Test your basic knowledge |

Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.






2. For a screening procedure such as mammography - the number of true positive results expressed as a percentage of the total number of positive results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person with a positiv






3. The blood pressure that is detected during heart contractions - Which is higher than the diastolic pressure.






4. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (






5. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.






6. The amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs in the first second of expiration - abbreviated to FEV1.






7. A condition in which the optic nerve becomes damaged - usually because the pressure of fluid within the eye becomes too high - leading to a progressive loss of vision.






8. A test that evaluates how well the lungs work; also known as a pulmonary function test.






9. An intense conscious occupation with thoughts of the object of an addiction.






10. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.






11. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






12. The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eyeball that contains the visual receptor cells (rods and cones).






13. Stimuli that are associated with actual or potential damage to body tissues.






14. A type of cell that can migrate into wound sites and make new extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen.






15. Blood that contains a high level of oxygen and in which most of the haemoglobin has been converted into oxyhaemoglobin by bonding to oxygen.






16. The body system consisting of the heart - blood vessels and blood. It circulates blood throughout the body and is also known as the circulatory system.






17. Pain that arises from damage to neurons either within the central nervous system or in the periphery of the body.






18. The movement of atoms or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration - until the concentration is the same throughout the available volume. Atoms and small molecules can also move across a permeable cell membran






19. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






20. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.






21. A property of the body in which a number of its important parameters are held near to constant and any deviation from their normal value triggers action that tends to restore normality. It is exemplified by the maintenance of body temperature - or of






22. A drug that acts to reduce the signs of inflammation - e.g. swelling - redness - heat and pain.






23. A term that refers to the fact that the connections between neurons are not static. Rather - they are subject to change as result of activity within the neurons concerned. It can mean - over a period of time - increased sensitivity of connections bet






24. Any unintended and undesirable consequences of medical treatment; also known in medicine as an adverse effect or reaction.






25. A process at an interface of two media in which the direction of light is deviated within the new medium.






26. A complex specialised molecule embedded in the outer membrane of a cell - or in its internal structure - which has a unique three-dimensional shape and patterns of electrical charge that enable it to bind specifically to a particular signalling molec






27. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the






28. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver






29. A bond between two atoms formed when an outer electron from each of the atoms is shared between them to form an electron pair bond.






30. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).






31. The material outside the cells in a tissue in which the cells are embedded. It is mainly made from proteins made by and arranged by the cells.






32. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.






33. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it






34. The flat cells that line the cardiovascular system.






35. Severe psychological shock.






36. X-ray imaging of the breast.






37. Disease - disorder or disability.






38. Over time - a need for an increasing amount of drug to obtain the same level of effect - e.g. the amount of alcohol required to produce intoxication.






39. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






40. Type of glaucoma in which the outflow of aqueous humour from the eye is blocked because the gap between the iris and the cornea has closed.






41. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.






42. Molecules or proteins released by immune system cells in the region of an injury - infection or other damage to the tissues. They have several effects including dilation (widening) of blood vessels to increase blood supply to the region. They also at






43. A) A process in which the photon energy is captured by a medium - without transmission or reflection. b) The process by which the molecules released from digested food pass through the wall of the gut and into the surrounding blood vessels.






44. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.






45. Microbes that cause disease.






46. The organelles found inside myofibres that run the length of the cell and cause contraction.






47. An infection of the lower respiratory tract (the bronchi and lungs) - e.g. pneumonia.






48. The process of inspiring or inhaling; the drawing in of air into the lungs.






49. A screening procedure has high of this if - in people who do not have the disease being screened for - the procedure is very likely not to detect disease - that is - to give a negative result. Numerically - this is calculated by expressing the number






50. The total amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs - abbreviated to FVC.