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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Nomothetic approach
Twin studies
Type A personality
Idiographic approach
2. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
Nomothetic approach
Costa and McCrae
Mesomorph
3. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Self-awareness
Henry Murray
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
4. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Androgynous
Barnum effect
Gender and depression
Lexical approach
5. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Self-consciousness
Proprium or propriate function
Sandra Bem
Learned helplessness
6. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Dispositional attribution
Gordon Allport
Twin studies
7. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Type A personality
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Learned helplessness
Seymour Epstein
8. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Phenomenological view (personality)
Costa and McCrae
Self-efficacy
Bem Sex Role Inventory
9. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Gender and depression
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Martin Seligman
Hans Eysenck
10. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-monitoring
Personality
George Kelley
11. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Grant Dahlstrom
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Mesomorph
12. Critical of personality trait theory
Type A personality
Raymond Cattell
External locus of control
Seymour Epstein
13. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
Sandra Bem
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Self-awareness
14. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Dispositional attribution
Learned helplessness
Mirrors
Learned optimism
15. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Kay Deaux
Self-handicapping
Barnum effect
Proprium or propriate function
16. Studied Type A personality
Kay Deaux
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Internal locus of control
17. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Narcissism
Costa and McCrae
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Authoritarianism
18. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Nomothetic approach
Mesomorph
Julian Rotter
Big Five
19. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Personality
Gordon Allport
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-monitoring
20. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Alice Eagly
Idiographic approach
Personality
Trait hierarchy
21. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Ectomorph
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Cognitive prototype approach
22. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Mesomorph
Martin Seligman
Personality
Fundamental attribution error
23. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Phenomenological view (personality)
Twin studies
Phrenology
Gordon Allport
24. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Implicit theories (personality)
Consistency paradox
Nomothetic approach
dispositionist
25. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Authoritarianism
Learned optimism
Mesomorph
26. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Julian Rotter
Idiographic approach
Phenomenological view (personality)
Authoritarianism
27. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
personal constructs
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Matina Horner
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
28. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Taxonomies
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Raymond Cattell
29. Hierarchy of needs
Barnum effect
Type A personality
Abraham Maslow
Sandra Bem
30. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Proprium or propriate function
Taxonomies
Implicit theories (personality)
Gender and depression
31. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Phenomenological view (personality)
Internal locus of control
Lexical approach
trait
32. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Twin studies
Narcissism
Self-handicapping
33. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
External locus of control
Learned optimism
William Sheldon
34. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
3 personality theories
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Phenomenological view (personality)
Raymond Cattell
35. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Androgynous
William Sheldon
Learned optimism
Mesomorph
36. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Personality tests (2 types)
interactionists
Julian Rotter
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
37. External and internal locus of control
Big Five
Julian Rotter
External locus of control
Matina Horner
38. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Phenomenological view (personality)
Self-consciousness
External locus of control
Bem Sex Role Inventory
39. Learned helplessness
Henry Murray
Martin Seligman
Self-consciousness
Nomothetic approach
40. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Matina Horner
Hans Eysenck
Mirrors
41. Cognitive prototype approach
Self-esteem
Self-consciousness
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Twin studies
42. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
dispositionist
Trait hierarchy
Taxonomies
43. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
3 personality theories
Self-esteem
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Personality
44. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-handicapping
situationists
Type theory
Consistency paradox
45. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Self-efficacy
Learned helplessness
Type theory
Kay Deaux
46. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
personal constructs
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Gordon Allport
Dispositional attribution
47. Personality changes little after age 30
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Costa and McCrae
Proprium or propriate function
Phrenology
48. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Phrenology
Ectomorph
Hans Eysenck
Consistency paradox
49. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Idiographic approach
William Sheldon
Mesomorph
Gender and depression
50. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Endomorph
Raymond Cattell
Implicit theories (personality)
Sandra Bem