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Infant Nutrition

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is the composition of formula different from breast milk?
Formulas are nutritionally similar to breast milk - but do not provide immune protection and are higher in caesin.
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.
An involuntary action in which the milk free flows from the breast to the infant.
It is based on the idease of supply and demand. Mature milk increases water content and decreases protein content. Milk composition changes during each feeding and on each breast. Composition changes to meet the baby's changing needs - even beyond th

2. How much iron do infants need?
Iron supplementation is not needed until 6 months unless the child was preterm.
What the mom eats - albeit subtle - affects the child's future preference for food
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Iron-fortified infant cereal - Strained meats - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentall
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.

3. What should nurses educate mothers in when discussing the adequacy of intake?
Canned foods & Honey - C. botulinum - foods that can cause choking ie. Carrot or hot dog 'rings -' whole - unpeeled grapes - hard candies - marshmallows
Offer ad libitum - paying attention to infant signs of hunger and fullness. Most important indicator is adequate growth: Regain birth weight by 10 days - Track on growth chart without crossing major centile lines. 6-8 wet diapers a day is normal. Co
It is based on the idease of supply and demand. Mature milk increases water content and decreases protein content. Milk composition changes during each feeding and on each breast. Composition changes to meet the baby's changing needs - even beyond th
A hormone that stimulates the mammary gland - responsible for milk production and starts during pregnancy.

4. What type of ratio does formula milk carry?
Canned foods & Honey - C. botulinum - foods that can cause choking ie. Carrot or hot dog 'rings -' whole - unpeeled grapes - hard candies - marshmallows
After 1 year - can include same foods as adults - Cut into appropriate sizes
If an infant is wearing a diaper and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 30 mins per week. If he or she is clothed and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 2 hours per week. Another method is through supplementation.
Formula milk contains a higher casein to whey amount - making it longer to digest the proteins.

5. What carbohydrates are in breast milk?
It is a cow milk-based formula.
Infants are at risk of developing: respiratory & ear infections - diarrhea (bacterial or rotavirus) - urinary tract infections -allergies -obesity - and DMT2
Canned foods & Honey - C. botulinum - foods that can cause choking ie. Carrot or hot dog 'rings -' whole - unpeeled grapes - hard candies - marshmallows
Lactose is the most abundant as it is easily digested - but breaks down slowly. It also facilitates calcium absorption.

6. What is a food jag?
After 1 year - can include same foods as adults - Cut into appropriate sizes
When a child will eat nothing but one item.
Immunity - More acceptance of foods - Omega-3 fats for brain and vision - Reduced risk for later obesity & DMT2 - Easier digestion/ healthier gut - Less asthma and allergies
Breast milk contains molecules that are easier for the gut to break down - resulting in a faster digestion rate than with formula.

7. How does lactation affect digestion?
Weight doubles by 6 months - Triples by 1 year - 2nd year - add about 5 pounds - BMR is very high - Need - 100 kcalories/kg
If the infant has a cow-based allergen - he or she will receive this type of formula.
Breast milk contains molecules that are easier for the gut to break down - resulting in a faster digestion rate than with formula.
Formula milk contains a higher casein to whey amount - making it longer to digest the proteins.

8. How many calories per ounce can a full-term infant receive from transitional milk?
Formula milk contains a higher casein to whey amount - making it longer to digest the proteins.
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
A hormone that stimulates the mammary gland - responsible for milk production and starts during pregnancy.
20 calories/oz

9. Why is Vitamin K administered on infants?
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Iron-fortified infant cereal - Strained meats - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentall
Breastfeeding helps promote portion control - which can help with weight management. - The baby has more control as to When to stop eating through breastfeeding - than having the baby finish what's in the bottle and overeating.
If the infant has severe allergies and digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
It is injected within the first hours of life as prophylaxis against hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.

10. What are signs of hunger?
If the infant has severe allergies and digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
It is a cow milk-based formula.
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue

11. What is the indication for protein hydrolysate formulas?
If the infant has digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
A mother's antibodies and normal flora can be transferred to a child via breast milk.
What the mom eats - albeit subtle - affects the child's future preference for food
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.

12. How many calories per ounce can a pre-term infant receive from transitional milk?
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year
24 calories/oz
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.

13. What are some benefits of lactation for infants?
Decreased :Postpartum blood loss - Postpartum depression - Risk of ovarian and breast cancers - Cost - Increased: Uterine contractions after birth - 'Mothering' hormones oxytocin and prolactin - Child spacing
If the infant has digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
Immunity - More acceptance of foods - Omega-3 fats for brain and vision - Reduced risk for later obesity & DMT2 - Easier digestion/ healthier gut - Less asthma and allergies
If an infant is wearing a diaper and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 30 mins per week. If he or she is clothed and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 2 hours per week. Another method is through supplementation.

