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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hierarchy of needs
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Costa and McCrae
Abraham Maslow
Julian Rotter
2. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
George Kelley
Mesomorph
3. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
trait
Raymond Cattell
Kay Deaux
Grant Dahlstrom
4. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
William Sheldon
Gender and depression
Alice Eagly
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
5. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Narcissism
3 personality theories
trait
personal constructs
6. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
personal constructs
George Kelley
Lexical approach
External locus of control
7. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Implicit theories (personality)
personal constructs
Self-consciousness
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
8. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Phenomenological view (personality)
Gordon Allport
Proprium or propriate function
Raymond Cattell
9. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Taxonomies
3 personality theories
Barnum effect
Fundamental attribution error
10. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Personality tests (2 types)
Matina Horner
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Learned optimism
11. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Lexical approach
Self-esteem
William Sheldon
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
12. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
interactionists
External locus of control
Lexical approach
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
13. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
George Kelley
Twin studies
Julian Rotter
Phrenology
14. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
3 personality theories
Cognitive prototype approach
Gordon Allport
Learned optimism
15. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Alice Eagly
Mirrors
Type theory
Internal locus of control
16. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Abraham Maslow
Self-monitoring
Internal locus of control
17. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
situationists
Phenomenological view (personality)
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
18. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Trait hierarchy
Learned optimism
Type A personality
External locus of control
19. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Kay Deaux
Phenomenological view (personality)
Self-esteem
External locus of control
20. Cognitive prototype approach
Alice Eagly
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Lexical approach
Fundamental attribution error
21. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Big Five
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Personality tests (2 types)
Taxonomies
22. Only circumstances determine behavior
William Sheldon
situationists
Self-efficacy
Matina Horner
23. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Big Five
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Type A personality
Trait hierarchy
24. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Nomothetic approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
dispositionist
Bem Sex Role Inventory
25. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Idiographic approach
Internal locus of control
Seymour Epstein
Self-handicapping
26. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Raymond Cattell
Endomorph
Kay Deaux
Mesomorph
27. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Idiographic approach
Hans Eysenck
Phrenology
28. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Type A personality
Narcissism
Androgynous
Mirrors
29. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Trait hierarchy
Self-awareness
Costa and McCrae
Mirrors
30. External and internal locus of control
Gordon Allport
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
interactionists
Julian Rotter
31. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Grant Dahlstrom
personal constructs
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Phrenology
32. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Matina Horner
Fundamental attribution error
Cognitive prototype approach
Costa and McCrae
33. Studied Type A personality
Big Five
Idiographic approach
Cognitive prototype approach
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
34. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-awareness
Learned helplessness
dispositionist
Stimulus-seeking individuals
35. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Learned helplessness
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Mesomorph
36. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
George Kelley
Nomothetic approach
Sandra Bem
Mirrors
37. Possessing both male and female qualities
Cognitive prototype approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Endomorph
Androgynous
38. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Hans Eysenck
trait
Narcissism
Self-awareness
39. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Trait hierarchy
Personality
Mesomorph
Type theory
40. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Twin studies
situationists
Implicit theories (personality)
Personality tests (2 types)
41. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Mirrors
Ectomorph
George Kelley
Personality tests (2 types)
42. Learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
Self-monitoring
trait
Authoritarianism
43. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Idiographic approach
Big Five
44. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
dispositionist
Hans Eysenck
Abraham Maslow
Nomothetic approach
45. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Nomothetic approach
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Gordon Allport
Self-efficacy
46. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Barnum effect
Trait hierarchy
Sandra Bem
Grant Dahlstrom
47. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Self-esteem
Fundamental attribution error
Authoritarianism
Trait hierarchy
48. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Self-awareness
Seymour Epstein
Endomorph
Big Five
49. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Hans Eysenck
Mirrors
Self-consciousness
Self-esteem
50. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Consistency paradox
Henry Murray
Self-consciousness
Self-handicapping