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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Endomorph
External locus of control
Consistency paradox
Dispositional attribution
2. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Bem Sex Role Inventory
dispositionist
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Self-handicapping
3. Studied Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Phrenology
Personality tests (2 types)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
4. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Matina Horner
Personality
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Androgynous
5. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Learned optimism
William Sheldon
Personality tests (2 types)
6. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Learned optimism
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-efficacy
7. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
trait
William Sheldon
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Ectomorph
8. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Big Five
Idiographic approach
Ectomorph
Costa and McCrae
9. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Fundamental attribution error
Narcissism
Big Five
Phrenology
10. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
External locus of control
Cognitive prototype approach
situationists
Martin Seligman
11. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Mirrors
personal constructs
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Henry Murray
12. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Learned helplessness
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Implicit theories (personality)
personal constructs
13. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Gender and depression
Julian Rotter
Implicit theories (personality)
Type A personality
14. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
15. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Martin Seligman
Proprium or propriate function
Kay Deaux
Narcissism
16. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Endomorph
Trait hierarchy
Mesomorph
Self-handicapping
17. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
dispositionist
Abraham Maslow
Authoritarianism
Self-efficacy
18. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Costa and McCrae
Abraham Maslow
Lexical approach
Matina Horner
19. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
George Kelley
Internal locus of control
Authoritarianism
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
20. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
dispositionist
Raymond Cattell
trait
Ectomorph
21. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Big Five
Taxonomies
External locus of control
situationists
22. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Self-esteem
Idiographic approach
Trait hierarchy
Gordon Allport
23. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Phenomenological view (personality)
External locus of control
24. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Lexical approach
Twin studies
Hans Eysenck
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
25. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Phrenology
Big Five
Learned helplessness
dispositionist
26. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Lexical approach
Self-awareness
interactionists
Martin Seligman
27. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Julian Rotter
Mirrors
Type A personality
Phrenology
28. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Henry Murray
Self-efficacy
Self-handicapping
Trait hierarchy
29. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Personality tests (2 types)
Idiographic approach
Learned optimism
Costa and McCrae
30. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Kay Deaux
Trait hierarchy
Self-esteem
George Kelley
31. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
trait
Matina Horner
Henry Murray
George Kelley
32. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Mesomorph
Nomothetic approach
Proprium or propriate function
Authoritarianism
33. External and internal locus of control
Seymour Epstein
Narcissism
Julian Rotter
Sandra Bem
34. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Internal locus of control
Self-handicapping
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Twin studies
35. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Mirrors
3 personality theories
Self-awareness
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
36. Have a great need for arousal
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Implicit theories (personality)
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Raymond Cattell
37. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Self-awareness
Mesomorph
Martin Seligman
Phrenology
38. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Self-esteem
Narcissism
Lexical approach
Bem Sex Role Inventory
39. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Trait hierarchy
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Barnum effect
Personality
40. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Type theory
Internal locus of control
Raymond Cattell
Lexical approach
41. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
personal constructs
Self-efficacy
Henry Murray
Idiographic approach
42. Learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
Lexical approach
External locus of control
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
43. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Type theory
Narcissism
Mesomorph
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
44. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
personal constructs
Ectomorph
Self-handicapping
Cognitive prototype approach
45. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Consistency paradox
situationists
Abraham Maslow
Grant Dahlstrom
46. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Learned helplessness
Self-monitoring
Endomorph
47. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Martin Seligman
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Internal locus of control
Matina Horner
48. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Consistency paradox
Trait hierarchy
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Twin studies
49. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Endomorph
Phrenology
Grant Dahlstrom
Consistency paradox
50. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
William Sheldon
Authoritarianism
Self-awareness
interactionists