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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Gordon Allport
Learned helplessness
3 personality theories
2. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Self-efficacy
Proprium or propriate function
Authoritarianism
Martin Seligman
3. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Learned optimism
Authoritarianism
Personality tests (2 types)
Phenomenological view (personality)
4. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Mesomorph
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-monitoring
Phrenology
5. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Idiographic approach
Mesomorph
Androgynous
Stimulus-seeking individuals
6. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Matina Horner
Fundamental attribution error
Self-monitoring
Raymond Cattell
7. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Abraham Maslow
Implicit theories (personality)
Grant Dahlstrom
Self-awareness
8. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Nomothetic approach
Cognitive prototype approach
William Sheldon
Phenomenological view (personality)
9. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Nomothetic approach
Self-awareness
Gordon Allport
Gender and depression
10. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Phenomenological view (personality)
Self-handicapping
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Henry Murray
11. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Phrenology
Authoritarianism
Big Five
trait
12. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
interactionists
Self-consciousness
Self-awareness
Idiographic approach
13. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Gordon Allport
External locus of control
Costa and McCrae
14. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Self-esteem
Learned optimism
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
dispositionist
15. Learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Type A personality
16. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Cognitive prototype approach
Phenomenological view (personality)
External locus of control
Self-handicapping
17. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Endomorph
Big Five
Twin studies
18. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Self-esteem
Self-consciousness
Self-efficacy
19. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Self-efficacy
Type A personality
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
20. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Julian Rotter
Internal locus of control
Personality tests (2 types)
21. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Personality
Phenomenological view (personality)
Mesomorph
22. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Self-esteem
Proprium or propriate function
Phrenology
Big Five
23. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Implicit theories (personality)
Learned helplessness
Alice Eagly
24. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
George Kelley
Learned optimism
Internal locus of control
Nomothetic approach
25. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Narcissism
Kay Deaux
Hans Eysenck
Learned optimism
26. Only circumstances determine behavior
Henry Murray
situationists
Trait hierarchy
Self-esteem
27. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Henry Murray
Nomothetic approach
Trait hierarchy
Martin Seligman
28. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Costa and McCrae
External locus of control
trait
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
29. Personality changes little after age 30
Type theory
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Internal locus of control
Costa and McCrae
30. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Fundamental attribution error
Alice Eagly
Julian Rotter
Androgynous
31. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Mirrors
Implicit theories (personality)
Personality
32. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
situationists
Dispositional attribution
Ectomorph
Big Five
33. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Trait hierarchy
Barnum effect
Endomorph
Proprium or propriate function
34. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
35. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Phenomenological view (personality)
situationists
Consistency paradox
personal constructs
36. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Trait hierarchy
Henry Murray
Twin studies
Taxonomies
37. Critical of personality trait theory
Matina Horner
Cognitive prototype approach
Kay Deaux
Seymour Epstein
38. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Authoritarianism
Self-esteem
Narcissism
Lexical approach
39. Have a great need for arousal
Costa and McCrae
Type A personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Personality
40. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Fundamental attribution error
Nomothetic approach
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Bem Sex Role Inventory
41. External and internal locus of control
Self-consciousness
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Julian Rotter
Twin studies
42. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
situationists
Kay Deaux
Narcissism
Self-esteem
43. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Androgynous
Barnum effect
Big Five
Alice Eagly
44. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Consistency paradox
George Kelley
Sandra Bem
Barnum effect
45. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Ectomorph
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Cognitive prototype approach
interactionists
46. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Self-awareness
Narcissism
Personality
Grant Dahlstrom
47. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
trait
Dispositional attribution
Raymond Cattell
Learned helplessness
48. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Proprium or propriate function
Mesomorph
Sandra Bem
Self-efficacy
49. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
personal constructs
Hans Eysenck
Self-awareness
George Kelley
50. Somatotypes personality theory
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
personal constructs
Alice Eagly
William Sheldon