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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Implicit theories (personality)
Gordon Allport
Type theory
Twin studies
2. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Androgynous
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Phrenology
3. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Costa and McCrae
External locus of control
Idiographic approach
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
4. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
5. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Self-efficacy
Trait hierarchy
Idiographic approach
Twin studies
6. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Sandra Bem
Gordon Allport
Bem Sex Role Inventory
7. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-handicapping
Self-esteem
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
8. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Ectomorph
Self-esteem
Sandra Bem
Lexical approach
9. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Taxonomies
Type A personality
Consistency paradox
Stimulus-seeking individuals
10. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Idiographic approach
interactionists
Henry Murray
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
11. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
situationists
personal constructs
Dispositional attribution
Gender and depression
12. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Phenomenological view (personality)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Internal locus of control
Hans Eysenck
13. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
interactionists
Authoritarianism
Big Five
Trait hierarchy
14. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Taxonomies
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Kay Deaux
Self-consciousness
15. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
William Sheldon
Phenomenological view (personality)
Internal locus of control
Bem Sex Role Inventory
16. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Androgynous
External locus of control
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Fundamental attribution error
17. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Trait hierarchy
Self-consciousness
Matina Horner
Gordon Allport
18. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Dispositional attribution
Idiographic approach
Mirrors
Consistency paradox
19. Cognitive prototype approach
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Proprium or propriate function
Hans Eysenck
20. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Kay Deaux
Consistency paradox
Trait hierarchy
personal constructs
21. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
George Kelley
Seymour Epstein
dispositionist
Endomorph
22. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Self-handicapping
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Idiographic approach
Big Five
23. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Personality
Endomorph
24. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Authoritarianism
William Sheldon
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Alice Eagly
25. Studied Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Sandra Bem
Learned helplessness
Raymond Cattell
26. Have a great need for arousal
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Cognitive prototype approach
Raymond Cattell
Stimulus-seeking individuals
27. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Self-efficacy
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Trait hierarchy
External locus of control
28. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
William Sheldon
Learned optimism
Seymour Epstein
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
29. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Cognitive prototype approach
situationists
Taxonomies
Mirrors
30. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
dispositionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
George Kelley
Gordon Allport
31. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
trait
dispositionist
Phrenology
Learned helplessness
32. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Alice Eagly
Taxonomies
Self-awareness
William Sheldon
33. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Self-efficacy
Trait hierarchy
Personality
dispositionist
34. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Androgynous
William Sheldon
Raymond Cattell
Authoritarianism
35. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Personality tests (2 types)
Mesomorph
Seymour Epstein
Stimulus-seeking individuals
36. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Nomothetic approach
William Sheldon
Big Five
Hans Eysenck
37. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Gender and depression
Barnum effect
3 personality theories
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
38. Learned helplessness
Alice Eagly
personal constructs
Self-monitoring
Martin Seligman
39. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Ectomorph
trait
Self-esteem
Hans Eysenck
40. Critical of personality trait theory
Lexical approach
Seymour Epstein
Endomorph
Consistency paradox
41. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Phenomenological view (personality)
Kay Deaux
Mirrors
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
42. External and internal locus of control
Ectomorph
personal constructs
Julian Rotter
Proprium or propriate function
43. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Barnum effect
Dispositional attribution
Proprium or propriate function
Fundamental attribution error
44. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Raymond Cattell
Alice Eagly
Type A personality
Authoritarianism
45. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Barnum effect
Self-awareness
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Learned optimism
46. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
interactionists
Narcissism
situationists
Learned optimism
47. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Gordon Allport
Lexical approach
Authoritarianism
Mirrors
48. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Twin studies
Gordon Allport
Barnum effect
Henry Murray
49. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Martin Seligman
Seymour Epstein
trait
Gordon Allport
50. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-handicapping
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Lexical approach
Self-consciousness