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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
2. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Taxonomies
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Personality
Hans Eysenck
3. Cognitive prototype approach
Mirrors
Phrenology
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
4. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Internal locus of control
Sandra Bem
Authoritarianism
Self-monitoring
5. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Gordon Allport
Trait hierarchy
Hans Eysenck
Grant Dahlstrom
6. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Self-consciousness
William Sheldon
Idiographic approach
Bem Sex Role Inventory
7. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Matina Horner
Self-monitoring
Hans Eysenck
Big Five
8. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Nomothetic approach
Twin studies
Self-esteem
External locus of control
9. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-awareness
Martin Seligman
Julian Rotter
Lexical approach
10. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Mesomorph
Martin Seligman
Self-awareness
11. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
personal constructs
Mesomorph
Kay Deaux
Type theory
12. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Fundamental attribution error
Ectomorph
Gordon Allport
Matina Horner
13. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Narcissism
Henry Murray
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Authoritarianism
14. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Mirrors
Gordon Allport
Androgynous
15. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Endomorph
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Alice Eagly
Consistency paradox
16. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Hans Eysenck
Endomorph
Self-awareness
17. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Cognitive prototype approach
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Taxonomies
18. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Idiographic approach
interactionists
trait
Gender and depression
19. Critical of personality trait theory
Costa and McCrae
Big Five
Implicit theories (personality)
Seymour Epstein
20. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Phenomenological view (personality)
Hans Eysenck
situationists
Self-efficacy
21. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Trait hierarchy
Personality tests (2 types)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
22. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Mirrors
External locus of control
Consistency paradox
23. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Mesomorph
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Gender and depression
Matina Horner
24. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
William Sheldon
George Kelley
Henry Murray
Self-monitoring
25. Have a great need for arousal
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Hans Eysenck
3 personality theories
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
26. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Personality tests (2 types)
Costa and McCrae
Self-awareness
Lexical approach
27. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Type theory
Consistency paradox
Costa and McCrae
Proprium or propriate function
28. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Learned helplessness
dispositionist
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Personality tests (2 types)
29. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Lexical approach
Implicit theories (personality)
Twin studies
Raymond Cattell
30. Hierarchy of needs
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Abraham Maslow
Self-monitoring
personal constructs
31. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Gender and depression
dispositionist
Consistency paradox
32. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Authoritarianism
Trait hierarchy
Matina Horner
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
33. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
interactionists
Taxonomies
Martin Seligman
Alice Eagly
34. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
interactionists
Matina Horner
Gender and depression
3 personality theories
35. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Kay Deaux
dispositionist
trait
Endomorph
36. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Costa and McCrae
Gender and depression
Phenomenological view (personality)
Ectomorph
37. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Fundamental attribution error
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Personality
Type A personality
38. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
External locus of control
Henry Murray
Raymond Cattell
39. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Martin Seligman
George Kelley
Seymour Epstein
Dispositional attribution
40. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Self-consciousness
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-handicapping
Kay Deaux
41. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Narcissism
Raymond Cattell
Self-esteem
Big Five
42. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Self-efficacy
Gordon Allport
trait
personal constructs
43. External and internal locus of control
Taxonomies
Julian Rotter
Type theory
Fundamental attribution error
44. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Gordon Allport
dispositionist
Taxonomies
Self-consciousness
45. Studied Type A personality
Fundamental attribution error
Implicit theories (personality)
George Kelley
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
46. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Twin studies
Internal locus of control
personal constructs
Self-awareness
47. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Phrenology
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Self-handicapping
48. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-consciousness
Costa and McCrae
Type theory
Mesomorph
49. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Implicit theories (personality)
Henry Murray
3 personality theories
Raymond Cattell
50. Possessing both male and female qualities
Implicit theories (personality)
Androgynous
Authoritarianism
Type A personality