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GRE Psychology: Clinical And Abnormal Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. People in the process of realizing themselves - The individual is motivated by social needs and feelings of inferiority that arise when the current self does not match the self-ideal






2. Victor Frankl






3. The part of mind that mediates between the environment and the pressures of the id and the superego






4. Sanguine - high in activity and high in social contribution - healthy






5. Emphasized culture and society over instinct; suggested neuroticism expressed as movement toward - against - and away from people






6. Employs principles from cognitive and behavioral theory






7. Drugs for bipolar disorder - mania appears to be from excessive monoamines; inhibit monoamines such as norepinephrine and serotonin (ex. Lithium)






8. Ego - id - superego






9. Mistaking isolated incidents for the norm (e.g. 'no one will ever want to be with me')






10. Conscious elements were openly acknowledged forces and unconscious elements (drives and wishes) were many layers below consciousness - Freud'S greatest contribution to psychology






11. Initially: an individual'S greatest conflict was that between the libido and the ego - Then: the true conflict is that between Eros and Thanatos ('The aim of all life is death')

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12. Model based on learning; application of classical and operant conditioning principles to human abnormal behavior - change maladaptive behaviour through new learning; radical behavioralism - neobehaviouralism






13. Initially: Freud preferred a topographic model of mental life - Then: Mental life was structural - meaning that mental life has particular organization other than layers (ego - id - superego)

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14. Uses operant principle of negative reinforcement to increase anxiety - anxiety-reaction created where there was none; usually to treat addiction and fetishes






15. Primary process; human motivation to seek pleasure and avoid pain; id






16. Central to human nature - between different drives vying for expression (particularly conscious and unconscious






17. First drugs for psychopathology; - usually to treat positive symptoms of schizophrenia (delusion and hallucination) by blocking dopamine receptors and inhibiting dopamine production (ex. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine®) - and haloperidol (Haldol®))






18. B.F. Skinner - Ivan Pavlov - Joseph Wolpe






19. Provide trusting atmosphere for client to self-direct growth and tap his own 'vast resources' - evidence of growth includes a congruent self-concept - positive self-regard - internal locus-of-evaluation - and willingness to experience






20. Directed therapy helps expose and restructure maladaptive thought and reasoning patterns - generally short-term - therapist focuses on tangible evidence of client'S logic (what client says and does)






21. Donald Meichenbaum - prepares people for foreseeable stressors






22. The death instinct - including self-destructive behavior






23. Allows client to practice new behaviours and responses






24. Male elements of a female






25. Act only on serotonin - most frequently prescribed because fewer side effects than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs); Ex. fluoxetine (Prozac®) - paroxetine (Paxil®) - sertraline (Zoloft®)






26. Alfred Adler - Adlerian theory - people are viewed as creative - social and whole as opposed to Freud'S more negative and structural approach - process of becoming - Healthy individuals: --> peruse goals in spite of feelings of interiority - --> has






27. Patients are seen 4-5 times a week and for many years - Initially: hypnosis - Then: free association - Transference - countertransference






28. Carl Gustav Jung - the psyche was directed toward life and awareness (rather than sex) - In each personal the psyche contains conscious and unconscious elements (personal and collective unconscious)






29. Drug that changes metabolism of alcohol - resulting in severe nausea and vomiting when combined; countercondition alcoholics






30. Individual'S mental life consists of a constant push-pull between the competing forces of the id - superego and environment. - each areas struggles for acknowledgement and expression - how well a persons' ego handles this determines his mental health






31. Correct maladaptive cognitions






32. Class of neurotransmitter that dopamine - serotonin - and norepinephrine belongs to






33. Aaron Beck






34. Emphasizes conscious thought patterns (rather than emotions or behaviours) - interpretation of an experience rather than the experience itself; Beck Depression Inventory






35. Treatment for mental health problems shown to produce results in empirical studies; many argue only this is ethical; others argue controlled experiments not like real treatments - less useful and applicable






36. To change behaviour to be more desired or adaptive; successful in treating phobias - fetishes - OCD - sexual problems - and childhood disorders (especially nocturnal enuresis)






37. When the therapist uses the patient'S transference to help him/her resolve problems that were the result of previous relationship by correcting the emotional experience in the therapist-patient relationship






38. Psychopathology is a signal that something wrong in makeup of psyche - clues about how one could be more aware






39. Fritz Perls - Max Wertheimer - Kurt Koffka






40. Memories that serve as representations of important childhood experiences






41. Applies classical conditioning to relieve anxiety - repeatedly exposed to anxiety-producing stimulus so eventually the overexposure leads to lessened anxiety






42. Client-centered therapist must maintain positivity regardless of choices - feelings or insights to facilitate a trusting and safe environment






43. Therapist engages in a dialogue with client rather than leading toward a goal; client learns from dialogue - and together focus on here-and-now experience rather than talking about the past






44. General term that refers to theories that emphasize the positive - evolving free will in people (such as client-centered - Gestalt - or existential); optimistic about human nature; 'Third Force'






45. How a therapist feels about his/her patients; analyst'S transfer of unconscious feelings or wishes (central figures in analyst'S life) onto patient






46. Client-centered therapist must appreciate rather than just observe client'S perspective






47. Tricyclic chemical structure; ex. amitriptyline (Elavil®)






48. Psychological tension created when (a)ctivating even occurs - and client has certain (b)eliefs about the event - leading to (c)onsequence of emotional disruption






49. Lessen the unconscious pressures on the individual by making as much of it conscious as possible - allow the ego to be a better mediator of forces






50. Unhealthy individuals are too much affected by inferior feelings to pursue the will to power - make excuses or have a 'yes -but' mentality - if they do pursue goals - these are likely to be self-serving and egotistical