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Subject : science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Volcanic landform; pipes are short conduits that connect a magma chamber to the surface.






2. A mafic rock with large grains. Intrusive - phaneritic igneous rock.






3. The display of the pattern of atoms or ions within a mineral. Meaning that the shape of one part of a mineral is a mirror image of the shape of another part.






4. Mineral crystal formation type; form at interfaces between the physical and biological components of the Earth system by this process.






5. The fit of the continents - locations of past glaciations - the distribution of equatorial climatic belts - the distribution of fossils - and matching geologic units.






6. Volcanic landform; bulbous mass of congealed lava - associated with explosive eruptions of gas-rich magma.






7. Type of volcanic eruption; pyroclastic - produce clouds and avalanches of pyroclastic debris. Gas expands in the rising magma - cannot escape. The pressure becomes so great that it blasts the lava - and volcanic rock - out of the volcano.






8. Forms from a chemical reaction between solid calcite and magnesium-bearing groundwater.






9. Mineral class; the molecule CO23 serves as the anionic group. Elements like calcium or magnesium bond to this group. Examples - calcite and dolomite.






10. A process occurring when the sea level rises - the coast migrates inland. Through this - an extensive layer of beach forms.






11. A mineral's growth that is uninhibited - has well-formed crystal faces.






12. Molten rock beneath Earth's surface.






13. A proposition in 1960 - by Princeton University professor Harry Hess - that continents drift apart because new ocean floor forms between them by this process.






14. Physical property of a mineral; refers to the shape (morphology) of a single crystal with well-formed crystal faces - or to the character of an aggregate of many well-formed crystals that grew together as a group. Depends on the internal arrangement






15. The Earth radiated heat into space and slowly cooled. Eventually - the early formed sea of lava solidified and formed igneous rock. The cumulative effect of radioactivity has been sufficient to slow the cooling of the planet and subsequently allow fo

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16. The injection of magma within the magma chamber and conduit generates an outward pressure within the volcano. The presence of gas within the magma increases this pressure - as gas expands greatly as it rises toward the Earth's surface. Rhyolitic and






17. Rock made by the freezing of magma underground - after it has pushed its way (intruded) into preexisting rock of the crust.






18. Sedimentary rocks made up of the shells of organisms.






19. Form from grains that break off preexisting rock and become cemented together - or from minerals that precipitate out of a water solution.






20. Rigid outer layer of Earth - 100-150km thick. Consists of the crust plus the uppermost part of the mantle.






21. A mafic rock with small grains. Extrusive - aphanitic igneous rock.






22. A plate boundary at which one plate slips along the side of another plate. No new plate is formed and no old plate is consumed. But the grinding between the plates generates frequent and destructive earthquakes.






23. The bottom portion of the upper mantle - the interval lying between 400km and 660km deep. Here within the Earth - the character of the mantle undergoes a series of abrupt changes.






24. The difference between the expected strength of the Earth's main field at a certain location and the actual measure strength of the magnetic field at that location. Places where the field strength is stronger that expected are positive anomalies - an






25. Chemical weathering occurring in warm - wet climates can produce a layer of rotten rock - over 100km thick.






26. Process where new divergent boundaries form when a continent splits and separates into two continents.






27. Equant - meaning that they have the same dimensions in all directions. Or inequant - meaning their dimensions are not the same in all directions.






28. Aggregates of mineral crystals or grains - and masses of natural glass; a coherent - naturally occurring solid - consisting of an aggregate of minerals or a mass of glass.






29. Sedimentary rock composed of quartz.






30. A single layer of sediment or sedimentary rock with a recognizable top and bottom.






31. An insulated - tunnel-like conduit through which lava moves within a flow.






32. Distinguishing feature of magma; the composition of the melt reflects the composition of the solid from which it was derived. Not all magmas form from the same source rock - therefore not all magmas have the same compositions.






33. A single - continuous (uninterrupted) piece of a crystalline solid bounded by flat surfaces called crystal faces that grew naturally as the mineral formed. Come in a variety of shapes - cubes - trapezoids - pyramids - octahedrons - hexagonal columns






34. Rocks which develop when hot molten rock cools and freezes solid.






35. Form when solid materials become hot and transform into liquid - example - molten rock.






36. Type of volcano; built from ejected lava fragments - cone shaped piles of tephra - steep slope angle - smaller in size - frequently occur in groups - deep craters.






37. Actively slipping segment of a fracture zone between two ocean ridge segments - these faults make a third type of plate boundary - transforms.






38. A fine spray of lava instantly freezes to form fine particles of glass.






39. In addition to islands that rise above sea level - seamounts have been detected (isolated submarine mountains) - once volcanoes but no longer erupt.






40. The process by which sediment settles out of the transporting medium.






41. Tree roots that grow into joints can push those joints open in this process.






42. Type of lava flow; surface layer of the lava freezes and then breaks up due to the continued movement of lava underneath - becomes a jumble of sharp - angular fragments - yielding a rubbly flow.

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43. Type of lava flow; higher silica content - greater viscosity - forms a large mound above the vent out of a volcano.






44. Mineral class; the anion within these types of minerals is a halogen ion (such as chlorine or fluorine).






45. Sphere; Surface water along with groundwater - Earth consists of 70% surface water (oceans - lakes - and streams).






46. A distinctive sequence of strata traced across a fairly large region. For example - a region may contain a succession of alternating sandstone and shale beds deposited by rivers - overlain by beds of marine limestone deposited later.






47. Coarse pyroclastic debris - apple to refrigerator-sized fragments. Chunks of preexisting igneous rock or large lava blobs which discharge from volcanic eruptions.






48. Type of volcanic eruption; takes place when water gains access to the hot rock around the magma chamber and suddenly transforms into steam - a pyroclastic eruption involving the reaction of water with magma.






49. Process occurring after sediment has been compacted - can then be bounded together to make coherent sedimentary rock. Binding material consists of minerals (commonly quartz or calcite).






50. The most important mineral group; comprise the most rock-forming minerals - they are very abundant due to large % of silicon and oxygen in Earth's crust. Examples - oxygen - silica - aluminum.






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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