SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Geology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An ultramafic rock with large grains. intrusive - phaneritic igneous rock.
Strata
Pangaea
Peridotite
Lava tube
2. Sedimentary rock composed of calcite or dolomite.
Hot-spot track
Metamorphic rocks
Clastic sedimentary rocks
Carbonate rocks
3. Core division; from a depth of 5155km down to Earth's center at 6371km. A radius of about 1220km - is solid iron-nickel alloy - can reach temperature of 4700 degrees C. Solid in nature because of subjection to greater pressure - keeps atoms from wand
Color
Inner core
Agrillaceous rocks
triple junction
4. Mineral group; olivine group - pyroxene group - amphibole group.
E-horizon
Mantle
Sedimentary Basins
Dark Silicates
5. Consists of rock and sediment that has been modified by physical and chemical interaction with organic material and rainwater - over time - to produce a substrate that can support the growth of plants.
Transported soil
Stratagraphic formation
Upper mantle
Soil
6. Magma type; contains about 52% to 66% silica. Name indicates that these magmas have a composition between that of felsic and mafic magma.
The core
Volcanic blocks/bombs
Hot spots
Intermediate
7. Type of sedimentary rock; rocks whose grains are stuck together by cement.
Cross beds
Clastic
Deposition
Compaction
8. The resistance to flow of magma. Reflects its distinct silica content - for silica tends to polymerize - meaning it links up to form long - chainlike molecules whose presence slows down the flowing ability of magma. Thus felsic magmas flow less easil
Spreading rate
Mineral
Bedding
Viscosity
9. The shape of the sea floor surface. Investigation of the sea-floor revealed the presence of several important features: mid-ocean ridges - deep-ocean trenches - seamount chains - and fracture zones.
Bathymetry
Explosive eruptions
Mafic
Seamount chains
10. Sedimentary rocks made up of minerals that precipitate directly from water solutions.
Rocks
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Transform plate boundary
Geothermal gradient
11. In degrees Celsius - the high temperatures at which igneous rocks freeze; the freezing of liquid melt to form solid igneous rock represents the same phenomenon as the freezing of water - except at much higher temperatures.
Extrusive igneous rock
Transition zone
collision
650-1100 degrees C
12. Mineral class; consist of a metal cation bonded to a sulfide anion. Examples - galena and pyrite. Many have a metallic luster. Can also be considered ores with high proportions of metal within the mineral.
Lava tube
Felsic
Rock composition
Sulfides
13. The force that subducting plates apply to oceanic lithosphere at a convergent boundary - arises simply because lithosphere formed 10 million years ago is denser than asthenosphere - so it can sink into the asthenosphere. Thus once an oceanic plate st
Sulfides
Bathymetry
Slab-pull force
Evaporites
14. Most common mineral on Earth; compose over 95% of the continental crust. Consist of combinations of a fundamental building block called silicon-oxygen tetrahedron - different groups: independent tetrahedra - single chains - double chains - sheet sili
Chemical weathering
Transition zone
Silicate minerals
Metamorphic rocks
15. Because different soil-forming processes operate at different depths - soils typically develop into these distinct zones. These zones can be arranged vertically into a soil profile.
Columnar jointing
Soil Horizons
Why magma rises
Rocks
16. Magma type; contains about 45% to 52% silica. Named because it produces rock containing abundant mafic minerals - magnesium and iron combinations.
Marine magnetic anomaly
Cross beds
Lower mantle
Mafic
17. Blocks of rock that are solid and durable but composed of rough quartz sand grains cemented together.
Geothermal gradient
Regolith
Sandstone
Factors of magma cooling time
18. The separated lithosphere into distinct pieces. Twelve major 'pieces' and several minor. Consist of active margins and passive margins between them.
Jointing
Glass
Apparent polar-wander path
Plates
19. The bottom portion of the upper mantle - the interval lying between 400km and 660km deep. Here within the Earth - the character of the mantle undergoes a series of abrupt changes.
Phreatomagmatic eruptions
Transition zone
Rock layering
Subduction
20. A reaction during which an element loses electrons - commonly takes place when elements combine with oxygen.
Oxidation
Rock layering
650-1100 degrees C
Biochemical sedimentary rocks
21. Theory confirmed by 1968 - geologists had developed the complete model of continental drift - sea-floor spreading - and subduction. Within this model - Earth's lithosphere consists of about 20 distinct pieces - or plates - that move relative to each
Volcano
Cementation
Andesitic lava flows
Plate tectonics
22. Type of lava flow; the most viscous of any lava flow because it is the most silicic and the coolest in nature. Tends to accumulate in a lava dome above the vent or in short and bulbous flows 1 to 2 km long.
Ultramafic
Turbidite
Crystalline
Rhyolitic lava flows
23. Distinguishing feature of magma; Because not all minerals melt by the same amount under given conditions - and because chemical reactions take place during melting - the magma that forms as a rock begins to melt does not have the same composition as
Glassy igneous rocks
Plates
Cementation
Partial melting
24. Rocks with a fragmental texture consist of igneous fragments that are packed together - welded together - or cemented together after having solidified. Examples - pyroclastic rocks such as tuff or breccia.
Solid-state diffusion
Organic sedimentary rocks
Fragmental igneous rocks
Quartz sandstone
25. During this process - water chemically reacts with minerals and breaks them down - working faster in slightly acidic water.
triple junction
Quartz sandstone
Frost wedging
Hydrolysis
26. Distinguishing feature of magma; the process where magma sits in a magma chamber before completely solidifying - it may incorporate chemicals derived from the walls rocks of the chamber.
Ignimbrite
C-horizon
Assimilation
Fractional crystallization
27. A sediment-filled depression; in an area where the lithosphere has subsided.
Sedimentary Basins
Magnetic inclination
Extrusive igneous rock
Asthenosphere
28. The absorption of water into the crystal structure of minerals - causes some minerals to expand.
Lithification
Volcanic blocks/bombs
Streak
Hydration
29. The transformation of loose sediment into solid rock.
Mafic
Stoping
Lithification
Arkose
30. Physical property of a mineral; a measure of a minerals relative ability to resist scratching - and therefore represents the resistance of bonds in the crystal structure being broken. The atoms or ions in crystals of a hard mineral are more strongly
Hardness
Hot spots
Phreatomagmatic eruptions
3.5km (2 miles)
31. Mineral class; the anion within these types of minerals is a halogen ion (such as chlorine or fluorine).
Cross beds
Halides
Explosive eruptions
Ultramafic
32. Hot basaltic lava that erupts with such low viscosity that it can flow tens to hundreds of kilometers across the landscape.
Laccolith
Area of igneous activity
Dolostone
Flood basalts
33. Type of lava flow; mafic - low viscosity - extremely hot - flows very quickly.
Residual soil
Basaltic lava flows
Stoping
Pangaea
34. Chemical weathering during Which minerals dissolve into water.
Rocks
Dissolution
Continental drift hypothesis
Convective flow
35. Highest soil horizon; consists almost entirely of organic matter and contains barely any mineral matter. Surface level has 'litter' and deeper it contains 'humus'. Part of the zone of leaching.
Regolith
Special properties of minerals
Strata
O-horizon
36. Cause of melting; when magma rises up from the mantle into the crust - it brings heat with it which raises the temperature of the surrounding crustal rock - and in some cases melting occurs.
Intermediate
Bed
Crystal habit
Heat transfer
37. A mafic rock with small grains. Extrusive - aphanitic igneous rock.
Basalt
Conglomerate
Strata
Magnetic inclination
38. Physical property of a mineral; results from the way a mineral interacts with light. A mineral absorbs certain wavelengths - so the color seen represents the color wavelengths the mineral did not absorb.
Color
Quartz sandstone
Siltstone and mudstone
Continental shelf
39. Sedimentary rocks consisting of carbon-rich relicts of plants.
Crystal
Organic sedimentary rocks
Transform plate boundary
Shield volcano
40. Magma viscosity depends upon temperature - volatile content - and silica content. Hotter magma - more volatiles - and mafic magma all have less viscosity.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
41. Forms a 2885-km-thick layer surrounding the core. In terms of volume - it is the largest part of the Earth. It consists entirely of ultramafic rock - peridotite.
Mantle
Rock layering
Ultramafic
Pyroclastic flows
42. Form from grains that break off preexisting rock and become cemented together - or from minerals that precipitate out of a water solution.
Heat transfer
Thermal expansion
Outer core
Sedimentary rocks
43. Rocks that consist of mineral crystals that intergrow when the melt solidifies - interlocking structure. Examples - granite and rhyolite.
Mineral crystal destruction
Crystalline igneous rocks
Granite
Felsic - intermediate - mafic - ultramafic
44. Core division; between 2900 and 5155km deep. Liquid iron alloy - it exists as a liquid because the temperature here is so high that even the great pressures squeezing the region cannot lock atoms into a solid framework. This liquid iron alloy is able
Transform fault
Differential weathering
Coal
Outer core
45. The distance that the world's deepest mine-shaft penetrates into the Earth beneath South Africa.
Mid-ocean ridges
Rock texture
3.5km (2 miles)
Clastic
46. Rocks which develop when hot molten rock cools and freezes solid.
Geothermal gradient
Fragmental igneous rocks
Igneous rocks
Lava domes
47. The display of the pattern of atoms or ions within a mineral. Meaning that the shape of one part of a mineral is a mirror image of the shape of another part.
Erosion
Symmetry
Metals
Magnetic declination
48. Distinguishing feature of magma; the process where different magmas formed in different locations from different sources may come in contact within a magma chamber prior to freezing. Thus the originally distinct magmas mix to create a new - different
Lithification
Conchoidal fractures
Magma mixing
Facets
49. Process occurring after sediment has been compacted - can then be bounded together to make coherent sedimentary rock. Binding material consists of minerals (commonly quartz or calcite).
Cementation
Batholiths
Transition zone
Ignimbrite
50. A column of very hot rock that flows upward until it reaches the base of the lithosphere. In this model - such deep-mantle plumes form because heat rising from the Earth's core is warming rock at the base of the mantle. A possible explanation to the
Relative plate velocity
Ignimbrite
Magnetic reversals
Mantle plume