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Test your basic knowledge |
Hemeonc
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. inc WBC count with left shift - inc leukocyte alkaline phosphatase - often due to infection
Langerhans cells
Leukemoid reaction
Hairy cell leukemia
TXA2 - dec blood flow - inc platelet aggregation
2. Which infections can cause MAHA?
Epoxide reductase - warfarin inhibits
Leukemia
Malaria - Babesia
Dec synthesis of factors 1972 - protein C/S
3. Conditions of defective heme synthesis leading to accumulation of heme precurors
Kids= exposure to lead paint - adults = battery - ammunition factory
Porphyrias
Hereditary spherocytosis - G6PD - sickle cell
Helminth infections major basic protein
4. Serum iron - transferrin - ferritin lab values for pregs - OCP use
Macrohemorrhage - hemarthroses - easy bruising
...
Nl - up - nl
Abciximab
5. What converts plasminogen to plasm and What does plasmin do?
No platelet clumping
CNS and testis
Leukemoid reaction
TPA - cleavage of fibrin mesh
6. Who are the professional APCs?
Dendritic cells?
Dec platelet survival and inc megakaryocytes - thrombocytopenia and inc BT
Multiple - peripheral nodes - extranodal involvement - noncontiguous spread
G6PD
7. What causes hydrops fetalis
Intravascular
Hb Barts - gamma4 in defect in all 4 alpha genes
WBC diff highest to lowest: neutrophils - lymphocytes - monocytes - eosinophils - basophils
CLL (SLL without the peripheral lymphocytosis
8. What causes the physiologic chloride shift and What does the chloride shift do?
Chloride bicarb antiport system - - allows transport of C02 from periph to lungs
AB - no antibodies
Diffuse Large b cell lymphoma
Reed - sternberg cells
9. What does Vit K deficiency cause?
Inc vasodiltion - inc perm - inc pain
Dec synthesis of factors 1972 - protein C/S
120 days
Inflammation leads to inc hepcidin causing a dec in release from iron from macs: dec serum fe - dec TIBC - inc ferritin
10. What is the treatment to prevent a woman from forming anti Rh antibody?
Degrades fibrin mesh and converts C3 to C3a
Rhogam - Rh antigen immunoglobulin
B12 def
Blasts > 5%
11. What percentage of WBCs are eosinophils?
Hemolytic or non hemolytic - and then for the hemolytiuc - intravascular hemolysis or extravascular hemolysis
1 to 6
Extravascular
40 to 50
12. What is the mutation in HbS
Folate def
Gp1b
Lead poisoning - rRNA causes aggregration of ribosomes and basophilic stippling
Valine for glutamate
13. Where are basophils found?
Radiation/drugs - viral agents - fanconi's anemia - idiopathic may follow acute hepatitis
Howell Jolly bodies
Blood
Inc HbA2 on electrophoresis
14. What are the pro aggregation factors?
TXA2 - dec blood flow - inc platelet aggregation
Imatinib - anti bcr abl
Ferrocheletase and ALA dehydrogenase
Examples of oxidative stress
15. What is the tx for sickle cell
Hydroxyurea - bone marrow transplant
Yes - via MHC II
B symptoms - fever night sweats - weight loss
Abciximab
16. What is the age breakdown for hodgkins
GpIIb/IIIa
Glanzmann's throbmasthenia - GpIIb/IIIa - nl platelets - inc BT
Down - down - up
Bimodal - men>women - except for nodular sclerosing type
17. Marrow expansion - 'crew cut' on skull x ray - skeletal deformaties - and chipmunk faces
Beta chain underproduced - asymptomatic - heterozygote
Hereditary spherocytosis - G6PD - sickle cell
AB - no antibodies
Beta thal
18. What is the accumulated substance in lead poisoning
Fe def - thal - pb poison - sideroblastic anemia
Hereditary spherocytosis
Protoporphyrin (blood)
Gp1b - bernard - soulier - dec platelets (giant platelets not counted) - inc BT
19. What begins the extrinsic pathway?
AML
Tissue factor converst the VII and VIIa
Nl - up - nl
Dec plasma volume
20. Mutation in 3' untranslated region associated with venous clots
Leukemoid reaction
Insufficient intake as with strict vegans - malabsorption as in crohns - pernicious anemia - diphyllobothrium
Prothrombin gene mutation
Extravascular hemolysis
21. What does 'Neutrophils Like Making Everything Better' stand for?
VWF carries/protects factor VIII
Langerhans cells
Extravascular
WBC diff highest to lowest: neutrophils - lymphocytes - monocytes - eosinophils - basophils
22. What causes renal papillary necrosis in sickle cell
Neoplastic - asthma - allergic processes - collagen vacsular disease - parasites
XIIa activates kallikrein - which activates plasmin (and converts HMWK to bradykinin
