Infant Nutrition

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What should nurses educate mothers in when discussing the adequacy of intake?
Preterm formulas contain 22-24 kcal/oz while term formulas contain 20kcal/oz.
20 calories/oz
After 1 year - can include same foods as adults - Cut into appropriate sizes
Offer ad libitum - paying attention to infant signs of hunger and fullness. Most important indicator is adequate growth: Regain birth weight by 10 days - Track on growth chart without crossing major centile lines. 6-8 wet diapers a day is normal. Co


2. How many calories per ounce can a full-term infant receive from transitional milk?
If the infant has severe allergies and digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Iron-fortified infant cereal - Strained meats - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentall
Iron supplementation is not needed until 6 months unless the child was preterm.
20 calories/oz


3. When can infants eat the same food as adults?
A form of breast milk developed after colostrum - within the first two weeks postpartum. It is more watered down - with an increased concentration in fat and CHO and decreased protein content. Its calories depend on the time in which the infant was d
After 1 year - can include same foods as adults - Cut into appropriate sizes
Colostrum - Transitional milk - Mature milk
If an infant is wearing a diaper and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 30 mins per week. If he or she is clothed and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 2 hours per week. Another method is through supplementation.


4. What are some benefits of breastfeeding to mothers?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


5. What interventions should be done for preterm infants?
Offer ad libitum - paying attention to infant signs of hunger and fullness. Most important indicator is adequate growth: Regain birth weight by 10 days - Track on growth chart without crossing major centile lines. 6-8 wet diapers a day is normal. Co
IF PREMATURE: use adjusted age (e.g. - if 2 months premature - add 2 months to the above guidelines)
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
The synthesis of milk components and its movement through milk ducts and out through the nipple.


6. Why is Vitamin K administered on infants?
Breast milk contains molecules that are easier for the gut to break down - resulting in a faster digestion rate than with formula.
Formula milk contains a higher casein to whey amount - making it longer to digest the proteins.
Mothers can choose from: standard-term formulas - specialized term formulas - and preterm formulas.
It is injected within the first hours of life as prophylaxis against hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.


7. What is prolactin?
Formula milk contains a higher casein to whey amount - making it longer to digest the proteins.
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.
A hormone responsible for the let down reflex and starts right at birth and continues while breastfeeding.
A hormone that stimulates the mammary gland - responsible for milk production and starts during pregnancy.


8. What is the indication for protein hydrolysate formulas?
A hormone responsible for the let down reflex and starts right at birth and continues while breastfeeding.
Breast milk contains a high whey: casein ratio - The ratio in human milk changes during the first year as the baby grows. The balance of the 18 essential amino acids in the milk are uniquely suited to foster human growth and brain development.
If the infant has digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
An involuntary action in which the milk free flows from the breast to the infant.


9. What is the indication for amino acid based formulas?
If the infant has severe allergies and digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
Breastfeeding helps promote portion control - which can help with weight management. - The baby has more control as to When to stop eating through breastfeeding - than having the baby finish what's in the bottle and overeating.
Canned foods & Honey - C. botulinum - foods that can cause choking ie. Carrot or hot dog 'rings -' whole - unpeeled grapes - hard candies - marshmallows
24 calories/oz


10. What should nurses teach mothers when they use formula milk?
A form of breast milk developed after colostrum - within the first two weeks postpartum. It is more watered down - with an increased concentration in fat and CHO and decreased protein content. Its calories depend on the time in which the infant was d
When an infant turns his head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth - searching for the object by moving his head in steadily decreasing arcs until the object is found.
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Iron-fortified infant cereal - Strained meats - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentall


11. How many calories per ounce can a pre-term infant receive from transitional milk?
Weight doubles by 6 months - Triples by 1 year - 2nd year - add about 5 pounds - BMR is very high - Need - 100 kcalories/kg
Breast milk contains molecules that are easier for the gut to break down - resulting in a faster digestion rate than with formula.
Formulas are nutritionally similar to breast milk - but do not provide immune protection and are higher in caesin.
24 calories/oz


