Infant Nutrition

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is lactation?
The AAP recommends: 6 months exclusive breastfeeding - After 6 months - parents can introduced solids and complement them with breastmilk until 1 year. - After 1 year - mothers can breastfeed more as mutually desired.
Same foods as adults - May continue breastfeeding - Formula then whole milk (up to 16-24 oz) - Variety - Food jag
A form of breast milk developed after colostrum - within the first two weeks postpartum. It is more watered down - with an increased concentration in fat and CHO and decreased protein content. Its calories depend on the time in which the infant was d
The synthesis of milk components and its movement through milk ducts and out through the nipple.


2. How are lactation and a child's food preference related?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


3. What are signs of fullness?
What the mom eats - albeit subtle - affects the child's future preference for food
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.
Slow pace of eating - Plays with food or surrounding items - Refuses to open mouth - Turns head as food approaches - Tries to leave eating location
It is a cow milk-based formula.


4. What is the indication for protein hydrolysate formulas?
A mother's antibodies and normal flora can be transferred to a child via breast milk.
If the infant has digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
Canned foods & Honey - C. botulinum - foods that can cause choking ie. Carrot or hot dog 'rings -' whole - unpeeled grapes - hard candies - marshmallows
It is a cow milk-based formula.


5. What carbohydrates are in breast milk?
Mothers can choose from: standard-term formulas - specialized term formulas - and preterm formulas.
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.
Preterm formulas contain 22-24 kcal/oz while term formulas contain 20kcal/oz.
Lactose is the most abundant as it is easily digested - but breaks down slowly. It also facilitates calcium absorption.


6. What is a food jag?
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
Breast milk contains a high whey: casein ratio - The ratio in human milk changes during the first year as the baby grows. The balance of the 18 essential amino acids in the milk are uniquely suited to foster human growth and brain development.
When a child will eat nothing but one item.


7. What are some foods that should not be introduced to infants?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


8. What is prolactin?
A hormone that stimulates the mammary gland - responsible for milk production and starts during pregnancy.
Weight doubles by 6 months - Triples by 1 year - 2nd year - add about 5 pounds - BMR is very high - Need - 100 kcalories/kg
A form of breast milk developed after colostrum - within the first two weeks postpartum. It is more watered down - with an increased concentration in fat and CHO and decreased protein content. Its calories depend on the time in which the infant was d
Lactose is the most abundant as it is easily digested - but breaks down slowly. It also facilitates calcium absorption.


9. How should foods be introduced to infants?
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Iron-fortified infant cereal - Strained meats - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentall
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.
Examples are Soy-based - Protein hydrolysate - Amino acid-based - Allergies/ sensitive digestion formularies.
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.


10. How many calories per ounce can a full-term infant receive from transitional milk?
Immunity - More acceptance of foods - Omega-3 fats for brain and vision - Reduced risk for later obesity & DMT2 - Easier digestion/ healthier gut - Less asthma and allergies
Weight doubles by 6 months - Triples by 1 year - 2nd year - add about 5 pounds - BMR is very high - Need - 100 kcalories/kg
If the infant has severe allergies and digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
20 calories/oz


11. How many calories does human milk contain?
What the mom eats - albeit subtle - affects the child's future preference for food
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.
A hormone that stimulates the mammary gland - responsible for milk production and starts during pregnancy.
Offer ad libitum - paying attention to infant signs of hunger and fullness. Most important indicator is adequate growth: Regain birth weight by 10 days - Track on growth chart without crossing major centile lines. 6-8 wet diapers a day is normal. Co


12. What are some infant feeding recommendations?
It is injected within the first hours of life as prophylaxis against hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
Examples are Soy-based - Protein hydrolysate - Amino acid-based - Allergies/ sensitive digestion formularies.
A mother's antibodies and normal flora can be transferred to a child via breast milk.
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentally ready - 4-6 months - Head up - control tongue


13. How should food allergies be addressed?
It is injected within the first hours of life as prophylaxis against hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year
After 1 year - can include same foods as adults - Cut into appropriate sizes
Same foods as adults - May continue breastfeeding - Formula then whole milk (up to 16-24 oz) - Variety - Food jag


14. How much vitamin D is needed for infants?
The AAP recommends: 6 months exclusive breastfeeding - After 6 months - parents can introduced solids and complement them with breastmilk until 1 year. - After 1 year - mothers can breastfeed more as mutually desired.
IF PREMATURE: use adjusted age (e.g. - if 2 months premature - add 2 months to the above guidelines)
Decreased :Postpartum blood loss - Postpartum depression - Risk of ovarian and breast cancers - Cost - Increased: Uterine contractions after birth - 'Mothering' hormones oxytocin and prolactin - Child spacing
If an infant is wearing a diaper and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 30 mins per week. If he or she is clothed and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 2 hours per week. Another method is through supplementation.


15. What are some benefits of breastfeeding to mothers?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


16. When can infants eat the same food as adults?
Breast milk contains a high whey: casein ratio - The ratio in human milk changes during the first year as the baby grows. The balance of the 18 essential amino acids in the milk are uniquely suited to foster human growth and brain development.
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
24 calories/oz
After 1 year - can include same foods as adults - Cut into appropriate sizes


17. How does breastfeeding prevent ovarian and breast cancers?
Lactose is the most abundant as it is easily digested - but breaks down slowly. It also facilitates calcium absorption.
Examples are Soy-based - Protein hydrolysate - Amino acid-based - Allergies/ sensitive digestion formularies.
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.
If the infant has severe allergies and digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.


18. How does lactation correlated to a decreased risk for obesity and DMT2?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


19. How does breast milk adapt to an infant's nutritional needs?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


20. How does a child gain immunity via breastfeeding?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


21. What is oxytocin?
If the infant has digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
Decreased :Postpartum blood loss - Postpartum depression - Risk of ovarian and breast cancers - Cost - Increased: Uterine contractions after birth - 'Mothering' hormones oxytocin and prolactin - Child spacing
A hormone responsible for the let down reflex and starts right at birth and continues while breastfeeding.
Preterm formulas contain 22-24 kcal/oz while term formulas contain 20kcal/oz.


22. What are examples of specialized-term formulas?
Mothers need an additional 500 kcal/day for 6 months. The extra caloric intake and the maternal fat storage helps meet the demand. They should also drink an extra 1L/day.
A form of breast milk that forms 2 weeks after birth - after the development of transitional milk. It changes its composition over time to adapt to the infant's nutritional needs. To receive adequate nutrition from this breast milk - the infant must
20 calories/oz
Examples are Soy-based - Protein hydrolysate - Amino acid-based - Allergies/ sensitive digestion formularies.


23. What are signs of hunger?
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
Infants require : 54% fat (from dietary fat) - 40% CHO - 6% protein - Adults require: 45-65% CHO - 20-35% fat - 10-35% protein
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.
A hormone responsible for the let down reflex and starts right at birth and continues while breastfeeding.


24. What is the indication for soy-based formulas?
After 1 year - can include same foods as adults - Cut into appropriate sizes
Iron supplementation is not needed until 6 months unless the child was preterm.
If the infant has a cow-based allergen - he or she will receive this type of formula.
Preterm formulas contain 22-24 kcal/oz while term formulas contain 20kcal/oz.


25. What is myconium?
Iron supplementation is not needed until 6 months unless the child was preterm.
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Iron-fortified infant cereal - Strained meats - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentall
This is feces the infant carried inutero to birth - which is high in bilirubin and can lead to jaundice.
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.


26. What interventions should be done for preterm infants?
If the infant has a cow-based allergen - he or she will receive this type of formula.
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year
IF PREMATURE: use adjusted age (e.g. - if 2 months premature - add 2 months to the above guidelines)
A form of breast milk that forms 2 weeks after birth - after the development of transitional milk. It changes its composition over time to adapt to the infant's nutritional needs. To receive adequate nutrition from this breast milk - the infant must


27. How is the composition of formula different from breast milk?
After 1 year - can include same foods as adults - Cut into appropriate sizes
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.
Formulas are nutritionally similar to breast milk - but do not provide immune protection and are higher in caesin.
What the mom eats - albeit subtle - affects the child's future preference for food


28. What proteins are in breastmilk?
Preterm formulas contain 22-24 kcal/oz while term formulas contain 20kcal/oz.
Breast milk contains a high whey: casein ratio - The ratio in human milk changes during the first year as the baby grows. The balance of the 18 essential amino acids in the milk are uniquely suited to foster human growth and brain development.
This is feces the infant carried inutero to birth - which is high in bilirubin and can lead to jaundice.
Formula milk contains a higher casein to whey amount - making it longer to digest the proteins.


