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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Phenomenological view (personality)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
2. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Idiographic approach
Proprium or propriate function
Androgynous
Phrenology
3. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
trait
Proprium or propriate function
Cognitive prototype approach
Barnum effect
4. Possessing both male and female qualities
Personality tests (2 types)
Gordon Allport
Kay Deaux
Androgynous
5. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Matina Horner
Fundamental attribution error
Grant Dahlstrom
Mesomorph
6. External and internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Sandra Bem
Trait hierarchy
7. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
George Kelley
Twin studies
Phenomenological view (personality)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
8. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Alice Eagly
Cognitive prototype approach
Ectomorph
Henry Murray
9. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
George Kelley
Alice Eagly
Trait hierarchy
Gordon Allport
10. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Endomorph
Taxonomies
11. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
12. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Implicit theories (personality)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Martin Seligman
13. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Big Five
personal constructs
External locus of control
Learned optimism
14. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Costa and McCrae
Big Five
Kay Deaux
Personality
15. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Idiographic approach
External locus of control
3 personality theories
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
16. Cognitive prototype approach
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Phenomenological view (personality)
Mirrors
17. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Kay Deaux
Phrenology
Androgynous
18. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Authoritarianism
Raymond Cattell
Proprium or propriate function
Self-efficacy
19. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
situationists
Big Five
External locus of control
personal constructs
20. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Henry Murray
Barnum effect
Type A personality
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
21. Hierarchy of needs
Self-consciousness
Abraham Maslow
Learned helplessness
Taxonomies
22. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Type theory
Type A personality
Barnum effect
Gender and depression
23. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Alice Eagly
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Gender and depression
Endomorph
24. Somatotypes personality theory
dispositionist
Endomorph
William Sheldon
Mirrors
25. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-awareness
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
26. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Endomorph
Learned helplessness
Phenomenological view (personality)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
27. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Learned helplessness
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Mesomorph
Gordon Allport
28. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Endomorph
George Kelley
Self-awareness
29. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Julian Rotter
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Ectomorph
Kay Deaux
30. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Learned optimism
Consistency paradox
interactionists
Dispositional attribution
31. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Fundamental attribution error
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Mesomorph
Learned helplessness
32. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
interactionists
Alice Eagly
Self-monitoring
Self-consciousness
33. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-esteem
Type theory
34. Have a great need for arousal
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Henry Murray
Self-handicapping
Barnum effect
35. Critical of personality trait theory
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Phenomenological view (personality)
Seymour Epstein
Nomothetic approach
36. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Phrenology
Personality tests (2 types)
Narcissism
Grant Dahlstrom
37. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
situationists
Self-efficacy
Learned helplessness
38. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Trait hierarchy
Grant Dahlstrom
Barnum effect
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
39. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Phrenology
Gender and depression
Dispositional attribution
Ectomorph
40. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Authoritarianism
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Learned optimism
Raymond Cattell
41. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Gordon Allport
personal constructs
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Consistency paradox
42. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Internal locus of control
Self-efficacy
George Kelley
43. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
William Sheldon
Lexical approach
Twin studies
Learned optimism
44. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Mirrors
Seymour Epstein
Hans Eysenck
Authoritarianism
45. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Costa and McCrae
Mesomorph
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Nomothetic approach
46. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-consciousness
Mirrors
Personality
47. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
interactionists
dispositionist
Phenomenological view (personality)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
48. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Sandra Bem
Self-handicapping
Henry Murray
Idiographic approach
49. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Androgynous
Trait hierarchy
dispositionist
Proprium or propriate function
50. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Internal locus of control
situationists
Consistency paradox