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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
dispositionist
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Fundamental attribution error
Big Five
2. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Learned optimism
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
3. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Mesomorph
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-efficacy
Seymour Epstein
4. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Proprium or propriate function
Personality tests (2 types)
dispositionist
Alice Eagly
5. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
situationists
Hans Eysenck
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
6. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Personality
Hans Eysenck
George Kelley
dispositionist
7. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Fundamental attribution error
Idiographic approach
Endomorph
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
8. External and internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
Endomorph
Androgynous
personal constructs
9. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Type A personality
Learned helplessness
Androgynous
Dispositional attribution
10. Studied Type A personality
Idiographic approach
Proprium or propriate function
George Kelley
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
11. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
personal constructs
Henry Murray
Twin studies
Costa and McCrae
12. Personality changes little after age 30
Gordon Allport
Lexical approach
Costa and McCrae
Cognitive prototype approach
13. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Type theory
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Matina Horner
14. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
situationists
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Grant Dahlstrom
Type theory
15. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Type A personality
Self-efficacy
Self-consciousness
Trait hierarchy
16. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Fundamental attribution error
Taxonomies
Kay Deaux
Implicit theories (personality)
17. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Endomorph
Ectomorph
Type theory
Taxonomies
18. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Mesomorph
Lexical approach
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
interactionists
19. Have a great need for arousal
Proprium or propriate function
Androgynous
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Idiographic approach
20. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Taxonomies
Phenomenological view (personality)
Androgynous
dispositionist
21. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-handicapping
Sandra Bem
Phenomenological view (personality)
Ectomorph
22. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
3 personality theories
Narcissism
Matina Horner
Learned optimism
23. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Idiographic approach
Grant Dahlstrom
Personality
dispositionist
24. Cognitive prototype approach
Julian Rotter
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Cognitive prototype approach
Endomorph
25. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Type A personality
Gordon Allport
interactionists
26. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Kay Deaux
Big Five
Self-awareness
Gender and depression
27. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Gender and depression
Consistency paradox
interactionists
Matina Horner
28. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
3 personality theories
Martin Seligman
George Kelley
29. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Kay Deaux
Matina Horner
Narcissism
30. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Costa and McCrae
Endomorph
personal constructs
Implicit theories (personality)
31. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Sandra Bem
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Hans Eysenck
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
32. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Type A personality
Gender and depression
Type theory
Phrenology
33. Somatotypes personality theory
Costa and McCrae
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Implicit theories (personality)
William Sheldon
34. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Hans Eysenck
Personality tests (2 types)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
35. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
Julian Rotter
dispositionist
Self-handicapping
36. Learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
situationists
Abraham Maslow
Androgynous
37. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Phrenology
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Hans Eysenck
Lexical approach
38. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Personality tests (2 types)
situationists
Taxonomies
Gordon Allport
39. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Abraham Maslow
Personality
Self-monitoring
3 personality theories
40. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Self-esteem
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Phenomenological view (personality)
41. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-awareness
Sandra Bem
Internal locus of control
Idiographic approach
42. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Big Five
Learned optimism
Ectomorph
43. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Mirrors
Ectomorph
Cognitive prototype approach
Trait hierarchy
44. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
45. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Learned helplessness
Narcissism
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
46. Hierarchy of needs
Personality tests (2 types)
Idiographic approach
Abraham Maslow
Raymond Cattell
47. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Seymour Epstein
Gordon Allport
Ectomorph
Mesomorph
48. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Phenomenological view (personality)
Abraham Maslow
trait
personal constructs
49. Only circumstances determine behavior
Learned optimism
Proprium or propriate function
situationists
Gordon Allport
50. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Henry Murray
Consistency paradox
interactionists
dispositionist