SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Learned helplessness
Mirrors
personal constructs
Abraham Maslow
2. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Learned optimism
Mirrors
Lexical approach
personal constructs
3. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
4. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Type theory
Endomorph
George Kelley
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
5. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
William Sheldon
Authoritarianism
Seymour Epstein
6. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Fundamental attribution error
Matina Horner
William Sheldon
3 personality theories
7. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Idiographic approach
Martin Seligman
Consistency paradox
Stimulus-seeking individuals
8. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Gender and depression
Sandra Bem
Authoritarianism
Mesomorph
9. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Narcissism
Grant Dahlstrom
Cognitive prototype approach
Proprium or propriate function
10. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
3 personality theories
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Barnum effect
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
11. Personality changes little after age 30
Costa and McCrae
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
personal constructs
Type A personality
12. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Kay Deaux
Mesomorph
Endomorph
13. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Type theory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-consciousness
Self-monitoring
14. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Taxonomies
Type A personality
William Sheldon
Trait hierarchy
15. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Personality
Dispositional attribution
Type theory
Gordon Allport
16. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Big Five
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
17. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Mirrors
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Self-monitoring
Cognitive prototype approach
18. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Alice Eagly
Personality
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
3 personality theories
19. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Phrenology
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Nomothetic approach
External locus of control
20. External and internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
Personality tests (2 types)
Learned optimism
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
21. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-consciousness
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Raymond Cattell
Phrenology
22. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Learned helplessness
Type theory
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Nomothetic approach
23. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Implicit theories (personality)
Sandra Bem
Gordon Allport
Self-esteem
24. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Trait hierarchy
trait
Abraham Maslow
Phenomenological view (personality)
25. Hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Matina Horner
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
26. Studied Type A personality
Implicit theories (personality)
3 personality theories
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Cognitive prototype approach
27. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Consistency paradox
Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Sandra Bem
28. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Self-consciousness
Fundamental attribution error
External locus of control
Implicit theories (personality)
29. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
William Sheldon
Seymour Epstein
Big Five
30. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Gender and depression
3 personality theories
Stimulus-seeking individuals
31. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Self-consciousness
Nomothetic approach
Lexical approach
William Sheldon
32. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Self-awareness
George Kelley
Self-esteem
Nomothetic approach
33. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Narcissism
Personality tests (2 types)
personal constructs
34. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Personality
Phenomenological view (personality)
Mesomorph
35. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Ectomorph
Dispositional attribution
Consistency paradox
Abraham Maslow
36. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Big Five
External locus of control
Implicit theories (personality)
Authoritarianism
37. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Personality tests (2 types)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
situationists
38. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
dispositionist
Self-handicapping
Twin studies
39. Possessing both male and female qualities
Authoritarianism
Dispositional attribution
Androgynous
Internal locus of control
40. Cognitive prototype approach
Kay Deaux
Phrenology
Sandra Bem
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
41. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Barnum effect
Twin studies
Phrenology
William Sheldon
42. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Seymour Epstein
Endomorph
Phenomenological view (personality)
43. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Fundamental attribution error
Type A personality
Henry Murray
44. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Matina Horner
Type theory
Internal locus of control
Personality
45. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Mirrors
William Sheldon
Twin studies
Taxonomies
46. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
situationists
Taxonomies
Matina Horner
47. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Raymond Cattell
Costa and McCrae
interactionists
48. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-efficacy
Self-handicapping
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
William Sheldon
49. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Self-awareness
Authoritarianism
Phenomenological view (personality)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
50. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Fundamental attribution error
Raymond Cattell
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Consistency paradox