SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Geology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Physical property of a mineral; represents the density of a mineral - as specified by the ratio between the weight of a volume of the mineral and the weight of an equal volume of water a 4 degrees C.
Topography
Oxides
Specific gravity
Composite cone (stratovolcano)
2. Sedimentary rock composed of quartz.
Depositional environment
Columnar jointing
Mineral crystal destruction
Siliceous rocks
3. Type of volcano; broad and slightly domed - primarily made of basaltic lava - large and erupt large volumes of lava. Form from either low viscosity basaltic lava or from large pyroclastic sheets.
Transform fault
Saprolite
Strata
Shield volcano
4. Hot basaltic lava that erupts with such low viscosity that it can flow tens to hundreds of kilometers across the landscape.
Graded bed
Effusive eruptions
Regolith
Flood basalts
5. A felsic rock with large grains. Intrusive - phaneritic igneous rock.
Granite
Slab-pull force
Volcanic blocks/bombs
Magnetic inclination
6. The way in which the atoms are packed together within a mineral by chemical bonds. Five difference types of bonding can occur - covalent - ionic - metallic - Van der Waal's - and hydrogen.
O-horizon
Lithification
Mafic
Crystal structure
7. Chemical weathering during Which minerals dissolve into water.
Transgression
Plutons
Dissolution
Partial melting
8. Type of soil; forms directly from underlying bedrock.
Frost wedging
Residual soil
Sulfides
Pangaea
9. Form from grains that break off preexisting rock and become cemented together - or from minerals that precipitate out of a water solution.
Plate tectonics
Ash
Granitic magma
Sedimentary rocks
10. Materials that easily transform into gas at the relatively low temperatures found at the Earth's surface.
Bed
Fissure eruptions/lava plateaus
Jointing
Volatiles
11. A single layer of sediment or sedimentary rock with a recognizable top and bottom.
Bed
Calderas
Paleopole
Ultramafic
12. Physical property of a mineral; results from the way a mineral interacts with light. A mineral absorbs certain wavelengths - so the color seen represents the color wavelengths the mineral did not absorb.
Precipitation
Soil
Color
pahoehoe
13. A reaction during which an element loses electrons - commonly takes place when elements combine with oxygen.
Volcanic pipes/necks
Slab-pull force
Oxidation
Organic sedimentary rocks
14. Occurs within the asthenosphere - actively drags plates along and attributes partially for the mechanism shifting the plates along the Earth's surface.
C-horizon
Subduction
Convective flow
Granitic magma
15. The broad - relatively flat regions of the ocean that lie at a depth of about 4-5km below sea level.
Abyssal plains
Marine magnetic anomaly
Granite
Erosion
16. Sedimentary rock consisting of cemented together solid fragments and grains derived from preexisting rocks.
O-horizon
Ignimbrite
Mantle plume
Clastic sedimentary rocks
17. The resistance to flow of magma. Reflects its distinct silica content - for silica tends to polymerize - meaning it links up to form long - chainlike molecules whose presence slows down the flowing ability of magma. Thus felsic magmas flow less easil
Quartz sandstone
Viscosity
Lava
Flood basalts
18. Because different soil-forming processes operate at different depths - soils typically develop into these distinct zones. These zones can be arranged vertically into a soil profile.
B-horizon
Bed
Hardness
Soil Horizons
19. The most important mineral group; comprise the most rock-forming minerals - they are very abundant due to large % of silicon and oxygen in Earth's crust. Examples - oxygen - silica - aluminum.
Gabbro
Hydrosphere
Magnetic declination
Rock-forming silicate minerals
20. Rocks that forms by the freezing of lava above ground - after it spills out (extrudes) onto the surface of the Earth and comes into contact with the atmosphere or ocean.
Sulfates
Subsidence
Continental drift evidence
Extrusive igneous rock
21. Low-viscosity (basaltic) lava flows out of a volcano easily - whereas high-viscosity (andesitic and rhyolitic) lava can clog and build pressure within a volcano. Basaltic eruptions are typically effusive and produce shield volcanoes - whereas rhyolit
Streak
Ash
The effect of viscosity on eruptive style
Turbidite
22. Soil section below the A-horizon; a soil level that has undergone substantial leaching but has not yet mixed with organic material. Because it lacks organic materials - this horizon tends to be lighter than the A-horizon. Part of the zone of leaching
E-horizon
Carbonates
Continental drift hypothesis
Partial melting
23. A place where three plate boundaries intersect at a point.
Clastic
triple junction
The core
Melts
24. A naturally occurring solid - formed by geologic processes - has a crystalline structure and a definable chemical composition - and is generally inorganic.
Continental shelf
Mineral
Bedding
Gem
25. Type of volcanic eruption; pyroclastic - produce clouds and avalanches of pyroclastic debris. Gas expands in the rising magma - cannot escape. The pressure becomes so great that it blasts the lava - and volcanic rock - out of the volcano.
