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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






2. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






3. Critical of personality trait theory






4. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior






5. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure






6. Studied Type A personality






7. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






8. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality






9. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






10. Somatotypes personality theory






11. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






12. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






13. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists






14. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






15. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary






16. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






17. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






18. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person






19. Cognitive prototype approach






20. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem






21. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






22. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations






23. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced






24. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






25. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph


26. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social






27. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)






28. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences






29. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






30. Hierarchy of needs






31. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations






32. Have a great need for arousal






33. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure






34. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






35. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-






36. Cognitive training against learned helplessness






37. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






38. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience






39. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






40. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes






41. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






42. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self






43. Learned helplessness






44. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations






45. Personality changes little after age 30






46. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed






47. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality






48. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






49. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism






50. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag