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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Learned optimism
Sandra Bem
Androgynous
Gender and depression
2. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Matina Horner
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-awareness
3 personality theories
3. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Trait hierarchy
Phenomenological view (personality)
External locus of control
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
4. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Henry Murray
External locus of control
Mesomorph
Self-monitoring
5. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Matina Horner
Ectomorph
Learned helplessness
Authoritarianism
6. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Barnum effect
Self-esteem
Implicit theories (personality)
Taxonomies
7. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
George Kelley
Endomorph
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Gordon Allport
8. Studied Type A personality
Twin studies
Trait hierarchy
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Consistency paradox
9. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Abraham Maslow
trait
Self-efficacy
10. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Idiographic approach
Androgynous
Seymour Epstein
Mirrors
11. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-consciousness
interactionists
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
12. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Personality
Costa and McCrae
Self-monitoring
Dispositional attribution
13. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Personality tests (2 types)
Consistency paradox
Raymond Cattell
Henry Murray
14. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Martin Seligman
Cognitive prototype approach
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Alice Eagly
15. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Alice Eagly
Internal locus of control
Learned optimism
Hans Eysenck
16. Only circumstances determine behavior
Twin studies
Personality tests (2 types)
situationists
Nomothetic approach
17. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Kay Deaux
Costa and McCrae
Self-handicapping
William Sheldon
18. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Gender and depression
Martin Seligman
Trait hierarchy
Taxonomies
19. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Cognitive prototype approach
Proprium or propriate function
Martin Seligman
20. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Mirrors
Bem Sex Role Inventory
personal constructs
21. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Grant Dahlstrom
Learned helplessness
Self-consciousness
Self-awareness
22. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
External locus of control
Seymour Epstein
Narcissism
Grant Dahlstrom
23. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Fundamental attribution error
Type theory
Alice Eagly
Martin Seligman
24. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Narcissism
External locus of control
Henry Murray
Big Five
25. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Authoritarianism
George Kelley
Fundamental attribution error
26. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Barnum effect
Henry Murray
Gordon Allport
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
27. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Personality
Learned helplessness
Seymour Epstein
Twin studies
28. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Twin studies
Self-monitoring
Sandra Bem
Self-handicapping
29. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
trait
Personality tests (2 types)
Self-efficacy
Seymour Epstein
30. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Phenomenological view (personality)
Gender and depression
Seymour Epstein
Gordon Allport
31. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Mirrors
Martin Seligman
32. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Martin Seligman
Endomorph
Twin studies
33. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Henry Murray
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Type A personality
Proprium or propriate function
34. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Nomothetic approach
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Hans Eysenck
35. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Sandra Bem
Personality tests (2 types)
dispositionist
Type A personality
36. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Seymour Epstein
Consistency paradox
Androgynous
3 personality theories
37. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Ectomorph
Implicit theories (personality)
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
38. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Mirrors
Matina Horner
Gordon Allport
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
39. Cognitive prototype approach
Self-handicapping
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Bem Sex Role Inventory
40. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Mirrors
Type A personality
41. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Proprium or propriate function
Narcissism
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Seymour Epstein
42. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Narcissism
Type A personality
Phenomenological view (personality)
Consistency paradox
43. Somatotypes personality theory
Learned helplessness
Costa and McCrae
Learned optimism
William Sheldon
44. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Idiographic approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Nomothetic approach
45. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Proprium or propriate function
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Androgynous
Big Five
46. Learned helplessness
Barnum effect
Authoritarianism
Martin Seligman
Bem Sex Role Inventory
47. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Consistency paradox
Self-handicapping
Lexical approach
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
48. Have a great need for arousal
Kay Deaux
Barnum effect
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Trait hierarchy
49. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Self-esteem
Internal locus of control
Kay Deaux
Taxonomies
50. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Grant Dahlstrom
Lexical approach
Hans Eysenck
Mesomorph