Test your basic knowledge |

Subject : science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The broad - relatively flat regions of the ocean that lie at a depth of about 4-5km below sea level.






2. Physical features of the land surface represented by changes in elevation.






3. Type of rock; accumulated sand bars - within are mineral grains of quartz and feldspar - this sediment if buried and lithified.






4. A cut and finished stone ready to be used in jewelry. Examples - diamond - ruby - sapphire - emerald.






5. Volcanic landform; bulbous mass of congealed lava - associated with explosive eruptions of gas-rich magma.






6. The compiled data from many marine cruises which defined a distinctive - striped and alternating bands of paleomagnetism.






7. The Earth radiated heat into space and slowly cooled. Eventually - the early formed sea of lava solidified and formed igneous rock. The cumulative effect of radioactivity has been sufficient to slow the cooling of the planet and subsequently allow fo

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8. Two different minerals which have the same composition but have different crystal structures.






9. If a stoped block does not melt entirely - but rather becomes surrounded by new igneous rock - it becomes this; xeno - meaning foreign.






10. A solid in which atoms are not arranged in an orderly pattern. Forms when a liquid freezes so fast that atoms do not have time to organize into an orderly pattern.






11. During the final stages of cooling - lava flows contract and may fracture into roughly hexagonal columns.






12. Type of volcano; built from ejected lava fragments - cone shaped piles of tephra - steep slope angle - smaller in size - frequently occur in groups - deep craters.






13. Outer surface level of Earth; composed of granite - basalt - and gabbro. Continental: mostly about 35-40km thick . Oceanic: about 7-10km thick. Oxygen - by far the most abundant element.






14. Mineral crystal formation type; form from a solution - meaning that atoms - molecules - or ions dissolved in water bond together out of water.






15. A vent at Which melt from inside the Earth spews onto the planet's surface. Erupt.






16. A mafic rock with small grains. Extrusive - aphanitic igneous rock.






17. Sedimentary rocks consisting of carbon-rich relicts of plants.






18. An exposure of bedrock.






19. Mineral group; olivine group - pyroxene group - amphibole group.






20. A plate boundary at which two plates move toward one another so that one plate sinks beneath the other. Subduction zones; Engage the sinking process known as subduction - between plates - consuming old oceanic lithosphere due to high density. Can sim






21. Mineral class; the molecule CO23 serves as the anionic group. Elements like calcium or magnesium bond to this group. Examples - calcite and dolomite.






22. The freely pivoting up and down compass needle's angle of tilt relative to the location upon the Earth's surface. At the equator - the specialized magnetic needle would position horizontally and at a magnetic pole it would point straight down.






23. Sedimentary rock composed of calcite or dolomite.






24. Type of lava flow; mafic - low viscosity - extremely hot - flows very quickly.






25. Develops because mid-ocean ridges lie at a higher elevation than the adjacent abyssal plains of the ocean. The surface of the sea floor overall slopes away from the ridge axis. Gravity causes the elevated lithosphere at the ridge axis to push on the






26. Natural cracks that form in rocks due to removal of overburden or due to cooling.






27. The layering nature of sedimentary rocks - surface features of layers formed during deposition - and the arrangement of grains within layers.






28. Cause of melting; magma can also form at locations where chemicals called volatiles mix with hot mantle rock. Elements such as water and carbon dioxide mix with hot rock - helping to break chemical bonds - so that if you add volatiles to a solid - ho






29. Actively slipping segment of a fracture zone between two ocean ridge segments - these faults make a third type of plate boundary - transforms.






30. Core division; from a depth of 5155km down to Earth's center at 6371km. A radius of about 1220km - is solid iron-nickel alloy - can reach temperature of 4700 degrees C. Solid in nature because of subjection to greater pressure - keeps atoms from wand






31. Some rock bodies appear to contain distinct formations - defined either by bands of different compositions or textures - or by the alignment of inequant grains so that they trend parallel to one another.






32. Form from grains that break off preexisting rock and become cemented together - or from minerals that precipitate out of a water solution.






33. Type of soil; forms from sediment that has been carried in from elsewhere. Include those formed from deposits left by rivers - glaciers - or wind.






34. Irregular or blob-shaped intrusions that range in size from tens of meters across to tens of kilometers across.






35. Rigid outer layer of Earth - 100-150km thick. Consists of the crust plus the uppermost part of the mantle.






36. Chemical weathering occurring in warm - wet climates can produce a layer of rotten rock - over 100km thick.






37. A type of carbonate rock; rocks formed from the calcite or aragonite skeletons of organisms form this biochemical sedimentary rock.






38. Core division; between 2900 and 5155km deep. Liquid iron alloy - it exists as a liquid because the temperature here is so high that even the great pressures squeezing the region cannot lock atoms into a solid framework. This liquid iron alloy is able






39. A felsic rock with large grains. Intrusive - phaneritic igneous rock.






40. Type of volcanic eruption; takes place when water gains access to the hot rock around the magma chamber and suddenly transforms into steam - a pyroclastic eruption involving the reaction of water with magma.






41. Natural bond connecting rocks; mineral material that precipitates from water and fills the space between grains.






42. Active hot-spot volcanoes commonly occur at the end of a chain of dead volcanoes.






43. Solids composed of metal atoms (such as iron - aluminum - copper - and tin). Within this type of solid - outer electrons are able to flow freely.






44. A column of very hot rock that flows upward until it reaches the base of the lithosphere. In this model - such deep-mantle plumes form because heat rising from the Earth's core is warming rock at the base of the mantle. A possible explanation to the






45. The display of the pattern of atoms or ions within a mineral. Meaning that the shape of one part of a mineral is a mirror image of the shape of another part.






46. A fine spray of lava instantly freezes to form fine particles of glass.






47. An envelope of gas surrounding Earth consisting of 78% nitrogen (N2) and 28% oxygen (O2) - with minor amounts 1% of argon - carbon dioxide - methane - etc. And 99% of the gas in the atmosphere lies below 50km.

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48. A thick accumulation of sediment (10-15km) - the surface of this sediment layer is this broad - shallow region.






49. Volcanic landform; steep walled depression at the summit - size exceeds one kilometer in diameter.






50. Physical property of a mineral; different minerals fracture in different ways - depending on the internal arrangement of atoms. If a mineral breaks to form distinct planar surfaces that have a specific orientation in relation to the crystal structure