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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
personal constructs
dispositionist
Kay Deaux
Narcissism
2. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Cognitive prototype approach
Kay Deaux
Henry Murray
3. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Self-efficacy
Dispositional attribution
Alice Eagly
4. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Trait hierarchy
Endomorph
Idiographic approach
5. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Barnum effect
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Alice Eagly
Matina Horner
6. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Phrenology
Twin studies
7. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
8. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Nomothetic approach
Dispositional attribution
Taxonomies
trait
9. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Consistency paradox
Idiographic approach
Lexical approach
10. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Raymond Cattell
Big Five
Sandra Bem
Ectomorph
11. Have a great need for arousal
Mesomorph
Narcissism
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Taxonomies
12. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Learned optimism
Cognitive prototype approach
Barnum effect
Endomorph
13. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Self-monitoring
Kay Deaux
Learned helplessness
Grant Dahlstrom
14. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Self-monitoring
Phrenology
Abraham Maslow
Twin studies
15. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Self-monitoring
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-consciousness
Stimulus-seeking individuals
16. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Costa and McCrae
Type theory
situationists
Hans Eysenck
17. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Self-handicapping
Gordon Allport
Dispositional attribution
Kay Deaux
18. External and internal locus of control
Gordon Allport
Internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
Lexical approach
19. Somatotypes personality theory
William Sheldon
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Mesomorph
Gordon Allport
20. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Alice Eagly
Self-efficacy
interactionists
Learned optimism
21. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Personality tests (2 types)
Self-consciousness
3 personality theories
Phrenology
22. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
External locus of control
Bem Sex Role Inventory
3 personality theories
Nomothetic approach
23. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Trait hierarchy
Type A personality
Self-awareness
Learned optimism
24. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Internal locus of control
Kay Deaux
Phenomenological view (personality)
Alice Eagly
25. Personality changes little after age 30
Costa and McCrae
Big Five
Ectomorph
Henry Murray
26. Studied Type A personality
William Sheldon
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Barnum effect
Androgynous
27. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Personality tests (2 types)
Grant Dahlstrom
Self-monitoring
Idiographic approach
28. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Learned optimism
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
trait
29. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Kay Deaux
Type theory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
dispositionist
30. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Self-esteem
31. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Learned optimism
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
32. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Implicit theories (personality)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Learned optimism
External locus of control
33. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Lexical approach
situationists
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
George Kelley
34. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Implicit theories (personality)
Taxonomies
Lexical approach
Kay Deaux
35. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Seymour Epstein
3 personality theories
Type theory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
36. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Idiographic approach
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-awareness
Matina Horner
37. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Costa and McCrae
3 personality theories
interactionists
Implicit theories (personality)
38. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Proprium or propriate function
Twin studies
Dispositional attribution
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
39. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Grant Dahlstrom
personal constructs
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Personality
40. Cognitive prototype approach
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Narcissism
Henry Murray
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
41. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Ectomorph
situationists
Nomothetic approach
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
42. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Nomothetic approach
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Costa and McCrae
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
43. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
George Kelley
Twin studies
trait
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
44. Learned helplessness
Seymour Epstein
Taxonomies
Phrenology
Martin Seligman
45. Critical of personality trait theory
Seymour Epstein
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-consciousness
Big Five
46. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
personal constructs
Seymour Epstein
Self-awareness
Matina Horner
47. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-handicapping
Gender and depression
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Mesomorph
48. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Proprium or propriate function
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Cognitive prototype approach
Learned helplessness
49. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Self-handicapping
Lexical approach
Seymour Epstein
50. Possessing both male and female qualities
Type A personality
Endomorph
Self-efficacy
Androgynous
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