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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A tissue that covers a surface or lines a space inside the body - forming a barrier or interface across which substances are absorbed or secreted - e.g. the skin - gut lining - and various glands.






2. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - but who actually has the disease.






3. Building replacement tissues to aid repair following damage.






4. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.






5. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.






6. A medically qualified person who has chosen to specialise in clinical radiology - the use of imaging to diagnose - treat and monitor various disease processes.






7. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.






8. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.






9. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the






10. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.






11. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






12. A protein produced in the liver that circulates around the body and blocks the destructive effects of certain proteinase enzymes such as elastase.






13. A variety of conditions associated with eyesight - from total loss of sight (blindness) to partial sight loss.






14. A visual impairment that interferes with day-to-day functions that an affected person considers to be normal.






15. Characteristic signs that follow the termination of taking a drug - most usually associated with a negative mood. There can also be characteristic physiological signs associated with particular drugs - e.g. sweating and shivering.






16. The areas of the medulla region in the brain that integrate sensory information from chemoreceptors monitoring the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. They send out appropriate signals to regulate the rate of contraction of the respirato






17. The type of muscle tissue that is responsible for moving parts of the musculoskeletal system.






18. Categorised into three progressive stages: fatty liver - hepatitis and cirrhosis.






19. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.






20. A break in one of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






21. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.






22. For a screening procedure such as mammography - this value is the number of true negative results expressed as a percentage of the total number of negative results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person






23. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.






24. Visual defects caused by imperfections in the cornea and/or lens of the eye.






25. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.






26. A therapeutic technique where low-level stimulation is given to the skin and which has the effect of reducing pain (abbreviated to TENS).






27. A state in which addicts come to depend upon a drug for their 'normal' mental functioning.






28. A thick ring of muscle that controls pupil size - thereby regulating the amount of light that enters the eye. It forms the coloured portion of the eye.






29. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






30. A lens shape with a greater thickness at each end than through the centre.






31. The total amount of air that can be taken in to the lungs during a maximum inspiration - or expelled during a maximal expiration. (Abbreviated to VC)






32. The eye chart used to determine how well a person can see at various distances. Named after a 19th-century Dutch ophthalmologist Hermann Snellen (1834-1908) who devised a test for visual acuity.






33. Any unintended and undesirable consequences of medical treatment; also known in medicine as an adverse effect or reaction.






34. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.






35. A condition in which the optic nerve becomes damaged - usually because the pressure of fluid within the eye becomes too high - leading to a progressive loss of vision.






36. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.






37. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.






38. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.






39. Haemoglobin bound to oxygen molecules. Transports oxygen from blood vessels in the lungs to the cells in the rest of the body.






40. Tissue that is found at joints and during bone repair. Its structure is a bit like bone without the mineral component - giving a smooth and resilient surface to the ends of bones to aid movement at joints.






41. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil






42. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va






43. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






44. The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would exert if it were alone in a container.






45. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.






46. Industrial chemicals - commonly found as environmental pollutants - that disrupt the hormonal systems of animals - including humans.






47. A visual impairment in which the lens of the eye loses transparency and exhibits reduced light transmission.






48. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.






49. A drug that widens the airways of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles.






50. The thinnest blood vessels.






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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