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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A non-invasive method of measuring the level of oxygenation of the blood by using light absorption to calculate the relative levels of haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin.






2. A tissue made up of cells embedded in a matrix of protein fibres which includes bones - fat and tendons; they connect - support - or surround other tissues and organs.






3. The total number of people who have a disease - disorder or disability at a particular point in time - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






4. The level of intensity of stimulation of a neuron at which it first shows activity. The term is used particularly in the context of sensory neurons.






5. A complex molecule composed of smaller molecules (globin and haem) and iron atoms. It is a component of erythrocytes and its function is to bind reversibly to oxygen.






6. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.






7. The statistical study of the occurrence - distribution - potential causes and control of diseases and disabilities in human populations (CS 1 - 3 - 4 & 6)






8. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.






9. An eye-surgery technique where the epithelial layer of the eye is removed and laser treatment applied to the tissues exposed beneath (abbreviated to PRK).






10. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.






11. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.






12. An approach to explanation which implies two closely related things: (i) both biological and psychological sciences have central roles in the explanation - and (ii) a given phenomenon to be studied within this perspective - such as pain - has both bi






13. Diseases in which the pathogen causing the disease lives part of its life cycle in water; e.g. cholera - cryptosporidiosis.






14. A clearly stated provisional explanation for a set of observations or data - devised for the purpose of testing its validity by the collection of additional data or by conducting an experiment.






15. The part of a neuron that consists of a long wire-like projection - ending in a terminal which participates in a synapse with another cell. Action potentials are transmitted along these.






16. The behaviour of electromagnetic radiation cannot be adequately described in all situations by any one model. In some situations the wave model is appropriate - in others the particle model - which describes the radiation as photons - must be used.






17. The distance between atoms in a molecule.






18. Countries that provide universal education for their children - with populations that have high rates of literacy - comprehensive health services and which meet certain other development indicators - such as 100% access to safe drinking water and san






19. Disease - disorder or disability.






20. A group of primates - to which modern humans belong - characterised by upright posture and a very large brain in relation to body size.






21. A response to a stimulus or substance (such as alcohol) which occurs rapidly and produces severe - possibly life-threatening - symptoms.






22. A complex specialised molecule embedded in the outer membrane of a cell - or in its internal structure - which has a unique three-dimensional shape and patterns of electrical charge that enable it to bind specifically to a particular signalling molec






23. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.






24. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.






25. Distance between one peak of a wave and the next peak - measured in metres (m).






26. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t






27. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.






28. The areas of the medulla region in the brain that integrate sensory information from chemoreceptors monitoring the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. They send out appropriate signals to regulate the rate of contraction of the respirato






29. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.






30. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






31. A) A transparent and flexible convex structure behind the iris that (together with the cornea) refracts light. b) A transparent object - usually made of glass or plastic - that refracts light. Found in spectacles - magnifying glasses and microscopes.






32. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil






33. The process of detecting stimuli that cause actual or potential damage to the tissues of the body.






34. A property of the body in which a number of its important parameters are held near to constant and any deviation from their normal value triggers action that tends to restore normality. It is exemplified by the maintenance of body temperature - or of






35. The experience of being in an unpleasant situation - over a period of days - weeks or longer - in which one is unable to exert control over circumstances which are not of one's choosing. The coping resources necessary to meet the demands of this unpl






36. A class of natural neurotransmitters that have a similar structure and action to morphine and heroin.






37. Inflammation with a rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration.






38. A visual impairment in which the lens of the eye loses transparency and exhibits reduced light transmission.






39. A chemical reaction involving the addition of oxygen.






40. A variety of conditions associated with eyesight - from total loss of sight (blindness) to partial sight loss.






41. A molecule that facilitates a reaction but Which is left unchanged at the end; catalysis refers to the action of this.






42. The number of cases of a disease - disorder or disability in a population - relative to the total number of people at risk of developing it; usually expressed as the number of cases per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






43. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.






44. Immobilisation of a broken bone using something rigid.






45. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.






46. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.






47. A class of neuron that is neither sensory nor motor.






48. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).






49. The number of photons passing through a given area per second.






50. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.