Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Research on the use of interactive media suggests that boys who play computer games often spend _________ time with their friends outside of school than boys who spend little to no time playing on the computer.
more
Confusing appearance and reality.
Girls report feelings of coercion.
Parenting styles and the values parents seek to instill in children vary across cultures.


2. Children in middle childhood experience a significant increase in size and strength - but the increases occur more ______ than in infancy and early childhood.
Agility.
A test for diagnosing mental subnormality.
slowly
When speed and accuracy mattered - children didn't plan out their route through the maze ahead of time.


3. Best characterizes girls' friendships in adolescence?

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4. According to research - what seems to be associated with the emotional intensity and sensation-seeking behavior experienced by many adolescents?
Personal and social conventional
Spermarche.
Girls report feelings of coercion.
An infusion of pubertal hormones


5. In Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning - at which level does reasoning require people to go beyond the existing social conventions to consider more abstract principles of right and wrong?
Postconventional level
In addition to cognitive structures - gender schema theory uses culture to explain sex-role identity development - Gender schema theory often uses an information-processing approach to describe how the cognitive and learning elements of the system wo
An individual's ability to relate relationships to each other
A teacher and a small group of students read a segment of text silently and then take turns leading a discussion of its meaning.


6. Freud attributed adolescent development primarily to...
The Oedipus complex.
A performance orientation.
Prevention science.
Biological maturation.


7. Researchers have found that children's memories improve when mothers...
Use an elaborative style when talking to their children about the event to be remembered.
When speed and accuracy mattered - children didn't plan out their route through the maze ahead of time.
Tell themselves - 'I can't do that.'
Script.


8. Findings from the research of Kenneth and Mamie Clark has led psychologists to conclude that...
Authoritarian
Assess the effects of schooling on children's cognitive processes.
Use mental operations in their everyday thinking
African American children define themselves in terms of the majority group.


9. having extended family involved in their lives.
Moratorium
Girls' friendships in adolescence are more intense and intimate.
When speed and accuracy mattered - children didn't plan out their route through the maze ahead of time.
The survival goal.


10. A three-year-old who believes that a cat wearing a dog mask has actually become a dog is probably...
The frontal cortex experiences an increase in myelination which leads to an increase in a child's ability to regulate behavior and plan.
Identity integration
Confusing appearance and reality.
In formal schooling oral instruction is the most common type of instruction while apprenticeship instruction is done through watching and imitating the master's work.


11. Which approach does the idea that theory of mind develops from primitive theories of how the world works that are present at birth and modified through experience in the world follow?
The Oedipus complex.
Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Theory theory
The amount of time spent with children is less important than how that time is spent.


12. In the reciprocal-teaching approach...
Postconventional level
The brain is fully mature - but the connections between neurons are still being made in early childhood.
Apprenticeship
A teacher and a small group of students read a segment of text silently and then take turns leading a discussion of its meaning.


13. This change occurs in both males and females during puberty?
Autobiographical memory.
Auxiliary hair appears
A scale error
Differential reinforcement


14. The biological developments that make an individual of either sex capable of sexual reproduction are collectively referred to as...
Masturbation
Puberty.
Disciplinarian
Empathy


15. During puberty - girls and boys may experience negative psychological consequences Which may be linked to...
The human papillomavirus.
Culture-sensitive instruction.
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.
Correlations between television violence and aggressive behavior.


16. According to research on adolescent behavior - risk taking may be the consequence of...
Confusing appearance and reality.
Pubertal hormones and lack of maturation in the frontal lobes of the brain.
decreases as a result of a slower pace of physical development.
School-cutoff strategy.


17. When it comes to the sexual debut - in the U.S. -...
Compensation.
Cultural differences may influence children's performance on the tasks commonly used to assess concrete operational abilities.
Formal operations
Boys tend to report more positive feelings about their first intercourse than girls do.


18. Becoming able to control one's emotions - behaviors - and mental states is referred to as the development of one's...
Social interaction
Deviancy in adolescence.
Theory of mind.
Self-regulatory capacity.


19. The process by which children acquire the knowledge - standards - and values of their society is referred to as...
Socialization.
Females enter puberty earlier than do males.
Warm - autonomous - and explain the limits they set with their children
The model does not include a morality of care.


20. During adolescence - the amount of time teens spend with their peers ___________ and the amount of time teens spend with their parents ___________.
Slower
Neighborhood physical disorder.
Increases; decreases
. psychodynamic view


21. Carol Lee's research on African American adolescents shows the importance of...
Less intimate because they are less trusting of their friends.
Have a difficult time understanding that what they see on television isn't really real.
Slower
Culture-sensitive instruction.


22. Not one of the three major parenting patterns identified by Baumrind?
Instruct children in traditions of the native culture.
Disciplinarian
Boys tend to report more positive feelings about their first intercourse than girls do.
Autobiographical memory.


23. The establishment of a dominance hierarchy may have the effect of...
Formal operations.
controlling conflict within a social group.
. psychodynamic view
Adolescence is a time of happiness and growth.


24. Gardner and Rogoff used mazes to assess children's ability to...
Need about 8 hours.
Plan ahead.
Foreclosure.
Experience sampling method.


25. Which of the following statements about children's experience with interactive media is NOT true?

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26. Not an assumption of the modularity theory?
Development occurs in a series of qualitative stage-like changes.
In addition to cognitive structures - gender schema theory uses culture to explain sex-role identity development - Gender schema theory often uses an information-processing approach to describe how the cognitive and learning elements of the system wo
Adolescence is a time of happiness and growth.
Have a difficult time understanding that what they see on television isn't really real.


27. When it comes to television - children between the ages of 4 and 5...

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28. In this stage of sexual identity development are sexual-minority individuals who have come to terms with their homosexuality and are 'out' in their communities?
Uterus growth.
Identity integration
Prosocial behavior
Prevention science.


29. The ability to remember which of the following indicates that an individual has a large memory span?
The model does not include a morality of care.
stereotypes
A phone number provided a single time by directory assistance (i.e. - 411)
Cultural differences may influence children's performance on the tasks commonly used to assess concrete operational abilities.


30. NOT characteristic of school problems?
Chlamydia
Authoritative
Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
School problems usually have several acceptable solutions that can be reached many ways.


31. Girls begin ________ earlier than boys do.
Moratorium
Increases; decreases
Flynn effect.
puberty


32. Cross-cultural studies of concrete operations demonstrate that...

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33. According to Piaget - _____________ is an important source of cognitive conflict.
Neighborhood physical disorder.
Social interaction
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.
Tell themselves - 'I can't do that.'


34. How does gender schema theory differ from cognitive-development theory?
The human papillomavirus.
Reciprocal teaching.
In addition to cognitive structures - gender schema theory uses culture to explain sex-role identity development - Gender schema theory often uses an information-processing approach to describe how the cognitive and learning elements of the system wo
Computer.


35. According to the social learning view - children identify with the same-sex parent because of...
Differential reinforcement
A teacher and a small group of students read a segment of text silently and then take turns leading a discussion of its meaning.
Privileged domains.
Stage 4


36. Results from a longitudinal study done in the U.S. revealed that children identified as overweight between the ages of 2 and 4...
B. are more likely to be overweight as adolescents.
Warm - autonomous - and explain the limits they set with their children
Genetic and environmental factors.
An entity model of intelligence.


37. Using Bronfenbrenner's ecological model - in which ecosystem are daycare centers located?
12 to 15 hours
Higher levels of intelligence
It is important for families to create opportunities for children to engage in activities that are relevant to school readiness.
Microsystem


38. Dyslexia - dyscalculia - and dysgraphia are examples of...
Creative arts
Script.
. Decoding
Specific learning disabilities.


39. The pleasure young children take in using their new motor skills is referred to as...
Motor drive
Social interaction
Biological maturation.
Egocentrism


40. Research on young children demonstrates that high levels of ______________ measured at the beginning of a year is associated with high levels of self-regulation when measured later in the same year.
More rigid
Boys tend to report more positive feelings about their first intercourse than girls do.
Elaboration.
Sociodramatic play


41. Adolescent ethnic identity formation is not strong when...
Gay and lesbian parents
The human papillomavirus.
Parents encourage their teens to spend time with peers of the majority culture to learn to assimilate
Neighborhood physical disorder.


42. Children whose cultural backgrounds emphasize __________ may tend to fare poorly in most U.S. classroom settings.
positive emotions
clique
It is important for families to create opportunities for children to engage in activities that are relevant to school readiness.
Interdependence


43. Which of the following is considered a control process by information-processing theory?
Decoding.
It is important for families to create opportunities for children to engage in activities that are relevant to school readiness.
Initiation-reply-feedback sequence
Decision making


44. In which stage of Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning is a child whose reasoning involves 'law-and-order morality'?
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.
Stage 4
Experience sampling method.
Decreases; remains the same


45. Tudge's research on children's everyday activities demonstrated that
Foreclosure.
Decrease in efficiency
It is important for families to create opportunities for children to engage in activities that are relevant to school readiness.
Skipping.


46. A child who thinks that people cannot get any smarter than they already are holds...
An entity model of intelligence.
Transductivity.
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.
B. are more likely to be overweight as adolescents.


47. In adolescence - cliques serve to...
Risky and potentially harmful.
Culture-sensitive instruction.
Sympathy involves feeling 'other-oriented concern' while empathy involves feeling the same emotion as the other person.
support emotion and security needs.


48. Similarity between friends can contribute to...
Parenting styles and the values parents seek to instill in children vary across cultures.
Deviancy in adolescence.
Financial recession.
Conservation.


49. A child's representation of going to the supermarket is an example of a...
Girls report feelings of coercion.
Theory of mind.
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.
Script.


50. What is the difference between empathy and sympathy?

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