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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.
connective tissue
dermis
diaphragm
central nervous system
2. A response to a stimulus or substance (such as alcohol) which occurs rapidly and produces severe - possibly life-threatening - symptoms.
hard problem of consciousness
child mortality rate
mammography
acute effects
3. A scale from 0 to 14 describing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution - where 7 is neutral - greater than 7 is more basic (alkaline) and less than 7 is more acidic.
population age-structures
physiology
pH scale
respiration
4. The level of intensity of stimulation of a neuron at which it first shows activity. The term is used particularly in the context of sensory neurons.
threshold of excitation
osteoblasts
grays
vasopressin
5. A bundle of the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. (Occasionally employed informally to refer to a bundle of axons within the central nervous system.)
nerve
focal length
myofibre
mortality rate
6. A subdivision of a rounded mass of tissue. For example - in the breast - this is used to describe an individual branched subsection of the mammary gland.
lobule
antibiotic resistance
dependence
cancellous
7. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.
chemical symbol
endothelial cells
ecotoxicology
double-strand break
8. A screening procedure has high of this if - in people who do not have the disease being screened for - the procedure is very likely not to detect disease - that is - to give a negative result. Numerically - this is calculated by expressing the number
open angle glaucoma
specificity
ionic compound
autobiographical memory
9. The junction where a neuron influences another cell - the latter being either another neuron or a muscle cell. (
gas pressure
synapse
physiology
extinction
10. A bean-shaped tissue packed with immune system cells found at intervals along the vessels of the lymphatic system. They filter potentially harmful substances and organisms (microbes) from body fluids that drain into the lymphatic system; the filtered
lymph node
venous return
hepatitis
spirometer
11. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.
extinction
focal length
structural formula
stem cells
12. The blood pressure that is detected between heart contractions (lower than the systolic blood pressure).
arteries
cognitive-behavioural therapy
diastolic blood pressure
acidosis
13. A molecule that facilitates a reaction but Which is left unchanged at the end; catalysis refers to the action of this.
alcohol tolerant
media
bond
catalyst
14. Disease - disorder or traumatic injury characterised by rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration - From which the patient either recovers quickly or dies (CS 1 & 6). Some chronic (long-term) conditions can have acute episodes - e.g. exacerbat
element
millilitres
bacteria
acute condition
15. Complex structures in the body formed from a number of different tissues - which form a distinct structure and serve a particular function - e.g. the heart - the brain - the lungs. (CS 2 & 4)
dry AMD
organ
developing countries
fracture
16. Microbes that cause disease.
pathogens
convex
absorption
additive primary colours
17. This condition occurs when the arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle become blocked by fatty deposits known as plaques - and areas of muscle die as a result.
axon
sensory neuron
analgesia
coronary heart disease
18. The process of reducing pain - e.g. by taking morphine.
action potential
proxy measure
analgesia
transmission
19. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.
selection pressure
chronic inflammation
optometrist
chemoreceptor
20. Tissues that are like tendons in terms of structure but connect bones to each other (rather than bones to muscles).
osteoclasts
ligaments
pulse oximetry
media
21. The number of individual pathogens required to cause disease in an infected person; the number varies from one infectious disease to another.
lens
incidence rate
presynaptic neuron
infectious dose
22. Over time - a need for an increasing amount of drug to obtain the same level of effect - e.g. the amount of alcohol required to produce intoxication.
reflex
nerve
post-traumatic stress disorder
tolerance
23. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.
dementia
focal length
epinephrine
glaucoma
24. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.
analgesia
inflammation
single bond
diffusion
25. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.
gate theory
physiology
mammals
wave-particle duality
26. The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
potential difference
central nervous system
metastasis
spectrum
27. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.
effective dose
aqueous humour
infant mortality rate
hydroxyl group
28. A protein that is abundant in the extracellular matrix and can form long thin fibres to provide structure to many tissues.
multifactorial disease
collagen
urbanisation
chronic effects
29. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given
drainage angle
gene
covalent bond
hormone
30. A process at an interface of two media in which light is returned into the original medium without transmission or absorption.
bond
reflection
rods
double-strand break
31. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl
fracture
pulmonary hypertension
risk factor
point-of-use' strategy
32. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.
axon terminal
epithelial tissue
confounding factor
child mortality rate
33. The areas of the medulla region in the brain that integrate sensory information from chemoreceptors monitoring the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. They send out appropriate signals to regulate the rate of contraction of the respirato
negative feedback
SI Units
acute effects
respiratory centres
34. A term that refers to the fact that the connections between neurons are not static. Rather - they are subject to change as result of activity within the neurons concerned. It can mean - over a period of time - increased sensitivity of connections bet
transmission
open angle glaucoma
plasticity
diastolic blood pressure
35. A condition in which the conjunctiva is inflamed.
conjunctivitis
microbes
glaucoma
prevalence rate
36. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level
sensory neuron
urbanisation
epidemic
metabolism
37. Counts of deaths.
mortality data
biomass fuel
electromagnetic radiation
positive predictive value
38. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.
hypoxia
epinephrine
urbanisation
splint
39. Immobilisation of a broken bone using something rigid.
bacteria
splint
relative risk
cast
40. Any fracture where the overlying skin is broken.
open fracture
principal focal point
closed fracture
opioid
41. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.
bronchus
immunodeficiency
mammals
laser
42. The process of breaking down foods in the body into the molecules needed to maintain life.
primates
conjunctivitis
greenstick fracture
metabolism
43. The binding that occurs between a signalling molecule and its specific receptor. The specificity of the binding is analogous to that of a particular key in a particular lock; e.g. the binding between a neurotransmitter and its receptor - or a hormone
sievert
population age-structures
lock-and-key interaction
closed-angle glaucoma
44. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si
mammals
post-traumatic stress disorder
screening
psychobiological approach
45. Stimuli that are associated with actual or potential damage to body tissues.
refraction
noxious stimuli
radiographer
structural formula
46. Vital to many chemical reactions in the body. Crystals containing these form an important part of the structure of bones.
calcium ions
hormone
colour deficiency
photon
47. The proportion of young - middle-aged and older people in a population. In developing countries - tends to be 'younger' than that of developed countries.
population age-structures
ecotoxicology
trauma
synapse
48. A therapeutic technique where low-level stimulation is given to the skin and which has the effect of reducing pain (abbreviated to TENS).
mortality
chronic bronchitis
convex
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
49. A chemical reaction involving the addition of oxygen.
amygdale
catalyst
mortality data
oxidation
50. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.
infectious dose
microcalcifications
ecotoxicology
stroma