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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Hans Eysenck
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Learned helplessness
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
2. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Learned optimism
Idiographic approach
Taxonomies
Consistency paradox
3. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
dispositionist
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Gordon Allport
4. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Self-esteem
Dispositional attribution
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Big Five
5. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
6. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Alice Eagly
Internal locus of control
Fundamental attribution error
Self-monitoring
7. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Learned optimism
Big Five
Hans Eysenck
Type A personality
8. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Learned optimism
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Trait hierarchy
Proprium or propriate function
9. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Gordon Allport
Mirrors
Personality tests (2 types)
Abraham Maslow
10. Cognitive prototype approach
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-handicapping
personal constructs
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
11. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
interactionists
Idiographic approach
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Matina Horner
12. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Implicit theories (personality)
Henry Murray
Kay Deaux
George Kelley
13. Possessing both male and female qualities
Alice Eagly
Nomothetic approach
Internal locus of control
Androgynous
14. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
3 personality theories
Mesomorph
Gender and depression
Taxonomies
15. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
trait
dispositionist
Twin studies
Consistency paradox
16. Somatotypes personality theory
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Raymond Cattell
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
William Sheldon
17. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-awareness
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-handicapping
Grant Dahlstrom
18. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Mesomorph
Sandra Bem
William Sheldon
interactionists
19. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Trait hierarchy
Dispositional attribution
Self-consciousness
Learned helplessness
20. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Idiographic approach
Self-efficacy
Seymour Epstein
Bem Sex Role Inventory
21. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Learned optimism
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Self-esteem
22. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Cognitive prototype approach
Ectomorph
Henry Murray
Big Five
23. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Phrenology
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Julian Rotter
Personality
24. Hierarchy of needs
Mirrors
Abraham Maslow
Matina Horner
Twin studies
25. Have a great need for arousal
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Abraham Maslow
Endomorph
Dispositional attribution
26. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
3 personality theories
Consistency paradox
Gordon Allport
Self-efficacy
27. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
interactionists
William Sheldon
Type theory
Twin studies
28. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
situationists
Barnum effect
Kay Deaux
Fundamental attribution error
29. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Type theory
Dispositional attribution
Grant Dahlstrom
situationists
30. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Narcissism
Twin studies
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Internal locus of control
31. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Fundamental attribution error
Abraham Maslow
Endomorph
External locus of control
32. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Fundamental attribution error
Proprium or propriate function
Authoritarianism
Ectomorph
33. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Self-esteem
Consistency paradox
3 personality theories
Personality tests (2 types)
34. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Self-consciousness
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Phenomenological view (personality)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
35. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Phrenology
Androgynous
Authoritarianism
36. Critical of personality trait theory
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Seymour Epstein
Endomorph
Martin Seligman
37. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Endomorph
trait
Costa and McCrae
Sandra Bem
38. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Hans Eysenck
Mirrors
Ectomorph
39. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Nomothetic approach
George Kelley
Twin studies
Cognitive prototype approach
40. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
External locus of control
Sandra Bem
Hans Eysenck
Self-consciousness
41. External and internal locus of control
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
trait
External locus of control
Julian Rotter
42. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Martin Seligman
Hans Eysenck
External locus of control
personal constructs
43. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Self-efficacy
Self-monitoring
Big Five
Gender and depression
44. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Self-consciousness
Endomorph
Alice Eagly
External locus of control
45. Personality changes little after age 30
Proprium or propriate function
Matina Horner
Costa and McCrae
Self-awareness
46. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Mirrors
Authoritarianism
Learned optimism
Internal locus of control
47. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Grant Dahlstrom
Taxonomies
Sandra Bem
48. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Grant Dahlstrom
Implicit theories (personality)
Lexical approach
Barnum effect
49. Studied Type A personality
Type theory
Martin Seligman
Grant Dahlstrom
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
50. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Nomothetic approach
Dispositional attribution
Grant Dahlstrom