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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The system of muscles and bones and their various joints and linkages that facilitates support and movement in the body.
musculoskeletal system
fovea
fibroblast
photon
2. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short
disinfectant
bacteria
primates
amygdale
3. The number of cases of a disease - disorder or disability in a population - relative to the total number of people at risk of developing it; usually expressed as the number of cases per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.
incidence
craving
biopsy
morbidity rate
4. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.
vasopressin
carcinoma
bond length
oxyhaemoglobin
5. A class of neurons that convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles.
interneuron
motor neuron
hydrogen bond
attenuation
6. The amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs in the first second of expiration - abbreviated to FEV1.
information processing
covalent bond
forced expiratory volume in one second
force
7. A painful eye condition caused by repeated infections with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis .
trachoma
dementia
SI Units
wind-up
8. A global strategy to combat trachoma - involving eyelid surgery - antibiotic treatment - attention to facial cleanliness and environmental changes.
absorbed dose
nucleus
hypothesis
SAFE
9. An epidemic on a world-wide scale.
pandemic
fibrin
osteoporosis
extracellular matrix
10. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.
hormone
litre
chronic bronchitis
inflammation
11. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.
cellular respiration
tendons
excitatory synapse
fetal alcohol syndrome
12. Leading global causes of visual impairment that have been identified by the WHO's Vision 2020 project as targets that can be prevented or treated. They include refractive errors and low vision - cataract - glaucoma - AMD - diabetic retinopathy and tr
bone marrow
elastase
placebo effect
priority eye diseases
13. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)
hypnosis
malignant cancer
colour blind
synapse
14. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that
veins
natural selection
respiratory centres
epinephrine
15. Colours of light (red - blue and green) which - when added together - make white light.
bronchiole
chemical bond
additive primary colours
structural formula
16. A multi-disciplinary programme of care for patients with chronic respiratory conditions - Which is tailored to the individual and combines exercise and education to address all aspects of living with the condition.
pulmonary rehabilitation
bipedality
total lung capacity
oestrogens
17. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.
single-strand break
infant mortality rate
proxy measure
open angle glaucoma
18. A reduction in the number of photons passing through a material. It is caused by both absorption and scattering.
cast
attenuation
natural selection
excitatory synapse
19. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.
optometrist
diarrhoeal diseases
image
chemical formula
20. The binding that occurs between a signalling molecule and its specific receptor. The specificity of the binding is analogous to that of a particular key in a particular lock; e.g. the binding between a neurotransmitter and its receptor - or a hormone
lock-and-key interaction
mutagen
axon terminal
phantom pain
21. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).
hepatitis
aqueous humour
double-blind study
somatic nervous system
22. Radiation which can cause ionisation. From the electromagnetic spectrum this includes gamma rays - X-rays and some high-energy ultraviolet radiation.
optical power
Schwann cells
transpiration
ionising radiation
23. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.
atmospheric pressure
molecule
accommodation
phantom pain
24. The process of breaking down foods in the body into the molecules needed to maintain life.
sweat glands
metabolism
neutron
child mortality rate
25. The total volume of gas contained in the lungs after a full inspiration (it is equal to vital capacity plus residual volume). (Abbreviated to TLC)
total lung capacity
catalyst
veins
stem cells
26. A scale from 0 to 14 describing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution - where 7 is neutral - greater than 7 is more basic (alkaline) and less than 7 is more acidic.
concave
bipedality
pH scale
cataract
27. A small group of atoms bonded together which carry an overall electrical charge; e.g. the bicarbonate ion and the nitrate ion.
open angle glaucoma
polyatomic ions
deoxyribonucleic acid
epidermis
28. A tissue that covers a surface or lines a space inside the body - forming a barrier or interface across which substances are absorbed or secreted - e.g. the skin - gut lining - and various glands.
cancer cell
nearwork activity
colour deficiency
epithelial tissue
29. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.
extracellular matrix
cones
evolutionary trade-off
acidosis
30. A protein produced in the liver that circulates around the body and blocks the destructive effects of certain proteinase enzymes such as elastase.
specificity
alpha-1 antitrypsin
population age-structures
selection pressure
31. A hormone secreted by the suprarenal gland (formerly the adrenal gland) upon stimulation by the central nervous system in response to stress - anger - fear or exertion. It has many effects on the body - e.g. increasing heart rate and output. Also kno
legal blindness
systolic blood pressure
reflex
epinephrine
32. A clearly stated provisional explanation for a set of observations or data - devised for the purpose of testing its validity by the collection of additional data or by conducting an experiment.
bond length
reflex
hypothesis
cellular respiration
33. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.
inflammation
epidemic
trichiasis
pain matrix
34. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.
total lung capacity
biopsy
deoxygenated blood
additive primary colours
35. A factor that strengthens a tendency to engage in a particular behaviour.
cancer cell
reinforcer
pupil
gas pressure
36. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.
carcinoma
radiographer
proteinase
true positive
37. Molecules or proteins released by immune system cells in the region of an injury - infection or other damage to the tissues. They have several effects including dilation (widening) of blood vessels to increase blood supply to the region. They also at
closed fracture
noxious stimuli
inflammatory mediators
blind study
38. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.
iris
neurotransmitter
pupil
coronary heart disease
39. The blood pressure that is detected during heart contractions - Which is higher than the diastolic pressure.
false negative
trichromacy
morbidity
systolic blood pressure
40. A visual impairment that interferes with day-to-day functions that an affected person considers to be normal.
hominids
ecosystems
chemical symbol
visual disability
41. The use of a spirometer to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.
urbanisation
hydrogen bond
spirometry
sweat glands
42. A complex specialised molecule embedded in the outer membrane of a cell - or in its internal structure - which has a unique three-dimensional shape and patterns of electrical charge that enable it to bind specifically to a particular signalling molec
pulse oximetry
leukocytes
receptor
splint
43. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.
psychogenic pain
alpha-1 antitrypsin
fulcrum
carboxyhaemoglobin
44. The transparent gelatinous fluid within the eyeball (between the lens and the retina).
reflection
proteinase
vitreous humour
spirometry
45. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.
DNA repair protein
radiologist
greenstick fracture
cardiovascular system
46. The term given to those units of measurement that scientists all over the world have agreed to use in their publications; e.g. the second (s) - the kilogram (kg) - and the metre (m).
SI Units
photorefractive keratectomy
duct
neurotransmitter
47. The process of detecting stimuli that cause actual or potential damage to the tissues of the body.
organ
chemical bond
nociception
mortality
48. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.
mammals
hormone
diffusion
disability adjusted life year
49. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va
force
diastolic blood pressure
choroid
cell
50. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.
myopia
principal focal point
interneuron
adaptive value