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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
3 personality theories
Proprium or propriate function
Lexical approach
Twin studies
2. Somatotypes personality theory
Henry Murray
Learned optimism
William Sheldon
Self-handicapping
3. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Self-awareness
Julian Rotter
Martin Seligman
4. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Personality tests (2 types)
Endomorph
Phenomenological view (personality)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
5. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
William Sheldon
Internal locus of control
Consistency paradox
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
6. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Personality tests (2 types)
dispositionist
Lexical approach
Seymour Epstein
7. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Matina Horner
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Kay Deaux
Costa and McCrae
8. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Learned helplessness
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Gender and depression
9. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Implicit theories (personality)
dispositionist
trait
Dispositional attribution
10. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Type theory
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-consciousness
Fundamental attribution error
11. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
situationists
Personality
Alice Eagly
Hans Eysenck
12. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
trait
Implicit theories (personality)
William Sheldon
Self-monitoring
13. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
14. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
personal constructs
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Julian Rotter
Matina Horner
15. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Henry Murray
Taxonomies
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Bem Sex Role Inventory
16. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Seymour Epstein
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
3 personality theories
Self-esteem
17. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Matina Horner
Raymond Cattell
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-esteem
18. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Twin studies
Lexical approach
Big Five
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
19. Only circumstances determine behavior
Consistency paradox
situationists
Gender and depression
Martin Seligman
20. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Personality tests (2 types)
Grant Dahlstrom
Type A personality
Abraham Maslow
21. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Martin Seligman
Proprium or propriate function
Nomothetic approach
Learned helplessness
22. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Androgynous
Phrenology
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Julian Rotter
23. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
interactionists
Twin studies
Seymour Epstein
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
24. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Trait hierarchy
Cognitive prototype approach
Ectomorph
25. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Learned optimism
Internal locus of control
Trait hierarchy
dispositionist
26. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Taxonomies
Learned helplessness
Lexical approach
Personality
27. Hierarchy of needs
Seymour Epstein
Big Five
Kay Deaux
Abraham Maslow
28. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Personality tests (2 types)
Authoritarianism
Fundamental attribution error
Type theory
29. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Hans Eysenck
Grant Dahlstrom
Type theory
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
30. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
George Kelley
personal constructs
Self-efficacy
Ectomorph
31. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
trait
Personality tests (2 types)
Raymond Cattell
Trait hierarchy
32. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Trait hierarchy
Taxonomies
Self-handicapping
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
33. Have a great need for arousal
Henry Murray
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Fundamental attribution error
Taxonomies
34. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Phenomenological view (personality)
Matina Horner
Cognitive prototype approach
Nomothetic approach
35. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
External locus of control
Learned helplessness
Barnum effect
Implicit theories (personality)
36. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Androgynous
Henry Murray
Internal locus of control
Mesomorph
37. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Sandra Bem
Learned optimism
Barnum effect
Self-awareness
38. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Nomothetic approach
Androgynous
Learned helplessness
Gordon Allport
39. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
situationists
Authoritarianism
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Grant Dahlstrom
40. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Personality tests (2 types)
Personality
personal constructs
41. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Ectomorph
Stimulus-seeking individuals
trait
Sandra Bem
42. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Proprium or propriate function
personal constructs
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Phenomenological view (personality)
43. Critical of personality trait theory
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Twin studies
Seymour Epstein
interactionists
44. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Taxonomies
Ectomorph
William Sheldon
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
45. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Personality tests (2 types)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Implicit theories (personality)
Mesomorph
46. Studied Type A personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Self-awareness
Mesomorph
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
47. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Twin studies
Raymond Cattell
interactionists
External locus of control
48. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-consciousness
Fundamental attribution error
Matina Horner
interactionists
49. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Abraham Maslow
Type theory
Self-awareness
Taxonomies
50. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Alice Eagly
dispositionist
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor