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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Personality
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Suggested females shun masculine-type successes not because of fear or failure or lack of interest - but they fear success and its negative repercussions (i.e. resentment and rejection)
Trait hierarchy
Consistency paradox
Matina Horner
dispositionist
2. A state; temporary condition of being aware of how you are thinking - feeling or doing
Proprium or propriate function
Internal locus of control
Self-awareness
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
3. Used factor analysis to identify underlying traits of 2 personality-type dimensions (introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable [neuroticism]); - two dimensions formed a cross and four quadrants of phlegmatic - melancholic - choleric - sanguine
Hans Eysenck
Matina Horner
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
Proprium or propriate function
4. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as outcome of own actions; too much breeds self-blame
Nomothetic approach
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
Fundamental attribution error
Internal locus of control
5. Sheldon; personality based on body types - three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph - mesomorph - ectomorph
6. Personality characteristic - causes one to view events as result of luck or fate; too much breeds helplessness
Lexical approach
Learned optimism
Matina Horner
External locus of control
7. Found interaction between gender and social status - how easily an individual might be influenced
Julian Rotter
Proprium or propriate function
George Kelley
Alice Eagly
8. People often make assumptions about the dispositions of an individual based on the actions of that person
Grant Dahlstrom
Type theory
Implicit theories (personality)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
9. Used factor analysis in data reduction of Allport'S 5000 traits; identified 16 bipolar source traits (e.g. relaxed-tense) that seemed to underlie all; 16 personality factors tested in personality questionnaire
Consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein
Kay Deaux
Raymond Cattell
10. Conscious ideas about the self - others and situations
Proprium or propriate function
Consistency paradox
personal constructs
Fundamental attribution error
11. Belief that one can effectively perform a task
Gordon Allport
Self-efficacy
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Stimulus-seeking individuals
12. Focuses on individual'S unique self and experiences
3 personality theories
Julian Rotter
Phenomenological view (personality)
Type A personality
13. Possibility that a person may behave inconsistently - presents problems for labelling people as one internal disposition
Dispositional attribution
Julian Rotter
Consistency paradox
Sandra Bem
14. Experience can change people'S personalities; after a series of events one feels helpless or out of control - negative or pessimistic explanatory style develops; gives up in general - exhibits helpless disposition; countered with learned optimism
Dispositional attribution
Costa and McCrae
Learned helplessness
Mirrors
15. Relatively stable characteristics of behavior that a person exhibits (trait is stable - state is more of temporary feeling or characteristics)
Self-consciousness
3 personality theories
trait
interactionists
16. Uses large numbers of people to study commonalities of personality
Nomothetic approach
Self-esteem
Gordon Allport
Alice Eagly
17. Have a great need for arousal
Stimulus-seeking individuals
Self-efficacy
Gender and depression
Martin Seligman
18. Somatotypes personality theory
Androgynous
Mesomorph
Barnum effect
William Sheldon
19. Personal constructs determine personality and behaviour
George Kelley
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Idiographic approach
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
20. To show personality traits exist in a person - show person exhibits those traits in a variety of situations; cognitive behaviour (e.g. formulation of and attention to prototypes) is examined in social situations; - consistency of behaviour is result
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Grant Dahlstrom
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Cognitive prototype approach
21. women'S success at 'male' tasks attributed to luck - - while men'S success attributed to skill; Suggesting - gender is a social construct that colours interpretations; - women attribute successes to luck more than men indicating they have lower self-
Learned helplessness
Kay Deaux
Big Five
Idiographic approach
22. Tendency to agree with and accept provided personality interpretations
personal constructs
Taxonomies
Barnum effect
Endomorph
