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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Type A personality
Mesomorph
Kay Deaux
Sandra Bem
2. Critical of personality trait theory
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Seymour Epstein
interactionists
situationists
3. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Ectomorph
Nomothetic approach
Self-esteem
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
4. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Self-monitoring
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Barnum effect
Fundamental attribution error
5. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Kay Deaux
Ectomorph
Learned optimism
Bem Sex Role Inventory
6. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Lexical approach
Proprium or propriate function
Nomothetic approach
Kay Deaux
7. Only circumstances determine behavior
External locus of control
situationists
Androgynous
Gender and depression
8. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Lexical approach
Self-efficacy
Phrenology
External locus of control
9. Studied Type A personality
Ectomorph
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Phenomenological view (personality)
Idiographic approach
10. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Type theory
Personality tests (2 types)
Self-consciousness
personal constructs
11. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Mirrors
interactionists
Hans Eysenck
Grant Dahlstrom
12. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Personality
Seymour Epstein
Consistency paradox
Self-consciousness
13. Learned helplessness
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Big Five
Phrenology
Martin Seligman
14. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
External locus of control
George Kelley
Abraham Maslow
Phrenology
15. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Henry Murray
interactionists
Hans Eysenck
Sandra Bem
16. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Phenomenological view (personality)
Consistency paradox
Mesomorph
Gordon Allport
17. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Cognitive prototype approach
3 personality theories
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Lexical approach
18. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Sandra Bem
Self-awareness
Learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
19. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Phrenology
trait
Cognitive prototype approach
situationists
20. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Grant Dahlstrom
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
situationists
21. Have a great need for arousal
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Type A personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
22. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Alice Eagly
Type A personality
Julian Rotter
personal constructs
23. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Consistency paradox
Ectomorph
interactionists
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
24. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Taxonomies
Self-monitoring
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
25. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
personal constructs
Self-handicapping
Phenomenological view (personality)
26. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Narcissism
Abraham Maslow
Endomorph
Taxonomies
27. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Henry Murray
Type A personality
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
28. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
William Sheldon
External locus of control
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Grant Dahlstrom
29. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Proprium or propriate function
Matina Horner
Gender and depression
30. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
External locus of control
Idiographic approach
Self-esteem
Authoritarianism
31. Personality changes little after age 30
Endomorph
Androgynous
Costa and McCrae
Self-awareness
32. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Nomothetic approach
Endomorph
Phrenology
Mirrors
33. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Julian Rotter
Learned helplessness
34. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Julian Rotter
Seymour Epstein
Internal locus of control
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
35. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
External locus of control
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Sandra Bem
3 personality theories
36. Hierarchy of needs
Martin Seligman
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Abraham Maslow
Twin studies
37. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
38. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
3 personality theories
Personality tests (2 types)
Taxonomies
Hans Eysenck
39. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Trait hierarchy
Personality tests (2 types)
Narcissism
Twin studies
40. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Self-efficacy
Nomothetic approach
Martin Seligman
Self-esteem
41. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Dispositional attribution
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Idiographic approach
42. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Fundamental attribution error
Hans Eysenck
Self-awareness
Alice Eagly
43. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Personality tests (2 types)
Self-awareness
Self-efficacy
Raymond Cattell
44. Somatotypes personality theory
interactionists
Fundamental attribution error
situationists
William Sheldon
45. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Julian Rotter
Cognitive prototype approach
Fundamental attribution error
Gender and depression
46. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Fundamental attribution error
Dispositional attribution
Nomothetic approach
47. Cognitive prototype approach
Seymour Epstein
Sandra Bem
Proprium or propriate function
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
48. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Sandra Bem
Self-handicapping
Phenomenological view (personality)
49. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Phrenology
Mirrors
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Trait hierarchy
50. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Self-consciousness
Costa and McCrae
Hans Eysenck
Proprium or propriate function