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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Internal locus of control
Gordon Allport
Big Five
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
2. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Sandra Bem
Implicit theories (personality)
Self-esteem
Alice Eagly
3. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Idiographic approach
dispositionist
Mesomorph
Learned optimism
4. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Self-efficacy
Gender and depression
Ectomorph
Learned optimism
5. Learned helplessness
Abraham Maslow
Seymour Epstein
Martin Seligman
Personality tests (2 types)
6. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Grant Dahlstrom
Self-monitoring
Mesomorph
Taxonomies
7. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Trait hierarchy
Self-monitoring
Personality
Internal locus of control
8. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Androgynous
Big Five
George Kelley
9. Hierarchy of needs
Nomothetic approach
Abraham Maslow
Personality
Gender and depression
10. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Alice Eagly
Gender and depression
Fundamental attribution error
Lexical approach
11. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Taxonomies
Type theory
Self-efficacy
situationists
12. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Grant Dahlstrom
Mirrors
13. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Internal locus of control
Authoritarianism
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Kay Deaux
14. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Self-efficacy
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Alice Eagly
Julian Rotter
15. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Gender and depression
Proprium or propriate function
Internal locus of control
Twin studies
16. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Type theory
3 personality theories
Learned optimism
Bem Sex Role Inventory
17. Personality changes little after age 30
Androgynous
Costa and McCrae
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Seymour Epstein
18. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Type A personality
Idiographic approach
External locus of control
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
19. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Phenomenological view (personality)
Self-esteem
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
20. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Julian Rotter
Endomorph
situationists
Self-esteem
21. Only circumstances determine behavior
situationists
Androgynous
Authoritarianism
George Kelley
22. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Personality tests (2 types)
William Sheldon
Self-awareness
Type A personality
23. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
External locus of control
Idiographic approach
Hans Eysenck
Nomothetic approach
24. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
Phrenology
Kay Deaux
Matina Horner
25. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Dispositional attribution
Sandra Bem
Consistency paradox
trait
26. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Narcissism
William Sheldon
Fundamental attribution error
Personality
27. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Mirrors
Implicit theories (personality)
Self-consciousness
Dispositional attribution
28. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Internal locus of control
interactionists
situationists
Self-awareness
29. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
trait
Learned helplessness
Matina Horner
interactionists
30. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Mirrors
3 personality theories
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Raymond Cattell
31. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Sandra Bem
trait
Grant Dahlstrom
Proprium or propriate function
32. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Lexical approach
Phenomenological view (personality)
Mirrors
Narcissism
33. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Cognitive prototype approach
Alice Eagly
dispositionist
34. Critical of personality trait theory
Internal locus of control
Seymour Epstein
Taxonomies
Mesomorph
35. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Self-consciousness
Self-efficacy
Twin studies
36. Cognitive prototype approach
Self-awareness
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Gordon Allport
Narcissism
37. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Phenomenological view (personality)
Dispositional attribution
Type A personality
Bem Sex Role Inventory
38. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Cognitive prototype approach
Type A personality
Self-awareness
Grant Dahlstrom
39. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Lexical approach
External locus of control
Trait hierarchy
Narcissism
40. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Personality
George Kelley
Martin Seligman
Learned helplessness
41. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Mesomorph
Personality
Raymond Cattell
Learned optimism
42. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Self-esteem
Self-efficacy
Twin studies
Mirrors
43. Have a great need for arousal
Nomothetic approach
Stimulus-seeking individuals
dispositionist
situationists
44. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Phrenology
Kay Deaux
Authoritarianism
45. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Lexical approach
Internal locus of control
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
46. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Self-handicapping
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Hans Eysenck
personal constructs
47. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Mirrors
Grant Dahlstrom
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
George Kelley
48. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
personal constructs
Julian Rotter
Self-esteem
3 personality theories
49. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Mirrors
Mesomorph
Self-awareness
interactionists
50. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Martin Seligman
Nomothetic approach
Kay Deaux