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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
personal constructs
Consistency paradox
Implicit theories (personality)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
2. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
personal constructs
Seymour Epstein
3 personality theories
Stimulus-seeking individuals
3. External and internal locus of control
Gordon Allport
Julian Rotter
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Personality tests (2 types)
4. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
Personality
External locus of control
William Sheldon
5. Only circumstances determine behavior
Big Five
Fundamental attribution error
situationists
Mirrors
6. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Self-consciousness
Learned helplessness
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Big Five
7. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Phrenology
Self-awareness
Learned helplessness
Personality
8. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Self-esteem
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Gordon Allport
Trait hierarchy
9. Hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Fundamental attribution error
Type theory
Consistency paradox
10. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Internal locus of control
Bem Sex Role Inventory
dispositionist
Trait hierarchy
11. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Authoritarianism
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Personality tests (2 types)
12. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
trait
Fundamental attribution error
Dispositional attribution
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
13. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
3 personality theories
Endomorph
Learned optimism
Lexical approach
14. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Idiographic approach
Dispositional attribution
Self-efficacy
Kay Deaux
15. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Lexical approach
Type A personality
Big Five
Self-awareness
16. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Self-handicapping
Cognitive prototype approach
Learned optimism
Phenomenological view (personality)
17. Studied Type A personality
Type A personality
Martin Seligman
Raymond Cattell
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
18. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
George Kelley
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Ectomorph
Idiographic approach
19. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Learned helplessness
Phrenology
3 personality theories
Gender and depression
20. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Twin studies
Mesomorph
Taxonomies
21. Possessing both male and female qualities
trait
Idiographic approach
Androgynous
Lexical approach
22. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Type theory
Costa and McCrae
interactionists
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
23. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Learned optimism
External locus of control
Self-esteem
William Sheldon
24. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
situationists
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Learned helplessness
25. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Gender and depression
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Lexical approach
Phrenology
26. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-monitoring
Self-handicapping
Self-efficacy
Nomothetic approach
27. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Phrenology
Fundamental attribution error
Twin studies
Implicit theories (personality)
28. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Dispositional attribution
Twin studies
Big Five
29. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Narcissism
Fundamental attribution error
Type theory
30. Have a great need for arousal
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Self-monitoring
Type theory
Ectomorph
31. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Grant Dahlstrom
Big Five
Personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
32. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Phrenology
Self-awareness
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
33. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Type theory
Ectomorph
Gender and depression
Self-monitoring
34. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Personality
Gordon Allport
Consistency paradox
Self-consciousness
35. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Matina Horner
Self-monitoring
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
36. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Implicit theories (personality)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-consciousness
Authoritarianism
37. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Self-esteem
Twin studies
George Kelley
Type A personality
38. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
External locus of control
Self-esteem
Big Five
Trait hierarchy
39. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Idiographic approach
Alice Eagly
dispositionist
trait
40. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
Self-handicapping
Twin studies
Type theory
41. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Grant Dahlstrom
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Idiographic approach
Consistency paradox
42. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Gender and depression
Costa and McCrae
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Internal locus of control
43. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Consistency paradox
Abraham Maslow
Learned optimism
Nomothetic approach
44. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
interactionists
Authoritarianism
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Twin studies
45. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Mirrors
Type A personality
Authoritarianism
Consistency paradox
46. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
47. Critical of personality trait theory
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Internal locus of control
Grant Dahlstrom
Seymour Epstein
48. Personality changes little after age 30
Narcissism
Costa and McCrae
situationists
Self-awareness
49. Learned helplessness
3 personality theories
Learned optimism
Martin Seligman
Trait hierarchy
50. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Self-efficacy
Phenomenological view (personality)
Personality tests (2 types)
Type A personality