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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given






2. The body system consisting of the heart - blood vessels and blood. It circulates blood throughout the body and is also known as the circulatory system.






3. An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.(






4. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.






5. The spread of malignant - cancerous cells to other parts of the body by way of the blood or lymph vessels.






6. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






7. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.






8. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.






9. A process in which light passes through a medium unaffected - e.g. light passing through clear glass.






10. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.






11. The total volume of gas contained in the lungs after a full inspiration (it is equal to vital capacity plus residual volume). (Abbreviated to TLC)






12. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.






13. A process at an interface of two media in which light is returned into the original medium without transmission or absorption.






14. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.






15. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.






16. A method of purifying water - e.g. filtering - that involves individual people treating water as they use it - rather than having purified water delivered to them from a remote water-treatment plant in pipes.


17. The distance between atoms in a molecule.






18. An insoluble fibrous protein that forms clots following tissue damage.






19. Categorised into three progressive stages: fatty liver - hepatitis and cirrhosis.






20. Counts of deaths.






21. The cultivation of land for the purpose of crop production and/or the rearing of livestock - primarily for food - but also to provide materials - e.g. for fuel - clothing and shelter.






22. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)






23. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.






24. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.






25. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






26. The thinnest blood vessels.






27. The removal of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule.






28. The outer layer of the brain - also known as the 'cerebral cortex'. (






29. The type of muscle tissue that is responsible for moving parts of the musculoskeletal system.






30. Refers to an infectious disease that can be transmitted by physical contact.






31. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






32. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.






33. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






34. A lens shape with a greater thickness at each end than through the centre.






35. The energy needed to break a bond between two atoms.






36. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.






37. Each element has been assigned one of these - often the first letter - or two of the first letters of the name; for example - H stands for hydrogen - C for carbon - N for nitrogen - Ca for calcium and O for oxygen.






38. Pain that arises from damage to neurons either within the central nervous system or in the periphery of the body.






39. A study in which the participants do not know into which group they have been allocated - e.g. whether they have received a drug or a placebo.






40. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.






41. An alternative way of modelling the energy from an electromagnetic wave; small packets of energy and the energy of each depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.






42. The dimension of positive and negative feelings - exemplified by - respectively - happiness and pain.






43. The cells associated with peripheral neurons that wrap themselves around the axons.






44. An agent - such as a chemical - ultraviolet light - or a radioactive substance that can induce - or increase the frequency of - mutations in DNA.






45. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).






46. Tells you which type of atoms are bonded together to make up a compound or molecule - using symbols for its constituent elements. It also shows How many of each type of atom there are (e.g. the formula for carbon dioxide - CO2 - shows it has one carb






47. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.






48. Any unintended and undesirable consequences of medical treatment; also known in medicine as an adverse effect or reaction.






49. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.






50. A region of cortex at the front of the brain - where the activity of neurons is associated with voluntary control of behaviour (self-control) and restraint. Biological evidence suggests that mild to moderate doses of alcohol selectively depress the a