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Human Development - HDFC

Subject : teaching

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. The combination-of-liquid problem is a test of...
Experience sampling method.
Socially incompetent - withdrawn and lacked intellectual curiosity.
An entity model of intelligence.
Formal operations

2. __________ can be characterized as a form of activity that is intermediate between the implicit socialization of everyday family life and the explicit teaching of formal education.
When parents are not getting along
Apprenticeship
African American children define themselves in terms of the majority group.
Socialization.

3. On average - boys are not better than girls at...
Agility.
direct instruction - Play
Increases
It is important for families to create opportunities for children to engage in activities that are relevant to school readiness.

4. Knowledge - skills - and attitudes that are precursors to learning to read - write and do math are known as...
The amount of time spent with children is less important than how that time is spent.
The survival goal.
Independent.
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.

5. Which of the following categories of racial socialization messages appears to be associated with stronger cognitive abilities and fewer behavior problems among African-American children?
A phone number provided a single time by directory assistance (i.e. - 411)
Instruct children in traditions of the native culture.
Cultural socialization
Postconventional level

6. Not a way schooling differs from traditional apprenticeship training?

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7. Kohlberg's process of sex-role development mostly closely follows...

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8. During puberty - girls and boys may experience negative psychological consequences Which may be linked to...
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.
When speed and accuracy mattered - children didn't plan out their route through the maze ahead of time.
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.
Parenting styles and the values parents seek to instill in children vary across cultures.

9. Chanting the names of the items that one needs to buy at the store is an example of...
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.
Sympathy involves feeling 'other-oriented concern' while empathy involves feeling the same emotion as the other person.
Social intelligence.
Rehearsal.

10. According to research - what seems to be associated with the emotional intensity and sensation-seeking behavior experienced by many adolescents?
Thought processes.
Decision making
More
An infusion of pubertal hormones

11. When three-year-old children are told a story about a little boy who puts candy in a drawer - leaves the room - and doesn't see when his mother then moves the candy into the kitchen - they predict the boy will look for the candy in the...
Kitchen.
Computer.
Moratorium
Most children are not getting enough sleep in a 24-hour period.

12. Not an assumption of the modularity theory?
Elaboration.
Less intimate because they are less trusting of their friends.
Cultural socialization
Development occurs in a series of qualitative stage-like changes.

13. According to research on adolescent behavior - risk taking may be the consequence of...
Reasoning about spatial perspectives
Gay and lesbian parents
Pubertal hormones and lack of maturation in the frontal lobes of the brain.
Specific strategies for remembering are not universal.

14. When are siblings more likely to fight with one another?
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.
When parents are not getting along
Internalizing problems.
Skipping.

15. Information-processing models of cognitive development often make the analogy between cognitive development and a(n)...
Compensation.
Computer.
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.
Privileged domains.

16. One of the key aspects of Piaget's formal operations involves...
Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
Self-regulatory capacity.
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.

17. Cross-cultural studies of concrete operations demonstrate that...

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18. Adolescent boys and girls - whose friends engage in high levels of disruptive behavior at the beginning of a school year - are more likely to experience ___________ in the level of their own disruptive behavior later in the school year.
Increases
Effortful control.
Specific strategies for remembering are not universal.
Social and emotional development.

19. One of the most important predictors of the well-being of children in single-parent families is...
Social intelligence.
Socioeconomic status.
Instruct children in traditions of the native culture.
Metamemory.

20. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development - children between the ages of 2 and 6...
controlling conflict within a social group.
Specific strategies for remembering are not universal.
Use mental operations in their everyday thinking
An individual's ability to relate relationships to each other

21. The capacity to share in someone else's emotional experience and feel what that person is feeling is referred to as...
Girls report feelings of coercion.
Financial recession.
Empathy
A cultural ideal of muscularity for boys and thinness for girls.

22. Preschool children's inability to take another person's spatial perspective is an example of which of the following?
At risk for obesity.
Kitchen.
Egocentrism
Females enter puberty earlier than do males.

23. Children in middle childhood experience a significant increase in size and strength - but the increases occur more ______ than in infancy and early childhood.
slowly
controlling conflict within a social group.
Use an elaborative style when talking to their children about the event to be remembered.
Spermarche.

24. Girls begin ________ earlier than boys do.
Auxiliary hair appears
Decoding.
puberty
Differential reinforcement

25. Developmentalists refer to the ages 18 to 25 as...
People only reach formal operations with extensive schooling.
Social conventional; personal
Moratorium
Emerging adulthood.

