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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






2. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






3. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






4. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






5. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed






6. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure






7. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






8. Hierarchy of needs






9. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social






10. Critical of personality trait theory






11. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive






12. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior






13. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph


14. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations






15. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






16. Studied Type A personality






17. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






18. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience






19. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences






20. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently






21. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations






22. Have a great need for arousal






23. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality






24. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






25. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)






26. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism






27. Cognitive training against learned helplessness






28. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






29. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)






30. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour






31. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics






32. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self






33. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






34. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings






35. Learned helplessness






36. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality






37. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






38. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes






39. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations






40. External and internal locus of control






41. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual






42. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






43. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






44. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag






45. Somatotypes personality theory






46. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality






47. Cognitive prototype approach






48. Belief that one can effectively perform a task






49. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






50. Personality changes little after age 30