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Test your basic knowledge |
Hemeonc
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Deficiency in GpIb
Off center nuclues - clock face chromatin
40 to 50
Bernard soulier
Multiple - peripheral nodes - extranodal involvement - noncontiguous spread
2. Wilm's tumor - RCC - HCC - hydronephrosis
Inc vasodiltion - inc perm - inc pain
1 to 6
Polycythemia vera with inc plasma volume - inc RBCs - inc EPO
Megaloblastic anemia (also hypersegmented PMNs - marrow failure)
3. What is the effect of ACE on bradykinin
All trans retinoic acid
Acts to stabilize platelet plug
Cold - seen in CLL - mycoplasma pneumoniae infections or infectious mononucleosis
Inactivates it
4. What happens in betal thal minor?
Kidney - Gi - microcytic anemai in both - kids = mental retardation and adults = headache - memory loss - demyelination
Macrohemorrhage - hemarthroses - easy bruising
Beta chain underproduced - asymptomatic - heterozygote
Uroporphyrin (tea colored urine)
5. bcl -2 t(14;18) adults
Dendritic cells?
DDAVP (desmopressin) which releases stored vWF stored in endothelium
Follicular lymphoma - indolent course
8-10 days
6. mother's antibodies attack fetal RBCs
Polycythemia vera
Erythroblastosis fetalis - Rh or other blood antigen incompatibility
MHC II and Fc receptors
Intrinsic - all factors except - VII - XIII
7. Serum iron - transferrin - ferritin lab values for hemochromatosis
DIC
Up - down - up
Acts to stabilize platelet plug
Examples of oxidative stress
8. What does LEAD stand for in lead poisoning?
DDAVP (desmopressin) which releases stored vWF stored in endothelium
40 to 75
CLL (SLL without the peripheral lymphocytosis
Lead lines on gingivae and epiphyses of long bones on xray - Encephalopathy and Erythrocyte basophilic stippling - Abdominal colic and Anemia - Drops - wrist and foot drop -
9. What is the coombs test results in AIHA?
Causes of DIC: Sepsis (gram neg) - Trauma - Obstetric complications - acute Pancreatitis - Malignancy - Nephrotic syndrome - Tranfusion
Easy gas exchange
Inc UCB
Pos
10. Who has more severe disease - HbSS or HbSC
MGUS - monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Neoplastic - asthma - allergic processes - collagen vacsular disease - parasites
HbSS
40 to 50
11. What do you see on peripheral smear with sideroblastic anemia
Ringed sideronblasts with iron laden mitochondria
Schistocytes - helmet cells
Glycine and succinyl - coa
Imatinib - anti bcr abl
12. What is hemophiliia A
Deficiency in factor VIII
Epoxide reductase - warfarin inhibits
B6 therapy (pyrodixine)
Factor V Leiden
13. X linked defect in delta aminolevulinic acid synthase gene causes a defect in hemesynthesis
Tissue factor converst the VII and VIIa
Nl - up - nl
Sideroblastic anemia
Dec platelet survival and inc megakaryocytes - thrombocytopenia and inc BT
14. What do eosinophils defend against and What do they use to do it?
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
Up - down - nl
Fe def - thal - pb poison - sideroblastic anemia
Helminth infections major basic protein
15. What do you see in vit K def
Porphobilinogen - delta ALA - uroporphyrin
HIV or immunosupression
Eleveated PT - PTT
Inc RBC - dec O2 sat - inc EPO
16. Deficiency in GpIIb/IIIa
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17. adults - auer rods - inc circulating myeblasts on peripheral smear
Blasts > 5%
DIC
GpIIb/IIIa
AML
18. What are the extrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemias?
Imatinib - anti bcr abl
...
B cells
AB - no antibodies
19. hypersegmented PMNs - glossitis - dec folate - inc homocysteine - nl methylmalonic acid
Nodular sclerosing
Folate def
MAHA
Marrow - marrow - follicles of lymph nodes - white pulp of spleen (unencapsulated lymphoid tissue)
20. What activates the fibrinolytic pathway?
Sickle cell
XIIa activates kallikrein - which activates plasmin (and converts HMWK to bradykinin
CLL (SLL without the peripheral lymphocytosis
Heinz bodies - seen in alpha thal and G6PD
21. What are the two substances produced by eosinophils help limit the reaction following mast cell degranulation?
A antigen and B antibodies
ADP binding to receptors causes upregulation of GpIIb/IIIa expression at platelet surface
Histaminase and arylsulfatase
Inc serum iron - normal TIBC - inc ferratin
22. What activates the intrinsic pathway?
Glanzmann's throbmasthenia
Inc vasodiltion - inc perm - inc pain
Collagen - BM - activated platelets
Signs and sx of aplastic anemia
23. What do platelets interact with to form a hemostatic plug
Extravascular hemolysis
Def in factor IX
Ferrocheletase and ALA dehydrogenase
Fibrinogen
24. What is the effected enzyme in acute intermittment porphyria?
Porphobilinogen deaminase aka uroporphyrinogen I synthase
Nodular sclerosing
Porphyrias
Blod - tissue - MACS
25. anti - Ig antibody added to patients RBCs;
Varying sizes
Direct coombs - agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig
Her next Rh+ fetus
Painful abdomen (also in lead poisoning) - red wine colored urine - polyneuropathy - psychological distrubances - precipated by drugs -
