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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that






2. The experience of being in an unpleasant situation - over a period of days - weeks or longer - in which one is unable to exert control over circumstances which are not of one's choosing. The coping resources necessary to meet the demands of this unpl






3. A measure of how well a person sees - determined by the minimum distance at which two lines (or points) can be distinguished at a test distance.






4. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)






5. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.






6. Colours of light (red - blue and green) which - when added together - make white light.






7. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






8. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.






9. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled at each breath when resting (abbreviated to TV).






10. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.






11. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(






12. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.






13. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.






14. Tells you which type of atoms are bonded together to make up a compound or molecule - using symbols for its constituent elements. It also shows How many of each type of atom there are (e.g. the formula for carbon dioxide - CO2 - shows it has one carb






15. Condition in which no colour at all can be seen.






16. The integrated body system of organs - tissues - cells and proteins that functions to protect the body from potentially pathogenic organisms (microbes) or harmful substances.






17. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi






18. A value which can be used to calculate the degree to which X-rays (or other radiation) are reduced in intensity when passing through a material (e.g. human tissue).






19. An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.(






20. A drug that widens the airways of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles.






21. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou






22. The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.






23. The behaviour of electromagnetic radiation cannot be adequately described in all situations by any one model. In some situations the wave model is appropriate - in others the particle model - which describes the radiation as photons - must be used.






24. The outer layer of the brain - also known as the 'cerebral cortex'. (






25. A condition in which the cornea is irregularly curved.






26. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si






27. A form of energy that can be described as either a wave or as a flow of 'packets' of energy. It includes gamma rays - X-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves and radio waves. The different types of radiation are distinguished by






28. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the






29. Pain of relatively short duration and associated with actual damage to tissues.






30. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).






31. Bonding Which is due to the electrical attraction of equal and opposite electrical charges and which holds the ions in salt crystals together.






32. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl






33. An experience Which is accessible only to the person who experiences it in terms of the contents of his or her conscious mind. Such experience is not open to objective observation or measurement by any other individual and hence is contrasted with 'o






34. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.






35. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.






36. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.






37. Matter formed from saliva mixed with mucus and any foreign material such as dust - Which is coughed up (expectorated) from the lower respiratory tract and usually ejected from the mouth.






38. The entire range or extent of some quantity - arranged in order; e.g. electromagnetic or visible light.






39. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.






40. The concentration of ethanol in blood given in mg per 100 ml.






41. Haemoglobin bound to oxygen molecules. Transports oxygen from blood vessels in the lungs to the cells in the rest of the body.






42. The problem of trying to explain how the subjective feelings of consciousness arise from the physical matter of the brain.






43. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.






44. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.






45. The thinnest blood vessels.






46. The flat cells that line the cardiovascular system.






47. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.






48. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)






49. The skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis and provides the strength and elasticity of the skin.






50. The organelles found inside myofibres that run the length of the cell and cause contraction.