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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Self-efficacy
Type theory
Phrenology
Type A personality
2. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Learned optimism
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Twin studies
3. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Dispositional attribution
Phrenology
Androgynous
Self-awareness
4. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Internal locus of control
Big Five
Cognitive prototype approach
5. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Self-handicapping
Internal locus of control
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Hans Eysenck
6. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Dispositional attribution
Self-efficacy
Personality tests (2 types)
Gordon Allport
7. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Dispositional attribution
Idiographic approach
Implicit theories (personality)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
8. Hierarchy of needs
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Consistency paradox
Costa and McCrae
Abraham Maslow
9. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Trait hierarchy
Hans Eysenck
Self-esteem
Twin studies
10. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Mirrors
trait
Self-esteem
Self-handicapping
11. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Trait hierarchy
Big Five
situationists
Self-monitoring
12. Possessing both male and female qualities
Authoritarianism
Phrenology
Androgynous
Twin studies
13. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
interactionists
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Type theory
Nomothetic approach
14. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Endomorph
Grant Dahlstrom
Fundamental attribution error
Kay Deaux
15. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Taxonomies
Consistency paradox
Learned optimism
Julian Rotter
16. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Type A personality
Self-monitoring
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Kay Deaux
17. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Ectomorph
Androgynous
Dispositional attribution
Grant Dahlstrom
18. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Mesomorph
Costa and McCrae
19. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Consistency paradox
trait
Learned helplessness
Endomorph
20. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
3 personality theories
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Endomorph
Henry Murray
21. Critical of personality trait theory
Julian Rotter
Lexical approach
Matina Horner
Seymour Epstein
22. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
personal constructs
Martin Seligman
Consistency paradox
Self-esteem
23. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Self-monitoring
Internal locus of control
Sandra Bem
24. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
3 personality theories
Endomorph
Self-efficacy
Cognitive prototype approach
25. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Mirrors
Hans Eysenck
Phrenology
Androgynous
26. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
situationists
Self-efficacy
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Authoritarianism
27. Studied Type A personality
Self-esteem
Big Five
Ectomorph
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
28. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Barnum effect
Type A personality
Self-monitoring
Narcissism
29. Learned helplessness
interactionists
Authoritarianism
Martin Seligman
Gender and depression
30. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Proprium or propriate function
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Learned helplessness
Self-awareness
31. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
trait
Costa and McCrae
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Alice Eagly
32. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Grant Dahlstrom
Gender and depression
Narcissism
Self-consciousness
33. Only circumstances determine behavior
Phrenology
Seymour Epstein
situationists
Self-efficacy
34. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Learned helplessness
External locus of control
Personality tests (2 types)
Self-consciousness
35. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Sandra Bem
Self-consciousness
Ectomorph
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
36. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
George Kelley
Mirrors
Cognitive prototype approach
Narcissism
37. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Personality
dispositionist
Self-handicapping
Big Five
38. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
George Kelley
Julian Rotter
39. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Lexical approach
Mesomorph
Kay Deaux
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
40. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Nomothetic approach
Mirrors
Ectomorph
Self-consciousness
41. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Fundamental attribution error
Internal locus of control
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Big Five
42. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Implicit theories (personality)
Self-consciousness
Authoritarianism
Henry Murray
43. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Implicit theories (personality)
Henry Murray
3 personality theories
Phenomenological view (personality)
44. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Ectomorph
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Consistency paradox
Stimulus-seeking individuals
45. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Internal locus of control
Implicit theories (personality)
Type A personality
Nomothetic approach
46. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Sandra Bem
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Implicit theories (personality)
Personality
47. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Mesomorph
Androgynous
Internal locus of control
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
48. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Raymond Cattell
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Henry Murray
Twin studies
49. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Nomothetic approach
Taxonomies
Self-efficacy
Bem Sex Role Inventory
50. Have a great need for arousal
Phenomenological view (personality)
Personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Self-consciousness