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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Taxonomies
Ectomorph
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
2. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Endomorph
personal constructs
Consistency paradox
Self-efficacy
3. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Self-monitoring
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-awareness
Implicit theories (personality)
4. Critical of personality trait theory
Seymour Epstein
Implicit theories (personality)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Phrenology
5. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Proprium or propriate function
Self-esteem
Androgynous
Alice Eagly
6. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Seymour Epstein
Self-awareness
Fundamental attribution error
Gordon Allport
7. Cognitive prototype approach
Kay Deaux
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-awareness
8. Learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
Self-awareness
Learned optimism
Idiographic approach
9. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Proprium or propriate function
personal constructs
Grant Dahlstrom
George Kelley
10. Have a great need for arousal
Gordon Allport
Idiographic approach
Androgynous
Stimulus-seeking individuals
11. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Implicit theories (personality)
personal constructs
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Phenomenological view (personality)
12. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Julian Rotter
Authoritarianism
Proprium or propriate function
Dispositional attribution
13. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Kay Deaux
Alice Eagly
Seymour Epstein
Self-handicapping
14. Only circumstances determine behavior
Self-efficacy
3 personality theories
situationists
Abraham Maslow
15. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Julian Rotter
Proprium or propriate function
Self-awareness
Type theory
16. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Lexical approach
Gender and depression
Authoritarianism
Abraham Maslow
17. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Androgynous
Self-consciousness
trait
Self-awareness
18. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Personality tests (2 types)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Martin Seligman
Grant Dahlstrom
19. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Henry Murray
interactionists
trait
Hans Eysenck
20. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-handicapping
Martin Seligman
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
21. Personality changes little after age 30
Self-consciousness
George Kelley
Endomorph
Costa and McCrae
22. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Type A personality
Trait hierarchy
Self-awareness
Phrenology
23. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Matina Horner
Mirrors
Dispositional attribution
Ectomorph
24. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Mesomorph
Self-awareness
Abraham Maslow
Matina Horner
25. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Mesomorph
Raymond Cattell
Sandra Bem
Seymour Epstein
26. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Julian Rotter
personal constructs
Learned helplessness
Authoritarianism
27. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Phrenology
Self-efficacy
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Type theory
28. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Consistency paradox
Endomorph
Internal locus of control
29. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Internal locus of control
Self-awareness
Dispositional attribution
Sandra Bem
30. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Cognitive prototype approach
Learned optimism
Bem Sex Role Inventory
31. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Learned helplessness
dispositionist
Type A personality
Internal locus of control
32. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Consistency paradox
Authoritarianism
personal constructs
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
33. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Seymour Epstein
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Martin Seligman
Fundamental attribution error
34. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Raymond Cattell
Phrenology
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
35. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
dispositionist
Phrenology
Raymond Cattell
Sandra Bem
36. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Kay Deaux
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Phenomenological view (personality)
37. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Self-awareness
Mirrors
Cognitive prototype approach
Authoritarianism
38. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Dispositional attribution
Self-consciousness
Gordon Allport
Learned optimism
39. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Type A personality
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
3 personality theories
40. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Idiographic approach
Big Five
dispositionist
Raymond Cattell
41. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Sandra Bem
Self-efficacy
Self-monitoring
42. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
interactionists
Implicit theories (personality)
Big Five
William Sheldon
43. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Big Five
Julian Rotter
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Nomothetic approach
44. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Authoritarianism
Internal locus of control
Dispositional attribution
situationists
45. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Personality tests (2 types)
Learned helplessness
Internal locus of control
Narcissism
46. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Type theory
Self-consciousness
Learned optimism
3 personality theories
47. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Twin studies
Grant Dahlstrom
Narcissism
Type A personality
48. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
George Kelley
Hans Eysenck
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
49. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Endomorph
George Kelley
Alice Eagly
Personality
50. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Self-awareness
Idiographic approach
Mirrors
Self-monitoring