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Human Development - HDFC

Subject : teaching

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Young minority children who are economically disadvantaged benefit from...
Having extended family involved in their lives.
Instrumental aggression.
Apprenticeship
Children who speak Chinese learn math more quickly than children who speak English.

2. What distinguishes formal operations from concrete operations?

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3. In many western cultures - male stereotypes are __________ than female stereotypes
More rigid
Uneven and variable
Sympathy involves feeling 'other-oriented concern' while empathy involves feeling the same emotion as the other person.
The frontal cortex experiences an increase in myelination which leads to an increase in a child's ability to regulate behavior and plan.

4. Cross-cultural research on the effects of schooling suggests that schooling...
Initiation-reply-feedback sequence
In addition to cognitive structures - gender schema theory uses culture to explain sex-role identity development - Gender schema theory often uses an information-processing approach to describe how the cognitive and learning elements of the system wo
Helps children to develop certain context-specific memorization and information-processing strategies.
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning.

5. Adolescent boys and girls - whose friends engage in high levels of disruptive behavior at the beginning of a school year - are more likely to experience ___________ in the level of their own disruptive behavior later in the school year.
Personality formation
Increases
Improvement in social status
Boys tend to report more positive feelings about their first intercourse than girls do.

6. Research that examines the biological and social processes that lead to maladjustment and healthy development is called...
Higher levels of intelligence
Girls report feelings of coercion.
Cultural traditions and economic hardship.
Prevention science.

7. _____________ text is one of the most basic reading skills.
. Decoding
. psychodynamic view
Reciprocal teaching.
Skipping.

8. The understanding that the properties of an object or substance remain the same even if its appearance is altered in some superficial way is called...
Effortful control.
Conservation.
Reasoning about spatial perspectives
Socially incompetent - withdrawn and lacked intellectual curiosity.

9. Kohlberg's process of sex-role development mostly closely follows...

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10. As a result of _______________ - young children's self-descriptions are usually well integrated into a personality structure.
transductive reasoning
Uneven and variable
Increases
Need about 8 hours.

11. Which STI is the most commonly reported in the U.S.?
Uterus growth.
Chlamydia
Emotional climate of family
Mental actions that are coordinated in logical systems.

12. Preschool children's inability to take another person's spatial perspective is an example of which of the following?
Egocentrism
Emotional climate of family
More rigid
Apprenticeship

13. ccording to Kohlberg's cognitive explanation of sex-role identity formation - children go through three stages...
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.
Autobiographical memory.
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy
controlling conflict within a social group.

14. Compared to teenage girls - teenage boys' friendships are...
Foreclosure.
Elaboration.
Less intimate because they are less trusting of their friends.
Uterus growth.

15. LeVine proposed that three major goals are shared by parents the world over. Not among them?
. the social goal
Identity integration
Correlations between television violence and aggressive behavior.
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.

16. Authoritative parents are...
Warm - autonomous - and explain the limits they set with their children
clique
Risky and potentially harmful.
Most children are not getting enough sleep in a 24-hour period.

17. Various studies of the influence of television violence on children's behavior have found...
Correlations between television violence and aggressive behavior.
When parents are not getting along
Sensory register
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.

18. Not a risk factor for child abuse?
. children older than seven years of age
Warm - autonomous - and explain the limits they set with their children
Stage 4
Creative arts

19. The steady increase in IQ test performance over the past 100 years is called the...
Flynn effect.
Higher levels of intelligence
12 to 15 hours
Uterus growth.

20. NOT a major difference LeVine found when looking at children of mothers who do and did not have formal educational experience?
12 to 15 hours
Parenting styles and the values parents seek to instill in children vary across cultures.
Children of mothers who went to elementary school demonstrated higher reading levels than those children of mothers who did not go to elementary school.
Independent.

21. Piaget believed that the greatest limitation to young children's thinking was...
Boys tend to report more positive feelings about their first intercourse than girls do.
Transductivity.
It is clear that computer use is preferable to TV viewing for children's development.
Postconventional level

22. The ability to remember which of the following indicates that an individual has a large memory span?
Cultural socialization
A phone number provided a single time by directory assistance (i.e. - 411)
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.
Girls report feelings of coercion.

23. Freud is associated with which of the following approaches to sex-role identity formation
Chlamydia
Sympathy involves feeling 'other-oriented concern' while empathy involves feeling the same emotion as the other person.
The brain is fully mature - but the connections between neurons are still being made in early childhood.
Identification through differentiation

24. A child who says - 'I can't do that' after failing at a task holds...
A performance orientation.
Computer.
Identification.
Have a difficult time understanding that what they see on television isn't really real.

25. Authoritarian
Cultural socialization
Social and emotional development.
Theory of mind.
An entity model of intelligence.

26. A child two years of age can do all of the following EXCEPT...
B. are more likely to be overweight as adolescents.
Authoritarian
Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
throw a ball overhand.

27. In middle childhood - boys are not better than girls at...
Enabling interactions
Skipping.
Initiation-reply-feedback sequences.
Cultural socialization

28. Which of the following has the strongest effect on the quality of sibling relationships?
Moratorium
Emotional climate of family
Metamemory.
Social interaction

29. A primary sex characteristic...
Emerging adulthood.
Uterus growth.
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.
Decoding.

30. During adolescence - the amount of time teens spend with their peers ___________ and the amount of time teens spend with their parents ___________.
Compensation.
Formal operations
Increases; decreases
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.

31. In adolescence - boys' crying _______________ in frequency; while girls' crying ________________ in frequency.
Me-self
Pubertal hormones and lack of maturation in the frontal lobes of the brain.
Decreases; remains the same
Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

32. Best characterizes girls' friendships in adolescence?

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33. Being poor in early childhood is ___________ challenging to children's well-being than being poor later in life.
More
Realistic mathematics education.
Relational aggression
Cultural socialization

34. Refers to the object-self and includes all of the things that people know about themselves - such as their social relationships and their traits
Me-self
Elaboration.
An entity model of intelligence.
Differential reinforcement

35. In the reciprocal-teaching approach...
A teacher and a small group of students read a segment of text silently and then take turns leading a discussion of its meaning.
Assess the effects of schooling on children's cognitive processes.
Sensory register
Postconventional level

36. Carol Lee's research on African American adolescents shows the importance of...
Culture-sensitive instruction.
to be enrolled in preschool
Social intelligence.
Authoritative

37. The best advice to a newly-immigrated family if they are concerned with their children's ethnic identity formation
Privileged domains.
Instruct children in traditions of the native culture.
Homophily.
. psychodynamic view

38. Cross-cultural research on memory has demonstrated that...
Have a difficult time understanding that what they see on television isn't really real.
Moratorium
Emotional climate of family
Specific strategies for remembering are not universal.

39. Information-processing models of cognitive development often make the analogy between cognitive development and a(n)...
Independent.
An entity model of intelligence.
More
Computer.

40. The ability to think about other people's mental states is referred to as...
Kitchen.
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy
. Decoding
Theory of mind.

41. In this stage of sexual identity development are sexual-minority individuals who have come to terms with their homosexuality and are 'out' in their communities?
Genetic and environmental factors.
Emotional climate of family
Not supported by research
Identity integration

42. What is the difference between empathy and sympathy?

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43. Similarity between friends can contribute to...
Synaptogenesis followed by synaptic pruning
Deviancy in adolescence.
Dyslexia.
Metamemory.

44. Results from a longitudinal study done in the U.S. revealed that children identified as overweight between the ages of 2 and 4...
At risk for obesity.
Transductivity.
B. are more likely to be overweight as adolescents.
Differential reinforcement

45. Gardner proposed a theory of intelligence that included...
Differential reinforcement
Theory theory
Multiple intelligences.
Neighborhood physical disorder.

46. Hitting another child to get a toy is an example of...
The ovaries and the testes.
Instrumental aggression.
An infusion of pubertal hormones
Tell themselves - 'I can't do that.'

47. Research on the use of interactive media suggests that boys who play computer games often spend _________ time with their friends outside of school than boys who spend little to no time playing on the computer.
Empathy
Identity formation
Higher levels of intelligence
more

48. Chanting the names of the items that one needs to buy at the store is an example of...
Instruct children in traditions of the native culture.
Elaboration.
Rehearsal.
Higher levels of intelligence

49. Using Bronfenbrenner's ecological model - in which ecosystem are daycare centers located?
Microsystem
Conservation.
Rehearsal.
A test for diagnosing mental subnormality.

50. How does gender schema theory differ from cognitive-development theory?
Personal distress
Flynn effect.
direct instruction - Play
In addition to cognitive structures - gender schema theory uses culture to explain sex-role identity development - Gender schema theory often uses an information-processing approach to describe how the cognitive and learning elements of the system wo