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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism






2. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






3. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)






4. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






5. External and internal locus of control






6. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






7. Hierarchy of needs






8. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure






9. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men






10. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)






11. Belief that one can effectively perform a task






12. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations






13. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






14. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






15. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






16. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour






17. Cognitive prototype approach






18. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts






19. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






20. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically






21. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary






22. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






23. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics






24. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality






25. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person






26. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






27. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition






28. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings






29. Studied Type A personality






30. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive






31. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






32. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






33. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






34. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience






35. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure






36. Somatotypes personality theory






37. Learned helplessness






38. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






39. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






40. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists






41. Have a great need for arousal






42. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences






43. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently






44. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






45. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






46. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed






47. Cognitive training against learned helplessness






48. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality






49. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-






50. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph