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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An agent - such as a chemical - ultraviolet light - or a radioactive substance that can induce - or increase the frequency of - mutations in DNA.






2. The number of new cases in a given period - usually a year - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population






3. The material outside the cells in a tissue in which the cells are embedded. It is mainly made from proteins made by and arranged by the cells.






4. The type of muscle tissue that is responsible for moving parts of the musculoskeletal system.






5. Cells that can divide to produce daughter cells - which can then differentiate to become any of a range of different cell types.






6. Bonding Which is due to the electrical attraction of equal and opposite electrical charges and which holds the ions in salt crystals together.






7. The blood pressure that is detected during heart contractions - Which is higher than the diastolic pressure.






8. A single point on the optical axis of a lens onto which all light rays parallel to that axis are directed.






9. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.






10. A class of substances arising from outside the body - but Which bear a close similarity to naturally occurring opioids in their structure and effect; they include heroin derived from the opium poppy and morphine.






11. The process of inspiring or inhaling; the drawing in of air into the lungs.






12. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.






13. Blood that contains very little oxygen.






14. Characteristic signs that follow the termination of taking a drug - most usually associated with a negative mood. There can also be characteristic physiological signs associated with particular drugs - e.g. sweating and shivering.






15. A technique in which a person is placed in a particular psychological state and - in response to suggestions made by the hypnotist - can experience alterations in perception - memory and voluntary action.






16. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi






17. The dimension of positive and negative feelings - exemplified by - respectively - happiness and pain.






18. An eye-surgery technique where the epithelial layer of the eye is removed and laser treatment applied to the tissues exposed beneath (abbreviated to PRK).






19. Blood that contains a high level of oxygen and in which most of the haemoglobin has been converted into oxyhaemoglobin by bonding to oxygen.






20. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).






21. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. It consists only of the atoms characteristic - e.g. hydrogen (H) - oxygen (O) - nitrogen (N) - sodium (Na) - chlorine (Cl) - mercury (Hg). There are 92 naturally oc






22. The ability to stand - walk and run - supported only by the hind limbs.






23. A measure of how well a person sees - determined by the minimum distance at which two lines (or points) can be distinguished at a test distance.






24. The process of detecting stimuli that cause actual or potential damage to the tissues of the body.






25. The effects of ionising radiation are said to be this if there is a threshold below which there is no effect - and if above that threshold - the severity depends on the amount of radiation received.






26. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.






27. A very long macromolecule found in the cell nucleus - abbreviated to DNA. It is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics through the generations in all organisms. The genetic information is carried






28. The amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs in the first second of expiration - abbreviated to FEV1.






29. Stimuli that are associated with actual or potential damage to body tissues.






30. A test that evaluates how well the lungs work; also known as a pulmonary function test.






31. Disease or disorder that often has a gradual onset - involves slowly changing symptoms and lasts for a long time.






32. X-ray imaging of the breast.






33. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of two electrons - one from each atom at either end of the bond.






34. The total volume of gas contained in the lungs after a full inspiration (it is equal to vital capacity plus residual volume). (Abbreviated to TLC)






35. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.






36. The standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; it has the symbol l.






37. The system of organs and structures in which gas exchange takes place. In mammals it consists of the airways - the lungs and the muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.






38. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.






39. A screening procedure has high of this if - in people who do not have the disease being screened for - the procedure is very likely not to detect disease - that is - to give a negative result. Numerically - this is calculated by expressing the number






40. The flat cells that line the cardiovascular system.






41. The new tissue formed as a wound repairs - containing tiny new blood vessels that give it a grainy appearance.






42. A bundle of the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. (Occasionally employed informally to refer to a bundle of axons within the central nervous system.)






43. The removal of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule.






44. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.






45. A factor that strengthens a tendency to engage in a particular behaviour.






46. The movement of atoms or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration - until the concentration is the same throughout the available volume. Atoms and small molecules can also move across a permeable cell membran






47. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






48. The pivot point about which a lever rotates.






49. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.






50. Immobilisation of a broken bone using something rigid.