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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)






2. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






3. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






4. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






5. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences






6. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience






7. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed






8. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour






9. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph


10. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






11. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






12. Only circumstances determine behavior






13. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced






14. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness






15. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






16. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists






17. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






18. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure






19. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently






20. Belief that one can effectively perform a task






21. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






22. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






23. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics






24. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






25. Hierarchy of needs






26. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self






27. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes






28. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social






29. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive






30. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-






31. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations






32. Personality changes little after age 30






33. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag






34. Have a great need for arousal






35. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person






36. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)






37. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure






38. Possessing both male and female qualities






39. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)






40. Cognitive training against learned helplessness






41. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






42. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






43. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






44. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings






45. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations






46. Cognitive prototype approach






47. Studied Type A personality






48. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations






49. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality






50. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory