Test your basic knowledge |

Subject : science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A place where three plate boundaries intersect at a point.






2. A thick accumulation of sediment (10-15km) - the surface of this sediment layer is this broad - shallow region.






3. During the final stages of cooling - lava flows contract and may fracture into roughly hexagonal columns.






4. Mineral class; consist of a metal cation bonded to the anionic group. Many form by precipitation out of water at or near the Earth's surface. Example - gypsum.






5. The boundary between two beds is a bedding plane; several beds constitute this structure.






6. The distance of the deepest well ever drilled - hole in northern Russia. Penetrates only about 0.03% of the Earth.






7. Refers to the processes that break up and corrode solid rock - eventually transforming it into sediment. Physical and chemical variations.






8. Chemical weathering occurring in warm - wet climates can produce a layer of rotten rock - over 100km thick.






9. Mineral class; consist of a metal cation bonded to a sulfide anion. Examples - galena and pyrite. Many have a metallic luster. Can also be considered ores with high proportions of metal within the mineral.






10. Natural bond connecting rocks; mineral material that precipitates from water and fills the space between grains.






11. Mineral class; consist of metal cations bonded by oxygen anions. Examples - hematite and magnetite. Some contain a relatively high proportion of metal atoms - and thus are ore minerals.






12. Volcanic landform; bulbous mass of congealed lava - associated with explosive eruptions of gas-rich magma.






13. Mineral class; the fundamental component within these types of minerals in the Earth's crust is the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron anionic group - a silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms that are arranged to define the corners of a tetrahedron - a






14. An ultramafic rock with large grains. intrusive - phaneritic igneous rock.






15. A process occurring when sea level falls - the coast migrates seaward.






16. After sand has lost its feldspar composition due to weathering over time - sediment composed entirely of quartz grains gets buried and lithified to form this type of rock.






17. Built up deposit of volcanic bombs and lapilli - known as volcanic agglomerate.






18. Rocks that consist of mineral crystals that intergrow when the melt solidifies - interlocking structure. Examples - granite and rhyolite.






19. Process where new divergent boundaries form when a continent splits and separates into two continents.






20. Some minerals have distinctive properties - such as calcite which reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide. Dolomite also reacts with acid - graphite can make clear markings - magnetite attracts a magnet - halite tastes salty -






21. Physical features of the land surface represented by changes in elevation.






22. Places where intrusive igneous rock creates tabular intrusions cutting across rock that does not have layering - this nearly vertical - wall-like tabular intrusions is formed. Cut across layering within the earth.






23. Some rock bodies appear to contain distinct formations - defined either by bands of different compositions or textures - or by the alignment of inequant grains so that they trend parallel to one another.






24. Refers to the chemical reactions that alter or destroy minerals when rock comes in contact with water solutions or air.






25. A mixture containing more than one type of metal atom. Example - bronze is a mixture of copper and tin.






26. Rocks which develop when hot molten rock cools and freezes solid.






27. Tree roots that grow into joints can push those joints open in this process.






28. The compiled data from many marine cruises which defined a distinctive - striped and alternating bands of paleomagnetism.






29. Weathering - erosion - transportation - deposition - and lithification.






30. The angle between the direction that a compass needle points at a given location and the direction of the 'true' (geographic) north. Through this process - the magnetic poles never stray more than 15 degrees of latitude from the geographic pole.






31. Volcanic landform; steep walled depression at the summit - size exceeds one kilometer in diameter.






32. The removal of soil by running water or by wind.






33. Cause of melting; the variation in temperature with depth is expressed in the geotherm; because pressure prevents melting - a decrease in pressure can permit melting. Specifically - if the pressure affecting hot mantle rock decreases while the temper






34. Unconsolidated deposits of pyroclastic grains - regardless of size - that have been erupted from a volcano constitute these pyroclastic deposits.






35. Process that occurs after the sediment has been buried - pressure cause by the overburden squeezes out water and air that had been trapped between clasts - and the clasts press together tightly.






36. Materials that easily transform into gas at the relatively low temperatures found at the Earth's surface.






37. Magma is less dense than surrounding rock - and thus is buoyant. Magma is less dense both because rock expands as it melts and because magma tends to contain smaller proportions of heavy elements. Also - magma rises because the weight of overlying ro






38. A process occurring when the sea level rises - the coast migrates inland. Through this - an extensive layer of beach forms.






39. Layering in sedimentary rocks.






40. Distinguishing feature of magma; the process where different magmas formed in different locations from different sources may come in contact within a magma chamber prior to freezing. Thus the originally distinct magmas mix to create a new - different






41. Type of lava flow; higher silica content - greater viscosity - forms a large mound above the vent out of a volcano.






42. Farther down from a zone of leaching - new mineral crystals precipitate directly out of the water or form when the water reacts with debris - this the region where the new minerals and clay collect.






43. A fine spray of lava instantly freezes to form fine particles of glass.






44. A reference to the supposed position of the Earth's magnetic pole at a time in the past.






45. Mineral crystal formation type; form from a solution - meaning that atoms - molecules - or ions dissolved in water bond together out of water.






46. A cut and finished stone ready to be used in jewelry. Examples - diamond - ruby - sapphire - emerald.






47. Pea to plum-sized fragments of pyroclastic debris - consists of pumice or scoria fragments.






48. Volcanic landform; pipes are short conduits that connect a magma chamber to the surface.






49. An intrusion starting to inject between layers but then dome upwards - creating this blister-shaped intrusion.






50. Rocks that forms by the freezing of lava above ground - after it spills out (extrudes) onto the surface of the Earth and comes into contact with the atmosphere or ocean.







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