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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes. 2 minutes extra for reading the instructions.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A condition in which the cornea is irregularly curved.






2. A response to a stimulus or substance (such as alcohol) which occurs rapidly and produces severe - possibly life-threatening - symptoms.






3. The flow of blood back to the heart in the veins.






4. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.






5. Any cell that ingests and destroys foreign particles - bacteria and cell debris.






6. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.






7. The effects of ionising radiation are said to be this if there is a threshold below which there is no effect - and if above that threshold - the severity depends on the amount of radiation received.






8. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.






9. The time between one peak of a wave and the next .






10. The ability to stand - walk and run - supported only by the hind limbs.






11. An insoluble fibrous protein that forms clots following tissue damage.






12. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the






13. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.






14. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.






15. A visual impairment that interferes with day-to-day functions that an affected person considers to be normal.






16. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.






17. Matter formed from saliva mixed with mucus and any foreign material such as dust - Which is coughed up (expectorated) from the lower respiratory tract and usually ejected from the mouth.






18. A type of chemical bond formed between a partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge on another atom. In more detail - the bond is formed by the electrical attraction occurring between the partial positive charge remainin






19. The size and direction of a push or pull.






20. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






21. Disease or disorder that often has a gradual onset - involves slowly changing symptoms and lasts for a long time.






22. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.






23. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t






24. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.






25. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.






26. An infection of the lower respiratory tract (the bronchi and lungs) - e.g. pneumonia.






27. The process of inspiring or inhaling; the drawing in of air into the lungs.






28. Any factor Which is statistically associated with a particular outcome (e.g. the incidence of a disease) - but Which is not involved in its causation. The association can disguise the true cause (or causes) of the outcome.






29. A process at an interface of two media in which light is returned into the original medium without transmission or absorption.






30. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.






31. The concentration of ethanol in blood given in mg per 100 ml.






32. A beneficial effect deriving from a procedure with no intrinsic benefit. It relies upon the context in which the intervention is made; e.g. a sugar pill might serve as a placebo if the patient believes that it will bring some benefits. (






33. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.






34. To breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal.






35. The skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis and provides the strength and elasticity of the skin.






36. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.






37. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.






38. The new tissue formed as a wound repairs - containing tiny new blood vessels that give it a grainy appearance.






39. Certain kinds of activity with which the brain is engaged - i.e. the processing of information that is summarised by the term 'mind'. It is exemplified by thinking - memory - reasoning and interpreting.






40. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va






41. The process of detecting stimuli that cause actual or potential damage to the tissues of the body.






42. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - but who actually has the disease.






43. A stimulus that has no intrinsic power to trigger a particular response but which acquires this power after being associated with another stimulus. For example - a bell does not normally trigger salivation but - after pairing with food - it acquires






44. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.






45. An electrically charged atom or molecule. May be positively or negatively charged; e.g. Na+ (the positively charged sodium ion) and Cl- (the negatively charged chloride ion).






46. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.






47. The cultivation of land for the purpose of crop production and/or the rearing of livestock - primarily for food - but also to provide materials - e.g. for fuel - clothing and shelter.






48. Stimuli to pain that are associated with social loss such as bereavement - marital breakdown.






49. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






50. A visual impairment in which the lens of the eye loses transparency and exhibits reduced light transmission.






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