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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. External and internal locus of control
Implicit theories (personality)
Julian Rotter
Gordon Allport
Stimulus-seeking individuals
2. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Big Five
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Phrenology
3 personality theories
3. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Trait hierarchy
trait
Self-monitoring
Big Five
4. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-consciousness
dispositionist
Dispositional attribution
5. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Fundamental attribution error
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Type theory
Learned helplessness
6. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Seymour Epstein
Nomothetic approach
Lexical approach
interactionists
7. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Internal locus of control
Mesomorph
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Lexical approach
8. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Narcissism
Alice Eagly
William Sheldon
trait
9. Somatotypes personality theory
Twin studies
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
William Sheldon
Self-monitoring
10. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Type A personality
William Sheldon
Ectomorph
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
11. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Endomorph
Big Five
Type A personality
Learned helplessness
12. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Ectomorph
Self-awareness
Hans Eysenck
trait
13. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Mirrors
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Internal locus of control
14. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Learned helplessness
Implicit theories (personality)
trait
Personality
15. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-handicapping
Phenomenological view (personality)
Martin Seligman
Learned helplessness
16. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Seymour Epstein
Consistency paradox
Martin Seligman
Mesomorph
17. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Martin Seligman
Taxonomies
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
dispositionist
18. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Proprium or propriate function
Alice Eagly
Julian Rotter
19. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Personality tests (2 types)
Alice Eagly
Dispositional attribution
Phrenology
20. Critical of personality trait theory
Self-monitoring
situationists
Gordon Allport
Seymour Epstein
21. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Lexical approach
Hans Eysenck
Learned optimism
22. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
Dispositional attribution
Lexical approach
Hans Eysenck
23. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Grant Dahlstrom
Sandra Bem
Lexical approach
Proprium or propriate function
24. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
William Sheldon
Gordon Allport
Androgynous
Trait hierarchy
25. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Big Five
Implicit theories (personality)
Self-awareness
Mesomorph
26. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Self-handicapping
Cognitive prototype approach
Authoritarianism
Idiographic approach
27. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Personality
Raymond Cattell
Self-esteem
28. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
William Sheldon
Twin studies
Martin Seligman
29. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Authoritarianism
Self-handicapping
Matina Horner
Hans Eysenck
30. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
3 personality theories
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Endomorph
31. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
interactionists
Phrenology
Internal locus of control
Alice Eagly
32. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Idiographic approach
Self-monitoring
Consistency paradox
Big Five
33. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Costa and McCrae
Fundamental attribution error
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Sandra Bem
34. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
situationists
interactionists
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Nomothetic approach
35. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
External locus of control
Gender and depression
Internal locus of control
36. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Self-awareness
Phenomenological view (personality)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
37. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
38. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Authoritarianism
3 personality theories
Big Five
personal constructs
39. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Gender and depression
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Authoritarianism
Bem Sex Role Inventory
40. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Fundamental attribution error
Authoritarianism
interactionists
Trait hierarchy
41. Possessing both male and female qualities
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Phrenology
Androgynous
Endomorph
42. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Ectomorph
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Type theory
Type A personality
43. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Twin studies
Type theory
Big Five
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
44. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
William Sheldon
interactionists
Self-esteem
Authoritarianism
45. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Henry Murray
Authoritarianism
3 personality theories
Narcissism
46. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
personal constructs
Authoritarianism
Self-monitoring
47. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
situationists
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Type A personality
Type theory
48. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Julian Rotter
Barnum effect
Gordon Allport
49. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-esteem
Cognitive prototype approach
Idiographic approach
Self-awareness
50. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Self-handicapping
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Julian Rotter
Learned optimism