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Human Development - HDFC

Subject : teaching

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning - at which level does reasoning require people to go beyond the existing social conventions to consider more abstract principles of right and wrong?
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.
Egocentrism
Postconventional level
Organize a stamp collection in terms of country of origin - date - size - etc.

2. Children whose BMI falls between the 85th and 95th percentile are considered to be...
positive emotions
Mental actions that are coordinated in logical systems.
At risk for obesity.
Cultural differences may influence children's performance on the tasks commonly used to assess concrete operational abilities.

3. During puberty - girls and boys may experience negative psychological consequences Which may be linked to...
Computer.
Increases; decreases
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.
Theory theory

4. Which of the following do(es) NOT have clear negative influences on children's development?
Gay and lesbian parents
Need about 8 hours.
slowly
Masturbation

5. Studies of parenting practices across ethnic communities have revealed that...
Parenting styles and the values parents seek to instill in children vary across cultures.
Identity formation
Postconventional level
African American children define themselves in terms of the majority group.

6. Reciprocal teaching incorporates...
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.
throw a ball overhand.
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy
Conservation.

7. Research on fathers suggests that...
throw a ball overhand.
Microsystem
The amount of time spent with children is less important than how that time is spent.
Violence

8. Similarity between friends can contribute to...
Deviancy in adolescence.
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.
Authoritative
A scale error

9. As metacognition develops over middle childhood - children...
Genetic and environmental factors.
Instruct children in traditions of the native culture.
. children older than seven years of age
Become more accurate in recognizing the limits of their knowledge and problem-solving skills.

10. One of the most important predictors of the well-being of children in single-parent families is...
Children who speak Chinese learn math more quickly than children who speak English.
Initiation-reply-feedback sequence
Socioeconomic status.
It is important for families to create opportunities for children to engage in activities that are relevant to school readiness.

11. In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of development - mass media is part of the...
Exosystem.
Pubertal hormones and lack of maturation in the frontal lobes of the brain.
Stage 4
Homophily.

12. Children in middle childhood experience a significant increase in size and strength - but the increases occur more ______ than in infancy and early childhood.
slowly
. children older than seven years of age
Moratorium
Instrumental aggression.

13. Gardner and Rogoff used mazes to assess children's ability to...
Identity formation
Script.
Plan ahead.
Reciprocal teaching.

14. The ability to think about other people's mental states is referred to as...
Authoritarian
Theory of mind.
Emotional climate of family
Decoding.

15. This change occurs in both males and females during puberty?
Helps children to develop certain context-specific memorization and information-processing strategies.
At risk for obesity.
In addition to cognitive structures - gender schema theory uses culture to explain sex-role identity development - Gender schema theory often uses an information-processing approach to describe how the cognitive and learning elements of the system wo
Auxiliary hair appears

16. Best characterizes girls' friendships in adolescence?

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17. Play in which two or more children cooperatively enact a variety of roles is referred to as...
Sociodramatic play.
Postconventional level
Children who speak Chinese learn math more quickly than children who speak English.
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.

18. Whose theory of adolescent development believed that adolescence is the consequence of evolutionary processes?
Independent.
Piaget
Elaboration.
Microsystem

19. The best advice to a newly-immigrated family if they are concerned with their children's ethnic identity formation
Emphasize obedience.
Instruct children in traditions of the native culture.
Socialization.
B. are more likely to be overweight as adolescents.

20. having extended family involved in their lives.
The survival goal.
Decision making
Script.
Emphasize obedience.

21. Borke's replication of Piaget and Inhelder's three-mountain experiment in which children were presented with a Sesame Street character that drove around familiar landmarks demonstrated that three- and four-year-old children are capable of...
Conservation.
Disciplinarian
Reasoning about spatial perspectives
12 to 15 hours

22. A primary sex characteristic...
Tell themselves - 'I can't do that.'
Uterus growth.
At risk for obesity.
Theory of mind.

23. When it comes to television - children between the ages of 4 and 5...

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24. Which of the following categories of racial socialization messages appears to be associated with stronger cognitive abilities and fewer behavior problems among African-American children?
Decision making
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy
Social conventional; personal
Cultural socialization

25. Adolescents most at-risk for depression and eating disorders?
Kitchen.
Internalizing problems.
Emphasize obedience.
Gina - an early-maturing female

26. According to Piaget -...
More
Creative arts
Less intimate because they are less trusting of their friends.
People only reach formal operations with extensive schooling.

27. Developmentalists call the development of children's own unique patterns of feeling - thinking - and behaving in a variety of circumstances ________________.
direct instruction - Play
Personality formation
When parents are not getting along
Formal operations

28. In the reciprocal-teaching approach...
Differential reinforcement
Transductivity.
The survival goal.
A teacher and a small group of students read a segment of text silently and then take turns leading a discussion of its meaning.

29. Refers to the object-self and includes all of the things that people know about themselves - such as their social relationships and their traits
Slower speed of naming objects to be remembered.
Culture-sensitive instruction.
Me-self
Become more accurate in recognizing the limits of their knowledge and problem-solving skills.

30. Due to their cognitive immaturity - children do not recognize or internalize _________ seen on television.
stereotypes
Auxiliary hair appears
Violence
Microsystem

31. Hitting another child to get a toy is an example of...
Instrumental aggression.
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
Tell themselves - 'I can't do that.'
Puberty.

32. The game 'Simon Says' requires children to employ...
Effortful control.
Use mental operations in their everyday thinking
Postconventional level
Genetic and environmental factors.

33. Preschool children's inability to take another person's spatial perspective is an example of which of the following?
Creative arts
Egocentrism
Culture-sensitive instruction.
Have difficulty with controlling their impulses - accepting responsibility for their social actions - and acting independently

34. Two major sources for the formation of extended families are...
Thought processes.
Cultural traditions and economic hardship.
Opportunities to observe and practice specific tasks
Most children are not getting enough sleep in a 24-hour period.

35. Aggression results from urges that build up over time until they are released in an explosion of violence.
Warm - autonomous - and explain the limits they set with their children
Authoritarian
controlling conflict within a social group.
Not supported by research

36. In adolescence - boys' crying _______________ in frequency; while girls' crying ________________ in frequency.
Decreases; remains the same
Motor drive
stereotypes
Cultural socialization

37. Being poor in early childhood is ___________ challenging to children's well-being than being poor later in life.
More
Financial recession.
Decreases; remains the same
Use an elaborative style when talking to their children about the event to be remembered.

38. Using Bronfenbrenner's ecological model - in which ecosystem are daycare centers located?
Microsystem
Use an elaborative style when talking to their children about the event to be remembered.
A. more wooden buttons.
stereotypes

39. Research on the use of interactive media suggests that boys who play computer games often spend _________ time with their friends outside of school than boys who spend little to no time playing on the computer.
more
At risk for obesity.
A phone number provided a single time by directory assistance (i.e. - 411)
Not supported by research

40. Vygotsky believed that which of the following plays a key role in self-regulation and can allow children to create their own zones of proximal development?
Helps children to develop certain context-specific memorization and information-processing strategies.
B. are more likely to be overweight as adolescents.
. children older than seven years of age
direct instruction - Play

41. The understanding that the properties of an object or substance remain the same even if its appearance is altered in some superficial way is called...
puberty
Conservation.
Socialization.
Having extended family involved in their lives.

42. Which of the following is considered a control process by information-processing theory?
. the social goal
Initiation-reply-feedback sequences.
Decision making
Differential reinforcement

43. During adolescence - the amount of time teens spend with their peers ___________ and the amount of time teens spend with their parents ___________.
Increases; decreases
support emotion and security needs.
Cultural differences may influence children's performance on the tasks commonly used to assess concrete operational abilities.
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.

44. What is the difference between empathy and sympathy?

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45. Identity states characterized by low commitment and high crisis/exploration
Girls report feelings of coercion.
Moratorium
Parents encourage their teens to spend time with peers of the majority culture to learn to assimilate
Identity formation

46. Which of the following statements about the development of the brain during early childhood is TRUE?

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47. The capacity to share in someone else's emotional experience and feel what that person is feeling is referred to as...
Empathy
Instrumental aggression.
positive emotions
Rehearsal.

48. The most common STI in the U.S. is...
Identification.
Exosystem.
In formal schooling oral instruction is the most common type of instruction while apprenticeship instruction is done through watching and imitating the master's work.
The human papillomavirus.

49. A psychological process in which children try to look - act - feel - and be like significant people in their social environment is referred to as...
Identification.
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy
Computer.
Development occurs in a series of qualitative stage-like changes.

50. A child with a high score on quantitative ability and a low score on verbal ability probably has
Initiation-reply-feedback sequences.
An infusion of pubertal hormones
Social and emotional development.
Dyslexia.