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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Authoritarianism
Internal locus of control
Learned optimism
Narcissism
2. Hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Learned optimism
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
situationists
3. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Fundamental attribution error
Dispositional attribution
trait
4. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Personality
Barnum effect
Endomorph
Learned helplessness
5. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Implicit theories (personality)
Phrenology
Phenomenological view (personality)
Androgynous
6. Possessing both male and female qualities
Type theory
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Androgynous
Lexical approach
7. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Hans Eysenck
Type theory
Authoritarianism
Self-efficacy
8. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Dispositional attribution
Fundamental attribution error
3 personality theories
Nomothetic approach
9. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
trait
Narcissism
Kay Deaux
Abraham Maslow
10. Somatotypes personality theory
Type A personality
dispositionist
Consistency paradox
William Sheldon
11. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Gordon Allport
trait
12. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Raymond Cattell
Self-awareness
Narcissism
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
13. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-awareness
Barnum effect
Seymour Epstein
Self-esteem
14. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
personal constructs
Ectomorph
Abraham Maslow
Learned helplessness
15. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Androgynous
Phrenology
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
16. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Phenomenological view (personality)
Henry Murray
Learned optimism
interactionists
17. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Big Five
Personality tests (2 types)
3 personality theories
Bem Sex Role Inventory
18. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Julian Rotter
Type A personality
Taxonomies
Ectomorph
19. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
situationists
Idiographic approach
Costa and McCrae
Internal locus of control
20. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Implicit theories (personality)
Self-esteem
Type A personality
Nomothetic approach
21. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
22. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Proprium or propriate function
Dispositional attribution
Nomothetic approach
trait
23. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Alice Eagly
Gender and depression
Gordon Allport
Phenomenological view (personality)
24. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Type A personality
Self-consciousness
Gender and depression
Mirrors
25. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Self-esteem
Grant Dahlstrom
Sandra Bem
Matina Horner
26. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
trait
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
External locus of control
Mirrors
27. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Narcissism
dispositionist
Ectomorph
Taxonomies
28. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Gordon Allport
Phenomenological view (personality)
Type theory
Taxonomies
29. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
3 personality theories
Consistency paradox
Self-handicapping
Idiographic approach
30. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Gender and depression
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Julian Rotter
Type A personality
31. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Abraham Maslow
Hans Eysenck
Sandra Bem
Type A personality
32. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Barnum effect
Nomothetic approach
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
situationists
33. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Big Five
Trait hierarchy
George Kelley
Raymond Cattell
34. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Twin studies
Type A personality
Self-efficacy
Implicit theories (personality)
35. Personality changes little after age 30
trait
Costa and McCrae
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
36. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Ectomorph
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Trait hierarchy
Seymour Epstein
37. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Consistency paradox
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Mirrors
38. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Endomorph
Phenomenological view (personality)
Mesomorph
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
39. External and internal locus of control
Androgynous
Idiographic approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Julian Rotter
40. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
personal constructs
Lexical approach
interactionists
Self-consciousness
41. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Julian Rotter
Internal locus of control
Sandra Bem
Type theory
42. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Alice Eagly
Self-handicapping
External locus of control
Lexical approach
43. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
William Sheldon
Self-efficacy
Proprium or propriate function
Phenomenological view (personality)
44. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Twin studies
Androgynous
Gordon Allport
45. Learned helplessness
Ectomorph
Abraham Maslow
trait
Martin Seligman
46. Critical of personality trait theory
Authoritarianism
Idiographic approach
Self-consciousness
Seymour Epstein
47. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Matina Horner
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Costa and McCrae
Proprium or propriate function
48. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Kay Deaux
personal constructs
Personality tests (2 types)
Phenomenological view (personality)
49. Have a great need for arousal
Idiographic approach
Gordon Allport
Endomorph
Stimulus-seeking individuals
50. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Trait hierarchy
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Androgynous