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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Trait hierarchy
Matina Horner
Gender and depression
Self-monitoring
2. External and internal locus of control
situationists
Julian Rotter
Self-consciousness
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
3. Only circumstances determine behavior
Big Five
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
situationists
Idiographic approach
4. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Self-esteem
Sandra Bem
Dispositional attribution
George Kelley
5. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Implicit theories (personality)
Proprium or propriate function
Self-awareness
Big Five
6. Possessing both male and female qualities
Self-efficacy
3 personality theories
Self-awareness
Androgynous
7. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Lexical approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Barnum effect
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
8. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Henry Murray
Mirrors
Lexical approach
9. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Internal locus of control
Henry Murray
Self-monitoring
interactionists
10. Learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
Mirrors
Authoritarianism
Abraham Maslow
11. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Nomothetic approach
Androgynous
Self-monitoring
Cognitive prototype approach
12. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
situationists
Authoritarianism
Raymond Cattell
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
13. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Gender and depression
interactionists
3 personality theories
Matina Horner
14. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Raymond Cattell
Type theory
Henry Murray
Type A personality
15. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Type theory
Proprium or propriate function
Twin studies
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
16. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
dispositionist
Idiographic approach
Proprium or propriate function
Self-consciousness
17. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Grant Dahlstrom
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Trait hierarchy
Self-efficacy
18. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
External locus of control
Learned optimism
Lexical approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
19. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Seymour Epstein
Mirrors
Trait hierarchy
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
20. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Gender and depression
Phrenology
Matina Horner
Learned optimism
21. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Authoritarianism
Grant Dahlstrom
Trait hierarchy
Costa and McCrae
22. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Narcissism
Fundamental attribution error
Self-consciousness
23. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-awareness
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Julian Rotter
Narcissism
24. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Trait hierarchy
Kay Deaux
External locus of control
Matina Horner
25. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Self-consciousness
3 personality theories
Proprium or propriate function
Type A personality
26. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Julian Rotter
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Consistency paradox
Barnum effect
27. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Consistency paradox
Grant Dahlstrom
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Learned optimism
28. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Big Five
Self-monitoring
Narcissism
trait
29. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
personal constructs
Nomothetic approach
situationists
Seymour Epstein
30. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Type theory
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Self-esteem
interactionists
31. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Grant Dahlstrom
Androgynous
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Phrenology
32. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Cognitive prototype approach
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-esteem
33. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
3 personality theories
Fundamental attribution error
Lexical approach
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
34. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Type A personality
Abraham Maslow
Mesomorph
Personality tests (2 types)
35. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Phenomenological view (personality)
Martin Seligman
Idiographic approach
Implicit theories (personality)
36. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Taxonomies
Phrenology
Idiographic approach
37. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Costa and McCrae
George Kelley
Endomorph
Martin Seligman
38. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
George Kelley
trait
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Narcissism
39. Studied Type A personality
Authoritarianism
Learned helplessness
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Seymour Epstein
40. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Matina Horner
Self-awareness
Learned helplessness
41. Critical of personality trait theory
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Seymour Epstein
Abraham Maslow
Personality tests (2 types)
42. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Seymour Epstein
Proprium or propriate function
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Personality tests (2 types)
43. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Big Five
Implicit theories (personality)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Mirrors
44. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Learned optimism
trait
45. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Twin studies
interactionists
Proprium or propriate function
46. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
situationists
Henry Murray
Phrenology
Mirrors
47. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
situationists
Henry Murray
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
48. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Narcissism
situationists
dispositionist
Fundamental attribution error
49. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
George Kelley
50. Personality changes little after age 30
Learned optimism
Personality
Costa and McCrae
Bem Sex Role Inventory