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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Belief that one can effectively perform a task






2. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior






3. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self






4. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure






5. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






6. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






7. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes






8. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience






9. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists






10. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-






11. Critical of personality trait theory






12. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






13. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






14. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem






15. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






16. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics






17. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently






18. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






19. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition






20. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






21. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






22. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






23. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






24. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






25. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph


26. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure






27. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed






28. Hierarchy of needs






29. External and internal locus of control






30. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire






31. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary






32. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality






33. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






34. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations






35. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men






36. Possessing both male and female qualities






37. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






38. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






39. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive






40. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically






41. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour






42. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)






43. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts






44. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations






45. Only circumstances determine behavior






46. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)






47. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced






48. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)






49. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist






50. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social