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Test your basic knowledge |
Hemeonc
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. iron deficiency anemia - esophageal web - atrophic glossitis
Epoxide reductase - warfarin inhibits
Plummer - vinson syndrome
Sideroblastic anemia
Leukemoid reaction
2. Deficiency in vWF
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3. What are some causes of warm agglutinin autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
SLE - CLL - alpha methyldopa
CD15 and CD30 pos
DIC
Lymphoma
4. Oxidation of iron - denatured hemoglobin preceipitation damage to RBC membrane - formation of bite cells
No
Heinz bodies - seen in alpha thal and G6PD
Pos
All < 15 - AML = median onset around 60 - CML = 30 to 60 - and CLL > 60
5. What activates the intrinsic pathway?
Cold - seen in CLL - mycoplasma pneumoniae infections or infectious mononucleosis
HbC disease - Asplenia - Liver disease - thalassemia - 'HALT the hunter said to his target'
Sheets of lymphocytes interspersed with macs
Collagen - BM - activated platelets
6. When do you see MAHA?
Dimercaprol and EDTA 1st line of treatment - succimer for kids - it sucks to be a kid who eats lead
DIC - TTP- HUS - SLE malignant HTN - prostethic heart valves - aortic stenosis
Inc serum iron - normal TIBC - inc ferratin
Splicing sites and promotor sequences
7. Ringed sideroblasts
AML
Sideroblastic anemia
Protoporphyrin (blood)
AB - no antibodies
8. inc HbF on electrophoresis
Uroporphyrin (tea colored urine)
Ticlopidine/clopidogrel
Glanzmann's throbmasthenia - GpIIb/IIIa - nl platelets - inc BT
Both alpha and beta thal
9. S-100 and CD1a with birbeck granules
Direct coombs - agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Kids= exposure to lead paint - adults = battery - ammunition factory
GpIIb/IIIa
10. How does the therapy for M3 vairant work?
CML to AML or All
Direct coombs - agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig
Common a few days after oxidative stress in a pt with G6PD
Induces differentiation of myeloblasts
11. Causes of iron def?
Megakaryocytes
Myelofibrosis (marow is crying being its fibrosed'
Bleeding - malnutrition/absorption - inc demand pregs
B cells
12. What do platelets interact with to form a hemostatic plug
WBC diff highest to lowest: neutrophils - lymphocytes - monocytes - eosinophils - basophils
Anti Rh
Fibrinogen
1 to 6
13. What percentage of WBCs are basophils - and What is found in their basophilic granules?
Imatinib - anti bcr abl
< 1% - heparin - histamine - LTD-4 - other vasoactive amines
Lysosomes
Insufficient intake as with strict vegans - malabsorption as in crohns - pernicious anemia - diphyllobothrium
14. What does CRAB stand for in multiple myeloma
Inhibits thrombin - ixa - xa - xiia - and activated by heparin
All
HyperCalcemia - Renal insuff - Anemia - Bone lytic lesions/Back pain
Intravascular
15. Target cell
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16. Impaired synthesis of DAF leading to inc complement mediated desctruction of RBCs via the GPI ancho
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Extrinsic - I - II - V - VII and X
GpIIb/IIIa
20 to 40
17. What is the age breakdown for hodgkins
EBV
Histaminase and arylsulfatase
TAIL - thalassemias - anemia of chronic disease - iron def - lead poisoning
Bimodal - men>women - except for nodular sclerosing type
18. t(11:22)
Her next Rh+ fetus
Ewing sarcoma
VWD
Tissue factor converst the VII and VIIa
19. What do you see in vit K def
Direct coombs - agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig
Eleveated PT - PTT
EBV
Bite cells and Heinz bodies
20. inhibition of ferrochelatase and ALA dehydrogenase leading to dec heme synthesis - also inhibition of rRNA degradation
Lead poisoning - rRNA causes aggregration of ribosomes and basophilic stippling
Polycythemia vera with inc plasma volume - inc RBCs - inc EPO
Beta chain absent - homozgote - severe anemia requiring blood transfusion - secondary hemochromatosis
PENTAD: neurologic sx - renal sx - fever - thrombocytopenia - MAHA
21. What is a metabolic disorder tht can cause macrocytic anemia?
Fibrinogen bind GpIIb/IIIa and links platelts
Helminth infections major basic protein
Orotic aciduria
Inc serum iron - normal TIBC - inc ferratin
22. What is the Ddx for for a macrocytic anemia
Folate/B12 - nonmegaoblastic anemias - liver dz - EtOH (non folate/B12) reticulocytosis - metabolic disorder - drugs
8-10 days
Degrades fibrin mesh and converts C3 to C3a
Factor V resistant to activated protein C's inhibition
23. Deficiency in GpIIb/IIIa
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24. What are the etiologies of B12 def
Burkitt lymphoma
Aplastic anemia - pancytopenia
Insufficient intake as with strict vegans - malabsorption as in crohns - pernicious anemia - diphyllobothrium
Low O2 in papilla; can also get microhematuria from medullary infarcts
25. Production of mutant factor V that cannot by degraded by protein C - most common cause of inherited hypercoaguability
Examples of oxidative stress
Factor V Leiden
B12 in fatty acid pathways leads to subacute combined degeneration
Common a few days after oxidative stress in a pt with G6PD
26. What is the life span of a normal RBC
Fc
Tissue factor converst the VII and VIIa
Hairy cell leukemia
120 days
27. fatigue - malaise - pallor - purpura - mucosal bleeding - petechiae - infection
HbSS
CLL (SLL without the peripheral lymphocytosis
Protein S - cleaves and invactivates Va and VIIIa
Signs and sx of aplastic anemia
28. Wilm's tumor - RCC - HCC - hydronephrosis
Polycythemia vera with inc plasma volume - inc RBCs - inc EPO
Beta thal
Plasma cell
Lymphoma
29. What are the neuro sx of B12 def?
Blistering cutaneous photosens - most common porphyria
Malaria - Babesia
Cromolyn sodium
Peripheral neuropathy - posterior columns (vibration/proprioception) - lateral corticospinal (spasticity) - dementia
30. Where are 1/3 of platelets stored
Spleen
Inc RBC - dec O2 sat - inc EPO
Cold - seen in CLL - mycoplasma pneumoniae infections or infectious mononucleosis
Burkitt lymphoma
31. Which immunoglobulin is involved in warm agglutination?
IgG - Warm is GREAT
Tissue factor converst the VII and VIIa
HyperCalcemia - Renal insuff - Anemia - Bone lytic lesions/Back pain
Extrinsic - I - II - V - VII and X
32. What do platelets release necessary for coagulation cascaed?
ADP and Ca
Positive osmootic fragility test and splenectomy
Extravascular hemolysis
WBC diff highest to lowest: neutrophils - lymphocytes - monocytes - eosinophils - basophils
33. What is the characteristic finding for MAHA on peripheral smear?
Epoxide reductase - warfarin inhibits
Birbeck granules
TPA - cleavage of fibrin mesh
Schistocytes - helmet cells
34. What is the mutation in HbC
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Lysine for glutamate at position 6
Painful abdomen (also in lead poisoning) - red wine colored urine - polyneuropathy - psychological distrubances - precipated by drugs -
20 to 40
35. What does bradykinin do?
Inc vasodiltion - inc perm - inc pain
Sideroblastic anemia
Collagen - BM - activated platelets
Heinz bodies - seen in alpha thal and G6PD
36. What substance prevents mast cells degranulation?
TXA2 - dec blood flow - inc platelet aggregation
Hereditary spherocytosis
20 to 40
Cromolyn sodium
37. What virus is associated with Burkitt lymphoma
Hereditary elloptocytosis
Folate/B12 - nonmegaoblastic anemias - liver dz - EtOH (non folate/B12) reticulocytosis - metabolic disorder - drugs
B12 in fatty acid pathways leads to subacute combined degeneration
EBV
38. philadelphia chromosome - blood looks like marrow
Glanzmann's throbmasthenia - GpIIb/IIIa - nl platelets - inc BT
Lead - and EtOH
CML
HbC disease - Asplenia - Liver disease - thalassemia - 'HALT the hunter said to his target'
39. What does decreasing heme do to ALA synthase activity?
Blod - tissue - MACS
Beta chain absent - homozgote - severe anemia requiring blood transfusion - secondary hemochromatosis
Glanzmann's throbmasthenia
Inc
40. What causes the physiologic chloride shift and What does the chloride shift do?
Extravascular hemolysis
Histaminase and arylsulfatase
Chloride bicarb antiport system - - allows transport of C02 from periph to lungs
Round densly staining nucleus with a small amount of pale cytoplasm
41. lymphoid neoplasms with widespread involvement of bone marrow - tumor cells usually foind in peripheral blood
Down - down - up
B12 def
Beta chain absent - homozgote - severe anemia requiring blood transfusion - secondary hemochromatosis
Leukemia
42. What is the enzyme defect in Porphyria cutanea tarda
Protein C or S deficiency
Langerhans cells
HyperCalcemia - Renal insuff - Anemia - Bone lytic lesions/Back pain
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
43. Bone pain plus anemia
Inc HbA2 on electrophoresis
Deoxygenated HbS polymerizes - low O2 or dehydration precipiates sickling - anemia and veno - occlusive disease
Liver disease - abetalipoproteinemia - acntho = spiny
Multiple myeloma
44. defect in alpha globin gene - dec alpha globin synth - disease and populations?
Round densly staining nucleus with a small amount of pale cytoplasm
Alpha thal - asian and african american
Leukemia
No antigen - both antibodies
45. Which drugs can cause macrocytic anemia?
5- FU - AZT - hydroxyurea
DIC
CML to AML or All
G6PD
46. What does antithrombin do and What activates it?
Helminth infections major basic protein
G6PD
Blod - tissue - MACS
Inhibits thrombin - ixa - xa - xiia - and activated by heparin
47. What are the two substances produced by eosinophils help limit the reaction following mast cell degranulation?
Deoxygenated HbS polymerizes - low O2 or dehydration precipiates sickling - anemia and veno - occlusive disease
Histaminase and arylsulfatase
Polycythemia vera with inc plasma volume - inc RBCs - inc EPO
Orotic aciduria
48. What is the characteristic histologic finding in Hodgkin Lymphoma
Reed - sternberg cells
Indirect coombs - agglutinate if serum anti RBC surface Ig
VWF and fibrinogen
Beta chain underproduced - asymptomatic - heterozygote
49. Back pain - hemoglobinuria
Porphobilinogen - delta ALA - uroporphyrin
Neoplastic - asthma - allergic processes - collagen vacsular disease - parasites
Common a few days after oxidative stress in a pt with G6PD
XIIa activates kallikrein - which activates plasmin (and converts HMWK to bradykinin
50. What is the main source of energy in RBCs
Mycosis fundgoides/Sezary syndrome
90% anearobically from glucose to lactate - 10% from HMP shunt
WBC diff highest to lowest: neutrophils - lymphocytes - monocytes - eosinophils - basophils
Signs and sx of aplastic anemia