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Test your basic knowledge |
Infant Nutrition
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
pediatrics
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What fats are in breast milk?
Decreased :Postpartum blood loss - Postpartum depression - Risk of ovarian and breast cancers - Cost - Increased: Uterine contractions after birth - 'Mothering' hormones oxytocin and prolactin - Child spacing
Immunity - More acceptance of foods - Omega-3 fats for brain and vision - Reduced risk for later obesity & DMT2 - Easier digestion/ healthier gut - Less asthma and allergies
It contains omega-3 and cholesterol needed for brain and eye development as well as for cell membrane development. Early exposure to cholesterol gives infants a better ability to metabolize cholesterol later in life.
Offer ad libitum - paying attention to infant signs of hunger and fullness. Most important indicator is adequate growth: Regain birth weight by 10 days - Track on growth chart without crossing major centile lines. 6-8 wet diapers a day is normal. Co
2. How does a child gain immunity via breastfeeding?
3. How does lactation correlated to a decreased risk for obesity and DMT2?
4. How does breastfeeding prevent ovarian and breast cancers?
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.
If an infant is wearing a diaper and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 30 mins per week. If he or she is clothed and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 2 hours per week. Another method is through supplementation.
Breastfeeding helps promote portion control - which can help with weight management. - The baby has more control as to When to stop eating through breastfeeding - than having the baby finish what's in the bottle and overeating.
Canned foods & Honey - C. botulinum - foods that can cause choking ie. Carrot or hot dog 'rings -' whole - unpeeled grapes - hard candies - marshmallows
5. What is a standard term formula?
If an infant is wearing a diaper and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 30 mins per week. If he or she is clothed and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 2 hours per week. Another method is through supplementation.
It is a cow milk-based formula.
IF PREMATURE: use adjusted age (e.g. - if 2 months premature - add 2 months to the above guidelines)
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year
6. What type of ratio does formula milk carry?
Formula milk contains a higher casein to whey amount - making it longer to digest the proteins.
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
If the infant has severe allergies and digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
7. What is myconium?
It is based on the idease of supply and demand. Mature milk increases water content and decreases protein content. Milk composition changes during each feeding and on each breast. Composition changes to meet the baby's changing needs - even beyond th
This is feces the infant carried inutero to birth - which is high in bilirubin and can lead to jaundice.
Lactose is the most abundant as it is easily digested - but breaks down slowly. It also facilitates calcium absorption.
Canned foods & Honey - C. botulinum - foods that can cause choking ie. Carrot or hot dog 'rings -' whole - unpeeled grapes - hard candies - marshmallows
8. What risks are associated with formula usage?
Infants are at risk of developing: respiratory & ear infections - diarrhea (bacterial or rotavirus) - urinary tract infections -allergies -obesity - and DMT2
A form of breast milk developed after colostrum - within the first two weeks postpartum. It is more watered down - with an increased concentration in fat and CHO and decreased protein content. Its calories depend on the time in which the infant was d
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year
9. What is a food jag?
When a child will eat nothing but one item.
A mother's antibodies and normal flora can be transferred to a child via breast milk.
Breast milk contains molecules that are easier for the gut to break down - resulting in a faster digestion rate than with formula.
20 calories/oz
10. What is prolactin?
The synthesis of milk components and its movement through milk ducts and out through the nipple.
Lactose is the most abundant as it is easily digested - but breaks down slowly. It also facilitates calcium absorption.
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.
A hormone that stimulates the mammary gland - responsible for milk production and starts during pregnancy.
11. What interventions should be done for preterm infants?
Iron supplementation is not needed until 6 months unless the child was preterm.
If the infant has a cow-based allergen - he or she will receive this type of formula.
IF PREMATURE: use adjusted age (e.g. - if 2 months premature - add 2 months to the above guidelines)
Infants are at risk of developing: respiratory & ear infections - diarrhea (bacterial or rotavirus) - urinary tract infections -allergies -obesity - and DMT2
12. What are signs of hunger?
A hormone responsible for the let down reflex and starts right at birth and continues while breastfeeding.
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
Lactose is the most abundant as it is easily digested - but breaks down slowly. It also facilitates calcium absorption.
If the infant has digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
13. What is the indication for soy-based formulas?
24 calories/oz
Formulas are nutritionally similar to breast milk - but do not provide immune protection and are higher in caesin.
Same foods as adults - May continue breastfeeding - Formula then whole milk (up to 16-24 oz) - Variety - Food jag
If the infant has a cow-based allergen - he or she will receive this type of formula.
14. What is lactation?
The synthesis of milk components and its movement through milk ducts and out through the nipple.
What the mom eats - albeit subtle - affects the child's future preference for food
Mothers need an additional 500 kcal/day for 6 months. The extra caloric intake and the maternal fat storage helps meet the demand. They should also drink an extra 1L/day.
A form of breast milk developed after colostrum - within the first two weeks postpartum. It is more watered down - with an increased concentration in fat and CHO and decreased protein content. Its calories depend on the time in which the infant was d
15. How does lactation affect digestion?
After 1 year - can include same foods as adults - Cut into appropriate sizes
It is injected within the first hours of life as prophylaxis against hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
Breast milk contains molecules that are easier for the gut to break down - resulting in a faster digestion rate than with formula.
This is feces the infant carried inutero to birth - which is high in bilirubin and can lead to jaundice.
16. How does breast milk adapt to an infant's nutritional needs?
17. What is oxytocin?
A hormone responsible for the let down reflex and starts right at birth and continues while breastfeeding.
Offer ad libitum - paying attention to infant signs of hunger and fullness. Most important indicator is adequate growth: Regain birth weight by 10 days - Track on growth chart without crossing major centile lines. 6-8 wet diapers a day is normal. Co
Infants require : 54% fat (from dietary fat) - 40% CHO - 6% protein - Adults require: 45-65% CHO - 20-35% fat - 10-35% protein
Examples are Soy-based - Protein hydrolysate - Amino acid-based - Allergies/ sensitive digestion formularies.
18. What is quantitavely indicative of proper growth?
The AAP recommends: 6 months exclusive breastfeeding - After 6 months - parents can introduced solids and complement them with breastmilk until 1 year. - After 1 year - mothers can breastfeed more as mutually desired.
Weight doubles by 6 months - Triples by 1 year - 2nd year - add about 5 pounds - BMR is very high - Need - 100 kcalories/kg
Lactose is the most abundant as it is easily digested - but breaks down slowly. It also facilitates calcium absorption.
A mother's antibodies and normal flora can be transferred to a child via breast milk.
19. What are some benefits of lactation for infants?
24 calories/oz
Immunity - More acceptance of foods - Omega-3 fats for brain and vision - Reduced risk for later obesity & DMT2 - Easier digestion/ healthier gut - Less asthma and allergies
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
Mothers need an additional 500 kcal/day for 6 months. The extra caloric intake and the maternal fat storage helps meet the demand. They should also drink an extra 1L/day.
20. How much iron do infants need?
Same foods as adults - May continue breastfeeding - Formula then whole milk (up to 16-24 oz) - Variety - Food jag
Iron supplementation is not needed until 6 months unless the child was preterm.
Breast milk contains a high whey: casein ratio - The ratio in human milk changes during the first year as the baby grows. The balance of the 18 essential amino acids in the milk are uniquely suited to foster human growth and brain development.
Breastfeeding helps promote portion control - which can help with weight management. - The baby has more control as to When to stop eating through breastfeeding - than having the baby finish what's in the bottle and overeating.
21. How much vitamin D is needed for infants?
Examples are Soy-based - Protein hydrolysate - Amino acid-based - Allergies/ sensitive digestion formularies.
Slow pace of eating - Plays with food or surrounding items - Refuses to open mouth - Turns head as food approaches - Tries to leave eating location
If an infant is wearing a diaper and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 30 mins per week. If he or she is clothed and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 2 hours per week. Another method is through supplementation.
When an infant turns his head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth - searching for the object by moving his head in steadily decreasing arcs until the object is found.
22. What are some pointers for feeding 1-2 year olds?
Same foods as adults - May continue breastfeeding - Formula then whole milk (up to 16-24 oz) - Variety - Food jag
Infants require : 54% fat (from dietary fat) - 40% CHO - 6% protein - Adults require: 45-65% CHO - 20-35% fat - 10-35% protein
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentally ready - 4-6 months - Head up - control tongue
23. What is rooting?
When an infant turns his head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth - searching for the object by moving his head in steadily decreasing arcs until the object is found.
Examples are Soy-based - Protein hydrolysate - Amino acid-based - Allergies/ sensitive digestion formularies.
A hormone responsible for the let down reflex and starts right at birth and continues while breastfeeding.
If the infant has digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
24. How should foods be introduced to infants?
A hormone that stimulates the mammary gland - responsible for milk production and starts during pregnancy.
Iron supplementation is not needed until 6 months unless the child was preterm.
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Iron-fortified infant cereal - Strained meats - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentall
It is injected within the first hours of life as prophylaxis against hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
25. Why is Vitamin K administered on infants?
A hormone responsible for the let down reflex and starts right at birth and continues while breastfeeding.
