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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer
50
questions in
15 minutes
.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Learned optimism
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Fundamental attribution error
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
2. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Phenomenological view (personality)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Type A personality
Proprium or propriate function
3. Cognitive prototype approach
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Self-esteem
Personality
personal constructs
4. Possessing both male and female qualities
Learned helplessness
Trait hierarchy
Androgynous
Henry Murray
5. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Julian Rotter
Twin studies
Personality tests (2 types)
6. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Grant Dahlstrom
Dispositional attribution
Raymond Cattell
Self-efficacy
7. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Gender and depression
interactionists
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Grant Dahlstrom
8. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Authoritarianism
External locus of control
Lexical approach
Idiographic approach
9. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
personal constructs
Authoritarianism
Seymour Epstein
Type theory
10. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Self-consciousness
Grant Dahlstrom
personal constructs
situationists
11. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Big Five
Endomorph
Grant Dahlstrom
Nomothetic approach
12. Critical of personality trait theory
Fundamental attribution error
Seymour Epstein
Henry Murray
Grant Dahlstrom
13. Hierarchy of needs
trait
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Abraham Maslow
Dispositional attribution
14. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Fundamental attribution error
dispositionist
Self-consciousness
15. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Costa and McCrae
Proprium or propriate function
Self-efficacy
Barnum effect
16. Studied Type A personality
Narcissism
William Sheldon
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Fundamental attribution error
17. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Personality
3 personality theories
Self-handicapping
Sandra Bem
18. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Mesomorph
Grant Dahlstrom
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Learned optimism
19. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Learned helplessness
Idiographic approach
situationists
Barnum effect
20. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
trait
Self-esteem
Implicit theories (personality)
Learned helplessness
21. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Authoritarianism
interactionists
Nomothetic approach
22. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Learned helplessness
George Kelley
Phrenology
Internal locus of control
23. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Personality tests (2 types)
George Kelley
Type A personality
Taxonomies
24. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Mirrors
Taxonomies
External locus of control
Self-consciousness
25. External and internal locus of control
Big Five
Alice Eagly
Julian Rotter
Stimulus-seeking individuals
26. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
External locus of control
Sandra Bem
Gordon Allport
Phrenology
27. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
interactionists
Mirrors
Phrenology
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
28. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-monitoring
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Narcissism
29. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Costa and McCrae
Narcissism
Phenomenological view (personality)
William Sheldon
30. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
External locus of control
Nomothetic approach
Fundamental attribution error
31. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Learned helplessness
Big Five
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
32. Learned helplessness
Proprium or propriate function
Martin Seligman
Costa and McCrae
Self-efficacy
33. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Dispositional attribution
interactionists
dispositionist
Self-monitoring
34. Personality changes little after age 30
Costa and McCrae
Matina Horner
Gordon Allport
Androgynous
35. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Self-efficacy
Self-consciousness
Taxonomies
Kay Deaux
36. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Learned helplessness
Gordon Allport
Self-efficacy
Type A personality
37. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Grant Dahlstrom
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
William Sheldon
38. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Fundamental attribution error
Ectomorph
Raymond Cattell
Learned helplessness
39. Somatotypes personality theory
Henry Murray
Self-consciousness
William Sheldon
External locus of control
40. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Abraham Maslow
Mesomorph
Internal locus of control
Ectomorph
41. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Authoritarianism
Self-efficacy
Learned helplessness
3 personality theories
42. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Phrenology
Phenomenological view (personality)
Learned optimism
Internal locus of control
43. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Phenomenological view (personality)
Androgynous
Taxonomies
44. Have a great need for arousal
Mirrors
situationists
Big Five
Stimulus-seeking individuals
45. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Narcissism
Idiographic approach
Type theory
Internal locus of control
46. Only circumstances determine behavior
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
situationists
Costa and McCrae
interactionists
47. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
48. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Self-esteem
Dispositional attribution
Lexical approach
Self-efficacy
49. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Taxonomies
Learned optimism
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Personality
50. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Alice Eagly
Grant Dahlstrom
Gordon Allport
Self-efficacy