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Test your basic knowledge |
Hemeonc
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Acanthocyte (spur cell)
Bleeding - malnutrition/absorption - inc demand pregs
Valine for glutamate
Liver disease - abetalipoproteinemia - acntho = spiny
Schistocytes - inc fibrin split products (D- dimers) - dec fibrinogen - dec factors V and VIII
2. What is the pathogenesis of ACD?
Allogenic bone marrow transplant - RBC/platelet transfusion - C- GSF - or GM- CSF
Adult T cell lymphoma - presents with cutaneous lesions
Inflammation leads to inc hepcidin causing a dec in release from iron from macs: dec serum fe - dec TIBC - inc ferritin
Glucose and heme - which inhibit ALA synthase
3. What are the variants of the RS cells
Lysine for glutamate at position 6
DIC - TTP/HUS - traumatic hemolysis
Lacunar in nodular sclerosing variant
Von Willebrand's disease
4. What does Vit K deficiency cause?
Dec synthesis of factors 1972 - protein C/S
Macrohemorrhage - hemarthroses - easy bruising
HyperCalcemia - Renal insuff - Anemia - Bone lytic lesions/Back pain
Radiation/drugs - viral agents - fanconi's anemia - idiopathic may follow acute hepatitis
5. What are the likely exposures of kids and adults for lead poisoning
Diffuse Large b cell lymphoma
Uroporphyrin (tea colored urine)
Kids= exposure to lead paint - adults = battery - ammunition factory
Schistocytes and inc LDH
6. Aplastic crisis after parvovirus - autosplenectomy - salmonella osteomyelitis - painful crisis - renal papillary necrosis - splenic sequestration
Extrinsic - I - II - V - VII and X
Helps platelts adhere to endothelium
Complications of sickle cell anemia
Beta thal
7. Conditions of defective heme synthesis leading to accumulation of heme precurors
Eleveated PT - PTT
Porphyrias
Round densly staining nucleus with a small amount of pale cytoplasm
HbSS
8. Elderly - mature b cell tumor with filamentous - hairlike projections
Produce antibody - lots of RER and golgi
Peripheral neuropathy - posterior columns (vibration/proprioception) - lateral corticospinal (spasticity) - dementia
Round densly staining nucleus with a small amount of pale cytoplasm
Hairy cell leukemia
9. Where are 1/3 of platelets stored
Sickle cell anemia
Blistering cutaneous photosens - most common porphyria
Spleen
Reed - sternberg cells
10. How does vWD cause elevated PTT?
Marrow - marrow - follicles of lymph nodes - white pulp of spleen (unencapsulated lymphoid tissue)
Extravascular hemolysis
VWF carries/protects factor VIII
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
11. Crew cut on skull xray due to marrow supression - 8% of AA population - single amino acid replacement in beta chain at position 6 - after a DNA point mutation
Schistocytes and inc LDH
Acts to stabilize platelet plug
Sickle cell
Inducers of primary antibody response
12. What does plasmin do?
Eleveated PT - PTT
Degrades fibrin mesh and converts C3 to C3a
Ewing sarcoma
Diffuse Large b cell lymphoma
13. t(11;14)
Inc RBC - dec O2 sat - inc EPO
No lytic bone lesions in WM
Mantle cell lymphoma
Def in factor IX
14. inc LDH - jaundice
Extravascular hemolysis
SLE - CLL - alpha methyldopa
Gp1b
2 to 10
15. inhibition of ferrochelatase and ALA dehydrogenase leading to dec heme synthesis - also inhibition of rRNA degradation
Blod - tissue - MACS
VWF carries/protects factor VIII
Ticlopidine/clopidogrel
Lead poisoning - rRNA causes aggregration of ribosomes and basophilic stippling
16. universal recipient
AB - no antibodies
Howell - Jolly bodies - hypo/asplenia
DIC - TTP- HUS - SLE malignant HTN - prostethic heart valves - aortic stenosis
Inhibits thrombin - ixa - xa - xiia - and activated by heparin
17. S-100 and CD1a with birbeck granules
Down - down - up
Diffuse Large b cell lymphoma
B antigena and A antibodes
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
18. What is hemophiliia A
Schistocytes and inc LDH
Schistocytes - inc fibrin split products (D- dimers) - dec fibrinogen - dec factors V and VIII
Deficiency in factor VIII
Bite cells and Heinz bodies
19. What is the tx for sickle cell
Hydroxyurea - bone marrow transplant
Aplastic anemia - pancytopenia
PGI2 - NO inc blood flow - dec platelet aggregation
G6PD
20. What are the neuro sx of B12 def?
Uroporphyrin (tea colored urine)
Peripheral neuropathy - posterior columns (vibration/proprioception) - lateral corticospinal (spasticity) - dementia
Birbeck granules
Burkitt lymphoma
21. What do platelets interact with to form a hemostatic plug
Protoporphyrin
Fibrinogen
Inc suscept to infxn - primary amyloidosis - punched out lytic bone lesions - M spike - Ig light chains in urine - Rouleaud formations (stacked RBCs)
Sideroblastic anemia
22. What portion of IgE can mast cells bind
Anti Rh
PENTAD: neurologic sx - renal sx - fever - thrombocytopenia - MAHA
Fc
Epoxide reductase - warfarin inhibits
23. What is the receptor for vWF
Contiguous
Lung disease - congenital heart diseaes - and high altitude
Gp1b
Beta chain absent - homozgote - severe anemia requiring blood transfusion - secondary hemochromatosis
24. What do you see a starry sky appearance in Burkitt
VWF carries/protects factor VIII
Both alpha and beta thal
Round densly staining nucleus with a small amount of pale cytoplasm
Sheets of lymphocytes interspersed with macs
25. What do you see in peripheral smear in a pt with G6PD?
Direct coombs - agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig
Follicular lymphoma - indolent course
Sideroblastic anemia
Bite cells and Heinz bodies
26. What is the mutation in HbS
Glucose and heme - which inhibit ALA synthase
VWF and fibrinogen
Valine for glutamate
They bind vWF via GpIb
27. What converts plasminogen to plasm and What does plasmin do?
TPA - cleavage of fibrin mesh
B6
Antigen - antibody
Folate def
28. anti - GpIIb/IIIa antibodies leading to peripheral platelet destruction
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP)
Dec plasma volume
Malaria - Babesia
Leukemoid reaction
29. What indicated a good prognosis in Hodgkin lymphoma?
CNS and testis
Inc lymphoctes - and less RS cells
40 to 75
Inc
30. hypersegmented PMNs - glossitis - dec B12 - inc homocysteine - inc methymalonic acid
ADP binding to receptors causes upregulation of GpIIb/IIIa expression at platelet surface
B12 def
Inc vasodiltion - inc perm - inc pain
Schistocytes - helmet cells
31. What does NAACP stand for - in regards to the causes of eosinophiia?
Megaloblastic anemia (also hypersegmented PMNs - marrow failure)
Neoplastic - asthma - allergic processes - collagen vacsular disease - parasites
TRAP (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
Degrades fibrin mesh and converts C3 to C3a
32. Serum iron - transferrin - ferritin lab values for lead poisoning anemia
20 to 40
Lead poisoning - rRNA causes aggregration of ribosomes and basophilic stippling
Up - down - nl
Examples of oxidative stress
33. What is the treatment to prevent a woman from forming anti Rh antibody?
CML
Abciximab
Rhogam - Rh antigen immunoglobulin
8-10 days
34. t(11:22)
Blood
Erythroblastosis fetalis - Rh or other blood antigen incompatibility
Ewing sarcoma
Inc large vWF multimers - inc platelet aggregation and thrombosis
35. What cell is primarily involved in non Hod lymph
Mantle cell lymphoma
B cells
Erythroblastosis fetalis - Rh or other blood antigen incompatibility
Insufficient intake as with strict vegans - malabsorption as in crohns - pernicious anemia - diphyllobothrium
36. What does decreasing heme do to ALA synthase activity?
Parvovirus
Megaloblastic anemia (also hypersegmented PMNs - marrow failure)
Multiple myeloma
Inc
37. What does CRAB stand for in multiple myeloma
TRAP (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
HyperCalcemia - Renal insuff - Anemia - Bone lytic lesions/Back pain
Eleveated PT - PTT
Ticlopidine/clopidogrel
38. Where do B cells arise from - mature - and migrate to...
Heinz bodies - seen in alpha thal and G6PD
Marrow - marrow - follicles of lymph nodes - white pulp of spleen (unencapsulated lymphoid tissue)
1 to 6
B12/folate def
39. What causes the physiologic chloride shift and What does the chloride shift do?
Inc large vWF multimers - inc platelet aggregation and thrombosis
ATIII def
Mycosis fundgoides/Sezary syndrome
Chloride bicarb antiport system - - allows transport of C02 from periph to lungs
40. What do eosinophils defend against and What do they use to do it?
Hemolytic or non hemolytic - and then for the hemolytiuc - intravascular hemolysis or extravascular hemolysis
Helminth infections major basic protein
Inappropriate absolute with inc RBCs and EPO
Petechiae
41. What percentage if WBCs are polys?
Tissue
40 to 75
Induces differentiation of myeloblasts
Dec
42. What is makes a leukemia acute
Blasts > 5%
Incactivates II - VII - IX - X - XI - XII
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP)
Helminth infections major basic protein
43. What the alpha granules contain in platelets?
VWF and fibrinogen
Inducers of primary antibody response
Up - down - nl
Extravascular
44. What are some classic examples of extravascular hemolysis
Signs and sx of aplastic anemia
Blood
Nl - up - nl
Hereditary spherocytosis - G6PD - sickle cell
45. How are the nucleus and the cytoplasm characterized for lymphocytes
Inflammation leads to inc hepcidin causing a dec in release from iron from macs: dec serum fe - dec TIBC - inc ferritin
Direct coombs - agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig
Inc vasodiltion - inc perm - inc pain
Round densly staining nucleus with a small amount of pale cytoplasm
46. What percentage of WBCs are eosinophils?
1 to 6
Heinz bodies - seen in alpha thal and G6PD
Splicing sites and promotor sequences
Yes - via MHC II
47. What substance is Fe added to to yield heme
Inflammation leads to inc hepcidin causing a dec in release from iron from macs: dec serum fe - dec TIBC - inc ferritin
Spleen
Lymphoma
Protoporphyrin
48. What does STOP Making New Thrombi stand for
Causes of DIC: Sepsis (gram neg) - Trauma - Obstetric complications - acute Pancreatitis - Malignancy - Nephrotic syndrome - Tranfusion
120 days
Extrinsic - I - II - V - VII and X
Sideroblastic anemia
49. Which enzyme converts vit k to activated vit k - and what substance inhibits this enzyme
Hereditary spherocytosis
Down - down - up
M3 AML (acute promyelocytic leukemia)
Epoxide reductase - warfarin inhibits
50. What is the treatment for lead poising?
< 1% - heparin - histamine - LTD-4 - other vasoactive amines
Dimercaprol and EDTA 1st line of treatment - succimer for kids - it sucks to be a kid who eats lead
TRAP (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
Ticlopidine/clopidogrel