SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Geology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Iron (35%) - oxygen (30%) - silicon (15%) - and magnesium (10%) - and the remaining 10% consists of 88 naturally occurring elements.
Laterite
Elemental composition of Earth
Magma mixing
Metamorphic foliation
2. The conditions in which sediment was deposited. Examples - beach - glacial - and/or river environments.
Fumerolic mineralization
Agrillaceous rocks
Depositional environment
Felsic
3. The injection of magma within the magma chamber and conduit generates an outward pressure within the volcano. The presence of gas within the magma increases this pressure - as gas expands greatly as it rises toward the Earth's surface. Rhyolitic and
The effect of gas pressure on eruptive style
Ridge-push force
Carbonate rocks
Pangaea
4. Core division; from a depth of 5155km down to Earth's center at 6371km. A radius of about 1220km - is solid iron-nickel alloy - can reach temperature of 4700 degrees C. Solid in nature because of subjection to greater pressure - keeps atoms from wand
Inner core
Topography
pahoehoe
Rocks
5. Chemical weathering occurring in warm - wet climates can produce a layer of rotten rock - over 100km thick.
Outer core
Paleopole
Saprolite
Decompression
6. By melting - dissolving - or other chemical reactions.
Felsic
Mineral crystal destruction
Ignimbrite
Metals
7. The distance that the world's deepest mine-shaft penetrates into the Earth beneath South Africa.
3.5km (2 miles)
Salt wedging
Melting
Regolith
8. The most important mineral group; comprise the most rock-forming minerals - they are very abundant due to large % of silicon and oxygen in Earth's crust. Examples - oxygen - silica - aluminum.
Rock-forming silicate minerals
Crystal lattice
Crust
Columnar jointing
9. Volcanic landform; pipes are short conduits that connect a magma chamber to the surface.
Batholiths
Bathymetry
Volcanic pipes/necks
Relative plate velocity
10. Cause of melting; magma can also form at locations where chemicals called volatiles mix with hot mantle rock. Elements such as water and carbon dioxide mix with hot rock - helping to break chemical bonds - so that if you add volatiles to a solid - ho
Volatiles
Pyroclastic flows
Basalt
Plate tectonics
11. Sedimentary rock consisting of cemented together solid fragments and grains derived from preexisting rocks.
Lower mantle
Factors of magma cooling time
Clastic sedimentary rocks
Pyroclastic flows
12. A sedimentary bed that has developed a reddish color. The red comes from a film of iron oxide (hematite) that forms on grain surfaces.
Outcrop
Root wedging
Redbeds
Dike
13. Physical property of a mineral; a measure of a minerals relative ability to resist scratching - and therefore represents the resistance of bonds in the crystal structure being broken. The atoms or ions in crystals of a hard mineral are more strongly
Transgression
Plutons
Hardness
triple junction
14. Magma type; contains about 52% to 66% silica. Name indicates that these magmas have a composition between that of felsic and mafic magma.
Fissure eruptions/lava plateaus
Intermediate
Symmetry
Physical weathering
15. The absorption of water into the crystal structure of minerals - causes some minerals to expand.
Crystalline igneous rocks
Melting
Five steps of clastic sedimentary rock formation
Hydration
16. A reaction during which an element loses electrons - commonly takes place when elements combine with oxygen.
Lava domes
Slab-pull force
Oxidation
Continental drift hypothesis
17. Inorganic limestone; rock composed of crystalline calcium carbonate formed by chemical precipitation.
ravertine
Basaltic magma
The effect of gas pressure on eruptive style
Quartz sandstone
18. Distinct internal laminations within a ripple or dune that are inclined at an angle to the boundary of the main sedimentary layer. Form as a consequence of the evolution of dunes or ripples.
Alloy
Cross beds
Basaltic lava flows
Grain sizes
19. Physical property of a mineral; results from the way a mineral interacts with light. A mineral absorbs certain wavelengths - so the color seen represents the color wavelengths the mineral did not absorb.
Effusive eruptions
Calderas
Color
Special properties of minerals
20. A type of soil consisting of about 10-30% clay and the rest silt and sand. Pores remain between grains so that water and air can pass through and roots can easily penetrate.
Outcrop
Jointing
Loam
Plutons
21. Process where new divergent boundaries form when a continent splits and separates into two continents.
Cross beds
Quartz sandstone
rifting
Ripples
22. A plate boundary at which two plates move toward one another so that one plate sinks beneath the other. Subduction zones; Engage the sinking process known as subduction - between plates - consuming old oceanic lithosphere due to high density. Can sim
Convergent plate boundary
Clastic
Mid-ocean ridges
Transition zone
23. Type of igneous rock composition; composed of dark silicates and calcium-rich feldspar - referred to as mafic (magnesium and iron). Make up the ocean floor/volcanic islands.
Transported soil
Jointing
Basaltic composition
Evaporites
24. When different rocks in an outcrop undergo weathering at different rates.
Basalt
Differential weathering
Sulfides
Bed
25. Volcanoes that exist as isolated points and appear to be independent of movement at a plate boundary - hot-spot volcanoes. Mostly are located on the interior of plates - away from boundaries.
Hot spots
Transported soil
A-horizon
Native metals
26. Factors; the depth of the intrusion - the deeper - the more slowly it cools. The shape and size of a magma body - the greater the surface area - the faster it cools. The presence of circulating groundwater - water passing through cools magma faster.
Xenolith
Factors of magma cooling time
Lithosphere
Volatiles
27. During the final stages of cooling - lava flows contract and may fracture into roughly hexagonal columns.
Dunes
Columnar jointing
Divergent plate boundary
Regolith
28. Type of lava flow; a lava flow with warm - pasty surfaces wrinkling into smooth - glassy - rope-like bridges.
pahoehoe
a'a'
Glass
Diagenesis
29. Physical property of a mineral; refers to the color of a powder produced by pulverizing the mineral. Provides a fairly reliable clue to the mineral's identity - since the color of the mineral powder tends to be less variable than the color of the who
Streak
Effusive eruptions
Granite
pahoehoe
30. A sheet of tuff formed from a pyroclastic flow.
The effect of viscosity on eruptive style
Chemical weathering
Ignimbrite
Plates
31. Volcanic landform; steep walled depression at the summit - size exceeds one kilometer in diameter.
Transform fault
Volatiles
Magma mixing
Calderas
32. Mineral class; consist of metal cations bonded by oxygen anions. Examples - hematite and magnetite. Some contain a relatively high proportion of metal atoms - and thus are ore minerals.
Carbonates
Oxides
Agrillaceous rocks
Transported soil
33. Because different soil-forming processes operate at different depths - soils typically develop into these distinct zones. These zones can be arranged vertically into a soil profile.
Cross beds
Granite
Soil Horizons
Mineral
34. The crust moves away from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axis at a rate of 1cm per year. This velocity of sea-floor spreading is determined by the relationship between the paleomagnetic anomaly-stripe's width and the reverse polarity duration - the data reve
Spreading rate
C-horizon
Symmetry
Crystal structure
35. Type of volcanic eruption; produce mainly lava flows - yield low-viscosity basaltic lavas.
Volcanic pipes/necks
Effusive eruptions
Tuff
Elemental composition of Earth
36. A vent at Which melt from inside the Earth spews onto the planet's surface. Erupt.
Mineral
Magnetic reversals
Volcano
Erosion
37. Low-viscosity (basaltic) lava flows out of a volcano easily - whereas high-viscosity (andesitic and rhyolitic) lava can clog and build pressure within a volcano. Basaltic eruptions are typically effusive and produce shield volcanoes - whereas rhyolit
The effect of viscosity on eruptive style
Bed
Sill
Ash
38. Chemical precipitates; salt deposits formed as a consequence of evaporation. Examples - rock salt and gypsum.
Paleomagnetism
Melts
Evaporites
B-horizon
39. A process occurring when the sea level rises - the coast migrates inland. Through this - an extensive layer of beach forms.
Transgression
Magnetic anomaly
Continental shelf
Superplumes
40. Mineral crystal formation type; form at interfaces between the physical and biological components of the Earth system by this process.
Cinder cone
Biomineralization
Magma
Bed
41. A mafic rock with small grains. Extrusive - aphanitic igneous rock.
Outer core
Basalt
Soil erosion
Granite
42. A submarine suspension of sediment.
Columnar jointing
Laccolith
Precipitation
Turbidity current
43. Magma type; contains about 66% to 76% silica. Name reflects the occurrence of feldspar and quartz in rocks formed in this magma.
Tephra
Felsic
Calderas
Partial melting
44. Distinguishing feature of magma; the process where magma changes composition as it cools because formation and sinking of crystals preferentially remove certain atoms from the magma.
Fractional crystallization
Symmetry
Metamorphic rocks
B-horizon
45. A plate boundary at which one plate slips along the side of another plate. No new plate is formed and no old plate is consumed. But the grinding between the plates generates frequent and destructive earthquakes.
Transform plate boundary
Silicate minerals
Biomineralization
Convergent plate boundary
46. A reference to the pattern structure of a mineral. A material in which atoms are fixed in an orderly pattern - a crystalline solid.
Ignimbrite
Crystal lattice
Bathymetry
Fissure eruptions/lava plateaus
47. The ocean floor is diced up by narrow bands of vertical fractures. Lie roughly at right angles to mid-ocean ridges - effectively segmenting the ridges into small pieces.
B-horizon
Fracture zones
Mineral
Transported soil
48. Rocks that forms by the freezing of lava above ground - after it spills out (extrudes) onto the surface of the Earth and comes into contact with the atmosphere or ocean.
The effect of gas pressure on eruptive style
Transform plate boundary
Volatiles
Extrusive igneous rock
49. Type of soil; forms from sediment that has been carried in from elsewhere. Include those formed from deposits left by rivers - glaciers - or wind.
Lapilli
Transported soil
Oxidation
Melts
50. On a gem are the ground and polished surfaces made with a certain type of machine.
Facets
Bedding
Area of igneous activity
Symmetry