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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Grant Dahlstrom
Self-handicapping
Consistency paradox
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
2. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Consistency paradox
Big Five
Gordon Allport
Kay Deaux
3. Critical of personality trait theory
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Sandra Bem
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Seymour Epstein
4. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Twin studies
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Self-handicapping
Phrenology
5. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Abraham Maslow
Lexical approach
Implicit theories (personality)
Narcissism
6. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Kay Deaux
William Sheldon
dispositionist
Trait hierarchy
7. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Ectomorph
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
interactionists
8. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
9. Have a great need for arousal
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Kay Deaux
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
10. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Mirrors
Trait hierarchy
Learned helplessness
Gordon Allport
11. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
3 personality theories
Self-esteem
Self-consciousness
Implicit theories (personality)
12. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-awareness
Mirrors
Taxonomies
13. Learned helplessness
Personality
Cognitive prototype approach
Martin Seligman
George Kelley
14. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Self-esteem
Fundamental attribution error
Personality tests (2 types)
Seymour Epstein
15. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Lexical approach
George Kelley
Matina Horner
Internal locus of control
16. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Idiographic approach
interactionists
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Henry Murray
17. Possessing both male and female qualities
Trait hierarchy
Androgynous
Alice Eagly
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
18. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Endomorph
personal constructs
Barnum effect
19. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Grant Dahlstrom
Nomothetic approach
Alice Eagly
Personality
20. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Self-awareness
Androgynous
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Raymond Cattell
21. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Lexical approach
Learned helplessness
Internal locus of control
Self-awareness
22. Personality changes little after age 30
Costa and McCrae
Mesomorph
Dispositional attribution
Taxonomies
23. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Hans Eysenck
Gordon Allport
trait
Self-consciousness
24. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Androgynous
Self-awareness
Trait hierarchy
personal constructs
25. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Self-handicapping
Henry Murray
External locus of control
Learned optimism
26. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Big Five
Abraham Maslow
dispositionist
27. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Henry Murray
dispositionist
Endomorph
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
28. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Type theory
Self-esteem
Consistency paradox
Gordon Allport
29. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Raymond Cattell
Authoritarianism
Barnum effect
interactionists
30. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Implicit theories (personality)
Lexical approach
31. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Endomorph
Julian Rotter
Idiographic approach
Learned optimism
32. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Twin studies
Type A personality
Learned optimism
33. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Martin Seligman
George Kelley
Dispositional attribution
Type theory
34. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Type A personality
Phrenology
Trait hierarchy
Bem Sex Role Inventory
35. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Twin studies
Sandra Bem
Abraham Maslow
George Kelley
36. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Grant Dahlstrom
Narcissism
External locus of control
Raymond Cattell
37. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Type theory
Kay Deaux
Type A personality
38. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Sandra Bem
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Alice Eagly
George Kelley
39. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Self-esteem
personal constructs
Internal locus of control
Twin studies
40. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Alice Eagly
Gordon Allport
George Kelley
Bem Sex Role Inventory
41. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Trait hierarchy
Taxonomies
Gender and depression
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
42. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
dispositionist
Internal locus of control
Endomorph
Self-monitoring
43. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
trait
Cognitive prototype approach
Androgynous
Self-efficacy
44. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Internal locus of control
3 personality theories
Proprium or propriate function
Self-awareness
45. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Kay Deaux
Phrenology
Raymond Cattell
Nomothetic approach
46. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Authoritarianism
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Alice Eagly
Self-handicapping
47. Studied Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Self-awareness
Seymour Epstein
Implicit theories (personality)
48. Hierarchy of needs
Grant Dahlstrom
Abraham Maslow
Endomorph
Hans Eysenck
49. Somatotypes personality theory
William Sheldon
Kay Deaux
Idiographic approach
Gordon Allport
50. External and internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
Dispositional attribution
Self-esteem
Martin Seligman