Bed
Ripples
Explosive eruptions
Magma mixing
26. Relatively small - elongated ridges that form on a bed surface at right angles to the direction of the current flow of the rock.
Evaporites
Ripples
Continental rift
Composite cone (stratovolcano)
27. Magma type; contains only about 38% to 45% silica. Extreme form of mafic magma.
pahoehoe
Heat transfer
Ultramafic
Thermal expansion
28. Places where intrusive igneous rock creates tabular intrusions cutting across rock that does not have layering - this nearly vertical - wall-like tabular intrusions is formed. Cut across layering within the earth.
Pyroclastic debris
Inner core
Igneous rocks
Dike
29. Some rock bodies appear to contain distinct formations - defined either by bands of different compositions or textures - or by the alignment of inequant grains so that they trend parallel to one another.
Subduction
Tephra
Turbidity current
Rock layering
30. Rock formations still attached to the Earth's crust.
Bedrock
Rhyolitic lava flows
Mantle plume
Sandstone
31. Distinguishing feature of magma; the process where magma changes composition as it cools because formation and sinking of crystals preferentially remove certain atoms from the magma.
Crystal lattice
Light silicates
Silicate minerals
Fractional crystallization
32. Two different minerals which have the same composition but have different crystal structures.
Polymorphs
Graded bed
Limestone
Native metals
33. Clast size - clast composition - angularity and sphericity - sorting - and character of cement.
Factors classifying clastic sedimentary rocks
Lapilli
Polymorphs
Elemental composition of Earth
34. Some rocks develop their magnetization - their ability to produce a magnetic field - at the time that the rocks themselves formed. Such rocks - preserve a record of the Earth's magnetic field at known times in the past.
Paleopole
Igneous rocks
Paleomagnetism
Soil erosion
35. A reference to the sinking of the lithosphere; allows for sediment to accumulate in regions where this occurs.
Subsidence
Elemental composition of Earth
Salt wedging
Silicate minerals
36. A plate boundary at which one plate slips along the side of another plate. No new plate is formed and no old plate is consumed. But the grinding between the plates generates frequent and destructive earthquakes.
Transform plate boundary
Metamorphic foliation
pahoehoe
Symmetry
37. Sublayer of the mantle - depth of 660km.
Hardness
Intermediate
Upper mantle
Granite
38. The transformation of loose sediment into solid rock.
Lithification
Batholiths
Subsidence
Basaltic lava flows
39. Mineral group; feldspars - quartz - muscovite - clay minerals.
Basaltic composition
Ridge-push force
Light silicates
Alloy
40. Mineral class; the anion within these types of minerals is a halogen ion (such as chlorine or fluorine).
Thermal expansion
Halides
A-horizon
Igneous rocks
41. A vent at Which melt from inside the Earth spews onto the planet's surface. Erupt.
Plutons
Volcano
Apparent polar-wander path
Lava
42. Farther down from a zone of leaching - new mineral crystals precipitate directly out of the water or form when the water reacts with debris - this the region where the new minerals and clay collect.
Zone of accumulation
650-1100 degrees C
Intrusive igneous rock
Xenolith
43. Physical property of a mineral; refers to the shape (morphology) of a single crystal with well-formed crystal faces - or to the character of an aggregate of many well-formed crystals that grew together as a group. Depends on the internal arrangement
Crystal habit
Laccolith
Granite
Soil erosion
44. Mineral crystal formation type; form by type of diffusion - the movement of atoms or ions through a solid to arrange into a new crystal structure; process takes place very slowly.
Deep-ocean trenches
Solid-state diffusion
Crystalline
Arkose
45. A sedimentary bed that has developed a reddish color. The red comes from a film of iron oxide (hematite) that forms on grain surfaces.
Sedimentary structure
Oxides
a'a'
Redbeds
46. A type of soil consisting of about 10-30% clay and the rest silt and sand. Pores remain between grains so that water and air can pass through and roots can easily penetrate.
Hot spots
Caliche
Bedrock
Loam
47. Type of soil; forms from sediment that has been carried in from elsewhere. Include those formed from deposits left by rivers - glaciers - or wind.
Symmetry
Cross beds
Transported soil
Bathymetry
48. Inorganic limestone; rock composed of crystalline calcium carbonate formed by chemical precipitation.
Cementation
ravertine
Spreading rate
Peridotite
49. Process where a convergent boundary ceases to exist when a piece of buoyant lithosphere - such as a continent or island arc - moves into the subduction zone. Yield some of the most spectacular mountains/mountain ranges on the planet including the Him
Basaltic magma
collision
Rock-forming silicate minerals
Fracture and cleavage
50. The force that subducting plates apply to oceanic lithosphere at a convergent boundary - arises simply because lithosphere formed 10 million years ago is denser than asthenosphere - so it can sink into the asthenosphere. Thus once an oceanic plate st
Loam
Basaltic composition
Slab-pull force
Organic sedimentary rocks