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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
Start Test
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Alice Eagly
Sandra Bem
trait
Mirrors
2. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
External locus of control
Alice Eagly
Personality
Narcissism
3. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Barnum effect
Personality tests (2 types)
Martin Seligman
Idiographic approach
4. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Dispositional attribution
Phenomenological view (personality)
Kay Deaux
Learned optimism
5. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Self-monitoring
Raymond Cattell
Authoritarianism
6. Personality changes little after age 30
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
George Kelley
Costa and McCrae
Hans Eysenck
7. External and internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
situationists
Fundamental attribution error
George Kelley
8. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Raymond Cattell
Self-esteem
9. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
3 personality theories
Implicit theories (personality)
Narcissism
Lexical approach
10. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
trait
Self-efficacy
Type theory
Abraham Maslow
11. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Matina Horner
Endomorph
interactionists
Raymond Cattell
12. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Implicit theories (personality)
Personality
Twin studies
Androgynous
13. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Consistency paradox
Self-monitoring
dispositionist
Narcissism
14. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Endomorph
Proprium or propriate function
Gender and depression
Learned helplessness
15. Studied Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
trait
Sandra Bem
Dispositional attribution
16. Hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Phenomenological view (personality)
Grant Dahlstrom
Barnum effect
17. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Costa and McCrae
Endomorph
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Grant Dahlstrom
18. Cognitive prototype approach
Self-efficacy
External locus of control
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Barnum effect
19. Critical of personality trait theory
Learned helplessness
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Type theory
Seymour Epstein
20. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Fundamental attribution error
Raymond Cattell
Alice Eagly
Internal locus of control
21. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
dispositionist
situationists
Narcissism
Trait hierarchy
22. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Kay Deaux
Big Five
Hans Eysenck
23. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Lexical approach
Costa and McCrae
Internal locus of control
24. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Nomothetic approach
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-handicapping
Learned helplessness
25. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Cognitive prototype approach
External locus of control
Type theory
interactionists
26. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-handicapping
Hans Eysenck
27. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Matina Horner
Seymour Epstein
Mirrors
28. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Androgynous
Twin studies
George Kelley
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
29. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Twin studies
Proprium or propriate function
Narcissism
30. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
William Sheldon
Phrenology
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Gender and depression
31. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Implicit theories (personality)
Big Five
Narcissism
Self-awareness
32. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Big Five
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Idiographic approach
33. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Phrenology
personal constructs
Mirrors
Martin Seligman
34. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Sandra Bem
Lexical approach
Narcissism
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
35. Learned helplessness
Internal locus of control
Martin Seligman
Cognitive prototype approach
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
36. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-monitoring
Hans Eysenck
Alice Eagly
37. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Dispositional attribution
situationists
Self-handicapping
Hans Eysenck
38. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
39. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-consciousness
Cognitive prototype approach
dispositionist
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
40. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Internal locus of control
Hans Eysenck
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Cognitive prototype approach
41. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Learned optimism
Abraham Maslow
interactionists
42. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
situationists
Costa and McCrae
trait
External locus of control
43. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Internal locus of control
situationists
Sandra Bem
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
44. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Type theory
Sandra Bem
dispositionist
Self-esteem
45. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Sandra Bem
Kay Deaux
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
George Kelley
46. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
External locus of control
Idiographic approach
47. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Learned helplessness
External locus of control
Grant Dahlstrom
48. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Abraham Maslow
Gender and depression
Androgynous
Martin Seligman
49. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Seymour Epstein
Mesomorph
Self-monitoring
trait
50. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Ectomorph
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-esteem