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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Learned helplessness
Personality tests (2 types)
Implicit theories (personality)
Matina Horner
2. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Taxonomies
Mirrors
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Mesomorph
3. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Type A personality
William Sheldon
Lexical approach
Self-awareness
4. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Personality
Costa and McCrae
Type theory
Phrenology
5. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Ectomorph
Raymond Cattell
External locus of control
Type theory
6. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Type theory
Big Five
Self-consciousness
7. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Personality
Kay Deaux
William Sheldon
Gender and depression
8. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Fundamental attribution error
Taxonomies
Abraham Maslow
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
9. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Personality tests (2 types)
dispositionist
Phenomenological view (personality)
Twin studies
10. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Julian Rotter
George Kelley
Narcissism
Self-efficacy
11. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
interactionists
Gender and depression
Learned helplessness
Mirrors
12. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Type A personality
Costa and McCrae
Taxonomies
Barnum effect
13. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Implicit theories (personality)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
trait
Mirrors
14. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Raymond Cattell
Ectomorph
Internal locus of control
Phenomenological view (personality)
15. Possessing both male and female qualities
Consistency paradox
Julian Rotter
Androgynous
Twin studies
16. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Nomothetic approach
Self-awareness
Learned optimism
Martin Seligman
17. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Idiographic approach
Sandra Bem
interactionists
Julian Rotter
18. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Idiographic approach
Gordon Allport
Proprium or propriate function
Phenomenological view (personality)
19. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Twin studies
Mesomorph
Self-monitoring
Abraham Maslow
20. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Lexical approach
Abraham Maslow
Hans Eysenck
21. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Costa and McCrae
External locus of control
Consistency paradox
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
22. Somatotypes personality theory
William Sheldon
George Kelley
dispositionist
Mesomorph
23. External and internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
Hans Eysenck
Mesomorph
Henry Murray
24. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
George Kelley
Proprium or propriate function
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Stimulus-seeking individuals
25. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Barnum effect
Alice Eagly
Self-handicapping
26. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
3 personality theories
Self-efficacy
Lexical approach
Type theory
27. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Dispositional attribution
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Cognitive prototype approach
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
28. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Trait hierarchy
George Kelley
Implicit theories (personality)
Matina Horner
29. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Kay Deaux
Phenomenological view (personality)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Nomothetic approach
30. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Phenomenological view (personality)
Self-efficacy
Barnum effect
Matina Horner
31. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Learned optimism
External locus of control
Kay Deaux
Alice Eagly
32. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-handicapping
Sandra Bem
Narcissism
Dispositional attribution
33. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Type A personality
Dispositional attribution
34. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Gordon Allport
Taxonomies
Mesomorph
George Kelley
35. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
36. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Grant Dahlstrom
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Learned helplessness
Personality
37. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Nomothetic approach
Self-monitoring
Phenomenological view (personality)
Ectomorph
38. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Consistency paradox
Grant Dahlstrom
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
3 personality theories
39. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Type A personality
Personality tests (2 types)
Grant Dahlstrom
Abraham Maslow
40. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Self-consciousness
Kay Deaux
Hans Eysenck
41. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Alice Eagly
Fundamental attribution error
Martin Seligman
42. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Mirrors
Dispositional attribution
personal constructs
Abraham Maslow
43. Critical of personality trait theory
Self-esteem
Seymour Epstein
Cognitive prototype approach
Type A personality
44. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Mesomorph
Lexical approach
Implicit theories (personality)
External locus of control
45. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Fundamental attribution error
Type theory
Authoritarianism
Bem Sex Role Inventory
46. Learned helplessness
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Martin Seligman
Trait hierarchy
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
47. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Grant Dahlstrom
Type A personality
Fundamental attribution error
Personality
48. Have a great need for arousal
Big Five
Personality
Barnum effect
Stimulus-seeking individuals
49. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Mirrors
Costa and McCrae
George Kelley
Raymond Cattell
50. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Endomorph
interactionists
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Hans Eysenck