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Human Development - HDFC

Subject : teaching

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning - at which level does reasoning require people to go beyond the existing social conventions to consider more abstract principles of right and wrong?
Postconventional level
Formal operations.
12 to 15 hours
Theory theory

2. Baumrind's research found that children of authoritarian parents were...
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.
Socially incompetent - withdrawn and lacked intellectual curiosity.
Prevention science.
Privileged domains.

3. Which of the instructional discourse styles uses the 'known-answer question?'
Decision making
Uneven and variable
Skipping.
Initiation-reply-feedback sequence

4. A child's ability to recognize that two rows of pennies each with the same number of pennies have the same number of pennies when one row of pennies is longer than the other is called...
Conservation.
Realistic mathematics education.
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.
School problems usually have several acceptable solutions that can be reached many ways.

5. Metacognition refers to the ability to think about one's own...
Thought processes.
Cultural socialization
Social interaction
Emerging adulthood.

6. Which of the following statements about children's experience with interactive media is NOT true?

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7. NOT a brain change that occurs during adolescence?
Financial recession.
School problems usually have several acceptable solutions that can be reached many ways.
Social conventional; personal
Decrease in efficiency

8. According to research on adolescent behavior - risk taking may be the consequence of...
puberty
A. more wooden buttons.
Pubertal hormones and lack of maturation in the frontal lobes of the brain.
Become more accurate in recognizing the limits of their knowledge and problem-solving skills.

9. A self completely full of multiple selves is said to be a...
Independent.
Mental actions that are coordinated in logical systems.
Sociodramatic play.
. saturated self.

10. Which view of moral development suggests that children acquire a sense of What is right and wrong from internalizing the moral standards of their parents?
. psychodynamic view
Most children are not getting enough sleep in a 24-hour period.
slowly
more

11. NOT an effect of schooling on the improvement of cognitive performance?
Improvement in social status
Script.
Metamemory.
Children who speak Chinese learn math more quickly than children who speak English.

12. A problem in distressed communities that includes physical deterioration and chaotic activity is called...
Neighborhood physical disorder.
Personal and social conventional
Socially incompetent - withdrawn and lacked intellectual curiosity.
Females enter puberty earlier than do males.

13. Concrete operations are mental operations that deal with...
Mental actions that are coordinated in logical systems.
more
Inability to categorize objects
Initiation-reply-feedback sequences.

14. Due to their cognitive immaturity - children do not recognize or internalize _________ seen on television.
Biological maturation.
Violence
More rigid
More

15. Five-year-old Jacob is playing with his grandmother's buttons. He counts eight wooden buttons and three plastic buttons. When his grandmother asks Jacob if he has more wooden buttons or more buttons - he will most likely indicate that there are...
Deviancy in adolescence.
In formal schooling oral instruction is the most common type of instruction while apprenticeship instruction is done through watching and imitating the master's work.
A. more wooden buttons.
Disciplinarian

16. According to the social learning view - children identify with the same-sex parent because of...
Differential reinforcement
Prevention science.
Helps children to develop certain context-specific memorization and information-processing strategies.
Metamemory.

17. Adolescents most at-risk for depression and eating disorders?
Cultural differences may influence children's performance on the tasks commonly used to assess concrete operational abilities.
Exosystem.
When speed and accuracy mattered - children didn't plan out their route through the maze ahead of time.
Gina - an early-maturing female

18. A three-year-old who believes that a cat wearing a dog mask has actually become a dog is probably...
Confusing appearance and reality.
Organize a stamp collection in terms of country of origin - date - size - etc.
Conservation.
Synaptogenesis followed by synaptic pruning

19. The biological developments that make an individual of either sex capable of sexual reproduction are collectively referred to as...
Gay and lesbian parents
Autobiographical memory.
Puberty.
Apprenticeship

20. Studies that compare 6-year-olds who have experienced formal schooling with 6-year-olds who have not yet experienced formal schooling use the...
puberty
School-cutoff strategy.
Thought processes.
Plan ahead.

21. The term gonads refers to...
Internalizing problems.
Socialization.
The ovaries and the testes.
Slower speed of naming objects to be remembered.

22. In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of development - mass media is part of the...
controlling conflict within a social group.
Decoding.
Exosystem.
Sensory register

23. On average - boys are not better than girls at...
Adolescence is a time of happiness and growth.
Warm - autonomous - and explain the limits they set with their children
Agility.
Motor drive

24. Throughout adolescence - boys do not tend to have more ___________ than girls.
Specific learning disabilities.
slowly
Personality formation
positive emotions

25. In terms of sleep - adolescents...
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy
Foreclosure.
Microsystem
Need about 8 hours.

26. Freud is associated with which of the following approaches to sex-role identity formation
Identification.
Identification through differentiation
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.
Reasoning about spatial perspectives

27. Alfred Binet is known for creating...
A test for diagnosing mental subnormality.
Sympathy involves feeling 'other-oriented concern' while empathy involves feeling the same emotion as the other person.
Genetic and environmental factors.
Moratorium

28. Freud attributed adolescent development primarily to...
Independent.
The amount of time spent with children is less important than how that time is spent.
Biological maturation.
An entity model of intelligence.

29. Reciprocal teaching incorporates...
Instrumental aggression.
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.
An individual's ability to relate relationships to each other
Emotional climate of family

30. In Kohlberg's Conventional level of moral reasoning - moral thinking at stages 3 and 4 are partially dependent on...
Formal operations.
Prosocial behavior
Specific learning disabilities.
Pubertal hormones and lack of maturation in the frontal lobes of the brain.

31. According to research - which parental interactions lead to healthy psychological and identity development in teenagers?
Enabling interactions
Identification through differentiation
Differential reinforcement
Socially incompetent - withdrawn and lacked intellectual curiosity.

32. Which of the following statements does NOT describe the development of the brain during early childhood?
The brain is fully mature - but the connections between neurons are still being made in early childhood.
Assess the effects of schooling on children's cognitive processes.
Have difficulty with controlling their impulses - accepting responsibility for their social actions - and acting independently
Apprenticeship

33. A child reasons that the change in the level of a quantity of liquid brought about by pouring it from a short - wide beaker to a tall - narrow beaker is not caused by a change in the amount of the liquid - but by the fact that the taller beaker is al
Rehearsal.
Compensation.
Specific strategies for remembering are not universal.
The model does not include a morality of care.

34. According to Erikson - adolescents must accomplish _______ before they move on to adulthood; if they fail to do so - they will suffer from identity confusion.
Compensation.
It is important for families to create opportunities for children to engage in activities that are relevant to school readiness.
clique
Identity formation

35. As a result of _______________ - young children's self-descriptions are usually well integrated into a personality structure.
Cultural socialization
Thought processes.
Pubertal hormones and lack of maturation in the frontal lobes of the brain.
transductive reasoning

36. Research has found that adolescents' developmental outcomes are most favorable when their parents use a(n) __________________ approach to parenting.
Violence
. children older than seven years of age
puberty
Authoritative

37. Which type of aggression are preschool aged girls more likely to engage in than preschool boys?
More
stereotypes
Script.
Relational aggression

38. The memory strategy that involves making connections between two or more things to be remembered is called...
Elaboration.
Microsystem
A. more wooden buttons.
Parents encourage their teens to spend time with peers of the majority culture to learn to assimilate

39. The 'known-answer question' is a type of question that is rare in everyday adult conversation but is commonly used in...
Interdependence
Initiation-reply-feedback sequences.
The ovaries and the testes.
Slower

40. If a 5-year-old watches a little girl put a piece of candy into a drawer in the kitchen and then watches the girl's mother move the piece of candy to the refrigerator without the little girl knowing - where will the 5-year-old say the little girl wil
Helps children to develop certain context-specific memorization and information-processing strategies.
Use mental operations in their everyday thinking
The drawer in the in kitchen
Apprenticeship

41. Studies of poor families suggest that such factors as stress - the dangerous circumstances of daily life in poor areas - and the nature of parents' jobs tend to cause poor parents to...
Need about 8 hours.
Me-self
Computer.
Emphasize obedience.

42. Not a way schooling differs from traditional apprenticeship training?

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43. A culture that emphasizes the individual and the individual's personal choices and goals is said to be...
When parents are not getting along
Females enter puberty earlier than do males.
Gay and lesbian parents
Independent.

44. Developmentalists call the development of children's own unique patterns of feeling - thinking - and behaving in a variety of circumstances ________________.
Sociodramatic play
An individual's ability to relate relationships to each other
Have a difficult time understanding that what they see on television isn't really real.
Personality formation

45. Gardner proposed a theory of intelligence that included...
Multiple intelligences.
In formal schooling oral instruction is the most common type of instruction while apprenticeship instruction is done through watching and imitating the master's work.
Socialization.
Mental actions that are coordinated in logical systems.

46. In the U.S. - teenage sex is considered by many to be...
Me-self
Disciplinarian
Risky and potentially harmful.
Sociodramatic play

47. One of the key aspects of Piaget's formal operations involves...
When parents are not getting along
Relational aggression
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
Flynn effect.

48. Focusing on changes within specific areas of knowledge acquisition is most closely associated with...
clique
. psychodynamic view
decreases as a result of a slower pace of physical development.
Privileged domains.

49. Children who watch a lot of programs with violence tend to engage in more aggressive behavior.
Apprenticeship
Auxiliary hair appears
stereotypes
When parents are not getting along

50. The combination-of-liquid problem is a test of...
Prosocial behavior
Multiple intelligences.
Formal operations
Slower

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Human Development - HDFC

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