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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Critical of personality trait theory






2. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness






3. Learned helplessness






4. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences






5. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






6. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-






7. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist






8. Have a great need for arousal






9. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)






10. Somatotypes personality theory






11. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






12. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics






13. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts






14. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations






15. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






16. Hierarchy of needs






17. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience






18. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






19. Personality changes little after age 30






20. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced






21. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person






22. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






23. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






24. Studied Type A personality






25. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag






26. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






27. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism






28. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






29. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






30. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






31. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)






32. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men






33. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes






34. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






35. Belief that one can effectively perform a task






36. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






37. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently






38. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






39. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings






40. Possessing both male and female qualities






41. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists






42. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






43. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality






44. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire






45. External and internal locus of control






46. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph


47. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed






48. Cognitive training against learned helplessness






49. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






50. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra