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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
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Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Colours of light (red - blue and green) which - when added together - make white light.
additive primary colours
analgesics
polyatomic ions
forced expiratory volume in one second
2. The thinnest blood vessels.
negative feedback
capillaries
focal length
child mortality rate
3. The ability of the brain to take information and perform informed calculations (e.g. calculating the width of a space in which to park a car).
information processing
sweat glands
SAFE
iris
4. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level
endocrine system
epidemic
negative feedback
natural selection
5. Bonding Which is due to the electrical attraction of equal and opposite electrical charges and which holds the ions in salt crystals together.
ionic bonding
negative predictive value
open angle glaucoma
acute inflammation
6. The part of a neuron that consists of a long wire-like projection - ending in a terminal which participates in a synapse with another cell. Action potentials are transmitted along these.
cerebral hemisphere
axon
diffusion
extinction
7. A complex molecule composed of smaller molecules (globin and haem) and iron atoms. It is a component of erythrocytes and its function is to bind reversibly to oxygen.
single-strand break
granulation tissue
haemoglobin
electromagnetic radiation
8. The organelles found inside myofibres that run the length of the cell and cause contraction.
collagen
myofibrils
reflex
enzyme
9. A volume in which there are no atoms or molecules.
oxidation
attenuation coefficient
refraction
vacuum
10. The transparent fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the lens of the eye.
sievert
acute inflammation
aqueous humour
cortex
11. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.
cell membrane
osteoclasts
atom
developed countries
12. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.
contagious
chronic bronchitis
pyloric sphincter
mammals
13. The curved transparent layer that covers the front part of the eye. This (together with the lens) refracts light to form of an image on the retina - as well as protecting the eye from frontal damage.
cortex
selection pressure
toxin
cornea
14. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.
receptor
proteins
alveolus
deoxyribonucleic acid
15. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.
duct
spinal cord
traumatic injury
double-strand break
16. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.
capillaries
child mortality rate
ecosystems
spirometer
17. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.
image
radiologist
DNA repair protein
hypoxia
18. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues.
population screening
open fracture
acidosis
cortex
19. The time between one peak of a wave and the next .
attenuation
refraction
period
acute condition
20. A narrow beam of light used to show the direction of travel of light from a source.
mortality rate
ophthalmologist
light ray
cones
21. The experience of being in an unpleasant situation - over a period of days - weeks or longer - in which one is unable to exert control over circumstances which are not of one's choosing. The coping resources necessary to meet the demands of this unpl
stress
osteoblasts
prefrontal cortex
carcinoma
22. A group of primates - to which modern humans belong - characterised by upright posture and a very large brain in relation to body size.
attenuation coefficient
conjunctivitis
stress response
hominids
23. The eye chart used to determine how well a person can see at various distances. Named after a 19th-century Dutch ophthalmologist Hermann Snellen (1834-1908) who devised a test for visual acuity.
pandemic
noxious stimuli
oxyhaemoglobin
Snellen letter chart
24. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.
skeletal muscle
opioid
plasticity
hypovolaemic shock
25. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.
pulmonary hypertension
systolic blood pressure
atomic nucleus
deoxygenated blood
26. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.
cognition
greenstick fracture
legal blindness
microbes
27. A bundle of the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. (Occasionally employed informally to refer to a bundle of axons within the central nervous system.)
mortality data
nerve
dependence
splint
28. A two-dimensional map or projection of an object.
optometrist
antagonist
image
alveolus
29. A property of the body in which a number of its important parameters are held near to constant and any deviation from their normal value triggers action that tends to restore normality. It is exemplified by the maintenance of body temperature - or of
LASIK
homeostasis
bond
mortality data
30. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.
hormone
fibrin
confounding factor
evolutionary trade-off
31. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.
carboxyhaemoglobin
endothelial cells
tendons
pyloric sphincter
32. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.
false negative
tendons
trichromacy
heat capacity
33. Type of glaucoma in which the outflow of aqueous humour from the eye is blocked because the gap between the iris and the cornea has closed.
glaucoma
closed-angle glaucoma
physiology
chronic condition
34. Complex structures in the body formed from a number of different tissues - which form a distinct structure and serve a particular function - e.g. the heart - the brain - the lungs. (CS 2 & 4)
organ
adaptive characteristic
post-traumatic stress disorder
forced expiratory volume in one second
35. This refers to a random effect of ionising radiation. There is no radiation threshold at which the effect inevitably occurs - but the probability of an effect occurring increases with the amount of radiation received.
scatter plot
stochastic
effective dose
principal focal point
36. A fracture that occurs because the bone has been weakened through osteoporosis.
visual acuity
infectious dose
insufficiency fracture
sensory neuron
37. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.
prevalence rate
cortex
pyloric sphincter
pathogens
38. Each element has been assigned one of these - often the first letter - or two of the first letters of the name; for example - H stands for hydrogen - C for carbon - N for nitrogen - Ca for calcium and O for oxygen.
chemical symbol
double-strand break
hypovolaemic shock
gas transfer test
39. For a screening procedure such as mammography - the number of true positive results expressed as a percentage of the total number of positive results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person with a positiv
positive predictive value
legal blindness
polar molecule
proportional morbidity
40. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.
pupil
incidence rate
grays
hydroxyl group
41. An alternative way of modelling the energy from an electromagnetic wave; small packets of energy and the energy of each depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.
false positive
nearwork activity
hyperopia
photon
42. A stimulus that has no intrinsic power to trigger a particular response but which acquires this power after being associated with another stimulus. For example - a bell does not normally trigger salivation but - after pairing with food - it acquires
conditional stimulus
lymph node
hyperventilate
transmission
43. A bond between two atoms formed when an outer electron from each of the atoms is shared between them to form an electron pair bond.
bone marrow
chronic inflammation
covalent bond
Schwann cells
44. A sudden change in potential difference (voltage) across the cell membrane of neurons - consisting of an increase in the resting potential and a sudden return to the resting value. Transmitted along axons and constitute the principal 'language' of co
action potential
subjective experience
emphysema
excitatory synapse
45. A molecule that has both negatively and positively charged regions.
polar molecule
body mass index
neurotransmitter
potential difference
46. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - but who actually has the disease.
lens
hypnosis
pain matrix
false negative
47. The removal of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule.
presbyopia
ionisation
fatty liver
true positive
48. A therapeutic technique where low-level stimulation is given to the skin and which has the effect of reducing pain (abbreviated to TENS).
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
neurotransmitter
analgesia
double bond
49. Blood that contains very little oxygen.
reinforcer
ecotoxicology
osteoclasts
deoxygenated blood
50. A graphical method of showing whether two numerical variables are related to one another. They are called 'variables' because they can each have a range of possible values. Each data point represents a particular entity - such as a country - for whic
calcium ions
epidermis
scatter plot
antagonist
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