SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Geology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Low-viscosity (basaltic) lava flows out of a volcano easily - whereas high-viscosity (andesitic and rhyolitic) lava can clog and build pressure within a volcano. Basaltic eruptions are typically effusive and produce shield volcanoes - whereas rhyolit
Bathymetry
Metamorphic rocks
The effect of viscosity on eruptive style
Deposition
2. Rock made by the freezing of magma underground - after it has pushed its way (intruded) into preexisting rock of the crust.
Subsidence
Intrusive igneous rock
Stoping
C-horizon
3. An insulated - tunnel-like conduit through which lava moves within a flow.
Oxides
Rhyolitic lava flows
Lava tube
Volcano
4. A mixture containing more than one type of metal atom. Example - bronze is a mixture of copper and tin.
Convective flow
Alloy
Cross beds
Magma's speed of flow
5. The crust moves away from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axis at a rate of 1cm per year. This velocity of sea-floor spreading is determined by the relationship between the paleomagnetic anomaly-stripe's width and the reverse polarity duration - the data reve
Soil
Spreading rate
Erosion
Crystalline
6. A distinctive sequence of strata traced across a fairly large region. For example - a region may contain a succession of alternating sandstone and shale beds deposited by rivers - overlain by beds of marine limestone deposited later.
Sulfates
Sedimentary rocks
Stratagraphic formation
C-horizon
7. A process occurring when the sea level rises - the coast migrates inland. Through this - an extensive layer of beach forms.
Transgression
Intrusive igneous rock
Regolith
Hydrolysis
8. A single - continuous (uninterrupted) piece of a crystalline solid bounded by flat surfaces called crystal faces that grew naturally as the mineral formed. Come in a variety of shapes - cubes - trapezoids - pyramids - octahedrons - hexagonal columns
Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs)
Crystal
Transported soil
Plutons
9. Mineral class; the molecule CO23 serves as the anionic group. Elements like calcium or magnesium bond to this group. Examples - calcite and dolomite.
Lower mantle
Transform plate boundary
Carbonates
Lava domes
10. Lava flow; associated with felsic magma - consists of ash and pumice fragments - material is propelled from the vent at a high speed.
Pyroclastic flows
Grain sizes
Seamount chains
Salt wedging
11. Deeper sublayer of the mantle - depth of 660km to 2900km.
Sulfates
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Volcanic blocks/bombs
Lower mantle
12. During the final stages of cooling - lava flows contract and may fracture into roughly hexagonal columns.
The effect of the environment on eruptive style
Transform plate boundary
Weathering
Columnar jointing
13. The injection of magma within the magma chamber and conduit generates an outward pressure within the volcano. The presence of gas within the magma increases this pressure - as gas expands greatly as it rises toward the Earth's surface. Rhyolitic and
Felsic - intermediate - mafic - ultramafic
Special properties of minerals
The effect of gas pressure on eruptive style
Basaltic composition
14. Similar to ripples - but are much larger. Small ripples often form on the surface of these structures.
Dunes
Relative plate velocity
Dolostone
Differential weathering
15. Irregular or blob-shaped intrusions that range in size from tens of meters across to tens of kilometers across.
Clastic
Plutons
Magma's speed of flow
Sandstone
16. The four classes of igneous silicate rocks based on the proportion of silicon to iron and magnesium. As the proportion of silicon in a rock increases - the density decreases - thus felsic rocks are less dense than mafic. In order - from greatest to l
Granitic composition
Hot-spot track
Felsic - intermediate - mafic - ultramafic
Crystal lattice
17. A term used for all the physical - chemical - and biological processes that transform sediment into sedimentary rock and that alter characteristics of sedimentary rock one the rock has formed.
Diagenesis
Paleopole
Crystal lattice
Lithification
18. Chemical precipitates; salt deposits formed as a consequence of evaporation. Examples - rock salt and gypsum.
Extrusive igneous rock
Phreatomagmatic eruptions
Carbonate rocks
Evaporites
19. The ocean floor is diced up by narrow bands of vertical fractures. Lie roughly at right angles to mid-ocean ridges - effectively segmenting the ridges into small pieces.
Fracture zones
Deep-ocean trenches
Outcrop
Mantle
20. A vent at Which melt from inside the Earth spews onto the planet's surface. Erupt.
Magnetic declination
Mantle
Volatiles
Volcano
21. Mineral class; the fundamental component within these types of minerals in the Earth's crust is the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron anionic group - a silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms that are arranged to define the corners of a tetrahedron - a
Silicates
Slab-pull force
Bedding
Outcrop
22. Most common mineral on Earth; compose over 95% of the continental crust. Consist of combinations of a fundamental building block called silicon-oxygen tetrahedron - different groups: independent tetrahedra - single chains - double chains - sheet sili
Transform plate boundary
Glass
Clastic sedimentary rocks
Silicate minerals
23. Mineral class; consist of a metal cation bonded to a sulfide anion. Examples - galena and pyrite. Many have a metallic luster. Can also be considered ores with high proportions of metal within the mineral.
