Test your basic knowledge |

Subject : science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Some minerals have distinctive properties - such as calcite which reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide. Dolomite also reacts with acid - graphite can make clear markings - magnetite attracts a magnet - halite tastes salty -






2. Type of lava flow; a lava flow with warm - pasty surfaces wrinkling into smooth - glassy - rope-like bridges.






3. Physical property of a mineral; results from the way a mineral interacts with light. A mineral absorbs certain wavelengths - so the color seen represents the color wavelengths the mineral did not absorb.






4. A mafic rock with large grains. Intrusive - phaneritic igneous rock.






5. A type of carbonate rock; rocks formed from the calcite or aragonite skeletons of organisms form this biochemical sedimentary rock.






6. Along much of the perimeter of the Pacific Ocean - the ocean floor reaches astounding depths of 8-12km. These areas define elongate troughs - and they border volcanic arcs - the curving chains of active volcanoes.






7. Type of soil; forms directly from underlying bedrock.






8. Physical property of a mineral; refers to the way a mineral surface scatters light. Metallic versus non-metallic in nature.






9. Iron (35%) - oxygen (30%) - silicon (15%) - and magnesium (10%) - and the remaining 10% consists of 88 naturally occurring elements.






10. Blocks of rock that are solid and durable but composed of rough quartz sand grains cemented together.






11. Sedimentary rocks made up of the shells of organisms.






12. If a stoped block does not melt entirely - but rather becomes surrounded by new igneous rock - it becomes this; xeno - meaning foreign.






13. The resistance to flow of magma. Reflects its distinct silica content - for silica tends to polymerize - meaning it links up to form long - chainlike molecules whose presence slows down the flowing ability of magma. Thus felsic magmas flow less easil






14. Soil section below the O-horizon - humus has decayed further and has mixed with mineral grains (clay - silt - and sand). Water percolating through this horizon causes chemical weathering reactions to occur and produces ions in solution and new clay m






15. A place where three plate boundaries intersect at a point.






16. The absorption of water into the crystal structure of minerals - causes some minerals to expand.






17. Places with particularly voluminous quantities of magma erupting or intruding.






18. An insulated - tunnel-like conduit through which lava moves within a flow.






19. A layer of sediment in which grain size varies from coarse at the bottom to fine at the top.






20. Rocks which develop when hot molten rock cools and freezes solid.






21. Type of sedimentary soil/rock; Calcite in a pedocal soil accumulates in the B-horizon and may cement soil together - creating this solid mass.






22. A felsic rock with large grains. Intrusive - phaneritic igneous rock.






23. Type of rock; accumulated sand bars - within are mineral grains of quartz and feldspar - this sediment if buried and lithified.






24. An ultramafic rock with large grains. intrusive - phaneritic igneous rock.






25. Volcanic landform; steep walled depression at the summit - size exceeds one kilometer in diameter.






26. Type of volcanic eruption; pyroclastic - produce clouds and avalanches of pyroclastic debris. Gas expands in the rising magma - cannot escape. The pressure becomes so great that it blasts the lava - and volcanic rock - out of the volcano.






27. The injection of magma within the magma chamber and conduit generates an outward pressure within the volcano. The presence of gas within the magma increases this pressure - as gas expands greatly as it rises toward the Earth's surface. Rhyolitic and






28. A sedimentary bed that has developed a reddish color. The red comes from a film of iron oxide (hematite) that forms on grain surfaces.






29. A thick accumulation of sediment (10-15km) - the surface of this sediment layer is this broad - shallow region.






30. By melting - dissolving - or other chemical reactions.






31. The process by which sediment settles out of the transporting medium.






32. When silt and clay accumulate in the flat areas bordering a stream - lagoon - or delta - the silt when lithified becomes this type of sediment. And the mud - when lithified - becomes another type of sediment - also known as shale.






33. Actively slipping segment of a fracture zone between two ocean ridge segments - these faults make a third type of plate boundary - transforms.






34. A single layer of sediment or sedimentary rock with a recognizable top and bottom.






35. A process occurring when the sea level rises - the coast migrates inland. Through this - an extensive layer of beach forms.






36. Cause of melting; magma can also form at locations where chemicals called volatiles mix with hot mantle rock. Elements such as water and carbon dioxide mix with hot rock - helping to break chemical bonds - so that if you add volatiles to a solid - ho






37. Mineral class; consist of pure masses of a single metal - with metallic bonds. Copper and gold can appear in this way.






38. Type of soil; forms from sediment that has been carried in from elsewhere. Include those formed from deposits left by rivers - glaciers - or wind.






39. Heat from an intense surface fire bakes and expands the outer layer of the rock. On cooling - the layer contracts - causing the outer part of the rock spall - or break off in sheet-like pieces.






40. Irregular or blob-shaped intrusions that range in size from tens of meters across to tens of kilometers across.






41. A pluton formation theory; a process during Which magma assimilates wall rock - and blocks of wall rock break off and sink into the magma.






42. Unconsolidated deposits of pyroclastic grains - regardless of size - that have been erupted from a volcano constitute these pyroclastic deposits.






43. A column of very hot rock that flows upward until it reaches the base of the lithosphere. In this model - such deep-mantle plumes form because heat rising from the Earth's core is warming rock at the base of the mantle. A possible explanation to the






44. Measure of pressure or push in units of force - per unit area. 1 atm = 1.04 kilograms per square centimeter.






45. Pea to plum-sized fragments of pyroclastic debris - consists of pumice or scoria fragments.






46. Distinguishing feature of magma; the process where different magmas formed in different locations from different sources may come in contact within a magma chamber prior to freezing. Thus the originally distinct magmas mix to create a new - different






47. Distinguishing feature of magma; Because not all minerals melt by the same amount under given conditions - and because chemical reactions take place during melting - the magma that forms as a rock begins to melt does not have the same composition as






48. Refers to the processes that break up and corrode solid rock - eventually transforming it into sediment. Physical and chemical variations.






49. Volcanic landform; pipes are short conduits that connect a magma chamber to the surface.






50. A cut and finished stone ready to be used in jewelry. Examples - diamond - ruby - sapphire - emerald.