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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Implicit theories (personality)
Learned optimism
Abraham Maslow
Dispositional attribution
2. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
3 personality theories
Costa and McCrae
Raymond Cattell
Bem Sex Role Inventory
3. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Hans Eysenck
Taxonomies
4. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
5. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Self-esteem
Consistency paradox
personal constructs
6. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Endomorph
Fundamental attribution error
Mirrors
interactionists
7. Have a great need for arousal
Abraham Maslow
Learned optimism
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Self-consciousness
8. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
George Kelley
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Mesomorph
trait
9. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Implicit theories (personality)
Twin studies
Androgynous
Alice Eagly
10. Studied Type A personality
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Trait hierarchy
Raymond Cattell
11. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Nomothetic approach
External locus of control
Twin studies
Learned helplessness
12. Somatotypes personality theory
Self-handicapping
Mirrors
William Sheldon
Bem Sex Role Inventory
13. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Self-handicapping
Implicit theories (personality)
Barnum effect
Grant Dahlstrom
14. Personality changes little after age 30
trait
Phrenology
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Costa and McCrae
15. External and internal locus of control
Learned optimism
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Julian Rotter
16. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
William Sheldon
Implicit theories (personality)
Type theory
Self-handicapping
17. Only circumstances determine behavior
Hans Eysenck
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
situationists
External locus of control
18. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
William Sheldon
Self-esteem
Grant Dahlstrom
Henry Murray
19. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Hans Eysenck
Self-efficacy
Consistency paradox
Mesomorph
20. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Mirrors
Internal locus of control
Narcissism
Dispositional attribution
21. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Learned helplessness
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Implicit theories (personality)
22. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Idiographic approach
Type theory
Gender and depression
Taxonomies
23. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Fundamental attribution error
Lexical approach
Type theory
24. Learned helplessness
Sandra Bem
Personality tests (2 types)
Martin Seligman
Implicit theories (personality)
25. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Personality tests (2 types)
Alice Eagly
Mirrors
Self-monitoring
26. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Alice Eagly
Trait hierarchy
William Sheldon
3 personality theories
27. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Self-esteem
Gordon Allport
William Sheldon
Fundamental attribution error
28. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Gender and depression
Authoritarianism
Henry Murray
External locus of control
29. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Fundamental attribution error
Big Five
Self-esteem
Hans Eysenck
30. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Dispositional attribution
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Ectomorph
Internal locus of control
31. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Phenomenological view (personality)
Barnum effect
Seymour Epstein
Idiographic approach
32. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Taxonomies
Dispositional attribution
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Martin Seligman
33. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Seymour Epstein
Trait hierarchy
Consistency paradox
Sandra Bem
34. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Alice Eagly
George Kelley
Androgynous
35. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Trait hierarchy
interactionists
Gender and depression
George Kelley
36. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Matina Horner
personal constructs
Type A personality
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
37. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Kay Deaux
Learned helplessness
Self-consciousness
Self-efficacy
38. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Seymour Epstein
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Cognitive prototype approach
39. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Self-esteem
interactionists
Idiographic approach
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
40. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Fundamental attribution error
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Personality
Gender and depression
41. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Fundamental attribution error
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Sandra Bem
Costa and McCrae
42. Critical of personality trait theory
Seymour Epstein
Proprium or propriate function
Endomorph
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
43. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Self-handicapping
Proprium or propriate function
Big Five
Bem Sex Role Inventory
44. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Phrenology
Costa and McCrae
Taxonomies
situationists
45. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Grant Dahlstrom
personal constructs
Kay Deaux
Twin studies
46. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Self-esteem
personal constructs
Learned optimism
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
47. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Trait hierarchy
Seymour Epstein
Fundamental attribution error
Endomorph
48. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Matina Horner
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
trait
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
49. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Nomothetic approach
Trait hierarchy
Grant Dahlstrom
Lexical approach
50. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Hans Eysenck
Type theory
Alice Eagly