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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
Personality
Twin studies
Learned optimism
2. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Lexical approach
Learned optimism
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Alice Eagly
3. Studied Type A personality
Alice Eagly
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Self-monitoring
Henry Murray
4. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Type theory
Abraham Maslow
dispositionist
Authoritarianism
5. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Androgynous
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Idiographic approach
Barnum effect
6. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Learned optimism
Idiographic approach
Raymond Cattell
William Sheldon
7. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
William Sheldon
Gender and depression
Dispositional attribution
8. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Taxonomies
Type A personality
Dispositional attribution
personal constructs
9. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Personality
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Barnum effect
Consistency paradox
10. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Abraham Maslow
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Mesomorph
11. Cognitive prototype approach
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Kay Deaux
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Martin Seligman
12. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Phenomenological view (personality)
Julian Rotter
Bem Sex Role Inventory
William Sheldon
13. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Martin Seligman
Phenomenological view (personality)
Idiographic approach
14. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Learned optimism
Implicit theories (personality)
situationists
Raymond Cattell
15. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Costa and McCrae
Self-esteem
Mirrors
Self-awareness
16. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Self-awareness
External locus of control
interactionists
17. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
personal constructs
Authoritarianism
Raymond Cattell
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
18. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Martin Seligman
Learned helplessness
Type theory
Henry Murray
19. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Type theory
External locus of control
Matina Horner
Hans Eysenck
20. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Gordon Allport
Fundamental attribution error
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Grant Dahlstrom
21. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Consistency paradox
Mirrors
Personality
Nomothetic approach
22. Personality changes little after age 30
Gender and depression
Costa and McCrae
Big Five
Bem Sex Role Inventory
23. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Personality
Phrenology
Consistency paradox
Mesomorph
24. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Sandra Bem
Authoritarianism
Internal locus of control
Nomothetic approach
25. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Seymour Epstein
Costa and McCrae
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
26. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Costa and McCrae
Personality
interactionists
27. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Phenomenological view (personality)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Authoritarianism
Fundamental attribution error
28. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Consistency paradox
interactionists
Self-handicapping
personal constructs
29. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
External locus of control
Costa and McCrae
situationists
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
30. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Personality
Authoritarianism
Self-awareness
31. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
32. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Internal locus of control
Lexical approach
Self-awareness
33. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
interactionists
Authoritarianism
Narcissism
34. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Gordon Allport
Mesomorph
35. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Julian Rotter
dispositionist
Self-consciousness
Proprium or propriate function
36. Have a great need for arousal
Barnum effect
Sandra Bem
dispositionist
Stimulus-seeking individuals
37. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Self-esteem
Sandra Bem
Trait hierarchy
38. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Self-efficacy
Ectomorph
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
39. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
trait
George Kelley
Abraham Maslow
Mirrors
40. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Narcissism
trait
Grant Dahlstrom
Raymond Cattell
41. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Ectomorph
Hans Eysenck
Type theory
Implicit theories (personality)
42. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Barnum effect
Henry Murray
Narcissism
Twin studies
43. External and internal locus of control
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
External locus of control
Barnum effect
Julian Rotter
44. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
dispositionist
Barnum effect
Implicit theories (personality)
Gordon Allport
45. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Trait hierarchy
Type A personality
Self-handicapping
46. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Gender and depression
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Cognitive prototype approach
47. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Martin Seligman
Type A personality
Cognitive prototype approach
trait
48. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Phrenology
trait
Nomothetic approach
Taxonomies
49. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Sandra Bem
Personality tests (2 types)
Fundamental attribution error
Big Five
50. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Cognitive prototype approach
Endomorph
External locus of control
William Sheldon