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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Costa and McCrae
Raymond Cattell
Trait hierarchy
Henry Murray
2. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Self-esteem
trait
interactionists
Nomothetic approach
3. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Mesomorph
Self-monitoring
Idiographic approach
3 personality theories
4. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
External locus of control
trait
Self-efficacy
5. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Trait hierarchy
Mirrors
Fundamental attribution error
Raymond Cattell
6. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Costa and McCrae
Martin Seligman
Matina Horner
Taxonomies
7. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
3 personality theories
William Sheldon
Lexical approach
Dispositional attribution
8. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Endomorph
Self-consciousness
Self-efficacy
3 personality theories
9. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-esteem
Mesomorph
Trait hierarchy
10. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Gordon Allport
Type theory
Authoritarianism
Barnum effect
11. Somatotypes personality theory
Personality
situationists
Grant Dahlstrom
William Sheldon
12. Critical of personality trait theory
Julian Rotter
Ectomorph
Seymour Epstein
interactionists
13. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Mirrors
Barnum effect
Taxonomies
Self-awareness
14. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Dispositional attribution
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Seymour Epstein
Type theory
15. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Androgynous
Dispositional attribution
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
16. Have a great need for arousal
Cognitive prototype approach
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Stimulus-seeking individuals
External locus of control
17. Personality changes little after age 30
Learned helplessness
Costa and McCrae
Dispositional attribution
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
18. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
trait
Mesomorph
Self-esteem
Kay Deaux
19. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Abraham Maslow
Dispositional attribution
Self-monitoring
Twin studies
20. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Self-awareness
Big Five
interactionists
Proprium or propriate function
21. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Fundamental attribution error
Learned optimism
Grant Dahlstrom
dispositionist
22. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Lexical approach
Gender and depression
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Alice Eagly
23. External and internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
Learned optimism
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Big Five
24. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Barnum effect
Hans Eysenck
Personality tests (2 types)
Big Five
25. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Personality
Self-handicapping
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Twin studies
26. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Kay Deaux
Self-esteem
Idiographic approach
Bem Sex Role Inventory
27. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Gordon Allport
Raymond Cattell
Big Five
Phrenology
28. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Authoritarianism
Costa and McCrae
Narcissism
situationists
29. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Personality tests (2 types)
Raymond Cattell
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
30. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Taxonomies
Dispositional attribution
Self-monitoring
Matina Horner
31. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Self-awareness
Grant Dahlstrom
Lexical approach
Learned helplessness
32. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-awareness
Personality
3 personality theories
33. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Mesomorph
3 personality theories
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Endomorph
34. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
External locus of control
dispositionist
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Big Five
35. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Sandra Bem
Martin Seligman
Phenomenological view (personality)
Lexical approach
36. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Consistency paradox
Taxonomies
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
3 personality theories
37. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Narcissism
Big Five
Sandra Bem
Learned helplessness
38. Learned helplessness
Self-efficacy
Proprium or propriate function
Authoritarianism
Martin Seligman
39. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Authoritarianism
Taxonomies
Self-consciousness
40. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
dispositionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Ectomorph
Julian Rotter
41. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Matina Horner
Mesomorph
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Gordon Allport
42. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Martin Seligman
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Alice Eagly
External locus of control
43. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Androgynous
Nomothetic approach
Authoritarianism
Cognitive prototype approach
44. Studied Type A personality
Implicit theories (personality)
Cognitive prototype approach
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
External locus of control
45. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Abraham Maslow
Self-awareness
personal constructs
46. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
47. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
3 personality theories
Trait hierarchy
Endomorph
Self-handicapping
48. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Self-efficacy
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Big Five
Nomothetic approach
49. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
Internal locus of control
Fundamental attribution error
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
50. Cognitive prototype approach
Grant Dahlstrom
Learned optimism
Type theory
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor