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Immunology

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1. What are the classic example of bacterial antigen variation and the unique mechanims
Hemochromocytosis
Salmonella - 2 flaggellar variants - Borrelia - relapsing fever - N. gono - pilus protein
S. aureus and S. pyogenes
IFN gamma

2. What is the role of CD4 cels
MHC II 4 x 2=8
Mixed connective tissue disease
Help B cells make antibody - secrete IFN gamma to activate macs
III

3. anti glutamate decarboxylase
Tetanus - Botulinum toxin - HBV or Rabies (To Be Healed Rapidly
Help B cells make antibody - secrete IFN gamma to activate macs
DM type 1
Scleroderma diffuse

4. HLA- A3
Howell - Jolly bodies - Target cells - thrombocytosis
III
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
Hemochromocytosis

5. What do superantigens do?
Fc
CD8 cells
Uncoordinated release of IFN gamm leading to IL-1 - IL 6 and TNF alpha from MACS - via crosslinking of TCR and MHC II
Major shift minor drift

6. Which kind of immunity is germline encoded?
2
Drug induced lupus
APCs - and DR - DP and DQ
Innate

7. What are the two signals required for B cells class switching?
IL-4 - 5 - 10
III
Il -4
Signal 1 = IL-4 -5 -6 signal 2 = CD40 receptor on b cell binds CD40L on Th cell

8. HLA- DR3
Hyper IgE syndrome (Job's)
RA
DM type 1
Hyperacute : occlusion - ischemia - necrosis

9. Can lipopolysaccharide from cell envelope of of gram neg bacteria induce immunologic memory?
All nucleated cells (no RBCs) A - B - C
No - peptides only can can be presented on MHC molecules
IL-2 and IFN gamma
DM type 1

10. Th cells don't produce IFN gamma - no PMN response

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11. Where do positive and negative selection occur in the thymus?
Scleroderma diffuse
Fc
Chronic mucocutaneaous candidiasis
Corticomedullary junction

12. Which MHC complex to CD4 cells bind
Signal 1 = IL-4 -5 -6 signal 2 = CD40 receptor on b cell binds CD40L on Th cell
MHC II 4 x 2=8
CD40 and CD40L
Scleroderma diffuse

13. Anti - IgG (RF)
IL-12
RA
SCID
Drug induced lupus

14. What is the main function of IgA
Chronic mucocutaneaous candidiasis
Prevents attachment of bacteria and viruses to mucous membranes
Signal 1 = IL-4 -5 -6 signal 2 = CD40 receptor on b cell binds CD40L on Th cell
RA - DM type 1

15. What are the two signals in cytotoxic T cells activation?
Signal 1 =peptide expressed on MHC I - signal 2 = Il -2
Macs - dendritic cell - B cell
C3b
IL-12

16. Cell surface receptors on T cells
CD3 - CD28 - helper t - CD4 - CD40L - cyto t CD8
C3b
RA - DM type 1
Other vasculitidies

17. What do you find in the medulla of the thymus?
IgG
MHC I
Mature t cells - epithelial reticular cells - Hassalls corpuscles
Fc and Fab

18. HLA- D2

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19. Which type of hypersens rxn is antibody mediated?
Signal 1 =peptide expressed on MHC I - signal 2 = Il -2
II
APCs - and DR - DP and DQ
IgG - IgM GM makes classic cars

20. c - ANCA
Perforin - granzyme - granulysin
IL-4 - 5 - 10
IgM
Wegeners granulomatosis

21. Which complement protein opsonizes bacteria?
Upper limb and breast
Ataxia telangectasia
Secondary
C3b

22. What does clean up on Aisle 8 stand for?
Secondary
III
No - peptides only can can be presented on MHC molecules
PMNs recruited by IL-8 to clear infxns

23. Anticentromere
Upper limb and breast
Scleroderma CREST
Chronic mucocutaneaous candidiasis
Ceilac disase

24. anti basement membrane
Macs - dendritic cell - B cell
IL-12 - IFN- beta. IFN- alpha
Goodpastures
Opsonization - neutralization and complement activation

25. What are the 4 T's of type IV hypersense
Major shift minor drift
T- lymphos - Transplant - TB skin test - Touching (contact dermatitis)
Fc
Hyperacute : occlusion - ischemia - necrosis

26. Which antibody (IgM or IgG) crosses the placenta?
Signal 1 = IL-4 -5 -6 signal 2 = CD40 receptor on b cell binds CD40L on Th cell
IgG
APCs - and DR - DP and DQ
IFN gamma

