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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Have a great need for arousal
personal constructs
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Raymond Cattell
2. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Personality tests (2 types)
Julian Rotter
Proprium or propriate function
External locus of control
3. Only circumstances determine behavior
Gender and depression
Abraham Maslow
situationists
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
4. Critical of personality trait theory
dispositionist
George Kelley
Seymour Epstein
Twin studies
5. Somatotypes personality theory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Alice Eagly
Gender and depression
William Sheldon
6. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Lexical approach
Ectomorph
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Big Five
7. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Nomothetic approach
Self-handicapping
Cognitive prototype approach
Grant Dahlstrom
8. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Idiographic approach
Big Five
Grant Dahlstrom
Type theory
9. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Type A personality
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Henry Murray
Kay Deaux
10. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
Barnum effect
Gender and depression
Type theory
Self-consciousness
11. Learned helplessness
Big Five
situationists
Martin Seligman
Mirrors
12. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-handicapping
Learned helplessness
Consistency paradox
External locus of control
13. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Twin studies
Endomorph
Mesomorph
Costa and McCrae
14. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
trait
Narcissism
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
15. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
dispositionist
Big Five
personal constructs
Learned helplessness
16. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Abraham Maslow
dispositionist
17. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Narcissism
Alice Eagly
Kay Deaux
Abraham Maslow
18. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Self-esteem
Raymond Cattell
Narcissism
Learned helplessness
19. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Grant Dahlstrom
Type theory
Ectomorph
Gordon Allport
20. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Big Five
Taxonomies
Type theory
Hans Eysenck
21. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Implicit theories (personality)
Costa and McCrae
Grant Dahlstrom
22. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Authoritarianism
George Kelley
Phrenology
Gordon Allport
23. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Phenomenological view (personality)
Dispositional attribution
Narcissism
24. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)
Self-monitoring
Trait hierarchy
Grant Dahlstrom
Gender and depression
25. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Phenomenological view (personality)
Alice Eagly
Mirrors
Raymond Cattell
26. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
Consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Barnum effect
27. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Costa and McCrae
Internal locus of control
Matina Horner
28. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
trait
Self-awareness
Type theory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
29. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Self-handicapping
Grant Dahlstrom
Cognitive prototype approach
Alice Eagly
30. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Julian Rotter
Stimulus-seeking individuals
31. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Hans Eysenck
trait
Alice Eagly
Learned helplessness
32. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Twin studies
Dispositional attribution
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
External locus of control
33. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Type A personality
Personality tests (2 types)
Learned optimism
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
34. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
situationists
Type A personality
35. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Self-consciousness
Mesomorph
Authoritarianism
Mirrors
36. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
37. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
interactionists
Endomorph
Self-efficacy
Androgynous
38. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Henry Murray
trait
Idiographic approach
Self-efficacy
39. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Type theory
Seymour Epstein
3 personality theories
40. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Fundamental attribution error
situationists
Hans Eysenck
3 personality theories
41. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
dispositionist
Raymond Cattell
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
42. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Raymond Cattell
Phenomenological view (personality)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Kay Deaux
43. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Learned helplessness
Self-efficacy
44. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Dispositional attribution
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Phrenology
Alice Eagly
45. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Self-esteem
Twin studies
Learned helplessness
Abraham Maslow
46. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Learned optimism
Personality tests (2 types)
Hans Eysenck
George Kelley
47. Cognitive prototype approach
Ectomorph
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Gender and depression
Self-monitoring
48. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact
Twin studies
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Mesomorph
Consistency paradox
49. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Learned helplessness
George Kelley
Matina Horner
Cognitive prototype approach
50. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Authoritarianism
Gordon Allport
Internal locus of control
Twin studies