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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
External locus of control
George Kelley
Raymond Cattell
Nomothetic approach
2. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Grant Dahlstrom
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Henry Murray
3. External and internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
Henry Murray
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Abraham Maslow
4. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Personality
Personality tests (2 types)
Androgynous
Twin studies
5. Critical of personality trait theory
Nomothetic approach
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
George Kelley
Seymour Epstein
6. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Trait hierarchy
personal constructs
Phrenology
7. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Learned optimism
Self-esteem
Self-awareness
3 personality theories
8. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Big Five
Self-handicapping
Self-efficacy
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
9. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-awareness
Dispositional attribution
Type A personality
Matina Horner
10. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Alice Eagly
Costa and McCrae
Learned helplessness
3 personality theories
11. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Self-handicapping
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Raymond Cattell
Self-consciousness
12. Hierarchy of needs
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Internal locus of control
Abraham Maslow
trait
13. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Phrenology
Kay Deaux
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Costa and McCrae
14. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Authoritarianism
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Proprium or propriate function
Twin studies
15. Cognitive prototype approach
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Learned helplessness
Gordon Allport
Narcissism
16. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Narcissism
Raymond Cattell
Sandra Bem
Costa and McCrae
17. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
18. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Taxonomies
Personality
situationists
Matina Horner
19. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
3 personality theories
Endomorph
Abraham Maslow
Mirrors
20. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Implicit theories (personality)
Martin Seligman
Learned optimism
trait
21. Only circumstances determine behavior
Cognitive prototype approach
situationists
Taxonomies
Grant Dahlstrom
22. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Cognitive prototype approach
Phenomenological view (personality)
Self-handicapping
Trait hierarchy
23. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Grant Dahlstrom
Nomothetic approach
William Sheldon
Personality tests (2 types)
24. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Learned helplessness
Fundamental attribution error
Dispositional attribution
dispositionist
25. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Abraham Maslow
interactionists
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Mesomorph
26. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Grant Dahlstrom
Hans Eysenck
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-awareness
27. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-consciousness
Julian Rotter
Phenomenological view (personality)
Androgynous
28. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Internal locus of control
Self-efficacy
Twin studies
External locus of control
29. Possessing both male and female qualities
Authoritarianism
Personality tests (2 types)
Androgynous
Cognitive prototype approach
30. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
William Sheldon
Barnum effect
Nomothetic approach
Self-monitoring
31. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
interactionists
Kay Deaux
Gender and depression
Henry Murray
32. Have a great need for arousal
Idiographic approach
Implicit theories (personality)
Julian Rotter
Stimulus-seeking individuals
33. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Grant Dahlstrom
Self-consciousness
personal constructs
Twin studies
34. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-awareness
Self-monitoring
Gender and depression
35. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
George Kelley
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
3 personality theories
36. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Endomorph
Internal locus of control
Type A personality
Lexical approach
37. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Self-efficacy
William Sheldon
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Learned helplessness
38. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Fundamental attribution error
Narcissism
Authoritarianism
Androgynous
39. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Internal locus of control
Hans Eysenck
Grant Dahlstrom
Mesomorph
40. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Mirrors
Personality tests (2 types)
Endomorph
Type theory
41. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Self-esteem
Gordon Allport
Cognitive prototype approach
Phenomenological view (personality)
42. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Nomothetic approach
Type A personality
Costa and McCrae
43. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Authoritarianism
Trait hierarchy
Kay Deaux
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
44. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Mesomorph
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-awareness
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
45. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Self-consciousness
Proprium or propriate function
Costa and McCrae
William Sheldon
46. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Learned helplessness
Trait hierarchy
Self-consciousness
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
47. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Gordon Allport
Self-esteem
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-monitoring
48. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Nomothetic approach
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Ectomorph
Henry Murray
49. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Dispositional attribution
Alice Eagly
Internal locus of control
Androgynous
50. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Phrenology
Self-esteem
trait
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin