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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
3 personality theories
Endomorph
Dispositional attribution
Androgynous
2. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Martin Seligman
Endomorph
Mesomorph
Consistency paradox
3. Critical of personality trait theory
Julian Rotter
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Seymour Epstein
4. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Nomothetic approach
Narcissism
Idiographic approach
Barnum effect
5. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Trait hierarchy
Learned helplessness
Nomothetic approach
Barnum effect
6. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Personality
External locus of control
Phenomenological view (personality)
Self-consciousness
7. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
dispositionist
Nomothetic approach
Grant Dahlstrom
Martin Seligman
8. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
9. Possessing both male and female qualities
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Twin studies
Androgynous
Raymond Cattell
10. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Nomothetic approach
Phrenology
Gender and depression
Self-consciousness
11. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Twin studies
William Sheldon
Gordon Allport
Self-efficacy
12. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Mesomorph
trait
Cognitive prototype approach
External locus of control
13. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Learned helplessness
interactionists
Self-handicapping
External locus of control
14. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
Barnum effect
Androgynous
Raymond Cattell
15. Somatotypes personality theory
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
interactionists
William Sheldon
Consistency paradox
16. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Abraham Maslow
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
Big Five
17. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Self-handicapping
Trait hierarchy
Raymond Cattell
Type A personality
18. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Barnum effect
Consistency paradox
Dispositional attribution
External locus of control
19. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Fundamental attribution error
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
20. Studied Type A personality
Type A personality
Learned optimism
External locus of control
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
21. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Martin Seligman
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-esteem
Narcissism
22. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Martin Seligman
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
3 personality theories
23. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
dispositionist
3 personality theories
Henry Murray
Dispositional attribution
24. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Narcissism
Implicit theories (personality)
Ectomorph
Self-efficacy
25. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
trait
Lexical approach
Alice Eagly
Proprium or propriate function
26. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
personal constructs
Personality
Cognitive prototype approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
27. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Raymond Cattell
Ectomorph
Self-monitoring
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
28. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Martin Seligman
Endomorph
Narcissism
External locus of control
29. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Abraham Maslow
Sandra Bem
George Kelley
Hans Eysenck
30. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Ectomorph
Mirrors
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-handicapping
31. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
interactionists
Consistency paradox
Julian Rotter
Hans Eysenck
32. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Authoritarianism
Gordon Allport
personal constructs
Taxonomies
33. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Internal locus of control
Fundamental attribution error
Mirrors
Endomorph
34. External and internal locus of control
Trait hierarchy
Julian Rotter
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Fundamental attribution error
35. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Costa and McCrae
Self-monitoring
Hans Eysenck
Big Five
36. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Endomorph
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Lexical approach
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
37. Cognitive prototype approach
Grant Dahlstrom
Julian Rotter
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Self-esteem
38. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
personal constructs
Seymour Epstein
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
39. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Phenomenological view (personality)
Personality tests (2 types)
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
40. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Phrenology
Self-consciousness
Narcissism
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
41. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Phenomenological view (personality)
Fundamental attribution error
Personality tests (2 types)
Self-monitoring
42. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Cognitive prototype approach
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Ectomorph
Grant Dahlstrom
43. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Personality
Self-handicapping
Phenomenological view (personality)
Learned optimism
44. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Hans Eysenck
Personality tests (2 types)
Idiographic approach
Cognitive prototype approach
45. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Authoritarianism
Self-consciousness
Learned optimism
Dispositional attribution
46. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Matina Horner
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Idiographic approach
47. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Type theory
Big Five
Kay Deaux
Personality
48. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Fundamental attribution error
Alice Eagly
Matina Horner
Kay Deaux
49. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Proprium or propriate function
Alice Eagly
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
50. Hierarchy of needs
Cognitive prototype approach
Abraham Maslow
Authoritarianism
George Kelley