Human Development - HDFC

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A child who says - 'The liquid is higher - but the glass is thinner -' when asked the reason for their answer to a task of conservation is demonstrating...
Sociodramatic play.
Compensation.
In addition to cognitive structures - gender schema theory uses culture to explain sex-role identity development - Gender schema theory often uses an information-processing approach to describe how the cognitive and learning elements of the system wo
Spermarche.


2. Children who watch a lot of programs with violence tend to engage in more aggressive behavior.
stereotypes
direct instruction - Play
Differential reinforcement
Identity formation


3. Which of the following is considered a control process by information-processing theory?
Piaget
Decision making
Multiple intelligences.
. Decoding


4. As metacognition develops over middle childhood - children...
Authoritative
Higher levels of intelligence
Become more accurate in recognizing the limits of their knowledge and problem-solving skills.
Females enter puberty earlier than do males.


5. Research in which participants carry electronic pagers that beep at random intervals - signaling that they need to fill out a brief report on their current feelings is called...
Risky and potentially harmful.
Cultural socialization
Experience sampling method.
Neighborhood physical disorder.


6. Which of the following statements about children's experience with interactive media is NOT true?

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7. Adolescent ethnic identity formation is not strong when...
Identity formation
Prevention science.
Parents encourage their teens to spend time with peers of the majority culture to learn to assimilate
to be enrolled in preschool


8. Research on sleep in children between the ages of 2 and 5 has shown that...
Higher levels of intelligence
Self-regulatory capacity.
Organize a stamp collection in terms of country of origin - date - size - etc.
Most children are not getting enough sleep in a 24-hour period.


9. During puberty - girls and boys may experience negative psychological consequences Which may be linked to...
The ovaries and the testes.
Personality formation
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.
It is clear that computer use is preferable to TV viewing for children's development.


10. Children adopting an entity theory of intelligence are more likely than others to...

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11. Freud attributed adolescent development primarily to...
Personality formation
Cultural socialization
Emotional climate of family
Biological maturation.


12. Studies of poor families suggest that such factors as stress - the dangerous circumstances of daily life in poor areas - and the nature of parents' jobs tend to cause poor parents to...
Emphasize obedience.
Have difficulty with controlling their impulses - accepting responsibility for their social actions - and acting independently
Higher levels of intelligence
Deviancy in adolescence.


13. Which of the instructional discourse styles uses the 'known-answer question?'
Self-regulatory capacity.
Disciplinarian
Computer.
Initiation-reply-feedback sequence


14. Developmentalists call the development of children's own unique patterns of feeling - thinking - and behaving in a variety of circumstances ________________.
Genetic and environmental factors.
The amount of time spent with children is less important than how that time is spent.
Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Personality formation


15. Children whose cultural backgrounds emphasize __________ may tend to fare poorly in most U.S. classroom settings.
Masturbation
Mental actions that are coordinated in logical systems.
Internalizing problems.
Interdependence


16. Adolescents most at-risk for depression and eating disorders?
Cultural socialization
Gina - an early-maturing female
Instrumental aggression.
Inability to categorize objects


17. How many hours of sleep in a 24-hour period should a child between the ages of 2 and 5 get?
Social conventional; personal
Slower speed of naming objects to be remembered.
Exosystem.
12 to 15 hours


18. Piaget believed that the greatest limitation to young children's thinking was...
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.
Effortful control.
Transductivity.
Reciprocal teaching.


19. Baumrind's research found that children of authoritarian parents were...
Effortful control.
Self-regulatory capacity.
Socially incompetent - withdrawn and lacked intellectual curiosity.
Theory of mind.


20. Not the result of the maturation of the frontal lobe?
The model does not include a morality of care.
to be enrolled in preschool
Higher levels of intelligence
Most children are not getting enough sleep in a 24-hour period.


21. The combination-of-liquid problem is a test of...
Relational aggression
Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Formal operations
Social intelligence.


22. During adolescence - the amount of time teens spend with their peers ___________ and the amount of time teens spend with their parents ___________.
Increases; decreases
Have difficulty with controlling their impulses - accepting responsibility for their social actions - and acting independently
Biological maturation.
more


23. Increasing decentration in middle childhood allows children to engage in...
The survival goal.
positive emotions
Mental operations.
Parents encourage their teens to spend time with peers of the majority culture to learn to assimilate


24. Being poor in early childhood is ___________ challenging to children's well-being than being poor later in life.
Homophily.
Multiple intelligences.
More
Realistic mathematics education.


25. In adolescence - boys' crying _______________ in frequency; while girls' crying ________________ in frequency.
Sympathy involves feeling 'other-oriented concern' while empathy involves feeling the same emotion as the other person.
Decreases; remains the same
Initiation-reply-feedback sequence
In addition to cognitive structures - gender schema theory uses culture to explain sex-role identity development - Gender schema theory often uses an information-processing approach to describe how the cognitive and learning elements of the system wo


26. Five-year-old Jacob is playing with his grandmother's buttons. He counts eight wooden buttons and three plastic buttons. When his grandmother asks Jacob if he has more wooden buttons or more buttons - he will most likely indicate that there are...
Formal operations
A. more wooden buttons.
Increases; decreases
Genetic and environmental factors.


27. A primary sex characteristic...
Sociodramatic play
Enabling interactions
Not supported by research
Uterus growth.


28. The most common STI in the U.S. is...
The human papillomavirus.
Social conventional; personal
Masturbation
. saturated self.


29. The term gonads refers to...
direct instruction - Play
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.
Multiple intelligences.
The ovaries and the testes.


30. Which of the following statements about the development of the brain during early childhood is TRUE?

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31. According to Robert Sternberg - intelligence does not comprise of...
Social intelligence.
Dyslexia.
Formal operations.
A test for diagnosing mental subnormality.


32. Members of a ______ interact on a regular basis; members of a crowd may not.
A phone number provided a single time by directory assistance (i.e. - 411)
clique
Children of mothers who went to elementary school demonstrated higher reading levels than those children of mothers who did not go to elementary school.
decreases as a result of a slower pace of physical development.


33. Best describes society's attitude about adolescents throughout history?
Personal and social conventional
Rehearsal.
Assess the effects of schooling on children's cognitive processes.
Adolescence is a time of happiness and growth.


34. On average - boys are not better than girls at...
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
A phone number provided a single time by directory assistance (i.e. - 411)
Agility.
Have a difficult time understanding that what they see on television isn't really real.


35. The school-cutoff strategy helps researchers to...

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36. When it comes to television - children between the ages of 4 and 5...

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37. Findings from the research of Kenneth and Mamie Clark has led psychologists to conclude that...
The model does not include a morality of care.
Personality formation
Opportunities to observe and practice specific tasks
African American children define themselves in terms of the majority group.


38. NOT a brain change that occurs during adolescence?
Uneven and variable
The drawer in the in kitchen
Decrease in efficiency
Script.


39. Not a characteristic of a child who has recently entered Piaget's preoperational stage?
Effortful control.
Inability to categorize objects
Internalizing problems.
Prosocial behavior


40. Adolescent boys and girls - whose friends engage in high levels of disruptive behavior at the beginning of a school year - are more likely to experience ___________ in the level of their own disruptive behavior later in the school year.
Females enter puberty earlier than do males.
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.
Moratorium
Increases


41. In their study of planning - Gardner and Rogoff found that

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42. In Kohlberg's Conventional level of moral reasoning - moral thinking at stages 3 and 4 are partially dependent on...
Instrumental aggression.
Formal operations.
Slower
Mental operations.


43. Carol Lee's research on African American adolescents shows the importance of...
Culture-sensitive instruction.
It is important for families to create opportunities for children to engage in activities that are relevant to school readiness.
A performance orientation.
Identification through differentiation


44. According to research - what seems to be associated with the emotional intensity and sensation-seeking behavior experienced by many adolescents?
more
Prosocial behavior
Not supported by research
An infusion of pubertal hormones


45. When it comes to the sexual debut - in the U.S. -...
Boys tend to report more positive feelings about their first intercourse than girls do.
Multiple intelligences.
Realistic mathematics education.
Agility.


46. Dyslexia - dyscalculia - and dysgraphia are examples of...
People only reach formal operations with extensive schooling.
African American children define themselves in terms of the majority group.
Specific learning disabilities.
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.


47. A male's first ejaculation is called...
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.
Thought processes.
Spermarche.
Script.


48. __________ can be characterized as a form of activity that is intermediate between the implicit socialization of everyday family life and the explicit teaching of formal education.
Apprenticeship
Creative arts
support emotion and security needs.
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy


49. Identity states characterized by low commitment and high crisis/exploration
Effortful control.
Prevention science.
The ovaries and the testes.
Moratorium


50. Disturbances in emotion or mood such as guilt - depression and anxiety are known as...
Plan ahead.
Identity integration
Pubertal hormones and lack of maturation in the frontal lobes of the brain.
Internalizing problems.