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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Narcissism
Gordon Allport
Fundamental attribution error
Grant Dahlstrom
2. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Learned helplessness
Barnum effect
trait
Henry Murray
3. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Raymond Cattell
Internal locus of control
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Personality tests (2 types)
4. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Mirrors
Big Five
trait
Trait hierarchy
5. Have a great need for arousal
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Mesomorph
Learned helplessness
6. Only circumstances determine behavior
Martin Seligman
Learned optimism
Dispositional attribution
situationists
7. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
interactionists
dispositionist
Martin Seligman
trait
8. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Alice Eagly
Grant Dahlstrom
Matina Horner
William Sheldon
9. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Gender and depression
Personality
Martin Seligman
Cognitive prototype approach
10. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Idiographic approach
Costa and McCrae
Twin studies
3 personality theories
11. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Androgynous
Sandra Bem
Matina Horner
Bem Sex Role Inventory
12. Studied Type A personality
Ectomorph
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Big Five
13. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-consciousness
interactionists
Endomorph
Raymond Cattell
14. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
interactionists
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Learned optimism
15. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Authoritarianism
Kay Deaux
Personality tests (2 types)
Self-awareness
16. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Grant Dahlstrom
Twin studies
Self-monitoring
17. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
3 personality theories
Learned optimism
Endomorph
trait
18. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Raymond Cattell
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Narcissism
Idiographic approach
19. Learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
Type A personality
Idiographic approach
Stimulus-seeking individuals
20. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
Idiographic approach
Costa and McCrae
External locus of control
21. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Twin studies
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Abraham Maslow
Trait hierarchy
22. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Costa and McCrae
Raymond Cattell
Endomorph
Big Five
23. Personality changes little after age 30
Big Five
Trait hierarchy
Henry Murray
Costa and McCrae
24. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Personality tests (2 types)
Internal locus of control
George Kelley
Type theory
25. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Barnum effect
Narcissism
Matina Horner
Alice Eagly
26. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Martin Seligman
Phenomenological view (personality)
situationists
Dispositional attribution
27. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Nomothetic approach
Learned helplessness
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-handicapping
28. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
interactionists
Big Five
Julian Rotter
Costa and McCrae
29. Critical of personality trait theory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Taxonomies
Seymour Epstein
30. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Personality tests (2 types)
Gender and depression
Type A personality
Phrenology
31. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Gordon Allport
Fundamental attribution error
Ectomorph
Personality tests (2 types)
32. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Self-handicapping
3 personality theories
Sandra Bem
Julian Rotter
33. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Gender and depression
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Seymour Epstein
34. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Androgynous
Cognitive prototype approach
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
35. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Proprium or propriate function
Abraham Maslow
Sandra Bem
Nomothetic approach
36. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
Big Five
Phrenology
Dispositional attribution
37. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Gender and depression
Internal locus of control
Phrenology
Learned optimism
38. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Narcissism
Type A personality
Type theory
Trait hierarchy
39. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
External locus of control
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
George Kelley
Mirrors
40. External and internal locus of control
Phenomenological view (personality)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Phrenology
Julian Rotter
41. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-handicapping
Self-efficacy
Bem Sex Role Inventory
dispositionist
42. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Self-handicapping
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
William Sheldon
Dispositional attribution
43. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Lexical approach
dispositionist
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
44. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Bem Sex Role Inventory
3 personality theories
situationists
dispositionist
45. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Consistency paradox
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Narcissism
Taxonomies
46. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Ectomorph
Taxonomies
Narcissism
47. Hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Trait hierarchy
Type theory
trait
48. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
interactionists
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
situationists
Twin studies
49. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Phrenology
Gender and depression
Ectomorph
Authoritarianism
50. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Lexical approach
Gender and depression
Mirrors
Personality