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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Critical of personality trait theory
Self-efficacy
External locus of control
Learned helplessness
Seymour Epstein
2. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Endomorph
Self-awareness
Abraham Maslow
Lexical approach
3. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Self-consciousness
Lexical approach
Idiographic approach
Endomorph
4. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Self-consciousness
Type A personality
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Idiographic approach
5. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
3 personality theories
Self-consciousness
Hans Eysenck
Self-monitoring
6. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
situationists
dispositionist
Type A personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
7. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
3 personality theories
Hans Eysenck
William Sheldon
Stimulus-seeking individuals
8. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Ectomorph
Phenomenological view (personality)
Trait hierarchy
9. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-monitoring
Henry Murray
Internal locus of control
Twin studies
10. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Type theory
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
interactionists
11. Personality changes little after age 30
Big Five
Hans Eysenck
Costa and McCrae
Twin studies
12. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Personality
Hans Eysenck
Cognitive prototype approach
Type theory
13. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
External locus of control
personal constructs
Learned optimism
Dispositional attribution
14. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Dispositional attribution
Nomothetic approach
Trait hierarchy
Hans Eysenck
15. Have a great need for arousal
Endomorph
Mesomorph
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Twin studies
16. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Twin studies
External locus of control
Lexical approach
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
17. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Androgynous
trait
Abraham Maslow
Type theory
18. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Learned helplessness
Personality tests (2 types)
Authoritarianism
Self-esteem
19. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Androgynous
Endomorph
Dispositional attribution
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
20. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
21. Only circumstances determine behavior
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
personal constructs
situationists
22. External and internal locus of control
Alice Eagly
Idiographic approach
situationists
Julian Rotter
23. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Gordon Allport
Ectomorph
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
24. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Alice Eagly
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Martin Seligman
Authoritarianism
25. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Learned optimism
Internal locus of control
Abraham Maslow
Consistency paradox
26. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
William Sheldon
dispositionist
27. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
trait
Hans Eysenck
Twin studies
Abraham Maslow
28. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Alice Eagly
Consistency paradox
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Personality tests (2 types)
29. Somatotypes personality theory
Idiographic approach
Fundamental attribution error
Consistency paradox
William Sheldon
30. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Implicit theories (personality)
Seymour Epstein
Hans Eysenck
Raymond Cattell
31. Hierarchy of needs
Hans Eysenck
Abraham Maslow
Sandra Bem
Raymond Cattell
32. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
interactionists
Fundamental attribution error
William Sheldon
33. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Self-consciousness
Cognitive prototype approach
Gender and depression
Personality tests (2 types)
34. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Type theory
Barnum effect
Authoritarianism
Kay Deaux
35. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Grant Dahlstrom
External locus of control
George Kelley
Learned optimism
36. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
William Sheldon
Twin studies
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Nomothetic approach
37. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
External locus of control
Learned optimism
dispositionist
Cognitive prototype approach
38. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-efficacy
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Endomorph
39. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Androgynous
Phrenology
Mesomorph
Personality tests (2 types)
40. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Androgynous
Mesomorph
Proprium or propriate function
41. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Mirrors
Internal locus of control
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Proprium or propriate function
42. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Learned helplessness
interactionists
Matina Horner
Dispositional attribution
43. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Learned optimism
Phenomenological view (personality)
Ectomorph
Gordon Allport
44. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
trait
Proprium or propriate function
Abraham Maslow
Phrenology
45. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Grant Dahlstrom
Big Five
Internal locus of control
Kay Deaux
46. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Implicit theories (personality)
Gender and depression
trait
47. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Proprium or propriate function
Phenomenological view (personality)
Kay Deaux
48. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Hans Eysenck
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
49. Cognitive prototype approach
Ectomorph
interactionists
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Fundamental attribution error
50. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Twin studies
Narcissism
Sandra Bem
trait