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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Possessing both male and female qualities
Abraham Maslow
Androgynous
Nomothetic approach
Narcissism
2. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Idiographic approach
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Learned helplessness
Personality tests (2 types)
3. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
trait
William Sheldon
Proprium or propriate function
Alice Eagly
4. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Learned optimism
Androgynous
Matina Horner
William Sheldon
5. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Hans Eysenck
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Kay Deaux
Learned optimism
6. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
7. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Barnum effect
Type theory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-consciousness
8. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Costa and McCrae
Type A personality
Self-efficacy
Type theory
9. External and internal locus of control
William Sheldon
Big Five
Sandra Bem
Julian Rotter
10. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Personality
interactionists
Self-efficacy
Authoritarianism
11. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Personality
Trait hierarchy
Barnum effect
Martin Seligman
12. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Fundamental attribution error
Dispositional attribution
Kay Deaux
Personality
13. Personality changes little after age 30
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-monitoring
Self-handicapping
Costa and McCrae
14. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Fundamental attribution error
Big Five
personal constructs
dispositionist
15. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-consciousness
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Mesomorph
Dispositional attribution
16. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Dispositional attribution
Self-monitoring
Mesomorph
Internal locus of control
17. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Sandra Bem
Gordon Allport
Lexical approach
18. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Self-efficacy
Personality tests (2 types)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
trait
19. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Bem Sex Role Inventory
External locus of control
Twin studies
Gender and depression
20. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Self-efficacy
Grant Dahlstrom
Mirrors
Dispositional attribution
21. Have a great need for arousal
Mesomorph
Stimulus-seeking individuals
External locus of control
dispositionist
22. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Learned helplessness
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Cognitive prototype approach
Consistency paradox
23. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Costa and McCrae
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-awareness
Nomothetic approach
24. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Alice Eagly
3 personality theories
Fundamental attribution error
25. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Endomorph
Twin studies
Mesomorph
Implicit theories (personality)
26. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Costa and McCrae
Henry Murray
Narcissism
Dispositional attribution
27. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Lexical approach
Seymour Epstein
Phenomenological view (personality)
Martin Seligman
28. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
dispositionist
trait
Self-efficacy
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
29. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Personality
Self-monitoring
Mesomorph
Hans Eysenck
30. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
dispositionist
Raymond Cattell
Alice Eagly
Costa and McCrae
31. Hierarchy of needs
Authoritarianism
Hans Eysenck
Sandra Bem
Abraham Maslow
32. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Taxonomies
Trait hierarchy
Phenomenological view (personality)
dispositionist
33. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
personal constructs
Type A personality
Martin Seligman
Self-awareness
34. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Twin studies
Martin Seligman
Henry Murray
Kay Deaux
35. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Matina Horner
Phrenology
Julian Rotter
Nomothetic approach
36. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Self-awareness
Personality
Raymond Cattell
Learned optimism
37. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Martin Seligman
Implicit theories (personality)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Gender and depression
38. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Taxonomies
Phrenology
Martin Seligman
Mirrors
39. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Proprium or propriate function
Raymond Cattell
Nomothetic approach
Martin Seligman
40. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Seymour Epstein
Phenomenological view (personality)
Idiographic approach
Raymond Cattell
41. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Costa and McCrae
Seymour Epstein
George Kelley
Twin studies
42. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Gordon Allport
situationists
Costa and McCrae
Self-consciousness
43. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Henry Murray
Learned optimism
Self-awareness
Hans Eysenck
44. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Idiographic approach
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Twin studies
Authoritarianism
45. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Abraham Maslow
Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Ectomorph
46. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
3 personality theories
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Matina Horner
Self-consciousness
47. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Narcissism
William Sheldon
Martin Seligman
External locus of control
48. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Fundamental attribution error
Taxonomies
Self-monitoring
Kay Deaux
49. Somatotypes personality theory
Phrenology
Narcissism
Twin studies
William Sheldon
50. Only circumstances determine behavior
Implicit theories (personality)
George Kelley
Cognitive prototype approach
situationists