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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Barnum effect
Self-awareness
Self-consciousness
Abraham Maslow
2. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Mesomorph
Abraham Maslow
Self-consciousness
Learned helplessness
3. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Mirrors
Gender and depression
Hans Eysenck
Self-handicapping
4. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Kay Deaux
Phenomenological view (personality)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
5. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Authoritarianism
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Dispositional attribution
6. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Endomorph
Grant Dahlstrom
trait
Mesomorph
7. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Trait hierarchy
Hans Eysenck
personal constructs
dispositionist
8. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Phenomenological view (personality)
Endomorph
Narcissism
Self-consciousness
9. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Internal locus of control
Narcissism
trait
Nomothetic approach
10. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Kay Deaux
Sandra Bem
Bem Sex Role Inventory
11. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
George Kelley
Julian Rotter
Cognitive prototype approach
Type theory
12. Cognitive prototype approach
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Abraham Maslow
Martin Seligman
Learned helplessness
13. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Self-esteem
Consistency paradox
Phrenology
Taxonomies
14. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
dispositionist
Big Five
Trait hierarchy
trait
15. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Big Five
Sandra Bem
William Sheldon
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
16. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Gender and depression
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Androgynous
Self-handicapping
17. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Dispositional attribution
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Twin studies
Taxonomies
18. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
William Sheldon
Type A personality
Julian Rotter
Taxonomies
19. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Learned helplessness
Self-monitoring
Gender and depression
Nomothetic approach
20. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
personal constructs
Nomothetic approach
Type A personality
Hans Eysenck
21. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Sandra Bem
personal constructs
Twin studies
Fundamental attribution error
22. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
External locus of control
Lexical approach
Implicit theories (personality)
23. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Self-monitoring
William Sheldon
Gordon Allport
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
24. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Learned helplessness
Self-monitoring
George Kelley
Gordon Allport
25. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Barnum effect
Self-awareness
Consistency paradox
Martin Seligman
26. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
27. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Narcissism
Idiographic approach
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Personality tests (2 types)
28. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Alice Eagly
Mirrors
Androgynous
Barnum effect
29. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Type theory
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Implicit theories (personality)
30. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Phenomenological view (personality)
Type theory
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Implicit theories (personality)
31. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
dispositionist
Personality tests (2 types)
Big Five
George Kelley
32. External and internal locus of control
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Julian Rotter
Idiographic approach
Hans Eysenck
33. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Sandra Bem
Fundamental attribution error
Consistency paradox
34. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Hans Eysenck
Gordon Allport
Androgynous
Dispositional attribution
35. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Authoritarianism
Matina Horner
Alice Eagly
Twin studies
36. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Androgynous
3 personality theories
37. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Taxonomies
personal constructs
Consistency paradox
Learned optimism
38. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Gordon Allport
Twin studies
Alice Eagly
Personality
39. Studied Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Dispositional attribution
Personality tests (2 types)
Lexical approach
40. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Learned optimism
Kay Deaux
dispositionist
41. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Abraham Maslow
Phrenology
Idiographic approach
situationists
42. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Self-awareness
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Abraham Maslow
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
43. Somatotypes personality theory
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
William Sheldon
Phenomenological view (personality)
Hans Eysenck
44. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Androgynous
Ectomorph
Sandra Bem
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
45. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Stimulus-seeking individuals
trait
Self-consciousness
3 personality theories
46. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Learned helplessness
External locus of control
Personality tests (2 types)
Costa and McCrae
47. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Endomorph
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Costa and McCrae
dispositionist
48. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Personality
Personality tests (2 types)
Alice Eagly
Big Five
49. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
personal constructs
dispositionist
3 personality theories
50. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Idiographic approach
Proprium or propriate function
Narcissism
Mirrors