26. Which STI is the most commonly reported in the U.S.?
Exosystem.
An individual's ability to relate relationships to each other
Chlamydia
Transductivity.

27. Which of the following is considered a control process by information-processing theory?
Slower
Dyslexia.
Decision making
. saturated self.

28. Children who watch a lot of programs with violence tend to engage in more aggressive behavior.
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.
Egocentrism
Socially incompetent - withdrawn and lacked intellectual curiosity.
stereotypes

29. Alfred Binet is known for creating...
Reasoning about spatial perspectives
A test for diagnosing mental subnormality.
Decoding.
When speed and accuracy mattered - children didn't plan out their route through the maze ahead of time.

30. Disturbances in emotion or mood such as guilt - depression and anxiety are known as...
Interdependence
controlling conflict within a social group.
Sociodramatic play.
Internalizing problems.

31. Children whose cultural backgrounds emphasize __________ may tend to fare poorly in most U.S. classroom settings.
More
Social conventional; personal
Interdependence
Homophily.

32. In the reciprocal-teaching approach...
Theory theory
Initiation-reply-feedback sequences.
Tell themselves - 'I can't do that.'
A teacher and a small group of students read a segment of text silently and then take turns leading a discussion of its meaning.

33. Studies comparing schooled and nonschooled students have demonstrated that...
The ovaries and the testes.
School problems usually have several acceptable solutions that can be reached many ways.
Internalizing problems.
Concrete operational thinking increases with age and is relatively unaffected by schooling.

34. Carol Lee's research on African American adolescents shows the importance of...
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
Sociodramatic play
Instruct children in traditions of the native culture.
Culture-sensitive instruction.

35. Findings from the research of Kenneth and Mamie Clark has led psychologists to conclude that...
Decoding.
African American children define themselves in terms of the majority group.
Motor drive
Mental actions that are coordinated in logical systems.

36. Gardner proposed a theory of intelligence that included...
Multiple intelligences.
Most children are not getting enough sleep in a 24-hour period.
Genetic and environmental factors.
Use mental operations in their everyday thinking

37. Hitting another child to get a toy is an example of...
Instrumental aggression.
Empathy
Uterus growth.
Skipping.

38. Freud is associated with which of the following approaches to sex-role identity formation
Script.
Identification through differentiation
Decision making
Children who speak Chinese learn math more quickly than children who speak English.

39. In their study of planning - Gardner and Rogoff found that

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40. A child's ability to recognize that two rows of pennies each with the same number of pennies have the same number of pennies when one row of pennies is longer than the other is called...
Conservation.
Social conventional; personal
support emotion and security needs.
throw a ball overhand.

41. Not one of the three major parenting patterns identified by Baumrind?
Cultural differences may influence children's performance on the tasks commonly used to assess concrete operational abilities.
Theory of mind.
Disciplinarian
Flynn effect.

42. Two major sources for the formation of extended families are...
Slower speed of naming objects to be remembered.
A phone number provided a single time by directory assistance (i.e. - 411)
Cultural traditions and economic hardship.
Self-regulatory capacity.

43. A male's first ejaculation is called...
School problems usually have several acceptable solutions that can be reached many ways.
Spermarche.
Me-self
Decreases; remains the same

44. Studies of poor families suggest that such factors as stress - the dangerous circumstances of daily life in poor areas - and the nature of parents' jobs tend to cause poor parents to...
An entity model of intelligence.
Not supported by research
Identity assumption
Emphasize obedience.

45. In many western cultures - male stereotypes are __________ than female stereotypes
More rigid
Socialization.
Chlamydia
Less intimate because they are less trusting of their friends.

46. The most common STI in the U.S. is...
Opportunities to observe and practice specific tasks
Higher levels of intelligence
The human papillomavirus.
Correlations between television violence and aggressive behavior.

47. Various studies of the influence of television violence on children's behavior have found...
Personal distress
A test for diagnosing mental subnormality.
Decrease in efficiency
Correlations between television violence and aggressive behavior.

48. Which view of moral development suggests that children acquire a sense of What is right and wrong from internalizing the moral standards of their parents?
Compensation.
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy
. psychodynamic view
More rigid

49. NOT thought to influence the age at Which menarche occurs?
B. are more likely to be overweight as adolescents.
Self-regulatory capacity.
Masturbation
Instruct children in traditions of the native culture.

50. Which of the following has the strongest effect on the quality of sibling relationships?
Chlamydia
Parenting styles and the values parents seek to instill in children vary across cultures.
Emphasize obedience.
Emotional climate of family

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Human Development - HDFC

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