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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Martin Seligman
Idiographic approach
Raymond Cattell
Nomothetic approach
2. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Kay Deaux
Personality tests (2 types)
Seymour Epstein
Consistency paradox
3. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Raymond Cattell
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Implicit theories (personality)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
4. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
5. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Raymond Cattell
Self-monitoring
Type A personality
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
6. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Learned optimism
Self-esteem
Implicit theories (personality)
Gender and depression
7. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
personal constructs
Internal locus of control
Phrenology
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
8. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Self-esteem
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Type A personality
interactionists
9. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Matina Horner
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Ectomorph
10. External and internal locus of control
Dispositional attribution
Personality
Julian Rotter
Big Five
11. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Self-monitoring
Fundamental attribution error
Seymour Epstein
Taxonomies
12. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
personal constructs
Big Five
Self-handicapping
Mirrors
13. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Abraham Maslow
Gordon Allport
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Raymond Cattell
14. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Proprium or propriate function
Idiographic approach
Martin Seligman
Consistency paradox
15. Have a great need for arousal
Self-monitoring
Personality
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Stimulus-seeking individuals
16. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Trait hierarchy
Consistency paradox
Nomothetic approach
Dispositional attribution
17. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Learned helplessness
Dispositional attribution
Julian Rotter
Self-awareness
18. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Mesomorph
Alice Eagly
Sandra Bem
Ectomorph
19. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Endomorph
Seymour Epstein
Narcissism
Twin studies
20. Only circumstances determine behavior
Gordon Allport
Androgynous
situationists
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
21. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Raymond Cattell
Implicit theories (personality)
dispositionist
Henry Murray
22. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Mesomorph
External locus of control
Fundamental attribution error
3 personality theories
23. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Big Five
Type theory
Phenomenological view (personality)
Self-handicapping
24. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Type theory
Matina Horner
Stimulus-seeking individuals
interactionists
25. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Type A personality
3 personality theories
Gordon Allport
Mesomorph
26. Somatotypes personality theory
Bem Sex Role Inventory
William Sheldon
Self-awareness
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
27. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Dispositional attribution
Self-consciousness
Type A personality
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
28. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Grant Dahlstrom
Personality tests (2 types)
William Sheldon
Cognitive prototype approach
29. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
William Sheldon
Internal locus of control
interactionists
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
30. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Big Five
Proprium or propriate function
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Implicit theories (personality)
31. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Nomothetic approach
Barnum effect
Self-monitoring
32. Hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Learned helplessness
Self-awareness
Big Five
33. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
3 personality theories
Type A personality
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
34. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Implicit theories (personality)
Personality tests (2 types)
Gordon Allport
Barnum effect
35. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Trait hierarchy
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
trait
Sandra Bem
36. Possessing both male and female qualities
Personality tests (2 types)
personal constructs
Androgynous
Matina Horner
37. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Idiographic approach
Lexical approach
Implicit theories (personality)
Fundamental attribution error
38. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
William Sheldon
Matina Horner
Phrenology
situationists
39. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Taxonomies
Internal locus of control
Seymour Epstein
Learned helplessness
40. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Fundamental attribution error
Gordon Allport
Type A personality
Kay Deaux
41. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Type theory
Taxonomies
Narcissism
42. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Julian Rotter
Martin Seligman
Sandra Bem
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
43. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-awareness
Henry Murray
Self-efficacy
Mesomorph
44. Learned helplessness
Dispositional attribution
Mesomorph
Big Five
Martin Seligman
45. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Phrenology
Proprium or propriate function
Self-esteem
Self-awareness
46. Cognitive prototype approach
dispositionist
Fundamental attribution error
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Learned optimism
47. Critical of personality trait theory
Learned helplessness
Seymour Epstein
Self-esteem
Big Five
48. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Big Five
Barnum effect
personal constructs
Personality
49. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Matina Horner
Self-awareness
Type A personality
Type theory
50. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Type A personality
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Mirrors
Self-efficacy