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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Costa and McCrae
personal constructs
Taxonomies
Type theory
2. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Self-efficacy
Cognitive prototype approach
Dispositional attribution
Raymond Cattell
3. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
Big Five
Endomorph
Henry Murray
Costa and McCrae
4. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Learned helplessness
Self-handicapping
Self-monitoring
Barnum effect
5. Suggested personality typology based on personal activity and social interest; ruling-dominant type (choleric; high-low) - getting-learning type (phlegmatic; low-high) - avoiding type (melancholic; low-low) - and socially useful type (sanguine; high-
Julian Rotter
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Barnum effect
Type theory
6. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Fundamental attribution error
Self-efficacy
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Mirrors
7. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
trait
Twin studies
External locus of control
Learned helplessness
8. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
Lexical approach
Phenomenological view (personality)
William Sheldon
Costa and McCrae
9. Originally dominated personality theory (Hippocrates) - many placed into type categories based on physical appearance; including using phrenology and somatotypes
Mesomorph
Type theory
Trait hierarchy
Dispositional attribution
10. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Gordon Allport
Ectomorph
Henry Murray
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
11. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Martin Seligman
trait
Henry Murray
12. Muscular - athletic means energetic - aggressive
Mesomorph
Gender and depression
Abraham Maslow
Kay Deaux
13. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Cognitive prototype approach
Authoritarianism
Learned optimism
Big Five
14. Picking all possible traits out of dictionary
Trait hierarchy
Internal locus of control
Mesomorph
Lexical approach
15. The disposition to view the world as full of power relationships - measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale); - these individuals are either highly domineering (if top dog of situation) or submissive (as if they are in presence of a more powerfulfigure
Endomorph
Self-monitoring
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Authoritarianism
16. Only circumstances determine behavior
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
situationists
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Ectomorph
17. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
18. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
personal constructs
situationists
Sandra Bem
Henry Murray
19. Cognitive prototype approach
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Consistency paradox
External locus of control
Type theory
20. Allport; his version of the ego - believed it acted relatively consistently based on traits developed through experience
interactionists
Cognitive prototype approach
Proprium or propriate function
Learned helplessness
21. Hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Lexical approach
External locus of control
Grant Dahlstrom
22. Characterized by drive - competitiveness - aggressiveness - tension - hostility; found - most common in middle to upper class men
Martin Seligman
Type A personality
Alice Eagly
Endomorph
23. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Type theory
Twin studies
Personality tests (2 types)
Self-awareness
24. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Alice Eagly
Lexical approach
situationists
Matina Horner
25. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
Authoritarianism
William Sheldon
Matina Horner
George Kelley
26. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Gender and depression
Matina Horner
Cognitive prototype approach
Self-handicapping
27. Capture individual'S unique - defining characteristics
Personality tests (2 types)
Kay Deaux
External locus of control
Idiographic approach
28. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Self-awareness
Alice Eagly
Self-efficacy
Androgynous
29. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Dispositional attribution
Type theory
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
30. A trait; how often one generally becomes self-aware; very - if you pay a lot of attention to your self
Self-consciousness
Cognitive prototype approach
Authoritarianism
Type theory
31. Organized categorization systems - by statistical techniques for personality
Lexical approach
Taxonomies
Nomothetic approach
Bem Sex Role Inventory
32. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Henry Murray
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
33. Linked Type A personality to heart disease and other health problems
Self-efficacy
Self-monitoring
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Grant Dahlstrom
34. Personality changes little after age 30
Trait hierarchy
Costa and McCrae
interactionists
Julian Rotter
35. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Proprium or propriate function
Self-efficacy
Type theory
personal constructs
36. Somatotypes personality theory
William Sheldon
Grant Dahlstrom
Barnum effect
Self-monitoring
37. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Learned optimism
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Seymour Epstein
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
38. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
personal constructs
Type theory
Lexical approach
Personality
39. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Gender and depression
Hans Eysenck
Learned optimism
Dispositional attribution
40. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Self-esteem
Phenomenological view (personality)
Raymond Cattell
Personality
41. Superfactors - 5 dimensions that encompass all of personality; superordinate traits or facets; O-dimension (openness to experience - intellectual curiosity) - C-dimension (conscientiousness) - E-dimension (extroversion - enthusiasm) - A-dimension (ag
Phenomenological view (personality)
Big Five
William Sheldon
Stimulus-seeking individuals
42. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
personal constructs
Type A personality
William Sheldon
43. External and internal locus of control
Self-esteem
Proprium or propriate function
Henry Murray
Julian Rotter
44. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Kay Deaux
Self-awareness
Stimulus-seeking individuals
45. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Raymond Cattell
Self-esteem
Alice Eagly
Personality tests (2 types)
46. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Dispositional attribution
Gender and depression
George Kelley
Implicit theories (personality)
47. Possessing both male and female qualities
Gender and depression
Androgynous
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Mirrors
48. Skinny - fragile means inhibited - intellectual
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Self-handicapping
Implicit theories (personality)
Ectomorph
49. Critical of personality trait theory
dispositionist
Mesomorph
Nomothetic approach
Seymour Epstein
50. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Authoritarianism
Phrenology
Nomothetic approach
External locus of control