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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.






2. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t






3. The amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs in the first second of expiration - abbreviated to FEV1.






4. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil






5. A test that measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in a sample of blood from an artery - e.g. in the wrist. Used to evaluate the efficiency of gas exchange between the blood and the lungs.






6. An alternative way of modelling the energy from an electromagnetic wave; small packets of energy and the energy of each depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.






7. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ






8. Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds - e.g. hydrogen (H2) - water (H2O) - carbon dioxide (CO2).






9. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.






10. The process of breaking down foods in the body into the molecules needed to maintain life.






11. Number of new cases of a condition diagnosed in a population in a given period - usually one year.






12. A study in which the participants do not know into which group they have been allocated - e.g. whether they have received a drug or a placebo.






13. A measure of the amount of energy from ionising radiation absorbed per kilogram of tissue. It is measured in units of grays where 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram.






14. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.






15. Much of the brain is divided down its midline into two halves - the left and right of this; also referred to as the 'left brain' and the 'right brain'.






16. Brain region involved in processing memories and emotional reactions.






17. The pressure exerted by a gas. It is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in a mixture of gases - e.g. oxygen - carbon dioxide - nitrogen and other gases that make up the air in the lungs.






18. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)






19. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.






20. Memory for events or issues related to oneself.






21. A non-invasive method of measuring the level of oxygenation of the blood by using light absorption to calculate the relative levels of haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin.






22. The share of all deaths in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






23. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.






24. The effects of ionising radiation are said to be this if there is a threshold below which there is no effect - and if above that threshold - the severity depends on the amount of radiation received.






25. A subunit of the litre - the standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; there are 100 of these in a litre.






26. Over time - a need for an increasing amount of drug to obtain the same level of effect - e.g. the amount of alcohol required to produce intoxication.






27. A protein produced in the liver that circulates around the body and blocks the destructive effects of certain proteinase enzymes such as elastase.






28. The transparent fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the lens of the eye.






29. Type of glaucoma in which the outflow of aqueous humour from the eye is blocked because the gap between the iris and the cornea has closed.






30. A test that evaluates how well the lungs work; also known as a pulmonary function test.






31. A measure of how well a person sees - determined by the minimum distance at which two lines (or points) can be distinguished at a test distance.






32. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.






33. Microscopic organisms (bacteria - fungi and protoctists) - together with viruses - whether pathogenic (disease-causing) or harmless; also known as microorganisms.






34. The ability of the brain to take information and perform informed calculations (e.g. calculating the width of a space in which to park a car).






35. Stimuli that are associated with actual or potential damage to body tissues.






36. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi






37. Molecules or proteins released by immune system cells in the region of an injury - infection or other damage to the tissues. They have several effects including dilation (widening) of blood vessels to increase blood supply to the region. They also at






38. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.






39. Radiation which can cause ionisation. From the electromagnetic spectrum this includes gamma rays - X-rays and some high-energy ultraviolet radiation.






40. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.






41. A very long macromolecule found in the cell nucleus - abbreviated to DNA. It is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics through the generations in all organisms. The genetic information is carried






42. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.






43. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).






44. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.






45. The system of muscles and bones and their various joints and linkages that facilitates support and movement in the body.






46. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.






47. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.






48. The eye chart used to determine how well a person can see at various distances. Named after a 19th-century Dutch ophthalmologist Hermann Snellen (1834-1908) who devised a test for visual acuity.






49. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.






50. An electrical difference across the membrane of cells that arises from an unequal concentration of ions on either side. It is also termed 'voltage'.