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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Proprium or propriate function
Kay Deaux
Self-handicapping
Endomorph
2. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Abraham Maslow
Raymond Cattell
Ectomorph
Alice Eagly
3. Only circumstances determine behavior
Gender and depression
situationists
Twin studies
Self-efficacy
4. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Gordon Allport
Phenomenological view (personality)
Self-esteem
dispositionist
5. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Grant Dahlstrom
Phenomenological view (personality)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Stimulus-seeking individuals
6. Studied Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
William Sheldon
Learned helplessness
trait
7. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Self-monitoring
Bem Sex Role Inventory
trait
dispositionist
8. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
Personality
Kay Deaux
Implicit theories (personality)
9. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
George Kelley
Consistency paradox
Gender and depression
Type theory
10. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Abraham Maslow
Phenomenological view (personality)
Consistency paradox
Martin Seligman
11. Possessing both male and female qualities
Hans Eysenck
Androgynous
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
situationists
12. Have a great need for arousal
Stimulus-seeking individuals
External locus of control
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Seymour Epstein
13. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Barnum effect
Self-monitoring
External locus of control
Matina Horner
14. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Grant Dahlstrom
Self-efficacy
Barnum effect
Internal locus of control
15. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Personality
Androgynous
16. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Kay Deaux
Alice Eagly
Type theory
Internal locus of control
17. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Sandra Bem
interactionists
Fundamental attribution error
Dispositional attribution
18. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Costa and McCrae
Seymour Epstein
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Phrenology
19. Hierarchy of needs
Learned helplessness
Abraham Maslow
Narcissism
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
20. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
dispositionist
interactionists
Consistency paradox
Bem Sex Role Inventory
21. External and internal locus of control
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Seymour Epstein
Julian Rotter
Barnum effect
22. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Barnum effect
Self-handicapping
George Kelley
3 personality theories
23. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Dispositional attribution
Personality tests (2 types)
Nomothetic approach
Self-esteem
24. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Trait hierarchy
Self-awareness
Dispositional attribution
Personality
25. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Endomorph
Idiographic approach
Lexical approach
Dispositional attribution
26. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Fundamental attribution error
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Henry Murray
Seymour Epstein
27. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-monitoring
Learned optimism
Internal locus of control
Self-consciousness
28. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Internal locus of control
Gender and depression
Self-monitoring
Idiographic approach
29. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Self-consciousness
Gordon Allport
Cognitive prototype approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
30. Cognitive prototype approach
Personality tests (2 types)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Gender and depression
Bem Sex Role Inventory
31. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Henry Murray
Proprium or propriate function
Martin Seligman
Nomothetic approach
32. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Learned optimism
Hans Eysenck
Self-consciousness
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
33. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Endomorph
Proprium or propriate function
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Martin Seligman
34. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Barnum effect
Henry Murray
Taxonomies
Twin studies
35. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Trait hierarchy
Nomothetic approach
Self-monitoring
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
36. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Endomorph
Trait hierarchy
Fundamental attribution error
Big Five
37. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
personal constructs
3 personality theories
Taxonomies
38. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Trait hierarchy
dispositionist
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Personality
39. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Twin studies
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Implicit theories (personality)
40. Critical of personality trait theory
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Idiographic approach
Type theory
Seymour Epstein
41. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Mesomorph
Self-efficacy
Trait hierarchy
3 personality theories
42. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Self-monitoring
Personality tests (2 types)
Julian Rotter
Idiographic approach
43. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Matina Horner
Ectomorph
Consistency paradox
Mirrors
44. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Taxonomies
Twin studies
Androgynous
Self-consciousness
45. Personality changes little after age 30
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Costa and McCrae
Self-consciousness
46. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Personality tests (2 types)
Big Five
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Raymond Cattell
47. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Nomothetic approach
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
interactionists
Mesomorph
48. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Nomothetic approach
Internal locus of control
Implicit theories (personality)
49. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
William Sheldon
Personality tests (2 types)
Learned helplessness
Learned optimism
50. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Authoritarianism
Mirrors
Grant Dahlstrom