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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Lexical approach
Trait hierarchy
Learned optimism
Julian Rotter
2. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Seymour Epstein
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Type A personality
Narcissism
3. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Phenomenological view (personality)
Grant Dahlstrom
Matina Horner
Personality
4. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Implicit theories (personality)
Phrenology
Proprium or propriate function
Mesomorph
5. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
interactionists
Hans Eysenck
Lexical approach
Mesomorph
6. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Mesomorph
interactionists
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Gordon Allport
7. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Nomothetic approach
Self-handicapping
Cognitive prototype approach
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
8. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Idiographic approach
Proprium or propriate function
Nomothetic approach
9. Possessing both male and female qualities
Hans Eysenck
Ectomorph
Idiographic approach
Androgynous
10. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Self-awareness
Barnum effect
11. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Endomorph
Gender and depression
dispositionist
12. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Seymour Epstein
Henry Murray
Alice Eagly
Self-consciousness
13. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
3 personality theories
Phenomenological view (personality)
Endomorph
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
14. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
trait
Gender and depression
Consistency paradox
situationists
15. Learned helplessness
Self-handicapping
Personality tests (2 types)
Grant Dahlstrom
Martin Seligman
16. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
personal constructs
Henry Murray
Learned optimism
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
17. Only circumstances determine behavior
Phenomenological view (personality)
situationists
Henry Murray
Learned optimism
18. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Nomothetic approach
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Mirrors
Phrenology
19. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Alice Eagly
Taxonomies
dispositionist
Dispositional attribution
20. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
personal constructs
Kay Deaux
Gender and depression
Self-handicapping
21. Cognitive prototype approach
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Alice Eagly
22. Somatotypes personality theory
Matina Horner
William Sheldon
Dispositional attribution
Henry Murray
23. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
personal constructs
Barnum effect
Seymour Epstein
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
24. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Type theory
Type A personality
Internal locus of control
Grant Dahlstrom
25. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Androgynous
personal constructs
Dispositional attribution
Nomothetic approach
26. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Endomorph
Costa and McCrae
Phrenology
Proprium or propriate function
27. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
3 personality theories
Ectomorph
Bem Sex Role Inventory
28. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Type theory
Martin Seligman
Self-efficacy
Julian Rotter
29. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Henry Murray
External locus of control
William Sheldon
Sandra Bem
30. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Cognitive prototype approach
Seymour Epstein
Fundamental attribution error
Bem Sex Role Inventory
31. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
dispositionist
Gordon Allport
Taxonomies
Self-efficacy
32. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Seymour Epstein
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
dispositionist
Hans Eysenck
33. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
George Kelley
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Phenomenological view (personality)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
34. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Ectomorph
Lexical approach
Self-monitoring
Personality tests (2 types)
35. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
36. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Raymond Cattell
Hans Eysenck
Endomorph
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
37. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Phrenology
Alice Eagly
Personality tests (2 types)
dispositionist
38. Personality changes little after age 30
Taxonomies
Costa and McCrae
Raymond Cattell
Self-esteem
39. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Twin studies
Hans Eysenck
Ectomorph
40. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Implicit theories (personality)
Hans Eysenck
Proprium or propriate function
Twin studies
41. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Trait hierarchy
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Mesomorph
Type A personality
42. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Androgynous
Twin studies
Learned helplessness
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
43. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Narcissism
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Self-consciousness
44. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Ectomorph
Barnum effect
Henry Murray
External locus of control
45. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Mesomorph
Self-consciousness
Costa and McCrae
Type theory
46. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Type theory
Dispositional attribution
Ectomorph
Androgynous
47. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Dispositional attribution
Personality
Self-esteem
Consistency paradox
48. Critical of personality trait theory
Dispositional attribution
George Kelley
Abraham Maslow
Seymour Epstein
49. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Barnum effect
Matina Horner
Seymour Epstein
Learned helplessness
50. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Phenomenological view (personality)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Kay Deaux
Grant Dahlstrom