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Test your basic knowledge |
Hemeonc
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. anti - Ig antibody added to patients RBCs;
Direct coombs - agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig
Fe def - thal - pb poison - sideroblastic anemia
Blod - tissue - MACS
Tissue
2. What is the characteristic finding for MAHA on peripheral smear?
Schistocytes - helmet cells
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
No antigen - both antibodies
Langerhans cells
3. Deficiency in vWF
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4. What level of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase is expected in CML versus leukemoid reaction
Low in CML
Spleen
Down - up - down
Histamine - heparin - and eosinohil chemotactic factors
5. What are dendritic cells called in the skin?
Dec
Langerhans cells
Glycine and succinyl - coa
All trans retinoic acid
6. Teardrop cell
DIC - TTP- HUS - SLE malignant HTN - prostethic heart valves - aortic stenosis
PENTAD: neurologic sx - renal sx - fever - thrombocytopenia - MAHA
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
Bone marrow infiltration - myelofibrosis
7. What does STOP Making New Thrombi stand for
Causes of DIC: Sepsis (gram neg) - Trauma - Obstetric complications - acute Pancreatitis - Malignancy - Nephrotic syndrome - Tranfusion
Nodular sclerosing
Inc suscept to infxn - primary amyloidosis - punched out lytic bone lesions - M spike - Ig light chains in urine - Rouleaud formations (stacked RBCs)
Gp1b - bernard - soulier - dec platelets (giant platelets not counted) - inc BT
8. What are the presenting symptoms of acute intermittent porphyria
Both alpha and beta thal
Painful abdomen (also in lead poisoning) - red wine colored urine - polyneuropathy - psychological distrubances - precipated by drugs -
Parvovirus
T(12;21)
9. discrete tumor masses arising from lymph nodes
Multiple myeloma
Reed - sternberg cells
CNS and testis
Lymphoma
10. What do the platelets bind? What is the step called
Positive osmootic fragility test and splenectomy
No antigen - both antibodies
Sideroblastic anemia
They bind vWF via GpIb
11. Basophilic nuclear remnants fonud in RBCs
Myelofibrosis (marow is crying being its fibrosed'
Howell - Jolly bodies - hypo/asplenia
Tissue
Indirect coombs - agglutinate if serum anti RBC surface Ig
12. Which maternal antibodies cross the placenta - anti A/B or anti Rh
Extrinsic - I - II - V - VII and X
Anti Rh
DDAVP (desmopressin) which releases stored vWF stored in endothelium
PENTAD: neurologic sx - renal sx - fever - thrombocytopenia - MAHA
13. Spherocyte
CD15 and CD30 pos
Varying sizes
Hereditary spherocytosis - autoimmune hemolysis
Beta chain underproduced - asymptomatic - heterozygote
14. Which pathway and factors are tested in the PTT test
Diffuse Large b cell lymphoma
No
Intrinsic - all factors except - VII - XIII
Examples of oxidative stress
15. What is the tx for aplastic anemia
Hereditary elloptocytosis
Megakaryocytes
Inc vasodiltion - inc perm - inc pain
Allogenic bone marrow transplant - RBC/platelet transfusion - C- GSF - or GM- CSF
16. What percentage if WBCs are polys?
Plummer - vinson syndrome
Ringed sideronblasts with iron laden mitochondria
40 to 75
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP)
17. What is the characteristic histologic finding in Hodgkin Lymphoma
Easy gas exchange
Reed - sternberg cells
TXA2 - dec blood flow - inc platelet aggregation
Varying sizes
18. What are some causes of warm agglutinin autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
SLE - CLL - alpha methyldopa
Antigen - antibody
Ringed sideronblasts with iron laden mitochondria
Multiple myeloma
19. Where are monocytes typically found - where do they go - and What do the differentiate into?
2 to 10
40 to 50
Blod - tissue - MACS
Epoxide reductase - warfarin inhibits
20. What is the accumulated substance in lead poisoning
Multiple - peripheral nodes - extranodal involvement - noncontiguous spread
Protoporphyrin (blood)
Hereditary elloptocytosis
No platelet clumping
21. Who has more severe disease - HbSS or HbSC
VIII
Inc
HbSS
Incactivates II - VII - IX - X - XI - XII
22. Blood type A
XIIa activates kallikrein - which activates plasmin (and converts HMWK to bradykinin
Inhibits thrombin - ixa - xa - xiia - and activated by heparin
Aplastic anemia - pancytopenia
A antigen and B antibodies
23. tennis rackets on EM
Down - up - down
Birbeck granules
Inc large vWF multimers - inc platelet aggregation and thrombosis
Von Willebrand's disease
24. iron deficiency anemia - esophageal web - atrophic glossitis
Low O2 in papilla; can also get microhematuria from medullary infarcts
Gp1b
Mantle cell lymphoma
Plummer - vinson syndrome
25. Where are basophils found?
5- FU - AZT - hydroxyurea
2 to 10
Blood
Howell - Jolly bodies - hypo/asplenia
26. What do the labs show for TTP?
Intrinsic - all factors except - VII - XIII
Schistocytes and inc LDH
Polycythemia vera with inc plasma volume - inc RBCs - inc EPO
CNS and testis
27. Which immunoglobulin is involved in warm agglutination?
Radiation/drugs - viral agents - fanconi's anemia - idiopathic may follow acute hepatitis
IgG - Warm is GREAT
DIC
Ticlopidine/clopidogrel
28. What is the main source of energy in RBCs
Peripheral neuropathy - posterior columns (vibration/proprioception) - lateral corticospinal (spasticity) - dementia
No platelet clumping
Burkitt lymphoma
90% anearobically from glucose to lactate - 10% from HMP shunt
29. What is the most common hodgkin lymphoma
Nodular sclerosing
B12/folate def
Produce antibody - lots of RER and golgi
TXA2 - dec blood flow - inc platelet aggregation
30. What is the pathogenesis of sickle cell
Alpha thal - asian and african american
Glucose and heme - which inhibit ALA synthase
Deoxygenated HbS polymerizes - low O2 or dehydration precipiates sickling - anemia and veno - occlusive disease
Blasts > 5%
31. hemolytic in a newborn - dec ATP and rigid RBCs
No lytic bone lesions in WM
Peroxidase
Langerhans cells
Pyruvate kinase def - extravascular
32. What are the pro aggregation factors?
B6 therapy (pyrodixine)
Lead - and EtOH
Reed - sternberg cells
TXA2 - dec blood flow - inc platelet aggregation
33. Back pain - hemoglobinuria
Valine for glutamate
Aspirin
Common a few days after oxidative stress in a pt with G6PD
HyperCalcemia - Renal insuff - Anemia - Bone lytic lesions/Back pain
34. Widespread activation of clotting to a deficiency in clotting factors which causes a bleeding states
They bind vWF via GpIb
DIC
Intravascular hemolysis
Multiple myeloma
35. Crew cut on skull xray due to marrow supression - 8% of AA population - single amino acid replacement in beta chain at position 6 - after a DNA point mutation
Peripheral neuropathy - posterior columns (vibration/proprioception) - lateral corticospinal (spasticity) - dementia
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
PENTAD: neurologic sx - renal sx - fever - thrombocytopenia - MAHA
Sickle cell
36. What are the neuro sx of B12 def?
MHC II and Fc receptors
Peripheral neuropathy - posterior columns (vibration/proprioception) - lateral corticospinal (spasticity) - dementia
Glucose and heme - which inhibit ALA synthase
Sideroblastic anemia
37. normal RBCs added to patient's serum
Causes of DIC: Sepsis (gram neg) - Trauma - Obstetric complications - acute Pancreatitis - Malignancy - Nephrotic syndrome - Tranfusion
ADP and Ca
Inc bleeding time - microhemorrhage: mucuous membrane bleeding - epitaxis - petechiae - purpura - possible thrombocytopenia
Indirect coombs - agglutinate if serum anti RBC surface Ig
38. What are the etiologies of B12 def
Blistering cutaneous photosens - most common porphyria
Acts to stabilize platelet plug
Glycine and succinyl - coa
Insufficient intake as with strict vegans - malabsorption as in crohns - pernicious anemia - diphyllobothrium
39. How do platelet disorders present?
Inc bleeding time - microhemorrhage: mucuous membrane bleeding - epitaxis - petechiae - purpura - possible thrombocytopenia
Kids= exposure to lead paint - adults = battery - ammunition factory
Hydroxyurea - bone marrow transplant
Plasma cell
40. Where are 1/3 of platelets stored
Peripheral neuropathy - posterior columns (vibration/proprioception) - lateral corticospinal (spasticity) - dementia
Alpha thal - asian and african american
Spleen
1 to 6
41. What causes hydrops fetalis
Inc bleeding time - microhemorrhage: mucuous membrane bleeding - epitaxis - petechiae - purpura - possible thrombocytopenia
Macrohemorrhage - hemarthroses - easy bruising
Hb Barts - gamma4 in defect in all 4 alpha genes
Eleveated PT - PTT
42. Which enzyme converts vit k to activated vit k - and what substance inhibits this enzyme
Africa = Jaw lesion - US = pelvis or abdomen
TAIL - thalassemias - anemia of chronic disease - iron def - lead poisoning
Down - down - up
Epoxide reductase - warfarin inhibits
43. What is relative polycythemia
ADP binding to receptors causes upregulation of GpIIb/IIIa expression at platelet surface
Hb Barts - gamma4 in defect in all 4 alpha genes
Dec plasma volume
Yes - via MHC II
44. Where do B cells arise from - mature - and migrate to...
Anti Rh
Malnutrition - malabsoprtion - impaired metabolism - inc requirement as in an hemolytic anemia or pregnancy
Leukemia
Marrow - marrow - follicles of lymph nodes - white pulp of spleen (unencapsulated lymphoid tissue)
45. What is the effect of ACE on bradykinin
No platelet clumping
Rhogam - Rh antigen immunoglobulin
Extrinsic - I - II - V - VII and X
Inactivates it
46. dec ability to activate factors V and VIII - inc risk of thrombotic skin necrosis with hemorrhage following administration of warfarin
MHC II and Fc receptors
PGI2 - NO inc blood flow - dec platelet aggregation
Protein C or S deficiency
Intravascular
47. philadelphia chromosome - blood looks like marrow
Bite cells and Heinz bodies
Nl PT - elevated PTT - intrinsic pathway defect
CML
Howell Jolly bodies
48. What do you see on peripheral smear with sideroblastic anemia
Easy gas exchange
Intrinsic - all factors except - VII - XIII
Direct coombs - agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig
Ringed sideronblasts with iron laden mitochondria
49. What is the treatment for acute intermittent porphyria
Paraprotein spike - monoclonal protein
Protoporphyrin (blood)
Glucose and heme - which inhibit ALA synthase
Down - down - up
50. t(8;14) c - myc gene
Inc lymphoctes - and less RS cells
Burkitt lymphoma
Polycythemia vera
Langerhans cell histiocytosis