Low O2 in papilla; can also get microhematuria from medullary infarcts
Liver disease - abetalipoproteinemia - acntho = spiny
23. What do labs show in ITP?
Dec platelet survival and inc megakaryocytes - thrombocytopenia and inc BT
Hydroxyurea - bone marrow transplant
Extravascular
Up - down - nl
24. What does ectopic EPO produce
Inappropriate absolute with inc RBCs and EPO
SLE - CLL - alpha methyldopa
Down - down - up
Von Willebrand's disease
25. Back pain - hemoglobinuria
Common a few days after oxidative stress in a pt with G6PD
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
40 to 50
Kids= exposure to lead paint - adults = battery - ammunition factory
26. How are the nucleus and the cytoplasm characterized for lymphocytes
Round densly staining nucleus with a small amount of pale cytoplasm
B6
ADP and Ca
Inc serum iron - normal TIBC - inc ferratin
27. adults - auer rods - inc circulating myeblasts on peripheral smear
Diffuse Large b cell lymphoma
Anti Rh
Intravascular
AML
28. What is the mutation in HbC
Lysine for glutamate at position 6
< 1% - heparin - histamine - LTD-4 - other vasoactive amines
Hereditary spherocytosis
IFN gama
29. Serum iron - transferrin - ferritin lab values for hemochromatosis
Up - down - nl
Up - down - up
Beta chain underproduced - asymptomatic - heterozygote
ADP and Ca
30. What causes the jaundice in extravascular hemolysis
They bind vWF via GpIb
Lacunar in nodular sclerosing variant
Inc UCB
1 to 6
31. What state is commonly associated with nonHod lymphoma
HIV or immunosupression
ADP binding to receptors causes upregulation of GpIIb/IIIa expression at platelet surface
Down - up - down
Complications of sickle cell anemia
32. What is factor V leidin?
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33. Drug that inhibits COX and therefore TXA2 synthesis
Von Willebrand's disease
Aspirin
Hairy cell leukemia
Bimodal - men>women - except for nodular sclerosing type
34. Defect in platelet to collagen adhesion - receptor - disorder - platelet count and BT
Aspirin
Cromolyn sodium
Gp1b - bernard - soulier - dec platelets (giant platelets not counted) - inc BT
Complications of sickle cell anemia
35. What is the most common nonhodgkin lymphoma
G6PD
Beta thal
Diffuse Large b cell lymphoma
B12 def
36. Upregulated growth of leukocytes in bone marro
Leukemia
Chloride bicarb antiport system - - allows transport of C02 from periph to lungs
Fibrinogen
Beta 4
37. Aplastic crisis after parvovirus - autosplenectomy - salmonella osteomyelitis - painful crisis - renal papillary necrosis - splenic sequestration
Dec synthesis of factors 1972 - protein C/S
Lead - and EtOH
Lead poisoning - rRNA causes aggregration of ribosomes and basophilic stippling
Complications of sickle cell anemia
38. abnormal clone of hematopoetic stem cells are increasingly sensitive to growth factors - inc RBC - JAK2 mut
Plasma cell
Acts to stabilize platelet plug
Polycythemia vera
Nl - up - nl
39. hypersegmented PMNs - glossitis - dec folate - inc homocysteine - nl methylmalonic acid
Megakaryocytes
< 1% - heparin - histamine - LTD-4 - other vasoactive amines
Folate def
Incactivates II - VII - IX - X - XI - XII
40. Tdt+ - CAllA+ - kids in the marrow - adolescent males with mediastinal mass
All
Varying sizes
Round densly staining nucleus with a small amount of pale cytoplasm
Paraprotein spike - monoclonal protein
41. philadelphia chromosome - blood looks like marrow
Bone marrow infiltration - myelofibrosis
CLL (SLL without the peripheral lymphocytosis
CML
Glanzmann's throbmasthenia
42. Which pathway and factorrs are tested by the PT coag test
B6
Peroxidase
CML to AML or All
Extrinsic - I - II - V - VII and X
43. What are some causes of warm agglutinin autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
SLE - CLL - alpha methyldopa
Contiguous
Common a few days after oxidative stress in a pt with G6PD
Lymphoma
44. bcl -2 t(14;18) adults
B12 in fatty acid pathways leads to subacute combined degeneration
Follicular lymphoma - indolent course
Contiguous
Petechiae
45. What is the Ddx for for a macrocytic anemia
Folate/B12 - nonmegaoblastic anemias - liver dz - EtOH (non folate/B12) reticulocytosis - metabolic disorder - drugs
Blistering cutaneous photosens - most common porphyria
Beta chain absent - homozgote - severe anemia requiring blood transfusion - secondary hemochromatosis
Parvovirus
46. X linked defect in delta aminolevulinic acid synthase gene causes a defect in hemesynthesis
ADP binding to receptors causes upregulation of GpIIb/IIIa expression at platelet surface
HyperCalcemia - Renal insuff - Anemia - Bone lytic lesions/Back pain
Parvovirus
Sideroblastic anemia
47. What is the treatment for lead poising?
Glucose and heme - which inhibit ALA synthase
Dimercaprol and EDTA 1st line of treatment - succimer for kids - it sucks to be a kid who eats lead
Inappropriate absolute with inc RBCs and EPO
5- FU - AZT - hydroxyurea
48. What signal activates MACS
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Radiation/drugs - viral agents - fanconi's anemia - idiopathic may follow acute hepatitis
IFN gama
Uroporphyrin (tea colored urine)
49. What activates protein C and What does activated protein C do?
HbC disease - Asplenia - Liver disease - thalassemia - 'HALT the hunter said to his target'
90% anearobically from glucose to lactate - 10% from HMP shunt
DDAVP (desmopressin) which releases stored vWF stored in endothelium
Protein S - cleaves and invactivates Va and VIIIa
50. What does bradykinin do?
No lytic bone lesions in WM
Dec plasma volume
Round densly staining nucleus with a small amount of pale cytoplasm
Inc vasodiltion - inc perm - inc pain