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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






2. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition






3. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






4. Cognitive prototype approach






5. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts






6. Critical of personality trait theory






7. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior






8. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality






9. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






10. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences






11. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour






12. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






13. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality






14. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics






15. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






16. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






17. Possessing both male and female qualities






18. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings






19. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations






20. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






21. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations






22. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality






23. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual






24. Belief that one can effectively perform a task






25. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive






26. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary






27. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






28. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






29. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem






30. External and internal locus of control






31. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






32. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced






33. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person






34. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






35. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically






36. Studied Type A personality






37. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social






38. Learned helplessness






39. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)






40. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag






41. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists






42. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






43. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






44. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)






45. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






46. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-






47. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






48. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






49. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self






50. Somatotypes personality theory