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Human Development - HDFC

Subject : teaching

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Five-year-old Jacob is playing with his grandmother's buttons. He counts eight wooden buttons and three plastic buttons. When his grandmother asks Jacob if he has more wooden buttons or more buttons - he will most likely indicate that there are...
The Oedipus complex.
A. more wooden buttons.
More
Theory theory

2. Best characterizes girls' friendships in adolescence?

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3. The most common STI in the U.S. is...
The amount of time spent with children is less important than how that time is spent.
Decreases; remains the same
The human papillomavirus.
Helps children to develop certain context-specific memorization and information-processing strategies.

4. A problem in distressed communities that includes physical deterioration and chaotic activity is called...
Exosystem.
Formal operations
Personal and social conventional
Neighborhood physical disorder.

5. The no-nonsense parenting style practiced among African Americans is similar to Baumrind's pattern of _____________ parenting.
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
Increases; decreases
Authoritarian

6. Throughout adolescence - boys do not tend to have more ___________ than girls.
The brain is fully mature - but the connections between neurons are still being made in early childhood.
Privileged domains.
positive emotions
Interdependence

7. The ability to think about other people's mental states is referred to as...
Theory of mind.
More rigid
Masturbation
Neighborhood physical disorder.

8. By helping children to recall and interpret events in which they have participated - adults help children acquire an enduring sense of themselves by creating a sort of personal narrative - referred to as the child's...
Sympathy involves feeling 'other-oriented concern' while empathy involves feeling the same emotion as the other person.
Autobiographical memory.
Egocentrism
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.

9. A child who thinks that people cannot get any smarter than they already are holds...
controlling conflict within a social group.
Reasoning about spatial perspectives
Emphasize obedience.
An entity model of intelligence.

10. Results from a longitudinal study done in the U.S. revealed that children identified as overweight between the ages of 2 and 4...
Most children are not getting enough sleep in a 24-hour period.
controlling conflict within a social group.
B. are more likely to be overweight as adolescents.
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning.

11. A child's representation of going to the supermarket is an example of a...
Both bottom-down and top-down processing.
Compensation.
Apprenticeship
Script.

12. Girls begin ________ earlier than boys do.
Increases; decreases
Reciprocal teaching.
puberty
Me-self

13. A teacher and a small group of students read silently through segments of text and take turns leading discussion of their meaning. This is an example of...
Sensory register
Reciprocal teaching.
Formal operations.
Agility.

14. Which of the instructional discourse styles uses the 'known-answer question?'
Identification through differentiation
Development occurs in a series of qualitative stage-like changes.
Organize a stamp collection in terms of country of origin - date - size - etc.
Initiation-reply-feedback sequence

15. NOT characteristic of school problems?
Initiation-reply-feedback sequence
School problems usually have several acceptable solutions that can be reached many ways.
Formal operations.
Need about 8 hours.

16. Vygotsky believed that which of the following plays a key role in self-regulation and can allow children to create their own zones of proximal development?
People only reach formal operations with extensive schooling.
Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
direct instruction - Play
Autobiographical memory.

17. If a 5-year-old watches a little girl put a piece of candy into a drawer in the kitchen and then watches the girl's mother move the piece of candy to the refrigerator without the little girl knowing - where will the 5-year-old say the little girl wil
Internalizing problems.
The drawer in the in kitchen
Cultural differences may influence children's performance on the tasks commonly used to assess concrete operational abilities.
Thought processes.

18. Parents who insist that their adolescent dress in a socially appropriate way is operating from the boundaries of ____________; while an adolescent who insists that dress is a matter of personal choice are operating from the boundaries of ____________
Personal distress
When parents are not getting along
Social conventional; personal
Assess the effects of schooling on children's cognitive processes.

19. Young minority children who are economically disadvantaged benefit from...
Cultural traditions and economic hardship.
Having extended family involved in their lives.
Initiation-reply-feedback sequence
Adolescence is a time of happiness and growth.

20. Which of the following pairs best describes the cognitive development of children between the ages of 2 and 5?
Uneven and variable
Sensory register
clique
Skipping.

21. When talking about their sexual debut -...
Thought processes.
Violence
Girls report feelings of coercion.
Internalizing problems.

22. Apprentices receive ______________ to learn their craft.
Social conventional; personal
The amount of time spent with children is less important than how that time is spent.
Skipping.
Opportunities to observe and practice specific tasks

23. NOT a major difference LeVine found when looking at children of mothers who do and did not have formal educational experience?
Increases; decreases
direct instruction - Play
Warm - autonomous - and explain the limits they set with their children
Children of mothers who went to elementary school demonstrated higher reading levels than those children of mothers who did not go to elementary school.

24. _____________ text is one of the most basic reading skills.
. Decoding
Social interaction
African American children define themselves in terms of the majority group.
Apprenticeship

25. A three-year-old who believes that a cat wearing a dog mask has actually become a dog is probably...
Social and emotional development.
Kitchen.
Most children are not getting enough sleep in a 24-hour period.
Confusing appearance and reality.

26. Information-processing models of cognitive development often make the analogy between cognitive development and a(n)...
Boys tend to report more positive feelings about their first intercourse than girls do.
Specific learning disabilities.
Computer.
Reasoning about spatial perspectives

27. A self completely full of multiple selves is said to be a...
Development occurs in a series of qualitative stage-like changes.
. saturated self.
Emergent literacy and emergent numeracy.
A. more wooden buttons.

28. Cross-cultural studies of concrete operations demonstrate that...

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29. The increasing memory performance characteristic of middle childhood does not depend on...
Slower speed of naming objects to be remembered.
The survival goal.
Culture-sensitive instruction.
Sensory register

30. In adolescence - cliques serve to...
Cultural socialization
. the social goal
support emotion and security needs.
Conservation.

31. Gardner and Rogoff used mazes to assess children's ability to...
Risky and potentially harmful.
Empathy
Plan ahead.
Emphasize obedience.

32. Dyslexia - dyscalculia - and dysgraphia are examples of...
Specific learning disabilities.
12 to 15 hours
Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Compensation.

33. In early childhood - a child's appetite usually...
decreases as a result of a slower pace of physical development.
Cultural differences may influence children's performance on the tasks commonly used to assess concrete operational abilities.
Prosocial behavior
Realistic mathematics education.

34. Carol Lee's research on African American adolescents shows the importance of...
Conservation.
Culture-sensitive instruction.
Identity assumption
The survival goal.

35. As a result of _______________ - young children's self-descriptions are usually well integrated into a personality structure.
Girls' friendships in adolescence are more intense and intimate.
transductive reasoning
Internalizing problems.
Culture-sensitive instruction.

36. Not one of the three major parenting patterns identified by Baumrind?
puberty
controlling conflict within a social group.
Helps children to develop certain context-specific memorization and information-processing strategies.
Disciplinarian

37. Studies of poor families suggest that such factors as stress - the dangerous circumstances of daily life in poor areas - and the nature of parents' jobs tend to cause poor parents to...
Egocentrism
Emphasize obedience.
Electrical activity in different areas of the brain.
Autobiographical memory.

38. NOT thought to influence the age at Which menarche occurs?
The ovaries and the testes.
Emerging adulthood.
clique
Masturbation

39. One critique of Kohlberg's moral stages of development is that...
Improvement in social status
The model does not include a morality of care.
Kitchen.
Have difficulty with controlling their impulses - accepting responsibility for their social actions - and acting independently

40. Tudge's research on children's everyday activities demonstrated that
Emerging adulthood.
It is important for families to create opportunities for children to engage in activities that are relevant to school readiness.
Development occurs in a series of qualitative stage-like changes.
Biological maturation.

41. Studies that compare 6-year-olds who have experienced formal schooling with 6-year-olds who have not yet experienced formal schooling use the...
direct instruction - Play
School-cutoff strategy.
Personality formation
Authoritarian

42. Adolescent ethnic identity formation is not strong when...
Basic sex-role identity - sex-role stability - and sex-role constancy
Parents encourage their teens to spend time with peers of the majority culture to learn to assimilate
Development occurs in a series of qualitative stage-like changes.
Decreases; remains the same

43. Adolescents most at-risk for depression and eating disorders?
Enabling interactions
Helps children to develop certain context-specific memorization and information-processing strategies.
Gina - an early-maturing female
Decoding.

44. In terms of sleep - adolescents...
Need about 8 hours.
Theory of mind.
Plan ahead.
Internalizing problems.

45. Piaget believed that the greatest limitation to young children's thinking was...
Transductivity.
Improvement in social status
Identification.
Piaget

46. Research on young children demonstrates that high levels of ______________ measured at the beginning of a year is associated with high levels of self-regulation when measured later in the same year.
Dyslexia.
Privileged domains.
. Decoding
Sociodramatic play

47. Not the result of the maturation of the frontal lobe?
Gina - an early-maturing female
Prosocial behavior
Higher levels of intelligence
The survival goal.

48. Gardner proposed a theory of intelligence that included...
Decrease in efficiency
People only reach formal operations with extensive schooling.
Social intelligence.
Multiple intelligences.

49. In the U.S. - teenage sex is considered by many to be...
A test for diagnosing mental subnormality.
Cultural differences may influence children's performance on the tasks commonly used to assess concrete operational abilities.
Risky and potentially harmful.
. children older than seven years of age

50. Which of the following statements does NOT describe the development of the brain during early childhood?
. Decoding
Instrumental aggression.
The brain is fully mature - but the connections between neurons are still being made in early childhood.
Mental operations.

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Human Development - HDFC

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