26. What are the main associations with multiple myeloma?
CNS and testis
Inc suscept to infxn - primary amyloidosis - punched out lytic bone lesions - M spike - Ig light chains in urine - Rouleaud formations (stacked RBCs)
Degrades fibrin mesh and converts C3 to C3a
Cromolyn sodium
27. What is the characteristic lab finding on electrophoresis
M3 AML (acute promyelocytic leukemia)
Extravascular
Paraprotein spike - monoclonal protein
Tissue factor converst the VII and VIIa
28. What are the azuraphilic granules in PMNs
Inc vasodiltion - inc perm - inc pain
They bind vWF via GpIb
Lysosomes
Protein S - cleaves and invactivates Va and VIIIa
29. What are the age ranges for the various leukemias
Lung disease - congenital heart diseaes - and high altitude
All < 15 - AML = median onset around 60 - CML = 30 to 60 - and CLL > 60
Lead poisoning - rRNA causes aggregration of ribosomes and basophilic stippling
Collagen - BM - activated platelets
30. inhibition of ferrochelatase and ALA dehydrogenase leading to dec heme synthesis - also inhibition of rRNA degradation
Fe def - thal - pb poison - sideroblastic anemia
No antigen - both antibodies
Hodgkin
Lead poisoning - rRNA causes aggregration of ribosomes and basophilic stippling
31. Macro - ovalocyte
Dec plasma volume
Megaloblastic anemia (also hypersegmented PMNs - marrow failure)
Mantle cell lymphoma
Glanzmann's throbmasthenia
32. What reveresible things can a sideroblastic anemia
Lead - and EtOH
All trans retinoic acid
Nl - up - nl
40 to 50
33. Defect in proteins interacting with RBC membrane skeleton and plasma membrane
Fibrinogen bind GpIIb/IIIa and links platelts
Radiation/drugs - viral agents - fanconi's anemia - idiopathic may follow acute hepatitis
Hereditary spherocytosis
Factor V Leiden
34. What do you see in peripheral smear in a pt with G6PD?
Anti Rh
Bite cells and Heinz bodies
Beta chain underproduced - asymptomatic - heterozygote
Mantle cell - older males
35. What is the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia with kidney disease
Decrease EPO
Lung disease - congenital heart diseaes - and high altitude
Signs and sx of aplastic anemia
Cromolyn sodium
36. universal recipient
Africa = Jaw lesion - US = pelvis or abdomen
Beta thal
PGI2 - NO inc blood flow - dec platelet aggregation
AB - no antibodies
37. Serum iron - transferrin - ferritin lab values for pregs - OCP use
Nl PT - elevated PTT - intrinsic pathway defect
Tissue
Nl - up - nl
All < 15 - AML = median onset around 60 - CML = 30 to 60 - and CLL > 60
38. What is the difference of presentation of Burkitt in Africa vs the United States
Dimercaprol and EDTA 1st line of treatment - succimer for kids - it sucks to be a kid who eats lead
Africa = Jaw lesion - US = pelvis or abdomen
Down - up - down
Leukemia
39. What is the therapy for the M3 variant?
Burkitt lymphoma
Lead poisoning - rRNA causes aggregration of ribosomes and basophilic stippling
Schistocytes - helmet cells
All trans retinoic acid
40. What percentage of WBCs are basophils - and What is found in their basophilic granules?
2 to 10
< 1% - heparin - histamine - LTD-4 - other vasoactive amines
Lacunar in nodular sclerosing variant
CML
41. What is the age group most commonly affected by multiple myeloma
Both alpha and beta thal
Painful abdomen (also in lead poisoning) - red wine colored urine - polyneuropathy - psychological distrubances - precipated by drugs -
40 to 50
Protoporphyrin
42. What distinguishes multiple myeloma fromk Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia?
Mantle cell - older males
No lytic bone lesions in WM
Polycythemia vera with inc plasma volume - inc RBCs - inc EPO
Inhibits thrombin - ixa - xa - xiia - and activated by heparin
43. What is appropriate absolute polycythemia
Inc RBC - dec O2 sat - inc EPO
Parvovirus
HbSS
Both alpha and beta thal
44. What does plasmin do?
Pyruvate kinase def - extravascular
Hereditary elloptocytosis
Degrades fibrin mesh and converts C3 to C3a
Beta chain underproduced - asymptomatic - heterozygote
45. Defect in platelet to platelet adhesion - receptor - disorder - platelet count and bleeding time
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46. Where are 1/3 of platelets stored
Ferrocheletase and ALA dehydrogenase
Mantle cell - older males
Deoxygenated HbS polymerizes - low O2 or dehydration precipiates sickling - anemia and veno - occlusive disease
Spleen
47. philadelphia chromosome - blood looks like marrow
Extravascular hemolysis
ADP and Ca
Hydrolytic enzymes - lysozyme - myeloperoxidase - lactoferrin
CML
48. Where to T cells arise and mature - and migrate to...
Bone marrow - thymus - blood (80% of circulating lymphos are T)
1 to 6
Heinz bodies - seen in alpha thal and G6PD
Indirect coombs - agglutinate if serum anti RBC surface Ig
49. inc LDH - jaundice
They bind vWF via GpIb
Multiple - peripheral nodes - extranodal involvement - noncontiguous spread
Ewing sarcoma
Extravascular hemolysis
50. What is the life spance of a platelet?
Bone marrow - thymus - blood (80% of circulating lymphos are T)
Africa = Jaw lesion - US = pelvis or abdomen
8-10 days
Hydroxyurea - bone marrow transplant