Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Studies of poor families suggest that such factors as stress - the dangerous circumstances of daily life in poor areas - and the nature of parents' jobs tend to cause poor parents to...
Emphasize obedience.
Differential reinforcement
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.
Gay and lesbian parents


2. In which category of ethnic socialization do parents who promote ethnic pride and emphasize cultural heritage fall?
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.
Females enter puberty earlier than do males.
Cultural socialization
Instruct children in traditions of the native culture.


3. In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of development - mass media is part of the...
Exosystem.
slowly
School-cutoff strategy.
Higher levels of intelligence


4. Not the result of the maturation of the frontal lobe?
Not supported by research
School-cutoff strategy.
Higher levels of intelligence
Authoritative


5. Not a way schooling differs from traditional apprenticeship training?

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6. During puberty - girls and boys may experience negative psychological consequences Which may be linked to...
Prosocial behavior
Microsystem
B. are more likely to be overweight as adolescents.
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.


7. A three-year-old who believes that a cat wearing a dog mask has actually become a dog is probably...
Confusing appearance and reality.
Auxiliary hair appears
Slower speed of naming objects to be remembered.
Emerging adulthood.


8. Findings from the research of Kenneth and Mamie Clark has led psychologists to conclude that...
The Oedipus complex.
transductive reasoning
African American children define themselves in terms of the majority group.
Realistic mathematics education.


9. A child's representation of going to the supermarket is an example of a...
slowly
to be enrolled in preschool
Script.
Decision making


10. LeVine proposed that three major goals are shared by parents the world over. Not among them?
School-cutoff strategy.
An entity model of intelligence.
. the social goal
A performance orientation.


11. In many western cultures - male stereotypes are __________ than female stereotypes
Uterus growth.
transductive reasoning
Warm - autonomous - and explain the limits they set with their children
More rigid


12. Play in which two or more children cooperatively enact a variety of roles is referred to as...
Sociodramatic play.
Dyslexia.
When parents are not getting along
A phone number provided a single time by directory assistance (i.e. - 411)


13. What distinguishes formal operations from concrete operations?

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14. When are siblings more likely to fight with one another?
When parents are not getting along
Realistic mathematics education.
Experience sampling method.
Cultural socialization


15. According to information-processing approach to cognitive development - before stimulation from the environment (or 'input') can be stored in either short-term memory or long-term memory - it must pass through the...
Sympathy involves feeling 'other-oriented concern' while empathy involves feeling the same emotion as the other person.
Sensory register
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.
Gay and lesbian parents


16. During adolescence - the amount of time teens spend with their peers ___________ and the amount of time teens spend with their parents ___________.
Synaptogenesis followed by synaptic pruning
Creative arts
Increases; decreases
Social conventional; personal


17. How does gender schema theory differ from cognitive-development theory?
Financial recession.
In addition to cognitive structures - gender schema theory uses culture to explain sex-role identity development - Gender schema theory often uses an information-processing approach to describe how the cognitive and learning elements of the system wo
Having extended family involved in their lives.
Personality formation


18. During early childhood the growth rates of the body and brain are _________ than they were in infancy.
Slower
Identification through differentiation
Formal operations.
Warm - autonomous - and explain the limits they set with their children


19. A self completely full of multiple selves is said to be a...
Privileged domains.
Mental actions that are coordinated in logical systems.
. saturated self.
Helps children to develop certain context-specific memorization and information-processing strategies.


20. According to research - what seems to be associated with the emotional intensity and sensation-seeking behavior experienced by many adolescents?
Need about 8 hours.
Girls report feelings of coercion.
Development occurs in a series of qualitative stage-like changes.
An infusion of pubertal hormones


21. Kohlberg's process of sex-role development mostly closely follows...

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22. Children in middle childhood experience a significant increase in size and strength - but the increases occur more ______ than in infancy and early childhood.
More
slowly
Helps children to develop certain context-specific memorization and information-processing strategies.
direct instruction - Play


23. Researchers have found that children's memories improve when mothers...
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.
Use an elaborative style when talking to their children about the event to be remembered.
Girls' friendships in adolescence are more intense and intimate.
An infusion of pubertal hormones


24. In the U.S. - teenage sex is considered by many to be...
stereotypes
Risky and potentially harmful.
Parents encourage their teens to spend time with peers of the majority culture to learn to assimilate
Creative arts


25. The understanding that the properties of an object or substance remain the same even if its appearance is altered in some superficial way is called...
Confusing appearance and reality.
At risk for obesity.
Pubertal hormones and lack of maturation in the frontal lobes of the brain.
Conservation.


26. A culture that emphasizes the individual and the individual's personal choices and goals is said to be...
Independent.
. Decoding
controlling conflict within a social group.
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.


27. In adolescence - girls are more likely than boys to experience...
Internalizing problems.
Cultural socialization
Experience sampling method.
Realistic mathematics education.


28. Research on learning mathematics has revealed that...
The frontal cortex experiences an increase in myelination which leads to an increase in a child's ability to regulate behavior and plan.
Children who speak Chinese learn math more quickly than children who speak English.
Social and emotional development.
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.


29. Which of the following pairs best describes the cognitive development of children between the ages of 2 and 5?
Uneven and variable
Thought processes.
decreases as a result of a slower pace of physical development.
Use an elaborative style when talking to their children about the event to be remembered.


30. Children who watch a lot of programs with violence tend to engage in more aggressive behavior.
stereotypes
Reciprocal teaching.
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.
B. are more likely to be overweight as adolescents.


31. Not considered to be a privileged domain?
Creative arts
Kitchen.
Sociodramatic play.
At risk for obesity.


32. Knowledge - skills - and attitudes that are precursors to learning to read - write and do math are known as...
slowly
Relational aggression
Exosystem.
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.


33. When it comes to television - children between the ages of 4 and 5...

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34. Which of the following categories of racial socialization messages appears to be associated with stronger cognitive abilities and fewer behavior problems among African-American children?
Development occurs in a series of qualitative stage-like changes.
Cultural socialization
Organize a stamp collection in terms of country of origin - date - size - etc.
Use mental operations in their everyday thinking


35. The establishment of a dominance hierarchy may have the effect of...
Have a difficult time understanding that what they see on television isn't really real.
Opportunities to observe and practice specific tasks
controlling conflict within a social group.
Not supported by research


36. Metacognition refers to the ability to think about one's own...
Thought processes.
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.
Warm - autonomous - and explain the limits they set with their children
. children older than seven years of age


37. In Kohlberg's Conventional level of moral reasoning - moral thinking at stages 3 and 4 are partially dependent on...
Internalizing problems.
Formal operations.
Uneven and variable
direct instruction - Play


38. Which of the following statements about the development of the brain during early childhood is TRUE?

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39. Due to their cognitive immaturity - children do not recognize or internalize _________ seen on television.
Computer.
The Oedipus complex.
Use mental operations in their everyday thinking
Violence


40. Five-year-old Jacob is playing with his grandmother's buttons. He counts eight wooden buttons and three plastic buttons. When his grandmother asks Jacob if he has more wooden buttons or more buttons - he will most likely indicate that there are...
Females enter puberty earlier than do males.
Inability to categorize objects
Violence
A. more wooden buttons.


41. A male's first ejaculation is called...
Cultural traditions and economic hardship.
Spermarche.
Internalizing problems.
Plan ahead.


42. The combination-of-liquid problem is a test of...
Chlamydia
Formal operations
Specific strategies for remembering are not universal.
Assess the effects of schooling on children's cognitive processes.


43. The ability to classify according to multiple criteria can clearly be seen in a child's ability to...
Organize a stamp collection in terms of country of origin - date - size - etc.
Microsystem
Warm - autonomous - and explain the limits they set with their children
Decrease in efficiency


44. The process by which children acquire the knowledge - standards - and values of their society is referred to as...
Stage 4
Moratorium
School problems usually have several acceptable solutions that can be reached many ways.
Socialization.


45. Which of the following do(es) NOT have clear negative influences on children's development?
Gay and lesbian parents
Elaboration.
more
transductive reasoning


46. Research that examines the biological and social processes that lead to maladjustment and healthy development is called...
Experience sampling method.
Cultural socialization
Prevention science.
School-cutoff strategy.


47. Alfred Binet is known for creating...
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy
Agility.
A test for diagnosing mental subnormality.
Socioeconomic status.


48. NOT characteristic of school problems?
Chlamydia
Skipping.
Multiple intelligences.
School problems usually have several acceptable solutions that can be reached many ways.


49. This change occurs in both males and females during puberty?
Parenting styles and the values parents seek to instill in children vary across cultures.
Auxiliary hair appears
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.
positive emotions


50. Which approach does the idea that theory of mind develops from primitive theories of how the world works that are present at birth and modified through experience in the world follow?
In formal schooling oral instruction is the most common type of instruction while apprenticeship instruction is done through watching and imitating the master's work.
Authoritative
Instrumental aggression.
Theory theory