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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Idiographic approach
dispositionist
Narcissism
situationists
2. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Lexical approach
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Alice Eagly
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
3. Learned helplessness
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Self-esteem
Costa and McCrae
Martin Seligman
4. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Mesomorph
Proprium or propriate function
Endomorph
5. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
3 personality theories
Self-esteem
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
6. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Type theory
Androgynous
Gender and depression
Raymond Cattell
7. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Self-consciousness
Self-handicapping
Proprium or propriate function
Internal locus of control
8. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Personality
Self-awareness
Endomorph
Proprium or propriate function
9. Cognitive prototype approach
Type theory
Raymond Cattell
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Ectomorph
10. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Kay Deaux
Ectomorph
Implicit theories (personality)
Authoritarianism
11. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Endomorph
12. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
13. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Raymond Cattell
Self-handicapping
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Learned optimism
14. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Grant Dahlstrom
Consistency paradox
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Self-monitoring
15. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Matina Horner
Kay Deaux
personal constructs
Alice Eagly
16. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Type A personality
Mirrors
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
personal constructs
17. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Trait hierarchy
Internal locus of control
Henry Murray
18. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Implicit theories (personality)
Self-monitoring
Sandra Bem
Mirrors
19. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Ectomorph
Self-efficacy
Internal locus of control
Phenomenological view (personality)
20. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Matina Horner
dispositionist
Taxonomies
Type theory
21. Only circumstances determine behavior
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Raymond Cattell
Abraham Maslow
situationists
22. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Self-handicapping
Nomothetic approach
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Taxonomies
23. External and internal locus of control
Grant Dahlstrom
Phrenology
Sandra Bem
Julian Rotter
24. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
trait
Phrenology
Ectomorph
Authoritarianism
25. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Hans Eysenck
Self-monitoring
Fundamental attribution error
3 personality theories
26. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Hans Eysenck
Kay Deaux
Dispositional attribution
Self-esteem
27. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Hans Eysenck
Alice Eagly
Sandra Bem
Phrenology
28. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Authoritarianism
Kay Deaux
Self-awareness
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
29. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Raymond Cattell
Consistency paradox
Implicit theories (personality)
30. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Self-handicapping
Personality
Fundamental attribution error
Narcissism
31. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Type theory
Seymour Epstein
Type A personality
George Kelley
32. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Personality
Julian Rotter
Androgynous
33. Personality changes little after age 30
Abraham Maslow
Self-esteem
Costa and McCrae
dispositionist
34. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Barnum effect
Androgynous
35. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Gordon Allport
Cognitive prototype approach
Alice Eagly
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
36. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-awareness
William Sheldon
situationists
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
37. Somatotypes personality theory
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Mirrors
Matina Horner
William Sheldon
38. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Dispositional attribution
Matina Horner
Proprium or propriate function
George Kelley
39. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Idiographic approach
Personality tests (2 types)
trait
Nomothetic approach
40. Studied Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Lexical approach
Henry Murray
Stimulus-seeking individuals
41. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Type A personality
3 personality theories
Abraham Maslow
Idiographic approach
42. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
interactionists
Sandra Bem
Grant Dahlstrom
Self-consciousness
43. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
trait
Lexical approach
Learned optimism
Narcissism
44. Critical of personality trait theory
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Learned optimism
Seymour Epstein
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
45. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-awareness
Proprium or propriate function
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
46. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Consistency paradox
Internal locus of control
Sandra Bem
William Sheldon
47. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Julian Rotter
dispositionist
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
48. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Phenomenological view (personality)
Big Five
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
49. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Endomorph
Ectomorph
Hans Eysenck
Julian Rotter
50. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Personality tests (2 types)
Gender and depression
Self-awareness
Cognitive prototype approach