Test your basic knowledge |

Subject : science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Measure of pressure or push in units of force - per unit area. 1 atm = 1.04 kilograms per square centimeter.






2. A thick accumulation of sediment (10-15km) - the surface of this sediment layer is this broad - shallow region.






3. Cause of melting; when magma rises up from the mantle into the crust - it brings heat with it which raises the temperature of the surrounding crustal rock - and in some cases melting occurs.






4. Type of igneous rock composition; composed of light-colored silicates - very rich in felsic (feldspar and silica). Major constituent of continental crust.






5. Physical property of a mineral; represents the density of a mineral - as specified by the ratio between the weight of a volume of the mineral and the weight of an equal volume of water a 4 degrees C.






6. A rock made of solid mass of glass - or of tiny crystals surrounded by glass. Reflect light as glass does and tend to break conchoidally. Examples - obsidian - tachylite - pumice.






7. Lava flowing on dry land cools more slowly that lava erupting underwater.






8. Form when solid materials become hot and transform into liquid - example - molten rock.






9. A plate boundary at which one plate slips along the side of another plate. No new plate is formed and no old plate is consumed. But the grinding between the plates generates frequent and destructive earthquakes.






10. A cut and finished stone ready to be used in jewelry. Examples - diamond - ruby - sapphire - emerald.






11. Natural bond connecting rocks; mineral material that precipitates from water and fills the space between grains.






12. Similar to ripples - but are much larger. Small ripples often form on the surface of these structures.






13. A linear belt in which continental lithosphere pulls apart - the lithosphere stretches horizontally.






14. Mineral class; the molecule CO23 serves as the anionic group. Elements like calcium or magnesium bond to this group. Examples - calcite and dolomite.






15. Farther down from a zone of leaching - new mineral crystals precipitate directly out of the water or form when the water reacts with debris - this the region where the new minerals and clay collect.






16. An insulated - tunnel-like conduit through which lava moves within a flow.






17. Chemical weathering during Which minerals dissolve into water.






18. Some rock bodies appear to contain distinct formations - defined either by bands of different compositions or textures - or by the alignment of inequant grains so that they trend parallel to one another.






19. Sedimentary rock consisting of cemented together solid fragments and grains derived from preexisting rocks.






20. Volcanic landform; bulbous mass of congealed lava - associated with explosive eruptions of gas-rich magma.






21. When water is trapped in a joint freezes - it forces the joint open and may cause the joint to grow.






22. Physical property of a mineral; refers to the color of a powder produced by pulverizing the mineral. Provides a fairly reliable clue to the mineral's identity - since the color of the mineral powder tends to be less variable than the color of the who






23. Irregular or blob-shaped intrusions that range in size from tens of meters across to tens of kilometers across.






24. A distinctive sequence of strata traced across a fairly large region. For example - a region may contain a succession of alternating sandstone and shale beds deposited by rivers - overlain by beds of marine limestone deposited later.






25. The fit of the continents - locations of past glaciations - the distribution of equatorial climatic belts - the distribution of fossils - and matching geologic units.






26. Places with particularly voluminous quantities of magma erupting or intruding.






27. Places where intrusive igneous rock creates tabular intrusions cutting across rock that does not have layering - this nearly vertical - wall-like tabular intrusions is formed. Cut across layering within the earth.






28. Soil section below the A-horizon; a soil level that has undergone substantial leaching but has not yet mixed with organic material. Because it lacks organic materials - this horizon tends to be lighter than the A-horizon. Part of the zone of leaching






29. Core division; between 2900 and 5155km deep. Liquid iron alloy - it exists as a liquid because the temperature here is so high that even the great pressures squeezing the region cannot lock atoms into a solid framework. This liquid iron alloy is able






30. Magma type; contains only about 38% to 45% silica. Extreme form of mafic magma.






31. Active hot-spot volcanoes commonly occur at the end of a chain of dead volcanoes.






32. Heat from an intense surface fire bakes and expands the outer layer of the rock. On cooling - the layer contracts - causing the outer part of the rock spall - or break off in sheet-like pieces.






33. A type of soil consisting of about 10-30% clay and the rest silt and sand. Pores remain between grains so that water and air can pass through and roots can easily penetrate.






34. Perhaps the cause for the large igneous provinces; formations within the mantle - plumes that bring up vastly more hot asthenosphere than normal plumes.






35. Some minerals have distinctive properties - such as calcite which reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide. Dolomite also reacts with acid - graphite can make clear markings - magnetite attracts a magnet - halite tastes salty -






36. Mineral crystal formation type; form from a solidification of a melt - meaning the freezing of a liquid.






37. Fluid basaltic lava extruded from crustal fractures called fissures.






38. Type of volcano; built from ejected lava fragments - cone shaped piles of tephra - steep slope angle - smaller in size - frequently occur in groups - deep craters.






39. Sea-floor spreading proponents - Hess and others realized that in order for the circumference of the Earth to remain constant through time - ocean floor must eventually sink back into the mantle. This sinking process consumes the ocean floor between






40. A name for any kind of unconsolidated debris that covers bedrock. Includes both soil and accumulations of sediment that have not evolved into soil.






41. Type of lava flow; mafic - low viscosity - extremely hot - flows very quickly.






42. Clast size - clast composition - angularity and sphericity - sorting - and character of cement.






43. Distinguishing feature of magma; the process where magma changes composition as it cools because formation and sinking of crystals preferentially remove certain atoms from the magma.






44. Equant - meaning that they have the same dimensions in all directions. Or inequant - meaning their dimensions are not the same in all directions.






45. Most common mineral on Earth; compose over 95% of the continental crust. Consist of combinations of a fundamental building block called silicon-oxygen tetrahedron - different groups: independent tetrahedra - single chains - double chains - sheet sili






46. Molten rock beneath Earth's surface.






47. The layering nature of sedimentary rocks - surface features of layers formed during deposition - and the arrangement of grains within layers.






48. Inorganic limestone; rock composed of crystalline calcium carbonate formed by chemical precipitation.






49. Coarse pyroclastic debris - apple to refrigerator-sized fragments. Chunks of preexisting igneous rock or large lava blobs which discharge from volcanic eruptions.






50. Distinct internal laminations within a ripple or dune that are inclined at an angle to the boundary of the main sedimentary layer. Form as a consequence of the evolution of dunes or ripples.