Lava tube
Sulfides
Bedding
Continental rift
24. Mineral crystal formation type; form from a solidification of a melt - meaning the freezing of a liquid.
Conglomerate
Ultramafic
Melting
Intrusive igneous rock
25. A reference to the sinking of the lithosphere; allows for sediment to accumulate in regions where this occurs.
Clastic sedimentary rocks
Oxides
Subsidence
Fumerolic mineralization
26. Mineral crystal formation type; form by type of diffusion - the movement of atoms or ions through a solid to arrange into a new crystal structure; process takes place very slowly.
Seamount chains
B-horizon
Solid-state diffusion
Alloy
27. A reference to the supposed position of the Earth's magnetic pole at a time in the past.
Thermal expansion
Melts
Paleopole
Viscosity
28. Heat from an intense surface fire bakes and expands the outer layer of the rock. On cooling - the layer contracts - causing the outer part of the rock spall - or break off in sheet-like pieces.
Stratagraphic formation
Geothermal gradient
Thermal expansion
Facets
29. Sedimentary rocks consisting of carbon-rich relicts of plants.
Sedimentary structure
Physical weathering
Organic sedimentary rocks
Color
30. Forms from a chemical reaction between solid calcite and magnesium-bearing groundwater.
O-horizon
12km
Hardness
Dolostone
31. Along much of the perimeter of the Pacific Ocean - the ocean floor reaches astounding depths of 8-12km. These areas define elongate troughs - and they border volcanic arcs - the curving chains of active volcanoes.
Deep-ocean trenches
Differential weathering
Magma
Convective flow
32. Physical features of the land surface represented by changes in elevation.
Topography
Magnetic declination
Magma mixing
Diagenesis
33. The most common minerals in the Earth. Contain silica (SiO2) mixed in varying proportions with other elements (typically iron - magnesium - aluminum - calcium - potassium - and sodium).
Sulfides
Magma mixing
Outer core
Silicate minerals
34. Created from preexisting rocks which undergo changes - such as the growth of new minerals in response to pressure and heat - and/or as a result of squashing - stretching - or shear.
Biochemical sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks
Rocks
Limestone
35. Type of volcano; broad and slightly domed - primarily made of basaltic lava - large and erupt large volumes of lava. Form from either low viscosity basaltic lava or from large pyroclastic sheets.
Shield volcano
Color
Cementation
Frost wedging
36. The combination of processes that separate rock or regolith from its substrate and carry it away. Involves abrasion - plucking - scouring - and dissolution - and is caused by air - water or ice.
E-horizon
Halides
Caliche
Erosion
37. The layering nature of sedimentary rocks - surface features of layers formed during deposition - and the arrangement of grains within layers.
Sedimentary structure
Light silicates
Magnetic anomaly
Subsidence
38. Process where new divergent boundaries form when a continent splits and separates into two continents.
Coal
rifting
Hot spots
Sulfates
39. A proposition in 1960 - by Princeton University professor Harry Hess - that continents drift apart because new ocean floor forms between them by this process.
Sea-floor spreading
Sedimentary Basins
C-horizon
The effect of gas pressure on eruptive style
40. The shape of the sea floor surface. Investigation of the sea-floor revealed the presence of several important features: mid-ocean ridges - deep-ocean trenches - seamount chains - and fracture zones.
Bathymetry
Extrusive igneous rock
Euhedral crystal
Magnetic anomaly
41. Magma is less dense than surrounding rock - and thus is buoyant. Magma is less dense both because rock expands as it melts and because magma tends to contain smaller proportions of heavy elements. Also - magma rises because the weight of overlying ro
Why magma rises
Marine magnetic anomaly
Seamount chains
Conchoidal fractures
42. Type of lava flow; surface layer of the lava freezes and then breaks up due to the continued movement of lava underneath - becomes a jumble of sharp - angular fragments - yielding a rubbly flow.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
43. Distinguishing feature of magma; the process where different magmas formed in different locations from different sources may come in contact within a magma chamber prior to freezing. Thus the originally distinct magmas mix to create a new - different
Magma mixing
Silicate minerals
Thermal expansion
Sulfides
44. Lava flowing on dry land cools more slowly that lava erupting underwater.
Lava domes
Root wedging
Columnar jointing
The effect of the environment on eruptive style
45. A sedimentary bed that has developed a reddish color. The red comes from a film of iron oxide (hematite) that forms on grain surfaces.
Transgression
Redbeds
Intrusive igneous rock
Physical weathering
46. Type of soil; forms directly from underlying bedrock.
Lower mantle
Plate tectonics
Residual soil
Grain sizes
47. A pluton formation theory; a process during Which magma assimilates wall rock - and blocks of wall rock break off and sink into the magma.
Subsidence
Stoping
3.5km (2 miles)
Shield volcano
48. Active hot-spot volcanoes commonly occur at the end of a chain of dead volcanoes.
Hot-spot track
Elemental composition of Earth
Crystal habit
Coal
49. The Earth radiated heat into space and slowly cooled. Eventually - the early formed sea of lava solidified and formed igneous rock. The cumulative effect of radioactivity has been sufficient to slow the cooling of the planet and subsequently allow fo
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
50. Perhaps the cause for the large igneous provinces; formations within the mantle - plumes that bring up vastly more hot asthenosphere than normal plumes.
Subduction
Superplumes
Clastic sedimentary rocks
Transported soil