12. What carbohydrates are in breast milk?
It is based on the idease of supply and demand. Mature milk increases water content and decreases protein content. Milk composition changes during each feeding and on each breast. Composition changes to meet the baby's changing needs - even beyond th
Lactose is the most abundant as it is easily digested - but breaks down slowly. It also facilitates calcium absorption.
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.
What the mom eats - albeit subtle - affects the child's future preference for food


13. How does a child gain immunity via breastfeeding?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


14. What is a standard term formula?
If the infant has digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
24 calories/oz
Same foods as adults - May continue breastfeeding - Formula then whole milk (up to 16-24 oz) - Variety - Food jag
It is a cow milk-based formula.


15. How should food allergies be addressed?
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year
An involuntary action in which the milk free flows from the breast to the infant.
A form of breast milk that forms 2 weeks after birth - after the development of transitional milk. It changes its composition over time to adapt to the infant's nutritional needs. To receive adequate nutrition from this breast milk - the infant must
Immunity - More acceptance of foods - Omega-3 fats for brain and vision - Reduced risk for later obesity & DMT2 - Easier digestion/ healthier gut - Less asthma and allergies


16. What is quantitavely indicative of proper growth?
Weight doubles by 6 months - Triples by 1 year - 2nd year - add about 5 pounds - BMR is very high - Need - 100 kcalories/kg
A form of breast milk developed after colostrum - within the first two weeks postpartum. It is more watered down - with an increased concentration in fat and CHO and decreased protein content. Its calories depend on the time in which the infant was d
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.


17. How do mothers meet the caloric demands of breast feeding?
This is feces the infant carried inutero to birth - which is high in bilirubin and can lead to jaundice.
Mothers can choose from: standard-term formulas - specialized term formulas - and preterm formulas.
When an infant turns his head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth - searching for the object by moving his head in steadily decreasing arcs until the object is found.
Mothers need an additional 500 kcal/day for 6 months. The extra caloric intake and the maternal fat storage helps meet the demand. They should also drink an extra 1L/day.


18. How much iron do infants need?
It is based on the idease of supply and demand. Mature milk increases water content and decreases protein content. Milk composition changes during each feeding and on each breast. Composition changes to meet the baby's changing needs - even beyond th
Formulas are nutritionally similar to breast milk - but do not provide immune protection and are higher in caesin.
Iron supplementation is not needed until 6 months unless the child was preterm.
It is a cow milk-based formula.


19. What type of ratio does formula milk carry?
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentally ready - 4-6 months - Head up - control tongue
Breast milk contains molecules that are easier for the gut to break down - resulting in a faster digestion rate than with formula.
Canned foods & Honey - C. botulinum - foods that can cause choking ie. Carrot or hot dog 'rings -' whole - unpeeled grapes - hard candies - marshmallows
Formula milk contains a higher casein to whey amount - making it longer to digest the proteins.


20. What are some benefits of lactation for infants?
The synthesis of milk components and its movement through milk ducts and out through the nipple.
When an infant turns his head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth - searching for the object by moving his head in steadily decreasing arcs until the object is found.
If an infant is wearing a diaper and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 30 mins per week. If he or she is clothed and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 2 hours per week. Another method is through supplementation.
Immunity - More acceptance of foods - Omega-3 fats for brain and vision - Reduced risk for later obesity & DMT2 - Easier digestion/ healthier gut - Less asthma and allergies


21. What are some pointers for feeding 1-2 year olds?
An involuntary action in which the milk free flows from the breast to the infant.
Preterm formulas contain 22-24 kcal/oz while term formulas contain 20kcal/oz.
Same foods as adults - May continue breastfeeding - Formula then whole milk (up to 16-24 oz) - Variety - Food jag
Breastfeeding helps promote portion control - which can help with weight management. - The baby has more control as to When to stop eating through breastfeeding - than having the baby finish what's in the bottle and overeating.


