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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Clinical And Abnormal Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pioneered object-relations theory and psychoanalysis with children
individual theory
Melanie Klein
Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)
psychoanalysis
2. General term that refers to theories that emphasize role of unconscious (including individual or analytical)
Third Force
libido
Psychodynamic theory
Animus
3. Aim to affect neurotransmitters; commonly dopamine - serotonin - norepinephrine (monoamines)
therapy (Psychopharmacology)
countertransference
Pleasure principle
abnormal theory (Gestalt Theory)
4. Emphasized social and interpersonal relationships; what one does is meant to elicit particular reactions
abnormal theory (analytical theory)
Harry Stack Sullivan
superego
Compensation
5. Freud; pathological behaviour - dreams - unconscious behaviour (e.g. hysterical or neurotic women) are symptoms of underlying - unresolved conflict - which are manifested when the ego does not find acceptable ways to express conflict
therapy (Gestalt Theory)
Aversion therapy
Rational-Emotive Theory
psychic determinism
6. Employs principles from cognitive and behavioral theory
existential theory (originator)
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
therapy (analytical theory)
therapy (Rational-Emotive Theory)
7. People in the process of realizing themselves - The individual is motivated by social needs and feelings of inferiority that arise when the current self does not match the self-ideal
Self
object-relations theory
process of becoming
psychoanalysis
8. directed by client who decides how often to meet and what to discuss; therapist is nondirective - providing a self-exploration - safe and trusting atmosphere for client; provide empathy - unconditional positive regard - genuineness/congruence
Unconditional positive regard
Rational-Emotive Theory
neobehaviouralism
therapy (Client-centered theory)
9. Delivers electric current to brain to induce convulsions; effective for severely depressed patients
Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)
Aversion therapy
Modeling
radical behavioralism
10. Shifting unacceptable feelings/actions to a less threatening recipient
Displacement
Antidepressants (+types)
object relations therapy
Therapy (Behavior theory)
11. General term that refers to theories that emphasize the positive - evolving free will in people (such as client-centered - Gestalt - or existential); optimistic about human nature; 'Third Force'
Humanistic theory
id
therapy (Client-centered theory)
Family therapy
12. Believed some emotional disturbances at least partly caused by biological factors
Rationalization
psychoanalytic theory
abnormal theory (Psychopharmacology)
Pleasure principle
13. Uses operant conditioning to change behavior - reinforced for behaviors that come closer and closer to desired action
Rational-Emotive Theory
Shaping
therapy (Psychopharmacology)
Psychopharmacology (goal of therapy)
14. Patients are seen 4-5 times a week and for many years - Initially: hypnosis - Then: free association - Transference - countertransference
psychoanalysis
archetype
Dreams
Flooding or implosive therapy
15. Use unconscious messages to become more aware and closer to full potential
goal of therapy (analytical theory)
Antipsychotics
Defense mechanism (+types)
abnormal theory (Client-centered theory)
16. Initially: an individual'S greatest conflict was that between the libido and the ego - Then: the true conflict is that between Eros and Thanatos ('The aim of all life is death')
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17. Imitating a central figure - such as a parent
process of becoming
Identification
Reality principle
socially useful type
18. Not suited for low-functioning or disturbed clients
therapy (analytical theory)
criticism (Gestalt Theory)
socially useful type
criticism (psychoanalytic theory)
19. Individual'S mental life consists of a constant push-pull between the competing forces of the id - superego and environment. - each areas struggles for acknowledgement and expression - how well a persons' ego handles this determines his mental health
ego
goal of therapy (Rational-Emotive Theory)
abnormal theory (Client-centered theory)
psychoanalytic theory
20. Channelling threatening drives into acceptable outlets
abnormal theory (psychoanalytic theory)
Sublimation
abnormal theory (analytical theory)
Third Force
21. Talking therapy - deep questions relating to perception and meaning of existence
Thanatos
criticism (Gestalt Theory)
Persona
therapy (existential theory)
22. Similar to behaviour therapy - addresses how a person thinks - rather than why the thought patterns developed; removing symptoms may not cure problem
Shaping
Cognitive Theory
criticism (Cognitive Theory)
socially useful type
23. People who lack congruence between real selves and conscious self-concept develops psychological tension; incongruence occurs when feelings or experiences are inconsistent with acknowledged of self (e.g. perfect self-concept shaken by any failure)
Goal of therapy (psychoanalytic theory)
Reality principle
abnormal theory (individual theory)
abnormal theory (Client-centered theory)
24. Donald Meichenbaum - prepares people for foreseeable stressors
Persona
Arbitrary inference
Stress-inoculation training
psychoanalytic theory
25. Not allowing threatening material into awareness
getting-learning type
