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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Authoritarianism
Taxonomies
Lexical approach
Trait hierarchy
2. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Mirrors
trait
situationists
Trait hierarchy
3. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
Martin Seligman
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Personality
4. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Self-handicapping
Hans Eysenck
Lexical approach
Learned helplessness
5. Personality changes little after age 30
Abraham Maslow
Learned helplessness
Self-consciousness
Costa and McCrae
6. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Raymond Cattell
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Implicit theories (personality)
Mirrors
7. Critical of personality trait theory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Seymour Epstein
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Authoritarianism
8. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Authoritarianism
Big Five
Barnum effect
9. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
George Kelley
Ectomorph
Barnum effect
Costa and McCrae
10. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Self-consciousness
Sandra Bem
Twin studies
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
11. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Sandra Bem
Bem Sex Role Inventory
12. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Martin Seligman
External locus of control
Narcissism
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
13. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Kay Deaux
Self-efficacy
Dispositional attribution
Mirrors
14. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Kay Deaux
Gender and depression
Gordon Allport
Self-monitoring
15. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Henry Murray
Grant Dahlstrom
Endomorph
Consistency paradox
16. Hierarchy of needs
dispositionist
Implicit theories (personality)
Authoritarianism
Abraham Maslow
17. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Lexical approach
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Idiographic approach
18. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Phrenology
dispositionist
Learned optimism
trait
19. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Dispositional attribution
dispositionist
Self-esteem
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
20. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Type theory
Henry Murray
Cognitive prototype approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
21. Possessing both male and female qualities
Trait hierarchy
situationists
Androgynous
dispositionist
22. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
trait
Taxonomies
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
23. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
personal constructs
Ectomorph
Hans Eysenck
Consistency paradox
24. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Self-esteem
dispositionist
Self-monitoring
Learned helplessness
25. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Implicit theories (personality)
Grant Dahlstrom
Hans Eysenck
Self-handicapping
26. Somatotypes personality theory
Alice Eagly
William Sheldon
Personality
interactionists
27. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-awareness
Idiographic approach
Seymour Epstein
Personality
28. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Dispositional attribution
Taxonomies
Abraham Maslow
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
29. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Mirrors
Nomothetic approach
Self-consciousness
Fundamental attribution error
30. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Dispositional attribution
Self-esteem
Type A personality
Implicit theories (personality)
31. Studied Type A personality
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Seymour Epstein
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Grant Dahlstrom
32. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Narcissism
Idiographic approach
Phrenology
Henry Murray
33. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
trait
Taxonomies
Nomothetic approach
Self-monitoring
34. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Type theory
Consistency paradox
Fundamental attribution error
35. Have a great need for arousal
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Self-consciousness
Personality
Proprium or propriate function
36. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Mesomorph
Phrenology
Martin Seligman
Matina Horner
37. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Learned helplessness
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Type A personality
Androgynous
38. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Personality tests (2 types)
Mirrors
Gordon Allport
39. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Cognitive prototype approach
Grant Dahlstrom
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
William Sheldon
40. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
3 personality theories
Androgynous
William Sheldon
Kay Deaux
41. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
42. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Internal locus of control
Consistency paradox
Learned optimism
Bem Sex Role Inventory
43. External and internal locus of control
George Kelley
Big Five
Personality
Julian Rotter
44. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Twin studies
Self-consciousness
Type theory
Dispositional attribution
45. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Self-monitoring
Phrenology
Barnum effect
Self-handicapping
46. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Gender and depression
Endomorph
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
47. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
William Sheldon
Grant Dahlstrom
trait
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
48. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Type theory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Seymour Epstein
49. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Self-consciousness
Self-handicapping
Type theory
Cognitive prototype approach
50. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Ectomorph
Alice Eagly
Bem Sex Role Inventory
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