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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer
50
questions in
15 minutes
.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Nomothetic approach
Phrenology
Ectomorph
William Sheldon
2. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Mirrors
Implicit theories (personality)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
3. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Phenomenological view (personality)
Learned optimism
trait
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
4. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Consistency paradox
Phrenology
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
5. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Abraham Maslow
Hans Eysenck
Fundamental attribution error
Self-esteem
6. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Mirrors
Cognitive prototype approach
Twin studies
Big Five
7. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
3 personality theories
Kay Deaux
Taxonomies
dispositionist
8. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
personal constructs
Gordon Allport
Androgynous
Henry Murray
9. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Hans Eysenck
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-consciousness
Endomorph
10. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Phenomenological view (personality)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
3 personality theories
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
11. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Nomothetic approach
Proprium or propriate function
Costa and McCrae
12. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Nomothetic approach
Type theory
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Costa and McCrae
13. Personality changes little after age 30
Phenomenological view (personality)
Self-monitoring
George Kelley
Costa and McCrae
14. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Matina Horner
Henry Murray
Self-esteem
George Kelley
15. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
3 personality theories
External locus of control
Idiographic approach
Barnum effect
16. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Henry Murray
personal constructs
Lexical approach
Self-efficacy
17. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Ectomorph
Type A personality
Self-efficacy
situationists
18. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Big Five
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Internal locus of control
19. Cognitive prototype approach
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Lexical approach
Martin Seligman
Gender and depression
20. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Narcissism
External locus of control
Personality tests (2 types)
Authoritarianism
21. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
dispositionist
Type A personality
Mirrors
22. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Implicit theories (personality)
Alice Eagly
Gender and depression
Lexical approach
23. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
George Kelley
3 personality theories
Authoritarianism
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
24. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Nomothetic approach
External locus of control
3 personality theories
William Sheldon
25. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Internal locus of control
Matina Horner
Authoritarianism
Alice Eagly
26. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Kay Deaux
Alice Eagly
dispositionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
27. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Lexical approach
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Sandra Bem
Phrenology
28. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Abraham Maslow
Self-awareness
Learned helplessness
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
29. External and internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
Martin Seligman
Ectomorph
Barnum effect
30. Studied Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Self-handicapping
Authoritarianism
Cognitive prototype approach
31. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Sandra Bem
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-monitoring
Costa and McCrae
32. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Personality tests (2 types)
Big Five
Gender and depression
Julian Rotter
33. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Matina Horner
Phenomenological view (personality)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
34. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-consciousness
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
35. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Mesomorph
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
interactionists
36. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Personality tests (2 types)
Learned optimism
Hans Eysenck
37. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
trait
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Self-awareness
George Kelley
38. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Kay Deaux
Learned optimism
Type A personality
Personality
39. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Proprium or propriate function
Consistency paradox
Gordon Allport
Costa and McCrae
40. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Phrenology
Mirrors
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Henry Murray
41. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Narcissism
Fundamental attribution error
42. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
External locus of control
Seymour Epstein
Grant Dahlstrom
Proprium or propriate function
43. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Type theory
Barnum effect
Bem Sex Role Inventory
44. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Costa and McCrae
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Fundamental attribution error
Twin studies
45. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Idiographic approach
situationists
Nomothetic approach
Taxonomies
46. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
47. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Authoritarianism
Bem Sex Role Inventory
situationists
Cognitive prototype approach
48. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Type theory
Self-handicapping
Learned optimism
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
49. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Dispositional attribution
William Sheldon
Gordon Allport
personal constructs
50. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Dispositional attribution
Mirrors
William Sheldon
trait