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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Authoritarianism
Julian Rotter
Consistency paradox
Henry Murray
2. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
trait
Trait hierarchy
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
3. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Lexical approach
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Learned helplessness
Learned optimism
4. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Personality
Type A personality
situationists
Self-efficacy
5. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Ectomorph
Gordon Allport
6. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Implicit theories (personality)
Taxonomies
Matina Horner
Sandra Bem
7. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Implicit theories (personality)
Type theory
Mesomorph
Lexical approach
8. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Ectomorph
Learned optimism
Gender and depression
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
9. External and internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
Nomothetic approach
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
dispositionist
10. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Matina Horner
Lexical approach
3 personality theories
11. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Learned helplessness
George Kelley
Cognitive prototype approach
Lexical approach
12. Hierarchy of needs
Phenomenological view (personality)
interactionists
Type A personality
Abraham Maslow
13. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Consistency paradox
Gordon Allport
3 personality theories
Learned helplessness
14. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Personality
Twin studies
Narcissism
Mirrors
15. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
3 personality theories
Mirrors
16. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Grant Dahlstrom
17. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Fundamental attribution error
Gender and depression
Implicit theories (personality)
18. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Self-efficacy
Endomorph
William Sheldon
19. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Androgynous
Abraham Maslow
Twin studies
20. Critical of personality trait theory
Cognitive prototype approach
Seymour Epstein
Idiographic approach
interactionists
21. Have a great need for arousal
Fundamental attribution error
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Gender and depression
Big Five
22. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Proprium or propriate function
Gender and depression
Sandra Bem
Learned optimism
23. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Self-efficacy
George Kelley
Nomothetic approach
Idiographic approach
24. Studied Type A personality
Self-efficacy
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Big Five
Barnum effect
25. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Self-handicapping
Consistency paradox
Dispositional attribution
Costa and McCrae
26. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Julian Rotter
Idiographic approach
Proprium or propriate function
Personality tests (2 types)
27. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Personality
Type theory
Sandra Bem
Self-esteem
28. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Gender and depression
Type theory
3 personality theories
29. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Fundamental attribution error
Implicit theories (personality)
Narcissism
George Kelley
30. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Alice Eagly
Taxonomies
Self-consciousness
Barnum effect
31. Possessing both male and female qualities
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Phrenology
Androgynous
32. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
William Sheldon
Sandra Bem
Big Five
Idiographic approach
33. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Gordon Allport
Grant Dahlstrom
Hans Eysenck
34. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Mirrors
3 personality theories
personal constructs
Self-esteem
35. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Grant Dahlstrom
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Mirrors
Nomothetic approach
36. Cognitive prototype approach
trait
Henry Murray
Gordon Allport
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
37. Learned helplessness
Self-handicapping
Sandra Bem
Martin Seligman
Gender and depression
38. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Nomothetic approach
Gender and depression
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Self-consciousness
39. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Self-consciousness
Self-monitoring
Implicit theories (personality)
Nomothetic approach
40. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Phenomenological view (personality)
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Kay Deaux
41. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Personality tests (2 types)
Phenomenological view (personality)
Proprium or propriate function
interactionists
42. Somatotypes personality theory
situationists
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
William Sheldon
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
43. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Self-consciousness
interactionists
Learned helplessness
Stimulus-seeking individuals
44. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Self-monitoring
Taxonomies
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Type A personality
45. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
46. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Gender and depression
dispositionist
3 personality theories
47. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Ectomorph
Narcissism
Mesomorph
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
48. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Phrenology
Lexical approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
George Kelley
49. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Proprium or propriate function
Big Five
Alice Eagly
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
50. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Raymond Cattell
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Implicit theories (personality)
Type theory