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GRE Psychology: Clinical And Abnormal Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Joseph Wolpe - applies classical conditioning to relieve anxiety - exposed to increasingly anxiety-provoking stimuli until anxiety is decreased - start from staring at a picture of snake and then eventually holding on






2. Memories that serve as representations of important childhood experiences






3. To reduce feelings of inferiority and to foster social interest and social contribution in patients






4. Black and white thinking (e.g. 'if I don'T score 100% I have no future')






5. Imitating a central figure - such as a parent






6. Treating symptoms rather than underlying problem






7. Pioneered object-relations theory and psychoanalysis with children






8. Accusing others of having one'S own unacceptable feelings






9. Ritualistic activity to relieve anxiety about unconscious drives






10. Goal is exploration of awareness and full experiencing of the present; success is connecting client with present existence






11. Carl Gustav Jung - the psyche was directed toward life and awareness (rather than sex) - In each personal the psyche contains conscious and unconscious elements (personal and collective unconscious)






12. The part of mind that contains the unconscious biological drives and wishes - At birth: mental life is composed solely of the id and its biological drives (sex and aggression) - with development - the id also includes unconscious wishes






13. B.F. Skinner - Ivan Pavlov - Joseph Wolpe






14. Psychological tension created when (a)ctivating even occurs - and client has certain (b)eliefs about the event - leading to (c)onsequence of emotional disruption






15. The part of mind that mediates between the environment and the pressures of the id and the superego






16. Safe outlets for unconscious material and wish-fulfillment - valuable for analysts; manifest content provides information about latent content






17. Rollo May - individual constantly strives to rise above a simple behavioral existence and toward genuine and meaningful existence






18. The part of mind that imposes learned or socialized drives - not something one is born with - but develops over time - influenced by moral and parental training






19. Employs principles from cognitive and behavioral theory






20. Donald Meichenbaum - prepares people for foreseeable stressors






21. Like cognitive and behaviour theory - considered too sterile and mechanistic






22. Initially: an individual'S greatest conflict was that between the libido and the ego - Then: the true conflict is that between Eros and Thanatos ('The aim of all life is death')

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23. Therapist engages in a dialogue with client rather than leading toward a goal; client learns from dialogue - and together focus on here-and-now experience rather than talking about the past






24. Unhealthy individuals are too much affected by inferior feelings to pursue the will to power - make excuses or have a 'yes -but' mentality - if they do pursue goals - these are likely to be self-serving and egotistical






25. Unconscious material always looking for a way to discharge repressed emotion






26. Alfred Adler - Adlerian theory - people are viewed as creative - social and whole as opposed to Freud'S more negative and structural approach - process of becoming - Healthy individuals: --> peruse goals in spite of feelings of interiority - --> has






27. Person'S outer mask - mediator to external world; masks in cultures






28. Lessen the unconscious pressures on the individual by making as much of it conscious as possible - allow the ego to be a better mediator of forces






29. Karen Horney and Harry Stack Sullivan - accepted some of freud'S ideas and reject others






30. Directed therapy helps expose and restructure maladaptive thought and reasoning patterns - generally short-term - therapist focuses on tangible evidence of client'S logic (what client says and does)






31. The life instinct - including sex and love






32. Skinner'S operant ideas that behaviour is related only to consequences






33. Maladaptive cognitions lead to abnormal behaviour or disturbed affect; cognitive triad - types of maladaptive cognitions: arbitrary inference - overgeneralization - magnifying/minimizing - personalizing - dichotomous thinking






34. Applied Freud ideas of child psychology and development






35. No use of diagnostic tools because Rogers believed client-centered therapy applied to any problem






36. Emphasized social and interpersonal relationships; what one does is meant to elicit particular reactions






37. Provides tools and experience that client can use to be more assertive






38. Fritz Perls - Max Wertheimer - Kurt Koffka






39. Abnormal behaviour is the result of learning and conditioning






40. Material from individual'S own experiences - can become conscious






41. Embracing feelings or behaviours opposite to true threatening feelings one has






42. Leader of humanistic movement; hierarchy of needs






43. Freud; central force that must find a socially acceptable outlet






44. Uses social learning principles - exposes client to more adaptive behaviors






45. First drugs for psychopathology; - usually to treat positive symptoms of schizophrenia (delusion and hallucination) by blocking dopamine receptors and inhibiting dopamine production (ex. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine®) - and haloperidol (Haldol®))






46. Shifting unacceptable feelings/actions to a less threatening recipient






47. Individual theory






48. Conscious elements were openly acknowledged forces and unconscious elements (drives and wishes) were many layers below consciousness - Freud'S greatest contribution to psychology






49. Ex. phenelzine (Nardil®)






50. Delivers electric current to brain to induce convulsions; effective for severely depressed patients