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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
trait
George Kelley
Type theory
2. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Nomothetic approach
Consistency paradox
Grant Dahlstrom
Abraham Maslow
3. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Barnum effect
Gender and depression
Kay Deaux
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
4. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Idiographic approach
Hans Eysenck
Alice Eagly
Trait hierarchy
5. Critical of personality trait theory
Self-awareness
Internal locus of control
Dispositional attribution
Seymour Epstein
6. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Big Five
Narcissism
Internal locus of control
Lexical approach
7. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-monitoring
Costa and McCrae
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Self-consciousness
8. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Phrenology
trait
Grant Dahlstrom
Proprium or propriate function
9. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Seymour Epstein
Taxonomies
Sandra Bem
Learned optimism
10. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-handicapping
Henry Murray
interactionists
Narcissism
11. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Kay Deaux
Big Five
Internal locus of control
Nomothetic approach
12. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Costa and McCrae
Mirrors
situationists
Self-efficacy
13. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
William Sheldon
Dispositional attribution
Learned helplessness
Fundamental attribution error
14. Studied Type A personality
Fundamental attribution error
Seymour Epstein
Learned helplessness
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
15. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Type A personality
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Lexical approach
Phrenology
16. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Authoritarianism
personal constructs
Self-awareness
Hans Eysenck
17. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-awareness
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Martin Seligman
18. Have a great need for arousal
Alice Eagly
External locus of control
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Grant Dahlstrom
19. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Barnum effect
Androgynous
personal constructs
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
20. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
3 personality theories
Raymond Cattell
Internal locus of control
Twin studies
21. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Endomorph
Mirrors
Self-esteem
Twin studies
22. Only circumstances determine behavior
Barnum effect
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
situationists
Self-monitoring
23. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Self-awareness
Mirrors
Type A personality
interactionists
24. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Mirrors
3 personality theories
Alice Eagly
Self-efficacy
25. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Phrenology
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
dispositionist
Barnum effect
26. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Matina Horner
Consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein
Narcissism
27. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Abraham Maslow
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Kay Deaux
External locus of control
28. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-handicapping
Authoritarianism
Sandra Bem
Proprium or propriate function
29. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Gordon Allport
Big Five
Twin studies
Henry Murray
30. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
Kay Deaux
Self-efficacy
Twin studies
31. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Phenomenological view (personality)
Raymond Cattell
Martin Seligman
Narcissism
32. Somatotypes personality theory
William Sheldon
personal constructs
Barnum effect
interactionists
33. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Proprium or propriate function
Phenomenological view (personality)
situationists
34. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Implicit theories (personality)
Personality tests (2 types)
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Raymond Cattell
35. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Endomorph
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Authoritarianism
Bem Sex Role Inventory
36. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-awareness
Personality
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Internal locus of control
37. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Lexical approach
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Type A personality
Abraham Maslow
38. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Self-handicapping
Self-monitoring
Ectomorph
39. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Dispositional attribution
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Mesomorph
40. Cognitive prototype approach
Nomothetic approach
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Narcissism
Personality
41. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Taxonomies
Seymour Epstein
Type theory
Stimulus-seeking individuals
42. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Authoritarianism
Julian Rotter
43. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
situationists
dispositionist
Cognitive prototype approach
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
44. Possessing both male and female qualities
dispositionist
Androgynous
Gordon Allport
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
45. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Self-handicapping
Nomothetic approach
Endomorph
Abraham Maslow
46. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
3 personality theories
Personality tests (2 types)
Barnum effect
47. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
George Kelley
Gender and depression
Raymond Cattell
Self-consciousness
48. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Type theory
Twin studies
Mirrors
Ectomorph
49. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Consistency paradox
Phenomenological view (personality)
Julian Rotter
50. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Alice Eagly
Self-handicapping
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Dispositional attribution