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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition






2. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person






3. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






4. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






5. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences






6. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






7. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-






8. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






9. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations






10. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour






11. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






12. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive






13. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes






14. Possessing both male and female qualities






15. External and internal locus of control






16. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






17. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






18. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






19. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts






20. Hierarchy of needs






21. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph


22. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






23. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






24. Belief that one can effectively perform a task






25. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self






26. Cognitive prototype approach






27. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist






28. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists






29. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






30. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






31. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations






32. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






33. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






34. Cognitive training against learned helplessness






35. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality






36. Somatotypes personality theory






37. Only circumstances determine behavior






38. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism






39. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






40. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience






41. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem






42. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently






43. Learned helplessness






44. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics






45. Have a great need for arousal






46. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)






47. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically






48. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure






49. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag






50. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)