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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Big Five
Implicit theories (personality)
Consistency paradox
2. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Implicit theories (personality)
Taxonomies
Self-handicapping
Ectomorph
3. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Self-esteem
Hans Eysenck
William Sheldon
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
4. Only circumstances determine behavior
Narcissism
Sandra Bem
Kay Deaux
situationists
5. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
situationists
Fundamental attribution error
Narcissism
Phrenology
6. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Ectomorph
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Barnum effect
situationists
7. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Mesomorph
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Fundamental attribution error
Dispositional attribution
8. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Twin studies
Hans Eysenck
Type A personality
Narcissism
9. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Proprium or propriate function
Idiographic approach
trait
Nomothetic approach
10. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Big Five
Hans Eysenck
Self-efficacy
11. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Learned helplessness
Raymond Cattell
Implicit theories (personality)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
12. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Stimulus-seeking individuals
William Sheldon
George Kelley
Authoritarianism
13. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
External locus of control
Internal locus of control
Personality tests (2 types)
Grant Dahlstrom
14. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Matina Horner
Phenomenological view (personality)
Kay Deaux
personal constructs
15. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
George Kelley
Costa and McCrae
Raymond Cattell
16. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Self-consciousness
Self-monitoring
Consistency paradox
Nomothetic approach
17. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Learned optimism
Cognitive prototype approach
Abraham Maslow
Matina Horner
18. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
George Kelley
Cognitive prototype approach
Learned optimism
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
19. Critical of personality trait theory
Type A personality
Seymour Epstein
Gordon Allport
Fundamental attribution error
20. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Consistency paradox
External locus of control
personal constructs
Stimulus-seeking individuals
21. Somatotypes personality theory
Phenomenological view (personality)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
interactionists
William Sheldon
22. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
William Sheldon
Personality
Abraham Maslow
Phrenology
23. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Self-awareness
Lexical approach
Dispositional attribution
Learned optimism
24. Possessing both male and female qualities
Taxonomies
Androgynous
trait
Big Five
25. Personality changes little after age 30
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Costa and McCrae
dispositionist
Androgynous
26. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Mirrors
Self-consciousness
Mesomorph
Martin Seligman
27. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-handicapping
Learned helplessness
Twin studies
Ectomorph
28. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Henry Murray
personal constructs
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Idiographic approach
29. Cognitive prototype approach
Type theory
Internal locus of control
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Gordon Allport
30. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
Self-awareness
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Hans Eysenck
31. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
dispositionist
Mesomorph
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
32. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Self-monitoring
Alice Eagly
Androgynous
Gender and depression
33. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Self-esteem
Mirrors
Grant Dahlstrom
Martin Seligman
34. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Henry Murray
Learned optimism
George Kelley
35. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Type A personality
Authoritarianism
Self-handicapping
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
36. Learned helplessness
Proprium or propriate function
Martin Seligman
Fundamental attribution error
Taxonomies
37. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Grant Dahlstrom
Twin studies
Self-esteem
Costa and McCrae
38. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Narcissism
Implicit theories (personality)
Authoritarianism
Learned helplessness
39. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
dispositionist
Taxonomies
Trait hierarchy
Julian Rotter
40. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Self-consciousness
Gender and depression
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
George Kelley
41. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Costa and McCrae
Nomothetic approach
Phenomenological view (personality)
Self-awareness
42. Studied Type A personality
Fundamental attribution error
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
William Sheldon
Alice Eagly
43. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
3 personality theories
Big Five
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Personality tests (2 types)
44. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Kay Deaux
Alice Eagly
interactionists
Cognitive prototype approach
45. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
46. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Mesomorph
Narcissism
Henry Murray
Raymond Cattell
47. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Proprium or propriate function
Seymour Epstein
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Personality
48. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Narcissism
Twin studies
George Kelley
Grant Dahlstrom
49. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Implicit theories (personality)
Idiographic approach
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Personality tests (2 types)
50. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Learned optimism
External locus of control
Abraham Maslow
Phrenology