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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Seymour Epstein
interactionists
trait
2. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Type A personality
Ectomorph
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
3. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Idiographic approach
Matina Horner
External locus of control
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
4. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Ectomorph
Gordon Allport
Gender and depression
Implicit theories (personality)
5. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Trait hierarchy
Kay Deaux
Implicit theories (personality)
Self-handicapping
6. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Kay Deaux
Cognitive prototype approach
Learned helplessness
7. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Mesomorph
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Endomorph
Alice Eagly
8. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
Type A personality
Cognitive prototype approach
Endomorph
9. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Phrenology
Ectomorph
Barnum effect
Androgynous
10. Only circumstances determine behavior
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
situationists
11. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Self-monitoring
Self-consciousness
External locus of control
Internal locus of control
12. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
trait
Kay Deaux
Nomothetic approach
Cognitive prototype approach
13. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Mirrors
Hans Eysenck
External locus of control
Grant Dahlstrom
14. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Sandra Bem
Learned optimism
Idiographic approach
Henry Murray
15. Cognitive prototype approach
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Nomothetic approach
Phenomenological view (personality)
Abraham Maslow
16. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Sandra Bem
situationists
William Sheldon
Self-awareness
17. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Taxonomies
William Sheldon
Martin Seligman
Raymond Cattell
18. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Big Five
Julian Rotter
Fundamental attribution error
Self-consciousness
19. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
William Sheldon
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Twin studies
Hans Eysenck
20. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
interactionists
Self-handicapping
Dispositional attribution
21. External and internal locus of control
Raymond Cattell
Taxonomies
Julian Rotter
trait
22. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Internal locus of control
Fundamental attribution error
Self-efficacy
23. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Lexical approach
personal constructs
Self-awareness
24. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Phenomenological view (personality)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Raymond Cattell
Nomothetic approach
25. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Narcissism
Learned optimism
George Kelley
Self-efficacy
26. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Mesomorph
Idiographic approach
Hans Eysenck
Learned helplessness
27. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Trait hierarchy
Nomothetic approach
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Mirrors
28. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Androgynous
Personality
Internal locus of control
George Kelley
29. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Grant Dahlstrom
George Kelley
Mirrors
Endomorph
30. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Nomothetic approach
Henry Murray
Twin studies
dispositionist
31. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Mirrors
External locus of control
trait
32. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Kay Deaux
Type A personality
Learned helplessness
33. Learned helplessness
personal constructs
Costa and McCrae
Martin Seligman
Self-esteem
34. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Lexical approach
Implicit theories (personality)
Taxonomies
Authoritarianism
35. Possessing both male and female qualities
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Androgynous
Personality
Self-awareness
36. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Seymour Epstein
Self-monitoring
Matina Horner
George Kelley
37. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Costa and McCrae
William Sheldon
Cognitive prototype approach
3 personality theories
38. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Alice Eagly
Consistency paradox
Authoritarianism
39. Studied Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
dispositionist
Raymond Cattell
Implicit theories (personality)
40. Have a great need for arousal
Twin studies
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
trait
Stimulus-seeking individuals
41. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Implicit theories (personality)
Self-handicapping
Gordon Allport
Barnum effect
42. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Personality tests (2 types)
Henry Murray
Gordon Allport
Narcissism
43. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Self-monitoring
Personality
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
interactionists
44. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-monitoring
William Sheldon
Grant Dahlstrom
45. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Costa and McCrae
Taxonomies
Seymour Epstein
Type theory
46. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Personality
Fundamental attribution error
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Consistency paradox
47. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Gordon Allport
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Grant Dahlstrom
48. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Type theory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Matina Horner
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
49. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Type A personality
Internal locus of control
Fundamental attribution error
Learned helplessness
50. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Nomothetic approach
Implicit theories (personality)
Dispositional attribution
Gender and depression