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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Type theory
Mirrors
Gender and depression
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
2. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Costa and McCrae
Barnum effect
dispositionist
personal constructs
3. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Taxonomies
dispositionist
Narcissism
Grant Dahlstrom
4. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Idiographic approach
Consistency paradox
Learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
5. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
trait
Idiographic approach
Henry Murray
Abraham Maslow
6. Only circumstances determine behavior
Self-esteem
Julian Rotter
interactionists
situationists
7. External and internal locus of control
Alice Eagly
Twin studies
Dispositional attribution
Julian Rotter
8. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
personal constructs
Barnum effect
Androgynous
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
9. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Lexical approach
Endomorph
Self-awareness
Personality tests (2 types)
10. Have a great need for arousal
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Lexical approach
Personality
Costa and McCrae
11. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Androgynous
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Fundamental attribution error
Consistency paradox
12. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Self-awareness
Gordon Allport
Self-monitoring
Alice Eagly
13. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Hans Eysenck
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-esteem
Self-handicapping
14. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Type A personality
Dispositional attribution
George Kelley
Julian Rotter
15. Studied Type A personality
Endomorph
Barnum effect
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Self-efficacy
16. Critical of personality trait theory
Seymour Epstein
Internal locus of control
Big Five
Personality tests (2 types)
17. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
situationists
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Abraham Maslow
Barnum effect
18. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Narcissism
Kay Deaux
Gender and depression
3 personality theories
19. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Mesomorph
Gordon Allport
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Fundamental attribution error
20. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Authoritarianism
Self-esteem
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
21. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Henry Murray
Gender and depression
Implicit theories (personality)
Endomorph
22. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Consistency paradox
Abraham Maslow
Self-monitoring
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
23. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
William Sheldon
Type theory
dispositionist
Learned helplessness
24. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Fundamental attribution error
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Androgynous
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
25. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
dispositionist
Idiographic approach
Costa and McCrae
External locus of control
26. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
personal constructs
Phenomenological view (personality)
Personality
3 personality theories
27. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Big Five
Personality tests (2 types)
Self-awareness
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
28. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Mirrors
Gordon Allport
Proprium or propriate function
Self-esteem
29. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
dispositionist
Trait hierarchy
George Kelley
Ectomorph
30. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
George Kelley
Learned optimism
Matina Horner
Mirrors
31. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Learned optimism
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Grant Dahlstrom
Trait hierarchy
32. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Personality tests (2 types)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Fundamental attribution error
Consistency paradox
33. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Raymond Cattell
External locus of control
situationists
34. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Barnum effect
Big Five
Dispositional attribution
interactionists
35. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Proprium or propriate function
Internal locus of control
Martin Seligman
Big Five
36. Personality changes little after age 30
Twin studies
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Costa and McCrae
Martin Seligman
37. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Learned optimism
William Sheldon
Henry Murray
38. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Authoritarianism
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Personality
Mirrors
39. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Mirrors
Consistency paradox
External locus of control
Type theory
40. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Gordon Allport
Narcissism
Matina Horner
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
41. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Kay Deaux
Nomothetic approach
Dispositional attribution
Self-esteem
42. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Self-monitoring
Self-handicapping
Lexical approach
interactionists
43. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Personality
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Taxonomies
3 personality theories
44. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
3 personality theories
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Internal locus of control
Taxonomies
45. Cognitive prototype approach
Self-monitoring
Seymour Epstein
Learned helplessness
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
46. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Consistency paradox
Proprium or propriate function
Personality
Self-monitoring
47. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Internal locus of control
Taxonomies
48. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Mirrors
Self-efficacy
Type A personality
Consistency paradox
49. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Julian Rotter
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Learned helplessness
Narcissism
50. Hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-consciousness
Authoritarianism