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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






2. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






3. External and internal locus of control






4. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






5. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)






6. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social






7. Hierarchy of needs






8. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






9. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






10. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently






11. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes






12. Personality changes little after age 30






13. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph


14. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






15. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






16. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness






17. Somatotypes personality theory






18. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag






19. Cognitive training against learned helplessness






20. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






21. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality






22. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem






23. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






24. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality






25. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations






26. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






27. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations






28. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-






29. Cognitive prototype approach






30. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality






31. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






32. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations






33. Learned helplessness






34. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist






35. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)






36. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure






37. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists






38. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed






39. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour






40. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts






41. Only circumstances determine behavior






42. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men






43. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






44. Studied Type A personality






45. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)






46. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual






47. Critical of personality trait theory






48. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary






49. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person






50. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically