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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A small airway branching from a bronchus.






2. The number of photons passing through a given area per second.






3. A measure of the refracting power of a lens. Calculated as: 1 / focal length of the lens (in metres). The unit used is dioptres (symbol D). The power of a convex lens is positive; for a concave lens it is negative.






4. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.






5. A group of primates - to which modern humans belong - characterised by upright posture and a very large brain in relation to body size.






6. A graft where the donor tissue comes from the same person (as opposed to an allograft where it comes from another person).






7. A small unit of energy frequently used by physicists and denoted by the symbol eV.






8. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.






9. A difficult and controversial term to define - in spite of its everyday use. It describes all the information processing carried out by the brain.






10. A lens shape with a greater thickness at the centre than at each end.






11. Cells that can divide to produce daughter cells - which can then differentiate to become any of a range of different cell types.






12. An electrically charged atom or molecule. May be positively or negatively charged; e.g. Na+ (the positively charged sodium ion) and Cl- (the negatively charged chloride ion).






13. Colours of light (red - blue and green) which - when added together - make white light.






14. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short






15. A brain region with an essential role in the storage and retrieval of memories.






16. A small group of atoms bonded together which carry an overall electrical charge; e.g. the bicarbonate ion and the nitrate ion.






17. A measure of the real impact of a particular disease - disorder or disability on people's lives (DALY) - combining an estimate of the number of years lived with a reduced quality of life - taking into account the severity of the condition (every cond






18. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.






19. A non-invasive method of measuring the level of oxygenation of the blood by using light absorption to calculate the relative levels of haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin.






20. A) Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged. b) An organelle containing the genetic material - found in most animal and plant cells.






21. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.






22. The time between one peak of a wave and the next .






23. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil






24. Structures in the kidney that filter the blood and produce the urine.






25. Optimal corrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 - i.e. wearing optimal correcting lenses - the individual can distinguish letters on a test chart at 6 metres that a person with normal vision could read at 18 metres






26. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.






27. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.






28. Also known as 'organ systems'; combinations of organs and tissues that function in a coordinated way; e.g. the circulatory system - the nervous system - the respiratory system.






29. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).






30. The study of the fate of chemical contaminants in the natural environment and their effects on plants - animals and ecosystems.






31. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.






32. Each element has been assigned one of these - often the first letter - or two of the first letters of the name; for example - H stands for hydrogen - C for carbon - N for nitrogen - Ca for calcium and O for oxygen.






33. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl






34. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou






35. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.






36. A graphical method of showing whether two numerical variables are related to one another. They are called 'variables' because they can each have a range of possible values. Each data point represents a particular entity - such as a country - for whic






37. A readily measured statistic or parameter that can be used in place of a more complex statistic - or to 'stand in for' one that is impossible to measure directly; e.g. disease statistics are often used as this for the 'health' of a population; the nu






38. The eye chart used to determine how well a person can see at various distances. Named after a 19th-century Dutch ophthalmologist Hermann Snellen (1834-1908) who devised a test for visual acuity.






39. An aspect of a characteristic that represents an adaptive compromise between two opposing evolutionary pressures; e.g. the human pelvis represents a compromise between being narrow - Which is necessary for running at speed - and being wide - Which is






40. An excessive engagement in an activity despite negative consequences and a dependence upon the activity such that when access is denied - craving and withdrawal symptoms are seen. Most usually refers to dependency on a chemical substance but need not






41. Abbreviation of a eye-surgery technique where a flap is cut in the cornea and laser treatment applied beneath.






42. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi






43. Injury causing physical damage to the body.






44. Stimuli to pain that are associated with social loss such as bereavement - marital breakdown.






45. A stimulus that has no intrinsic power to trigger a particular response but which acquires this power after being associated with another stimulus. For example - a bell does not normally trigger salivation but - after pairing with food - it acquires






46. The skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis and provides the strength and elasticity of the skin.






47. Condition in which no colour at all can be seen.






48. The number of cases of a disease - disorder or disability in a population - relative to the total number of people at risk of developing it; usually expressed as the number of cases per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






49. That part of the nervous system which exerts an influence over a number of the internal organs of the body - such as the gut - heart and blood vessels. Functions without conscious intervention.






50. The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would exert if it were alone in a container.