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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire






2. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)






3. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition






4. Possessing both male and female qualities






5. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






6. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations






7. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






8. Belief that one can effectively perform a task






9. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






10. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality






11. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience






12. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






13. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






14. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-






15. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist






16. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






17. Only circumstances determine behavior






18. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






19. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual






20. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior






21. Learned helplessness






22. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social






23. Critical of personality trait theory






24. External and internal locus of control






25. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically






26. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






27. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






28. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality






29. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph


30. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person






31. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem






32. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations






33. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive






34. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






35. Studied Type A personality






36. Cognitive training against learned helplessness






37. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced






38. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






39. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag






40. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences






41. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






42. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)






43. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






44. Cognitive prototype approach






45. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure






46. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






47. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes






48. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently






49. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






50. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness