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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Seymour Epstein
Idiographic approach
Self-handicapping
Lexical approach
2. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Type theory
Learned optimism
Self-consciousness
3. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Self-awareness
External locus of control
Hans Eysenck
situationists
4. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Gordon Allport
trait
Seymour Epstein
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
5. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Androgynous
Alice Eagly
Gender and depression
Sandra Bem
6. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Grant Dahlstrom
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Twin studies
Matina Horner
7. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Personality
dispositionist
Idiographic approach
George Kelley
8. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Type A personality
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
Androgynous
9. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Barnum effect
Sandra Bem
Twin studies
Kay Deaux
10. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
11. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Androgynous
Big Five
Alice Eagly
Ectomorph
12. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
George Kelley
Sandra Bem
Big Five
personal constructs
13. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-awareness
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Julian Rotter
Internal locus of control
14. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Ectomorph
William Sheldon
Alice Eagly
Seymour Epstein
15. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Alice Eagly
Endomorph
Dispositional attribution
Type theory
16. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Grant Dahlstrom
Internal locus of control
Alice Eagly
Cognitive prototype approach
17. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Big Five
Authoritarianism
Implicit theories (personality)
Fundamental attribution error
18. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Kay Deaux
Costa and McCrae
Self-handicapping
19. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Grant Dahlstrom
Taxonomies
3 personality theories
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
20. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
George Kelley
Learned helplessness
Lexical approach
personal constructs
21. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Consistency paradox
Julian Rotter
Gender and depression
Gordon Allport
22. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Mirrors
Authoritarianism
Twin studies
Dispositional attribution
23. Personality changes little after age 30
Raymond Cattell
Narcissism
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Costa and McCrae
24. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Personality tests (2 types)
Martin Seligman
Phenomenological view (personality)
trait
25. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Learned helplessness
Internal locus of control
Personality
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
26. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Trait hierarchy
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Kay Deaux
Mesomorph
27. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Endomorph
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Personality
Self-awareness
28. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Nomothetic approach
Mirrors
Self-awareness
29. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Narcissism
Learned helplessness
Self-efficacy
Type A personality
30. Somatotypes personality theory
interactionists
Lexical approach
William Sheldon
personal constructs
31. Hierarchy of needs
Taxonomies
Abraham Maslow
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Self-handicapping
32. Have a great need for arousal
Grant Dahlstrom
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Gordon Allport
Internal locus of control
33. Critical of personality trait theory
Mirrors
Matina Horner
Seymour Epstein
Learned optimism
34. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Mesomorph
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Grant Dahlstrom
Endomorph
35. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Phrenology
Sandra Bem
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
situationists
36. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Abraham Maslow
Phenomenological view (personality)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Alice Eagly
37. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Endomorph
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
George Kelley
Taxonomies
38. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-handicapping
Narcissism
Gender and depression
Julian Rotter
39. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Kay Deaux
Gender and depression
Self-consciousness
Androgynous
40. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Ectomorph
Learned optimism
Taxonomies
Fundamental attribution error
41. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Kay Deaux
Cognitive prototype approach
Gordon Allport
Internal locus of control
42. Possessing both male and female qualities
3 personality theories
Gordon Allport
Mirrors
Androgynous
43. Studied Type A personality
Dispositional attribution
Mesomorph
Cognitive prototype approach
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
44. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Idiographic approach
Endomorph
External locus of control
45. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Self-monitoring
Fundamental attribution error
Endomorph
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
46. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Grant Dahlstrom
Type theory
Lexical approach
Sandra Bem
47. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Mesomorph
Ectomorph
Grant Dahlstrom
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
48. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
personal constructs
Implicit theories (personality)
situationists
Learned optimism
49. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Type A personality
Personality tests (2 types)
Raymond Cattell
Bem Sex Role Inventory
50. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Learned optimism
Twin studies
Martin Seligman
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)