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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Internal locus of control
Alice Eagly
Personality
External locus of control
2. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
situationists
Ectomorph
George Kelley
3. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Self-handicapping
George Kelley
trait
Big Five
4. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Self-esteem
Lexical approach
Nomothetic approach
Kay Deaux
5. Have a great need for arousal
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Big Five
interactionists
Self-efficacy
6. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
3 personality theories
Idiographic approach
Self-efficacy
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
7. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Implicit theories (personality)
Kay Deaux
External locus of control
Self-handicapping
8. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Self-monitoring
Type A personality
situationists
Gender and depression
9. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Twin studies
Julian Rotter
Trait hierarchy
10. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Julian Rotter
Barnum effect
Self-esteem
Narcissism
11. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Hans Eysenck
Trait hierarchy
Endomorph
Implicit theories (personality)
12. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Self-awareness
Lexical approach
Sandra Bem
13. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Gender and depression
Grant Dahlstrom
Nomothetic approach
External locus of control
14. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
External locus of control
interactionists
William Sheldon
Consistency paradox
15. Somatotypes personality theory
Internal locus of control
William Sheldon
Gender and depression
Hans Eysenck
16. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Trait hierarchy
Androgynous
Learned helplessness
Self-consciousness
17. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Taxonomies
Henry Murray
Gordon Allport
Personality
18. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Fundamental attribution error
Endomorph
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-handicapping
19. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Alice Eagly
Phrenology
Personality tests (2 types)
Internal locus of control
20. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Nomothetic approach
Personality tests (2 types)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
21. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
George Kelley
Fundamental attribution error
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Self-monitoring
22. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Mirrors
Henry Murray
Hans Eysenck
Personality tests (2 types)
23. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Self-monitoring
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Barnum effect
24. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Androgynous
Mirrors
personal constructs
Julian Rotter
25. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Self-efficacy
Implicit theories (personality)
Twin studies
Consistency paradox
26. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Fundamental attribution error
Type theory
Authoritarianism
Personality tests (2 types)
27. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Mesomorph
Henry Murray
Self-consciousness
trait
28. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Idiographic approach
Gordon Allport
Proprium or propriate function
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
29. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Julian Rotter
Self-consciousness
Type A personality
Self-esteem
30. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
3 personality theories
Self-handicapping
Twin studies
Type A personality
31. Possessing both male and female qualities
Proprium or propriate function
Androgynous
Phrenology
Trait hierarchy
32. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Proprium or propriate function
Lexical approach
Seymour Epstein
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
33. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
trait
Barnum effect
External locus of control
Self-consciousness
34. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Idiographic approach
Gender and depression
Fundamental attribution error
35. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Gender and depression
External locus of control
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
36. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
George Kelley
Narcissism
William Sheldon
Personality tests (2 types)
37. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
dispositionist
Proprium or propriate function
Taxonomies
Hans Eysenck
38. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
situationists
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Learned helplessness
Phenomenological view (personality)
39. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
personal constructs
Grant Dahlstrom
Authoritarianism
Gordon Allport
40. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Mesomorph
Julian Rotter
Self-consciousness
Trait hierarchy
41. Cognitive prototype approach
George Kelley
Consistency paradox
Self-monitoring
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
42. Personality changes little after age 30
Costa and McCrae
Learned optimism
External locus of control
Martin Seligman
43. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Gender and depression
Androgynous
Stimulus-seeking individuals
44. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Narcissism
Taxonomies
Self-handicapping
45. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Phrenology
Lexical approach
Costa and McCrae
Gender and depression
46. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Type theory
Narcissism
Dispositional attribution
47. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Dispositional attribution
Learned optimism
Mirrors
Alice Eagly
48. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Nomothetic approach
Fundamental attribution error
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Mesomorph
49. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
trait
Nomothetic approach
Implicit theories (personality)
Alice Eagly
50. Critical of personality trait theory
Trait hierarchy
Self-handicapping
Seymour Epstein
Endomorph