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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Learned optimism
Type theory
Twin studies
Kay Deaux
2. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Self-esteem
Henry Murray
Self-efficacy
Taxonomies
3. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Self-efficacy
Fundamental attribution error
4. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Gender and depression
Alice Eagly
Internal locus of control
Mesomorph
5. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
personal constructs
Narcissism
George Kelley
Martin Seligman
6. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Narcissism
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Personality tests (2 types)
Raymond Cattell
7. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Type theory
Self-handicapping
Seymour Epstein
Personality tests (2 types)
8. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Type theory
Gordon Allport
Stimulus-seeking individuals
personal constructs
9. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Endomorph
Nomothetic approach
Mirrors
10. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Type A personality
Personality tests (2 types)
Dispositional attribution
Self-awareness
11. Possessing both male and female qualities
Consistency paradox
Androgynous
Learned optimism
Type A personality
12. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Mirrors
Self-esteem
Self-consciousness
Gender and depression
13. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Phrenology
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Julian Rotter
14. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Learned optimism
Ectomorph
George Kelley
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
15. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
interactionists
Gender and depression
Implicit theories (personality)
16. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Alice Eagly
Internal locus of control
17. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Kay Deaux
Taxonomies
Dispositional attribution
Phrenology
18. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Lexical approach
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Mirrors
Fundamental attribution error
19. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
3 personality theories
Lexical approach
20. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Consistency paradox
trait
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
personal constructs
21. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Androgynous
Henry Murray
Learned helplessness
Self-consciousness
22. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
William Sheldon
Barnum effect
Lexical approach
Seymour Epstein
23. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
William Sheldon
Learned helplessness
dispositionist
Trait hierarchy
24. Studied Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Henry Murray
Type A personality
Internal locus of control
25. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
interactionists
Proprium or propriate function
personal constructs
Learned helplessness
26. Cognitive prototype approach
Fundamental attribution error
dispositionist
Alice Eagly
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
27. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
Proprium or propriate function
Implicit theories (personality)
Sandra Bem
28. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Kay Deaux
Self-handicapping
William Sheldon
Trait hierarchy
29. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Hans Eysenck
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Self-esteem
Alice Eagly
30. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Phrenology
External locus of control
Martin Seligman
Idiographic approach
31. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
trait
Mirrors
Trait hierarchy
Big Five
32. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Personality
Lexical approach
Learned optimism
Phenomenological view (personality)
33. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Androgynous
Consistency paradox
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Trait hierarchy
34. Learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
Personality tests (2 types)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Grant Dahlstrom
35. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Self-awareness
personal constructs
situationists
36. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Internal locus of control
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
personal constructs
dispositionist
37. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Costa and McCrae
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Gordon Allport
38. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Twin studies
Taxonomies
dispositionist
Seymour Epstein
39. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Abraham Maslow
Nomothetic approach
Costa and McCrae
Self-awareness
40. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Taxonomies
Grant Dahlstrom
Self-esteem
Abraham Maslow
41. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Mirrors
Type A personality
Self-consciousness
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
42. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Barnum effect
Endomorph
Lexical approach
3 personality theories
43. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Ectomorph
Personality tests (2 types)
Dispositional attribution
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
44. Have a great need for arousal
trait
Androgynous
Self-esteem
Stimulus-seeking individuals
45. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Nomothetic approach
Endomorph
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Internal locus of control
46. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Hans Eysenck
Big Five
personal constructs
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
47. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Abraham Maslow
Henry Murray
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Dispositional attribution
48. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Julian Rotter
Hans Eysenck
Big Five
Self-awareness
49. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Internal locus of control
Mesomorph
Matina Horner
50. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
3 personality theories
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Learned helplessness
Self-handicapping