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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-consciousness
Implicit theories (personality)
Self-awareness
dispositionist
2. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Barnum effect
Twin studies
Consistency paradox
Androgynous
3. Have a great need for arousal
Ectomorph
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Sandra Bem
Stimulus-seeking individuals
4. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
personal constructs
situationists
Nomothetic approach
Raymond Cattell
5. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Implicit theories (personality)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Alice Eagly
6. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Learned helplessness
Mirrors
Mesomorph
7. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Personality tests (2 types)
personal constructs
Internal locus of control
Taxonomies
8. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
personal constructs
Self-monitoring
Bem Sex Role Inventory
9. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Trait hierarchy
Self-consciousness
Learned optimism
Raymond Cattell
10. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Androgynous
Learned helplessness
Implicit theories (personality)
Matina Horner
11. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
External locus of control
Idiographic approach
Dispositional attribution
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
12. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Type A personality
Costa and McCrae
trait
Self-esteem
13. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Type theory
Lexical approach
Big Five
George Kelley
14. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Trait hierarchy
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Kay Deaux
personal constructs
15. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
3 personality theories
William Sheldon
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Nomothetic approach
16. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Kay Deaux
Gordon Allport
Ectomorph
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
17. Learned helplessness
Twin studies
Martin Seligman
Implicit theories (personality)
Proprium or propriate function
18. Possessing both male and female qualities
Implicit theories (personality)
Twin studies
Kay Deaux
Androgynous
19. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Alice Eagly
interactionists
Learned optimism
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
20. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Authoritarianism
External locus of control
Self-monitoring
Self-handicapping
21. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Fundamental attribution error
Costa and McCrae
Consistency paradox
Endomorph
22. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Internal locus of control
interactionists
Self-efficacy
Personality tests (2 types)
23. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Self-monitoring
Implicit theories (personality)
personal constructs
Big Five
24. External and internal locus of control
Costa and McCrae
Matina Horner
Henry Murray
Julian Rotter
25. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Authoritarianism
Personality
Self-efficacy
Mesomorph
26. Somatotypes personality theory
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Type theory
Kay Deaux
William Sheldon
27. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Phenomenological view (personality)
Lexical approach
Type theory
Cognitive prototype approach
28. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Type A personality
Mesomorph
Julian Rotter
Self-esteem
29. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
William Sheldon
Fundamental attribution error
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Personality tests (2 types)
30. Personality changes little after age 30
Androgynous
Costa and McCrae
Fundamental attribution error
Internal locus of control
31. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Taxonomies
Alice Eagly
Big Five
32. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Seymour Epstein
Personality tests (2 types)
Kay Deaux
Martin Seligman
33. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Seymour Epstein
dispositionist
Learned optimism
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
34. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Narcissism
Self-handicapping
Matina Horner
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
35. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Matina Horner
situationists
interactionists
Bem Sex Role Inventory
36. Cognitive prototype approach
interactionists
dispositionist
Phenomenological view (personality)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
37. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
situationists
Dispositional attribution
Implicit theories (personality)
Taxonomies
38. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Gender and depression
Fundamental attribution error
trait
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
39. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Idiographic approach
Self-esteem
Gender and depression
Learned optimism
40. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
situationists
Gordon Allport
Personality tests (2 types)
Endomorph
41. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Raymond Cattell
Julian Rotter
George Kelley
42. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Matina Horner
interactionists
Internal locus of control
43. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
External locus of control
Self-efficacy
Androgynous
Learned helplessness
44. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-efficacy
Henry Murray
Trait hierarchy
Raymond Cattell
45. Critical of personality trait theory
Mirrors
Fundamental attribution error
Seymour Epstein
Mesomorph
46. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Lexical approach
Phenomenological view (personality)
Twin studies
Idiographic approach
47. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Consistency paradox
Androgynous
Martin Seligman
Personality tests (2 types)
48. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Mesomorph
Self-monitoring
Phrenology
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
49. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Nomothetic approach
Cognitive prototype approach
Implicit theories (personality)
Learned optimism
50. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Matina Horner
Self-esteem
Alice Eagly
Grant Dahlstrom