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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






2. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






3. Belief that one can effectively perform a task






4. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience






5. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






6. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour






7. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics






8. External and internal locus of control






9. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






10. Studied Type A personality






11. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






12. Personality changes little after age 30






13. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)






14. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






15. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






16. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person






17. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality






18. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary






19. Have a great need for arousal






20. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior






21. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure






22. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem






23. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently






24. Cognitive prototype approach






25. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men






26. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






27. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition






28. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)






29. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






30. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations






31. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist






32. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed






33. Somatotypes personality theory






34. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






35. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire






36. Learned helplessness






37. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






38. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






39. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists






40. Possessing both male and female qualities






41. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






42. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual






43. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






44. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph


45. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism






46. Hierarchy of needs






47. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive






48. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






49. Only circumstances determine behavior






50. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations