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Test your basic knowledge |
Hemeonc
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What signal activates MACS
Blasts > 5%
IFN gama
Beta 4
Anemia of chronic disease - Aplastic anemia - kidney disease
2. Intrinsic pathway coagulation defect and defect in platelet plug formation - most common inherited bleeding disorder - AD
Leukemoid reaction
T(12;21)
Von Willebrand's disease
VWD
3. What do they express on their surface?
MGUS - monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
...
Inc HbA2 on electrophoresis
MHC II and Fc receptors
4. What is the philadelphia chromosome
Hodgkin
T(9;22) bcr abl
Peripheral neuropathy - posterior columns (vibration/proprioception) - lateral corticospinal (spasticity) - dementia
Erythroblastosis fetalis - Rh or other blood antigen incompatibility
5. What are some classic examples of extravascular hemolysis
Hereditary spherocytosis - G6PD - sickle cell
Multiple - peripheral nodes - extranodal involvement - noncontiguous spread
TAIL - thalassemias - anemia of chronic disease - iron def - lead poisoning
TPA - cleavage of fibrin mesh
6. In a Rh - mother who has developed anti Rh antibodies - who is at risk of hemolytic disease?
ADP and Ca
Her next Rh+ fetus
B6
Inducers of primary antibody response
7. can be asymptomatic - often in older adults - peripheral blood lymphcytosis with smudge cells and warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
CLL (SLL without the peripheral lymphocytosis
Polycythemia vera with inc plasma volume - inc RBCs - inc EPO
Tissue
Inflammation leads to inc hepcidin causing a dec in release from iron from macs: dec serum fe - dec TIBC - inc ferritin
8. From what cells are platelets derived from
Anemia of chronic disease - Aplastic anemia - kidney disease
Nl PT - elevated PTT - intrinsic pathway defect
Megakaryocytes
MGUS - monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
9. What does STOP Making New Thrombi stand for
Causes of DIC: Sepsis (gram neg) - Trauma - Obstetric complications - acute Pancreatitis - Malignancy - Nephrotic syndrome - Tranfusion
Imatinib - anti bcr abl
Schistocytes - helmet cells
Porphobilinogen - delta ALA - uroporphyrin
10. Defect in platelet to collagen adhesion - receptor - disorder - platelet count and BT
Gp1b - bernard - soulier - dec platelets (giant platelets not counted) - inc BT
Inducers of primary antibody response
ADP and Ca
Dendritic cells?
11. What happens in beta thal major?
Bernard soulier
Dimercaprol and EDTA 1st line of treatment - succimer for kids - it sucks to be a kid who eats lead
Beta chain absent - homozgote - severe anemia requiring blood transfusion - secondary hemochromatosis
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
12. Conditions of defective heme synthesis leading to accumulation of heme precurors
Porphyrias
Incactivates II - VII - IX - X - XI - XII
Aspirin
TPA - cleavage of fibrin mesh
13. Where are monocytes typically found - where do they go - and What do the differentiate into?
Blod - tissue - MACS
Megakaryocytes
They bind vWF via GpIb
Liver disease - abetalipoproteinemia - acntho = spiny
14. Which lymphoma is characterized by localized involvement with a single group of nodes and mediastinal lymphadenopathy
B antigena and A antibodes
Hodgkin
Nl PT - elevated PTT - intrinsic pathway defect
1 to 6
15. What do auer rods stain with
ADP and Ca
Peroxidase
Inc HbF and dec HbS
DIC
16. What is the age group most commonly affected by multiple myeloma
Abciximab
Glanzmann's throbmasthenia - GpIIb/IIIa - nl platelets - inc BT
Inc bleeding time - microhemorrhage: mucuous membrane bleeding - epitaxis - petechiae - purpura - possible thrombocytopenia
40 to 50
17. What is the tx for vWD
Polycythemia vera
Polycythemia vera with inc plasma volume - inc RBCs - inc EPO
Lymphoma
DDAVP (desmopressin) which releases stored vWF stored in endothelium
18. What does plasmin do?
1 to 6
Hydroxyurea - bone marrow transplant
VIII
Degrades fibrin mesh and converts C3 to C3a
19. What is the effect of ACE on bradykinin
Inactivates it
120 days
Ewing sarcoma
Inflammation leads to inc hepcidin causing a dec in release from iron from macs: dec serum fe - dec TIBC - inc ferritin
20. Drug that inhbits the GpIIb/IIIa directly
Diffuse Large b cell lymphoma
Varying sizes
PGI2 - NO inc blood flow - dec platelet aggregation
Abciximab
21. What percentage of WBCs are monocytes?
Extravascular hemolysis
2 to 10
Bite cells and Heinz bodies
Inducers of primary antibody response
22. After an injury - What does vWF bind to begin platelet plug formation?
Hereditary elloptocytosis
Peripheral neuropathy - posterior columns (vibration/proprioception) - lateral corticospinal (spasticity) - dementia
Parvovirus
Exposed collagen upon endothelial damage
23. What substance accumulates in porphyria cutanea
Uroporphyrin (tea colored urine)
Malaria - Babesia
Sideroblastic anemia
Blod - tissue - MACS
24. S-100 and CD1a with birbeck granules
Imatinib - anti bcr abl
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Adult T cell lymphoma - presents with cutaneous lesions
Extravascular
25. Production of mutant factor V that cannot by degraded by protein C - most common cause of inherited hypercoaguability
40 to 50
HIV or immunosupression
Factor V Leiden
Mantle cell - older males
26. Teardrop cell
Down - down - up
Bone marrow infiltration - myelofibrosis
Gp1b - bernard - soulier - dec platelets (giant platelets not counted) - inc BT
Intravascular hemolysis
27. What is the main source of energy in RBCs
IgG - Warm is GREAT
B6 therapy (pyrodixine)
Aspirin
90% anearobically from glucose to lactate - 10% from HMP shunt
28. t(11:22)
VIII
Imatinib - anti bcr abl
Nl - up - nl
Ewing sarcoma
29. What is the Ddx for a normocytic - normochromic anemia?
Hemolytic or non hemolytic - and then for the hemolytiuc - intravascular hemolysis or extravascular hemolysis
Dec platelet survival and inc megakaryocytes - thrombocytopenia and inc BT
Painful abdomen (also in lead poisoning) - red wine colored urine - polyneuropathy - psychological distrubances - precipated by drugs -
B antigena and A antibodes
30. What percentage if WBCs are polys?
40 to 75
G6PD
Malnutrition - malabsoprtion - impaired metabolism - inc requirement as in an hemolytic anemia or pregnancy
TAIL - thalassemias - anemia of chronic disease - iron def - lead poisoning
31. What does antithrombin do and What activates it?
Inhibits thrombin - ixa - xa - xiia - and activated by heparin
2 to 10
Inc lymphoctes - and less RS cells
Inc vasodiltion - inc perm - inc pain
32. What are the presenting symptoms of acute intermittent porphyria
Collagen - BM - activated platelets
No lytic bone lesions in WM
Pyruvate kinase def - extravascular
Painful abdomen (also in lead poisoning) - red wine colored urine - polyneuropathy - psychological distrubances - precipated by drugs -
33. What causes the jaundice in extravascular hemolysis
40 to 75
B symptoms - fever night sweats - weight loss
Inc UCB
Pos
34. Inherited deficiency of antithrombin; reduced inc in PTT after administration of heparin
Uroporphyrin (tea colored urine)
Inc UCB
ATIII def
Ewing sarcoma
35. Macro - ovalocyte
Kids= exposure to lead paint - adults = battery - ammunition factory
Helminth infections major basic protein
Megaloblastic anemia (also hypersegmented PMNs - marrow failure)
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
36. What is the affected enzyme in lead poisoning
Ferrocheletase and ALA dehydrogenase
Down - up - down
Nl PT - elevated PTT - intrinsic pathway defect
Fe def - thal - pb poison - sideroblastic anemia
37. discrete tumor masses arising from lymph nodes
Lymphoma
Causes of DIC: Sepsis (gram neg) - Trauma - Obstetric complications - acute Pancreatitis - Malignancy - Nephrotic syndrome - Tranfusion
Diffuse Large b cell lymphoma
Off center nuclues - clock face chromatin
38. Which infections can cause MAHA?
Malaria - Babesia
Protoporphyrin
Myelofibrosis (marow is crying being its fibrosed'
Blod - tissue - MACS
39. What are the age ranges for the various leukemias
Peroxidase
Protoporphyrin (blood)
Inc HbA2 on electrophoresis
All < 15 - AML = median onset around 60 - CML = 30 to 60 - and CLL > 60
40. Defect in proteins interacting with RBC membrane skeleton and plasma membrane
Round densly staining nucleus with a small amount of pale cytoplasm
Hereditary spherocytosis
90% anearobically from glucose to lactate - 10% from HMP shunt
Helps platelts adhere to endothelium
41. Where do you see hypersegmented polys?
Nodular sclerosing
Causes of DIC: Sepsis (gram neg) - Trauma - Obstetric complications - acute Pancreatitis - Malignancy - Nephrotic syndrome - Tranfusion
B12/folate def
Porphobilinogen deaminase aka uroporphyrinogen I synthase
42. What is their role?
B symptoms - fever night sweats - weight loss
Tissue factor converst the VII and VIIa
Inducers of primary antibody response
Mantle cell lymphoma
43. Fibrotic obliteration of bone marow with teardrop cells
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44. What are the variants of the RS cells
Lacunar in nodular sclerosing variant
VWF carries/protects factor VIII
Beta chain underproduced - asymptomatic - heterozygote
They bind vWF via GpIb
45. dec haptoglobin - inc LDH - hemoglobin in urine (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria - mechanical destruction as in aortic stenosis or a prosthetic valve
Intravascular hemolysis
HyperCalcemia - Renal insuff - Anemia - Bone lytic lesions/Back pain
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
46. anisocytosis
Fibrinogen
Varying sizes
VWF carries/protects factor VIII
Nl PT - elevated PTT - intrinsic pathway defect
47. In hemophilia A or B What do you see in the coag tests
Protein S - cleaves and invactivates Va and VIIIa
Nodular sclerosing
Howell - Jolly bodies - hypo/asplenia
Nl PT - elevated PTT - intrinsic pathway defect
48. Where are mast cells found
Tissue
IFN gama
Porphobilinogen deaminase aka uroporphyrinogen I synthase
Signs and sx of aplastic anemia
49. What cell is primarily involved in non Hod lymph
Intravascular hemolysis
B cells
Low in CML
EBV
50. What condition can result from treating AML M3 from the release of the Auer rods
Signs and sx of aplastic anemia
DIC
Macrohemorrhage - hemarthroses - easy bruising
Dimercaprol and EDTA 1st line of treatment - succimer for kids - it sucks to be a kid who eats lead