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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Authoritarianism
Taxonomies
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Gender and depression
2. External and internal locus of control
Ectomorph
Raymond Cattell
Julian Rotter
Stimulus-seeking individuals
3. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Implicit theories (personality)
Costa and McCrae
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Martin Seligman
4. Learned helplessness
personal constructs
Ectomorph
Martin Seligman
Cognitive prototype approach
5. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
3 personality theories
Type theory
situationists
Personality
6. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-efficacy
Ectomorph
Dispositional attribution
7. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Mirrors
trait
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Ectomorph
8. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
3 personality theories
Fundamental attribution error
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Self-efficacy
9. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Big Five
Self-handicapping
trait
Gordon Allport
10. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Raymond Cattell
Big Five
Taxonomies
11. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Self-monitoring
Phenomenological view (personality)
External locus of control
Alice Eagly
12. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Implicit theories (personality)
Hans Eysenck
Gordon Allport
3 personality theories
13. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Hans Eysenck
trait
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Implicit theories (personality)
14. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-awareness
Twin studies
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
15. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Seymour Epstein
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Narcissism
Trait hierarchy
16. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
interactionists
William Sheldon
Sandra Bem
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
17. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
3 personality theories
situationists
Self-efficacy
Mirrors
18. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Self-consciousness
Taxonomies
3 personality theories
Phrenology
19. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
Proprium or propriate function
Kay Deaux
Big Five
20. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
George Kelley
Martin Seligman
Idiographic approach
Androgynous
21. Cognitive prototype approach
Big Five
Idiographic approach
William Sheldon
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
22. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Dispositional attribution
Type A personality
Self-consciousness
Gender and depression
23. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
personal constructs
Mesomorph
Kay Deaux
Personality tests (2 types)
24. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
Proprium or propriate function
Type A personality
Abraham Maslow
25. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Matina Horner
Learned helplessness
Gender and depression
Androgynous
26. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
27. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Self-efficacy
Kay Deaux
Trait hierarchy
William Sheldon
28. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
George Kelley
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Julian Rotter
29. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
George Kelley
Mesomorph
William Sheldon
dispositionist
30. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Consistency paradox
External locus of control
Twin studies
Internal locus of control
31. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Authoritarianism
Type theory
personal constructs
Gender and depression
32. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Learned optimism
Self-handicapping
interactionists
Phenomenological view (personality)
33. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Self-handicapping
Barnum effect
Fundamental attribution error
34. Personality changes little after age 30
Alice Eagly
Costa and McCrae
Fundamental attribution error
Gordon Allport
35. Only circumstances determine behavior
Gender and depression
Taxonomies
situationists
Sandra Bem
36. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Personality tests (2 types)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Nomothetic approach
Self-efficacy
37. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Mesomorph
Type A personality
Self-awareness
38. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Authoritarianism
Narcissism
Self-monitoring
Barnum effect
39. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Mesomorph
trait
Type theory
Matina Horner
40. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Mesomorph
Taxonomies
trait
Sandra Bem
41. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Martin Seligman
Authoritarianism
George Kelley
Alice Eagly
42. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
Barnum effect
Self-monitoring
Henry Murray
43. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Hans Eysenck
External locus of control
Self-esteem
Type theory
44. Somatotypes personality theory
Learned optimism
William Sheldon
Type theory
Endomorph
45. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Proprium or propriate function
Implicit theories (personality)
Cognitive prototype approach
46. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Self-monitoring
Learned helplessness
Proprium or propriate function
Consistency paradox
47. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Endomorph
Grant Dahlstrom
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Alice Eagly
48. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Implicit theories (personality)
Costa and McCrae
Authoritarianism
situationists
49. Critical of personality trait theory
interactionists
Seymour Epstein
Gordon Allport
Self-awareness
50. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
External locus of control
Personality tests (2 types)
Nomothetic approach
Personality