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Human Development - HDFC

Subject : teaching

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In terms of sleep - adolescents...
At risk for obesity.
Flynn effect.
The brain is fully mature - but the connections between neurons are still being made in early childhood.
Need about 8 hours.

2. The ability to remember which of the following indicates that an individual has a large memory span?
A phone number provided a single time by directory assistance (i.e. - 411)
support emotion and security needs.
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.
Higher levels of intelligence

3. NOT an effect of schooling on the improvement of cognitive performance?
Specific strategies for remembering are not universal.
Gay and lesbian parents
Identity assumption
Improvement in social status

4. Which of the following statements about the development of the brain during early childhood is TRUE?

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5. Which of the following do(es) NOT have clear negative influences on children's development?
controlling conflict within a social group.
Decoding.
Gay and lesbian parents
Having extended family involved in their lives.

6. Gardner proposed a theory of intelligence that included...
Homophily.
Rehearsal.
Internalizing problems.
Multiple intelligences.

7. The process by which children acquire the knowledge - standards - and values of their society is referred to as...
A teacher and a small group of students read a segment of text silently and then take turns leading a discussion of its meaning.
Children of mothers who went to elementary school demonstrated higher reading levels than those children of mothers who did not go to elementary school.
More rigid
Socialization.

8. How does gender schema theory differ from cognitive-development theory?
A. more wooden buttons.
Increases
transductive reasoning
In addition to cognitive structures - gender schema theory uses culture to explain sex-role identity development - Gender schema theory often uses an information-processing approach to describe how the cognitive and learning elements of the system wo

9. Knowledge - skills - and attitudes that are precursors to learning to read - write and do math are known as...
Homophily.
Computer.
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.
Girls report feelings of coercion.

10. Not a protective factor
Masturbation
Adolescence is a time of happiness and growth.
Financial recession.
An entity model of intelligence.

11. Similarity between friends can contribute to...
People only reach formal operations with extensive schooling.
Deviancy in adolescence.
Cultural traditions and economic hardship.
Effortful control.

12. One of the most important predictors of the well-being of children in single-parent families is...
Socioeconomic status.
Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Use mental operations in their everyday thinking
When speed and accuracy mattered - children didn't plan out their route through the maze ahead of time.

13. In Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning - at which level does reasoning require people to go beyond the existing social conventions to consider more abstract principles of right and wrong?
clique
Postconventional level
Emotional climate of family
Slower speed of naming objects to be remembered.

14. Not the result of the maturation of the frontal lobe?
Identification.
Higher levels of intelligence
Authoritative
Having extended family involved in their lives.

15. Not thought to be a factor involved in the differences between girls' and boys' emotional reactions to puberty?
A teacher and a small group of students read a segment of text silently and then take turns leading a discussion of its meaning.
Elaboration.
Differential reinforcement
Females enter puberty earlier than do males.

16. having extended family involved in their lives.
The survival goal.
Egocentrism
to be enrolled in preschool
Prevention science.

17. In middle childhood - boys are not better than girls at...
more
Skipping.
A scale error
Pubertal hormones and lack of maturation in the frontal lobes of the brain.

18. In their study of planning - Gardner and Rogoff found that

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19. Children adopting an entity theory of intelligence are more likely than others to...

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20. Which type of aggression are preschool aged girls more likely to engage in than preschool boys?
Apprenticeship
Specific learning disabilities.
Relational aggression
Masturbation

21. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development - children between the ages of 2 and 6...
Compensation.
Masturbation
. Decoding
Use mental operations in their everyday thinking

22. Authoritarian
positive emotions
Skipping.
Social and emotional development.
Emotional climate of family

23. The steady increase in IQ test performance over the past 100 years is called the...
Elaboration.
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.
Flynn effect.
Identity assumption

24. A child who says - 'The liquid is higher - but the glass is thinner -' when asked the reason for their answer to a task of conservation is demonstrating...
A test for diagnosing mental subnormality.
decreases as a result of a slower pace of physical development.
. the social goal
Compensation.

25. Research that examines the biological and social processes that lead to maladjustment and healthy development is called...
A scale error
Prevention science.
It is important for families to create opportunities for children to engage in activities that are relevant to school readiness.
Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

26. Baumrind found that children of 'permissive' parents tended to...
Have difficulty with controlling their impulses - accepting responsibility for their social actions - and acting independently
Identity formation
Internalizing problems.
Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

27. According to research - which parental interactions lead to healthy psychological and identity development in teenagers?
Enabling interactions
It is important for families to create opportunities for children to engage in activities that are relevant to school readiness.
Culture-sensitive instruction.
Disciplinarian

28. Two major sources for the formation of extended families are...
School-cutoff strategy.
Cultural traditions and economic hardship.
Gina - an early-maturing female
. psychodynamic view

29. Various studies of the influence of television violence on children's behavior have found...
Genetic and environmental factors.
Correlations between television violence and aggressive behavior.
Piaget
. psychodynamic view

30. Best characterizes girls' friendships in adolescence?

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31. Studies comparing schooled and nonschooled students have demonstrated that...
Autobiographical memory.
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.
Conservation.
When parents are not getting along

32. Vygotsky believed that which of the following plays a key role in self-regulation and can allow children to create their own zones of proximal development?
Specific learning disabilities.
Thought processes.
Internalizing problems.
direct instruction - Play

33. As metacognition develops over middle childhood - children...
Become more accurate in recognizing the limits of their knowledge and problem-solving skills.
positive emotions
Piaget
The Oedipus complex.

34. Apprentices receive ______________ to learn their craft.
Identity formation
A phone number provided a single time by directory assistance (i.e. - 411)
Warm - autonomous - and explain the limits they set with their children
Opportunities to observe and practice specific tasks

35. Increasing decentration in middle childhood allows children to engage in...
Differential reinforcement
Mental operations.
Egocentrism
Higher levels of intelligence

36. Authoritative parents are...
At risk for obesity.
Transductivity.
When speed and accuracy mattered - children didn't plan out their route through the maze ahead of time.
Warm - autonomous - and explain the limits they set with their children

37. Researchers have found that children's memories improve when mothers...
Social interaction
Use an elaborative style when talking to their children about the event to be remembered.
The Oedipus complex.
Piaget

38. According to research - what seems to be associated with the emotional intensity and sensation-seeking behavior experienced by many adolescents?
Multiple intelligences.
An infusion of pubertal hormones
Prosocial behavior
A. more wooden buttons.

39. Gardner and Rogoff used mazes to assess children's ability to...
Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Plan ahead.
Genetic and environmental factors.
Helps children to develop certain context-specific memorization and information-processing strategies.

40. According to Piaget -...
Moratorium
People only reach formal operations with extensive schooling.
Social conventional; personal
Independent.

41. Children whose cultural backgrounds emphasize __________ may tend to fare poorly in most U.S. classroom settings.
Girls' friendships in adolescence are more intense and intimate.
Socialization.
Instruct children in traditions of the native culture.
Interdependence

42. A teacher and a small group of students read silently through segments of text and take turns leading discussion of their meaning. This is an example of...
Metamemory.
Cultural socialization
Instrumental aggression.
Reciprocal teaching.

43. One critique of Kohlberg's moral stages of development is that...
Internalizing problems.
Identification.
Gay and lesbian parents
The model does not include a morality of care.

44. As a result of _______________ - young children's self-descriptions are usually well integrated into a personality structure.
Have a difficult time understanding that what they see on television isn't really real.
Compensation.
The amount of time spent with children is less important than how that time is spent.
transductive reasoning

45. Piaget believed that the greatest limitation to young children's thinking was...
Transductivity.
Theory of mind.
Parenting styles and the values parents seek to instill in children vary across cultures.
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.

46. When are siblings more likely to fight with one another?
When parents are not getting along
School-cutoff strategy.
Realistic mathematics education.
Theory of mind.

47. Research on parent-adolescent relationships suggests that a great deal of conflict arises because of differences in opinion about the boundaries between which two social domains?
When parents are not getting along
Personal and social conventional
Gina - an early-maturing female
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.

48. During adolescence - the amount of time teens spend with their peers ___________ and the amount of time teens spend with their parents ___________.
Formal operations.
Girls report feelings of coercion.
Uterus growth.
Increases; decreases

49. Disturbances in emotion or mood such as guilt - depression and anxiety are known as...
Enabling interactions
Formal operations.
Internalizing problems.
Differential reinforcement

50. When talking about their sexual debut -...
Girls report feelings of coercion.
. Decoding
Development occurs in a series of qualitative stage-like changes.
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.

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Human Development - HDFC

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