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GRE Psychology: Personality

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine






2. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing






3. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual






4. Cognitive training against learned helplessness






5. Critical of personality trait theory






6. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed






7. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame






8. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure






9. Somatotypes personality theory






10. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience






11. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability






12. Hierarchy of needs






13. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist






14. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics






15. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox






16. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






17. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory






18. In the forefront -a combination of stable - internal factors and situations






19. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure






20. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem






21. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently






22. Have a great need for arousal






23. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-






24. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition






25. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self






26. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings






27. External and internal locus of control






28. At the top a cardinal trait (always consistent) - then central traits - then secondary traits (may conflict)






29. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra






30. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)






31. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior






32. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)






33. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)






34. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems






35. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result






36. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us






37. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced






38. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically






39. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences






40. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'






41. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations






42. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social






43. Learned helplessness






44. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men






45. Only circumstances determine behavior






46. Shows heritability of personality about 40-50% - identical twins separated at birth; 'Jim' twins had wives and dogs with same name - and same habits; differences shows environmental impact






47. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary






48. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality






49. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-






50. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes