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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Endomorph
Idiographic approach
Self-efficacy
Proprium or propriate function
2. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Gordon Allport
Implicit theories (personality)
Proprium or propriate function
Phenomenological view (personality)
3. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Grant Dahlstrom
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-awareness
Idiographic approach
4. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Mesomorph
Self-consciousness
Barnum effect
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
5. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Alice Eagly
Consistency paradox
Gordon Allport
Androgynous
6. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
Self-efficacy
Mesomorph
Idiographic approach
7. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Self-esteem
Learned helplessness
Mirrors
Trait hierarchy
8. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Mesomorph
Self-awareness
Hans Eysenck
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
9. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
personal constructs
Twin studies
Gender and depression
Hans Eysenck
10. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Gender and depression
Self-handicapping
Seymour Epstein
Self-efficacy
11. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Mirrors
Matina Horner
trait
12. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Phrenology
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Personality tests (2 types)
Abraham Maslow
13. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Trait hierarchy
Seymour Epstein
Mirrors
Alice Eagly
14. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Self-monitoring
Self-efficacy
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Mesomorph
15. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Twin studies
Martin Seligman
External locus of control
Personality
16. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Endomorph
Self-monitoring
Seymour Epstein
Self-awareness
17. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
trait
Self-handicapping
Authoritarianism
Personality tests (2 types)
18. Learned helplessness
Self-monitoring
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Martin Seligman
Consistency paradox
19. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
dispositionist
George Kelley
Gender and depression
Fundamental attribution error
20. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Abraham Maslow
trait
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Androgynous
21. Have a great need for arousal
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Self-awareness
Idiographic approach
22. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
3 personality theories
External locus of control
Abraham Maslow
Ectomorph
23. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Gender and depression
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Phrenology
24. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
3 personality theories
Lexical approach
William Sheldon
Type A personality
25. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Barnum effect
Self-awareness
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
trait
26. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
George Kelley
personal constructs
Seymour Epstein
Mirrors
27. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Learned optimism
Type A personality
Personality
28. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Sandra Bem
Personality tests (2 types)
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Barnum effect
29. Cognitive prototype approach
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
3 personality theories
Raymond Cattell
Lexical approach
30. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Alice Eagly
Learned helplessness
Gender and depression
George Kelley
31. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Internal locus of control
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Kay Deaux
Taxonomies
32. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Self-handicapping
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Gender and depression
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
33. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Proprium or propriate function
Gordon Allport
Learned optimism
Type theory
34. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Authoritarianism
Phrenology
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Narcissism
35. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Learned optimism
Trait hierarchy
Consistency paradox
interactionists
36. Personality changes little after age 30
Personality tests (2 types)
Dispositional attribution
Costa and McCrae
Self-esteem
37. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Kay Deaux
Gordon Allport
Grant Dahlstrom
38. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Taxonomies
Dispositional attribution
Nomothetic approach
Fundamental attribution error
39. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Kay Deaux
Type theory
Self-monitoring
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
40. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Personality
Julian Rotter
William Sheldon
Lexical approach
41. Studied Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
George Kelley
Self-handicapping
Costa and McCrae
42. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Twin studies
Mesomorph
Kay Deaux
personal constructs
43. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
3 personality theories
Proprium or propriate function
Personality tests (2 types)
Personality
44. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Endomorph
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
45. Critical of personality trait theory
Nomothetic approach
Seymour Epstein
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Internal locus of control
46. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Trait hierarchy
Learned optimism
Fundamental attribution error
interactionists
47. Only circumstances determine behavior
Lexical approach
Alice Eagly
Seymour Epstein
situationists
48. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Fundamental attribution error
Implicit theories (personality)
Matina Horner
Raymond Cattell
49. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Implicit theories (personality)
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
George Kelley
Fundamental attribution error
50. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Personality
Implicit theories (personality)
Seymour Epstein
Martin Seligman