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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Personality
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Fundamental attribution error
Androgynous
2. Only circumstances determine behavior
Fundamental attribution error
External locus of control
Gender and depression
situationists
3. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Gender and depression
George Kelley
Grant Dahlstrom
4. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Raymond Cattell
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Alice Eagly
Matina Horner
5. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Personality
External locus of control
Raymond Cattell
Idiographic approach
6. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
dispositionist
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Narcissism
Big Five
7. Have a great need for arousal
Lexical approach
Self-efficacy
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Self-esteem
8. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
George Kelley
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
William Sheldon
Gordon Allport
9. Learned helplessness
Gordon Allport
Julian Rotter
Martin Seligman
Costa and McCrae
10. External and internal locus of control
Taxonomies
Henry Murray
Self-efficacy
Julian Rotter
11. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Proprium or propriate function
Trait hierarchy
Gordon Allport
Nomothetic approach
12. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Self-esteem
Consistency paradox
Self-efficacy
13. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Proprium or propriate function
Big Five
Ectomorph
Costa and McCrae
14. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
personal constructs
Internal locus of control
Self-esteem
15. Somatotypes personality theory
William Sheldon
Big Five
Type A personality
Nomothetic approach
16. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Bem Sex Role Inventory
External locus of control
Self-monitoring
Taxonomies
17. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Implicit theories (personality)
Twin studies
Trait hierarchy
18. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Abraham Maslow
Gender and depression
Trait hierarchy
Narcissism
19. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Matina Horner
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Barnum effect
Internal locus of control
20. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
3 personality theories
Consistency paradox
Type A personality
Type theory
21. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Mirrors
Alice Eagly
Self-efficacy
Henry Murray
22. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Raymond Cattell
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Alice Eagly
3 personality theories
23. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Consistency paradox
Self-awareness
Learned optimism
Implicit theories (personality)
24. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Grant Dahlstrom
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Henry Murray
Lexical approach
25. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Phrenology
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
interactionists
Gordon Allport
26. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Seymour Epstein
Personality tests (2 types)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
27. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Mirrors
Barnum effect
Type theory
Phrenology
28. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Gender and depression
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Cognitive prototype approach
3 personality theories
29. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Self-awareness
Kay Deaux
Raymond Cattell
Fundamental attribution error
30. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Androgynous
personal constructs
Kay Deaux
31. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Big Five
Phenomenological view (personality)
Endomorph
32. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Taxonomies
Proprium or propriate function
Matina Horner
Implicit theories (personality)
33. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Internal locus of control
Type A personality
3 personality theories
Costa and McCrae
34. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Learned optimism
Narcissism
Phrenology
Barnum effect
35. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Implicit theories (personality)
interactionists
Hans Eysenck
Type A personality
36. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-awareness
Grant Dahlstrom
Type A personality
Sandra Bem
37. Cognitive prototype approach
Personality tests (2 types)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Internal locus of control
Consistency paradox
38. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
Matina Horner
Hans Eysenck
3 personality theories
39. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Phenomenological view (personality)
Costa and McCrae
Stimulus-seeking individuals
40. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
dispositionist
Learned optimism
Mirrors
Abraham Maslow
41. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Abraham Maslow
Gordon Allport
Ectomorph
Androgynous
42. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Dispositional attribution
Taxonomies
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
43. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
George Kelley
3 personality theories
Idiographic approach
Henry Murray
44. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Kay Deaux
Self-consciousness
Mesomorph
45. Hierarchy of needs
Narcissism
Gordon Allport
Authoritarianism
Abraham Maslow
46. Personality changes little after age 30
Costa and McCrae
Self-monitoring
Narcissism
Self-awareness
47. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
48. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Proprium or propriate function
External locus of control
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Learned helplessness
49. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Type theory
Proprium or propriate function
Type A personality
50. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Phenomenological view (personality)
Self-consciousness
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
dispositionist