22. What is lactation?
Immunity - More acceptance of foods - Omega-3 fats for brain and vision - Reduced risk for later obesity & DMT2 - Easier digestion/ healthier gut - Less asthma and allergies
The synthesis of milk components and its movement through milk ducts and out through the nipple.
Formula milk contains a higher casein to whey amount - making it longer to digest the proteins.
Breastfeeding helps promote portion control - which can help with weight management. - The baby has more control as to When to stop eating through breastfeeding - than having the baby finish what's in the bottle and overeating.


23. How are preterm formulas different from standard formulas
Immunity - More acceptance of foods - Omega-3 fats for brain and vision - Reduced risk for later obesity & DMT2 - Easier digestion/ healthier gut - Less asthma and allergies
It contains omega-3 and cholesterol needed for brain and eye development as well as for cell membrane development. Early exposure to cholesterol gives infants a better ability to metabolize cholesterol later in life.
Preterm formulas contain 22-24 kcal/oz while term formulas contain 20kcal/oz.
When a child will eat nothing but one item.


24. What is the let-down reflex?
Weight doubles by 6 months - Triples by 1 year - 2nd year - add about 5 pounds - BMR is very high - Need - 100 kcalories/kg
Mothers need an additional 500 kcal/day for 6 months. The extra caloric intake and the maternal fat storage helps meet the demand. They should also drink an extra 1L/day.
Breastfeeding helps promote portion control - which can help with weight management. - The baby has more control as to When to stop eating through breastfeeding - than having the baby finish what's in the bottle and overeating.
An involuntary action in which the milk free flows from the breast to the infant.


25. What are signs of fullness?
A mother's antibodies and normal flora can be transferred to a child via breast milk.
The AAP recommends: 6 months exclusive breastfeeding - After 6 months - parents can introduced solids and complement them with breastmilk until 1 year. - After 1 year - mothers can breastfeed more as mutually desired.
What the mom eats - albeit subtle - affects the child's future preference for food
Slow pace of eating - Plays with food or surrounding items - Refuses to open mouth - Turns head as food approaches - Tries to leave eating location


26. What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend for breastfeeding?
The AAP recommends: 6 months exclusive breastfeeding - After 6 months - parents can introduced solids and complement them with breastmilk until 1 year. - After 1 year - mothers can breastfeed more as mutually desired.
What the mom eats - albeit subtle - affects the child's future preference for food
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.
The synthesis of milk components and its movement through milk ducts and out through the nipple.


27. How are lactation and a child's food preference related?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


28. How many calories does human milk contain?
If the infant has digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
If an infant is wearing a diaper and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 30 mins per week. If he or she is clothed and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 2 hours per week. Another method is through supplementation.
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.
It contains omega-3 and cholesterol needed for brain and eye development as well as for cell membrane development. Early exposure to cholesterol gives infants a better ability to metabolize cholesterol later in life.


29. What is myconium?
After 1 year - can include same foods as adults - Cut into appropriate sizes
It contains omega-3 and cholesterol needed for brain and eye development as well as for cell membrane development. Early exposure to cholesterol gives infants a better ability to metabolize cholesterol later in life.
This is feces the infant carried inutero to birth - which is high in bilirubin and can lead to jaundice.
What the mom eats - albeit subtle - affects the child's future preference for food


30. How should foods be introduced to infants?
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentally ready - 4-6 months - Head up - control tongue
A hormone that stimulates the mammary gland - responsible for milk production and starts during pregnancy.
Formula milk contains a higher casein to whey amount - making it longer to digest the proteins.
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Iron-fortified infant cereal - Strained meats - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentall


31. How are the nutritional needs of infants different from adults?
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
Infants require : 54% fat (from dietary fat) - 40% CHO - 6% protein - Adults require: 45-65% CHO - 20-35% fat - 10-35% protein
A form of breast milk that forms 2 weeks after birth - after the development of transitional milk. It changes its composition over time to adapt to the infant's nutritional needs. To receive adequate nutrition from this breast milk - the infant must
Canned foods & Honey - C. botulinum - foods that can cause choking ie. Carrot or hot dog 'rings -' whole - unpeeled grapes - hard candies - marshmallows


32. What is transitional milk?
An involuntary action in which the milk free flows from the breast to the infant.
Same foods as adults - May continue breastfeeding - Formula then whole milk (up to 16-24 oz) - Variety - Food jag
A form of breast milk developed after colostrum - within the first two weeks postpartum. It is more watered down - with an increased concentration in fat and CHO and decreased protein content. Its calories depend on the time in which the infant was d
It contains omega-3 and cholesterol needed for brain and eye development as well as for cell membrane development. Early exposure to cholesterol gives infants a better ability to metabolize cholesterol later in life.


33. What are the stages of human milk?
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year
Colostrum - Transitional milk - Mature milk
Mothers can choose from: standard-term formulas - specialized term formulas - and preterm formulas.
A hormone responsible for the let down reflex and starts right at birth and continues while breastfeeding.


34. What fats are in breast milk?
It contains omega-3 and cholesterol needed for brain and eye development as well as for cell membrane development. Early exposure to cholesterol gives infants a better ability to metabolize cholesterol later in life.
Preterm formulas contain 22-24 kcal/oz while term formulas contain 20kcal/oz.
Offer ad libitum - paying attention to infant signs of hunger and fullness. Most important indicator is adequate growth: Regain birth weight by 10 days - Track on growth chart without crossing major centile lines. 6-8 wet diapers a day is normal. Co
When an infant turns his head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth - searching for the object by moving his head in steadily decreasing arcs until the object is found.


35. How does lactation affect digestion?
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year
Breast milk contains molecules that are easier for the gut to break down - resulting in a faster digestion rate than with formula.
Offer ad libitum - paying attention to infant signs of hunger and fullness. Most important indicator is adequate growth: Regain birth weight by 10 days - Track on growth chart without crossing major centile lines. 6-8 wet diapers a day is normal. Co
20 calories/oz


36. What is colostrum?
The synthesis of milk components and its movement through milk ducts and out through the nipple.
A form of breast milk produced in the first 3-4 days after birth. It is a concentrated source of protein - fat-soluble vitamins - and immune factors - as the infant has a sterile gut. It is also easy to digest and stimulates bowel movement more frequ
A hormone that stimulates the mammary gland - responsible for milk production and starts during pregnancy.
If the infant has digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.


37. What is mature milk?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


38. How does breast milk adapt to an infant's nutritional needs?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


39. What are examples of specialized-term formulas?
Breast milk contains a high whey: casein ratio - The ratio in human milk changes during the first year as the baby grows. The balance of the 18 essential amino acids in the milk are uniquely suited to foster human growth and brain development.
Decreased :Postpartum blood loss - Postpartum depression - Risk of ovarian and breast cancers - Cost - Increased: Uterine contractions after birth - 'Mothering' hormones oxytocin and prolactin - Child spacing
Slow pace of eating - Plays with food or surrounding items - Refuses to open mouth - Turns head as food approaches - Tries to leave eating location
Examples are Soy-based - Protein hydrolysate - Amino acid-based - Allergies/ sensitive digestion formularies.


40. How does breastfeeding prevent ovarian and breast cancers?
A form of breast milk developed after colostrum - within the first two weeks postpartum. It is more watered down - with an increased concentration in fat and CHO and decreased protein content. Its calories depend on the time in which the infant was d
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.
Examples are Soy-based - Protein hydrolysate - Amino acid-based - Allergies/ sensitive digestion formularies.
It contains omega-3 and cholesterol needed for brain and eye development as well as for cell membrane development. Early exposure to cholesterol gives infants a better ability to metabolize cholesterol later in life.


41. What types of formulas are available?
An involuntary action in which the milk free flows from the breast to the infant.
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.
Mothers can choose from: standard-term formulas - specialized term formulas - and preterm formulas.
Examples are Soy-based - Protein hydrolysate - Amino acid-based - Allergies/ sensitive digestion formularies.


42. What is a food jag?
When a child will eat nothing but one item.
What the mom eats - albeit subtle - affects the child's future preference for food
Preterm formulas contain 22-24 kcal/oz while term formulas contain 20kcal/oz.
After 1 year - can include same foods as adults - Cut into appropriate sizes


43. What is oxytocin?
It is based on the idease of supply and demand. Mature milk increases water content and decreases protein content. Milk composition changes during each feeding and on each breast. Composition changes to meet the baby's changing needs - even beyond th
Same foods as adults - May continue breastfeeding - Formula then whole milk (up to 16-24 oz) - Variety - Food jag
A hormone responsible for the let down reflex and starts right at birth and continues while breastfeeding.
Colostrum - Transitional milk - Mature milk


44. What is the indication for soy-based formulas?
If the infant has a cow-based allergen - he or she will receive this type of formula.
A form of breast milk produced in the first 3-4 days after birth. It is a concentrated source of protein - fat-soluble vitamins - and immune factors - as the infant has a sterile gut. It is also easy to digest and stimulates bowel movement more frequ
24 calories/oz
Canned foods & Honey - C. botulinum - foods that can cause choking ie. Carrot or hot dog 'rings -' whole - unpeeled grapes - hard candies - marshmallows


45. What proteins are in breastmilk?
Breast milk contains a high whey: casein ratio - The ratio in human milk changes during the first year as the baby grows. The balance of the 18 essential amino acids in the milk are uniquely suited to foster human growth and brain development.
If the infant has digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
It is based on the idease of supply and demand. Mature milk increases water content and decreases protein content. Milk composition changes during each feeding and on each breast. Composition changes to meet the baby's changing needs - even beyond th
24 calories/oz


46. What are signs of hunger?
A form of breast milk that forms 2 weeks after birth - after the development of transitional milk. It changes its composition over time to adapt to the infant's nutritional needs. To receive adequate nutrition from this breast milk - the infant must
Same foods as adults - May continue breastfeeding - Formula then whole milk (up to 16-24 oz) - Variety - Food jag
The AAP recommends: 6 months exclusive breastfeeding - After 6 months - parents can introduced solids and complement them with breastmilk until 1 year. - After 1 year - mothers can breastfeed more as mutually desired.
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue


47. How much vitamin D is needed for infants?
If the infant has digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
If an infant is wearing a diaper and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 30 mins per week. If he or she is clothed and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 2 hours per week. Another method is through supplementation.
It is a cow milk-based formula.
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentally ready - 4-6 months - Head up - control tongue


48. How does lactation correlated to a decreased risk for obesity and DMT2?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


49. What risks are associated with formula usage?
Iron supplementation is not needed until 6 months unless the child was preterm.
It contains omega-3 and cholesterol needed for brain and eye development as well as for cell membrane development. Early exposure to cholesterol gives infants a better ability to metabolize cholesterol later in life.
A hormone responsible for the let down reflex and starts right at birth and continues while breastfeeding.
Infants are at risk of developing: respiratory & ear infections - diarrhea (bacterial or rotavirus) - urinary tract infections -allergies -obesity - and DMT2


50. What is rooting?
Infants require : 54% fat (from dietary fat) - 40% CHO - 6% protein - Adults require: 45-65% CHO - 20-35% fat - 10-35% protein
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
When an infant turns his head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth - searching for the object by moving his head in steadily decreasing arcs until the object is found.
Iron supplementation is not needed until 6 months unless the child was preterm.