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Test your basic knowledge |
Hemeonc
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What substance prevents mast cells degranulation?
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Cromolyn sodium
Gp1b
Spleen
2. Which cell is neoplastic in multiple myeloma
Plasma cell
SLE - CLL - alpha methyldopa
Schistocytes - inc fibrin split products (D- dimers) - dec fibrinogen - dec factors V and VIII
IFN gama
3. Crew cut on skull xray due to marrow supression - 8% of AA population - single amino acid replacement in beta chain at position 6 - after a DNA point mutation
Induces differentiation of myeloblasts
Heinz bodies - seen in alpha thal and G6PD
No
Sickle cell
4. poikilocytosis
Varying shapes
Radiation/drugs - viral agents - fanconi's anemia - idiopathic may follow acute hepatitis
Complications of sickle cell anemia
Bone marrow - thymus - blood (80% of circulating lymphos are T)
5. Basophilic nuclear remnants fonud in RBCs
Howell - Jolly bodies - hypo/asplenia
Varying shapes
B6
Ringed sideronblasts with iron laden mitochondria
6. What are the presenting symptoms of acute intermittent porphyria
Schistocytes - helmet cells
Inflammation leads to inc hepcidin causing a dec in release from iron from macs: dec serum fe - dec TIBC - inc ferritin
Paraprotein spike - monoclonal protein
Painful abdomen (also in lead poisoning) - red wine colored urine - polyneuropathy - psychological distrubances - precipated by drugs -
7. What is the most common nonhodgkin lymphoma
Low in CML
Diffuse Large b cell lymphoma
TRAP (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
Lead lines on gingivae and epiphyses of long bones on xray - Encephalopathy and Erythrocyte basophilic stippling - Abdominal colic and Anemia - Drops - wrist and foot drop -
8. Which pathway and factorrs are tested by the PT coag test
Beta chain underproduced - asymptomatic - heterozygote
Extrinsic - I - II - V - VII and X
Gp1b
Polycythemia vera with inc plasma volume - inc RBCs - inc EPO
9. Serum iron - transferrin - ferritin lab values for pregs - OCP use
XIIa activates kallikrein - which activates plasmin (and converts HMWK to bradykinin
Inc HbA2 on electrophoresis
Nl - up - nl
Positive osmootic fragility test and splenectomy
10. Drug that inhibits COX and therefore TXA2 synthesis
Aspirin
Hereditary spherocytosis
Antigen - antibody
No antigen - both antibodies
11. Drug that inhbits the GpIIb/IIIa directly
Inflammation leads to inc hepcidin causing a dec in release from iron from macs: dec serum fe - dec TIBC - inc ferritin
Valine for glutamate
Abciximab
Megakaryocytes
12. What is the are the presenting symptoms of lead poisoning in kids and adults
B12/folate def
Radiation/drugs - viral agents - fanconi's anemia - idiopathic may follow acute hepatitis
Inappropriate absolute with inc RBCs and EPO
Kidney - Gi - microcytic anemai in both - kids = mental retardation and adults = headache - memory loss - demyelination
13. What is the tx for vWD
B antigena and A antibodes
DDAVP (desmopressin) which releases stored vWF stored in endothelium
Diffuse Large b cell lymphoma
ADP binding to receptors causes upregulation of GpIIb/IIIa expression at platelet surface
14. Where are monocytes typically found - where do they go - and What do the differentiate into?
ADP and Ca
Blod - tissue - MACS
Malaria - Babesia
Fibrinogen bind GpIIb/IIIa and links platelts
15. What substance accumulates in porphyria cutanea
Inc HbA2 on electrophoresis
Plummer - vinson syndrome
Uroporphyrin (tea colored urine)
Anemia of chronic disease - Aplastic anemia - kidney disease
16. Defect in platelet to platelet adhesion - receptor - disorder - platelet count and bleeding time
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17. Defect in proteins interacting with RBC membrane skeleton and plasma membrane
Hereditary spherocytosis
Lacunar in nodular sclerosing variant
EBV
Inc lymphoctes - and less RS cells
18. In a Rh - mother who has developed anti Rh antibodies - who is at risk of hemolytic disease?
VIII
Her next Rh+ fetus
B6
VWD
19. Where are 1/3 of platelets stored
CML
Helminth infections major basic protein
Spleen
Extravascular hemolysis
20. What is the therapy for CML (philly chrom)
Dec plasma volume
Imatinib - anti bcr abl
Hb Barts - gamma4 in defect in all 4 alpha genes
Dec synthesis of factors 1972 - protein C/S
21. Megakaryocytosis
Multiple myeloma
Essential thrombocytosis
Hb Barts - gamma4 in defect in all 4 alpha genes
Off center nuclues - clock face chromatin
22. What reveresible things can a sideroblastic anemia
G6PD
Mantle cell - older males
Kids= exposure to lead paint - adults = battery - ammunition factory
Lead - and EtOH
23. HTLV-1
Adult T cell lymphoma - presents with cutaneous lesions
Bone marrow infiltration - myelofibrosis
Peroxidase
ADP and Ca
24. hemolytic in a newborn - dec ATP and rigid RBCs
Dec synthesis of factors 1972 - protein C/S
Pyruvate kinase def - extravascular
Peripheral neuropathy - posterior columns (vibration/proprioception) - lateral corticospinal (spasticity) - dementia
Follicular lymphoma - indolent course
25. inc HbF on electrophoresis
AB - no antibodies
Bite cells and Heinz bodies
Both alpha and beta thal
Bone marrow - thymus - blood (80% of circulating lymphos are T)
26. lymphoid neoplasms with widespread involvement of bone marrow - tumor cells usually foind in peripheral blood
Leukemia
Nodular sclerosing
DNA synth impaired - maturation of nucleus delayed relative to maturation of cytoplasm
VWD
27. Target cell
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28. What do labs show in DIC?