14. What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend for breastfeeding?
What the mom eats - albeit subtle - affects the child's future preference for food
A form of breast milk that forms 2 weeks after birth - after the development of transitional milk. It changes its composition over time to adapt to the infant's nutritional needs. To receive adequate nutrition from this breast milk - the infant must
It is a cow milk-based formula.
The AAP recommends: 6 months exclusive breastfeeding - After 6 months - parents can introduced solids and complement them with breastmilk until 1 year. - After 1 year - mothers can breastfeed more as mutually desired.

15. What is lactation?
The synthesis of milk components and its movement through milk ducts and out through the nipple.
The AAP recommends: 6 months exclusive breastfeeding - After 6 months - parents can introduced solids and complement them with breastmilk until 1 year. - After 1 year - mothers can breastfeed more as mutually desired.
It is a cow milk-based formula.
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.

16. How are preterm formulas different from standard formulas
Breastfeeding helps promote portion control - which can help with weight management. - The baby has more control as to When to stop eating through breastfeeding - than having the baby finish what's in the bottle and overeating.
Preterm formulas contain 22-24 kcal/oz while term formulas contain 20kcal/oz.
Decreased :Postpartum blood loss - Postpartum depression - Risk of ovarian and breast cancers - Cost - Increased: Uterine contractions after birth - 'Mothering' hormones oxytocin and prolactin - Child spacing
It is injected within the first hours of life as prophylaxis against hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.

17. What are the stages of human milk?
Mothers can choose from: standard-term formulas - specialized term formulas - and preterm formulas.
If an infant is wearing a diaper and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 30 mins per week. If he or she is clothed and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 2 hours per week. Another method is through supplementation.
Colostrum - Transitional milk - Mature milk
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.

18. When can infants eat the same food as adults?
It is based on the idease of supply and demand. Mature milk increases water content and decreases protein content. Milk composition changes during each feeding and on each breast. Composition changes to meet the baby's changing needs - even beyond th
A form of breast milk produced in the first 3-4 days after birth. It is a concentrated source of protein - fat-soluble vitamins - and immune factors - as the infant has a sterile gut. It is also easy to digest and stimulates bowel movement more frequ
After 1 year - can include same foods as adults - Cut into appropriate sizes
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year

19. How does breastfeeding prevent ovarian and breast cancers?
A mother's antibodies and normal flora can be transferred to a child via breast milk.
Breast milk contains molecules that are easier for the gut to break down - resulting in a faster digestion rate than with formula.
Mothers need an additional 500 kcal/day for 6 months. The extra caloric intake and the maternal fat storage helps meet the demand. They should also drink an extra 1L/day.
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.

20. What are examples of specialized-term formulas?
Colostrum - Transitional milk - Mature milk
The AAP recommends: 6 months exclusive breastfeeding - After 6 months - parents can introduced solids and complement them with breastmilk until 1 year. - After 1 year - mothers can breastfeed more as mutually desired.
Examples are Soy-based - Protein hydrolysate - Amino acid-based - Allergies/ sensitive digestion formularies.
It is a cow milk-based formula.

21. How does a child gain immunity via breastfeeding?

22. What is quantitavely indicative of proper growth?
Weight doubles by 6 months - Triples by 1 year - 2nd year - add about 5 pounds - BMR is very high - Need - 100 kcalories/kg
If the infant has a cow-based allergen - he or she will receive this type of formula.
Canned foods & Honey - C. botulinum - foods that can cause choking ie. Carrot or hot dog 'rings -' whole - unpeeled grapes - hard candies - marshmallows
Slow pace of eating - Plays with food or surrounding items - Refuses to open mouth - Turns head as food approaches - Tries to leave eating location

23. How should foods be introduced to infants?
It is injected within the first hours of life as prophylaxis against hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
Breastfeeding helps promote portion control - which can help with weight management. - The baby has more control as to When to stop eating through breastfeeding - than having the baby finish what's in the bottle and overeating.
The synthesis of milk components and its movement through milk ducts and out through the nipple.
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Iron-fortified infant cereal - Strained meats - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentall

24. What are some pointers for feeding 1-2 year olds?
Same foods as adults - May continue breastfeeding - Formula then whole milk (up to 16-24 oz) - Variety - Food jag
It contains omega-3 and cholesterol needed for brain and eye development as well as for cell membrane development. Early exposure to cholesterol gives infants a better ability to metabolize cholesterol later in life.
Formulas are nutritionally similar to breast milk - but do not provide immune protection and are higher in caesin.
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.

