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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Nomothetic approach
Ectomorph
Self-handicapping
Mirrors
2. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Twin studies
Consistency paradox
Alice Eagly
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
3. Have a great need for arousal
Taxonomies
Mirrors
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Stimulus-seeking individuals
4. External and internal locus of control
Sandra Bem
Big Five
Gender and depression
Julian Rotter
5. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Learned helplessness
Narcissism
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Alice Eagly
6. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Costa and McCrae
Grant Dahlstrom
personal constructs
Martin Seligman
7. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
trait
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Abraham Maslow
Ectomorph
8. Learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
Trait hierarchy
External locus of control
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
9. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Raymond Cattell
Stimulus-seeking individuals
interactionists
Phenomenological view (personality)
10. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
George Kelley
Learned optimism
Consistency paradox
Personality tests (2 types)
11. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
interactionists
Raymond Cattell
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
dispositionist
12. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Personality
Type A personality
External locus of control
Taxonomies
13. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Mirrors
Martin Seligman
14. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Costa and McCrae
Ectomorph
trait
Self-monitoring
15. Cognitive prototype approach
Personality
Self-esteem
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Consistency paradox
16. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Androgynous
Stimulus-seeking individuals
George Kelley
Type A personality
17. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Endomorph
Phenomenological view (personality)
Cognitive prototype approach
Type A personality
18. Critical of personality trait theory
Alice Eagly
Seymour Epstein
trait
Gordon Allport
19. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Martin Seligman
dispositionist
Sandra Bem
Personality tests (2 types)
20. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Personality
Self-consciousness
situationists
Lexical approach
21. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Costa and McCrae
Gordon Allport
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Dispositional attribution
22. Possessing both male and female qualities
Implicit theories (personality)
Raymond Cattell
Androgynous
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
23. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Henry Murray
Gender and depression
Self-monitoring
Phenomenological view (personality)
24. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Self-esteem
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Phrenology
Dispositional attribution
25. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Seymour Epstein
Trait hierarchy
Barnum effect
26. Somatotypes personality theory
William Sheldon
Grant Dahlstrom
Hans Eysenck
Sandra Bem
27. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Phenomenological view (personality)
Taxonomies
Gender and depression
Self-efficacy
28. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
dispositionist
Henry Murray
Matina Horner
Martin Seligman
29. Studied Type A personality
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
William Sheldon
Implicit theories (personality)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
30. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Consistency paradox
Self-esteem
Matina Horner
Seymour Epstein
31. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Trait hierarchy
External locus of control
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-awareness
32. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Self-esteem
Consistency paradox
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Gender and depression
33. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Matina Horner
situationists
trait
Endomorph
34. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Matina Horner
Costa and McCrae
Narcissism
Gordon Allport
35. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Lexical approach
Self-esteem
Authoritarianism
Personality tests (2 types)
36. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Internal locus of control
Proprium or propriate function
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Idiographic approach
37. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Alice Eagly
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Fundamental attribution error
Barnum effect
38. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Proprium or propriate function
Self-efficacy
Self-handicapping
William Sheldon
39. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
3 personality theories
Mesomorph
Phrenology
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
40. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Julian Rotter
Gender and depression
Alice Eagly
Hans Eysenck
41. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Nomothetic approach
Barnum effect
Self-consciousness
Ectomorph
42. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Personality
Dispositional attribution
Sandra Bem
Bem Sex Role Inventory
43. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Internal locus of control
Matina Horner
Fundamental attribution error
3 personality theories
44. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Self-awareness
Phenomenological view (personality)
interactionists
3 personality theories
45. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Barnum effect
situationists
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Learned optimism
46. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Fundamental attribution error
Learned helplessness
Mesomorph
47. Personality changes little after age 30
Henry Murray
Personality tests (2 types)
Costa and McCrae
Taxonomies
48. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Barnum effect
Gender and depression
Costa and McCrae
Hans Eysenck
49. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Type theory
Kay Deaux
Self-efficacy
3 personality theories
50. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Seymour Epstein
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Twin studies