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Test your basic knowledge |
Hemeonc
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the pathogenesis of sickle cell
Deoxygenated HbS polymerizes - low O2 or dehydration precipiates sickling - anemia and veno - occlusive disease
2 to 10
SLE - CLL - alpha methyldopa
Valine for glutamate
2. What is the Ddx for for a macrocytic anemia
Parvovirus
Spleen
Inc HbA2 on electrophoresis
Folate/B12 - nonmegaoblastic anemias - liver dz - EtOH (non folate/B12) reticulocytosis - metabolic disorder - drugs
3. Basophilica stippling
A antigen and B antibodies
Mycosis fundgoides/Sezary syndrome
Ticlopidine/clopidogrel
TAIL - thalassemias - anemia of chronic disease - iron def - lead poisoning
4. What does the large SA:volume ratio in RBCs help facilitate?
Off center nuclues - clock face chromatin
Sideroblastic anemia
Chloride bicarb antiport system - - allows transport of C02 from periph to lungs
Easy gas exchange
5. How does the therapy for M3 vairant work?
A antigen and B antibodies
Induces differentiation of myeloblasts
Rhogam - Rh antigen immunoglobulin
Inc suscept to infxn - primary amyloidosis - punched out lytic bone lesions - M spike - Ig light chains in urine - Rouleaud formations (stacked RBCs)
6. Is G6PD intravascular or extravascular
Anti Rh
Intravascular
Sheets of lymphocytes interspersed with macs
Paraprotein spike - monoclonal protein
7. What is the treatment to prevent a woman from forming anti Rh antibody?
Megakaryocytes
Acts to stabilize platelet plug
Protein S - cleaves and invactivates Va and VIIIa
Rhogam - Rh antigen immunoglobulin
8. Wilm's tumor - RCC - HCC - hydronephrosis
EBV
Positive osmootic fragility test and splenectomy
Protoporphyrin
Polycythemia vera with inc plasma volume - inc RBCs - inc EPO
9. What is the treatment for sideroblastic anemia
B6 therapy (pyrodixine)
Exposed collagen upon endothelial damage
40 to 75
Essential thrombocytosis
10. What is the clinical picture of hemophilia A or B
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
IFN gama
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP)
Macrohemorrhage - hemarthroses - easy bruising
11. Schisotcyte - helmet cell
Langerhans cells
Polycythemia vera
Marrow - marrow - follicles of lymph nodes - white pulp of spleen (unencapsulated lymphoid tissue)
DIC - TTP/HUS - traumatic hemolysis
12. What does CRAB stand for in multiple myeloma
AB - no antibodies
HyperCalcemia - Renal insuff - Anemia - Bone lytic lesions/Back pain
B12 in fatty acid pathways leads to subacute combined degeneration
Inc
13. What level of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase is expected in CML versus leukemoid reaction
Low in CML
Lysine for glutamate at position 6
Bimodal - men>women - except for nodular sclerosing type
Histaminase and arylsulfatase
14. What condition can result from treating AML M3 from the release of the Auer rods
DIC
Petechiae
All < 15 - AML = median onset around 60 - CML = 30 to 60 - and CLL > 60
CML to AML or All
15. What virus is associated with 50% of Hodgkin lymphoma
PGI2 - NO inc blood flow - dec platelet aggregation
EBV
Deficiency in factor VIII
Extravascular
16. Which pathway and factors are tested in the PTT test
Intrinsic - all factors except - VII - XIII
Langerhans cells
Orotic aciduria
No platelet clumping
17. Where are 1/3 of platelets stored
VWD
Hydroxyurea - bone marrow transplant
Acts to stabilize platelet plug
Spleen
18. Which infections can cause MAHA?
Dimercaprol and EDTA 1st line of treatment - succimer for kids - it sucks to be a kid who eats lead
Malaria - Babesia
CML
TRAP (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
19. How is beta thal minor dx
20 to 40
Intravascular hemolysis
Alpha thal - asian and african american
Inc HbA2 on electrophoresis
20. What is the defect in beta thal?
Splicing sites and promotor sequences
Schistocytes and inc LDH
Valine for glutamate
CML to AML or All
21. What distinguishes multiple myeloma fromk Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia?
Neoplastic - asthma - allergic processes - collagen vacsular disease - parasites
Common a few days after oxidative stress in a pt with G6PD
No lytic bone lesions in WM
Glycine and succinyl - coa
22. What is the characteristic lab finding on electrophoresis
Ewing sarcoma
Lead - and EtOH
They bind vWF via GpIb
Paraprotein spike - monoclonal protein
23. Serum iron - transferrin - ferritin lab values for anemia of chronic disease
Down - down - up
MGUS - monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Dec synthesis of factors 1972 - protein C/S
Ferrocheletase and ALA dehydrogenase
24. What is the tx for sickle cell
Hydroxyurea - bone marrow transplant
Abciximab
40 to 75
Easy gas exchange
25. What are the etiologies of B12 def
Heinz bodies - seen in alpha thal and G6PD
ADP and Ca
Insufficient intake as with strict vegans - malabsorption as in crohns - pernicious anemia - diphyllobothrium
TXA2 - dec blood flow - inc platelet aggregation
26. deficiency in ADAMTS13 leading to dec degradation of vWF
Protoporphyrin
Protoporphyrin (blood)
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Helminth infections major basic protein
27. What symptoms are associated with Hodgkin lymphoma
Mantle cell lymphoma
Inflammation leads to inc hepcidin causing a dec in release from iron from macs: dec serum fe - dec TIBC - inc ferritin
B symptoms - fever night sweats - weight loss
Causes of DIC: Sepsis (gram neg) - Trauma - Obstetric complications - acute Pancreatitis - Malignancy - Nephrotic syndrome - Tranfusion
28. lymphoid neoplasms with widespread involvement of bone marrow - tumor cells usually foind in peripheral blood
TRAP (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
Leukemia
Blood
Complications of sickle cell anemia
29. inc HbF on electrophoresis
Direct coombs - agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig
Both alpha and beta thal
Blood
Aspirin
30. What are the two substances produced by eosinophils help limit the reaction following mast cell degranulation?
Prothrombin gene mutation
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
ADP and Ca
Histaminase and arylsulfatase
31. What is the affected enzyme in acute intermittment porphyria
Glanzmann's throbmasthenia - GpIIb/IIIa - nl platelets - inc BT
Adult T cell lymphoma - presents with cutaneous lesions
Sheets of lymphocytes interspersed with macs
Porphobilinogen - delta ALA - uroporphyrin
32. When do you see MAHA?
Beta chain absent - homozgote - severe anemia requiring blood transfusion - secondary hemochromatosis
DIC - TTP- HUS - SLE malignant HTN - prostethic heart valves - aortic stenosis
Macrohemorrhage - hemarthroses - easy bruising
EBV
33. t(8;14) c - myc gene
Inflammation leads to inc hepcidin causing a dec in release from iron from macs: dec serum fe - dec TIBC - inc ferritin
Ticlopidine/clopidogrel
Multiple myeloma
Burkitt lymphoma
34. Impaired synthesis of DAF leading to inc complement mediated desctruction of RBCs via the GPI ancho
Megakaryocytes
Inc UCB
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Inducers of primary antibody response
35. Does CML have a JAK2 mut
Diffuse Large b cell lymphoma
Down - down - up
Inc HbA2 on electrophoresis
No
36. Deficiency in vWF
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37. What causes hydrops fetalis
Inc UCB
Alpha thal - asian and african american
Hb Barts - gamma4 in defect in all 4 alpha genes
Ringed sideronblasts with iron laden mitochondria
38. Deficiency in GpIb
EBV
B symptoms - fever night sweats - weight loss
DNA synth impaired - maturation of nucleus delayed relative to maturation of cytoplasm
Bernard soulier
39. Can B cells function as APCs?
Easy gas exchange
Yes - via MHC II
Acts to stabilize platelet plug
MGUS - monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
40. abnormal clone of hematopoetic stem cells are increasingly sensitive to growth factors - inc RBC - JAK2 mut
Inc large vWF multimers - inc platelet aggregation and thrombosis
Diffuse Large b cell lymphoma
Polycythemia vera
Eleveated PT - PTT
41. What do you see in peripheral smear in a pt with G6PD?
TAIL - thalassemias - anemia of chronic disease - iron def - lead poisoning
Pos
Hydrolytic enzymes - lysozyme - myeloperoxidase - lactoferrin
Bite cells and Heinz bodies
42. What do they express on their surface?
Peripheral neuropathy - posterior columns (vibration/proprioception) - lateral corticospinal (spasticity) - dementia
Sickle cell anemia
MHC II and Fc receptors
Blod - tissue - MACS
43. Where are monocytes typically found - where do they go - and What do the differentiate into?
Painful abdomen (also in lead poisoning) - red wine colored urine - polyneuropathy - psychological distrubances - precipated by drugs -
Pyruvate kinase def - extravascular
Inc HbA2 on electrophoresis
Blod - tissue - MACS
44. Plasma cell neoplasm
TAIL - thalassemias - anemia of chronic disease - iron def - lead poisoning
Multiple myeloma
Antigen - antibody
Lead poisoning - rRNA causes aggregration of ribosomes and basophilic stippling
45. Upregulated growth of leukocytes in bone marro
5- FU - AZT - hydroxyurea
Glycine and succinyl - coa
Leukemia
DIC - TTP- HUS - SLE malignant HTN - prostethic heart valves - aortic stenosis
46. What does bradykinin do?
Inflammation leads to inc hepcidin causing a dec in release from iron from macs: dec serum fe - dec TIBC - inc ferritin
Inc HbA2 on electrophoresis
Multiple myeloma
Inc vasodiltion - inc perm - inc pain
47. What is hemophilia B?
Def in factor IX
Direct coombs - agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig
Hydroxyurea - bone marrow transplant
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP)
48. What does the blood smear show in glanzmann's?
Heinz bodies - seen in alpha thal and G6PD
Lacunar in nodular sclerosing variant
Intrinsic - all factors except - VII - XIII
No platelet clumping
49. X linked - dec glutathione inc RBC susceptibility to oxidative stress
G6PD
Inc suscept to infxn - primary amyloidosis - punched out lytic bone lesions - M spike - Ig light chains in urine - Rouleaud formations (stacked RBCs)
Tissue factor converst the VII and VIIa
DIC - TTP/HUS - traumatic hemolysis
50. Defect in proteins interacting with RBC membrane skeleton and plasma membrane
WBC diff highest to lowest: neutrophils - lymphocytes - monocytes - eosinophils - basophils
Hereditary spherocytosis
Factor V Leiden
Sheets of lymphocytes interspersed with macs