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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
William Sheldon
Type A personality
2. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Martin Seligman
Learned optimism
Consistency paradox
personal constructs
3. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Gordon Allport
Idiographic approach
Personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
4. Cognitive prototype approach
personal constructs
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Dispositional attribution
situationists
5. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Consistency paradox
Self-awareness
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
6. Critical of personality trait theory
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Androgynous
Seymour Epstein
Type theory
7. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
dispositionist
Self-efficacy
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Big Five
8. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Julian Rotter
Personality
Raymond Cattell
Nomothetic approach
9. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
3 personality theories
Phenomenological view (personality)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
10. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Kay Deaux
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Mesomorph
Phenomenological view (personality)
11. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
George Kelley
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Endomorph
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
12. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Barnum effect
Mirrors
Nomothetic approach
Proprium or propriate function
13. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
George Kelley
Phenomenological view (personality)
Phrenology
Henry Murray
14. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Type theory
Ectomorph
Idiographic approach
15. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
3 personality theories
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Kay Deaux
Self-esteem
16. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Implicit theories (personality)
Mirrors
Henry Murray
Internal locus of control
17. Possessing both male and female qualities
Taxonomies
Androgynous
Sandra Bem
Learned optimism
18. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Self-monitoring
Gordon Allport
Learned optimism
Internal locus of control
19. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Internal locus of control
Personality
Trait hierarchy
Barnum effect
20. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
George Kelley
Trait hierarchy
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-monitoring
21. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Martin Seligman
personal constructs
Big Five
Learned helplessness
22. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Phenomenological view (personality)
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Taxonomies
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
23. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Endomorph
Mirrors
Nomothetic approach
Ectomorph
24. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
Mesomorph
3 personality theories
Ectomorph
25. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Big Five
Cognitive prototype approach
Mesomorph
George Kelley
26. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Lexical approach
Mesomorph
Learned helplessness
interactionists
27. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Abraham Maslow
Raymond Cattell
Fundamental attribution error
Costa and McCrae
28. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Matina Horner
Type A personality
Sandra Bem
Personality tests (2 types)
29. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Androgynous
Narcissism
Learned optimism
Lexical approach
30. External and internal locus of control
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Authoritarianism
Trait hierarchy
Julian Rotter
31. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Consistency paradox
Proprium or propriate function
Grant Dahlstrom
32. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Alice Eagly
Barnum effect
Julian Rotter
Costa and McCrae
33. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Implicit theories (personality)
Androgynous
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Kay Deaux
34. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Abraham Maslow
Twin studies
Consistency paradox
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
35. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Authoritarianism
Gordon Allport
Internal locus of control
Self-esteem
36. Studied Type A personality
George Kelley
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Taxonomies
Grant Dahlstrom
37. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
George Kelley
Endomorph
Raymond Cattell
Henry Murray
38. Learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
Androgynous
Narcissism
Type theory
39. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
dispositionist
Personality tests (2 types)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Matina Horner
40. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Authoritarianism
Big Five
Cognitive prototype approach
41. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
3 personality theories
Nomothetic approach
Lexical approach
Gordon Allport
42. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Julian Rotter
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
George Kelley
trait
43. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Authoritarianism
Dispositional attribution
George Kelley
Implicit theories (personality)
44. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Self-awareness
Personality tests (2 types)
Authoritarianism
Mirrors
45. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Hans Eysenck
Twin studies
Narcissism
46. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Cognitive prototype approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Self-monitoring
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
47. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Mirrors
Cognitive prototype approach
Gender and depression
Hans Eysenck
48. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Implicit theories (personality)
Alice Eagly
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
External locus of control
49. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-consciousness
Matina Horner
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-monitoring
50. Somatotypes personality theory
Lexical approach
William Sheldon
Type theory
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor