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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire






2. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations






3. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings






4. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






5. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






6. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality






7. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






8. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self






9. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






10. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






11. Somatotypes personality theory






12. Critical of personality trait theory






13. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations






14. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes






15. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)






16. Have a great need for arousal






17. Personality changes little after age 30






18. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically






19. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






20. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience






21. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






22. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed






23. External and internal locus of control






24. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






25. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure






26. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






27. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality






28. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem






29. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)






30. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)






31. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






32. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






33. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists






34. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior






35. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary






36. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition






37. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism






38. Learned helplessness






39. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure






40. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual






41. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive






42. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






43. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






44. Studied Type A personality






45. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist






46. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph


47. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social






48. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality






49. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






50. Cognitive prototype approach