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Health Fitness Specialist

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Whis is appendicular skeleton?
Arms - legs - pectoral and pelvic girdles. most long bones are here.
(1) an increase in cardiac output - (2) vasodilation of skeletal muscle arterioles - (3) vasoconstriction of arterioles in the viscera and skin.
Chest/pec; midaxillary; abdominal; suprailiac; subscapular; triceps brachii; biceps brachii; thigh; calf
Terminates in Purkinje fibers

2. Myosin
A pathologic or anatomic description marked by abnormal permanent enlargement of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli accompanied by destruction of the lung parenchyma.
Lower stroke volume due to higher heart rate; resting HR and exercise HR are higher in children; are less efficient than adults at temperature regulation; poorer tolerance for exercise in heat
Small veins - carry blood from capillaries to veins
Thick filament; part of contractile muscle

3. What is axial skeleton?
Macrominerals
Contractile proteins; form crossbridges and slide past one another during contraction
Bones of the skull - vertebral column - ribs - and sternum
Large and extraordinary purches of durable items with an extended useful life - like exercise equipment

4. Failure to spot or assist a client may be considered...? (legal term)
The progressive reduction in voluntary drive to motor neurons during exercise
Ventricular muscle depolarization
Negligence by omission
Bronchiole

5. What is Bruce Protocol?
Treadmill test where grade and speed are increased at 3 minute intervals.
Where the exchange of nutrients occurs between blood and tissue
Thin filament; part of contractile muscle
Is contractile heart movement - blood is leaving the heart

6. Diastolic
Setting a series of intermediate goals that lead to a long-term goal
<40% mg/dL
Is relaxation or blood filling the heart
Type I

7. RICES
When a site in the ventricle fires before the next wave of depolarization from the sinus node reaches the ventricle
Variant
Chest/pec; midaxillary; abdominal; suprailiac; subscapular; triceps brachii; biceps brachii; thigh; calf
Rest - Ice - Compression - Elevation - Stabilization

8. Diastolic during exercise
Anterior (front) and posterior (back)
10-15% of daily intake; .8 g/kg of body wt.; athletes may need 1.2 - 1.4 for endurance and 1.6-1.7 for strength; 4 cal/gram
Belt length (inches) x number of revolutions per minute 1 -056 (the conversion of inches per minute to miles per hour)
Should remain unchanged

9. Non-capital expense
Fash-twitch glycolytic
A pathologic or anatomic description marked by abnormal permanent enlargement of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli accompanied by destruction of the lung parenchyma.
Hyperkyphosis (exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature) and hyperlordosis (exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature).
Day-to-day operational expenses (i.e. - medical and exercise supplies - stationary)

10. Motor neuron
Destruction of the parenchyma
Are unchanged day to day - month to month
Is volume of blood remaining in each ventricle after contraction
Ends at synaptic knob containing Ach

11. A P-Wave represents...
Includes the bones of the skull - vertebral column - ribs - and sternum. Protects organ systems
1. Bench Press 2. Push up 3. Curl-up
Atrial depolarization
70 mL

12. Transtheoretical Model - Cognitive processes (5)
1. consciousness raising 2. dramatic relief 3. environmental re-evaluation 4. self-revolution 5. social liberation
Regulatory filaments; with calcium are stored in sarcoplasmic reticulum; binds to troponin
Right and left portions
Motor unit stimulated continuously

13. What is syncope?
Stroke volume
Progressive increase in SBP - no change or slight decrease in DBP - and a widening of the pulse pressure.
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation: Tense/Relax method - often referred to as partner stretching.
Partial or complete loss of consciousness with interruption of awareness of oneself and ones surroundings.

14. Transtheoretical Model - Cognitive processes (5)
Abduction - eversion - and dorsiflexion
Upper (superior) and lower (inferior)
1. consciousness raising 2. dramatic relief 3. environmental re-evaluation 4. self-revolution 5. social liberation
Where communication between motor neuron and skeletal muscle occurs

15. Lordosis
Superior and inferior venae cavae - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonic semilunar valve - pulmonary arteries - and lungs
Originates in the sinoatrial (SA) node.
Multiplying by 0.0254
Curves of the cervical and lumbar regions. Considered secondary curves

16. In terms of chronological age - early childhood is usually described as ?
Multiplying by 2.54
Amount of blood in each ventricle at end of resting phase.
1 to 6 years
Dividing by 6.0

17. Venules
Small veins - carry blood from capillaries to veins
Abduction - eversion - and dorsiflexion
Tachycardia - excessive sweating (diaphoresis) - light-headedness - visual disturbances
Are unchanged day to day - month to month

18. Determining treadmill speed formula...
The amount of blood left in the ventricle right after ventricular contraction.
Belt length (inches) x number of revolutions per minute 1 -056 (the conversion of inches per minute to miles per hour)
Breaks the duty owed to someone
Curves of the thoracic and sacral regions. Considered primary curves

19. Capillary
Shortness of breath
Is dependent on exercise intensity; may exceed 200; terminate if over or equal to 260 or significant drop
Acetone odor on breath - confusion - slurred speech
Blood vessel that is composed of one cell layer and functions to exchange nutrients and waste materials between blood and tissues

20. Five A's of counseling`
Initiating depolarization of the myocardium.
Address agenda - assess - advise - assist - arrange follow up
A type of ventricular tachycardia in which the appearance of the complexes are somewhat 'twisted' - thus the name 'torsade.'
1 to 6 years

21. Carbs
The coordinated capacity of the heart - blood vessels - respiratory system - and tissue metabolic systems to take in - deliver - and use oxygen.
St segment depression
45 - 65% of daily energy intake; 70% for athletes; 4 cal/gram
(1) an increase in cardiac output - (2) vasodilation of skeletal muscle arterioles - (3) vasoconstriction of arterioles in the viscera and skin.

22. Summation
Motor unit has more than one stimulus
Carry blood toward the heart
When a motor unit is stimulated by a single nerve impusle
Alveoli

23. Muscle fibers
Has 29 bones
Type I = slow twitch and high oxidative Type IIB = fast twitch with low oxidative Type IIA = intermediate - with twitch and oxidative property - bridge between I and II Type IIx to Type IIA = from endurance and resistance training
1. Bench Press 2. Push up 3. Curl-up
An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body - esp. the heart muscles

24. What are Class 1C drugs?
Multiplying by 0.0254
Lower stroke volume due to higher heart rate; resting HR and exercise HR are higher in children; are less efficient than adults at temperature regulation; poorer tolerance for exercise in heat
Flecainide (Taborcor); Propafenone (Rythmol)
A type of ventricular tachycardia in which the appearance of the complexes are somewhat 'twisted' - thus the name 'torsade.'

25. When do Premature Ventricular Complexes occur?`
Progressive increase in SBP - no change or slight decrease in DBP - and a widening of the pulse pressure.
When a site in the ventricle fires before the next wave of depolarization from the sinus node reaches the ventricle
Common complex chronic disorder of the airways - characterized by variable and recurring symptoms - airflow obstruction - hyperresponsiveness of the bronchioles - and underlying inflammation
The loss of force and power that is independent of neural drive.

26. Children and sweat
Circumferences are used to estimate body composition and provide specific reference to the distribution of fat in the body.
Setting a series of intermediate goals that lead to a long-term goal
Children sweat less because sweat rate and rate of sweat production for each gland are lower in children. They have same number of glands.
Medial rotation

27. The SA node is responsible for?
Results from a re-entrant circuit in the atria that generates flutter waves - usually at a rate of 250 - 350 per minute.
Left pulmonary vein - left artrium - bicuspid valve - left ventricle - aortic semilunar valve - ascendina aorta - systemic circulation
Turning the sole of the foot toward the midline
Initiating depolarization of the myocardium.

28. The increase in blood flow to skeletal muscles during exercise is mediated by three factors...
Terminates in Purkinje fibers
(1) an increase in cardiac output - (2) vasodilation of skeletal muscle arterioles - (3) vasoconstriction of arterioles in the viscera and skin.
Originates in the sinoatrial (SA) node.
Lactic Acid Cycle - uses only carbohydrate - end result is lactic acid - no oxygen required. Used for events from 30 seconds to three minutes

29. Neuromuscular junction
Where communication between motor neuron and skeletal muscle occurs
Arms - legs - pectoral and pelvic girdles. most long bones are here.
The amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute.
Downward phase: eccentric - flexion Upward phase: concentric - extension

30. The PR-Interval represents...
....standard densities for bone - muscle - and fat.
Multiplying by 2.54
Anterior (front) and posterior (back)
Atrioventricular node - His bundle - Purkinje fibers

31. What is atrial flutter?
Variant
Antiarrhythmic agents: Disopyramide - Moricizine - Procainamide - Quinidine
Testing should NOT be performed until situation or condition is stable
Results from a re-entrant circuit in the atria that generates flutter waves - usually at a rate of 250 - 350 per minute.

32. Children and sweat
Action
Ends at synaptic knob containing Ach
Children sweat less because sweat rate and rate of sweat production for each gland are lower in children. They have same number of glands.
Ventricular muscle depolarization

33. Twitch
Carbs and fats used to synthesize ATP; for activities lasting longer than 3 minutes
Is volume of blood remaining in each ventricle after contraction
The point of attachment of a tendon to bone
When a motor unit is stimulated by a single nerve impusle

34. What is peripheral fatigue?
A pathologic or anatomic description marked by abnormal permanent enlargement of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli accompanied by destruction of the lung parenchyma.
The pressure exerted during resting phase; healthy is <80; over 90 is hypertension
Stroke volume is significantly increased during eccentric phase
The loss of force and power that is independent of neural drive.

35. A drug used during acute MI to dissolve blood clots - restore blood flow - and limit myocardial necrosis?

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36. Non-capital expense
The loss of full control of bodily movements
Type I
Bones of the skull - vertebral column - ribs - and sternum
Day-to-day operational expenses (i.e. - medical and exercise supplies - stationary)

37. Capillary
The coordinated capacity of the heart - blood vessels - respiratory system - and tissue metabolic systems to take in - deliver - and use oxygen.
Thick filament; part of contractile muscle
Blood vessel that is composed of one cell layer and functions to exchange nutrients and waste materials between blood and tissues
Target Heart Rate = ((max HR − resting HR) A

38. Path of electrical depolarization ends where?
Based on utilization like per diem - contract labor - etc.
Turning the sole of the foot away from the midline (outward)
Terminates in Purkinje fibers
Coronary Angiography

39. Informed Consent
Attempt to forecast future profits for program based on potential revenue generation as well as predicted fixed and variable expenses
Enables clients to make informed decisions. Not a legal document. Provides detailed explanation of exercise program. Does not provide legal immunity. Negligence is not covered by informed consent.
Atrioventricular node - His bundle - Purkinje fibers
The pressure exerted during resting phase; healthy is <80; over 90 is hypertension

40. Underwater testing assumes....
Is volume of blood remaining in each ventricle after contraction
....standard densities for bone - muscle - and fat.
Terminates in Purkinje fibers
Arteriosclerosis

41. At what stage are people at most risk of relapse?
Where communication between motor neuron and skeletal muscle occurs
Action
COPD
Turning the sole of the foot toward the midline

42. Variable expense
Based on utilization like per diem - contract labor - etc.
Rotational movement at the radioulnar joint in a transverse plane around a longitudinal axis that results in the palm facing upward.
Small veins - carry blood from capillaries to veins
Results from a re-entrant circuit in the atria that generates flutter waves - usually at a rate of 250 - 350 per minute.

43. A transient deficiency of blood flow to the myocardium resulting from an imbalance between oxygen demand and oxygen supply is known as?
BMI greater than 30; waist circumference (m) > 102 cm; (f) > 88 cm; body fat: (m) >25%; (f) > 32%
Rotational movement at the radioulnar joint in a transverse plane around a longitudinal axis that results in the palm facing upward.
Type I
Ischemia

44. Angina pectoris that occurs at rest without a precipitating event?
Variant
The benefit of exercise outweighs the risk of testing
Cardiac Output
Destruction of the parenchyma

45. Considered to be the 'gold standard' diagnostic technique for CHD
Coronary Angiography
Aneurysm - bulging of the ventricular wall
Volume of blood ejected per beat (at rest is usually around 70 ml). SV + HR = Cardiac Output
Chest - suprailiac - subscapular; all other skinfolds are vertical

46. Work Rate = ?
Is the amount of pressure exerted on arterial walls; normal is <120; over 140 is hypertension
Pumping a liquid into an organ or tissue (especially by way of blood vessels).
Force x Velocity
Aerobic: 3-7 days/week; Intensity: 40 -70%; Time: 30-60 minutes; possible multiple bouts throughout the day. Avoid isometric - valsalva - and max efforts; high reps/low intensity is better; RPE = 13-15

47. Angina pectoris that occurs at rest without a precipitating event?
Amount of blood in each ventricle at end of resting phase.
Variant
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation: Tense/Relax method - often referred to as partner stretching.
Dehydration - dizziness - syncope - heat exhaustion - or heat stroke

48. Karvonen Formula
Ischemia
12 and 16
Target Heart Rate = ((max HR − resting HR) A
The loss of force and power that is independent of neural drive.

49. Myosin
Thick filament; part of contractile muscle
Avoid supine position after first tri-mester; avoid risk of abdominal trauma; consume 30-50 g of carbs before exercise; consume extra 300 kcals/day
Rotational movement at the radioulnar joint in a transverse plane about a longitudinal axis that results in the palm facing downward.
Decrease/lower heart rate

50. Name four lung compartments affected by COPD.
The benefit of exercise outweighs the risk of testing
Central airways - peripheral airways - lung parenchyma - and the pulmonary vasculature
A type of ventricular tachycardia in which the appearance of the complexes are somewhat 'twisted' - thus the name 'torsade.'
Contraindicated if fasting glucose is greater than 250 mg/dL with ketones or greater than 300 mg/dL w/o ketones