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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
Start Test
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Mesomorph
Personality
Matina Horner
Big Five
2. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Fundamental attribution error
Julian Rotter
Self-monitoring
Grant Dahlstrom
3. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
William Sheldon
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Costa and McCrae
4. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Mirrors
Barnum effect
Kay Deaux
Self-monitoring
5. Hierarchy of needs
Personality tests (2 types)
Costa and McCrae
Abraham Maslow
Internal locus of control
6. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
trait
Internal locus of control
Martin Seligman
William Sheldon
7. Somatotypes personality theory
Taxonomies
Endomorph
William Sheldon
trait
8. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Type A personality
Henry Murray
Learned helplessness
Kay Deaux
9. Studied Type A personality
Self-esteem
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Grant Dahlstrom
Endomorph
10. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Learned optimism
Abraham Maslow
Costa and McCrae
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
11. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Big Five
Internal locus of control
trait
12. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Henry Murray
Internal locus of control
Implicit theories (personality)
Martin Seligman
13. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Personality tests (2 types)
Idiographic approach
Lexical approach
3 personality theories
14. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Costa and McCrae
William Sheldon
Internal locus of control
Alice Eagly
15. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Learned helplessness
Barnum effect
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
16. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Nomothetic approach
William Sheldon
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
interactionists
17. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
personal constructs
Idiographic approach
Taxonomies
Mesomorph
18. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
interactionists
Endomorph
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Grant Dahlstrom
19. External and internal locus of control
Lexical approach
Julian Rotter
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Nomothetic approach
20. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Julian Rotter
Personality
personal constructs
Lexical approach
21. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Cognitive prototype approach
Nomothetic approach
Learned helplessness
22. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Sandra Bem
Nomothetic approach
Self-efficacy
23. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
William Sheldon
Gordon Allport
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Sandra Bem
24. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Dispositional attribution
Julian Rotter
George Kelley
Raymond Cattell
25. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Gordon Allport
Idiographic approach
Type theory
26. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Personality tests (2 types)
Self-awareness
Twin studies
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
27. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Trait hierarchy
interactionists
Consistency paradox
3 personality theories
28. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Internal locus of control
Self-consciousness
Phrenology
Self-esteem
29. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Martin Seligman
Self-efficacy
Raymond Cattell
30. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
Grant Dahlstrom
Fundamental attribution error
External locus of control
31. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Lexical approach
Phrenology
Fundamental attribution error
Self-monitoring
32. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Trait hierarchy
situationists
Type theory
Type A personality
33. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
interactionists
Personality tests (2 types)
trait
Phrenology
34. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
situationists
Kay Deaux
Self-handicapping
Learned helplessness
35. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Proprium or propriate function
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Learned helplessness
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
36. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Trait hierarchy
Lexical approach
3 personality theories
Kay Deaux
37. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Type A personality
Self-handicapping
Mesomorph
Internal locus of control
38. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Gender and depression
Bem Sex Role Inventory
External locus of control
Nomothetic approach
39. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
3 personality theories
Phrenology
Phenomenological view (personality)
Mesomorph
40. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Gender and depression
dispositionist
Nomothetic approach
Ectomorph
41. Critical of personality trait theory
Self-handicapping
Cognitive prototype approach
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Seymour Epstein
42. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
personal constructs
Self-consciousness
Costa and McCrae
Alice Eagly
43. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Henry Murray
Twin studies
Costa and McCrae
Kay Deaux
44. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Taxonomies
dispositionist
Fundamental attribution error
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
45. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Self-monitoring
Personality
Implicit theories (personality)
dispositionist
46. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Gender and depression
Personality tests (2 types)
Henry Murray
External locus of control
47. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Mirrors
Self-handicapping
Alice Eagly
Narcissism
48. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Implicit theories (personality)
Seymour Epstein
Personality tests (2 types)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
49. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
Type A personality
Lexical approach
Phrenology
50. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Endomorph
Trait hierarchy
Phrenology