29. How are preterm formulas different from standard formulas
Preterm formulas contain 22-24 kcal/oz while term formulas contain 20kcal/oz.
Infants require : 54% fat (from dietary fat) - 40% CHO - 6% protein - Adults require: 45-65% CHO - 20-35% fat - 10-35% protein
An involuntary action in which the milk free flows from the breast to the infant.
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year


30. What is colostrum?
When a child will eat nothing but one item.
Formula milk contains a higher casein to whey amount - making it longer to digest the proteins.
If the infant has digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
A form of breast milk produced in the first 3-4 days after birth. It is a concentrated source of protein - fat-soluble vitamins - and immune factors - as the infant has a sterile gut. It is also easy to digest and stimulates bowel movement more frequ


31. How are the nutritional needs of infants different from adults?
A hormone responsible for the let down reflex and starts right at birth and continues while breastfeeding.
If the infant has a cow-based allergen - he or she will receive this type of formula.
After 1 year - can include same foods as adults - Cut into appropriate sizes
Infants require : 54% fat (from dietary fat) - 40% CHO - 6% protein - Adults require: 45-65% CHO - 20-35% fat - 10-35% protein


32. What types of formulas are available?
If the infant has a cow-based allergen - he or she will receive this type of formula.
Same foods as adults - May continue breastfeeding - Formula then whole milk (up to 16-24 oz) - Variety - Food jag
If an infant is wearing a diaper and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 30 mins per week. If he or she is clothed and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 2 hours per week. Another method is through supplementation.
Mothers can choose from: standard-term formulas - specialized term formulas - and preterm formulas.


33. What is mature milk?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


34. How do mothers meet the caloric demands of breast feeding?
Mothers need an additional 500 kcal/day for 6 months. The extra caloric intake and the maternal fat storage helps meet the demand. They should also drink an extra 1L/day.
Breast milk contains molecules that are easier for the gut to break down - resulting in a faster digestion rate than with formula.
It is injected within the first hours of life as prophylaxis against hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
After 1 year - can include same foods as adults - Cut into appropriate sizes


35. What is the indication for amino acid based formulas?
An involuntary action in which the milk free flows from the breast to the infant.
Mothers need an additional 500 kcal/day for 6 months. The extra caloric intake and the maternal fat storage helps meet the demand. They should also drink an extra 1L/day.
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.
If the infant has severe allergies and digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.


36. What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend for breastfeeding?
It contains omega-3 and cholesterol needed for brain and eye development as well as for cell membrane development. Early exposure to cholesterol gives infants a better ability to metabolize cholesterol later in life.
Iron supplementation is not needed until 6 months unless the child was preterm.
The AAP recommends: 6 months exclusive breastfeeding - After 6 months - parents can introduced solids and complement them with breastmilk until 1 year. - After 1 year - mothers can breastfeed more as mutually desired.
It is injected within the first hours of life as prophylaxis against hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.


37. What fats are in breast milk?
It contains omega-3 and cholesterol needed for brain and eye development as well as for cell membrane development. Early exposure to cholesterol gives infants a better ability to metabolize cholesterol later in life.
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.
It is based on the idease of supply and demand. Mature milk increases water content and decreases protein content. Milk composition changes during each feeding and on each breast. Composition changes to meet the baby's changing needs - even beyond th
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.


38. What is rooting?
When an infant turns his head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth - searching for the object by moving his head in steadily decreasing arcs until the object is found.
This is feces the infant carried inutero to birth - which is high in bilirubin and can lead to jaundice.
The synthesis of milk components and its movement through milk ducts and out through the nipple.
24 calories/oz


39. What are some pointers for feeding 1-2 year olds?
A form of breast milk produced in the first 3-4 days after birth. It is a concentrated source of protein - fat-soluble vitamins - and immune factors - as the infant has a sterile gut. It is also easy to digest and stimulates bowel movement more frequ
Same foods as adults - May continue breastfeeding - Formula then whole milk (up to 16-24 oz) - Variety - Food jag
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Iron-fortified infant cereal - Strained meats - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentall
24 calories/oz


40. What are the stages of human milk?
A hormone that stimulates the mammary gland - responsible for milk production and starts during pregnancy.
Colostrum - Transitional milk - Mature milk
Decreased :Postpartum blood loss - Postpartum depression - Risk of ovarian and breast cancers - Cost - Increased: Uterine contractions after birth - 'Mothering' hormones oxytocin and prolactin - Child spacing
Mothers need an additional 500 kcal/day for 6 months. The extra caloric intake and the maternal fat storage helps meet the demand. They should also drink an extra 1L/day.


41. How many calories per ounce can a pre-term infant receive from transitional milk?
24 calories/oz
A hormone that stimulates the mammary gland - responsible for milk production and starts during pregnancy.
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.
Iron supplementation is not needed until 6 months unless the child was preterm.


42. What is quantitavely indicative of proper growth?
Canned foods & Honey - C. botulinum - foods that can cause choking ie. Carrot or hot dog 'rings -' whole - unpeeled grapes - hard candies - marshmallows
A hormone responsible for the let down reflex and starts right at birth and continues while breastfeeding.
Weight doubles by 6 months - Triples by 1 year - 2nd year - add about 5 pounds - BMR is very high - Need - 100 kcalories/kg
Decreased :Postpartum blood loss - Postpartum depression - Risk of ovarian and breast cancers - Cost - Increased: Uterine contractions after birth - 'Mothering' hormones oxytocin and prolactin - Child spacing


43. How much iron do infants need?
IF PREMATURE: use adjusted age (e.g. - if 2 months premature - add 2 months to the above guidelines)
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.
It is a cow milk-based formula.
Iron supplementation is not needed until 6 months unless the child was preterm.


44. What is the let-down reflex?
It is based on the idease of supply and demand. Mature milk increases water content and decreases protein content. Milk composition changes during each feeding and on each breast. Composition changes to meet the baby's changing needs - even beyond th
An involuntary action in which the milk free flows from the breast to the infant.
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.
What the mom eats - albeit subtle - affects the child's future preference for food


45. What should nurses teach mothers when they use formula milk?
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.
When an infant turns his head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth - searching for the object by moving his head in steadily decreasing arcs until the object is found.
The synthesis of milk components and its movement through milk ducts and out through the nipple.
Breastfeeding helps promote portion control - which can help with weight management. - The baby has more control as to When to stop eating through breastfeeding - than having the baby finish what's in the bottle and overeating.


46. Why is Vitamin K administered on infants?
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.
A form of breast milk produced in the first 3-4 days after birth. It is a concentrated source of protein - fat-soluble vitamins - and immune factors - as the infant has a sterile gut. It is also easy to digest and stimulates bowel movement more frequ
The AAP recommends: 6 months exclusive breastfeeding - After 6 months - parents can introduced solids and complement them with breastmilk until 1 year. - After 1 year - mothers can breastfeed more as mutually desired.
It is injected within the first hours of life as prophylaxis against hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.


47. What is transitional milk?
If an infant is wearing a diaper and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 30 mins per week. If he or she is clothed and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 2 hours per week. Another method is through supplementation.
A form of breast milk developed after colostrum - within the first two weeks postpartum. It is more watered down - with an increased concentration in fat and CHO and decreased protein content. Its calories depend on the time in which the infant was d
It contains omega-3 and cholesterol needed for brain and eye development as well as for cell membrane development. Early exposure to cholesterol gives infants a better ability to metabolize cholesterol later in life.
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year


48. What are some benefits of lactation for infants?
Infants are at risk of developing: respiratory & ear infections - diarrhea (bacterial or rotavirus) - urinary tract infections -allergies -obesity - and DMT2
Immunity - More acceptance of foods - Omega-3 fats for brain and vision - Reduced risk for later obesity & DMT2 - Easier digestion/ healthier gut - Less asthma and allergies
Mothers can choose from: standard-term formulas - specialized term formulas - and preterm formulas.
When an infant turns his head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth - searching for the object by moving his head in steadily decreasing arcs until the object is found.


49. What is a standard term formula?
It is a cow milk-based formula.
Mothers can choose from: standard-term formulas - specialized term formulas - and preterm formulas.
IF PREMATURE: use adjusted age (e.g. - if 2 months premature - add 2 months to the above guidelines)
An involuntary action in which the milk free flows from the breast to the infant.


50. How does lactation affect digestion?
If the infant has severe allergies and digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.
20 calories/oz
Breast milk contains molecules that are easier for the gut to break down - resulting in a faster digestion rate than with formula.