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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Mesomorph
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Stimulus-seeking individuals
dispositionist
2. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
External locus of control
Self-esteem
Kay Deaux
Self-monitoring
3. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Internal locus of control
Trait hierarchy
Raymond Cattell
Phenomenological view (personality)
4. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Self-awareness
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Idiographic approach
Implicit theories (personality)
5. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-monitoring
Sandra Bem
Mirrors
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
6. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Nomothetic approach
Implicit theories (personality)
Self-esteem
Self-consciousness
7. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Lexical approach
Matina Horner
Learned optimism
Narcissism
8. Learned helplessness
Authoritarianism
Martin Seligman
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Big Five
9. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
situationists
Phenomenological view (personality)
Twin studies
Self-monitoring
10. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Implicit theories (personality)
interactionists
11. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Learned optimism
Mesomorph
Androgynous
12. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Phenomenological view (personality)
Kay Deaux
dispositionist
13. Personality changes little after age 30
Lexical approach
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
personal constructs
Costa and McCrae
14. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
15. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Nomothetic approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Sandra Bem
Type theory
16. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Lexical approach
Mirrors
Henry Murray
interactionists
17. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Self-consciousness
Self-esteem
George Kelley
Internal locus of control
18. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
dispositionist
situationists
3 personality theories
trait
19. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Barnum effect
Personality tests (2 types)
Kay Deaux
20. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Trait hierarchy
Matina Horner
Phrenology
Learned optimism
21. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Androgynous
Sandra Bem
Gordon Allport
Self-handicapping
22. External and internal locus of control
Proprium or propriate function
Taxonomies
Self-handicapping
Julian Rotter
23. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Consistency paradox
Taxonomies
Personality tests (2 types)
Mesomorph
24. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Mesomorph
Hans Eysenck
Cognitive prototype approach
Implicit theories (personality)
25. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Implicit theories (personality)
Self-esteem
Alice Eagly
Dispositional attribution
26. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Self-consciousness
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Consistency paradox
Barnum effect
27. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Matina Horner
Seymour Epstein
Authoritarianism
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
28. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Abraham Maslow
Dispositional attribution
Ectomorph
Costa and McCrae
29. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
situationists
trait
Fundamental attribution error
Twin studies
30. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Self-awareness
Phenomenological view (personality)
Alice Eagly
Mirrors
31. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Seymour Epstein
Self-consciousness
Big Five
Gender and depression
32. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Grant Dahlstrom
Self-awareness
Type A personality
Authoritarianism
33. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Gordon Allport
Costa and McCrae
Matina Horner
Internal locus of control
34. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Personality
Idiographic approach
Self-esteem
Proprium or propriate function
35. Critical of personality trait theory
trait
Seymour Epstein
Phrenology
George Kelley
36. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Nomothetic approach
George Kelley
situationists
Consistency paradox
37. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Henry Murray
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Authoritarianism
38. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Costa and McCrae
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Nomothetic approach
39. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-efficacy
Self-handicapping
Gordon Allport
40. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Self-consciousness
Learned helplessness
Henry Murray
Taxonomies
41. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Narcissism
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Personality
Twin studies
42. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Implicit theories (personality)
Personality
Mirrors
Big Five
43. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Internal locus of control
Hans Eysenck
Narcissism
Mesomorph
44. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-handicapping
Big Five
Twin studies
45. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Lexical approach
Learned optimism
Phrenology
Authoritarianism
46. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Ectomorph
Dispositional attribution
Gender and depression
situationists
47. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Gender and depression
Lexical approach
William Sheldon
Trait hierarchy
48. Cognitive prototype approach
Self-esteem
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Endomorph
Henry Murray
49. Have a great need for arousal
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Authoritarianism
Self-handicapping
Proprium or propriate function
50. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Alice Eagly
Endomorph
Self-consciousness
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin