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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






2. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations






3. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






4. Personality changes little after age 30






5. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire






6. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary






7. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






8. Studied Type A personality






9. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed






10. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men






11. Hierarchy of needs






12. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






13. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






14. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-






15. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality






16. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior






17. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






18. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality






19. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience






20. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings






21. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced






22. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism






23. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






24. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences






25. Learned helplessness






26. Somatotypes personality theory






27. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality






28. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem






29. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics






30. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






31. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist






32. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)






33. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person






34. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






35. Belief that one can effectively perform a task






36. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






37. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes






38. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure






39. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists






40. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)






41. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






42. Have a great need for arousal






43. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






44. Critical of personality trait theory






45. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations






46. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts






47. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social






48. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






49. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations






50. Cognitive training against learned helplessness