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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Idiographic approach
Endomorph
Personality tests (2 types)
Phrenology
2. Hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Proprium or propriate function
Twin studies
interactionists
3. Studied Type A personality
Hans Eysenck
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Grant Dahlstrom
Phrenology
4. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Proprium or propriate function
Mesomorph
Gender and depression
Self-monitoring
5. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Authoritarianism
Lexical approach
Self-awareness
Type theory
6. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Martin Seligman
Alice Eagly
Matina Horner
Nomothetic approach
7. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Twin studies
Self-consciousness
8. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Seymour Epstein
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
9. External and internal locus of control
Idiographic approach
Mirrors
Self-monitoring
Julian Rotter
10. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Fundamental attribution error
Phrenology
Gordon Allport
Henry Murray
11. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Phrenology
interactionists
Self-awareness
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
12. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Phrenology
Type theory
Type A personality
3 personality theories
13. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein
Julian Rotter
Mirrors
14. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Barnum effect
Proprium or propriate function
Type theory
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
15. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Self-esteem
Ectomorph
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Implicit theories (personality)
16. Critical of personality trait theory
Dispositional attribution
Gender and depression
situationists
Seymour Epstein
17. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
personal constructs
Taxonomies
Kay Deaux
18. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Self-monitoring
Matina Horner
Type A personality
Self-esteem
19. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Phenomenological view (personality)
Self-efficacy
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Big Five
20. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Kay Deaux
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Type theory
21. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Ectomorph
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Julian Rotter
22. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Twin studies
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
23. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Nomothetic approach
Androgynous
Gender and depression
Lexical approach
24. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Learned optimism
Dispositional attribution
Trait hierarchy
Stimulus-seeking individuals
25. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Trait hierarchy
Raymond Cattell
dispositionist
Gordon Allport
26. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Idiographic approach
3 personality theories
Matina Horner
Raymond Cattell
27. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Self-efficacy
Learned helplessness
Type A personality
personal constructs
28. Only circumstances determine behavior
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
situationists
interactionists
Self-esteem
29. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Abraham Maslow
Learned helplessness
Self-handicapping
Seymour Epstein
30. Cognitive prototype approach
Ectomorph
Seymour Epstein
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Self-consciousness
31. Somatotypes personality theory
Abraham Maslow
Cognitive prototype approach
William Sheldon
Androgynous
32. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Idiographic approach
Phenomenological view (personality)
personal constructs
dispositionist
33. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Hans Eysenck
Phenomenological view (personality)
Martin Seligman
Authoritarianism
34. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Mesomorph
Nomothetic approach
Sandra Bem
Abraham Maslow
35. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
interactionists
Mirrors
Self-efficacy
Internal locus of control
36. Have a great need for arousal
Stimulus-seeking individuals
William Sheldon
Hans Eysenck
Idiographic approach
37. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Androgynous
Hans Eysenck
Learned optimism
trait
38. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Personality tests (2 types)
dispositionist
Costa and McCrae
Idiographic approach
39. Personality changes little after age 30
Learned optimism
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Costa and McCrae
Gordon Allport
40. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Ectomorph
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Cognitive prototype approach
Personality tests (2 types)
41. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-esteem
Self-consciousness
Costa and McCrae
Bem Sex Role Inventory
42. Learned helplessness
Endomorph
Twin studies
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Martin Seligman
43. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Self-efficacy
Sandra Bem
Self-awareness
Bem Sex Role Inventory
44. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Matina Horner
Gordon Allport
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
45. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
dispositionist
Type A personality
Personality tests (2 types)
46. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Twin studies
Authoritarianism
Personality
Proprium or propriate function
47. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Gender and depression
dispositionist
Gordon Allport
Self-monitoring
48. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
49. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Internal locus of control
Mirrors
50. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
George Kelley
3 personality theories
Trait hierarchy
Type theory