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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer
50
questions in
15 minutes
.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Type theory
personal constructs
Fundamental attribution error
Alice Eagly
2. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Costa and McCrae
Authoritarianism
Learned helplessness
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
3. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Seymour Epstein
Proprium or propriate function
Self-esteem
Learned optimism
4. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Mesomorph
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Nomothetic approach
Self-efficacy
5. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Seymour Epstein
Gender and depression
George Kelley
Big Five
6. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Grant Dahlstrom
Costa and McCrae
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Sandra Bem
7. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
interactionists
George Kelley
Proprium or propriate function
8. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
William Sheldon
Matina Horner
Implicit theories (personality)
Raymond Cattell
9. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Matina Horner
situationists
Cognitive prototype approach
Idiographic approach
10. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-handicapping
Grant Dahlstrom
External locus of control
Nomothetic approach
11. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Self-monitoring
Big Five
Hans Eysenck
Authoritarianism
12. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Alice Eagly
External locus of control
personal constructs
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
13. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
14. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Seymour Epstein
Mesomorph
Alice Eagly
Barnum effect
15. Only circumstances determine behavior
Kay Deaux
situationists
Sandra Bem
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
16. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Kay Deaux
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Fundamental attribution error
Big Five
17. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Authoritarianism
Learned helplessness
Cognitive prototype approach
Dispositional attribution
18. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Personality tests (2 types)
Seymour Epstein
Nomothetic approach
Consistency paradox
19. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Idiographic approach
Learned optimism
3 personality theories
Trait hierarchy
20. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Gordon Allport
Phenomenological view (personality)
Julian Rotter
dispositionist
21. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
George Kelley
3 personality theories
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
22. Somatotypes personality theory
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Seymour Epstein
William Sheldon
Taxonomies
23. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Matina Horner
Endomorph
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
24. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Raymond Cattell
Cognitive prototype approach
Trait hierarchy
Bem Sex Role Inventory
25. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
3 personality theories
Mirrors
Personality tests (2 types)
Lexical approach
26. Critical of personality trait theory
Hans Eysenck
Dispositional attribution
Seymour Epstein
Androgynous
27. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Matina Horner
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Implicit theories (personality)
28. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Personality tests (2 types)
trait
Phrenology
Matina Horner
29. Learned helplessness
Phenomenological view (personality)
Martin Seligman
Julian Rotter
Abraham Maslow
30. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Seymour Epstein
Self-awareness
Implicit theories (personality)
Nomothetic approach
31. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Consistency paradox
Self-efficacy
Costa and McCrae
External locus of control
32. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Phenomenological view (personality)
Nomothetic approach
Self-awareness
Self-monitoring
33. Hierarchy of needs
William Sheldon
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Abraham Maslow
situationists
34. Cognitive prototype approach
Internal locus of control
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Self-esteem
Alice Eagly
35. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Mesomorph
Lexical approach
Taxonomies
Consistency paradox
36. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Gordon Allport
Personality tests (2 types)
dispositionist
37. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Type theory
Phenomenological view (personality)
Consistency paradox
Idiographic approach
38. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-consciousness
Taxonomies
Ectomorph
trait
39. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
interactionists
Julian Rotter
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
dispositionist
40. External and internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
interactionists
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Grant Dahlstrom
41. Personality changes little after age 30
Phrenology
Costa and McCrae
Self-monitoring
Personality tests (2 types)
42. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-consciousness
Endomorph
Mirrors
43. Have a great need for arousal
Raymond Cattell
Mesomorph
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
44. Possessing both male and female qualities
Phrenology
Androgynous
Self-handicapping
Lexical approach
45. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
situationists
Hans Eysenck
Costa and McCrae
Martin Seligman
46. Studied Type A personality
Raymond Cattell
Fundamental attribution error
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Internal locus of control
47. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
personal constructs
Ectomorph
Alice Eagly
Gender and depression
48. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
George Kelley
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
3 personality theories
Kay Deaux
49. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
personal constructs
External locus of control
George Kelley
Type theory
50. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Mesomorph
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Personality tests (2 types)
Self-consciousness