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Human Development - HDFC

Subject : teaching

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Research in which participants carry electronic pagers that beep at random intervals - signaling that they need to fill out a brief report on their current feelings is called...
African American children define themselves in terms of the majority group.
Increases
Metamemory.
Experience sampling method.

2. NOT a major difference LeVine found when looking at children of mothers who do and did not have formal educational experience?
12 to 15 hours
Tell themselves - 'I can't do that.'
A performance orientation.
Children of mothers who went to elementary school demonstrated higher reading levels than those children of mothers who did not go to elementary school.

3. In their study of planning - Gardner and Rogoff found that

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4. Studies of poor families suggest that such factors as stress - the dangerous circumstances of daily life in poor areas - and the nature of parents' jobs tend to cause poor parents to...
Emphasize obedience.
Identity formation
The drawer in the in kitchen
Emerging adulthood.

5. A self completely full of multiple selves is said to be a...
Conservation.
. saturated self.
Independent.
Rehearsal.

6. Gardner proposed a theory of intelligence that included...
When speed and accuracy mattered - children didn't plan out their route through the maze ahead of time.
Sympathy involves feeling 'other-oriented concern' while empathy involves feeling the same emotion as the other person.
Multiple intelligences.
Disciplinarian

7. Whose theory of adolescent development believed that adolescence is the consequence of evolutionary processes?
Have a difficult time understanding that what they see on television isn't really real.
Creative arts
Pubertal hormones and lack of maturation in the frontal lobes of the brain.
Piaget

8. Baumrind found that children of 'permissive' parents tended to...
Formal operations
. children older than seven years of age
Have difficulty with controlling their impulses - accepting responsibility for their social actions - and acting independently
Instrumental aggression.

9. Vygotsky believed that which of the following plays a key role in self-regulation and can allow children to create their own zones of proximal development?
Sociodramatic play.
Parents encourage their teens to spend time with peers of the majority culture to learn to assimilate
direct instruction - Play
Rehearsal.

10. Children in middle childhood experience a significant increase in size and strength - but the increases occur more ______ than in infancy and early childhood.
Opportunities to observe and practice specific tasks
slowly
Kitchen.
Assess the effects of schooling on children's cognitive processes.

11. How many hours of sleep in a 24-hour period should a child between the ages of 2 and 5 get?
Piaget
Emerging adulthood.
12 to 15 hours
When parents are not getting along

12. According to Erikson - adolescents must accomplish _______ before they move on to adulthood; if they fail to do so - they will suffer from identity confusion.
Empathy
Interdependence
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.
Identity formation

13. A child reasons that the change in the level of a quantity of liquid brought about by pouring it from a short - wide beaker to a tall - narrow beaker is not caused by a change in the amount of the liquid - but by the fact that the taller beaker is al
Most children are not getting enough sleep in a 24-hour period.
Compensation.
Identity formation
to be enrolled in preschool

14. Piaget believed that the greatest limitation to young children's thinking was...
Differential reinforcement
Parents encourage their teens to spend time with peers of the majority culture to learn to assimilate
At risk for obesity.
Transductivity.

15. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development - children between the ages of 2 and 6...
Increases
Social conventional; personal
Use mental operations in their everyday thinking
Risky and potentially harmful.

16. In terms of sleep - adolescents...
Need about 8 hours.
Theory theory
A performance orientation.
Computer.

17. When are siblings more likely to fight with one another?
positive emotions
Socioeconomic status.
Confusing appearance and reality.
When parents are not getting along

18. According to Piaget - _____________ is an important source of cognitive conflict.
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.
Social interaction
Gay and lesbian parents
The drawer in the in kitchen

19. A child's representation of going to the supermarket is an example of a...
Inability to categorize objects
Script.
The drawer in the in kitchen
Sociodramatic play

20. One of the key aspects of Piaget's formal operations involves...
Social intelligence.
Emphasize obedience.
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
Moratorium

21. NOT an effect of schooling on the improvement of cognitive performance?
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.
. psychodynamic view
to be enrolled in preschool
Improvement in social status

22. Which STI is the most commonly reported in the U.S.?
Have a difficult time understanding that what they see on television isn't really real.
An infusion of pubertal hormones
More rigid
Chlamydia

23. The extent to which friends are similar to one another is referred to as...
Uneven and variable
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.
Identification through differentiation
Homophily.

24. Preschool children's inability to take another person's spatial perspective is an example of which of the following?
When speed and accuracy mattered - children didn't plan out their route through the maze ahead of time.
Egocentrism
Effortful control.
Socialization.

25. A young child trying to climb into a doll's cradle is demonstrating...
A scale error
Culture-sensitive instruction.
Gina - an early-maturing female
Decision making

26. ______________ is a self-focused emotional reaction in the face of another's distress
Personal distress
Masturbation
. psychodynamic view
Dyslexia.

27. The ability to remember which of the following indicates that an individual has a large memory span?
School-cutoff strategy.
Have a difficult time understanding that what they see on television isn't really real.
Metamemory.
A phone number provided a single time by directory assistance (i.e. - 411)

28. The school-cutoff strategy helps researchers to...

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29. According to Robert Sternberg - intelligence does not comprise of...
More rigid
Social intelligence.
Uterus growth.
African American children define themselves in terms of the majority group.

30. In which stage of forming a sexual minority development would an individual who has had homosexual experiences and recognizes that they prefer sexual relations with members of their own sex but do not openly acknowledge their preference be?
Use an elaborative style when talking to their children about the event to be remembered.
Initiation-reply-feedback sequences.
Identity assumption
transductive reasoning

31. In Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning - at which level does reasoning require people to go beyond the existing social conventions to consider more abstract principles of right and wrong?
People only reach formal operations with extensive schooling.
Emotional climate of family
Postconventional level
. Decoding

32. In Kohlberg's Conventional level of moral reasoning - moral thinking at stages 3 and 4 are partially dependent on...
Theory theory
Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Skipping.
Formal operations.

33. Results from a longitudinal study done in the U.S. revealed that children identified as overweight between the ages of 2 and 4...
B. are more likely to be overweight as adolescents.
Theory of mind.
A performance orientation.
A. more wooden buttons.

34. Studies of parenting practices across ethnic communities have revealed that...
Parenting styles and the values parents seek to instill in children vary across cultures.
Higher levels of intelligence
Specific learning disabilities.
Children who speak Chinese learn math more quickly than children who speak English.

35. The most common STI in the U.S. is...
Compensation.
The human papillomavirus.
Violence
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.

36. Adolescent boys and girls - whose friends engage in high levels of disruptive behavior at the beginning of a school year - are more likely to experience ___________ in the level of their own disruptive behavior later in the school year.
Increases
Decoding.
Transductivity.
Children of mothers who went to elementary school demonstrated higher reading levels than those children of mothers who did not go to elementary school.

37. Apprentices receive ______________ to learn their craft.
to be enrolled in preschool
Higher levels of intelligence
Opportunities to observe and practice specific tasks
Masturbation

38. Children adopting an entity theory of intelligence are more likely than others to...

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39. Which of the following statements about the development of the brain during early childhood is TRUE?

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40. Aggression results from urges that build up over time until they are released in an explosion of violence.
Creative arts
Not supported by research
Thought processes.
The model does not include a morality of care.

41. In which stage of Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning is a child whose reasoning involves 'law-and-order morality'?
Children of mothers who went to elementary school demonstrated higher reading levels than those children of mothers who did not go to elementary school.
Stage 4
Organize a stamp collection in terms of country of origin - date - size - etc.
School problems usually have several acceptable solutions that can be reached many ways.

42. In which category of ethnic socialization do parents who promote ethnic pride and emphasize cultural heritage fall?
Cultural socialization
Warm - autonomous - and explain the limits they set with their children
Skipping.
Neighborhood physical disorder.

43. In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of development - mass media is part of the...
Exosystem.
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.
Specific learning disabilities.
Correlations between television violence and aggressive behavior.

44. Dyslexia - dyscalculia - and dysgraphia are examples of...
An entity model of intelligence.
Kitchen.
Independent.
Specific learning disabilities.

45. Findings from the research of Kenneth and Mamie Clark has led psychologists to conclude that...
In formal schooling oral instruction is the most common type of instruction while apprenticeship instruction is done through watching and imitating the master's work.
African American children define themselves in terms of the majority group.
Rehearsal.
Girls report feelings of coercion.

46. Which of the instructional discourse styles uses the 'known-answer question?'
Specific strategies for remembering are not universal.
Personal distress
Initiation-reply-feedback sequence
. saturated self.

47. having extended family involved in their lives.
Compensation.
Assess the effects of schooling on children's cognitive processes.
Social interaction
The survival goal.

48. When three-year-old children are told a story about a little boy who puts candy in a drawer - leaves the room - and doesn't see when his mother then moves the candy into the kitchen - they predict the boy will look for the candy in the...
Kitchen.
. Decoding
Me-self
Use an elaborative style when talking to their children about the event to be remembered.

49. Parents who insist that their adolescent dress in a socially appropriate way is operating from the boundaries of ____________; while an adolescent who insists that dress is a matter of personal choice are operating from the boundaries of ____________
A phone number provided a single time by directory assistance (i.e. - 411)
Socially incompetent - withdrawn and lacked intellectual curiosity.
Social conventional; personal
Assess the effects of schooling on children's cognitive processes.

50. Being poor in early childhood is ___________ challenging to children's well-being than being poor later in life.
More
Foreclosure.
Internalizing problems.
Experience sampling method.