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Human Development - HDFC

Subject : teaching

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Information-processing models of cognitive development often make the analogy between cognitive development and a(n)...
slowly
Creative arts
decreases as a result of a slower pace of physical development.
Computer.

2. Research on sleep in children between the ages of 2 and 5 has shown that...
more
Most children are not getting enough sleep in a 24-hour period.
Independent.
Assess the effects of schooling on children's cognitive processes.

3. The process of associating the letters of the alphabet with corresponding phonemes in the spoken language is referred to as...
. psychodynamic view
Decoding.
Authoritarian
Social and emotional development.

4. NOT characteristic of school problems?
Auxiliary hair appears
People only reach formal operations with extensive schooling.
Development occurs in a series of qualitative stage-like changes.
School problems usually have several acceptable solutions that can be reached many ways.

5. In their study of planning - Gardner and Rogoff found that

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6. Throughout adolescence - boys do not tend to have more ___________ than girls.
When speed and accuracy mattered - children didn't plan out their route through the maze ahead of time.
Differential reinforcement
Internalizing problems.
positive emotions

7. A child reasons that the change in the level of a quantity of liquid brought about by pouring it from a short - wide beaker to a tall - narrow beaker is not caused by a change in the amount of the liquid - but by the fact that the taller beaker is al
Compensation.
Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Decoding.
. the social goal

8. Which of the following pairs best describes the cognitive development of children between the ages of 2 and 5?
A performance orientation.
. psychodynamic view
Uneven and variable
The survival goal.

9. Which view of moral development suggests that children acquire a sense of What is right and wrong from internalizing the moral standards of their parents?
Warm - autonomous - and explain the limits they set with their children
. psychodynamic view
Children of mothers who went to elementary school demonstrated higher reading levels than those children of mothers who did not go to elementary school.
Organize a stamp collection in terms of country of origin - date - size - etc.

10. The process by which children acquire the knowledge - standards - and values of their society is referred to as...
Theory of mind.
At risk for obesity.
Socialization.
Puberty.

11. One of the most important predictors of the well-being of children in single-parent families is...
Authoritarian
Synaptogenesis followed by synaptic pruning
The drawer in the in kitchen
Socioeconomic status.

12. LeVine proposed that three major goals are shared by parents the world over. Not among them?
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.
The drawer in the in kitchen
. the social goal
It is clear that computer use is preferable to TV viewing for children's development.

13. Not a way schooling differs from traditional apprenticeship training?

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14. A psychological process in which children try to look - act - feel - and be like significant people in their social environment is referred to as...
Correlations between television violence and aggressive behavior.
Risky and potentially harmful.
The frontal cortex experiences an increase in myelination which leads to an increase in a child's ability to regulate behavior and plan.
Identification.

15. How many hours of sleep in a 24-hour period should a child between the ages of 2 and 5 get?
12 to 15 hours
Decision making
Authoritative
A test for diagnosing mental subnormality.

16. The capacity to share in someone else's emotional experience and feel what that person is feeling is referred to as...
Empathy
Differential reinforcement
Girls report feelings of coercion.
Gina - an early-maturing female

17. Gardner and Rogoff used mazes to assess children's ability to...
Parenting styles and the values parents seek to instill in children vary across cultures.
The Oedipus complex.
Plan ahead.
Compensation.

18. In this stage of sexual identity development are sexual-minority individuals who have come to terms with their homosexuality and are 'out' in their communities?
clique
Prosocial behavior
Identity integration
. the social goal

19. According to information-processing approach to cognitive development - before stimulation from the environment (or 'input') can be stored in either short-term memory or long-term memory - it must pass through the...
Masturbation
Compensation.
Mental actions that are coordinated in logical systems.
Sensory register

20. The game 'Simon Says' requires children to employ...
Effortful control.
Confusing appearance and reality.
Tell themselves - 'I can't do that.'
At risk for obesity.

21. Tudge's research on children's everyday activities demonstrated that
Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Girls' friendships in adolescence are more intense and intimate.
Sociodramatic play.
It is important for families to create opportunities for children to engage in activities that are relevant to school readiness.

22. Becoming able to control one's emotions - behaviors - and mental states is referred to as the development of one's...
Formal operations
Self-regulatory capacity.
Foreclosure.
Sympathy involves feeling 'other-oriented concern' while empathy involves feeling the same emotion as the other person.

23. Authoritative parents are...
Experience sampling method.
Identification through differentiation
Warm - autonomous - and explain the limits they set with their children
Compensation.