25. What fats are in breast milk?
It contains omega-3 and cholesterol needed for brain and eye development as well as for cell membrane development. Early exposure to cholesterol gives infants a better ability to metabolize cholesterol later in life.
A hormone that stimulates the mammary gland - responsible for milk production and starts during pregnancy.
Slow pace of eating - Plays with food or surrounding items - Refuses to open mouth - Turns head as food approaches - Tries to leave eating location
Breast milk contains a high whey: casein ratio - The ratio in human milk changes during the first year as the baby grows. The balance of the 18 essential amino acids in the milk are uniquely suited to foster human growth and brain development.

26. What is a standard term formula?
It is a cow milk-based formula.
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.
Preterm formulas contain 22-24 kcal/oz while term formulas contain 20kcal/oz.

27. What is the indication for soy-based formulas?
It is injected within the first hours of life as prophylaxis against hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.
If the infant has a cow-based allergen - he or she will receive this type of formula.
It is a cow milk-based formula.

28. How do mothers meet the caloric demands of breast feeding?
When an infant turns his head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth - searching for the object by moving his head in steadily decreasing arcs until the object is found.
Mothers need an additional 500 kcal/day for 6 months. The extra caloric intake and the maternal fat storage helps meet the demand. They should also drink an extra 1L/day.
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year
Weight doubles by 6 months - Triples by 1 year - 2nd year - add about 5 pounds - BMR is very high - Need - 100 kcalories/kg

29. How are the nutritional needs of infants different from adults?
Colostrum - Transitional milk - Mature milk
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
Same foods as adults - May continue breastfeeding - Formula then whole milk (up to 16-24 oz) - Variety - Food jag
Infants require : 54% fat (from dietary fat) - 40% CHO - 6% protein - Adults require: 45-65% CHO - 20-35% fat - 10-35% protein

30. What are some benefits of breastfeeding to mothers?

31. What is myconium?
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year
If an infant is wearing a diaper and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 30 mins per week. If he or she is clothed and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 2 hours per week. Another method is through supplementation.
This is feces the infant carried inutero to birth - which is high in bilirubin and can lead to jaundice.
Offer ad libitum - paying attention to infant signs of hunger and fullness. Most important indicator is adequate growth: Regain birth weight by 10 days - Track on growth chart without crossing major centile lines. 6-8 wet diapers a day is normal. Co

32. What is mature milk?

33. What is rooting?
An involuntary action in which the milk free flows from the breast to the infant.
When an infant turns his head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth - searching for the object by moving his head in steadily decreasing arcs until the object is found.
Mothers can choose from: standard-term formulas - specialized term formulas - and preterm formulas.
Breastfeed exclusively for approx 6 months and continue until 12 months of age - Begin with iron rich food as first solid - New foods 3-6 days apart - Introduce solid foods when infant is developmentally ready - 4-6 months - Head up - control tongue

34. What proteins are in breastmilk?
If the infant has digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
Breast milk contains a high whey: casein ratio - The ratio in human milk changes during the first year as the baby grows. The balance of the 18 essential amino acids in the milk are uniquely suited to foster human growth and brain development.
After 1 year - can include same foods as adults - Cut into appropriate sizes
Weight doubles by 6 months - Triples by 1 year - 2nd year - add about 5 pounds - BMR is very high - Need - 100 kcalories/kg

35. What types of formulas are available?
An involuntary action in which the milk free flows from the breast to the infant.
Mothers can choose from: standard-term formulas - specialized term formulas - and preterm formulas.
It is injected within the first hours of life as prophylaxis against hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
A hormone that stimulates the mammary gland - responsible for milk production and starts during pregnancy.

36. What are signs of fullness?
Decreased :Postpartum blood loss - Postpartum depression - Risk of ovarian and breast cancers - Cost - Increased: Uterine contractions after birth - 'Mothering' hormones oxytocin and prolactin - Child spacing
If the infant has a cow-based allergen - he or she will receive this type of formula.
Slow pace of eating - Plays with food or surrounding items - Refuses to open mouth - Turns head as food approaches - Tries to leave eating location
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.

37. How does breast milk adapt to an infant's nutritional needs?

38. What risks are associated with formula usage?
Infants are at risk of developing: respiratory & ear infections - diarrhea (bacterial or rotavirus) - urinary tract infections -allergies -obesity - and DMT2
Breastfeeding helps regulate the hormones related to the ovaries and the breast.
Same foods as adults - May continue breastfeeding - Formula then whole milk (up to 16-24 oz) - Variety - Food jag
Mothers need an additional 500 kcal/day for 6 months. The extra caloric intake and the maternal fat storage helps meet the demand. They should also drink an extra 1L/day.

39. How much vitamin D is needed for infants?
If an infant is wearing a diaper and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 30 mins per week. If he or she is clothed and exposed to sun - he or she should be exposed 2 hours per week. Another method is through supplementation.
This is feces the infant carried inutero to birth - which is high in bilirubin and can lead to jaundice.
When an infant turns his head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth - searching for the object by moving his head in steadily decreasing arcs until the object is found.
Weight doubles by 6 months - Triples by 1 year - 2nd year - add about 5 pounds - BMR is very high - Need - 100 kcalories/kg

40. What is colostrum?
Infants require : 54% fat (from dietary fat) - 40% CHO - 6% protein - Adults require: 45-65% CHO - 20-35% fat - 10-35% protein
It is based on the idease of supply and demand. Mature milk increases water content and decreases protein content. Milk composition changes during each feeding and on each breast. Composition changes to meet the baby's changing needs - even beyond th
Mothers can choose from: standard-term formulas - specialized term formulas - and preterm formulas.
A form of breast milk produced in the first 3-4 days after birth. It is a concentrated source of protein - fat-soluble vitamins - and immune factors - as the infant has a sterile gut. It is also easy to digest and stimulates bowel movement more frequ

41. What is transitional milk?
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
A form of breast milk developed after colostrum - within the first two weeks postpartum. It is more watered down - with an increased concentration in fat and CHO and decreased protein content. Its calories depend on the time in which the infant was d
Formula milk contains a higher casein to whey amount - making it longer to digest the proteins.
It is based on the idease of supply and demand. Mature milk increases water content and decreases protein content. Milk composition changes during each feeding and on each breast. Composition changes to meet the baby's changing needs - even beyond th

42. How does lactation correlated to a decreased risk for obesity and DMT2?

43. What is the indication for amino acid based formulas?
Weight doubles by 6 months - Triples by 1 year - 2nd year - add about 5 pounds - BMR is very high - Need - 100 kcalories/kg
Formula milk contains a higher casein to whey amount - making it longer to digest the proteins.
Colostrum - Transitional milk - Mature milk
If the infant has severe allergies and digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.

44. What is the let-down reflex?
What the mom eats - albeit subtle - affects the child's future preference for food
An involuntary action in which the milk free flows from the breast to the infant.
It is a cow milk-based formula.
Slow pace of eating - Plays with food or surrounding items - Refuses to open mouth - Turns head as food approaches - Tries to leave eating location

45. What are some foods that should not be introduced to infants?

46. How should food allergies be addressed?
A form of breast milk that forms 2 weeks after birth - after the development of transitional milk. It changes its composition over time to adapt to the infant's nutritional needs. To receive adequate nutrition from this breast milk - the infant must
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.
If the infant has digestion problems - he or she will receive this type of formula.
One new food every 3-7 days to watch for allergic reactions - family hx food allergies: Delay allergenic foods until after 1 year - Delay major allergens (eggs - milk - wheat - soy - peanuts - tree nuts - fish and shellfish) until well after 1st year

47. How many calories does human milk contain?
It contains about 85 kcal per 100 mL.
Weight doubles by 6 months - Triples by 1 year - 2nd year - add about 5 pounds - BMR is very high - Need - 100 kcalories/kg
Sucking on hand - Rooting - Excited arm and leg movements - Opening mouth as spoon approaches - Fussing - Crying is late cue
If the infant has a cow-based allergen - he or she will receive this type of formula.

48. How are lactation and a child's food preference related?

49. What should nurses teach mothers when they use formula milk?
The AAP recommends: 6 months exclusive breastfeeding - After 6 months - parents can introduced solids and complement them with breastmilk until 1 year. - After 1 year - mothers can breastfeed more as mutually desired.
Choose iron fortified - Avoid over-dilution - Use CLEAN - sterile bottles and water to avoid contamination - ALWAYS observe the baby when feeding. If they leave the bottle for too long they may develop dental caries.
Infants are at risk of developing: respiratory & ear infections - diarrhea (bacterial or rotavirus) - urinary tract infections -allergies -obesity - and DMT2
Infants require : 54% fat (from dietary fat) - 40% CHO - 6% protein - Adults require: 45-65% CHO - 20-35% fat - 10-35% protein

50. What is oxytocin?
Breast milk contains a high whey: casein ratio - The ratio in human milk changes during the first year as the baby grows. The balance of the 18 essential amino acids in the milk are uniquely suited to foster human growth and brain development.
A hormone that stimulates the mammary gland - responsible for milk production and starts during pregnancy.
A hormone responsible for the let down reflex and starts right at birth and continues while breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding helps promote portion control - which can help with weight management. - The baby has more control as to When to stop eating through breastfeeding - than having the baby finish what's in the bottle and overeating.