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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour






2. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






3. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






4. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






5. Somatotypes personality theory






6. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






7. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics






8. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality






9. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior






10. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






11. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality






12. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






13. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






14. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men






15. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






16. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations






17. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced






18. Have a great need for arousal






19. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






20. External and internal locus of control






21. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire






22. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists






23. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically






24. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings






25. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






26. Hierarchy of needs






27. Cognitive training against learned helplessness






28. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag






29. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently






30. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience






31. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts






32. Personality changes little after age 30






33. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes






34. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-






35. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure






36. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






37. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






38. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive






39. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences






40. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary






41. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






42. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)






43. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist






44. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual






45. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social






46. Cognitive prototype approach






47. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)






48. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem






49. Only circumstances determine behavior






50. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra