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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
trait
Fundamental attribution error
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Julian Rotter
2. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Costa and McCrae
interactionists
Trait hierarchy
3. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Type A personality
Hans Eysenck
Self-monitoring
Internal locus of control
4. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-consciousness
Cognitive prototype approach
interactionists
Type A personality
5. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Personality tests (2 types)
Type A personality
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-monitoring
6. Somatotypes personality theory
Seymour Epstein
interactionists
Gordon Allport
William Sheldon
7. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
George Kelley
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Mesomorph
Alice Eagly
8. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Personality
dispositionist
Martin Seligman
External locus of control
9. Learned helplessness
Grant Dahlstrom
Taxonomies
Martin Seligman
Mesomorph
10. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Nomothetic approach
Implicit theories (personality)
Julian Rotter
Mirrors
11. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Costa and McCrae
Twin studies
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
12. Critical of personality trait theory
Seymour Epstein
Nomothetic approach
Learned optimism
Type theory
13. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Self-esteem
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Julian Rotter
Idiographic approach
14. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Endomorph
Learned optimism
Alice Eagly
Phenomenological view (personality)
15. Cognitive prototype approach
Julian Rotter
Grant Dahlstrom
Endomorph
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
16. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Lexical approach
personal constructs
Authoritarianism
Costa and McCrae
17. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Mesomorph
Phrenology
Endomorph
Twin studies
18. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Mesomorph
Type A personality
Self-awareness
Lexical approach
19. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Personality tests (2 types)
Type theory
Matina Horner
Mirrors
20. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
George Kelley
Endomorph
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Learned helplessness
21. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Mirrors
Sandra Bem
Barnum effect
22. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Hans Eysenck
Dispositional attribution
Henry Murray
Twin studies
23. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Type theory
Matina Horner
Self-awareness
Phenomenological view (personality)
24. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Costa and McCrae
Grant Dahlstrom
Twin studies
Henry Murray
25. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Henry Murray
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Cognitive prototype approach
Raymond Cattell
26. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
Nomothetic approach
personal constructs
Barnum effect
27. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Lexical approach
Idiographic approach
External locus of control
28. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Consistency paradox
Ectomorph
Self-esteem
Henry Murray
29. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Self-monitoring
Julian Rotter
Self-efficacy
Type A personality
30. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Self-monitoring
Dispositional attribution
Type theory
William Sheldon
31. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Personality
Gordon Allport
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Self-monitoring
32. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Self-handicapping
Implicit theories (personality)
Self-efficacy
Gender and depression
33. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Internal locus of control
Alice Eagly
Nomothetic approach
Personality tests (2 types)
34. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Henry Murray
Narcissism
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Gender and depression
35. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Nomothetic approach
George Kelley
Grant Dahlstrom
Taxonomies
36. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Matina Horner
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Kay Deaux
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
37. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Learned helplessness
Proprium or propriate function
Internal locus of control
William Sheldon
38. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
George Kelley
Nomothetic approach
Twin studies
External locus of control
39. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Big Five
Internal locus of control
Self-monitoring
Learned helplessness
40. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
William Sheldon
Kay Deaux
Narcissism
Type A personality
41. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Personality
Personality tests (2 types)
Hans Eysenck
Sandra Bem
42. Personality changes little after age 30
Taxonomies
personal constructs
Costa and McCrae
Ectomorph
43. Hierarchy of needs
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Endomorph
Abraham Maslow
Phrenology
44. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Consistency paradox
Learned helplessness
Big Five
45. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Fundamental attribution error
Type theory
Endomorph
Personality
46. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Phenomenological view (personality)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
3 personality theories
47. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Internal locus of control
Consistency paradox
3 personality theories
Twin studies
48. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Consistency paradox
Self-awareness
Gordon Allport
Cognitive prototype approach
49. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Ectomorph
Proprium or propriate function
Idiographic approach
Mirrors
50. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Self-consciousness
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Trait hierarchy
George Kelley