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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Internal locus of control
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Phrenology
2. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Authoritarianism
Gender and depression
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Twin studies
3. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Kay Deaux
Hans Eysenck
Raymond Cattell
4. Hierarchy of needs
Julian Rotter
Abraham Maslow
Type A personality
Androgynous
5. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Lexical approach
Sandra Bem
Phenomenological view (personality)
Twin studies
6. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Dispositional attribution
Consistency paradox
Personality tests (2 types)
Cognitive prototype approach
7. Studied Type A personality
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Costa and McCrae
8. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Lexical approach
dispositionist
9. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
External locus of control
Gordon Allport
Self-handicapping
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
10. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
3 personality theories
Trait hierarchy
Seymour Epstein
Taxonomies
11. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Kay Deaux
Matina Horner
Learned optimism
Type theory
12. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Androgynous
Personality tests (2 types)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Ectomorph
13. Somatotypes personality theory
Self-monitoring
Phenomenological view (personality)
William Sheldon
Learned helplessness
14. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Trait hierarchy
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Seymour Epstein
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
15. Have a great need for arousal
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-consciousness
Type A personality
16. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
3 personality theories
interactionists
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
17. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
trait
George Kelley
Proprium or propriate function
Dispositional attribution
18. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Phrenology
trait
Phenomenological view (personality)
Type theory
19. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Hans Eysenck
Learned helplessness
Barnum effect
Internal locus of control
20. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
personal constructs
Personality tests (2 types)
21. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Alice Eagly
3 personality theories
Trait hierarchy
Personality
22. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Sandra Bem
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Alice Eagly
Proprium or propriate function
23. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Alice Eagly
Phenomenological view (personality)
Barnum effect
Nomothetic approach
24. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Phrenology
Kay Deaux
Bem Sex Role Inventory
25. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Nomothetic approach
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Julian Rotter
26. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Proprium or propriate function
Costa and McCrae
Idiographic approach
Self-esteem
27. Learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
Androgynous
Dispositional attribution
Endomorph
28. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Big Five
Matina Horner
Self-efficacy
Abraham Maslow
29. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
situationists
Phenomenological view (personality)
Nomothetic approach
trait
30. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Barnum effect
Self-awareness
Cognitive prototype approach
Mesomorph
31. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Grant Dahlstrom
Hans Eysenck
Gender and depression
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
32. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Phrenology
Type A personality
Kay Deaux
3 personality theories
33. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Costa and McCrae
Learned optimism
Idiographic approach
Raymond Cattell
34. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-handicapping
Kay Deaux
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
3 personality theories
35. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Alice Eagly
Big Five
Lexical approach
36. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
Hans Eysenck
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Costa and McCrae
37. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Internal locus of control
Bem Sex Role Inventory
38. Cognitive prototype approach
Proprium or propriate function
Barnum effect
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Bem Sex Role Inventory
39. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Henry Murray
Sandra Bem
Self-monitoring
40. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
trait
Phenomenological view (personality)
Type theory
Androgynous
41. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Proprium or propriate function
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Personality tests (2 types)
Androgynous
42. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
43. Possessing both male and female qualities
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Androgynous
Seymour Epstein
Martin Seligman
44. Critical of personality trait theory
Self-esteem
Implicit theories (personality)
Seymour Epstein
Mirrors
45. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Type theory
Idiographic approach
46. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Phenomenological view (personality)
Big Five
Hans Eysenck
Abraham Maslow
47. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Narcissism
Self-efficacy
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Matina Horner
48. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Narcissism
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Learned optimism
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
49. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
personal constructs
Idiographic approach
Gender and depression
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
50. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Self-consciousness
Martin Seligman
Trait hierarchy
Self-handicapping