SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Geology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sedimentary rocks made up of the shells of organisms.
Continental drift hypothesis
Biochemical sedimentary rocks
Regression
Xenolith
2. Coarse pyroclastic debris - apple to refrigerator-sized fragments. Chunks of preexisting igneous rock or large lava blobs which discharge from volcanic eruptions.
Paleopole
Ripples
Extrusive igneous rock
Volcanic blocks/bombs
3. The force that subducting plates apply to oceanic lithosphere at a convergent boundary - arises simply because lithosphere formed 10 million years ago is denser than asthenosphere - so it can sink into the asthenosphere. Thus once an oceanic plate st
Igneous rocks
Special properties of minerals
Slab-pull force
Laterite
4. Molten rock beneath Earth's surface.
Magma
Continental drift evidence
Chemical weathering
Fracture zones
5. Type of igneous rock composition; composed of light-colored silicates - very rich in felsic (feldspar and silica). Major constituent of continental crust.
Granitic composition
Composite cone (stratovolcano)
Shield volcano
Heat transfer
6. A reference to the sinking of the lithosphere; allows for sediment to accumulate in regions where this occurs.
Rhyolitic lava flows
Arkose
Subsidence
Convergent plate boundary
7. Center of the Earth - consists mainly of iron alloy.
Transgression
Transition zone
Silicate minerals
The core
8. A type of carbonate rock; rocks formed from the calcite or aragonite skeletons of organisms form this biochemical sedimentary rock.
Limestone
Ripples
Granite
Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs)
9. Physical property of a mineral; refers to the way a mineral surface scatters light. Metallic versus non-metallic in nature.
Basalt
Luster
Soil
Peridotite
10. Cause of melting; the variation in temperature with depth is expressed in the geotherm; because pressure prevents melting - a decrease in pressure can permit melting. Specifically - if the pressure affecting hot mantle rock decreases while the temper
Organic chemicals
Sedimentary Basins
Rock layering
Decompression
11. Rock made by the freezing of magma underground - after it has pushed its way (intruded) into preexisting rock of the crust.
Five steps of clastic sedimentary rock formation
Intrusive igneous rock
Source rock composition
Superplumes
12. Chemical precipitates; salt deposits formed as a consequence of evaporation. Examples - rock salt and gypsum.
Reason for Earth's internal heat
Basaltic composition
Hydration
Evaporites
13. Inorganic limestone; rock composed of crystalline calcium carbonate formed by chemical precipitation.
ravertine
Magma
Light silicates
Gabbro
14. Physical property of a mineral; results from the way a mineral interacts with light. A mineral absorbs certain wavelengths - so the color seen represents the color wavelengths the mineral did not absorb.
Color
Mafic
Shield volcano
Cement
15. The four classes of igneous silicate rocks based on the proportion of silicon to iron and magnesium. As the proportion of silicon in a rock increases - the density decreases - thus felsic rocks are less dense than mafic. In order - from greatest to l
Glassy igneous rocks
Felsic - intermediate - mafic - ultramafic
Turbidity current
Quartz sandstone
16. Created from preexisting rocks which undergo changes - such as the growth of new minerals in response to pressure and heat - and/or as a result of squashing - stretching - or shear.
Metamorphic rocks
Compaction
Elemental composition of Earth
Native metals
17. Because different soil-forming processes operate at different depths - soils typically develop into these distinct zones. These zones can be arranged vertically into a soil profile.
Redbeds
Volatiles
Soil Horizons
Lithification
18. Distinct internal laminations within a ripple or dune that are inclined at an angle to the boundary of the main sedimentary layer. Form as a consequence of the evolution of dunes or ripples.
Plate tectonics
Cross beds
Residual soil
Upper mantle
19. Rocks that forms by the freezing of lava above ground - after it spills out (extrudes) onto the surface of the Earth and comes into contact with the atmosphere or ocean.
Extrusive igneous rock
Sea-floor spreading
Evaporites
Magnetic anomaly
20. Distinguishing feature of magma; the composition of the melt reflects the composition of the solid from which it was derived. Not all magmas form from the same source rock - therefore not all magmas have the same compositions.
Mid-ocean ridges
Source rock composition
Volcano
Special properties of minerals
21. When water is trapped in a joint freezes - it forces the joint open and may cause the joint to grow.
Coal
Regression
Bedrock
Frost wedging
22. Sedimentary rock composed of calcite or dolomite.
Asthenosphere
Evaporites
Phreatomagmatic eruptions
Carbonate rocks
23. A layer of sediment in which grain size varies from coarse at the bottom to fine at the top.
Glass
Reason for Earth's internal heat
Graded bed
Organic sedimentary rocks
24. The shape of the sea floor surface. Investigation of the sea-floor revealed the presence of several important features: mid-ocean ridges - deep-ocean trenches - seamount chains - and fracture zones.
Bathymetry
Clastic sedimentary rocks
Luster
Hardness
25. A term used for all the physical - chemical - and biological processes that transform sediment into sedimentary rock and that alter characteristics of sedimentary rock one the rock has formed.
Diagenesis
Zone of leaching
Inner core
Plates
26. A single - continuous (uninterrupted) piece of a crystalline solid bounded by flat surfaces called crystal faces that grew naturally as the mineral formed. Come in a variety of shapes - cubes - trapezoids - pyramids - octahedrons - hexagonal columns
ravertine
Crystal
Halides
Decompression
27. A rock made of solid mass of glass - or of tiny crystals surrounded by glass. Reflect light as glass does and tend to break conchoidally. Examples - obsidian - tachylite - pumice.
Glassy igneous rocks
Hydrosphere
Felsic
Flood basalts
28. The ocean floor is diced up by narrow bands of vertical fractures. Lie roughly at right angles to mid-ocean ridges - effectively segmenting the ridges into small pieces.
Fracture zones
Factors classifying clastic sedimentary rocks
Siltstone and mudstone
Crystal lattice
29. Physical property of a mineral; refers to the shape (morphology) of a single crystal with well-formed crystal faces - or to the character of an aggregate of many well-formed crystals that grew together as a group. Depends on the internal arrangement
Crystal habit
The effect of gas pressure on eruptive style
Strata
Mineral
30. Magma viscosity depends upon temperature - volatile content - and silica content. Hotter magma - more volatiles - and mafic magma all have less viscosity.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
31. An insulated - tunnel-like conduit through which lava moves within a flow.
Magma mixing
Lava tube
Bedding
Facets
32. The way in which the atoms are packed together within a mineral by chemical bonds. Five difference types of bonding can occur - covalent - ionic - metallic - Van der Waal's - and hydrogen.
Crystal structure
Silicates
Halides
Bedding
33. A mafic rock with large grains. Intrusive - phaneritic igneous rock.
Apparent polar-wander path
Intermediate
Gabbro
Viscosity
34. Chemical weathering occurring in warm - wet climates can produce a layer of rotten rock - over 100km thick.
Saprolite
Bedding
Precipitation
Calderas
35. Mineral crystal formation type; from directly from a vapor - occurs around volcanic vents or around geysers. At such locations - volcanic gases or steam enter the atmosphere and cool - so certain elements cannot remain in gaseous form.
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Organic sedimentary rocks
Fumerolic mineralization
A-horizon
36. Mineral crystal formation type; form from a solidification of a melt - meaning the freezing of a liquid.
Melting
Pyroclastic debris
Silicate minerals
E-horizon
37. Fracture type; smoothly curving - clamshell-shaped surfaces; typically formed in quartz.
Asthenosphere
Magnetic declination
Conchoidal fractures
Redbeds
38. Process where a convergent boundary ceases to exist when a piece of buoyant lithosphere - such as a continent or island arc - moves into the subduction zone. Yield some of the most spectacular mountains/mountain ranges on the planet including the Him
Asthenosphere
Divergent plate boundary
collision
Weathering
39. Alfred Wegener's suggestion that the positions of the continents change through time as they drift away from each other. The flaw was that he lacked a plausible moving mechanism.
Continental drift hypothesis
Felsic
Paleopole
Earth's atmosphere
40. Layer that lies below the lithosphere - and is the portion of the mantle in which rock can flow (slowly; 10-15cm per year) despite still being solid. Entirely within the mantle and lies below a depth of 100-150km.
Lower mantle
Convergent plate boundary
Asthenosphere
Strata
41. The difference between the expected strength of the Earth's main field at a certain location and the actual measure strength of the magnetic field at that location. Places where the field strength is stronger that expected are positive anomalies - an
Magma mixing
Magnetic anomaly
Mineral crystal destruction
Clastic
42. Type of sedimentary rock; rocks whose grains are stuck together by cement.
Bedrock
Gem
Clastic
Mafic
43. Type of soil; forms in tropical regions where abundant rainfall drenches the land during the rainy season - and the soil dries during the dry season.
Laterite
Quartz sandstone
Plate tectonics
Clastic sedimentary rocks
44. Volcanoes that exist as isolated points and appear to be independent of movement at a plate boundary - hot-spot volcanoes. Mostly are located on the interior of plates - away from boundaries.
Effusive eruptions
Volatiles
Hot spots
Transform plate boundary
45. Relatively small - elongated ridges that form on a bed surface at right angles to the direction of the current flow of the rock.
The effect of gas pressure on eruptive style
Ripples
Soil erosion
triple junction
46. Form from grains that break off preexisting rock and become cemented together - or from minerals that precipitate out of a water solution.
Chert
Sedimentary rocks
Agrillaceous rocks
Mid-ocean ridges
47. A mineral's growth that is uninhibited - has well-formed crystal faces.
Euhedral crystal
Volatiles
The effect of gas pressure on eruptive style
Deposition
48. Forms from a chemical reaction between solid calcite and magnesium-bearing groundwater.
Dolostone
Subduction
Precipitation
Upper mantle
49. The burial and lithification of angular or rounded clasts form these types of rocks.
Ignimbrite
Factors classifying clastic sedimentary rocks
Clastic sedimentary rocks
Conglomerate
50. Type of lava flow; the most viscous of any lava flow because it is the most silicic and the coolest in nature. Tends to accumulate in a lava dome above the vent or in short and bulbous flows 1 to 2 km long.
Quartz sandstone
Rocks
Heat transfer
Rhyolitic lava flows