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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Personality tests (2 types)
Androgynous
Grant Dahlstrom
Dispositional attribution
2. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Hans Eysenck
Sandra Bem
Henry Murray
Dispositional attribution
3. Learned helplessness
Kay Deaux
Martin Seligman
Cognitive prototype approach
personal constructs
4. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
interactionists
Taxonomies
Idiographic approach
personal constructs
5. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
interactionists
Big Five
Sandra Bem
3 personality theories
6. Cognitive prototype approach
Barnum effect
Costa and McCrae
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
7. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Learned optimism
Alice Eagly
Implicit theories (personality)
8. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
3 personality theories
Trait hierarchy
Mesomorph
dispositionist
9. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Self-handicapping
dispositionist
Type A personality
interactionists
10. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Trait hierarchy
Hans Eysenck
Proprium or propriate function
Barnum effect
11. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-awareness
Internal locus of control
Twin studies
12. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Type theory
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Twin studies
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
13. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-handicapping
Matina Horner
Gender and depression
14. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Costa and McCrae
Nomothetic approach
Proprium or propriate function
15. Critical of personality trait theory
Seymour Epstein
Hans Eysenck
Narcissism
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
16. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Self-esteem
Matina Horner
Implicit theories (personality)
Dispositional attribution
17. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Alice Eagly
Idiographic approach
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
interactionists
18. Personality changes little after age 30
Twin studies
Cognitive prototype approach
Costa and McCrae
Sandra Bem
19. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
20. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Gordon Allport
Ectomorph
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Type theory
21. Somatotypes personality theory
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
interactionists
William Sheldon
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
22. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Kay Deaux
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
23. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Barnum effect
Proprium or propriate function
Androgynous
Nomothetic approach
24. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Hans Eysenck
Internal locus of control
Self-handicapping
Dispositional attribution
25. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Julian Rotter
Grant Dahlstrom
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Gender and depression
26. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Taxonomies
personal constructs
interactionists
Nomothetic approach
27. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Cognitive prototype approach
situationists
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Phrenology
28. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
situationists
Androgynous
Type A personality
29. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Endomorph
interactionists
Learned helplessness
trait
30. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Learned optimism
Nomothetic approach
Endomorph
Personality tests (2 types)
31. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Endomorph
Self-awareness
Mirrors
Henry Murray
32. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Nomothetic approach
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-consciousness
Abraham Maslow
33. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Phrenology
Gordon Allport
Henry Murray
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
34. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Gender and depression
Raymond Cattell
35. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Self-handicapping
Self-esteem
Narcissism
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
36. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Self-esteem
Implicit theories (personality)
External locus of control
Phrenology
37. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Mirrors
Twin studies
Bem Sex Role Inventory
George Kelley
38. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Learned optimism
Type theory
Authoritarianism
3 personality theories
39. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
3 personality theories
Lexical approach
Self-awareness
Ectomorph
40. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
George Kelley
Self-awareness
Henry Murray
Internal locus of control
41. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Learned helplessness
Ectomorph
Self-consciousness
Self-monitoring
42. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Authoritarianism
Phenomenological view (personality)
Raymond Cattell
Julian Rotter
43. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Alice Eagly
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Type theory
Ectomorph
44. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Henry Murray
Julian Rotter
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Matina Horner
45. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Twin studies
Hans Eysenck
Trait hierarchy
Fundamental attribution error
46. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Type A personality
Alice Eagly
Twin studies
Hans Eysenck
47. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Ectomorph
Consistency paradox
Self-monitoring
Endomorph
48. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Grant Dahlstrom
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Twin studies
49. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Mirrors
Ectomorph
Idiographic approach
3 personality theories
50. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Self-monitoring
Seymour Epstein
Androgynous
Hans Eysenck