23. Emphasized idiographic approach to personality theory - as opposed to nomothetic; conscious motives governed by proprium or propriate function; lexical approach (5000 possible traits) - determined trait hierarchy of cardinal - central - secondary tra
Gordon Allport
Abraham Maslow
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Dispositional attribution
24. Fundamental attribution error; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
Authoritarianism
Somatotypes (personality theory' +types)
Dispositional attribution
25. Believing you are better than you are or look better than you do; unrealistic self-esteem
Nomothetic approach
Internal locus of control
situationists
Narcissism
26. Many argue that there is no true gender differences - children are reinforced for stereotypical behaviors - prevailing pov -> interactionist
Grant Dahlstrom
personal constructs
Big Five
Nature-nurture debate in terms of personality
27. Self-defeating behaviour that allows one to dismiss or excuse failure
Self-handicapping
trait
Grant Dahlstrom
Trait hierarchy
28. Possessing both male and female qualities
Androgynous
Twin studies
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Bem Sex Role Inventory
29. Cognitive training against learned helplessness
Learned optimism
Grant Dahlstrom
Phenomenological view (personality)
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
30. Scrutiny of own behaviour - motivation to act appropriately rather than honestly - ability to mask true feelings
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
Implicit theories (personality)
Self-monitoring
Henry Murray
31. Women are twice as likely as men to become depressed
Ectomorph
Gender and depression
Barnum effect
Twin studies
32. Practice of examining head and skull shape to discern personality
Self-handicapping
Gordon Allport
Androgynous
Phrenology
33. Studies androgyny; created Bem Sex Role Inventory
Sandra Bem
Lexical approach
William Sheldon
Kay Deaux
34. Hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
interactionists
George Kelley
Henry Murray
35. Criticized trait and type theories that both assume behaviour is stable across situations and people fail to take circumstances into account; - studies show that people often act different in different situations; consistency paradox
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Consistency paradox
Phrenology
Gordon Allport
36. Dispositional attribution; tendency for others to think actions are caused more by personality than situation (e.g. lie because he is a liar - not because of the situation)
Fundamental attribution error
Narcissism
Matina Horner
Phrenology
37. External and internal locus of control
Julian Rotter
Phenomenological view (personality)
Mirrors
Self-consciousness
38. Knowing you are worthwhile and in touch with strengths; 50% perceive selves accurately - 35% narcissistically
Personality tests (2 types)
Self-esteem
dispositionist
Stimulus-seeking individuals
39. Generally make people more self-aware; small mirror - not so self-aware since its common - large mirror - very self-aware since we see a view of ourselves as others see us
Learned optimism
dispositionist
Mirrors
Matina Horner
40. Personality changes little after age 30
trait
Phrenology
Costa and McCrae
Proprium or propriate function
41. 1) dispositionist 2) situationist 3) interactionists
George Kelley
3 personality theories
Cognitive prototype approach
Proprium or propriate function
42. Found few sex differences existed that could not be explained by simple social learning; - most consistent difference that seems independent of social influence is that females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability
Seymour Epstein
Phrenology
Alice Eagly
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
43. Cognitive prototype approach
Alfred Adler (personality typology; +types)
personal constructs
Walter Mischel and Nancy Cantor
Endomorph
44. Ambiguous story cards - people project own 'needs'
Learned optimism
Dispositional attribution
interactionists
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
45. Sheldon - Somatotypes' short - plump means pleasure-seeking - social
3 personality theories
Endomorph
interactionists
Hans Eysenck
46. Studied Type A personality
Self-consciousness
Alice Eagly
Ectomorph
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenmean
47. Androgynous individuals have higher self-esteem - lower anxiety - more adaptability than their highly masculine or feminine counterparts
Self-awareness
Consistency paradox
Bem Sex Role Inventory
Personality
48. The study of why people act the way that they do and why different people act differently
Seymour Epstein and Walter Mischel
Personality
William Sheldon
Type theory
49. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Henry Murray
Consistency paradox
Kay Deaux
Ectomorph
50. People who emphasize internal determinants of behavior
Mesomorph
dispositionist
Learned optimism
Sandra Bem