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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Mirrors
Self-handicapping
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
personal constructs
2. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Twin studies
3 personality theories
3. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Fundamental attribution error
Big Five
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Nomothetic approach
4. Hierarchy of needs
Self-esteem
situationists
Self-monitoring
Abraham Maslow
5. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Henry Murray
interactionists
Nomothetic approach
Authoritarianism
6. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Personality tests (2 types)
Kay Deaux
7. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
situationists
interactionists
Learned optimism
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
8. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Nomothetic approach
3 personality theories
Type A personality
Kay Deaux
9. Somatotypes personality theory
William Sheldon
Phenomenological view (personality)
Alice Eagly
Bem Sex Role Inventory
10. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
William Sheldon
interactionists
Dispositional attribution
Gender and depression
11. Cognitive prototype approach
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Gender and depression
12. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Cognitive prototype approach
Personality
External locus of control
Self-handicapping
13. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Self-handicapping
Kay Deaux
Ectomorph
Gordon Allport
14. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Lexical approach
Taxonomies
Julian Rotter
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
15. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Idiographic approach
Gender and depression
Self-efficacy
Gordon Allport
16. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
Mirrors
Fundamental attribution error
Internal locus of control
17. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Consistency paradox
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Self-efficacy
Abraham Maslow
18. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Narcissism
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Fundamental attribution error
Implicit theories (personality)
19. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Dispositional attribution
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Self-monitoring
Alice Eagly
20. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Julian Rotter
Personality
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
trait
21. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Internal locus of control
Raymond Cattell
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
22. Critical of personality trait theory
Seymour Epstein
Big Five
Taxonomies
Gender and depression
23. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Proprium or propriate function
Big Five
Self-handicapping
Bem Sex Role Inventory
24. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Internal locus of control
Authoritarianism
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
George Kelley
25. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Endomorph
William Sheldon
Type A personality
Mesomorph
26. Learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
External locus of control
Self-monitoring
Kay Deaux
27. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Learned optimism
Julian Rotter
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Self-handicapping
28. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Type theory
Proprium or propriate function
Nomothetic approach
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
29. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
interactionists
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-awareness
Nomothetic approach
30. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Mesomorph
Learned helplessness
External locus of control
Sandra Bem
31. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Ectomorph
Implicit theories (personality)
3 personality theories
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
32. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Idiographic approach
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Endomorph
Abraham Maslow
33. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Hans Eysenck
Matina Horner
Dispositional attribution
personal constructs
34. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Henry Murray
dispositionist
Self-esteem
Learned helplessness
35. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
personal constructs
Seymour Epstein
trait
Alice Eagly
36. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Lexical approach
interactionists
Self-handicapping
Matina Horner
37. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Grant Dahlstrom
Type A personality
Phrenology
Raymond Cattell
38. Have a great need for arousal
dispositionist
Fundamental attribution error
Ectomorph
Stimulus-seeking individuals
39. Studied Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
interactionists
Proprium or propriate function
Trait hierarchy
40. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Self-handicapping
Grant Dahlstrom
interactionists
situationists
41. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
William Sheldon
Authoritarianism
Cognitive prototype approach
Alice Eagly
42. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Phrenology
Trait hierarchy
Mirrors
Ectomorph
43. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Raymond Cattell
Big Five
Self-efficacy
George Kelley
44. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Taxonomies
Gordon Allport
Phrenology
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
45. Personality changes little after age 30
Internal locus of control
Seymour Epstein
Costa and McCrae
Personality tests (2 types)
46. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Trait hierarchy
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Cognitive prototype approach
Hans Eysenck
47. Possessing both male and female qualities
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Androgynous
Cognitive prototype approach
Personality tests (2 types)
48. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
3 personality theories
Learned helplessness
George Kelley
49. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Self-efficacy
Trait hierarchy
Idiographic approach
Consistency paradox
50. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Gender and depression
Dispositional attribution
Proprium or propriate function
Ectomorph