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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The energy needed to break a bond between two atoms.






2. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si






3. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.






4. The number of cases of a disease - disorder or disability in a population - relative to the total number of people at risk of developing it; usually expressed as the number of cases per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






5. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.






6. The flat cells that line the cardiovascular system.






7. Persistent inflammation over long periods of time that occurs when the tissues are unable to overcome the effects of an injurious agent.






8. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.






9. The effects of ionising radiation are said to be this if there is a threshold below which there is no effect - and if above that threshold - the severity depends on the amount of radiation received.






10. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.






11. A condition in which the conjunctiva is inflamed.






12. Microbes that cause disease.






13. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou






14. A condition in which a person exceeds a certain threshold for the proportion of body weight that consists of fat. In most assessments based on body mass index - a BMI of greater than 30 is defined as clinically obese.






15. Tissue in the centre of some large bones that contains cells (including stem cells) which are responsible for the production of white cells - red blood cells and a variety of other cells.






16. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.






17. Gradual changes that occur slowly over time and may be irreversible - often in response to repeated exposure to a stimulus or toxic substance (e.g. alcohol).






18. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.






19. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






20. The thinnest blood vessels.






21. A protein that is abundant in the extracellular matrix and can form long thin fibres to provide structure to many tissues.






22. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the






23. A collection of neurons and other cells that is located within the protection of the backbone.






24. The pressure exerted by a gas. It is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in a mixture of gases - e.g. oxygen - carbon dioxide - nitrogen and other gases that make up the air in the lungs.






25. Disease - disorder or disability.






26. The body system consisting of the heart - blood vessels and blood. It circulates blood throughout the body and is also known as the circulatory system.






27. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)






28. A lens shape with a greater thickness at the centre than at each end.






29. The total volume of gas contained in the lungs after a full inspiration (it is equal to vital capacity plus residual volume). (Abbreviated to TLC)






30. Visual defects caused by imperfections in the cornea and/or lens of the eye.






31. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.






32. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t






33. A term that refers to the fact that the connections between neurons are not static. Rather - they are subject to change as result of activity within the neurons concerned. It can mean - over a period of time - increased sensitivity of connections bet






34. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.






35. The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would exert if it were alone in a container.






36. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of two electrons - one from each atom at either end of the bond.






37. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(






38. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.






39. An electrical difference across the membrane of cells that arises from an unequal concentration of ions on either side. It is also termed 'voltage'.






40. An approach to explanation which implies two closely related things: (i) both biological and psychological sciences have central roles in the explanation - and (ii) a given phenomenon to be studied within this perspective - such as pain - has both bi






41. Number of new cases of a condition diagnosed in a population in a given period - usually one year.






42. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.






43. A measure of the refracting power of a lens. Calculated as: 1 / focal length of the lens (in metres). The unit used is dioptres (symbol D). The power of a convex lens is positive; for a concave lens it is negative.






44. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.






45. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.






46. The blood pressure that is detected between heart contractions (lower than the systolic blood pressure).






47. A beneficial effect deriving from a procedure with no intrinsic benefit. It relies upon the context in which the intervention is made; e.g. a sugar pill might serve as a placebo if the patient believes that it will bring some benefits. (






48. That part of the nervous system that exerts control over the skeletal muscles and thereby over behaviour.






49. A shell - typically made from plaster or fibreglass - which can be put around a limb in order to encase and support a broken bone until it has healed.






50. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.







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