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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Microbes that cause disease.






2. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.






3. A condition in which the cornea is irregularly curved.






4. The flow of blood back to the heart in the veins.






5. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.






6. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)






7. Visual defects caused by imperfections in the cornea and/or lens of the eye.






8. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.






9. Persistent inflammation over long periods of time that occurs when the tissues are unable to overcome the effects of an injurious agent.






10. Inflammation with a rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration.






11. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.






12. A method of purifying water - e.g. filtering - that involves individual people treating water as they use it - rather than having purified water delivered to them from a remote water-treatment plant in pipes.

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13. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.






14. The amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs in the first second of expiration - abbreviated to FEV1.






15. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.






16. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






17. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.






18. A test that measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in a sample of blood from an artery - e.g. in the wrist. Used to evaluate the efficiency of gas exchange between the blood and the lungs.






19. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






20. The curved transparent layer that covers the front part of the eye. This (together with the lens) refracts light to form of an image on the retina - as well as protecting the eye from frontal damage.






21. A sudden change in potential difference (voltage) across the cell membrane of neurons - consisting of an increase in the resting potential and a sudden return to the resting value. Transmitted along axons and constitute the principal 'language' of co






22. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.






23. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.






24. The number of new cases in a given period - usually a year - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population






25. The spread of malignant - cancerous cells to other parts of the body by way of the blood or lymph vessels.






26. Industrial chemicals - commonly found as environmental pollutants - that disrupt the hormonal systems of animals - including humans.






27. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.






28. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.






29. Cells that cover all surfaces of the body. (CS 3 - 4 - 6 & 7)






30. The production of any colour by varying the relative intensities of the subtractive primaries (cyan - magenta and yellow).






31. A medically qualified person who has chosen to specialise in clinical radiology - the use of imaging to diagnose - treat and monitor various disease processes.






32. A complex specialised molecule embedded in the outer membrane of a cell - or in its internal structure - which has a unique three-dimensional shape and patterns of electrical charge that enable it to bind specifically to a particular signalling molec






33. A protein produced by a living organism that functions as a catalyst. It facilitates other molecules entering into chemical reactions with one another - but is itself unaffected by these reactions.






34. Often abbreviated to 'risk factors'; anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different population






35. A collection of neurons and other cells that is located within the protection of the backbone.






36. A chemical that reduces microbial contamination of water - surfaces - etc.






37. The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eyeball that contains the visual receptor cells (rods and cones).






38. A readily measured statistic or parameter that can be used in place of a more complex statistic - or to 'stand in for' one that is impossible to measure directly; e.g. disease statistics are often used as this for the 'health' of a population; the nu






39. A decreasing ability of the lens of the eye to accommodate - often associated with increasing age.






40. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).






41. The system of organs and structures in which gas exchange takes place. In mammals it consists of the airways - the lungs and the muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.






42. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.






43. A group of steroid hormones produced mainly by the ovaries (some are also produced by fat deposits in the body) - which are responsible for promoting the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics.






44. Diseases or disorders that develop as a result of the interaction over time of a combination of different risk factors - none of which on its own would be likely to cause the disease. These may include the inheritance of certain gene mutations from a






45. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organism which takes into account the sensitivity to radiation of different organs in the body. Multiplied by a tissue weighting factor for that organ. Then the amounts for all the affected organs are






46. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.






47. The experience of being in an unpleasant situation - over a period of days - weeks or longer - in which one is unable to exert control over circumstances which are not of one's choosing. The coping resources necessary to meet the demands of this unpl






48. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.






49. A proteinase (protein-degrading) enzyme that catalyses (facilitates) the breakdown of elastin and other related proteins.






50. A constantly repeating variation of some quantity that transfers energy from one position in a medium to another.