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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Internal locus of control
Cognitive prototype approach
Julian Rotter
External locus of control
2. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Self-awareness
Seymour Epstein
Kay Deaux
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
3. Critical of personality trait theory
Self-awareness
Lexical approach
Phrenology
Seymour Epstein
4. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Self-consciousness
dispositionist
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Costa and McCrae
5. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Hans Eysenck
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-handicapping
Gender and depression
6. Studied Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Matina Horner
Phrenology
Self-monitoring
7. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Kay Deaux
interactionists
Grant Dahlstrom
Implicit theories (personality)
8. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Self-monitoring
Phrenology
Matina Horner
9. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Twin studies
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Henry Murray
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
10. Somatotypes personality theory
3 personality theories
Personality tests (2 types)
William Sheldon
Henry Murray
11. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Personality tests (2 types)
Hans Eysenck
Nomothetic approach
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
12. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
dispositionist
Twin studies
Internal locus of control
interactionists
13. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Seymour Epstein
Learned optimism
Androgynous
3 personality theories
14. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Mesomorph
Sandra Bem
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
15. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Implicit theories (personality)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Cognitive prototype approach
Lexical approach
16. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Type theory
Implicit theories (personality)
Gordon Allport
Internal locus of control
17. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Abraham Maslow
dispositionist
Mirrors
Gordon Allport
18. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Implicit theories (personality)
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Fundamental attribution error
Big Five
19. Cognitive prototype approach
Matina Horner
Costa and McCrae
Consistency paradox
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
20. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
dispositionist
Self-consciousness
Narcissism
Gordon Allport
21. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Learned optimism
Abraham Maslow
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Twin studies
22. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Androgynous
interactionists
Julian Rotter
Phrenology
23. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Alice Eagly
Lexical approach
Henry Murray
Self-handicapping
24. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
Endomorph
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Personality tests (2 types)
25. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
26. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Self-efficacy
Endomorph
Trait hierarchy
Taxonomies
27. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Internal locus of control
Matina Horner
Idiographic approach
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
28. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Phenomenological view (personality)
Raymond Cattell
Taxonomies
29. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Authoritarianism
Trait hierarchy
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Kay Deaux
30. Hierarchy of needs
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Authoritarianism
Martin Seligman
Abraham Maslow
31. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Seymour Epstein
personal constructs
Hans Eysenck
Dispositional attribution
32. Have a great need for arousal
Ectomorph
3 personality theories
Phrenology
Stimulus-seeking individuals
33. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Authoritarianism
Self-handicapping
34. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Internal locus of control
Fundamental attribution error
Trait hierarchy
Implicit theories (personality)
35. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Narcissism
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Martin Seligman
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
36. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Trait hierarchy
Learned optimism
Taxonomies
37. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-awareness
Dispositional attribution
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Matina Horner
38. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
Proprium or propriate function
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Seymour Epstein
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
39. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Fundamental attribution error
Kay Deaux
40. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
dispositionist
Matina Horner
Endomorph
Type theory
41. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
situationists
trait
42. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-consciousness
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Self-monitoring
William Sheldon
43. Learned helplessness
Fundamental attribution error
Nomothetic approach
Self-esteem
Martin Seligman
44. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Sandra Bem
Hans Eysenck
situationists
Barnum effect
45. Personality changes little after age 30
Self-esteem
Hans Eysenck
Costa and McCrae
Big Five
46. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
3 personality theories
Twin studies
Gender and depression
Ectomorph
47. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Dispositional attribution
Taxonomies
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
48. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Dispositional attribution
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Androgynous
49. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
situationists
Learned helplessness
Authoritarianism
Idiographic approach
50. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Sandra Bem
Big Five
Bem Sex Role Inventory
dispositionist