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Human Development - HDFC

Subject : teaching

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A primary sex characteristic...
Not supported by research
Uterus growth.
Skipping.
Decrease in efficiency

2. Not the result of the maturation of the frontal lobe?
Social conventional; personal
Social interaction
Independent.
Higher levels of intelligence

3. A child sharing her apple slice with another child is an example of...
Decrease in efficiency
Enabling interactions
Prosocial behavior
Uterus growth.

4. Which of the following statements about the development of the brain during early childhood is TRUE?

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5. Children whose BMI falls between the 85th and 95th percentile are considered to be...
The model does not include a morality of care.
Children of mothers who went to elementary school demonstrated higher reading levels than those children of mothers who did not go to elementary school.
stereotypes
At risk for obesity.

6. A teacher and a small group of students read silently through segments of text and take turns leading discussion of their meaning. This is an example of...
Compensation.
People only reach formal operations with extensive schooling.
Reciprocal teaching.
Masturbation

7. What distinguishes formal operations from concrete operations?

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8. ______________ is a self-focused emotional reaction in the face of another's distress
When parents are not getting along
Pubertal hormones and lack of maturation in the frontal lobes of the brain.
Identification.
Personal distress

9. Research on parent-adolescent relationships suggests that a great deal of conflict arises because of differences in opinion about the boundaries between which two social domains?
Personal and social conventional
Auxiliary hair appears
It is important for families to create opportunities for children to engage in activities that are relevant to school readiness.
decreases as a result of a slower pace of physical development.

10. Adolescent boys and girls - whose friends engage in high levels of disruptive behavior at the beginning of a school year - are more likely to experience ___________ in the level of their own disruptive behavior later in the school year.
Exosystem.
Increases
Sympathy involves feeling 'other-oriented concern' while empathy involves feeling the same emotion as the other person.
Identity assumption

11. Which of the instructional discourse styles uses the 'known-answer question?'
Initiation-reply-feedback sequence
School problems usually have several acceptable solutions that can be reached many ways.
Tell themselves - 'I can't do that.'
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.

12. When it comes to television - children between the ages of 4 and 5...

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13. Studies of poor families suggest that such factors as stress - the dangerous circumstances of daily life in poor areas - and the nature of parents' jobs tend to cause poor parents to...
Socioeconomic status.
Emphasize obedience.
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.
more

14. Children whose cultural backgrounds emphasize __________ may tend to fare poorly in most U.S. classroom settings.
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.
Cultural socialization
Interdependence
Less intimate because they are less trusting of their friends.

15. On average - boys are not better than girls at...
B. are more likely to be overweight as adolescents.
Agility.
Authoritarian
Internalizing problems.

16. In their study of planning - Gardner and Rogoff found that

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17. Apprentices receive ______________ to learn their craft.
An entity model of intelligence.
Identification.
Opportunities to observe and practice specific tasks
direct instruction - Play

18. Which approach does the idea that theory of mind develops from primitive theories of how the world works that are present at birth and modified through experience in the world follow?
Piaget
Instrumental aggression.
Theory theory
Boys tend to report more positive feelings about their first intercourse than girls do.

19. A child's ability to recognize that two rows of pennies each with the same number of pennies have the same number of pennies when one row of pennies is longer than the other is called...
Exosystem.
stereotypes
Conservation.
clique

20. EEG coherence refers to the synchronization of...
Socialization.
Slower speed of naming objects to be remembered.
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.
Prosocial behavior

21. Girls begin ________ earlier than boys do.
Me-self
Prevention science.
Rehearsal.
puberty

22. Which of the following statements does NOT describe the development of the brain during early childhood?
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy
. psychodynamic view
Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
The brain is fully mature - but the connections between neurons are still being made in early childhood.

23. According to Erikson - adolescents must accomplish _______ before they move on to adulthood; if they fail to do so - they will suffer from identity confusion.
Auxiliary hair appears
Microsystem
decreases as a result of a slower pace of physical development.
Identity formation

24. A self completely full of multiple selves is said to be a...
Have difficulty with controlling their impulses - accepting responsibility for their social actions - and acting independently
The human papillomavirus.
. saturated self.
throw a ball overhand.

25. Which view of moral development suggests that children acquire a sense of What is right and wrong from internalizing the moral standards of their parents?
Conservation.
At risk for obesity.
Rehearsal.
. psychodynamic view

26. One of the key aspects of Piaget's formal operations involves...
The ovaries and the testes.
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
The drawer in the in kitchen
Genetic and environmental factors.

27. Whose theory of adolescent development believed that adolescence is the consequence of evolutionary processes?
Flynn effect.
Piaget
Not supported by research
The human papillomavirus.

28. The process of associating the letters of the alphabet with corresponding phonemes in the spoken language is referred to as...
Biological maturation.
Decoding.
Independent.
Social and emotional development.

29. In Kohlberg's Conventional level of moral reasoning - moral thinking at stages 3 and 4 are partially dependent on...
Formal operations.
Metamemory.
Neighborhood physical disorder.
Social interaction

30. Borke's replication of Piaget and Inhelder's three-mountain experiment in which children were presented with a Sesame Street character that drove around familiar landmarks demonstrated that three- and four-year-old children are capable of...
Social interaction
more
Not supported by research
Reasoning about spatial perspectives

31. Which of the following is considered a control process by information-processing theory?
Foreclosure.
Correlations between television violence and aggressive behavior.
Parenting styles and the values parents seek to instill in children vary across cultures.
Decision making

32. In Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning - at which level does reasoning require people to go beyond the existing social conventions to consider more abstract principles of right and wrong?
Postconventional level
Become more accurate in recognizing the limits of their knowledge and problem-solving skills.
positive emotions
Decreases; remains the same

33. Developmentalists refer to the ages 18 to 25 as...
More rigid
Emerging adulthood.
Uterus growth.
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy

34. Not a characteristic of a child who has recently entered Piaget's preoperational stage?
Tell themselves - 'I can't do that.'
Kitchen.
Experience sampling method.
Inability to categorize objects

35. If a 5-year-old watches a little girl put a piece of candy into a drawer in the kitchen and then watches the girl's mother move the piece of candy to the refrigerator without the little girl knowing - where will the 5-year-old say the little girl wil
Parents encourage their teens to spend time with peers of the majority culture to learn to assimilate
throw a ball overhand.
The drawer in the in kitchen
Identity integration

36. This change occurs in both males and females during puberty?
Theory theory
The brain is fully mature - but the connections between neurons are still being made in early childhood.
Auxiliary hair appears
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.

37. Studies comparing schooled and nonschooled students have demonstrated that...
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.
Use mental operations in their everyday thinking
Script.
The survival goal.

38. In many western cultures - male stereotypes are __________ than female stereotypes
decreases as a result of a slower pace of physical development.
More rigid
Elaboration.
African American children define themselves in terms of the majority group.

39. ccording to Kohlberg's cognitive explanation of sex-role identity formation - children go through three stages...
People only reach formal operations with extensive schooling.
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy
The Oedipus complex.
Increases

40. When three-year-old children are told a story about a little boy who puts candy in a drawer - leaves the room - and doesn't see when his mother then moves the candy into the kitchen - they predict the boy will look for the candy in the...
Kitchen.
Identification through differentiation
Dyslexia.
to be enrolled in preschool

41. Hitting another child to get a toy is an example of...
Thought processes.
Instrumental aggression.
When speed and accuracy mattered - children didn't plan out their route through the maze ahead of time.
Financial recession.

42. The 'known-answer question' is a type of question that is rare in everyday adult conversation but is commonly used in...
An infusion of pubertal hormones
Computer.
Initiation-reply-feedback sequences.
Uneven and variable

43. Not one of the three major parenting patterns identified by Baumrind?
Have a difficult time understanding that what they see on television isn't really real.
Socialization.
The drawer in the in kitchen
Disciplinarian

44. In adolescence - girls are more likely than boys to experience...
Identity integration
An individual's ability to relate relationships to each other
Parents encourage their teens to spend time with peers of the majority culture to learn to assimilate
Internalizing problems.

45. According to Robert Sternberg - intelligence does not comprise of...
Emerging adulthood.
Instrumental aggression.
Social intelligence.
School problems usually have several acceptable solutions that can be reached many ways.

46. In which stage of forming a sexual minority development would an individual who has had homosexual experiences and recognizes that they prefer sexual relations with members of their own sex but do not openly acknowledge their preference be?
Identity assumption
Socialization.
Elaboration.
Egocentrism

47. A child who thinks that people cannot get any smarter than they already are holds...
Skipping.
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.
Cultural differences may influence children's performance on the tasks commonly used to assess concrete operational abilities.
An entity model of intelligence.

48. The biological developments that make an individual of either sex capable of sexual reproduction are collectively referred to as...
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy
Realistic mathematics education.
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.
Puberty.

49. Concrete operations are mental operations that deal with...
Most children are not getting enough sleep in a 24-hour period.
Mental actions that are coordinated in logical systems.
Genetic and environmental factors.
Need about 8 hours.

50. Cross-cultural research on memory has demonstrated that...
Specific strategies for remembering are not universal.
Assess the effects of schooling on children's cognitive processes.
Identification.
It is important for families to create opportunities for children to engage in activities that are relevant to school readiness.

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Human Development - HDFC

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