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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Narcissism
Personality tests (2 types)
interactionists
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
2. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Nomothetic approach
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-awareness
3. Personality changes little after age 30
Self-esteem
Phenomenological view (personality)
Costa and McCrae
Julian Rotter
4. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Phrenology
Hans Eysenck
personal constructs
Seymour Epstein
5. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-handicapping
interactionists
Self-consciousness
George Kelley
6. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
7. Have a great need for arousal
Sandra Bem
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Mirrors
Trait hierarchy
8. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Henry Murray
interactionists
Matina Horner
9. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Kay Deaux
Sandra Bem
Type theory
Twin studies
10. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Seymour Epstein
External locus of control
Grant Dahlstrom
Raymond Cattell
11. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Self-handicapping
Julian Rotter
Self-awareness
Hans Eysenck
12. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Big Five
Fundamental attribution error
Phrenology
Cognitive prototype approach
13. Cognitive prototype approach
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Gordon Allport
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-monitoring
14. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Mirrors
Cognitive prototype approach
Type A personality
Grant Dahlstrom
15. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Alice Eagly
trait
Hans Eysenck
16. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Personality tests (2 types)
Type A personality
Androgynous
Fundamental attribution error
17. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Type theory
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Kay Deaux
Mesomorph
18. Critical of personality trait theory
Mirrors
Seymour Epstein
Abraham Maslow
interactionists
19. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Type A personality
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Personality tests (2 types)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
20. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Twin studies
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Abraham Maslow
21. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Endomorph
Kay Deaux
personal constructs
Grant Dahlstrom
22. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Grant Dahlstrom
Self-awareness
Self-handicapping
Personality tests (2 types)
23. External and internal locus of control
Mesomorph
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Julian Rotter
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
24. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
trait
Dispositional attribution
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
3 personality theories
25. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Trait hierarchy
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Sandra Bem
Fundamental attribution error
26. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Trait hierarchy
Self-handicapping
Self-esteem
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
27. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Alice Eagly
Proprium or propriate function
Self-monitoring
Personality
28. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Twin studies
Lexical approach
Gender and depression
Matina Horner
29. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
3 personality theories
Gender and depression
Nomothetic approach
30. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Authoritarianism
Learned helplessness
George Kelley
31. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
personal constructs
32. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Authoritarianism
Trait hierarchy
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Learned optimism
33. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Personality
Narcissism
situationists
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
34. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Androgynous
Self-esteem
Implicit theories (personality)
Julian Rotter
35. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Matina Horner
Hans Eysenck
Authoritarianism
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
36. Learned helplessness
trait
Martin Seligman
Type theory
Alice Eagly
37. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Learned optimism
Ectomorph
Kay Deaux
Learned helplessness
38. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Seymour Epstein
Narcissism
Ectomorph
39. Hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Self-awareness
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Consistency paradox
40. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Phenomenological view (personality)
Mesomorph
Idiographic approach
Self-monitoring
41. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
trait
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-efficacy
personal constructs
42. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-monitoring
Seymour Epstein
Learned helplessness
43. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Personality tests (2 types)
Implicit theories (personality)
Learned helplessness
44. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Type theory
trait
Alice Eagly
Twin studies
45. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Raymond Cattell
Endomorph
Idiographic approach
personal constructs
46. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Gordon Allport
Gender and depression
Implicit theories (personality)
William Sheldon
47. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Taxonomies
Idiographic approach
Type theory
Martin Seligman
48. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Hans Eysenck
Gordon Allport
Proprium or propriate function
personal constructs
49. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Matina Horner
Personality
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Mesomorph
50. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Proprium or propriate function
Consistency paradox
Ectomorph
Implicit theories (personality)
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