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GRE Psychology: Clinical And Abnormal Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Freud; pathological behaviour - dreams - unconscious behaviour (e.g. hysterical or neurotic women) are symptoms of underlying - unresolved conflict - which are manifested when the ego does not find acceptable ways to express conflict






2. Includes elements of cognitive - behavioural - and emotion theory; intertwined thoughts and feelings produce behavior






3. Maladaptive cognitions lead to abnormal behaviour or disturbed affect; cognitive triad - types of maladaptive cognitions: arbitrary inference - overgeneralization - magnifying/minimizing - personalizing - dichotomous thinking






4. Based on personal activity and social interest - ruling-dominant type - getting-learning type - avoiding type - socially useful type






5. Excelling in one area to make up for shortcomings in another






6. Uses operant conditioning to change behavior - reinforced for behaviors that come closer and closer to desired action






7. Use unconscious messages to become more aware and closer to full potential






8. Talking therapy - deep questions relating to perception and meaning of existence






9. Abnormal behaviour is the result of learning and conditioning






10. Emphasized social and interpersonal relationships; what one does is meant to elicit particular reactions






11. Patients react to the therapist like they react to their parents






12. Reduces depressive symptoms - by taking opposite action of antimanics; depression appears to be from abnormally low levels of monoamines; increase production and transmission of various monoamines; - Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) - Monoamine oxid






13. Similar to behaviour therapy - addresses how a person thinks - rather than why the thought patterns developed; removing symptoms may not cure problem






14. Delivers electric current to brain to induce convulsions; effective for severely depressed patients






15. Black and white thinking (e.g. 'if I don'T score 100% I have no future')






16. Encourage people to stand apart from beliefs - biases and attitudes derived from the past - goal is to fully experience and perceive the present in order to become a while and integrated person






17. Karen Horney and Harry Stack Sullivan - accepted some of freud'S ideas and reject others






18. Male elements of a female






19. No use of diagnostic tools because Rogers believed client-centered therapy applied to any problem






20. Channelling threatening drives into acceptable outlets






21. Allows client to practice new behaviours and responses






22. Initially: Freud preferred a topographic model of mental life - Then: Mental life was structural - meaning that mental life has particular organization other than layers (ego - id - superego)

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23. General term that refers to theories that emphasize the positive - evolving free will in people (such as client-centered - Gestalt - or existential); optimistic about human nature; 'Third Force'






24. Person'S dark side - often projected onto others; devils and evil spirits in cultures






25. Ego - id - superego






26. Carl Rogers - Person centered/Rogerian theory - humanistic --> it has an optimistic outlook on human nature; - individual have an actualizing tendency that directs them out of conflict and toward full potential - best accomplished in atmosphere that






27. Freud; central force that must find a socially acceptable outlet






28. Psychological tension created when (a)ctivating even occurs - and client has certain (b)eliefs about the event - leading to (c)onsequence of emotional disruption






29. Applied Freud ideas of child psychology and development






30. Act only on serotonin - most frequently prescribed because fewer side effects than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs); Ex. fluoxetine (Prozac®) - paroxetine (Paxil®) - sertraline (Zoloft®)






31. First drugs for psychopathology; - usually to treat positive symptoms of schizophrenia (delusion and hallucination) by blocking dopamine receptors and inhibiting dopamine production (ex. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine®) - and haloperidol (Haldol®))






32. Ex. phenelzine (Nardil®)






33. Safe outlets for unconscious material and wish-fulfillment - valuable for analysts; manifest content provides information about latent content






34. Shifting unacceptable feelings/actions to a less threatening recipient






35. Employs principles from cognitive and behavioral theory






36. Therapist engages in a dialogue with client rather than leading toward a goal; client learns from dialogue - and together focus on here-and-now experience rather than talking about the past






37. Justifying behaviour/feelings that cause guilt






38. Victor Frankl






39. Tricyclic chemical structure; ex. amitriptyline (Elavil®)






40. Alfred Adler - Adlerian theory - people are viewed as creative - social and whole as opposed to Freud'S more negative and structural approach - process of becoming - Healthy individuals: --> peruse goals in spite of feelings of interiority - --> has






41. Person'S outer mask - mediator to external world; masks in cultures






42. Child clients; during play a child may convey emotions - situations - or disturbances conveyed might otherwise go unexpressed






43. Treatment for mental health problems shown to produce results in empirical studies; many argue only this is ethical; others argue controlled experiments not like real treatments - less useful and applicable






44. How a therapist feels about his/her patients; analyst'S transfer of unconscious feelings or wishes (central figures in analyst'S life) onto patient






45. Used to reduce anxiety or to induce sleep; increases effectiveness of GABA (inhibitory); high potential for causing habituation and addiction; Ex. barbiturates and benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium®) and alprazolam (Xanax®)






46. Revolves around philosophical issues particularly the issue of meaning; one`s greatest struggles are being vs. nonbeing - and meaningfulness vs. meaninglessness; will to meaning






47. Analytical theory - Freud'S student - broke from Freud because Freud place too much emphasis on the libido






48. Phlegmatic - low in activity and high in social contribution - dependent






49. Primary process; human motivation to seek pleasure and avoid pain; id






50. Drugs for bipolar disorder - mania appears to be from excessive monoamines; inhibit monoamines such as norepinephrine and serotonin (ex. Lithium)