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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Fundamental attribution error
Costa and McCrae
External locus of control
2. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-handicapping
Self-consciousness
Sandra Bem
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
3. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Internal locus of control
Self-consciousness
Fundamental attribution error
Self-monitoring
4. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Gender and depression
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Stimulus-seeking individuals
External locus of control
5. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Idiographic approach
Lexical approach
Endomorph
6. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Consistency paradox
dispositionist
Bem Sex Role Inventory
situationists
7. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Raymond Cattell
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Endomorph
8. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Consistency paradox
Hans Eysenck
Narcissism
Lexical approach
9. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Lexical approach
Trait hierarchy
Endomorph
Grant Dahlstrom
10. Hierarchy of needs
Taxonomies
Self-handicapping
Abraham Maslow
Ectomorph
11. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
personal constructs
Phenomenological view (personality)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
interactionists
12. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Raymond Cattell
External locus of control
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
13. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Ectomorph
Barnum effect
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Consistency paradox
14. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Gender and depression
trait
Type A personality
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
15. Studied Type A personality
Mirrors
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
3 personality theories
Bem Sex Role Inventory
16. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
personal constructs
dispositionist
Fundamental attribution error
Phenomenological view (personality)
17. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Learned optimism
George Kelley
Sandra Bem
Self-awareness
18. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Personality tests (2 types)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Narcissism
Big Five
19. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Gordon Allport
Internal locus of control
Gender and depression
20. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Grant Dahlstrom
Ectomorph
Implicit theories (personality)
21. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Implicit theories (personality)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Self-handicapping
22. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Seymour Epstein
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Implicit theories (personality)
Costa and McCrae
23. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Androgynous
Proprium or propriate function
Ectomorph
Consistency paradox
24. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Implicit theories (personality)
Self-awareness
Costa and McCrae
Nomothetic approach
25. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Alice Eagly
Stimulus-seeking individuals
3 personality theories
Sandra Bem
26. Have a great need for arousal
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Dispositional attribution
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
27. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Fundamental attribution error
George Kelley
Learned helplessness
Internal locus of control
28. Personality changes little after age 30
Phrenology
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Costa and McCrae
Self-handicapping
29. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Stimulus-seeking individuals
William Sheldon
Nomothetic approach
Self-esteem
30. Possessing both male and female qualities
Cognitive prototype approach
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Androgynous
Raymond Cattell
31. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Barnum effect
Self-monitoring
Fundamental attribution error
Seymour Epstein
32. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Fundamental attribution error
Idiographic approach
Narcissism
trait
33. Learned helplessness
Type A personality
personal constructs
William Sheldon
Martin Seligman
34. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Type theory
Learned optimism
Self-esteem
trait
35. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Sandra Bem
Raymond Cattell
Internal locus of control
Self-consciousness
36. Critical of personality trait theory
Grant Dahlstrom
Seymour Epstein
Alice Eagly
Gordon Allport
37. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
dispositionist
Mesomorph
Dispositional attribution
Proprium or propriate function
38. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Twin studies
Trait hierarchy
Cognitive prototype approach
dispositionist
39. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-awareness
Barnum effect
40. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
personal constructs
Mirrors
41. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Mesomorph
Phenomenological view (personality)
Stimulus-seeking individuals
42. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
Mirrors
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Gordon Allport
43. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
3 personality theories
Narcissism
trait
Androgynous
44. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Type theory
Alice Eagly
Self-handicapping
personal constructs
45. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Consistency paradox
Personality tests (2 types)
George Kelley
dispositionist
46. Somatotypes personality theory
situationists
William Sheldon
Mesomorph
Phenomenological view (personality)
47. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Bem Sex Role Inventory
situationists
External locus of control
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
48. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Hans Eysenck
Idiographic approach
Internal locus of control
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
49. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Phenomenological view (personality)
Phrenology
Kay Deaux
George Kelley
50. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Mesomorph
Phrenology
Idiographic approach
Self-awareness