SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Geology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Magma is less dense than surrounding rock - and thus is buoyant. Magma is less dense both because rock expands as it melts and because magma tends to contain smaller proportions of heavy elements. Also - magma rises because the weight of overlying ro
Pangaea
Why magma rises
E-horizon
Marine magnetic anomaly
2. Materials that easily transform into gas at the relatively low temperatures found at the Earth's surface.
Regolith
Volatiles
Continental rift
Biomineralization
3. Mineral group; olivine group - pyroxene group - amphibole group.
Basaltic composition
Siltstone and mudstone
Hydration
Dark Silicates
4. Type of volcano; broad and slightly domed - primarily made of basaltic lava - large and erupt large volumes of lava. Form from either low viscosity basaltic lava or from large pyroclastic sheets.
Batholiths
Soil erosion
Shield volcano
Biochemical sedimentary rocks
5. Solids composed of metal atoms (such as iron - aluminum - copper - and tin). Within this type of solid - outer electrons are able to flow freely.
Gabbro
Assimilation
Dipole
Metals
6. A mineral's growth that is uninhibited - has well-formed crystal faces.
Euhedral crystal
Residual soil
Fissure eruptions/lava plateaus
Melts
7. When different rocks in an outcrop undergo weathering at different rates.
Differential weathering
Plate tectonics
Oxides
pahoehoe
8. A process occurring when the sea level rises - the coast migrates inland. Through this - an extensive layer of beach forms.
Crystal lattice
Transgression
Zone of accumulation
Lava
9. A process occurring when sea level falls - the coast migrates seaward.
Regression
650-1100 degrees C
Streak
Chert
10. Mineral class; consist of a metal cation bonded to a sulfide anion. Examples - galena and pyrite. Many have a metallic luster. Can also be considered ores with high proportions of metal within the mineral.
Sulfides
Silicates
Mid-ocean ridges
Symmetry
11. Two different minerals which have the same composition but have different crystal structures.
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Batholiths
Polymorphs
Marine magnetic anomaly
12. Layering in sedimentary rocks.
Stratagraphic formation
Explosive eruptions
Fissure eruptions/lava plateaus
Bedding
13. Refers to the proportions of different chemicals making up the rock - and thus the proportion chemicals affects the proportions of different minerals constituting the rock.
Rock composition
Crystalline
Basaltic composition
Regression
14. A felsic rock with large grains. Intrusive - phaneritic igneous rock.
Convergent plate boundary
Glass
Factors classifying clastic sedimentary rocks
Granite
15. Lava flowing on dry land cools more slowly that lava erupting underwater.
Source rock composition
The effect of the environment on eruptive style
Volatiles
Laterite
16. Sedimentary rocks consisting of carbon-rich relicts of plants.
12km
Organic sedimentary rocks
Carbonates
Upper mantle
17. Distinguishing feature of magma; the process where magma sits in a magma chamber before completely solidifying - it may incorporate chemicals derived from the walls rocks of the chamber.
Euhedral crystal
Transform fault
Melts
Assimilation
18. A term used for all the physical - chemical - and biological processes that transform sediment into sedimentary rock and that alter characteristics of sedimentary rock one the rock has formed.
Silicate minerals
Diagenesis
O-horizon
B-horizon
19. Mineral class; the fundamental component within these types of minerals in the Earth's crust is the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron anionic group - a silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms that are arranged to define the corners of a tetrahedron - a
Turbidity current
Dike
Silicates
pahoehoe
20. Chemical weathering occurring in warm - wet climates can produce a layer of rotten rock - over 100km thick.
Saprolite
Silicate minerals
Limestone
Marine magnetic anomaly
21. Carbon-containing compounds that either occur in living organisms - or have characteristics that resemble the molecules within living organisms. Examples - oil - protein - plastic - fat - and rubber.
Physical weathering
Organic chemicals
Tuff
Area of igneous activity
22. Cause of melting; when magma rises up from the mantle into the crust - it brings heat with it which raises the temperature of the surrounding crustal rock - and in some cases melting occurs.
Turbidite
Heat transfer
Phreatomagmatic eruptions
Crystal structure
23. Similar to ripples - but are much larger. Small ripples often form on the surface of these structures.
Crystal lattice
Geothermal gradient
Mineral crystal destruction
Dunes
24. The way in which the atoms are packed together within a mineral by chemical bonds. Five difference types of bonding can occur - covalent - ionic - metallic - Van der Waal's - and hydrogen.
Alloy
Sandstone
Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs)
Crystal structure
25. A name for any kind of unconsolidated debris that covers bedrock. Includes both soil and accumulations of sediment that have not evolved into soil.
Regolith
Basaltic magma
Rock composition
Andesitic lava flows
26. An envelope of gas surrounding Earth consisting of 78% nitrogen (N2) and 28% oxygen (O2) - with minor amounts 1% of argon - carbon dioxide - methane - etc. And 99% of the gas in the atmosphere lies below 50km.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
27. Process that occurs after the sediment has been buried - pressure cause by the overburden squeezes out water and air that had been trapped between clasts - and the clasts press together tightly.
Xenolith
Compaction
Ultramafic
Inner core
28. Volcanoes that exist as isolated points and appear to be independent of movement at a plate boundary - hot-spot volcanoes. Mostly are located on the interior of plates - away from boundaries.
Hot spots
Clastic sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks
Volatiles
29. The record of paleomagnetism revealed that the location of Earth's magnetic poles had been changing through geologic time. This 'wandering' meant that Earth's magnetic poles do not move with respect to fixed continents. Rather - continents move relat
Gabbro
Lithification
Apparent polar-wander path
Streak
30. Sedimentary rocks made up of minerals that precipitate directly from water solutions.
Shield volcano
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Transform plate boundary
Dipole
31. Type of volcanic eruption; produce mainly lava flows - yield low-viscosity basaltic lavas.
Bathymetry
Source rock composition
Effusive eruptions
Carbonates
32. Physical property of a mineral; refers to the way a mineral surface scatters light. Metallic versus non-metallic in nature.
Dipole
Root wedging
Rock composition
Luster
33. Type of soil; forms directly from underlying bedrock.
Paleomagnetism
Transition zone
Mineral
Residual soil
34. Chemical weathering during Which minerals dissolve into water.
Igneous rocks
Dissolution
Continental rift
Diagenesis
35. Type of sedimentary soil/rock; Calcite in a pedocal soil accumulates in the B-horizon and may cement soil together - creating this solid mass.
The effect of the environment on eruptive style
Upper mantle
Caliche
Dipole
36. Physical property of a mineral; different minerals fracture in different ways - depending on the internal arrangement of atoms. If a mineral breaks to form distinct planar surfaces that have a specific orientation in relation to the crystal structure
Fracture and cleavage
Felsic
Thermal expansion
Mantle
37. Relatively small - elongated ridges that form on a bed surface at right angles to the direction of the current flow of the rock.
Composite cone (stratovolcano)
Ripples
Granitic composition
Alloy
38. The ocean floor is diced up by narrow bands of vertical fractures. Lie roughly at right angles to mid-ocean ridges - effectively segmenting the ridges into small pieces.
Depositional environment
Granitic magma
Transform fault
Fracture zones
39. Irregular or blob-shaped intrusions that range in size from tens of meters across to tens of kilometers across.
Salt wedging
Plutons
Organic chemicals
Marine magnetic anomaly
40. Distinguishing feature of magma; the composition of the melt reflects the composition of the solid from which it was derived. Not all magmas form from the same source rock - therefore not all magmas have the same compositions.
Dike
Sandstone
Magnetic inclination
Source rock composition
41. Process occurring after sediment has been compacted - can then be bounded together to make coherent sedimentary rock. Binding material consists of minerals (commonly quartz or calcite).
12km
Cementation
Saprolite
Facets
42. Mineral crystal formation type; form from a solution - meaning that atoms - molecules - or ions dissolved in water bond together out of water.
Precipitation
Intrusive igneous rock
Root wedging
Laterite
43. In addition to islands that rise above sea level - seamounts have been detected (isolated submarine mountains) - once volcanoes but no longer erupt.
Lower mantle
Seamount chains
Differential weathering
Evaporites
44. Magma type; contains about 66% to 76% silica. Name reflects the occurrence of feldspar and quartz in rocks formed in this magma.
O-horizon
E-horizon
Felsic
Carbonates
45. When water is trapped in a joint freezes - it forces the joint open and may cause the joint to grow.
Geothermal gradient
Frost wedging
Earth's atmosphere
Superplumes
46. Some minerals have distinctive properties - such as calcite which reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide. Dolomite also reacts with acid - graphite can make clear markings - magnetite attracts a magnet - halite tastes salty -
Five steps of clastic sedimentary rock formation
Special properties of minerals
collision
Dolostone
47. Some rock bodies appear to contain distinct formations - defined either by bands of different compositions or textures - or by the alignment of inequant grains so that they trend parallel to one another.
Siliceous rocks
Ultramafic
Rock layering
Dark Silicates
48. Molten rock that has flowed out onto Earth's surface.
Seamount chains
Lava
Intrusive igneous rock
Relative plate velocity
49. Physical property of a mineral; a measure of a minerals relative ability to resist scratching - and therefore represents the resistance of bonds in the crystal structure being broken. The atoms or ions in crystals of a hard mineral are more strongly
Hardness
Volatiles
Siliceous rocks
Chemical weathering
50. Magma type; contains only about 38% to 45% silica. Extreme form of mafic magma.
Siltstone and mudstone
Turbidite
Ultramafic
Area of igneous activity