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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Personality tests (2 types)
interactionists
personal constructs
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
2. Critical of personality trait theory
Matina Horner
Seymour Epstein
Type A personality
Raymond Cattell
3. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
personal constructs
Grant Dahlstrom
Proprium or propriate function
4. Cognitive prototype approach
Self-efficacy
Hans Eysenck
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
5. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Androgynous
Type theory
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Barnum effect
6. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Gordon Allport
Type theory
Kay Deaux
dispositionist
7. External and internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
Proprium or propriate function
dispositionist
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
8. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Sandra Bem
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Big Five
interactionists
9. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Proprium or propriate function
Grant Dahlstrom
Bem Sex Role Inventory
3 personality theories
10. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Barnum effect
Seymour Epstein
Personality tests (2 types)
Matina Horner
11. Personality changes little after age 30
Idiographic approach
Trait hierarchy
Matina Horner
Costa and McCrae
12. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
External locus of control
Twin studies
Mesomorph
Gender and depression
13. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Authoritarianism
dispositionist
Mesomorph
Personality tests (2 types)
14. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Self-efficacy
Taxonomies
Fundamental attribution error
Personality
15. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Self-handicapping
Mirrors
William Sheldon
16. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Sandra Bem
Big Five
17. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Self-monitoring
Type theory
George Kelley
Costa and McCrae
18. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Internal locus of control
Twin studies
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Matina Horner
19. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Self-esteem
Self-monitoring
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Bem Sex Role Inventory
20. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Gender and depression
Hans Eysenck
Self-awareness
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
21. Somatotypes personality theory
Costa and McCrae
William Sheldon
dispositionist
Type A personality
22. Studied Type A personality
Personality
Alice Eagly
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Lexical approach
23. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Proprium or propriate function
Taxonomies
Dispositional attribution
dispositionist
24. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Self-consciousness
Personality tests (2 types)
Endomorph
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
25. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-efficacy
Hans Eysenck
Idiographic approach
26. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Hans Eysenck
Mesomorph
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Learned optimism
27. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
personal constructs
Alice Eagly
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Fundamental attribution error
28. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Nomothetic approach
Alice Eagly
Personality tests (2 types)
interactionists
29. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Big Five
Trait hierarchy
Nomothetic approach
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
30. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Raymond Cattell
Type A personality
Lexical approach
Self-handicapping
31. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
External locus of control
Learned helplessness
Henry Murray
Gender and depression
32. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Cognitive prototype approach
Personality tests (2 types)
Alice Eagly
dispositionist
33. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
3 personality theories
Mirrors
Barnum effect
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
34. Hierarchy of needs
Phenomenological view (personality)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
External locus of control
Abraham Maslow
35. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Self-awareness
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Matina Horner
personal constructs
36. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Twin studies
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Big Five
37. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Proprium or propriate function
Twin studies
George Kelley
Trait hierarchy
38. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Learned helplessness
Narcissism
Ectomorph
Cognitive prototype approach
39. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Ectomorph
Self-awareness
Taxonomies
Grant Dahlstrom
40. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Authoritarianism
Raymond Cattell
dispositionist
41. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Big Five
Abraham Maslow
personal constructs
trait
42. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Personality tests (2 types)
Nomothetic approach
43. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Authoritarianism
Martin Seligman
trait
Grant Dahlstrom
44. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
45. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Costa and McCrae
Sandra Bem
Kay Deaux
46. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Kay Deaux
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
George Kelley
William Sheldon
47. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
William Sheldon
Self-consciousness
interactionists
Implicit theories (personality)
48. Have a great need for arousal
George Kelley
Self-monitoring
Endomorph
Stimulus-seeking individuals
49. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Twin studies
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Implicit theories (personality)
Type theory
50. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Kay Deaux
William Sheldon
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Taxonomies