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Human Development - HDFC

Subject : teaching

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. One of the key aspects of Piaget's formal operations involves...
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
Culture-sensitive instruction.
Socioeconomic status.
Correlations between television violence and aggressive behavior.

2. Which of the following statements about children's experience with interactive media is NOT true?

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3. The use of meaningful activities - supporting basic skills - and employing mathematical models in the learning of math are components of...
Reasoning about spatial perspectives
Independent.
Realistic mathematics education.
The Oedipus complex.

4. The game 'Simon Says' requires children to employ...
A teacher and a small group of students read a segment of text silently and then take turns leading a discussion of its meaning.
Prosocial behavior
Transductivity.
Effortful control.

5. Adolescents most at-risk for depression and eating disorders?
Development occurs in a series of qualitative stage-like changes.
Homophily.
Have a difficult time understanding that what they see on television isn't really real.
Gina - an early-maturing female

6. What is the difference between empathy and sympathy?

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7. Adolescent boys and girls - whose friends engage in high levels of disruptive behavior at the beginning of a school year - are more likely to experience ___________ in the level of their own disruptive behavior later in the school year.
Masturbation
Personality formation
Increases
An entity model of intelligence.

8. Play in which two or more children cooperatively enact a variety of roles is referred to as...
Mental operations.
Have a difficult time understanding that what they see on television isn't really real.
Compensation.
Sociodramatic play.

9. A self completely full of multiple selves is said to be a...
Cultural traditions and economic hardship.
Specific learning disabilities.
. saturated self.
Become more accurate in recognizing the limits of their knowledge and problem-solving skills.

10. Hitting another child to get a toy is an example of...
Relational aggression
Correlations between television violence and aggressive behavior.
At risk for obesity.
Instrumental aggression.

11. Kohlberg's process of sex-role development mostly closely follows...

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12. How many hours of sleep in a 24-hour period should a child between the ages of 2 and 5 get?
Use mental operations in their everyday thinking
clique
Sociodramatic play
12 to 15 hours

13. According to Robert Sternberg - intelligence does not comprise of...
Social interaction
Social intelligence.
Deviancy in adolescence.
Flynn effect.

14. A child who says - 'The liquid is higher - but the glass is thinner -' when asked the reason for their answer to a task of conservation is demonstrating...
Increases
Gina - an early-maturing female
Privileged domains.
Compensation.

15. A male's first ejaculation is called...
Mental actions that are coordinated in logical systems.
Have a difficult time understanding that what they see on television isn't really real.
Helps children to develop certain context-specific memorization and information-processing strategies.
Spermarche.

16. The ability to classify according to multiple criteria can clearly be seen in a child's ability to...
Organize a stamp collection in terms of country of origin - date - size - etc.
The brain is fully mature - but the connections between neurons are still being made in early childhood.
Formal operations
Theory of mind.

17. Increasing decentration in middle childhood allows children to engage in...
Motor drive
Mental operations.
Deviancy in adolescence.
The frontal cortex experiences an increase in myelination which leads to an increase in a child's ability to regulate behavior and plan.

18. A three-year-old who believes that a cat wearing a dog mask has actually become a dog is probably...
Confusing appearance and reality.
Socially incompetent - withdrawn and lacked intellectual curiosity.
Identification.
Spermarche.

19. On average - boys are not better than girls at...
Piaget
Personal and social conventional
A teacher and a small group of students read a segment of text silently and then take turns leading a discussion of its meaning.
Agility.

20. Studies of poor families suggest that such factors as stress - the dangerous circumstances of daily life in poor areas - and the nature of parents' jobs tend to cause poor parents to...
Emphasize obedience.
Slower speed of naming objects to be remembered.
Emotional climate of family
Foreclosure.

21. According to Piaget - _____________ is an important source of cognitive conflict.
Social interaction
Internalizing problems.
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy

22. Best describes society's attitude about adolescents throughout history?
Adolescence is a time of happiness and growth.
Reasoning about spatial perspectives
Genetic and environmental factors.
Cultural socialization

23. Which of the following is considered a control process by information-processing theory?
Formal operations
. children older than seven years of age
Decision making
A scale error

24. Identity states characterized by low commitment and high crisis/exploration
Cultural differences may influence children's performance on the tasks commonly used to assess concrete operational abilities.
Moratorium
Autobiographical memory.
The brain is fully mature - but the connections between neurons are still being made in early childhood.

25. Research on learning mathematics has revealed that...
Social interaction
Children who speak Chinese learn math more quickly than children who speak English.
Internalizing problems.
Sociodramatic play.

26. Which of the following categories of racial socialization messages appears to be associated with stronger cognitive abilities and fewer behavior problems among African-American children?
Become more accurate in recognizing the limits of their knowledge and problem-solving skills.
Decreases; remains the same
Cultural socialization
Personality formation

27. Gardner proposed a theory of intelligence that included...
Uterus growth.
Autobiographical memory.
Internalizing problems.
Multiple intelligences.

28. According to research - what seems to be associated with the emotional intensity and sensation-seeking behavior experienced by many adolescents?
Need about 8 hours.
Differential reinforcement
An infusion of pubertal hormones
Formal operations.

29. Parents who insist that their adolescent dress in a socially appropriate way is operating from the boundaries of ____________; while an adolescent who insists that dress is a matter of personal choice are operating from the boundaries of ____________
An infusion of pubertal hormones
Social conventional; personal
Risky and potentially harmful.
Sensory register

30. Not a characteristic of a child who has recently entered Piaget's preoperational stage?
Inability to categorize objects
Sociodramatic play
It is clear that computer use is preferable to TV viewing for children's development.
Microsystem

31. Which of the following statements does NOT describe the development of the brain during early childhood?
Moratorium
Initiation-reply-feedback sequences.
The brain is fully mature - but the connections between neurons are still being made in early childhood.
In addition to cognitive structures - gender schema theory uses culture to explain sex-role identity development - Gender schema theory often uses an information-processing approach to describe how the cognitive and learning elements of the system wo

32. A psychological process in which children try to look - act - feel - and be like significant people in their social environment is referred to as...
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.
Decision making
Chlamydia
Identification.

33. Freud attributed adolescent development primarily to...
Synaptogenesis followed by synaptic pruning
Biological maturation.
Skipping.
Identity integration

34. Which of the following statements about the development of the brain during early childhood is TRUE?

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35. According to Piaget -...
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.
Postconventional level
People only reach formal operations with extensive schooling.
In addition to cognitive structures - gender schema theory uses culture to explain sex-role identity development - Gender schema theory often uses an information-processing approach to describe how the cognitive and learning elements of the system wo

36. A problem in distressed communities that includes physical deterioration and chaotic activity is called...
Children of mothers who went to elementary school demonstrated higher reading levels than those children of mothers who did not go to elementary school.
Dyslexia.
Neighborhood physical disorder.
Rehearsal.

37. In Kohlberg's Conventional level of moral reasoning - moral thinking at stages 3 and 4 are partially dependent on...
Cultural socialization
Kitchen.
puberty
Formal operations.

38. During adolescence - the amount of time teens spend with their peers ___________ and the amount of time teens spend with their parents ___________.
Increases; decreases
Masturbation
Exosystem.
Cultural differences may influence children's performance on the tasks commonly used to assess concrete operational abilities.

39. __________ can be characterized as a form of activity that is intermediate between the implicit socialization of everyday family life and the explicit teaching of formal education.
Apprenticeship
Parents encourage their teens to spend time with peers of the majority culture to learn to assimilate
The model does not include a morality of care.
Most children are not getting enough sleep in a 24-hour period.

40. Research on fathers suggests that...
Theory of mind.
Helps children to develop certain context-specific memorization and information-processing strategies.
Uterus growth.
The amount of time spent with children is less important than how that time is spent.

41. How does gender schema theory differ from cognitive-development theory?
A teacher and a small group of students read a segment of text silently and then take turns leading a discussion of its meaning.
In addition to cognitive structures - gender schema theory uses culture to explain sex-role identity development - Gender schema theory often uses an information-processing approach to describe how the cognitive and learning elements of the system wo
Genetic and environmental factors.
Pubertal hormones and lack of maturation in the frontal lobes of the brain.

42. Studies comparing schooled and nonschooled students have demonstrated that...
Initiation-reply-feedback sequence
positive emotions
Increases
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.

43. By helping children to recall and interpret events in which they have participated - adults help children acquire an enduring sense of themselves by creating a sort of personal narrative - referred to as the child's...
Autobiographical memory.
controlling conflict within a social group.
Cultural socialization
Stage 4

44. Researchers have found that children's memories improve when mothers...
Use an elaborative style when talking to their children about the event to be remembered.
Transductivity.
Metamemory.
When speed and accuracy mattered - children didn't plan out their route through the maze ahead of time.

45. A child who thinks that people cannot get any smarter than they already are holds...
An entity model of intelligence.
Girls report feelings of coercion.
A phone number provided a single time by directory assistance (i.e. - 411)
Uterus growth.

46. A teacher and a small group of students read silently through segments of text and take turns leading discussion of their meaning. This is an example of...
Cultural differences may influence children's performance on the tasks commonly used to assess concrete operational abilities.
Reciprocal teaching.
Have difficulty with controlling their impulses - accepting responsibility for their social actions - and acting independently
Rehearsal.

47. Carol Lee's research on African American adolescents shows the importance of...
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.
Culture-sensitive instruction.
Exosystem.
Decision making

48. Metacognition refers to the ability to think about one's own...
stereotypes
Puberty.
Thought processes.
Transductivity.

49. Information-processing models of cognitive development often make the analogy between cognitive development and a(n)...
School-cutoff strategy.
The frontal cortex experiences an increase in myelination which leads to an increase in a child's ability to regulate behavior and plan.
Computer.
slowly

50. Piaget believed that the greatest limitation to young children's thinking was...
Transductivity.
An infusion of pubertal hormones
African American children define themselves in terms of the majority group.
Compensation.

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Human Development - HDFC

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