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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Type A personality
William Sheldon
Barnum effect
Kay Deaux
2. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Big Five
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
situationists
3. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
4. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Costa and McCrae
George Kelley
Learned optimism
Big Five
5. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Gender and depression
William Sheldon
Mesomorph
Type A personality
6. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Phrenology
3 personality theories
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Gordon Allport
7. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Raymond Cattell
Twin studies
Idiographic approach
8. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Matina Horner
Gender and depression
George Kelley
Self-monitoring
9. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Lexical approach
Taxonomies
Self-handicapping
Self-awareness
10. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Self-monitoring
Twin studies
Cognitive prototype approach
Seymour Epstein
11. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Fundamental attribution error
Grant Dahlstrom
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Idiographic approach
12. Critical of personality trait theory
Consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein
Nomothetic approach
personal constructs
13. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
3 personality theories
Seymour Epstein
Narcissism
Cognitive prototype approach
14. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Self-monitoring
Type A personality
Learned helplessness
Fundamental attribution error
15. External and internal locus of control
Endomorph
Self-monitoring
George Kelley
Julian Rotter
16. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Personality
Ectomorph
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
17. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Self-esteem
trait
situationists
Phrenology
18. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
trait
situationists
Mesomorph
Authoritarianism
19. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
interactionists
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Dispositional attribution
20. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Ectomorph
Self-esteem
Nomothetic approach
Sandra Bem
21. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-consciousness
Barnum effect
Twin studies
Self-handicapping
22. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Endomorph
situationists
Costa and McCrae
Self-consciousness
23. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Raymond Cattell
Martin Seligman
Mirrors
Fundamental attribution error
24. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Grant Dahlstrom
Self-monitoring
Alice Eagly
interactionists
25. Have a great need for arousal
Type A personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Phrenology
Internal locus of control
26. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Phenomenological view (personality)
Martin Seligman
Fundamental attribution error
Alice Eagly
27. Personality changes little after age 30
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Costa and McCrae
Personality tests (2 types)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
28. Only circumstances determine behavior
Trait hierarchy
Alice Eagly
situationists
George Kelley
29. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
External locus of control
Internal locus of control
Proprium or propriate function
Consistency paradox
30. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Self-handicapping
Fundamental attribution error
Consistency paradox
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
31. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-awareness
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
32. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Learned optimism
Dispositional attribution
Lexical approach
External locus of control
33. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Learned helplessness
Endomorph
Self-efficacy
34. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Implicit theories (personality)
Endomorph
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
35. Somatotypes personality theory
Barnum effect
Hans Eysenck
William Sheldon
Self-consciousness
36. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
External locus of control
Mesomorph
trait
Type theory
37. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Taxonomies
Internal locus of control
personal constructs
Self-consciousness
38. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Taxonomies
Matina Horner
dispositionist
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
39. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Authoritarianism
Gordon Allport
Ectomorph
Self-efficacy
40. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Seymour Epstein
Dispositional attribution
Twin studies
Androgynous
41. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Lexical approach
Consistency paradox
Self-consciousness
Idiographic approach
42. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Henry Murray
Gender and depression
trait
Self-efficacy
43. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
dispositionist
Raymond Cattell
Self-awareness
Abraham Maslow
44. Studied Type A personality
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Narcissism
Nomothetic approach
Bem Sex Role Inventory
45. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations
Consistency paradox
interactionists
Hans Eysenck
Internal locus of control
46. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Stimulus-seeking individuals
External locus of control
Proprium or propriate function
trait
47. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Endomorph
Proprium or propriate function
Sandra Bem
Internal locus of control
48. Hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Fundamental attribution error
Implicit theories (personality)
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
49. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Personality
Self-esteem
Authoritarianism
Julian Rotter
50. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Consistency paradox
Learned optimism
Self-monitoring
Trait hierarchy