Repression or denial
goal of therapy (individual theory)
neobehaviouralism
26. Unhealthy individuals are too much affected by inferior feelings to pursue the will to power - make excuses or have a 'yes -but' mentality - if they do pursue goals - these are likely to be self-serving and egotistical
Cognitive triad
Hans Eysenck
abnormal theory (individual theory)
abnormal theory (psychoanalytic theory)
27. Person'S outer mask - mediator to external world; masks in cultures
Monoamines (examples)
object relations therapy
criticism (Cognitive Theory)
Persona
28. Leader of humanistic movement; hierarchy of needs
Antidepressants (+types)
Changes in Freud'S view of layout of the mind
abnormal theory (Psychopharmacology)
Abraham Maslow
29. Uses social learning principles - exposes client to more adaptive behaviors
Thanatos
Modeling
Shadow
criticism (individual theory)
30. Allows client to practice new behaviours and responses
Role playing
goal of therapy (existential theory)
socially useful type
Abnormal theory (Behavior theory)
31. short-term and directed; - thoughts - feelings and unconsciousness not addressed; - Therapist use counterconditioning techniques to help client learn new responses; - Techniques: systematic desensitization - flooding or implosive therapy - aversion t
Changes in Freud'S psychoanalytic theory
Antipsychotics
Therapy (Behavior theory)
Neal Miller
32. No use of diagnostic tools because Rogers believed client-centered therapy applied to any problem
Self
3 components of model of mental life
criticism (Client-centered theory)
Dreams
33. Conscious elements were openly acknowledged forces and unconscious elements (drives and wishes) were many layers below consciousness - Freud'S greatest contribution to psychology
Thanatos
Defense mechanism (+types)
Topographic model of mental life
Flooding or implosive therapy
34. Ritualistic activity to relieve anxiety about unconscious drives
Undoing
getting-learning type
Changes in Freud'S psychoanalytic theory
Melanie Klein
35. Individual theory
individual theory
criticism (Client-centered theory)
Alfred Adler
criticism (Behavior theory)
36. Abnormal behaviour is the result of learning and conditioning
Cognitive Theory (originator)
Defense mechanism (+types)
Abnormal theory (Behavior theory)
Karen Horney
37. Carl Rogers - Person centered/Rogerian theory - humanistic --> it has an optimistic outlook on human nature; - individual have an actualizing tendency that directs them out of conflict and toward full potential - best accomplished in atmosphere that
Client-centered theory
goal of therapy (existential theory)
Anxiolytics
radical behavioralism
38. Ego - id - superego
ego
3 components of model of mental life
Undoing
Neo-Freudians
39. Psychodynamic approach in which unconscious feelings do play a role - examination of a person'S lifestyle and choices (motivations - perceptions - goals - and resources)
therapy (individual theory)
Alfred Adler
Antipsychotics
criticism (Rational-Emotive Theory)
40. Choleric -high in activity but low in social contribution - dominant
Changes in Freud'S psychoanalytic theory
ruling-dominant type
analytical theory
Changes in Freud'S view of layout of the mind
41. Provide trusting atmosphere for client to self-direct growth and tap his own 'vast resources' - evidence of growth includes a congruent self-concept - positive self-regard - internal locus-of-evaluation - and willingness to experience
goal of therapy (Client-centered theory)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Abnormal theory (Rational-Emotive Theory)
Dichotomous thinking
42. Sanguine - high in activity and high in social contribution - healthy
Melanie Klein
individual theory
psychoanalytic theory
socially useful type
43. Treatment for mental health problems shown to produce results in empirical studies; many argue only this is ethical; others argue controlled experiments not like real treatments - less useful and applicable
criticism (Gestalt Theory)
Rational-Emotive Theory
Evidence-based treatment
Modeling
44. Goal is for (e)ffective rational beliefs to replace previous self-defeating ones - then client'S thoughts - feelings - and behaviours can coexist
Self
Collective unconscious
abnormal theory (psychoanalytic theory)
goal of therapy (Rational-Emotive Theory)
45. Full individual potential; Buddha - Jesus and mandala in cultures
archetype
Self
abnormal theory (analytical theory)
goal of therapy (existential theory)
46. repressed drives and conflict become manifested in dysfunctional ways - psychic determinism
abnormal theory (psychoanalytic theory)
individual theory
Genuineness/congruence
Magnifying/minimizing
47. Black and white thinking (e.g. 'if I don'T score 100% I have no future')
Gestalt Theory
ruling-dominant type
Dichotomous thinking
criticism (Behavior theory)
48. Goal is exploration of awareness and full experiencing of the present; success is connecting client with present existence
Goal of therapy (Behavior theory)
Anima
goal of therapy (Gestalt Theory)
catharsis/abreaction
49. B.F. Skinner - Ivan Pavlov - Joseph Wolpe
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
behavior theory (originators)
goal of therapy (Cognitive Theory)
Family therapy
50. The part of mind that contains the unconscious biological drives and wishes - At birth: mental life is composed solely of the id and its biological drives (sex and aggression) - with development - the id also includes unconscious wishes
id
Karen Horney
Hierarchy of needs
Empathy