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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Only circumstances determine behavior






2. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






3. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes






4. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






5. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)






6. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings






7. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






8. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






9. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts






10. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience






11. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism






12. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness






13. Have a great need for arousal






14. Possessing both male and female qualities






15. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






16. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations






17. Studied Type A personality






18. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure






19. Critical of personality trait theory






20. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition






21. Learned helplessness






22. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






23. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour






24. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently






25. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist






26. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive






27. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men






28. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






29. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






30. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






31. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social






32. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






33. Belief that one can effectively perform a task






34. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag






35. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-






36. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self






37. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






38. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person






39. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations






40. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics






41. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically






42. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






43. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire






44. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






45. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists






46. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem






47. Cognitive prototype approach






48. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






49. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual






50. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed