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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism






2. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics






3. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






4. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist






5. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph


6. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






7. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






8. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






9. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






10. Cognitive prototype approach






11. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)






12. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






13. Possessing both male and female qualities






14. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality






15. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






16. Somatotypes personality theory






17. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






18. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations






19. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






20. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts






21. Cognitive training against learned helplessness






22. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag






23. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






24. Hierarchy of needs






25. Have a great need for arousal






26. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists






27. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






28. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations






29. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes






30. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem






31. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social






32. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






33. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically






34. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences






35. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality






36. Critical of personality trait theory






37. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






38. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual






39. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour






40. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness






41. External and internal locus of control






42. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations






43. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings






44. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced






45. Personality changes little after age 30






46. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure






47. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-






48. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person






49. Studied Type A personality






50. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox