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GRE Psychology: Clinical And Abnormal Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. General term that refers to theories that emphasize the positive - evolving free will in people (such as client-centered - Gestalt - or existential); optimistic about human nature; 'Third Force'






2. abnormality derived from disturbances of awareness - client may not have insight or fully experience present situation (choosing not to acknowledge certain aspects)






3. Used to reduce anxiety or to induce sleep; increases effectiveness of GABA (inhibitory); high potential for causing habituation and addiction; Ex. barbiturates and benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium®) and alprazolam (Xanax®)






4. Donald Meichenbaum - prepares people for foreseeable stressors






5. Individual'S mental life consists of a constant push-pull between the competing forces of the id - superego and environment. - each areas struggles for acknowledgement and expression - how well a persons' ego handles this determines his mental health






6. When the therapist uses the patient'S transference to help him/her resolve problems that were the result of previous relationship by correcting the emotional experience in the therapist-patient relationship






7. Treatment for mental health problems shown to produce results in empirical studies; many argue only this is ethical; others argue controlled experiments not like real treatments - less useful and applicable






8. Uses social learning principles - exposes client to more adaptive behaviors






9. The part of mind that mediates between the environment and the pressures of the id and the superego






10. Psychopathology is a signal that something wrong in makeup of psyche - clues about how one could be more aware






11. To change behaviour to be more desired or adaptive; successful in treating phobias - fetishes - OCD - sexual problems - and childhood disorders (especially nocturnal enuresis)






12. psychodynamic approach - because unconscious elements are addressed - in order to be more aware - unconscious material is explored through analyzing dreams - artwork - personal symbols






13. Aim to affect neurotransmitters; commonly dopamine - serotonin - norepinephrine (monoamines)






14. Emphasized social and interpersonal relationships; what one does is meant to elicit particular reactions






15. Making too much or little of something (e.g. 'it was luck that I did well')






16. Measures cognitive triad and gauges severity of diagnosed depression; determines number of depressive symptoms - for research and clinical settings






17. The life instinct - including sex and love






18. Carl Gustav Jung - the psyche was directed toward life and awareness (rather than sex) - In each personal the psyche contains conscious and unconscious elements (personal and collective unconscious)






19. Goal is for (e)ffective rational beliefs to replace previous self-defeating ones - then client'S thoughts - feelings - and behaviours can coexist






20. Albert Ellis






21. Provide trusting atmosphere for client to self-direct growth and tap his own 'vast resources' - evidence of growth includes a congruent self-concept - positive self-regard - internal locus-of-evaluation - and willingness to experience






22. Drawing conclusion without solid evidence (e.g. 'Boss hates me because he never asks me to play golf')






23. Person'S dark side - often projected onto others; devils and evil spirits in cultures






24. Includes elements of cognitive - behavioural - and emotion theory; intertwined thoughts and feelings produce behavior






25. Client-centered therapist should speak and act genuinely - not maintain a professional reserve (feelings and experiences of the therapist should match)






26. Victor Frankl






27. Model based on learning; application of classical and operant conditioning principles to human abnormal behavior - change maladaptive behaviour through new learning; radical behavioralism - neobehaviouralism






28. Jung - universally meaningful concepts - passed through collective unconscious; - allow us to organize experiences with consistent themes and indicated by cross-cultural similarity in symbols - folklore - myths; - Common archetypes: persona - shadow






29. Similar to behaviour therapy - addresses how a person thinks - rather than why the thought patterns developed; removing symptoms may not cure problem






30. Uses operant conditioning to change behavior - reinforced for behaviors that come closer and closer to desired action






31. Pioneered object-relations theory and psychoanalysis with children






32. Use unconscious messages to become more aware and closer to full potential






33. Employs principles from cognitive and behavioral theory






34. Analytical theory - Freud'S student - broke from Freud because Freud place too much emphasis on the libido






35. Rollo May - individual constantly strives to rise above a simple behavioral existence and toward genuine and meaningful existence






36. Client-centered therapist must maintain positivity regardless of choices - feelings or insights to facilitate a trusting and safe environment






37. Use of medication to treat mental illness - do not cure but some are effective at alleviating symptoms; often used with therapy






38. Freud; way in which ego protects self from threatening unconscious material; - repression/denial - rationalization - projection - displacement - reaction formation - compensation - sublimation - identification - undoing - countertransference - dreams






39. 'Joseph Breuer' the central process in which a patient reports thoughts without censure or guidance - Freud: because unconscious material is always looking for a way out - the patient can uncover and express repressed material through free associatio






40. No use of diagnostic tools because Rogers believed client-centered therapy applied to any problem






41. repressed drives and conflict become manifested in dysfunctional ways - psychic determinism






42. Phlegmatic - low in activity and high in social contribution - dependent






43. Initially: Freud preferred a topographic model of mental life - Then: Mental life was structural - meaning that mental life has particular organization other than layers (ego - id - superego)

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44. Emphasizes conscious thought patterns (rather than emotions or behaviours) - interpretation of an experience rather than the experience itself; Beck Depression Inventory






45. Choleric -high in activity but low in social contribution - dominant






46. Emphasized culture and society over instinct; suggested neuroticism expressed as movement toward - against - and away from people






47. Fritz Perls - Max Wertheimer - Kurt Koffka






48. Response to perceived one'S meaninglessness is neurosis or neurotic anxiety (as opposed to normal or justified anxiety)






49. Pavlov'S classical counterconditioning principles to create new responses to stimuli






50. Reduces depressive symptoms - by taking opposite action of antimanics; depression appears to be from abnormally low levels of monoamines; increase production and transmission of various monoamines; - Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) - Monoamine oxid