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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)






2. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary






3. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






4. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






5. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed






6. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition






7. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced






8. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality






9. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






10. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations






11. Cognitive prototype approach






12. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag






13. Only circumstances determine behavior






14. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






15. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






16. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure






17. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist






18. Hierarchy of needs






19. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently






20. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-






21. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






22. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self






23. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






24. Cognitive training against learned helplessness






25. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically






26. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






27. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour






28. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics






29. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure






30. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings






31. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists






32. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem






33. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






34. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






35. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph


36. Critical of personality trait theory






37. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






38. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






39. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)






40. Have a great need for arousal






41. Personality changes little after age 30






42. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






43. Somatotypes personality theory






44. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






45. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






46. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes






47. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






48. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)






49. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social






50. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts