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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Implicit theories (personality)
Ectomorph
Matina Horner
personal constructs
2. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
dispositionist
Self-efficacy
Phenomenological view (personality)
Cognitive prototype approach
3. Critical of personality trait theory
Phrenology
Seymour Epstein
Idiographic approach
Androgynous
4. Cognitive prototype approach
Androgynous
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Raymond Cattell
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
5. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Proprium or propriate function
Phenomenological view (personality)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-esteem
6. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
trait
William Sheldon
Type A personality
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
7. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Authoritarianism
Raymond Cattell
Self-esteem
8. Hierarchy of needs
George Kelley
Abraham Maslow
Learned helplessness
interactionists
9. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
10. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Dispositional attribution
Mirrors
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Idiographic approach
11. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
trait
Self-consciousness
External locus of control
Twin studies
12. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Self-monitoring
Taxonomies
Twin studies
Learned optimism
13. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Fundamental attribution error
Dispositional attribution
Phrenology
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
14. External and internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
Trait hierarchy
Implicit theories (personality)
Personality
15. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Sandra Bem
Grant Dahlstrom
Nomothetic approach
16. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Personality tests (2 types)
Dispositional attribution
Personality
Idiographic approach
17. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
dispositionist
Internal locus of control
Mirrors
Twin studies
18. Possessing both male and female qualities
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Androgynous
Cognitive prototype approach
3 personality theories
19. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Narcissism
Consistency paradox
Trait hierarchy
Self-handicapping
20. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Martin Seligman
Learned helplessness
Type theory
Personality tests (2 types)
21. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Self-efficacy
Type theory
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Authoritarianism
22. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
situationists
Ectomorph
Taxonomies
23. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Personality
Proprium or propriate function
Self-awareness
24. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Endomorph
Implicit theories (personality)
Ectomorph
Idiographic approach
25. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Cognitive prototype approach
Seymour Epstein
Self-consciousness
Self-esteem
26. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Type A personality
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Personality
Kay Deaux
27. Personality changes little after age 30
Abraham Maslow
Martin Seligman
Alice Eagly
Costa and McCrae
28. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Trait hierarchy
Fundamental attribution error
Alice Eagly
Learned helplessness
29. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Mesomorph
Mirrors
Learned helplessness
Gordon Allport
30. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Alice Eagly
Self-awareness
Raymond Cattell
3 personality theories
31. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Abraham Maslow
Phrenology
Fundamental attribution error
Costa and McCrae
32. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Self-monitoring
Mirrors
Idiographic approach
Kay Deaux
33. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Self-monitoring
Barnum effect
Self-esteem
Dispositional attribution
34. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Alice Eagly
Type A personality
Type theory
Self-esteem
35. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Kay Deaux
Self-awareness
Gender and depression
36. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Taxonomies
interactionists
Phrenology
Alice Eagly
37. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Mesomorph
Sandra Bem
dispositionist
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
38. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
dispositionist
Narcissism
Nomothetic approach
Grant Dahlstrom
39. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
trait
Self-esteem
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Learned optimism
40. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Julian Rotter
Endomorph
Type theory
Ectomorph
41. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Fundamental attribution error
trait
42. Have a great need for arousal
Twin studies
Type theory
George Kelley
Stimulus-seeking individuals
43. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Nomothetic approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
interactionists
Self-esteem
44. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Alice Eagly
Dispositional attribution
Sandra Bem
Hans Eysenck
45. Somatotypes personality theory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Grant Dahlstrom
Implicit theories (personality)
William Sheldon
46. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Dispositional attribution
Self-esteem
Barnum effect
47. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Nomothetic approach
Mesomorph
Hans Eysenck
Implicit theories (personality)
48. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Idiographic approach
George Kelley
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
49. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Lexical approach
Self-monitoring
Dispositional attribution
Phrenology
50. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Personality tests (2 types)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Phenomenological view (personality)
Self-awareness