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Human Development - HDFC

Subject : teaching

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Which of the following statements about the development of the brain during early childhood is TRUE?

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2. Which of the following do(es) NOT have clear negative influences on children's development?
Compensation.
Realistic mathematics education.
Gay and lesbian parents
More rigid

3. As metacognition develops over middle childhood - children...
positive emotions
Culture-sensitive instruction.
Become more accurate in recognizing the limits of their knowledge and problem-solving skills.
Agility.

4. Which of the following statements does NOT describe the development of the brain during early childhood?
The brain is fully mature - but the connections between neurons are still being made in early childhood.
Specific strategies for remembering are not universal.
Kitchen.
Authoritarian

5. The process by which children acquire the knowledge - standards - and values of their society is referred to as...
Confusing appearance and reality.
Specific learning disabilities.
Socialization.
Homophily.

6. Findings from the research of Kenneth and Mamie Clark has led psychologists to conclude that...
Reciprocal teaching.
African American children define themselves in terms of the majority group.
Formal operations
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy

7. One of the key aspects of Piaget's formal operations involves...
Higher levels of intelligence
Cultural socialization
Prevention science.
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning.

8. Not thought to be a factor involved in the differences between girls' and boys' emotional reactions to puberty?
Females enter puberty earlier than do males.
Privileged domains.
Cultural differences may influence children's performance on the tasks commonly used to assess concrete operational abilities.
Social intelligence.

9. According to Robert Sternberg - intelligence does not comprise of...
Social intelligence.
Identification through differentiation
Parenting styles and the values parents seek to instill in children vary across cultures.
Specific learning disabilities.

10. Becoming able to control one's emotions - behaviors - and mental states is referred to as the development of one's...
Self-regulatory capacity.
Decreases; remains the same
Identity formation
It is clear that computer use is preferable to TV viewing for children's development.

11. Research on the use of interactive media suggests that boys who play computer games often spend _________ time with their friends outside of school than boys who spend little to no time playing on the computer.
more
Differential reinforcement
Stage 4
Girls' friendships in adolescence are more intense and intimate.

12. Baumrind's research found that children of authoritarian parents were...
Self-regulatory capacity.
. the social goal
Emotional climate of family
Socially incompetent - withdrawn and lacked intellectual curiosity.

13. Throughout adolescence - boys do not tend to have more ___________ than girls.
positive emotions
A scale error
Identification through differentiation
Authoritative

14. One of the most important predictors of the well-being of children in single-parent families is...
Girls report feelings of coercion.
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
Socioeconomic status.
Instruct children in traditions of the native culture.

15. In Kohlberg's Conventional level of moral reasoning - moral thinking at stages 3 and 4 are partially dependent on...
Thought processes.
Genetic and environmental factors.
At risk for obesity.
Formal operations.

16. Piaget believed that the greatest limitation to young children's thinking was...
Relational aggression
Internalizing problems.
Transductivity.
Girls report feelings of coercion.

17. Due to their cognitive immaturity - children do not recognize or internalize _________ seen on television.
slowly
Opportunities to observe and practice specific tasks
Violence
Gay and lesbian parents

18. ______________ is a self-focused emotional reaction in the face of another's distress
direct instruction - Play
Personal distress
positive emotions
Conservation.

19. In adolescence - girls are more likely than boys to experience...
Internalizing problems.
An entity model of intelligence.
Sympathy involves feeling 'other-oriented concern' while empathy involves feeling the same emotion as the other person.
Moratorium

20. A primary sex characteristic...
Uterus growth.
Internalizing problems.
Creative arts
Authoritarian

21. In which stage of forming a sexual minority development would an individual who has had homosexual experiences and recognizes that they prefer sexual relations with members of their own sex but do not openly acknowledge their preference be?
Correlations between television violence and aggressive behavior.
Internalizing problems.
Improvement in social status
Identity assumption

22. According to information-processing approach to cognitive development - before stimulation from the environment (or 'input') can be stored in either short-term memory or long-term memory - it must pass through the...
Increases
Sensory register
Girls' friendships in adolescence are more intense and intimate.
Not supported by research

23. Which of the following has the strongest effect on the quality of sibling relationships?
Emotional climate of family
Mental actions that are coordinated in logical systems.
Genetic and environmental factors.
to be enrolled in preschool

24. Aggression results from urges that build up over time until they are released in an explosion of violence.
Not supported by research
Me-self
Foreclosure.
Formal operations

25. In this stage of sexual identity development are sexual-minority individuals who have come to terms with their homosexuality and are 'out' in their communities?
Apprenticeship
A test for diagnosing mental subnormality.
A. more wooden buttons.
Identity integration

26. In adolescence - cliques serve to...
Uterus growth.
A scale error
throw a ball overhand.
support emotion and security needs.

27. Focusing on changes within specific areas of knowledge acquisition is most closely associated with...
Privileged domains.
Egocentrism
Autobiographical memory.
. the social goal

28. A child sharing her apple slice with another child is an example of...
Improvement in social status
Prosocial behavior
Specific learning disabilities.
Compensation.

29. Baumrind found that children of 'permissive' parents tended to...
Metamemory.
Egocentrism
Specific strategies for remembering are not universal.
Have difficulty with controlling their impulses - accepting responsibility for their social actions - and acting independently

30. Studies of parenting practices across ethnic communities have revealed that...
Sympathy involves feeling 'other-oriented concern' while empathy involves feeling the same emotion as the other person.
Socialization.
Instrumental aggression.
Parenting styles and the values parents seek to instill in children vary across cultures.

31. Which of the following pairs best describes the cognitive development of children between the ages of 2 and 5?
Microsystem
Uneven and variable
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.
puberty

32. Cross-cultural studies of concrete operations demonstrate that...

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33. On average - boys are not better than girls at...
Personal and social conventional
Less intimate because they are less trusting of their friends.
Effortful control.
Agility.

34. Increasing decentration in middle childhood allows children to engage in...
Elaboration.
Mental operations.
Social intelligence.
Parents encourage their teens to spend time with peers of the majority culture to learn to assimilate

35. Adolescents most at-risk for depression and eating disorders?
Realistic mathematics education.
Gina - an early-maturing female
support emotion and security needs.
Empathy

36. A psychological process in which children try to look - act - feel - and be like significant people in their social environment is referred to as...
Enabling interactions
The survival goal.
Identification.
Specific learning disabilities.

37. According to Piaget -...
People only reach formal operations with extensive schooling.
Social conventional; personal
Initiation-reply-feedback sequence
Compensation.

38. The ability to classify according to multiple criteria can clearly be seen in a child's ability to...
Prevention science.
Sociodramatic play.
Organize a stamp collection in terms of country of origin - date - size - etc.
Specific strategies for remembering are not universal.

39. According to Piaget - _____________ is an important source of cognitive conflict.
Deviancy in adolescence.
Metamemory.
Social interaction
More

40. NOT a major difference LeVine found when looking at children of mothers who do and did not have formal educational experience?
Authoritative
An entity model of intelligence.
direct instruction - Play
Children of mothers who went to elementary school demonstrated higher reading levels than those children of mothers who did not go to elementary school.

41. EEG coherence refers to the synchronization of...
The amount of time spent with children is less important than how that time is spent.
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.
Conservation.
Organize a stamp collection in terms of country of origin - date - size - etc.

42. A child's representation of going to the supermarket is an example of a...
Decision making
Biological maturation.
Script.
Higher levels of intelligence

43. The term gonads refers to...
Compensation.
The ovaries and the testes.
. the social goal
Elaboration.

44. The ability to remember which of the following indicates that an individual has a large memory span?
A phone number provided a single time by directory assistance (i.e. - 411)
Specific learning disabilities.
. psychodynamic view
Specific strategies for remembering are not universal.

45. Not a protective factor
Financial recession.
Multiple intelligences.
Uneven and variable
Auxiliary hair appears

46. In the reciprocal-teaching approach...
Sociodramatic play.
Prevention science.
A teacher and a small group of students read a segment of text silently and then take turns leading a discussion of its meaning.
Dyslexia.

47. __________ can be characterized as a form of activity that is intermediate between the implicit socialization of everyday family life and the explicit teaching of formal education.
Thought processes.
Conservation.
slowly
Apprenticeship

48. Young minority children who are economically disadvantaged benefit from...
More
Realistic mathematics education.
Having extended family involved in their lives.
to be enrolled in preschool

49. Not one of the three major parenting patterns identified by Baumrind?
more
Disciplinarian
The frontal cortex experiences an increase in myelination which leads to an increase in a child's ability to regulate behavior and plan.
Conservation.

50. Which of the following is considered a control process by information-processing theory?
Culture-sensitive instruction.
Decrease in efficiency
Decision making
clique

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Human Development - HDFC

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