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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Personality
Idiographic approach
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Dispositional attribution
2. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Learned optimism
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Gender and depression
Authoritarianism
3. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Self-monitoring
Mesomorph
Dispositional attribution
3 personality theories
4. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Alice Eagly
Learned optimism
Self-awareness
Lexical approach
5. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Self-monitoring
Idiographic approach
Endomorph
Narcissism
6. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
dispositionist
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Type A personality
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
7. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Personality tests (2 types)
Nomothetic approach
Gordon Allport
Ectomorph
8. Only circumstances determine behavior
Martin Seligman
Phenomenological view (personality)
situationists
Self-consciousness
9. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
3 personality theories
Mesomorph
William Sheldon
10. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Proprium or propriate function
Julian Rotter
Grant Dahlstrom
Stimulus-seeking individuals
11. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Hans Eysenck
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Kay Deaux
Learned helplessness
12. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Trait hierarchy
Authoritarianism
Self-consciousness
Mirrors
13. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Self-efficacy
Type A personality
Henry Murray
Taxonomies
14. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Self-esteem
Costa and McCrae
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Phenomenological view (personality)
15. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Hans Eysenck
Twin studies
Big Five
3 personality theories
16. Critical of personality trait theory
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-monitoring
Gordon Allport
Seymour Epstein
17. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Androgynous
Phrenology
Proprium or propriate function
Lexical approach
18. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Self-awareness
Self-handicapping
External locus of control
Lexical approach
19. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Mirrors
Stimulus-seeking individuals
personal constructs
Dispositional attribution
20. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Self-awareness
Hans Eysenck
Lexical approach
3 personality theories
21. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Type A personality
trait
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Alice Eagly
22. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
Idiographic approach
Dispositional attribution
Endomorph
23. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Mirrors
Self-handicapping
trait
Fundamental attribution error
24. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Gordon Allport
personal constructs
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Mirrors
25. External and internal locus of control
Proprium or propriate function
Martin Seligman
Julian Rotter
Barnum effect
26. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
27. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Hans Eysenck
External locus of control
interactionists
Phenomenological view (personality)
28. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Julian Rotter
situationists
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Lexical approach
29. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Personality tests (2 types)
Big Five
30. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Hans Eysenck
Consistency paradox
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Gordon Allport
31. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Self-monitoring
Idiographic approach
32. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Twin studies
Consistency paradox
Learned optimism
Henry Murray
33. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Barnum effect
dispositionist
Self-awareness
34. Cognitive prototype approach
Idiographic approach
Type theory
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Bem Sex Role Inventory
35. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Phrenology
Grant Dahlstrom
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-consciousness
36. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Endomorph
Personality
Kay Deaux
Fundamental attribution error
37. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Proprium or propriate function
Matina Horner
Trait hierarchy
situationists
38. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Self-efficacy
Martin Seligman
Implicit theories (personality)
Lexical approach
39. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Barnum effect
Sandra Bem
Kay Deaux
40. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Barnum effect
Self-handicapping
Narcissism
41. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Idiographic approach
Self-monitoring
Personality
Martin Seligman
42. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Consistency paradox
External locus of control
Alice Eagly
Sandra Bem
43. Somatotypes personality theory
Phenomenological view (personality)
Learned helplessness
William Sheldon
Self-consciousness
44. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Seymour Epstein
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-consciousness
situationists
45. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Consistency paradox
Phenomenological view (personality)
46. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
dispositionist
3 personality theories
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Bem Sex Role Inventory
47. Studied Type A personality
Costa and McCrae
Ectomorph
Self-awareness
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
48. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
situationists
Twin studies
Lexical approach
Implicit theories (personality)
49. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Self-handicapping
Ectomorph
Trait hierarchy
Dispositional attribution
50. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Type A personality
Fundamental attribution error
Proprium or propriate function
Self-efficacy