Iron supplementation is not needed until 6 months unless the child was preterm.
It is injected within the first hours of life as prophylaxis against hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
Breast milk contains molecules that are easier for the gut to break down - resulting in a faster digestion rate than with formula.
26. What are some benefits of breastfeeding to mothers?
27. What are some infant feeding recommendations?
Breast milk contains a high whey: casein ratio - The ratio in human milk changes during the first year as the baby grows. The balance of the 18 essential amino acids in the milk are uniquely suited to foster human growth and brain development.
It is a cow milk-based formula.
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentally ready - 4-6 months - Head up - control tongue
28. What should nurses teach mothers when they use formula milk?
The synthesis of milk components and its movement through milk ducts and out through the nipple.
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.
Colostrum - Transitional milk - Mature milk
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Iron-fortified infant cereal - Strained meats - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentall
29. When can infants eat the same food as adults?
After 1 year - can include same foods as adults - Cut into appropriate sizes
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
Colostrum - Transitional milk - Mature milk
24 calories/oz
30. What is colostrum?
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.
A form of breast milk produced in the first 3-4 days after birth. It is a concentrated source of protein - fat-soluble vitamins - and immune factors - as the infant has a sterile gut. It is also easy to digest and stimulates bowel movement more frequ
Breast milk contains a high whey: casein ratio - The ratio in human milk changes during the first year as the baby grows. The balance of the 18 essential amino acids in the milk are uniquely suited to foster human growth and brain development.
Canned foods & Honey - C. botulinum - foods that can cause choking ie. Carrot or hot dog 'rings -' whole - unpeeled grapes - hard candies - marshmallows
31. What is transitional milk?
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.
A form of breast milk developed after colostrum - within the first two weeks postpartum. It is more watered down - with an increased concentration in fat and CHO and decreased protein content. Its calories depend on the time in which the infant was d
32. How many calories does human milk contain?
Examples are Soy-based - Protein hydrolysate - Amino acid-based - Allergies/ sensitive digestion formularies.
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.
Lactose is the most abundant as it is easily digested - but breaks down slowly. It also facilitates calcium absorption.
Infants require : 54% fat (from dietary fat) - 40% CHO - 6% protein - Adults require: 45-65% CHO - 20-35% fat - 10-35% protein
33. How many calories per ounce can a full-term infant receive from transitional milk?
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
20 calories/oz
A form of breast milk developed after colostrum - within the first two weeks postpartum. It is more watered down - with an increased concentration in fat and CHO and decreased protein content. Its calories depend on the time in which the infant was d
Weight doubles by 6 months - Triples by 1 year - 2nd year - add about 5 pounds - BMR is very high - Need - 100 kcalories/kg
34. What should nurses educate mothers in when discussing the adequacy of intake?
Offer ad libitum - paying attention to infant signs of hunger and fullness. Most important indicator is adequate growth: Regain birth weight by 10 days - Track on growth chart without crossing major centile lines. 6-8 wet diapers a day is normal. Co
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.
Weight doubles by 6 months - Triples by 1 year - 2nd year - add about 5 pounds - BMR is very high - Need - 100 kcalories/kg
A form of breast milk developed after colostrum - within the first two weeks postpartum. It is more watered down - with an increased concentration in fat and CHO and decreased protein content. Its calories depend on the time in which the infant was d
35. How are preterm formulas different from standard formulas
Infants require : 54% fat (from dietary fat) - 40% CHO - 6% protein - Adults require: 45-65% CHO - 20-35% fat - 10-35% protein
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
If an infant is wearing a diaper and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 30 mins per week. If he or she is clothed and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 2 hours per week. Another method is through supplementation.
Preterm formulas contain 22-24 kcal/oz while term formulas contain 20kcal/oz.
36. What are examples of specialized-term formulas?
Examples are Soy-based - Protein hydrolysate - Amino acid-based - Allergies/ sensitive digestion formularies.
When a child will eat nothing but one item.
Decreased :Postpartum blood loss - Postpartum depression - Risk of ovarian and breast cancers - Cost - Increased: Uterine contractions after birth - 'Mothering' hormones oxytocin and prolactin - Child spacing
Slow pace of eating - Plays with food or surrounding items - Refuses to open mouth - Turns head as food approaches - Tries to leave eating location
37. What are the stages of human milk?
Immunity - More acceptance of foods - Omega-3 fats for brain and vision - Reduced risk for later obesity & DMT2 - Easier digestion/ healthier gut - Less asthma and allergies
Weight doubles by 6 months - Triples by 1 year - 2nd year - add about 5 pounds - BMR is very high - Need - 100 kcalories/kg
A form of breast milk developed after colostrum - within the first two weeks postpartum. It is more watered down - with an increased concentration in fat and CHO and decreased protein content. Its calories depend on the time in which the infant was d
Colostrum - Transitional milk - Mature milk
38. What are some foods that should not be introduced to infants?
39. What proteins are in breastmilk?
Breast milk contains a high whey: casein ratio - The ratio in human milk changes during the first year as the baby grows. The balance of the 18 essential amino acids in the milk are uniquely suited to foster human growth and brain development.
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.
A form of breast milk developed after colostrum - within the first two weeks postpartum. It is more watered down - with an increased concentration in fat and CHO and decreased protein content. Its calories depend on the time in which the infant was d
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
40. What is mature milk?
41. How is the composition of formula different from breast milk?
Formulas are nutritionally similar to breast milk - but do not provide immune protection and are higher in caesin.
20 calories/oz
Lactose is the most abundant as it is easily digested - but breaks down slowly. It also facilitates calcium absorption.
If the infant has severe allergies and digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
42. What are signs of fullness?
If the infant has digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
Mothers can choose from: standard-term formulas - specialized term formulas - and preterm formulas.
Slow pace of eating - Plays with food or surrounding items - Refuses to open mouth - Turns head as food approaches - Tries to leave eating location
A mother's antibodies and normal flora can be transferred to a child via breast milk.
43. What is the let-down reflex?
Colostrum - Transitional milk - Mature milk
An involuntary action in which the milk free flows from the breast to the infant.
20 calories/oz
Immunity - More acceptance of foods - Omega-3 fats for brain and vision - Reduced risk for later obesity & DMT2 - Easier digestion/ healthier gut - Less asthma and allergies
44. How many calories per ounce can a pre-term infant receive from transitional milk?
24 calories/oz
When a child will eat nothing but one item.
Formulas are nutritionally similar to breast milk - but do not provide immune protection and are higher in caesin.
It is a cow milk-based formula.
45. How should food allergies be addressed?
If an infant is wearing a diaper and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 30 mins per week. If he or she is clothed and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 2 hours per week. Another method is through supplementation.
A mother's antibodies and normal flora can be transferred to a child via breast milk.
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year
Mothers need an additional 500 kcal/day for 6 months. The extra caloric intake and the maternal fat storage helps meet the demand. They should also drink an extra 1L/day.
46. What is the indication for amino acid based formulas?
A form of breast milk that forms 2 weeks after birth - after the development of transitional milk. It changes its composition over time to adapt to the infant's nutritional needs. To receive adequate nutrition from this breast milk - the infant must
What the mom eats - albeit subtle - affects the child's future preference for food
If the infant has severe allergies and digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
24 calories/oz
47. What types of formulas are available?
Mothers can choose from: standard-term formulas - specialized term formulas - and preterm formulas.
After 1 year - can include same foods as adults - Cut into appropriate sizes
Iron supplementation is not needed until 6 months unless the child was preterm.
A hormone that stimulates the mammary gland - responsible for milk production and starts during pregnancy.
48. What is the indication for protein hydrolysate formulas?
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year
The synthesis of milk components and its movement through milk ducts and out through the nipple.
If the infant has digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
A hormone that stimulates the mammary gland - responsible for milk production and starts during pregnancy.
49. What carbohydrates are in breast milk?
What the mom eats - albeit subtle - affects the child's future preference for food
Breast milk contains a high whey: casein ratio - The ratio in human milk changes during the first year as the baby grows. The balance of the 18 essential amino acids in the milk are uniquely suited to foster human growth and brain development.
Decreased :Postpartum blood loss - Postpartum depression - Risk of ovarian and breast cancers - Cost - Increased: Uterine contractions after birth - 'Mothering' hormones oxytocin and prolactin - Child spacing
Lactose is the most abundant as it is easily digested - but breaks down slowly. It also facilitates calcium absorption.
50. How are the nutritional needs of infants different from adults?
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Iron-fortified infant cereal - Strained meats - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentall
Infants require : 54% fat (from dietary fat) - 40% CHO - 6% protein - Adults require: 45-65% CHO - 20-35% fat - 10-35% protein
It is based on the idease of supply and demand. Mature milk increases water content and decreases protein content. Milk composition changes during each feeding and on each breast. Composition changes to meet the baby's changing needs - even beyond th
The synthesis of milk components and its movement through milk ducts and out through the nipple.