Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A teacher and a small group of students read silently through segments of text and take turns leading discussion of their meaning. This is an example of...
Reciprocal teaching.
Improvement in social status
The Oedipus complex.
to be enrolled in preschool


2. A three-year-old who believes that a cat wearing a dog mask has actually become a dog is probably...
Confusing appearance and reality.
More rigid
stereotypes
Identity integration


3. Vygotsky believed that which of the following plays a key role in self-regulation and can allow children to create their own zones of proximal development?
It is clear that computer use is preferable to TV viewing for children's development.
Emotional climate of family
Socially incompetent - withdrawn and lacked intellectual curiosity.
direct instruction - Play


4. What distinguishes formal operations from concrete operations?

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5. Which of the following statements does NOT describe the development of the brain during early childhood?
Children who speak Chinese learn math more quickly than children who speak English.
Prosocial behavior
Personal distress
The brain is fully mature - but the connections between neurons are still being made in early childhood.


6. having extended family involved in their lives.
Socioeconomic status.
Differential reinforcement
The ovaries and the testes.
The survival goal.


7. During adolescence - the amount of time teens spend with their peers ___________ and the amount of time teens spend with their parents ___________.
Increases; decreases
Differential reinforcement
Skipping.
to be enrolled in preschool


8. The establishment of a dominance hierarchy may have the effect of...
Genetic and environmental factors.
slowly
controlling conflict within a social group.
Agility.


9. The game 'Simon Says' requires children to employ...
Higher levels of intelligence
The frontal cortex experiences an increase in myelination which leads to an increase in a child's ability to regulate behavior and plan.
Effortful control.
Gay and lesbian parents


10. NOT an effect of schooling on the improvement of cognitive performance?
More
Improvement in social status
Organize a stamp collection in terms of country of origin - date - size - etc.
Formal operations.


11. Which of the instructional discourse styles uses the 'known-answer question?'
Not supported by research
Personal distress
The drawer in the in kitchen
Initiation-reply-feedback sequence


12. When it comes to television - children between the ages of 4 and 5...

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13. On average - boys are not better than girls at...
Agility.
controlling conflict within a social group.
Development occurs in a series of qualitative stage-like changes.
More


14. Becoming able to control one's emotions - behaviors - and mental states is referred to as the development of one's...
Socially incompetent - withdrawn and lacked intellectual curiosity.
A teacher and a small group of students read a segment of text silently and then take turns leading a discussion of its meaning.
Self-regulatory capacity.
Children who speak Chinese learn math more quickly than children who speak English.


15. NOT thought to influence the age at Which menarche occurs?
Need about 8 hours.
Empathy
Slower
Masturbation


16. Not the result of the maturation of the frontal lobe?
Uneven and variable
Higher levels of intelligence
Reasoning about spatial perspectives
transductive reasoning


17. NOT a major difference LeVine found when looking at children of mothers who do and did not have formal educational experience?
Decreases; remains the same
Plan ahead.
Children of mothers who went to elementary school demonstrated higher reading levels than those children of mothers who did not go to elementary school.
Masturbation


18. Reciprocal teaching incorporates...
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.
Identification.
puberty
Cultural socialization


19. The school-cutoff strategy helps researchers to...

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20. A child's ability to recognize that two rows of pennies each with the same number of pennies have the same number of pennies when one row of pennies is longer than the other is called...
Stage 4
Theory theory
direct instruction - Play
Conservation.


21. Studies of parenting practices across ethnic communities have revealed that...
Opportunities to observe and practice specific tasks
A phone number provided a single time by directory assistance (i.e. - 411)
Specific learning disabilities.
Parenting styles and the values parents seek to instill in children vary across cultures.


22. Five-year-old Jacob is playing with his grandmother's buttons. He counts eight wooden buttons and three plastic buttons. When his grandmother asks Jacob if he has more wooden buttons or more buttons - he will most likely indicate that there are...
Children of mothers who went to elementary school demonstrated higher reading levels than those children of mothers who did not go to elementary school.
Spermarche.
A. more wooden buttons.
Improvement in social status


23. A child who says - 'I can't do that' after failing at a task holds...
An entity model of intelligence.
Gay and lesbian parents
A performance orientation.
12 to 15 hours


24. A primary sex characteristic...
Uterus growth.
Foreclosure.
People only reach formal operations with extensive schooling.
Conservation.


25. Children adopting an entity theory of intelligence are more likely than others to...

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26. When talking about their sexual debut -...
controlling conflict within a social group.
Opportunities to observe and practice specific tasks
Girls report feelings of coercion.
Having extended family involved in their lives.


27. Alfred Binet is known for creating...
A test for diagnosing mental subnormality.
Homophily.
Instruct children in traditions of the native culture.
Microsystem


28. ______________ is a self-focused emotional reaction in the face of another's distress
Me-self
Need about 8 hours.
Uterus growth.
Personal distress


29. Results from a longitudinal study done in the U.S. revealed that children identified as overweight between the ages of 2 and 4...
B. are more likely to be overweight as adolescents.
Disciplinarian
Emphasize obedience.
Agility.


30. Which of the following categories of racial socialization messages appears to be associated with stronger cognitive abilities and fewer behavior problems among African-American children?
Autobiographical memory.
Risky and potentially harmful.
Cultural socialization
Agility.


31. Not thought to be a factor involved in the differences between girls' and boys' emotional reactions to puberty?
Increases
Parents encourage their teens to spend time with peers of the majority culture to learn to assimilate
Having extended family involved in their lives.
Females enter puberty earlier than do males.


32. A child's representation of going to the supermarket is an example of a...
Decoding.
Script.
Empathy
Children of mothers who went to elementary school demonstrated higher reading levels than those children of mothers who did not go to elementary school.


33. The steady increase in IQ test performance over the past 100 years is called the...
controlling conflict within a social group.
Flynn effect.
Social conventional; personal
Having extended family involved in their lives.


34. Researchers have found that children's memories improve when mothers...
The ovaries and the testes.
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.
Use an elaborative style when talking to their children about the event to be remembered.
Sympathy involves feeling 'other-oriented concern' while empathy involves feeling the same emotion as the other person.


35. Which approach does the idea that theory of mind develops from primitive theories of how the world works that are present at birth and modified through experience in the world follow?
slowly
It is important for families to create opportunities for children to engage in activities that are relevant to school readiness.
Postconventional level
Theory theory


36. The process of associating the letters of the alphabet with corresponding phonemes in the spoken language is referred to as...
Decoding.
Elaboration.
Children of mothers who went to elementary school demonstrated higher reading levels than those children of mothers who did not go to elementary school.
Genetic and environmental factors.


37. According to research - what seems to be associated with the emotional intensity and sensation-seeking behavior experienced by many adolescents?
The Oedipus complex.
direct instruction - Play
An infusion of pubertal hormones
Prevention science.


38. According to research - which parental interactions lead to healthy psychological and identity development in teenagers?
Enabling interactions
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.
Not supported by research
Cultural traditions and economic hardship.


39. One critique of Kohlberg's moral stages of development is that...
Decrease in efficiency
An entity model of intelligence.
The amount of time spent with children is less important than how that time is spent.
The model does not include a morality of care.


40. Knowledge about one's own memory processes is referred to as...
Instrumental aggression.
12 to 15 hours
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
Metamemory.


41. The use of meaningful activities - supporting basic skills - and employing mathematical models in the learning of math are components of...
Prevention science.
Socialization.
Improvement in social status
Realistic mathematics education.


42. Preschool children's inability to take another person's spatial perspective is an example of which of the following?
Egocentrism
Boys tend to report more positive feelings about their first intercourse than girls do.
Conservation.
The survival goal.


43. The process by which children acquire the knowledge - standards - and values of their society is referred to as...
Initiation-reply-feedback sequences.
Homophily.
Socialization.
Identification.


44. Similarity between friends can contribute to...
Violence
Deviancy in adolescence.
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.
Children who speak Chinese learn math more quickly than children who speak English.


45. Cross-cultural studies of concrete operations demonstrate that...

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46. Throughout adolescence - boys do not tend to have more ___________ than girls.
A teacher and a small group of students read a segment of text silently and then take turns leading a discussion of its meaning.
Prosocial behavior
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.
positive emotions


47. In adolescence - girls are more likely than boys to experience...
Decision making
throw a ball overhand.
Internalizing problems.
Adolescence is a time of happiness and growth.


48. Dyslexia - dyscalculia - and dysgraphia are examples of...
A phone number provided a single time by directory assistance (i.e. - 411)
Emotional climate of family
It is clear that computer use is preferable to TV viewing for children's development.
Specific learning disabilities.


49. In middle childhood - boys are not better than girls at...
Skipping.
The Oedipus complex.
more
Less intimate because they are less trusting of their friends.


50. Identity states characterized by low commitment and high crisis/exploration
Moratorium
Uterus growth.
Opportunities to observe and practice specific tasks
Independent.