27. anti U1 RNP
IL-2 and IFN gamma
Mixed connective tissue disease
III
Graves' dz

28. Which cell mediates the type IV hypersens rxn?
Hyper IgE syndrome (Job's)
CD8 cells
IgE
Il -4

29. Which infections require administering passive immunity?
Scleroderma CREST
Upper limb and breast
Sjorgen's syndrome
Tetanus - Botulinum toxin - HBV or Rabies (To Be Healed Rapidly

30. Which B T cell interaction allows for immunologic memory and class switching?
Other vasculitidies
CD40 and CD40L
Neisseria bacteremia
Fab

31. How do NK cells kill?
Perforins and granzymes to induce apoptosis of virally infected or tumor cells
Fab
Neisseria bacteremia
No - peptides only can can be presented on MHC molecules

32. anti SS A/B or anti Ro/La

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33. What kind of bacteria do macrophages remove from the spleen?
Encapsulated - S SHiN (salmonella - S.pneumo - H. influ - N. menin
DiGeorge
IgG
Pemphigus vulgaris

34. Defect in DNA repair enzymes
T- lymphos - Transplant - TB skin test - Touching (contact dermatitis)
IgA
Help B cells make antibody - secrete IFN gamma to activate macs
Ataxia telangectasia

35. Transplant rejection: preformed host antibody mediated
Hyperacute : occlusion - ischemia - necrosis
IL-1 = fever - IL-2 = T cells - IL-3 = bone marrow - IL-4 = IgE - IL-5 = IgA
Perforin - granzyme - granulysin
IL-12

36. Which is the receptors for EBV?
IFN gamma
Scleroderma CREST
CD21
PMNs recruited by IL-8 to clear infxns

37. What is the clinical picture for serum sickness?
IgA
Neisseria bacteremia
Corticomedullary junction
Caused by drugs mostly - fever - urticaria - arthralgias - proteinuria - lymphadenopathy 5-10 days after exposure

38. Antimitochondrial
C5b -9
Primary biliary cirrohosis
IL-1 = fever - IL-2 = T cells - IL-3 = bone marrow - IL-4 = IgE - IL-5 = IgA
Interfereon alpha - beta gamma. Alpha/beta inhibit viral protein synthesis - gamma upregulate MHC I and II - all three activate NK cells

39. HLA- DR5
Paracortex
Trypanosomes - programmed rearrangement
Poly/dermato myositis
Pernicious anemia (to B12 def) - hashimotos thyroiditis

40. What are the three things you find post splenectomy
Stomach
Type III hypersens rxn after intradermal rxn with antigen - antibodies in the skin causing edema - necrosis and activation of complement
Howell - Jolly bodies - Target cells - thrombocytosis
Graves' dz

41. What interferes with viruses?
IL-10
IgA
Interfereon alpha - beta gamma. Alpha/beta inhibit viral protein synthesis - gamma upregulate MHC I and II - all three activate NK cells
No - peptides only can can be presented on MHC molecules

42. What happens in the follicle of the lymph node
Chediak Higashi
B cell localization and proliferation
Hashimotos
SLE - nonspecific

43. T cell dysfunction
Chronic mucocutaneaous candidiasis
Perforin - granzyme - granulysin
MHC II 4 x 2=8
Chronic granulomatous disease

44. antismooth muscle
Autoimmune hepatitis
Regulates the humoral response
SLE
IgG - IgM GM makes classic cars

45. Which is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the blood?
IgG
Perforin - granzyme - granulysin
IgE
IL-4 - 5 - 10

46. antimicrosomal - antithyroglobulin
Hashimotos
Complement mediated lysis of RBCs and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
All nucleated cells (no RBCs) A - B - C
RA

47. Which type of hypersens rxn is serum sickness?
Hyperacute : occlusion - ischemia - necrosis
III
Help B cells make antibody - secrete IFN gamma to activate macs
II

48. What kind of hypersens rxn in anaphylaxis
Innate
SLE - nonspecific
I
No - peptides only can can be presented on MHC molecules

49. antidesmoglein
Type III hypersens rxn after intradermal rxn with antigen - antibodies in the skin causing edema - necrosis and activation of complement
Pemphigus vulgaris
MHC II 4 x 2=8
Hemochromocytosis

50. Defect in B cell maturation
IL-12
Chronic: fibrosis of graft tissue and blood vessels
Mesenchyme
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

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