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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Clinical And Abnormal Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Initially: an individual'S greatest conflict was that between the libido and the ego - Then: the true conflict is that between Eros and Thanatos ('The aim of all life is death')
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2. Jung - universally meaningful concepts - passed through collective unconscious; - allow us to organize experiences with consistent themes and indicated by cross-cultural similarity in symbols - folklore - myths; - Common archetypes: persona - shadow
Reality principle
archetype
Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)
Antidepressants (+types)
3. Victor Frankl
existential theory (originator)
Aversion therapy
Cognitive Theory
analytical theory
4. People who lack congruence between real selves and conscious self-concept develops psychological tension; incongruence occurs when feelings or experiences are inconsistent with acknowledged of self (e.g. perfect self-concept shaken by any failure)
Displacement
abnormal theory (Client-centered theory)
Psychodynamic theory
therapy (analytical theory)
5. Individual theory
Alfred Adler
Pleasure principle
Genuineness/congruence
countertransference
6. Leader of humanistic movement; hierarchy of needs
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
superego
aggression
Abraham Maslow
7. Freud; central force that must find a socially acceptable outlet
aggression
superego
criticism (individual theory)
behavior theory (originators)
8. Based on personal activity and social interest - ruling-dominant type - getting-learning type - avoiding type - socially useful type
psychic determinism
personality typology (psychoanalytic theory)
Anxiolytics
existential theory (originator)
9. No use of diagnostic tools because Rogers believed client-centered therapy applied to any problem
criticism (Client-centered theory)
Reality principle
Changes in Freud'S psychoanalytic theory
criticism (analytical theory)
10. Memories that serve as representations of important childhood experiences
Karen Horney
Screen memory
therapy (existential theory)
Antipsychotics
11. Patients are seen 4-5 times a week and for many years - Initially: hypnosis - Then: free association - Transference - countertransference
Systematic desensitization
psychoanalysis
Anna Freud
Aversion therapy
12. The part of mind that imposes learned or socialized drives - not something one is born with - but develops over time - influenced by moral and parental training
superego
Animus
analytical theory
existential theory (originator)
13. Albert Ellis
Topographic model of mental life
Animus
Rational-Emotive Theory (originator)
abnormal theory (analytical theory)
14. Joseph Wolpe - applies classical conditioning to relieve anxiety - exposed to increasingly anxiety-provoking stimuli until anxiety is decreased - start from staring at a picture of snake and then eventually holding on
Screen memory
Systematic desensitization
Hans Eysenck
Self
15. Initially: Freud preferred a topographic model of mental life - Then: Mental life was structural - meaning that mental life has particular organization other than layers (ego - id - superego)
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16. Applied Freud ideas of child psychology and development
Pleasure principle
Collective unconscious
Anna Freud
abnormal theory (analytical theory)
17. Use unconscious messages to become more aware and closer to full potential
abnormal theory (individual theory)
Shaping
goal of therapy (analytical theory)
Antimanics
18. The life instinct - including sex and love
criticism (analytical theory)
eros
Empathy
Humanistic theory
19. Methodology - theory developed from single case studies - which is not scientific
criticism (psychoanalytic theory)
Antidepressants (+types)
Play therapy
abnormal theory (existential theory)
20. Talking therapy - deep questions relating to perception and meaning of existence
avoiding type
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
therapy (existential theory)
archetype
21. Too mystical or spiritual
therapy (existential theory)
superego
criticism (analytical theory)
Compensation
22. Freud; pathological behaviour - dreams - unconscious behaviour (e.g. hysterical or neurotic women) are symptoms of underlying - unresolved conflict - which are manifested when the ego does not find acceptable ways to express conflict
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Abnormal theory (Cognitive Theory)
psychic determinism
psychoanalytic theory
23. Central to human nature - between different drives vying for expression (particularly conscious and unconscious
hypnosis
Conflict (psychoanalytic theory)
libido
object-relations theory
24. Criticized effectiveness of psychotherapy after analyzing studies that indicated psychotherapy was no more successful than no treatment at all; other studies contradict this
Displacement
Animus
Hans Eysenck
Unconditional positive regard
25. Primary process; human motivation to seek pleasure and avoid pain; id
goal of therapy (individual theory)
Pleasure principle
Antabuse ®
Cognitive triad
26. Psychodynamic approach in which unconscious feelings do play a role - examination of a person'S lifestyle and choices (motivations - perceptions - goals - and resources)
Shaping
avoiding type
Empathy
therapy (individual theory)
27. Donald Meichenbaum - prepares people for foreseeable stressors
abnormal theory (Gestalt Theory)
Stress-inoculation training
therapy (Psychopharmacology)
Personal unconscious
28. Use of medication to treat mental illness - do not cure but some are effective at alleviating symptoms; often used with therapy
therapy (existential theory)
Psychopharmacology
criticism (analytical theory)
Displacement
29. Correct maladaptive cognitions
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
goal of therapy (Cognitive Theory)
therapy (analytical theory)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
30. Not allowing threatening material into awareness
Repression or denial
therapy (existential theory)
Hierarchy of needs
Empathy
31. Negative views about the self - the world - and the future; causes depression
criticism (psychoanalytic theory)
Cognitive triad
Projection
Identification
32. Goal is to increase sense of being and meaningfulness - to alleviate neurotic anxiety
criticism (Rational-Emotive Theory)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
goal of therapy (existential theory)
Neo-Freudians
33. To reduce feelings of inferiority and to foster social interest and social contribution in patients
object-relations theory
goal of therapy (individual theory)
Goal of therapy (psychoanalytic theory)
psychoanalysis
34. Model based on learning; application of classical and operant conditioning principles to human abnormal behavior - change maladaptive behaviour through new learning; radical behavioralism - neobehaviouralism
Family therapy
Humanistic theory
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Behavior theory
35. Drawing conclusion without solid evidence (e.g. 'Boss hates me because he never asks me to play golf')
Alfred Adler
Reality principle
Neal Miller
Arbitrary inference
36. Unhealthy individuals are too much affected by inferior feelings to pursue the will to power - make excuses or have a 'yes -but' mentality - if they do pursue goals - these are likely to be self-serving and egotistical
3 components of model of mental life
Personalizing
abnormal theory (individual theory)
abnormal theory (Client-centered theory)
37. Treatment for mental health problems shown to produce results in empirical studies; many argue only this is ethical; others argue controlled experiments not like real treatments - less useful and applicable
id
Shaping
Antimanics
Evidence-based treatment
38. Class of neurotransmitter that dopamine - serotonin - and norepinephrine belongs to
Monoamines (examples)
existential theory (originator)
Rational-Emotive Theory
Anima
39. Unconscious material always looking for a way to discharge repressed emotion
catharsis/abreaction
psychoanalytic theory
Family therapy
neobehaviouralism
40. directed by client who decides how often to meet and what to discuss; therapist is nondirective - providing a self-exploration - safe and trusting atmosphere for client; provide empathy - unconditional positive regard - genuineness/congruence
therapy (Client-centered theory)
Role playing
Psychopharmacology
Anxiolytics
41. Tricyclic chemical structure; ex. amitriptyline (Elavil®)
goal of therapy (individual theory)
Humanistic theory
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Personalizing
42. Sanguine - high in activity and high in social contribution - healthy
Play therapy
socially useful type
Cognitive Theory (originator)
eros
43. Rollo May - individual constantly strives to rise above a simple behavioral existence and toward genuine and meaningful existence
Will to meaning
criticism (Client-centered theory)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Karen Horney
44. Carl Rogers - Person centered/Rogerian theory - humanistic --> it has an optimistic outlook on human nature; - individual have an actualizing tendency that directs them out of conflict and toward full potential - best accomplished in atmosphere that
radical behavioralism
Client-centered theory
getting-learning type
Harry Stack Sullivan
45. Karen Horney and Harry Stack Sullivan - accepted some of freud'S ideas and reject others
Changes in Freud'S view of layout of the mind
behavior theory (originators)
Neo-Freudians
Genuineness/congruence
46. Embracing feelings or behaviours opposite to true threatening feelings one has
object relations therapy
goal of therapy (individual theory)
Reaction formation
ego
47. Client-centered therapist must appreciate rather than just observe client'S perspective
getting-learning type
therapy (Rational-Emotive Theory)
Abraham Maslow
Empathy
48. Maladaptive cognitions lead to abnormal behaviour or disturbed affect; cognitive triad - types of maladaptive cognitions: arbitrary inference - overgeneralization - magnifying/minimizing - personalizing - dichotomous thinking
Abnormal theory (Cognitive Theory)
criticism (Rational-Emotive Theory)
existential theory
Applied psychology
49. Client-centered therapist should speak and act genuinely - not maintain a professional reserve (feelings and experiences of the therapist should match)
Compensation
Genuineness/congruence
abnormal theory (Psychopharmacology)
goal of therapy (individual theory)
50. People in the process of realizing themselves - The individual is motivated by social needs and feelings of inferiority that arise when the current self does not match the self-ideal
personality typology (psychoanalytic theory)
Psychopharmacology (criticisms)
process of becoming
socially useful type