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Human Development - HDFC

Subject : teaching

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Being poor in early childhood is ___________ challenging to children's well-being than being poor later in life.
More
Personality formation
Authoritarian
Script.

2. LeVine proposed that three major goals are shared by parents the world over. Not among them?
Cultural socialization
Compensation.
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.
. the social goal

3. Various studies of the influence of television violence on children's behavior have found...
Gay and lesbian parents
Sensory register
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.
Correlations between television violence and aggressive behavior.

4. Results from a longitudinal study done in the U.S. revealed that children identified as overweight between the ages of 2 and 4...
Prevention science.
B. are more likely to be overweight as adolescents.
Cultural differences may influence children's performance on the tasks commonly used to assess concrete operational abilities.
Cultural socialization

5. In middle childhood - boys are not better than girls at...
Emotional climate of family
Reciprocal teaching.
Not supported by research
Skipping.

6. Becoming able to control one's emotions - behaviors - and mental states is referred to as the development of one's...
Self-regulatory capacity.
Foreclosure.
Transductivity.
Internalizing problems.

7. Which of the following statements about children's experience with interactive media is NOT true?

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8. A child who says - 'The liquid is higher - but the glass is thinner -' when asked the reason for their answer to a task of conservation is demonstrating...
Increases; decreases
Compensation.
Microsystem
Sympathy involves feeling 'other-oriented concern' while empathy involves feeling the same emotion as the other person.

9. The 'known-answer question' is a type of question that is rare in everyday adult conversation but is commonly used in...
Initiation-reply-feedback sequences.
Identification through differentiation
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy
Most children are not getting enough sleep in a 24-hour period.

10. How does gender schema theory differ from cognitive-development theory?
In addition to cognitive structures - gender schema theory uses culture to explain sex-role identity development - Gender schema theory often uses an information-processing approach to describe how the cognitive and learning elements of the system wo
Personality formation
Children of mothers who went to elementary school demonstrated higher reading levels than those children of mothers who did not go to elementary school.
. saturated self.

11. The ability to classify according to multiple criteria can clearly be seen in a child's ability to...
Organize a stamp collection in terms of country of origin - date - size - etc.
Identity integration
Identification.
more

12. In Kohlberg's Conventional level of moral reasoning - moral thinking at stages 3 and 4 are partially dependent on...
Most children are not getting enough sleep in a 24-hour period.
Formal operations.
African American children define themselves in terms of the majority group.
Slower speed of naming objects to be remembered.

13. Reciprocal teaching incorporates...
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.
Skipping.
Differential reinforcement
decreases as a result of a slower pace of physical development.

14. When three-year-old children are told a story about a little boy who puts candy in a drawer - leaves the room - and doesn't see when his mother then moves the candy into the kitchen - they predict the boy will look for the candy in the...
Conservation.
Slower
Kitchen.
Motor drive

15. Information-processing models of cognitive development often make the analogy between cognitive development and a(n)...
Social and emotional development.
Computer.
Decreases; remains the same
Use mental operations in their everyday thinking

16. Height and body weight in childhood are affected by...
Genetic and environmental factors.
The ovaries and the testes.
Mental actions that are coordinated in logical systems.
. psychodynamic view

17. Cross-cultural research on the effects of schooling suggests that schooling...
Creative arts
Helps children to develop certain context-specific memorization and information-processing strategies.
Higher levels of intelligence
When speed and accuracy mattered - children didn't plan out their route through the maze ahead of time.

18. Children whose cultural backgrounds emphasize __________ may tend to fare poorly in most U.S. classroom settings.
direct instruction - Play
Internalizing problems.
Personality formation
Interdependence

19. Compared to teenage girls - teenage boys' friendships are...
When parents are not getting along
Less intimate because they are less trusting of their friends.
Stage 4
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.

20. A male's first ejaculation is called...
Neighborhood physical disorder.
Spermarche.
Disciplinarian
It is clear that computer use is preferable to TV viewing for children's development.

21. According to Marcia - an adolescent who reports high levels of commitment and low levels of exploration is said to be in...
Initiation-reply-feedback sequence
Social intelligence.
Identification.
Foreclosure.

22. A child who thinks that people cannot get any smarter than they already are holds...
An entity model of intelligence.
It is clear that computer use is preferable to TV viewing for children's development.
slowly
Cultural socialization

23. The school-cutoff strategy helps researchers to...

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24. NOT a brain change that occurs during adolescence?
Identity integration
Decrease in efficiency
Theory theory
Privileged domains.

25. In Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning - at which level does reasoning require people to go beyond the existing social conventions to consider more abstract principles of right and wrong?
Postconventional level
Socialization.
Sociodramatic play
Specific learning disabilities.

26. According to research on adolescent behavior - risk taking may be the consequence of...
It is clear that computer use is preferable to TV viewing for children's development.
A performance orientation.
Pubertal hormones and lack of maturation in the frontal lobes of the brain.
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.

27. In which stage of forming a sexual minority development would an individual who has had homosexual experiences and recognizes that they prefer sexual relations with members of their own sex but do not openly acknowledge their preference be?
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.
B. are more likely to be overweight as adolescents.
Identity assumption
Helps children to develop certain context-specific memorization and information-processing strategies.

28. Not a protective factor
Financial recession.
Prosocial behavior
stereotypes
Agility.

29. The pleasure young children take in using their new motor skills is referred to as...
Motor drive
Personality formation
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.
slowly

30. Findings from the research of Kenneth and Mamie Clark has led psychologists to conclude that...
Identification.
Differential reinforcement
Sympathy involves feeling 'other-oriented concern' while empathy involves feeling the same emotion as the other person.
African American children define themselves in terms of the majority group.

31. In the U.S. - teenage sex is considered by many to be...
An infusion of pubertal hormones
Reciprocal teaching.
Risky and potentially harmful.
Theory theory

32. A child's representation of going to the supermarket is an example of a...
School-cutoff strategy.
more
When parents are not getting along
Script.

33. _____________ text is one of the most basic reading skills.
A scale error
Sociodramatic play.
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.
. Decoding

34. Research on the use of interactive media suggests that boys who play computer games often spend _________ time with their friends outside of school than boys who spend little to no time playing on the computer.
Tell themselves - 'I can't do that.'
Have a difficult time understanding that what they see on television isn't really real.
Not supported by research
more

35. The adolescent brain experiences __________________ in the gray matter.
slowly
Synaptogenesis followed by synaptic pruning
More rigid
Correlations between television violence and aggressive behavior.

36. When family income and maternal employment are held constant - children whose families speak Spanish in the home are less likely...
Compensation.
When speed and accuracy mattered - children didn't plan out their route through the maze ahead of time.
to be enrolled in preschool
Internalizing problems.

37. During puberty - girls and boys may experience negative psychological consequences Which may be linked to...
Children who speak Chinese learn math more quickly than children who speak English.
Independent.
Disciplinarian
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.

38. Dyslexia - dyscalculia - and dysgraphia are examples of...
People only reach formal operations with extensive schooling.
Deviancy in adolescence.
Disciplinarian
Specific learning disabilities.

39. Which type of aggression are preschool aged girls more likely to engage in than preschool boys?
More
Identity integration
Relational aggression
Personality formation

40. ccording to Kohlberg's cognitive explanation of sex-role identity formation - children go through three stages...
Identity assumption
Creative arts
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy
Reciprocal teaching.

41. Two major sources for the formation of extended families are...
Increases; decreases
Use mental operations in their everyday thinking
Genetic and environmental factors.
Cultural traditions and economic hardship.

42. Adolescent boys and girls - whose friends engage in high levels of disruptive behavior at the beginning of a school year - are more likely to experience ___________ in the level of their own disruptive behavior later in the school year.
Prosocial behavior
Increases
A performance orientation.
Girls report feelings of coercion.

43. The extent to which friends are similar to one another is referred to as...
Homophily.
Mental actions that are coordinated in logical systems.
Flynn effect.
In addition to cognitive structures - gender schema theory uses culture to explain sex-role identity development - Gender schema theory often uses an information-processing approach to describe how the cognitive and learning elements of the system wo

44. The increasing memory performance characteristic of middle childhood does not depend on...
Socialization.
Increases; decreases
Slower speed of naming objects to be remembered.
Multiple intelligences.

45. Freud attributed adolescent development primarily to...
Slower
Biological maturation.
Microsystem
Deviancy in adolescence.

46. The steady increase in IQ test performance over the past 100 years is called the...
. saturated self.
Flynn effect.
Spermarche.
positive emotions

47. Children in middle childhood experience a significant increase in size and strength - but the increases occur more ______ than in infancy and early childhood.
Less intimate because they are less trusting of their friends.
Compensation.
slowly
Inability to categorize objects

48. Which of the following categories of racial socialization messages appears to be associated with stronger cognitive abilities and fewer behavior problems among African-American children?
Masturbation
Cultural socialization
African American children define themselves in terms of the majority group.
When parents are not getting along

49. Studies of parenting practices across ethnic communities have revealed that...
A phone number provided a single time by directory assistance (i.e. - 411)
Parenting styles and the values parents seek to instill in children vary across cultures.
Effortful control.
In addition to cognitive structures - gender schema theory uses culture to explain sex-role identity development - Gender schema theory often uses an information-processing approach to describe how the cognitive and learning elements of the system wo

50. Due to their cognitive immaturity - children do not recognize or internalize _________ seen on television.
Self-regulatory capacity.
Conservation.
Violence
Gina - an early-maturing female

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Human Development - HDFC

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