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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Dispositional attribution
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Matina Horner
Endomorph
2. Only circumstances determine behavior
Androgynous
Abraham Maslow
situationists
Self-monitoring
3. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Cognitive prototype approach
Hans Eysenck
Barnum effect
4. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Fundamental attribution error
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Ectomorph
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
5. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
3 personality theories
Phenomenological view (personality)
Raymond Cattell
Endomorph
6. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Barnum effect
Trait hierarchy
Twin studies
Kay Deaux
7. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
3 personality theories
Learned helplessness
Learned optimism
Phenomenological view (personality)
8. Hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Personality
Raymond Cattell
Self-monitoring
9. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Learned helplessness
Learned optimism
Grant Dahlstrom
Costa and McCrae
10. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Martin Seligman
Twin studies
Self-awareness
External locus of control
11. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Ectomorph
Idiographic approach
Barnum effect
Raymond Cattell
12. Studied Type A personality
Implicit theories (personality)
Ectomorph
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Mesomorph
13. External and internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Mesomorph
Raymond Cattell
14. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
interactionists
Trait hierarchy
Self-handicapping
15. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Internal locus of control
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Phenomenological view (personality)
Henry Murray
16. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Nomothetic approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Big Five
External locus of control
17. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Personality tests (2 types)
situationists
Sandra Bem
Barnum effect
18. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Narcissism
Consistency paradox
Martin Seligman
Personality tests (2 types)
19. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Narcissism
Twin studies
Learned optimism
Stimulus-seeking individuals
20. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
dispositionist
Mesomorph
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-efficacy
21. Personality changes little after age 30
Costa and McCrae
Seymour Epstein
William Sheldon
Type A personality
22. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Nomothetic approach
3 personality theories
Self-efficacy
Androgynous
23. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Grant Dahlstrom
Gordon Allport
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Taxonomies
24. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Sandra Bem
Type A personality
Consistency paradox
Personality
25. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Nomothetic approach
Proprium or propriate function
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Barnum effect
26. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Mesomorph
Barnum effect
27. Somatotypes personality theory
Cognitive prototype approach
Dispositional attribution
William Sheldon
situationists
28. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
George Kelley
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-efficacy
29. Have a great need for arousal
Self-monitoring
Stimulus-seeking individuals
dispositionist
Gender and depression
30. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Personality
dispositionist
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Raymond Cattell
31. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Fundamental attribution error
situationists
Raymond Cattell
32. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Type theory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
William Sheldon
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
33. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Learned helplessness
Self-handicapping
Martin Seligman
Cognitive prototype approach
34. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Mesomorph
Mirrors
Dispositional attribution
35. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Alice Eagly
dispositionist
Personality tests (2 types)
Gender and depression
36. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
personal constructs
Learned optimism
Implicit theories (personality)
trait
37. Learned helplessness
Authoritarianism
Martin Seligman
Kay Deaux
Self-consciousness
38. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Trait hierarchy
Henry Murray
personal constructs
Implicit theories (personality)
39. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Abraham Maslow
personal constructs
Raymond Cattell
Self-consciousness
40. Critical of personality trait theory
Type A personality
Gender and depression
Seymour Epstein
External locus of control
41. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Kay Deaux
Internal locus of control
Narcissism
interactionists
42. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Big Five
Idiographic approach
Abraham Maslow
Type theory
43. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Kay Deaux
Trait hierarchy
Personality tests (2 types)
Self-awareness
44. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
3 personality theories
situationists
Learned helplessness
45. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Endomorph
Alice Eagly
Hans Eysenck
46. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Alice Eagly
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Internal locus of control
Type A personality
47. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Phrenology
Type theory
Personality
48. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Ectomorph
trait
Implicit theories (personality)
Authoritarianism
49. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
situationists
Gender and depression
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Self-handicapping
50. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Gordon Allport
trait
Twin studies
Self-awareness