Factor V resistant to activated protein C's inhibition
Lysosomes
Petechiae
Schistocytes - inc fibrin split products (D- dimers) - dec fibrinogen - dec factors V and VIII
29. Which substrates begin the heme synthesis pathway
Malnutrition - malabsoprtion - impaired metabolism - inc requirement as in an hemolytic anemia or pregnancy
Inc lymphoctes - and less RS cells
Glycine and succinyl - coa
Factor V Leiden
30. What are the age ranges for the various leukemias
Epoxide reductase - warfarin inhibits
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP)
All < 15 - AML = median onset around 60 - CML = 30 to 60 - and CLL > 60
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
31. RBCs damagaed from passing through obstructed - narrowed vessel lumina
Indirect coombs - agglutinate if serum anti RBC surface Ig
Megakaryocytes
MAHA
Extravascular hemolysis
32. What does bradykinin do?
Sideroblastic anemia
Hereditary spherocytosis
Inc vasodiltion - inc perm - inc pain
Dendritic cells?
33. Impaired synthesis of DAF leading to inc complement mediated desctruction of RBCs via the GPI ancho
TPA - cleavage of fibrin mesh
CNS and testis
DIC
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
34. Which enzyme converts vit k to activated vit k - and what substance inhibits this enzyme
Epoxide reductase - warfarin inhibits
Lung disease - congenital heart diseaes - and high altitude
DIC
Decrease EPO
35. What is the life spance of a platelet?
8-10 days
Protoporphyrin (blood)
ADP and Ca
Painful abdomen (also in lead poisoning) - red wine colored urine - polyneuropathy - psychological distrubances - precipated by drugs -
36. What chromosomal translocation is associated with a better prognosis in All
T(9;22) bcr abl
Nl PT - elevated PTT - intrinsic pathway defect
TRAP (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
T(12;21)
37. fatigue - malaise - pallor - purpura - mucosal bleeding - petechiae - infection
Easy gas exchange
Megakaryocytes
Signs and sx of aplastic anemia
Antigen - antibody
38. Does CML have a JAK2 mut
No
All trans retinoic acid
...
Dendritic cells?
39. Ddx for microcytic anemia
Schistocytes - inc fibrin split products (D- dimers) - dec fibrinogen - dec factors V and VIII
DDAVP (desmopressin) which releases stored vWF stored in endothelium
Fe def - thal - pb poison - sideroblastic anemia
Beta thal
40. What are the azuraphilic granules in PMNs
EBV
Hereditary spherocytosis - autoimmune hemolysis
Both alpha and beta thal
Lysosomes
41. What is the coombs test results in AIHA?
EBV
Pos
IgG - Warm is GREAT
Folate/B12 - nonmegaoblastic anemias - liver dz - EtOH (non folate/B12) reticulocytosis - metabolic disorder - drugs
42. Is G6PD intravascular or extravascular
Intravascular
Inc UCB
Hemolytic or non hemolytic - and then for the hemolytiuc - intravascular hemolysis or extravascular hemolysis
Low O2 in papilla; can also get microhematuria from medullary infarcts
43. anti - Ig antibody added to patients RBCs;
Exposed collagen upon endothelial damage
Direct coombs - agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig
Dec synthesis of factors 1972 - protein C/S
ADP and Ca
44. What is monoclonal expansion without symptoms associated with multiple myeloma?
MGUS - monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
DDAVP (desmopressin) which releases stored vWF stored in endothelium
Inc bleeding time - microhemorrhage: mucuous membrane bleeding - epitaxis - petechiae - purpura - possible thrombocytopenia
Def in factor IX
45. What are the main associations with multiple myeloma?
DIC
Nl - up - nl
IgG - Warm is GREAT
Inc suscept to infxn - primary amyloidosis - punched out lytic bone lesions - M spike - Ig light chains in urine - Rouleaud formations (stacked RBCs)
46. deficiency in ADAMTS13 leading to dec degradation of vWF
Allogenic bone marrow transplant - RBC/platelet transfusion - C- GSF - or GM- CSF
Fibrinogen bind GpIIb/IIIa and links platelts
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Hydrolytic enzymes - lysozyme - myeloperoxidase - lactoferrin
47. What finding you do you see in patients after splenectomy
EBV
Howell Jolly bodies
Nl - up - nl
Tissue factor converst the VII and VIIa
48. What are the extrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemias?
...
T(12;21)
PENTAD: neurologic sx - renal sx - fever - thrombocytopenia - MAHA
Inc bleeding time - microhemorrhage: mucuous membrane bleeding - epitaxis - petechiae - purpura - possible thrombocytopenia
49. What does ectopic EPO produce
Low in CML
Valine for glutamate
Inappropriate absolute with inc RBCs and EPO
Defect in 4 - not compatible with life - defect in 3 - HbH disease - defect in 1/2 not associated with sig anemia
50. What is factor V leidin?
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