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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Phenomenological view (personality)
Barnum effect
Mirrors
Dispositional attribution
2. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Self-monitoring
Lexical approach
Implicit theories (personality)
Personality tests (2 types)
3. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Consistency paradox
Gender and depression
personal constructs
3 personality theories
4. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Taxonomies
Implicit theories (personality)
Ectomorph
Henry Murray
5. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Costa and McCrae
Lexical approach
6. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Internal locus of control
Self-awareness
Androgynous
interactionists
7. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Phenomenological view (personality)
Cognitive prototype approach
Hans Eysenck
Endomorph
8. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
Type A personality
Learned optimism
Mirrors
9. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Twin studies
Internal locus of control
Grant Dahlstrom
3 personality theories
10. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Self-awareness
External locus of control
11. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Hans Eysenck
Self-consciousness
Mesomorph
12. Possessing both male and female qualities
Barnum effect
Grant Dahlstrom
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Androgynous
13. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Self-consciousness
3 personality theories
Authoritarianism
Twin studies
14. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Hans Eysenck
Taxonomies
Twin studies
15. Somatotypes personality theory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
George Kelley
William Sheldon
trait
16. External and internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
Type theory
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
17. Personality changes little after age 30
Type A personality
Nomothetic approach
Costa and McCrae
Hans Eysenck
18. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Henry Murray
Idiographic approach
Cognitive prototype approach
Learned helplessness
19. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
interactionists
Personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Proprium or propriate function
20. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Authoritarianism
Fundamental attribution error
21. Critical of personality trait theory
Mirrors
personal constructs
Seymour Epstein
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
22. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-monitoring
Kay Deaux
Ectomorph
Self-handicapping
23. Cognitive prototype approach
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Narcissism
Twin studies
Nomothetic approach
24. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Lexical approach
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Self-efficacy
25. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Seymour Epstein
Gender and depression
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Mesomorph
26. Studied Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Idiographic approach
Learned optimism
Big Five
27. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Self-awareness
Learned helplessness
Seymour Epstein
Self-esteem
28. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Mirrors
Self-efficacy
interactionists
29. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Julian Rotter
Barnum effect
Mirrors
Implicit theories (personality)
30. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Personality
Sandra Bem
Martin Seligman
Self-monitoring
31. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Self-monitoring
Personality tests (2 types)
Taxonomies
Self-efficacy
32. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Gender and depression
Type theory
Bem Sex Role Inventory
William Sheldon
33. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Proprium or propriate function
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Trait hierarchy
situationists
34. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Trait hierarchy
Fundamental attribution error
Self-monitoring
Self-esteem
35. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Narcissism
Dispositional attribution
Mesomorph
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
36. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Raymond Cattell
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
dispositionist
37. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
38. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
personal constructs
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Learned optimism
dispositionist
39. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Sandra Bem
Alice Eagly
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
William Sheldon
40. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Self-monitoring
Gender and depression
Martin Seligman
41. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Matina Horner
Authoritarianism
Type theory
Lexical approach
42. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Twin studies
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
43. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Self-efficacy
Type theory
Phenomenological view (personality)
Gender and depression
44. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Narcissism
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
trait
William Sheldon
45. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Idiographic approach
Self-consciousness
Fundamental attribution error
William Sheldon
46. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Idiographic approach
Internal locus of control
Authoritarianism
Taxonomies
47. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
situationists
Learned optimism
Cognitive prototype approach
Kay Deaux
48. Learned helplessness
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Martin Seligman
Matina Horner
49. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
William Sheldon
Consistency paradox
Barnum effect
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
50. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Nomothetic approach
dispositionist
Self-efficacy
Dispositional attribution