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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Critical of personality trait theory






2. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






3. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social






4. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






5. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






6. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men






7. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists






8. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences






9. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)






10. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts






11. Personality changes little after age 30






12. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently






13. Cognitive training against learned helplessness






14. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality






15. Have a great need for arousal






16. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary






17. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes






18. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically






19. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






20. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph


21. Only circumstances determine behavior






22. External and internal locus of control






23. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






24. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced






25. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition






26. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






27. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






28. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist






29. Somatotypes personality theory






30. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire






31. Hierarchy of needs






32. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






33. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed






34. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations






35. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness






36. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






37. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior






38. Belief that one can effectively perform a task






39. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)






40. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive






41. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience






42. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism






43. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






44. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality






45. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






46. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person






47. Possessing both male and female qualities






48. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag






49. Cognitive prototype approach






50. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact