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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Taxonomies
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Trait hierarchy
Gender and depression
2. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
situationists
3 personality theories
Lexical approach
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
3. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Endomorph
Henry Murray
Hans Eysenck
4. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Internal locus of control
Learned optimism
Abraham Maslow
Idiographic approach
5. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Learned helplessness
Abraham Maslow
Gordon Allport
6. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
3 personality theories
Ectomorph
Personality tests (2 types)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
7. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Grant Dahlstrom
Nomothetic approach
trait
Cognitive prototype approach
8. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Nomothetic approach
Ectomorph
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Cognitive prototype approach
9. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Proprium or propriate function
Internal locus of control
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Type theory
10. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Self-handicapping
Nomothetic approach
Fundamental attribution error
Mesomorph
11. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
12. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Hans Eysenck
Endomorph
dispositionist
Androgynous
13. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Self-efficacy
Ectomorph
Personality tests (2 types)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
14. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Hans Eysenck
Henry Murray
Authoritarianism
3 personality theories
15. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Androgynous
Consistency paradox
Nomothetic approach
Barnum effect
16. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Type A personality
Gordon Allport
Dispositional attribution
Internal locus of control
17. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Learned optimism
Self-efficacy
Androgynous
18. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Gordon Allport
Matina Horner
dispositionist
Cognitive prototype approach
19. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Twin studies
Self-consciousness
Barnum effect
Implicit theories (personality)
20. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Phenomenological view (personality)
Self-consciousness
Endomorph
Bem Sex Role Inventory
21. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Alice Eagly
Barnum effect
Self-efficacy
Mesomorph
22. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Costa and McCrae
George Kelley
dispositionist
Taxonomies
23. Studied Type A personality
Martin Seligman
Trait hierarchy
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Androgynous
24. Have a great need for arousal
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Gender and depression
George Kelley
Kay Deaux
25. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
situationists
Learned optimism
Self-monitoring
Gordon Allport
26. Somatotypes personality theory
William Sheldon
Narcissism
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Mesomorph
27. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Grant Dahlstrom
Self-monitoring
Dispositional attribution
Barnum effect
28. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Gordon Allport
Gender and depression
Fundamental attribution error
29. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Trait hierarchy
Costa and McCrae
Matina Horner
Learned optimism
30. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Personality tests (2 types)
Abraham Maslow
Endomorph
Implicit theories (personality)
31. External and internal locus of control
Gordon Allport
situationists
Julian Rotter
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
32. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Kay Deaux
Taxonomies
situationists
Stimulus-seeking individuals
33. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Self-esteem
George Kelley
personal constructs
Endomorph
34. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
interactionists
personal constructs
Self-efficacy
35. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
trait
Kay Deaux
Twin studies
36. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Gender and depression
Learned optimism
Mesomorph
Phenomenological view (personality)
37. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Endomorph
situationists
Alice Eagly
Implicit theories (personality)
38. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
3 personality theories
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Personality tests (2 types)
Type A personality
39. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Alice Eagly
dispositionist
Authoritarianism
Abraham Maslow
40. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Learned helplessness
Lexical approach
Kay Deaux
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
41. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-efficacy
Authoritarianism
Self-handicapping
trait
42. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Hans Eysenck
Implicit theories (personality)
Abraham Maslow
Twin studies
43. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Henry Murray
Ectomorph
Self-awareness
situationists
44. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Trait hierarchy
Lexical approach
Raymond Cattell
Self-consciousness
45. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Learned optimism
Sandra Bem
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Self-monitoring
46. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Dispositional attribution
Self-efficacy
dispositionist
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
47. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Lexical approach
William Sheldon
Kay Deaux
Narcissism
48. Hierarchy of needs
Phenomenological view (personality)
Abraham Maslow
dispositionist
Personality tests (2 types)
49. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Alice Eagly
Type theory
Lexical approach
Gender and depression
50. Cognitive prototype approach
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Idiographic approach
Type theory
Trait hierarchy