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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Hans Eysenck
External locus of control
Self-awareness
Internal locus of control
2. Personality changes little after age 30
Costa and McCrae
Self-awareness
interactionists
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
3. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Authoritarianism
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Gender and depression
Hans Eysenck
4. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Self-efficacy
Endomorph
Abraham Maslow
Mesomorph
5. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
William Sheldon
Personality
Consistency paradox
Henry Murray
6. Studied Type A personality
Raymond Cattell
Seymour Epstein
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Big Five
7. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-handicapping
Barnum effect
8. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Taxonomies
Dispositional attribution
Henry Murray
dispositionist
9. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
3 personality theories
Grant Dahlstrom
Dispositional attribution
10. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
personal constructs
Twin studies
Self-consciousness
Learned helplessness
11. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Self-awareness
Internal locus of control
Gordon Allport
interactionists
12. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
External locus of control
situationists
Consistency paradox
13. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Trait hierarchy
Learned optimism
Consistency paradox
Hans Eysenck
14. External and internal locus of control
Costa and McCrae
Julian Rotter
Cognitive prototype approach
Martin Seligman
15. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Learned helplessness
Lexical approach
Idiographic approach
16. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Cognitive prototype approach
Implicit theories (personality)
Gordon Allport
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
17. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Lexical approach
Trait hierarchy
Seymour Epstein
18. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Alice Eagly
Gender and depression
dispositionist
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
19. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Self-efficacy
trait
Learned optimism
Learned helplessness
20. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Mirrors
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Twin studies
Phrenology
21. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
22. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Personality tests (2 types)
Julian Rotter
Dispositional attribution
Learned helplessness
23. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Personality tests (2 types)
Barnum effect
Self-efficacy
situationists
24. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Phenomenological view (personality)
Grant Dahlstrom
Raymond Cattell
Alice Eagly
25. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Consistency paradox
Martin Seligman
Personality tests (2 types)
Self-handicapping
26. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
William Sheldon
Mesomorph
Learned helplessness
Raymond Cattell
27. Cognitive prototype approach
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Sandra Bem
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Gender and depression
28. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Trait hierarchy
Fundamental attribution error
Lexical approach
29. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Self-handicapping
Implicit theories (personality)
Twin studies
personal constructs
30. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Endomorph
Kay Deaux
Nomothetic approach
Mesomorph
31. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Big Five
Martin Seligman
Alice Eagly
32. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Type theory
Trait hierarchy
Personality tests (2 types)
Gordon Allport
33. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
3 personality theories
Dispositional attribution
Self-awareness
Self-consciousness
34. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
George Kelley
Kay Deaux
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Sandra Bem
35. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Ectomorph
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Proprium or propriate function
Internal locus of control
36. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
George Kelley
Mirrors
Learned optimism
37. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Phenomenological view (personality)
Idiographic approach
trait
Personality
38. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Julian Rotter
Kay Deaux
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
39. Possessing both male and female qualities
Alice Eagly
Androgynous
Abraham Maslow
Kay Deaux
40. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Learned helplessness
Raymond Cattell
External locus of control
Idiographic approach
41. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Self-esteem
trait
Type theory
Julian Rotter
42. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-efficacy
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-awareness
Big Five
43. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Consistency paradox
Raymond Cattell
Sandra Bem
Bem Sex Role Inventory
44. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Self-monitoring
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Self-consciousness
Nomothetic approach
45. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Grant Dahlstrom
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-awareness
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
46. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Henry Murray
Phrenology
Julian Rotter
Alice Eagly
47. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Type A personality
Self-awareness
External locus of control
William Sheldon
48. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Phrenology
Julian Rotter
situationists
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
49. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Barnum effect
Cognitive prototype approach
Gordon Allport
dispositionist
50. Learned helplessness
Ectomorph
Martin Seligman
Seymour Epstein
trait