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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Learned helplessness
Gordon Allport
Ectomorph
Androgynous
2. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Fundamental attribution error
interactionists
Self-efficacy
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
3. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Consistency paradox
Endomorph
George Kelley
Sandra Bem
4. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Taxonomies
dispositionist
Julian Rotter
5. Critical of personality trait theory
Phrenology
Seymour Epstein
Type theory
interactionists
6. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Fundamental attribution error
personal constructs
Personality tests (2 types)
William Sheldon
7. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Internal locus of control
William Sheldon
Self-awareness
8. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Gordon Allport
3 personality theories
Ectomorph
trait
9. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Phenomenological view (personality)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
10. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
3 personality theories
Nomothetic approach
Trait hierarchy
Self-efficacy
11. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Mirrors
Endomorph
Self-monitoring
trait
12. External and internal locus of control
Twin studies
Self-awareness
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Julian Rotter
13. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-consciousness
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Lexical approach
14. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Self-monitoring
Grant Dahlstrom
15. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Matina Horner
trait
Fundamental attribution error
Nomothetic approach
16. Learned helplessness
Self-efficacy
Abraham Maslow
Martin Seligman
Type A personality
17. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Implicit theories (personality)
Self-monitoring
Learned optimism
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
18. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Alice Eagly
Costa and McCrae
Phrenology
Raymond Cattell
19. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
William Sheldon
Cognitive prototype approach
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Ectomorph
20. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Narcissism
dispositionist
Idiographic approach
personal constructs
21. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Barnum effect
Type A personality
Fundamental attribution error
22. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Kay Deaux
Gender and depression
Proprium or propriate function
Mesomorph
23. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
Nomothetic approach
Internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
24. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Martin Seligman
Proprium or propriate function
Self-efficacy
Lexical approach
25. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
personal constructs
Henry Murray
Personality
26. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Gordon Allport
3 personality theories
Proprium or propriate function
Twin studies
27. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Kay Deaux
interactionists
28. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Dispositional attribution
Twin studies
Barnum effect
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
29. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-efficacy
Self-awareness
Consistency paradox
30. Personality changes little after age 30
Sandra Bem
Learned optimism
Costa and McCrae
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
31. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Matina Horner
Barnum effect
Mirrors
Lexical approach
32. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Self-awareness
Dispositional attribution
Lexical approach
Learned optimism
33. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
personal constructs
Consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein
Raymond Cattell
34. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Abraham Maslow
Nomothetic approach
Type theory
35. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Grant Dahlstrom
Ectomorph
Androgynous
Phenomenological view (personality)
36. Studied Type A personality
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Phenomenological view (personality)
Internal locus of control
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
37. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Matina Horner
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Self-handicapping
38. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
39. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Barnum effect
Self-handicapping
Internal locus of control
40. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Abraham Maslow
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Martin Seligman
41. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Type theory
Abraham Maslow
Personality tests (2 types)
Julian Rotter
42. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Phrenology
Proprium or propriate function
situationists
Costa and McCrae
43. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Matina Horner
Personality tests (2 types)
situationists
44. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Hans Eysenck
Nomothetic approach
Internal locus of control
Phrenology
45. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
interactionists
George Kelley
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
personal constructs
46. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Raymond Cattell
Type A personality
Kay Deaux
Self-monitoring
47. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Authoritarianism
Personality tests (2 types)
Taxonomies
3 personality theories
48. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Lexical approach
Dispositional attribution
Idiographic approach
49. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
personal constructs
Raymond Cattell
Implicit theories (personality)
Phenomenological view (personality)
50. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Self-esteem
Mesomorph
Mirrors
Internal locus of control