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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Cell Biology: Cell Cycle
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Subjects
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gre
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science
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biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A cell'S endowment of DNA
Cell Division in Dinoflagellates
Sub phases of Interphase
Genome
Prometaphase
2. All body cells except the reproductive ones. The nuclei of human somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes made up of two sets of 23 - one set inherited from each parent.
Somatic Cells
Prometaphase
Cell Cycle Control System
Five Stages of Mitosis
3. Second phase of interphase. The phase in which chromosomes are duplicated. Occurs between G1 and G2 phase.
Mitogen
S Phase
Metaphase
Cell Cycle Control System
4. A phenomenon in which crowded cells stop dividing. When a cell population reaches a certain density - the availability of nutrients becomes insufficient to allow continued cell growth and division. Not exhibited in cancer cells.
Mitosis
Diatoms
Interphase
Density-dependent Inhibition
5. A nonmembranous organelle that functions throughout the cell cycle to organize the cell'S microtubules. A pair of centrioles is located at the center of the centrosome - but the centrioles are not essential for cell division (most centrosomes of plan
Centrosome
Cell Cycle
Mitotic Spindle
G1 Phase
6. Most genes are carried on a single bacterial chromosome that consists of a circular DNA molecule and associated proteins. The process begins when the DNA of the bacterial chromosome begins to replicate at the origin of replication - producing two or
Somatic Cells
G2 Phase
Cell Division in Bacteria (e.g. E. Coli)
Kinetochore Microtubules
7. 'Maturation-promoting Factor' or 'M-Phase-promoting Factor' Example of cell cycle control molecules.The cyclin-Cdk complex that was first discovered. Triggers the cells passage past the G2 checkpoint into M phase by phosphorylating a variety of prot
Metaphase Plate
MPF
Anchorage Dependence
Mitotic Phase
8. Experiments have demonstrated that the sequential events of the cell cycle are directed by this cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle.
Cell Division in Dinoflagellates
G1 Phase
Cell Cycle Control System
Telophase
9. Begins to form in the cytoplasm during prophase. Consists of fibers made of microtubules - centrosomes and associated proteins. While it assembles - other microtubules of the cytoskeleton partially disassemble - probably providing the material used t
Origin of Replication
Mitotic Spindle
Dinoflagellates
Cell Plate
10. The division of the nucleus
Cell Plate
Five Stages of Mitosis
Cell Division in Dinoflagellates
Mitosis
11. A part of the cell cycle - which includes both mitosis and cytokinesis.
Mitotic Phase
Gametes
Anaphase
Protein Kinases that drive the Cell Cycle (Cdks)
12. A type of cell division that prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) undergo to reproduce.
Centromere
Binary Fission
Cell Plate
Five Stages of Mitosis
13. Each duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids. Each contain an identical DNA molecule and are initially attached by adhesive proteins all along their lengths. Are most closely attached to one another at the centromere.
Cell Cycle Control Molecules
Sister Chromatids
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
MPF
14. Second phase of mitosis. The nuclear envelope fragments. The microtubules of the spindle can now invade the nuclear area and interact with the chromosome - which have become even more condensed. Microtubules extend from each centrosome towards the m
Cytokinesis in Plant Cells
Gametes
Prometaphase
Cyclins that drive the Cell Cycle
15. What eukaryotic chromosomes are made of. A complex of DNA and associated protein molecules.
Chromatin
Cell Division in Dinoflagellates
Kinetochore Microtubules
G2 Phase
16. Third phase of mitosis. The longest stage of mitosis (~20mins). The centrosome are now at opposite ends of the cell. The chromosomes convene on the metaphase plate. For each chromosome - the kinetochores of the sister chromatids are attached to kinet
Origin of Replication
Metaphase
Prometaphase
Density-dependent Inhibition
17. A protein that promotes mitosis. Often called a growth factor though.
Cytokinesis
Mitogen
Density-dependent Inhibition
Chromosomes
18. First phase of interphase. Major period of cell growth. Most variable length in length for all the phases in different types of cells.
Anchorage Dependence
MPF
Interphase
G1 Phase
19. A variation of cell division in which you produce gametes - which yields nonidentical daughter cells that have only one set of chromosomes - thus half as many chromosomes as the parent cell. Only occurs in the gonads (ovaries and testes).
Mitosis
Genome
Benign Tumor
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
20. The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site.
Metastasis
Mitosis
Gametes
Anchorage Dependence
21. First phase of Mitosis. The chromatin fibers become more tightly coiled - condensing into discrete chromosomes observable with a light microscope. Nucleoli disappear. Each duplicated chromosome appears as two identical sister chromatids joined togeth
Interphase
Genome
Prophase
Somatic Cells
22. Proteins that get their name from their cyclically fluctuating concentration in the cell. Activate kinases when the attach to them.
Cell Division in Dinoflagellates
Checkpoint (in the cell cycle control system)
Mitogen
Cyclins that drive the Cell Cycle
23. Could be an example of cases where ancestral mechanisms have remained relatively unchanged over evolutionary time. The nuclear envelope remains intact during cell division. The microtubules for a spindle within the nucleus and then separate the chrom
Cytokinesis
Metaphase
Protein Kinases that drive the Cell Cycle (Cdks)
Cell Division in Diatoms
24. The narrow 'waist' at a specialized region where two chromatids are most closely attached.
Centrosome
Centromere
Interphase
Cell Cycle Control Molecules
25. The process by which cytokinesis occurs in animal cells. The first sign of this beginning is the appearance of a cleavage furrow.
Cleavage
Binary Fission
Somatic Cells
Cell Plate
26. The last phase of interphase - occurring after the S phase. Cell continues to grow but also completes preparations for cell division. In this phase - chromosomes that duplicated during S phase cannot be seen individually because they have not condens
Cell Division
Anaphase
Kinetochore Microtubules
G2 Phase
27. The life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells.
Five Stages of Mitosis
Cell Cycle
Anaphase
Telophase
28. G1 phase (first gap) - S phase ('Synthesis') - and G2 phase (second gap). During all phases - the cell grows by producing proteins and cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria and the ER.
Cell Cycle Control Molecules
Cytokinesis
Mitosis
Sub phases of Interphase
29. The nondividing state in the cell cycle. If a cell does not receive a go-ahead signal in the G1 phase - it will exit the cycle and switch into this state. In the human body - fully formed - mature nerve and muscle cells are in this state and never di
MPF
G0 Phase
Five Stages of Mitosis
Mitosis
30. No cleavage furrow. During telophase - vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus move along microtubules to the middle of the cell - where they coalesce - producing the cell plate.
Metastasis
Cell Division in Diatoms
Growth Factor
Cytokinesis in Plant Cells
31. A specific protein release by certain cells that stimulates other cells to divide.
Anaphase
Mitotic Spindle
Growth Factor
Kinetochore
32. A type of unicellular protist. Mostly marine plankton.
Checkpoint (in the cell cycle control system)
G0 Phase
Cytokinesis in Plant Cells
Dinoflagellates
33. An imaginary plane that is equidistant between the spindle'S two poles where the chromosome'S centromeres lie during metaphase.
Centromere
Cell Division in Dinoflagellates
Metaphase Plate
Sub phases of Interphase
34. A structure of proteins associated with specific sections of chromosomal DNA at the centromere. Each of the two sister chromatids has one. The chromosome'S two kinetochores face in opposite directions and during prometaphase - some of the spindle mic
Anchorage Dependence
Kinetochore
G0 Phase
Protein Kinases that drive the Cell Cycle (Cdks)
35. A shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate. Indicates the beginning of cleavage during cytokinesis. On the cytoplasmic side of the furrow is a contractile ring of actin microfilaments associated with molecules of the protein my
Interphase
Cleavage Furrow
Sister Chromatids
Binary Fission
36. A critical control point where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cycle. Signals often report whether crucial cellular processes up to that point have been completed correctly and thus whether or not the cell cycle should proceed. Also regis
Malignant Tumor
Metastasis
Cell Plate
Checkpoint (in the cell cycle control system)
37. Two main types: kinases and cyclins.
Cell Division
Centrosome
Cell Cycle Control Molecules
Origin of Replication
38. Reproductive cells--sperm and egg cells. Have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells. Have one set of 23 chromosomes in humans.
Mitotic Spindle
Metaphase
Gametes
Cell Plate
39. Could be an example of cases where ancestral mechanisms have remained relatively unchanged over evolutionary time. The nuclear envelope remains intact during cell division and the chromosomes attach to the nuclear envelope. Microtubules pass through
Mitotic Spindle
Growth Factor
Cell Division in Dinoflagellates
Metaphase Plate
40. The reproduction of cells
Cell Plate
S Phase
Prophase
Cell Division
41. Usually immediately follows mitosis. The division of the cytoplasm of a cell-where one cell becomes two - each genetically equivalent to the parent cell. Involves the formation of a cleavage furrow - which pinches the cell in two.
Cytokinesis
Cell Plate
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
Genome
42. Made by platelets (blood cells). Required for the division of fibroblasts (a type of connective tissue cell that synthesizes the ECM and collagen and is important in wound healing): fibroblasts have PDGF receptors that are tyrosine kinases on their p
Cell Division
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
Chromosomes
Density-dependent Inhibition
43. The spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores during prometaphase. During anaphase - the kinetochore microtubules shorten at their kinetochore end - not their spindle pore ends. Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that the prima
Cell Division in Dinoflagellates
G1 Phase
Mitosis
Kinetochore Microtubules
44. Abnormal cells remain at the original sight after transformation (the process that converts normal cells to cancer cells). Usually do not cause serious problems and can be removed by surgery.
Interphase
Density-dependent Inhibition
G1 Phase
Benign Tumor
45. The last phase (5th) of mitosis before cytokinesis. Two daughter nuclei begin to form in the cell. Nuclear envelopes arise from the fragments of the parent cell'S nuclear envelope and other portions of the endomembrane system. The chromosomes become
Mitosis
Five Stages of Mitosis
Somatic Cells
Telophase
46. Where the DNA molecules are packaged into. Each eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus. Each single chromosome contains one very long - linear DNA molecule that carries several hundred to a few thousand gen
Five Stages of Mitosis
G1 Phase
Sub phases of Interphase
Chromosomes
47. Cyclin-Dependent Kinases.Enzymes that activate or inactive other proteins by phosphorylating them. Particular ones give the go-ahead signals at the G1 and G2 checkpoints. Present at a constant concentration in the growing cell - but much of the time
Protein Kinases that drive the Cell Cycle (Cdks)
Mitosis
Mitotic Spindle
Anaphase
48. Prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - and telophase.
Dinoflagellates
Cell Division
Binary Fission
Five Stages of Mitosis
49. Fourth phase of mitosis. The shortest stage of mitosis. Begins with the two sister chromatids of each pair being pulled apart--each becoming a full fledged chromosome. The two liberated chromosomes begin moving towards opposite ends of the cell - as
Anaphase
Centrosome
Cleavage Furrow
Malignant Tumor
50. A type of unicellular protist.
Aster
Somatic Cells
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates