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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Learned optimism
Taxonomies
Consistency paradox
2. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Self-awareness
Grant Dahlstrom
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
3. Possessing both male and female qualities
Raymond Cattell
Androgynous
Trait hierarchy
Ectomorph
4. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Hans Eysenck
Self-awareness
trait
5. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Internal locus of control
Authoritarianism
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Phrenology
6. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Idiographic approach
Self-handicapping
Mirrors
William Sheldon
7. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Self-awareness
Phrenology
Narcissism
Androgynous
8. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Kay Deaux
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Gordon Allport
Internal locus of control
9. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Raymond Cattell
Mesomorph
Implicit theories (personality)
Self-esteem
10. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Hans Eysenck
Martin Seligman
Personality
Self-handicapping
11. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Alice Eagly
Fundamental attribution error
Abraham Maslow
Bem Sex Role Inventory
12. Hierarchy of needs
Phenomenological view (personality)
dispositionist
Abraham Maslow
Kay Deaux
13. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Personality
Endomorph
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Self-handicapping
14. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Type A personality
Lexical approach
Henry Murray
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
15. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Self-awareness
Internal locus of control
Personality
Learned optimism
16. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Abraham Maslow
Learned optimism
Self-monitoring
Julian Rotter
17. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Learned optimism
Dispositional attribution
Type A personality
George Kelley
18. Have a great need for arousal
Dispositional attribution
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Sandra Bem
Mirrors
19. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Personality tests (2 types)
George Kelley
Twin studies
Lexical approach
20. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Endomorph
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
William Sheldon
Learned helplessness
21. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Abraham Maslow
Trait hierarchy
External locus of control
Learned optimism
22. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Narcissism
Authoritarianism
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Phenomenological view (personality)
23. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Nomothetic approach
Mesomorph
Mirrors
Seymour Epstein
24. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Personality tests (2 types)
Gordon Allport
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Dispositional attribution
25. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Personality tests (2 types)
Kay Deaux
3 personality theories
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
26. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
dispositionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Proprium or propriate function
Ectomorph
27. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
28. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Costa and McCrae
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
External locus of control
29. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Proprium or propriate function
Self-esteem
Authoritarianism
Barnum effect
30. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Matina Horner
Authoritarianism
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
trait
31. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Cognitive prototype approach
Trait hierarchy
Authoritarianism
Big Five
32. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Nomothetic approach
William Sheldon
Matina Horner
Learned helplessness
33. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Big Five
Hans Eysenck
Abraham Maslow
Personality
34. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Lexical approach
External locus of control
Implicit theories (personality)
dispositionist
35. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Dispositional attribution
Julian Rotter
36. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
situationists
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Learned optimism
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
37. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Cognitive prototype approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Abraham Maslow
38. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Barnum effect
Learned helplessness
Abraham Maslow
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
39. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
William Sheldon
Self-handicapping
Phrenology
40. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
Raymond Cattell
Trait hierarchy
Seymour Epstein
41. Somatotypes personality theory
Implicit theories (personality)
William Sheldon
Androgynous
Henry Murray
42. Critical of personality trait theory
Nomothetic approach
dispositionist
Phrenology
Seymour Epstein
43. External and internal locus of control
Barnum effect
Julian Rotter
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Nomothetic approach
44. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Costa and McCrae
Learned optimism
Stimulus-seeking individuals
45. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
situationists
Raymond Cattell
Gender and depression
Phrenology
46. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
interactionists
Gender and depression
Trait hierarchy
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
47. Learned helplessness
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Alice Eagly
Ectomorph
Martin Seligman
48. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Grant Dahlstrom
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Mesomorph
Twin studies
49. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Fundamental attribution error
Personality tests (2 types)
Self-handicapping
Type A personality
50. Cognitive prototype approach
Costa and McCrae
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Lexical approach
Narcissism