24. Not considered to be a privileged domain?
Plan ahead.
Creative arts
Emphasize obedience.
Egocentrism

25. Play in which two or more children cooperatively enact a variety of roles is referred to as...
Social conventional; personal
Sociodramatic play.
Experience sampling method.
Creative arts

26. A child who says - 'The liquid is higher - but the glass is thinner -' when asked the reason for their answer to a task of conservation is demonstrating...
Correlations between television violence and aggressive behavior.
Deviancy in adolescence.
Compensation.
An infusion of pubertal hormones

27. Not a protective factor
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.
Personal and social conventional
Have a difficult time understanding that what they see on television isn't really real.
Financial recession.

28. The extent to which friends are similar to one another is referred to as...
Realistic mathematics education.
Organize a stamp collection in terms of country of origin - date - size - etc.
Homophily.
More rigid

29. Which of the following has the strongest effect on the quality of sibling relationships?
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.
Emotional climate of family
When parents are not getting along
Less intimate because they are less trusting of their friends.

30. In early childhood - a child's appetite usually...
puberty
Puberty.
decreases as a result of a slower pace of physical development.
Higher levels of intelligence

31. In which stage of forming a sexual minority development would an individual who has had homosexual experiences and recognizes that they prefer sexual relations with members of their own sex but do not openly acknowledge their preference be?
Identity assumption
Pubertal hormones and lack of maturation in the frontal lobes of the brain.
Identity formation
Use an elaborative style when talking to their children about the event to be remembered.

32. Not a risk factor for child abuse?
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.
Enabling interactions
. children older than seven years of age
Compensation.

33. The memory strategy that involves making connections between two or more things to be remembered is called...
Elaboration.
. saturated self.
Postconventional level
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy

34. Five-year-old Jacob is playing with his grandmother's buttons. He counts eight wooden buttons and three plastic buttons. When his grandmother asks Jacob if he has more wooden buttons or more buttons - he will most likely indicate that there are...
Exosystem.
A. more wooden buttons.
Biological maturation.
clique

35. Aggression results from urges that build up over time until they are released in an explosion of violence.
decreases as a result of a slower pace of physical development.
Biological maturation.
transductive reasoning
Not supported by research

36. Cross-cultural research on memory has demonstrated that...
Inability to categorize objects
Exosystem.
Disciplinarian
Specific strategies for remembering are not universal.

37. Apprentices receive ______________ to learn their craft.
Homophily.
Formal operations.
Opportunities to observe and practice specific tasks
Synaptogenesis followed by synaptic pruning

38. Research on the use of interactive media suggests that boys who play computer games often spend _________ time with their friends outside of school than boys who spend little to no time playing on the computer.
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.
Emphasize obedience.
Children who speak Chinese learn math more quickly than children who speak English.
more

39. According to Piaget - _____________ is an important source of cognitive conflict.
Social interaction
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.
Personal and social conventional
Higher levels of intelligence

40. According to Piaget -...
Authoritarian
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.
School problems usually have several acceptable solutions that can be reached many ways.
People only reach formal operations with extensive schooling.

41. Kohlberg's process of sex-role development mostly closely follows...

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42. Young minority children who are economically disadvantaged benefit from...
Violence
throw a ball overhand.
Having extended family involved in their lives.
Foreclosure.

43. ccording to Kohlberg's cognitive explanation of sex-role identity formation - children go through three stages...
Realistic mathematics education.
Self-regulatory capacity.
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy
Spermarche.

44. Refers to the object-self and includes all of the things that people know about themselves - such as their social relationships and their traits
direct instruction - Play
Culture-sensitive instruction.
Me-self
Self-regulatory capacity.

45. In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of development - mass media is part of the...
Skipping.
Decoding.
In formal schooling oral instruction is the most common type of instruction while apprenticeship instruction is done through watching and imitating the master's work.
Exosystem.

46. Children whose cultural backgrounds emphasize __________ may tend to fare poorly in most U.S. classroom settings.
Interdependence
Socially incompetent - withdrawn and lacked intellectual curiosity.
. Decoding
Agility.

47. Chanting the names of the items that one needs to buy at the store is an example of...
Sympathy involves feeling 'other-oriented concern' while empathy involves feeling the same emotion as the other person.
Rehearsal.
Agility.
Cultural socialization

48. Not thought to be a factor involved in the differences between girls' and boys' emotional reactions to puberty?
Females enter puberty earlier than do males.
The Oedipus complex.
Social interaction
Synaptogenesis followed by synaptic pruning

49. Preschool children's inability to take another person's spatial perspective is an example of which of the following?
Egocentrism
Opportunities to observe and practice specific tasks
. psychodynamic view
Initiation-reply-feedback sequence

50. Vygotsky believed that which of the following plays a key role in self-regulation and can allow children to create their own zones of proximal development?
Computer.
transductive reasoning
direct instruction - Play
Instrumental aggression.

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Human Development - HDFC

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