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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality






2. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






3. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality






4. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive






5. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior






6. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






7. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






8. Cognitive training against learned helplessness






9. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations






10. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)






11. Hierarchy of needs






12. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience






13. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)






14. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist






15. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






16. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced






17. External and internal locus of control






18. Critical of personality trait theory






19. Somatotypes personality theory






20. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






21. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






22. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men






23. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






24. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






25. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics






26. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire






27. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






28. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary






29. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences






30. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness






31. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-






32. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






33. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition






34. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality






35. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently






36. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings






37. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social






38. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism






39. Belief that one can effectively perform a task






40. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure






41. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person






42. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






43. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






44. Only circumstances determine behavior






45. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour






46. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations






47. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed






48. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






49. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem






50. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self