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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Martin Seligman
Type A personality
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
2. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Learned optimism
Sandra Bem
Internal locus of control
Type theory
3. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Kay Deaux
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Proprium or propriate function
Henry Murray
4. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Taxonomies
Sandra Bem
trait
Learned helplessness
5. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Barnum effect
Self-monitoring
Proprium or propriate function
Matina Horner
6. Somatotypes personality theory
William Sheldon
Idiographic approach
Trait hierarchy
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
7. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Learned helplessness
Abraham Maslow
Mesomorph
Gordon Allport
8. External and internal locus of control
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
William Sheldon
Mesomorph
Julian Rotter
9. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Learned optimism
Lexical approach
Implicit theories (personality)
Henry Murray
10. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
George Kelley
Mesomorph
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Abraham Maslow
11. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Raymond Cattell
Gender and depression
Taxonomies
Sandra Bem
12. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Big Five
External locus of control
Endomorph
Personality
13. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Phrenology
George Kelley
William Sheldon
Grant Dahlstrom
14. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Androgynous
Self-awareness
Trait hierarchy
trait
15. Personality changes little after age 30
Costa and McCrae
Learned helplessness
dispositionist
Henry Murray
16. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Gender and depression
Ectomorph
Learned optimism
Raymond Cattell
17. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
3 personality theories
Androgynous
18. Have a great need for arousal
dispositionist
Fundamental attribution error
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Sandra Bem
19. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Henry Murray
trait
Internal locus of control
Self-consciousness
20. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Barnum effect
Androgynous
Self-esteem
Self-consciousness
21. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Narcissism
Sandra Bem
Trait hierarchy
George Kelley
22. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
23. Cognitive prototype approach
Trait hierarchy
Cognitive prototype approach
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
24. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
interactionists
Big Five
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Consistency paradox
25. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Narcissism
interactionists
Hans Eysenck
Julian Rotter
26. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Matina Horner
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Gender and depression
27. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Matina Horner
personal constructs
Androgynous
trait
28. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Hans Eysenck
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
William Sheldon
Gordon Allport
29. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Taxonomies
Dispositional attribution
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Martin Seligman
30. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Fundamental attribution error
Learned optimism
Authoritarianism
Raymond Cattell
31. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Raymond Cattell
Dispositional attribution
Implicit theories (personality)
Type theory
32. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Martin Seligman
Lexical approach
personal constructs
Taxonomies
33. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Self-esteem
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Phrenology
34. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Mirrors
Barnum effect
Self-consciousness
Type theory
35. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Learned helplessness
Gordon Allport
Henry Murray
36. Only circumstances determine behavior
Self-handicapping
situationists
Seymour Epstein
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
37. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Grant Dahlstrom
Abraham Maslow
Stimulus-seeking individuals
trait
38. Hierarchy of needs
Julian Rotter
Gordon Allport
Abraham Maslow
Cognitive prototype approach
39. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Lexical approach
Kay Deaux
External locus of control
Fundamental attribution error
40. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
trait
William Sheldon
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
41. Studied Type A personality
Henry Murray
Implicit theories (personality)
3 personality theories
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
42. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Seymour Epstein
Phenomenological view (personality)
Androgynous
Implicit theories (personality)
43. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Taxonomies
Mesomorph
Dispositional attribution
Self-monitoring
44. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Idiographic approach
Raymond Cattell
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Grant Dahlstrom
45. Learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
Dispositional attribution
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-awareness
46. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Martin Seligman
Alice Eagly
Big Five
Sandra Bem
47. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Big Five
Alice Eagly
Learned optimism
48. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Seymour Epstein
Internal locus of control
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Personality
49. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Abraham Maslow
Proprium or propriate function
Sandra Bem
Internal locus of control
50. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Sandra Bem
Self-esteem
Raymond Cattell