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Test your basic knowledge |
Hemeonc
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does decreasing heme do to ALA synthase activity?
Inc
IFN gama
Up - down - up
Extravascular hemolysis
2. What is the tx for aplastic anemia
Allogenic bone marrow transplant - RBC/platelet transfusion - C- GSF - or GM- CSF
Leukemia
Essential thrombocytosis
B symptoms - fever night sweats - weight loss
3. What is the activation stage of platelet plug formation?
ADP and Ca
Peripheral neuropathy - posterior columns (vibration/proprioception) - lateral corticospinal (spasticity) - dementia
VIII
ADP binding to receptors causes upregulation of GpIIb/IIIa expression at platelet surface
4. What do you see in vit K def
Sickle cell anemia
Heinz bodies - seen in alpha thal and G6PD
Eleveated PT - PTT
Glucose and heme - which inhibit ALA synthase
5. Serum iron - transferrin - ferritin lab values for hemochromatosis
Up - down - up
Low O2 in papilla; can also get microhematuria from medullary infarcts
Varying shapes
Histamine - heparin - and eosinohil chemotactic factors
6. After an injury - What does vWF bind to begin platelet plug formation?
5- FU - AZT - hydroxyurea
Lead poisoning - rRNA causes aggregration of ribosomes and basophilic stippling
Exposed collagen upon endothelial damage
Hydrolytic enzymes - lysozyme - myeloperoxidase - lactoferrin
7. Blood type B
Aspirin
VWD
Megakaryocytes
B antigena and A antibodes
8. How do platelet disorders present?
VIII
Plasma cell
Inc bleeding time - microhemorrhage: mucuous membrane bleeding - epitaxis - petechiae - purpura - possible thrombocytopenia
HbC disease - Asplenia - Liver disease - thalassemia - 'HALT the hunter said to his target'
9. Intrinsic pathway coagulation defect and defect in platelet plug formation - most common inherited bleeding disorder - AD
Plasma cell
VWD
Lung disease - congenital heart diseaes - and high altitude
Inhibits thrombin - ixa - xa - xiia - and activated by heparin
10. t(15;17)
M3 AML (acute promyelocytic leukemia)
Dec
Glycine and succinyl - coa
T(9;22) bcr abl
11. Ringed sideroblasts
Factor V Leiden
Chloride bicarb antiport system - - allows transport of C02 from periph to lungs
Sideroblastic anemia
Malaria - Babesia
12. What is the presenting scenario for TTP?
Howell Jolly bodies
PENTAD: neurologic sx - renal sx - fever - thrombocytopenia - MAHA
Kidney - Gi - microcytic anemai in both - kids = mental retardation and adults = headache - memory loss - demyelination
Peroxidase
13. Marrow expansion - 'crew cut' on skull x ray - skeletal deformaties - and chipmunk faces
Beta thal
HbC disease - Asplenia - Liver disease - thalassemia - 'HALT the hunter said to his target'
Splicing sites and promotor sequences
Acts to stabilize platelet plug
14. What do the labs show for TTP?
Langerhans cells
Schistocytes and inc LDH
Down - down - up
Nodular sclerosing
15. Basophilic nuclear remnants fonud in RBCs
Hairy cell leukemia
Bleeding - malnutrition/absorption - inc demand pregs
Howell - Jolly bodies - hypo/asplenia
Aplastic anemia - pancytopenia
16. What is HbH
Beta 4
Lysosomes
CML to AML or All
90% anearobically from glucose to lactate - 10% from HMP shunt
17. What symptoms are associated with Hodgkin lymphoma
Rhogam - Rh antigen immunoglobulin
B symptoms - fever night sweats - weight loss
Glanzmann's throbmasthenia
Protein S - cleaves and invactivates Va and VIIIa
18. Can B cells function as APCs?
Yes - via MHC II
Bernard soulier
Antigen - antibody
Schistocytes and inc LDH
19. What is the result of thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction?
Petechiae
HbSS
HyperCalcemia - Renal insuff - Anemia - Bone lytic lesions/Back pain
Extravascular
20. What do platelets release necessary for coagulation cascaed?
TXA2 - dec blood flow - inc platelet aggregation
ADP and Ca
Glanzmann's throbmasthenia - GpIIb/IIIa - nl platelets - inc BT
A antigen and B antibodies
21. What is the mutation in HbS
...
40 to 50
Valine for glutamate
Inactivates it
22. What are some causes of cold agglutinin anemia
Cold - seen in CLL - mycoplasma pneumoniae infections or infectious mononucleosis
Sideroblastic anemia
Inc HbF and dec HbS
T(9;22) bcr abl
23. What do the iron studies show in sideroblastic anemia
Inflammation leads to inc hepcidin causing a dec in release from iron from macs: dec serum fe - dec TIBC - inc ferritin
Imatinib - anti bcr abl
Helminth infections major basic protein
Inc serum iron - normal TIBC - inc ferratin
24. What does hairy cell leukemia stain with
TAIL - thalassemias - anemia of chronic disease - iron def - lead poisoning
TRAP (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
Splicing sites and promotor sequences
Blood
25. What substances are released in mast cell degranulation
Folate def
Sickle cell
Bimodal - men>women - except for nodular sclerosing type
Histamine - heparin - and eosinohil chemotactic factors
26. What are the neuro sx of B12 def?
Leukemoid reaction
XIIa activates kallikrein - which activates plasmin (and converts HMWK to bradykinin
Peripheral neuropathy - posterior columns (vibration/proprioception) - lateral corticospinal (spasticity) - dementia
Varying sizes
27. Crew cut on skull xray due to marrow supression - 8% of AA population - single amino acid replacement in beta chain at position 6 - after a DNA point mutation
Bone marrow - thymus - blood (80% of circulating lymphos are T)
Porphyrias
PGI2 - NO inc blood flow - dec platelet aggregation
Sickle cell
28. What distinguishes multiple myeloma fromk Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia?
Blasts > 5%
No lytic bone lesions in WM
Complications of sickle cell anemia
B symptoms - fever night sweats - weight loss
29. inhibition of ferrochelatase and ALA dehydrogenase leading to dec heme synthesis - also inhibition of rRNA degradation
CNS and testis
Bone marrow - thymus - blood (80% of circulating lymphos are T)
Lead poisoning - rRNA causes aggregration of ribosomes and basophilic stippling
Spleen
30. What is appropriate absolyte polycythemia associated with
Beta chain underproduced - asymptomatic - heterozygote
Allogenic bone marrow transplant - RBC/platelet transfusion - C- GSF - or GM- CSF
Inactivates it
Lung disease - congenital heart diseaes - and high altitude
31. Where are basophils found?
Hereditary spherocytosis - G6PD - sickle cell
Howell - Jolly bodies - hypo/asplenia
...
Blood
32. anti - Ig antibody added to patients RBCs;
Plasma cell
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP)
AML
Direct coombs - agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig
33. Where are 1/3 of platelets stored
Birbeck granules
Spleen
Glucose and heme - which inhibit ALA synthase
Nodular sclerosing
34. What is the general pathology of a macrocytic anemia?
DNA synth impaired - maturation of nucleus delayed relative to maturation of cytoplasm
ADP binding to receptors causes upregulation of GpIIb/IIIa expression at platelet surface
Inc HbA2 on electrophoresis
Helps platelts adhere to endothelium
35. Target cell
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36. universal recipient
Spleen
SLE - CLL - alpha methyldopa
Multiple myeloma
AB - no antibodies
37. What is the therapy for CML (philly chrom)
Pyruvate kinase def - extravascular
B12 def
Imatinib - anti bcr abl
2 to 10
38. X linked defect in delta aminolevulinic acid synthase gene causes a defect in hemesynthesis
Aspirin
Petechiae
Hairy cell leukemia
Sideroblastic anemia
39. Teardrop cell
Bone marrow infiltration - myelofibrosis
Degrades fibrin mesh and converts C3 to C3a
Liver disease - abetalipoproteinemia - acntho = spiny
Direct coombs - agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig
40. What does bradykinin do?
Inc vasodiltion - inc perm - inc pain
Multiple myeloma
Lead poisoning - rRNA causes aggregration of ribosomes and basophilic stippling
Helminth infections major basic protein
41. mother's antibodies attack fetal RBCs
Hodgkin
Erythroblastosis fetalis - Rh or other blood antigen incompatibility
Cromolyn sodium
Beta chain underproduced - asymptomatic - heterozygote
42. From what cells are platelets derived from
Sideroblastic anemia
CD15 and CD30 pos
Megakaryocytes
Burkitt lymphoma
43. Serum iron - transferrin - ferritin lab values for iron def anemia
Off center nuclues - clock face chromatin
Cold - seen in CLL - mycoplasma pneumoniae infections or infectious mononucleosis
EBV
Down - up - down
44. What are the pro aggregation factors?
Peroxidase
Bone marrow - thymus - blood (80% of circulating lymphos are T)
TXA2 - dec blood flow - inc platelet aggregation
TRAP (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
45. normal RBCs added to patient's serum
Deoxygenated HbS polymerizes - low O2 or dehydration precipiates sickling - anemia and veno - occlusive disease
Indirect coombs - agglutinate if serum anti RBC surface Ig
Schistocytes and inc LDH
Nodular sclerosing
46. What are the anti aggregation factors?
Ankryin - band 4.1 or spectrin
B symptoms - fever night sweats - weight loss
PGI2 - NO inc blood flow - dec platelet aggregation
B6 therapy (pyrodixine)
47. HTLV-1
Adult T cell lymphoma - presents with cutaneous lesions
Inc RBC - dec O2 sat - inc EPO
Schistocytes and inc LDH
Up - down - nl
48. Which maternal antibodies cross the placenta - anti A/B or anti Rh
Blasts > 5%
HbSS
Hemolytic or non hemolytic - and then for the hemolytiuc - intravascular hemolysis or extravascular hemolysis
Anti Rh
49. What does increasing heme do to ALA synthase activity
Megakaryocytes
Intravascular
Dec
Blasts > 5%
50. What is hemophiliia A
Protein C or S deficiency
Deficiency in factor VIII
Protein S - cleaves and invactivates Va and VIIIa
1 to 6