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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
Start Test
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Only circumstances determine behavior
Henry Murray
Ectomorph
Dispositional attribution
situationists
2. Possessing both male and female qualities
Seymour Epstein
Androgynous
Implicit theories (personality)
Costa and McCrae
3. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Martin Seligman
interactionists
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Twin studies
4. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
External locus of control
Self-awareness
Authoritarianism
Nomothetic approach
5. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Authoritarianism
Phenomenological view (personality)
Gender and depression
Gordon Allport
6. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
situationists
Ectomorph
Androgynous
7. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
George Kelley
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Consistency paradox
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
8. Learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
Learned optimism
Endomorph
Type A personality
9. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Trait hierarchy
William Sheldon
3 personality theories
Mirrors
10. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
George Kelley
Grant Dahlstrom
Phrenology
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
11. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Proprium or propriate function
William Sheldon
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Consistency paradox
12. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Self-efficacy
Grant Dahlstrom
Matina Horner
Gordon Allport
13. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Gordon Allport
Learned optimism
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Gender and depression
14. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Abraham Maslow
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
15. Critical of personality trait theory
Trait hierarchy
Androgynous
Seymour Epstein
Dispositional attribution
16. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Consistency paradox
interactionists
Grant Dahlstrom
17. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Authoritarianism
Personality tests (2 types)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Fundamental attribution error
18. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Personality tests (2 types)
Phrenology
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Cognitive prototype approach
19. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-awareness
Authoritarianism
Taxonomies
20. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Phenomenological view (personality)
Costa and McCrae
Mesomorph
Bem Sex Role Inventory
21. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Matina Horner
Julian Rotter
Implicit theories (personality)
22. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Self-consciousness
Learned optimism
Seymour Epstein
Kay Deaux
23. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Kay Deaux
Dispositional attribution
Hans Eysenck
Lexical approach
24. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Seymour Epstein
Cognitive prototype approach
Gender and depression
Internal locus of control
25. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Dispositional attribution
Julian Rotter
Self-monitoring
Alice Eagly
26. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
situationists
Type A personality
Proprium or propriate function
Barnum effect
27. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Personality
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Type theory
28. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Barnum effect
trait
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
George Kelley
29. Cognitive prototype approach
Costa and McCrae
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Abraham Maslow
Twin studies
30. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Self-esteem
personal constructs
Self-awareness
Big Five
31. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Implicit theories (personality)
Fundamental attribution error
Barnum effect
Self-monitoring
32. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Self-awareness
Raymond Cattell
trait
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
33. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Endomorph
Learned optimism
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
34. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Julian Rotter
3 personality theories
Seymour Epstein
35. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-handicapping
Costa and McCrae
36. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Henry Murray
trait
George Kelley
Consistency paradox
37. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Internal locus of control
Mesomorph
Endomorph
Implicit theories (personality)
38. Have a great need for arousal
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Type theory
Androgynous
Stimulus-seeking individuals
39. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Phrenology
Gordon Allport
Type A personality
Alice Eagly
40. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Big Five
3 personality theories
Gender and depression
Fundamental attribution error
41. Personality changes little after age 30
Costa and McCrae
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
William Sheldon
42. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
3 personality theories
Consistency paradox
Nomothetic approach
43. External and internal locus of control
Fundamental attribution error
Julian Rotter
Gordon Allport
Internal locus of control
44. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Lexical approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Sandra Bem
Big Five
45. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Grant Dahlstrom
Bem Sex Role Inventory
personal constructs
External locus of control
46. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
George Kelley
Self-consciousness
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
47. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Consistency paradox
Implicit theories (personality)
Mesomorph
Proprium or propriate function
48. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Type theory
Twin studies
Gordon Allport
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
49. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Endomorph
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Personality
50. Somatotypes personality theory
Gender and depression
Seymour Epstein
William Sheldon
Nomothetic approach