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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






2. Hierarchy of needs






3. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists






4. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts






5. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings






6. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






7. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences






8. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






9. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically






10. Studied Type A personality






11. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure






12. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






13. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior






14. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






15. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary






16. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics






17. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive






18. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social






19. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph


20. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently






21. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire






22. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations






23. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self






24. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality






25. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






26. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality






27. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)






28. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual






29. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






30. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure






31. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






32. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






33. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






34. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






35. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag






36. Only circumstances determine behavior






37. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men






38. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






39. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person






40. Cognitive prototype approach






41. Belief that one can effectively perform a task






42. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced






43. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes






44. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem






45. Critical of personality trait theory






46. Somatotypes personality theory






47. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism






48. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed






49. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations






50. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist