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GRE Psychology: Clinical And Abnormal Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. B.F. Skinner - Ivan Pavlov - Joseph Wolpe






2. Leader of humanistic movement; hierarchy of needs






3. Secondary process; guided by ego and responds to environment by delaying gratification






4. Aaron Beck






5. Psychopathology is a signal that something wrong in makeup of psyche - clues about how one could be more aware






6. Rollo May - individual constantly strives to rise above a simple behavioral existence and toward genuine and meaningful existence






7. Freud; way in which ego protects self from threatening unconscious material; - repression/denial - rationalization - projection - displacement - reaction formation - compensation - sublimation - identification - undoing - countertransference - dreams






8. Initially: Freud preferred a topographic model of mental life - Then: Mental life was structural - meaning that mental life has particular organization other than layers (ego - id - superego)

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9. No use of diagnostic tools because Rogers believed client-centered therapy applied to any problem






10. Sanguine - high in activity and high in social contribution - healthy






11. Treats family as a whole as client






12. Class of neurotransmitter that dopamine - serotonin - and norepinephrine belongs to






13. Highly directive; therapist leads client to (d)ispute previously applied irrational beliefs






14. Carl Rogers - Person centered/Rogerian theory - humanistic --> it has an optimistic outlook on human nature; - individual have an actualizing tendency that directs them out of conflict and toward full potential - best accomplished in atmosphere that






15. Melancholic - low in activity and low in social contribution - withdrawn






16. Use of medication to treat mental illness - do not cure but some are effective at alleviating symptoms; often used with therapy






17. Ego - id - superego






18. How a therapist feels about his/her patients; analyst'S transfer of unconscious feelings or wishes (central figures in analyst'S life) onto patient






19. Drawing conclusion without solid evidence (e.g. 'Boss hates me because he never asks me to play golf')






20. People work their way up hierarchy toward self-actualization by satisfying needs at the previous level: physiological needs - hunger - thirst - shelter - warmth - safety - security - stability - lack of fear - belonging - love - acceptance - esteem -






21. Provides tools and experience that client can use to be more assertive






22. Jung - universally meaningful concepts - passed through collective unconscious; - allow us to organize experiences with consistent themes and indicated by cross-cultural similarity in symbols - folklore - myths; - Common archetypes: persona - shadow






23. Includes elements of cognitive - behavioural - and emotion theory; intertwined thoughts and feelings produce behavior






24. Imitating a central figure - such as a parent






25. Person'S outer mask - mediator to external world; masks in cultures






26. Used to reduce anxiety or to induce sleep; increases effectiveness of GABA (inhibitory); high potential for causing habituation and addiction; Ex. barbiturates and benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium®) and alprazolam (Xanax®)






27. Phlegmatic - low in activity and high in social contribution - dependent






28. Making too much or little of something (e.g. 'it was luck that I did well')






29. abnormality derived from disturbances of awareness - client may not have insight or fully experience present situation (choosing not to acknowledge certain aspects)






30. Use unconscious messages to become more aware and closer to full potential






31. Allows client to practice new behaviours and responses






32. Act only on serotonin - most frequently prescribed because fewer side effects than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs); Ex. fluoxetine (Prozac®) - paroxetine (Paxil®) - sertraline (Zoloft®)






33. Ritualistic activity to relieve anxiety about unconscious drives






34. 'objects' relationships: real others and one'S internalized image of others;






35. Drug that changes metabolism of alcohol - resulting in severe nausea and vomiting when combined; countercondition alcoholics






36. Lessen the unconscious pressures on the individual by making as much of it conscious as possible - allow the ego to be a better mediator of forces






37. Uses operant principle of negative reinforcement to increase anxiety - anxiety-reaction created where there was none; usually to treat addiction and fetishes






38. Emphasized culture and society over instinct; suggested neuroticism expressed as movement toward - against - and away from people






39. Delivers electric current to brain to induce convulsions; effective for severely depressed patients






40. Abnormal behaviour is the result of learning and conditioning






41. Pavlov'S classical counterconditioning principles to create new responses to stimuli






42. 'Joseph Breuer' the central process in which a patient reports thoughts without censure or guidance - Freud: because unconscious material is always looking for a way out - the patient can uncover and express repressed material through free associatio






43. Emphasized social and interpersonal relationships; what one does is meant to elicit particular reactions






44. In psychotherapy - in reaction to psychoanalysis and behavioralism






45. Emphasizes conscious thought patterns (rather than emotions or behaviours) - interpretation of an experience rather than the experience itself; Beck Depression Inventory






46. To reduce feelings of inferiority and to foster social interest and social contribution in patients






47. Goal is to increase sense of being and meaningfulness - to alleviate neurotic anxiety






48. Based on personal activity and social interest - ruling-dominant type - getting-learning type - avoiding type - socially useful type






49. Ex. phenelzine (Nardil®)






50. Patients are seen 4-5 times a week and for many years - Initially: hypnosis - Then: free association - Transference - countertransference







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