SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Geology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A rock made of solid mass of glass - or of tiny crystals surrounded by glass. Reflect light as glass does and tend to break conchoidally. Examples - obsidian - tachylite - pumice.
Glassy igneous rocks
Superplumes
Outcrop
Clastic
2. A thick accumulation of sediment (10-15km) - the surface of this sediment layer is this broad - shallow region.
Cement
Continental shelf
Viscosity
C-horizon
3. Because different soil-forming processes operate at different depths - soils typically develop into these distinct zones. These zones can be arranged vertically into a soil profile.
Precipitation
Mineral
Ash
Soil Horizons
4. After sand has lost its feldspar composition due to weathering over time - sediment composed entirely of quartz grains gets buried and lithified to form this type of rock.
Sedimentary structure
Five steps of clastic sedimentary rock formation
Sandstone
Quartz sandstone
5. When different rocks in an outcrop undergo weathering at different rates.
Carbonates
Intermediate
Transition zone
Differential weathering
6. The most common minerals in the Earth. Contain silica (SiO2) mixed in varying proportions with other elements (typically iron - magnesium - aluminum - calcium - potassium - and sodium).
Bedrock
Volcanic blocks/bombs
Silicate minerals
Thermal expansion
7. A vent at Which melt from inside the Earth spews onto the planet's surface. Erupt.
Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs)
Volcano
Cement
Halides
8. Mineral group; olivine group - pyroxene group - amphibole group.
Heat transfer
Dark Silicates
Special properties of minerals
Volatiles
9. Pea to plum-sized fragments of pyroclastic debris - consists of pumice or scoria fragments.
Granitic magma
Composite cone (stratovolcano)
Sandstone
Lapilli
10. The resistance to flow of magma. Reflects its distinct silica content - for silica tends to polymerize - meaning it links up to form long - chainlike molecules whose presence slows down the flowing ability of magma. Thus felsic magmas flow less easil
Spreading rate
Lithosphere
Gem
Viscosity
11. Physical property of a mineral; different minerals fracture in different ways - depending on the internal arrangement of atoms. If a mineral breaks to form distinct planar surfaces that have a specific orientation in relation to the crystal structure
Fracture and cleavage
Ripples
Ash
Melting
12. Sedimentary rock consisting of cemented together solid fragments and grains derived from preexisting rocks.
Conchoidal fractures
Peridotite
Clastic sedimentary rocks
Halides
13. An exposure of bedrock.
Dunes
A-horizon
Outcrop
Felsic - intermediate - mafic - ultramafic
14. During this process - water chemically reacts with minerals and breaks them down - working faster in slightly acidic water.
Seamount chains
Crystal structure
Hydrolysis
Chemical sedimentary rocks
15. Carbon-containing compounds that either occur in living organisms - or have characteristics that resemble the molecules within living organisms. Examples - oil - protein - plastic - fat - and rubber.
12km
Organic chemicals
Hot spots
Metamorphic rocks
16. Distinguishing feature of magma; the process where magma sits in a magma chamber before completely solidifying - it may incorporate chemicals derived from the walls rocks of the chamber.
Salt wedging
Transform plate boundary
Intrusive igneous rock
Assimilation
17. Refers to the proportions of different chemicals making up the rock - and thus the proportion chemicals affects the proportions of different minerals constituting the rock.
Thermal expansion
Convergent plate boundary
Rock composition
Abyssal plains
18. Volcanic landform; bulbous mass of congealed lava - associated with explosive eruptions of gas-rich magma.
Pyroclastic debris
Lava domes
Laccolith
Metals
19. Type of volcanic eruption; takes place when water gains access to the hot rock around the magma chamber and suddenly transforms into steam - a pyroclastic eruption involving the reaction of water with magma.
Phreatomagmatic eruptions
Cinder cone
Dark Silicates
Gabbro
20. Weathering - erosion - transportation - deposition - and lithification.
Subsidence
Regression
Five steps of clastic sedimentary rock formation
Plutons
21. An organic sedimentary rock; black - combustible rock consisting of over 50% carbon.
rifting
Pyroclastic debris
Hydrolysis
Coal
22. Forms when clots of lava fly into the air in lava fountains and then freeze to form solid chunks before hitting the ground. Some forms when the explosion of a volcano shatters preexisting rock and ejects the fragments over the countryside.
Basaltic lava flows
Pyroclastic debris
Partial melting
Fragmental igneous rocks
23. A mixture containing more than one type of metal atom. Example - bronze is a mixture of copper and tin.
Alloy
Dissolution
Regolith
Elemental composition of Earth
24. In addition to islands that rise above sea level - seamounts have been detected (isolated submarine mountains) - once volcanoes but no longer erupt.
Transform fault
Bedrock
Seamount chains
Topography
25. Consists of rock and sediment that has been modified by physical and chemical interaction with organic material and rainwater - over time - to produce a substrate that can support the growth of plants.
Soil
Basaltic magma
3.5km (2 miles)
Peridotite
26. Sedimentary rock composed of calcite or dolomite.
Crystal habit
Lithification
Carbonate rocks
Convective flow
27. A process occurring when sea level falls - the coast migrates seaward.
Regression
Redbeds
Stratagraphic formation
Organic chemicals
28. Type of igneous rock composition; composed of dark silicates and calcium-rich feldspar - referred to as mafic (magnesium and iron). Make up the ocean floor/volcanic islands.
collision
Ignimbrite
Elemental composition of Earth
Basaltic composition
29. Physical property of a mineral; refers to the way a mineral surface scatters light. Metallic versus non-metallic in nature.
Luster
Metals
Limestone
Sill
30. A column of very hot rock that flows upward until it reaches the base of the lithosphere. In this model - such deep-mantle plumes form because heat rising from the Earth's core is warming rock at the base of the mantle. A possible explanation to the
Jointing
Rhyolitic lava flows
collision
Mantle plume
31. The angle between the direction that a compass needle points at a given location and the direction of the 'true' (geographic) north. Through this process - the magnetic poles never stray more than 15 degrees of latitude from the geographic pole.
Silicate minerals
Crystal structure
Magnetic declination
Halides
32. Contributes to formation of soil; occurs when rainwater percolates through the debris and carries dissolved ions and clay flakes downward - This is the region where the downward transport occurs.
The effect of viscosity on eruptive style
Zone of leaching
Differential weathering
Cross beds
33. Active hot-spot volcanoes commonly occur at the end of a chain of dead volcanoes.
Erosion
Hot-spot track
Area of igneous activity
Diagenesis
34. Magma type; contains only about 38% to 45% silica. Extreme form of mafic magma.
Ultramafic
Chemical weathering
Volatiles
Viscosity
35. The ocean floor is diced up by narrow bands of vertical fractures. Lie roughly at right angles to mid-ocean ridges - effectively segmenting the ridges into small pieces.
Fracture zones
Basaltic lava flows
Jointing
Zone of accumulation
36. Type of lava flow; a lava flow with warm - pasty surfaces wrinkling into smooth - glassy - rope-like bridges.
Extrusive igneous rock
Organic chemicals
pahoehoe
Polymorphs
37. Natural cracks that form in rocks due to removal of overburden or due to cooling.
Plate tectonics
Jointing
Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs)
Topography
38. Soil section below the O-horizon - humus has decayed further and has mixed with mineral grains (clay - silt - and sand). Water percolating through this horizon causes chemical weathering reactions to occur and produces ions in solution and new clay m
A-horizon
Dunes
a'a'
Crystal structure
39. A naturally occurring solid - formed by geologic processes - has a crystalline structure and a definable chemical composition - and is generally inorganic.
Mantle
Dolostone
Mineral
Shield volcano
40. Type of magma; high silica content - viscous - liquid at temperatures as low as 700 degrees C.
Granitic magma
Geothermal gradient
Crystalline igneous rocks
Fractional crystallization
41. Fluid basaltic lava extruded from crustal fractures called fissures.
Residual soil
Turbidity current
Fissure eruptions/lava plateaus
Rock layering
42. Mineral class; consist of a metal cation bonded to a sulfide anion. Examples - galena and pyrite. Many have a metallic luster. Can also be considered ores with high proportions of metal within the mineral.
Sulfides
Chert
Hydration
Chemical sedimentary rocks
43. Mineral class; consist of pure masses of a single metal - with metallic bonds. Copper and gold can appear in this way.
Cinder cone
Native metals
Andesitic lava flows
Organic sedimentary rocks
44. An insulated - tunnel-like conduit through which lava moves within a flow.
The effect of gas pressure on eruptive style
Biochemical sedimentary rocks
Lava tube
Lithosphere
45. A linear belt in which continental lithosphere pulls apart - the lithosphere stretches horizontally.
Effusive eruptions
Soil
Silicate minerals
Continental rift
46. A proposition in 1960 - by Princeton University professor Harry Hess - that continents drift apart because new ocean floor forms between them by this process.
Inner core
Physical weathering
Sea-floor spreading
12km
47. Process where a convergent boundary ceases to exist when a piece of buoyant lithosphere - such as a continent or island arc - moves into the subduction zone. Yield some of the most spectacular mountains/mountain ranges on the planet including the Him
collision
B-horizon
Siltstone and mudstone
Laterite
48. Sedimentary rock composed of clay.
Fracture and cleavage
Agrillaceous rocks
Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs)
Crystal lattice
49. An envelope of gas surrounding Earth consisting of 78% nitrogen (N2) and 28% oxygen (O2) - with minor amounts 1% of argon - carbon dioxide - methane - etc. And 99% of the gas in the atmosphere lies below 50km.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
50. Chemical precipitates; salt deposits formed as a consequence of evaporation. Examples - rock salt and gypsum.
Fractional crystallization
Evaporites
Felsic
Oxidation