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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Implicit theories (personality)
Fundamental attribution error
Personality
Internal locus of control
2. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-esteem
Henry Murray
Self-handicapping
3. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Barnum effect
Lexical approach
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
trait
4. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
interactionists
Idiographic approach
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
situationists
5. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Dispositional attribution
Implicit theories (personality)
Henry Murray
Julian Rotter
6. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Self-consciousness
Trait hierarchy
trait
Authoritarianism
7. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
trait
Hans Eysenck
Personality tests (2 types)
8. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Idiographic approach
Personality tests (2 types)
George Kelley
9. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Consistency paradox
Alice Eagly
Trait hierarchy
Cognitive prototype approach
10. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-consciousness
Self-esteem
William Sheldon
3 personality theories
11. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Mirrors
Endomorph
Consistency paradox
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
12. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Fundamental attribution error
Mirrors
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Dispositional attribution
13. Somatotypes personality theory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Self-awareness
William Sheldon
Personality tests (2 types)
14. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Type theory
Lexical approach
personal constructs
dispositionist
15. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Martin Seligman
Hans Eysenck
Barnum effect
Trait hierarchy
16. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
dispositionist
Nomothetic approach
Phenomenological view (personality)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
17. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Julian Rotter
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Hans Eysenck
Gender and depression
18. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Ectomorph
Phenomenological view (personality)
Sandra Bem
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
19. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
interactionists
Androgynous
Twin studies
Mirrors
20. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Personality
Twin studies
Hans Eysenck
Authoritarianism
21. Critical of personality trait theory
Raymond Cattell
Seymour Epstein
External locus of control
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
22. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
situationists
Proprium or propriate function
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Ectomorph
23. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
William Sheldon
Raymond Cattell
Learned optimism
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
24. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
dispositionist
Internal locus of control
Alice Eagly
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
25. Hierarchy of needs
Authoritarianism
Abraham Maslow
William Sheldon
Bem Sex Role Inventory
26. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Self-esteem
interactionists
Phenomenological view (personality)
Implicit theories (personality)
27. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Grant Dahlstrom
Self-monitoring
Idiographic approach
Sandra Bem
28. Have a great need for arousal
trait
Kay Deaux
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Raymond Cattell
29. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
interactionists
Authoritarianism
Cognitive prototype approach
Stimulus-seeking individuals
30. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Idiographic approach
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Taxonomies
Endomorph
31. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Lexical approach
Sandra Bem
Self-efficacy
Trait hierarchy
32. Learned helplessness
Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Martin Seligman
Personality tests (2 types)
33. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Twin studies
George Kelley
Martin Seligman
Alice Eagly
34. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Martin Seligman
Type theory
Gender and depression
situationists
35. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
interactionists
Kay Deaux
Self-awareness
Personality tests (2 types)
36. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Type A personality
Grant Dahlstrom
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
George Kelley
37. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Sandra Bem
Raymond Cattell
Martin Seligman
Self-monitoring
38. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Learned helplessness
Gender and depression
Narcissism
Henry Murray
39. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Matina Horner
Dispositional attribution
Cognitive prototype approach
Bem Sex Role Inventory
40. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Twin studies
personal constructs
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
41. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Twin studies
Trait hierarchy
Nomothetic approach
Idiographic approach
42. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
Alice Eagly
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Raymond Cattell
43. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Gender and depression
personal constructs
Taxonomies
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
44. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Nomothetic approach
Gordon Allport
Julian Rotter
Learned optimism
45. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Trait hierarchy
Big Five
Gordon Allport
Matina Horner
46. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
External locus of control
Self-consciousness
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Henry Murray
47. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Ectomorph
Phenomenological view (personality)
Taxonomies
Henry Murray
48. Only circumstances determine behavior
Gordon Allport
situationists
Nomothetic approach
Implicit theories (personality)
49. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Cognitive prototype approach
Consistency paradox
Phenomenological view (personality)
Barnum effect
50. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
3 personality theories
Proprium or propriate function
Cognitive prototype approach
Hans Eysenck