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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






2. Personality changes little after age 30






3. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






4. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social






5. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently






6. Studied Type A personality






7. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts






8. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior






9. Belief that one can effectively perform a task






10. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






11. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






12. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition






13. Cognitive training against learned helplessness






14. External and internal locus of control






15. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics






16. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person






17. Only circumstances determine behavior






18. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed






19. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism






20. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






21. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph


22. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)






23. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations






24. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced






25. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure






26. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive






27. Cognitive prototype approach






28. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary






29. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations






30. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






31. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-






32. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






33. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






34. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






35. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience






36. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour






37. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences






38. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist






39. Possessing both male and female qualities






40. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire






41. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






42. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






43. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






44. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality






45. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






46. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality






47. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness






48. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






49. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






50. Learned helplessness