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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts






2. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour






3. Learned helplessness






4. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph

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5. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






6. External and internal locus of control






7. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person






8. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






9. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






10. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism






11. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations






12. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)






13. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self






14. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior






15. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






16. Only circumstances determine behavior






17. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)






18. Studied Type A personality






19. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






20. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






21. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes






22. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






23. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






24. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






25. Cognitive training against learned helplessness






26. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive






27. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






28. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist






29. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






30. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary






31. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem






32. Critical of personality trait theory






33. Possessing both male and female qualities






34. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






35. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men






36. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality






37. Somatotypes personality theory






38. Personality changes little after age 30






39. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)






40. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure






41. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality






42. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations






43. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






44. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition






45. Cognitive prototype approach






46. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings






47. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically






48. Hierarchy of needs






49. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences






50. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed







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