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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Clinical And Abnormal Psychology
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Delivers electric current to brain to induce convulsions; effective for severely depressed patients
Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)
Systematic desensitization
Gestalt Theory (originators)
object relations therapy
2. directed by client who decides how often to meet and what to discuss; therapist is nondirective - providing a self-exploration - safe and trusting atmosphere for client; provide empathy - unconditional positive regard - genuineness/congruence
therapy (Client-centered theory)
Evidence-based treatment
Monoamines (examples)
criticism (Cognitive Theory)
3. The part of mind that mediates between the environment and the pressures of the id and the superego
ego
Antipsychotics
Overgeneralization
Topographic model of mental life
4. Not allowing threatening material into awareness
Repression or denial
therapy (Psychopharmacology)
Animus
Abnormal theory (Behavior theory)
5. Pioneered object-relations theory and psychoanalysis with children
Anima
Cognitive triad
Melanie Klein
behavior theory (originators)
6. Patients react to the therapist like they react to their parents
avoiding type
transference
Alfred Adler
Overgeneralization
7. Use unconscious messages to become more aware and closer to full potential
process of becoming
Free association
goal of therapy (analytical theory)
Abraham Maslow
8. Conscious elements were openly acknowledged forces and unconscious elements (drives and wishes) were many layers below consciousness - Freud'S greatest contribution to psychology
Topographic model of mental life
Undoing
criticism (Gestalt Theory)
behavior theory (originators)
9. B.F. Skinner - Ivan Pavlov - Joseph Wolpe
Play therapy
behavior theory (originators)
Changes in Freud'S psychoanalytic theory
Cognitive triad
10. Jean Charcot and Pierre Janet
Anna Freud
hypnosis
Goal of therapy (Behavior theory)
Psychopharmacology
11. abnormality derived from disturbances of awareness - client may not have insight or fully experience present situation (choosing not to acknowledge certain aspects)
Rational-Emotive Theory
Rational-Emotive Theory (originator)
Behavior theory
abnormal theory (Gestalt Theory)
12. Individual'S mental life consists of a constant push-pull between the competing forces of the id - superego and environment. - each areas struggles for acknowledgement and expression - how well a persons' ego handles this determines his mental health
analytical theory
psychoanalytic theory
goal of therapy (individual theory)
radical behavioralism
13. Male elements of a female
archetype
Goal of therapy (psychoanalytic theory)
Cognitive triad
Animus
14. Unconscious material always looking for a way to discharge repressed emotion
Harry Stack Sullivan
3 components of model of mental life
Projection
catharsis/abreaction
15. Carl Gustav Jung - the psyche was directed toward life and awareness (rather than sex) - In each personal the psyche contains conscious and unconscious elements (personal and collective unconscious)
aggression
Sublimation
Unconditional positive regard
analytical theory
16. Aaron Beck
Third Force
Rational-Emotive Theory (originator)
transference
Cognitive Theory (originator)
17. Initially: Freud preferred a topographic model of mental life - Then: Mental life was structural - meaning that mental life has particular organization other than layers (ego - id - superego)
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18. Freud; way in which ego protects self from threatening unconscious material; - repression/denial - rationalization - projection - displacement - reaction formation - compensation - sublimation - identification - undoing - countertransference - dreams
neobehaviouralism
Defense mechanism (+types)
hypnosis
existential theory (originator)
19. Emphasizes conscious thought patterns (rather than emotions or behaviours) - interpretation of an experience rather than the experience itself; Beck Depression Inventory
Cognitive Theory
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
abnormal theory (psychoanalytic theory)
eros
20. Drugs that take away symptoms do not provide interpersonal support
id
Psychopharmacology (criticisms)
Role playing
Thanatos
21. General term that refers to theories that emphasize the positive - evolving free will in people (such as client-centered - Gestalt - or existential); optimistic about human nature; 'Third Force'
criticism (existential theory)
Self
Humanistic theory
criticism (Gestalt Theory)
22. Psychological tension created when (a)ctivating even occurs - and client has certain (b)eliefs about the event - leading to (c)onsequence of emotional disruption
Rational-Emotive Theory
socially useful type
Antipsychotics
Abnormal theory (Rational-Emotive Theory)
23. Uses social learning principles - exposes client to more adaptive behaviors
criticism (individual theory)
Modeling
therapy (Gestalt Theory)
Abnormal theory (Rational-Emotive Theory)
24. psychodynamic approach - because unconscious elements are addressed - in order to be more aware - unconscious material is explored through analyzing dreams - artwork - personal symbols
Overgeneralization
Changes in Freud'S view of layout of the mind
therapy (analytical theory)
abnormal theory (Client-centered theory)
25. First drugs for psychopathology; - usually to treat positive symptoms of schizophrenia (delusion and hallucination) by blocking dopamine receptors and inhibiting dopamine production (ex. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine®) - and haloperidol (Haldol®))
Identification
Antipsychotics
Rational-Emotive Theory
Psychopharmacology (criticisms)
26. Provides tools and experience that client can use to be more assertive
criticism (individual theory)
Gestalt Theory (originators)
Melanie Klein
Assertiveness training
27. Jung - universally meaningful concepts - passed through collective unconscious; - allow us to organize experiences with consistent themes and indicated by cross-cultural similarity in symbols - folklore - myths; - Common archetypes: persona - shadow
transference
archetype
therapy (Rational-Emotive Theory)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
28. Uses operant principle of negative reinforcement to increase anxiety - anxiety-reaction created where there was none; usually to treat addiction and fetishes
Empathy
Aversion therapy
archetype
Repression or denial
29. Negative views about the self - the world - and the future; causes depression
Dreams
Cognitive triad
Therapy (Behavior theory)
abnormal theory (Psychopharmacology)
30. The death instinct - including self-destructive behavior
Reality principle
Role playing
Thanatos
Rationalization
31. Directed therapy helps expose and restructure maladaptive thought and reasoning patterns - generally short-term - therapist focuses on tangible evidence of client'S logic (what client says and does)
Systematic desensitization
Abraham Maslow
therapy (Cognitive Theory)
Magnifying/minimizing
32. Lessen the unconscious pressures on the individual by making as much of it conscious as possible - allow the ego to be a better mediator of forces
superego
therapy (individual theory)
Goal of therapy (psychoanalytic theory)
Repression or denial
33. Phlegmatic - low in activity and high in social contribution - dependent
therapy (analytical theory)
analytical theory
Hierarchy of needs
getting-learning type
34. People work their way up hierarchy toward self-actualization by satisfying needs at the previous level: physiological needs - hunger - thirst - shelter - warmth - safety - security - stability - lack of fear - belonging - love - acceptance - esteem -
goal of therapy (Rational-Emotive Theory)
Arbitrary inference
Hierarchy of needs
Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)
35. short-term and directed; - thoughts - feelings and unconsciousness not addressed; - Therapist use counterconditioning techniques to help client learn new responses; - Techniques: systematic desensitization - flooding or implosive therapy - aversion t
Therapy (Behavior theory)
Play therapy
Monoamines (examples)
countertransference
36. Methodology - theory developed from single case studies - which is not scientific
Hierarchy of needs
criticism (psychoanalytic theory)
individual theory
Dichotomous thinking
37. Ritualistic activity to relieve anxiety about unconscious drives
aggression
behavior theory (originators)
Undoing
Topographic model of mental life
38. Albert Ellis
Rational-Emotive Theory (originator)
Collective unconscious
therapy (Gestalt Theory)
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
39. Accusing others of having one'S own unacceptable feelings
Topographic model of mental life
Anxiolytics
Gestalt Theory (originators)
Projection
40. Act only on serotonin - most frequently prescribed because fewer side effects than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs); Ex. fluoxetine (Prozac®) - paroxetine (Paxil®) - sertraline (Zoloft®)
Melanie Klein
Genuineness/congruence
Antidepressants (+types)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
41. Client-centered therapist must appreciate rather than just observe client'S perspective
Stress-inoculation training
Empathy
Reaction formation
Cognitive triad
42. The branch of psychology that uses principles or research findings to solve people'S problems
abnormal theory (Gestalt Theory)
Genuineness/congruence
Applied psychology
Goal of therapy (psychoanalytic theory)
43. Emphasized culture and society over instinct; suggested neuroticism expressed as movement toward - against - and away from people
ego
abnormal theory (Gestalt Theory)
Karen Horney
criticism (Cognitive Theory)
44. Shifting unacceptable feelings/actions to a less threatening recipient
Displacement
Role playing
abnormal theory (Psychopharmacology)
Shaping
45. Person'S outer mask - mediator to external world; masks in cultures
Melanie Klein
Humanistic theory
Persona
abnormal theory (individual theory)
46. To provide relief from symptoms of psychopathology
Psychopharmacology (goal of therapy)
abnormal theory (psychoanalytic theory)
criticism (Gestalt Theory)
Identification
47. Joseph Wolpe - applies classical conditioning to relieve anxiety - exposed to increasingly anxiety-provoking stimuli until anxiety is decreased - start from staring at a picture of snake and then eventually holding on
Unconditional positive regard
Karen Horney
Systematic desensitization
therapy (individual theory)
48. Client-centered therapist must maintain positivity regardless of choices - feelings or insights to facilitate a trusting and safe environment
eros
Unconditional positive regard
Repression or denial
Animus
49. Carl Rogers - Person centered/Rogerian theory - humanistic --> it has an optimistic outlook on human nature; - individual have an actualizing tendency that directs them out of conflict and toward full potential - best accomplished in atmosphere that
Client-centered theory
hypnosis
superego
Anna Freud
50. Child clients; during play a child may convey emotions - situations - or disturbances conveyed might otherwise go unexpressed
goal of therapy (individual theory)
Psychopharmacology (goal of therapy)
Abnormal theory (Behavior theory)
Play therapy
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