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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
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Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A test that evaluates how well the lungs work; also known as a pulmonary function test.
open fracture
lung function test
mucus
selection pressure
2. The outer layer of the brain - also known as the 'cerebral cortex'. (
fatty liver
cortex
vital capacity
transpiration
3. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of two electrons - one from each atom at either end of the bond.
psychological trauma
covalent bond
single bond
double-blind study
4. A beneficial effect deriving from a procedure with no intrinsic benefit. It relies upon the context in which the intervention is made; e.g. a sugar pill might serve as a placebo if the patient believes that it will bring some benefits. (
placebo effect
proteins
conditional stimulus
epidemiology
5. Diseases or disorders that develop as a result of the interaction over time of a combination of different risk factors - none of which on its own would be likely to cause the disease. These may include the inheritance of certain gene mutations from a
epithelial tissue
millilitres
multifactorial disease
potential difference
6. Negatively charged particle of almost no mass that surround the nucleus of an atom.
focal length
electron
diabetic retinopathy
diastolic blood pressure
7. Any fracture where the overlying skin is broken.
peripheral nervous system
withdrawal symptoms
insufficiency fracture
open fracture
8. A tissue made up of cells embedded in a matrix of protein fibres which includes bones - fat and tendons; they connect - support - or surround other tissues and organs.
lens
connective tissue
anti-inflammatory
chronic effects
9. Tells you which type of atoms are bonded together to make up a compound or molecule - using symbols for its constituent elements. It also shows How many of each type of atom there are (e.g. the formula for carbon dioxide - CO2 - shows it has one carb
chemical formula
connective tissue
hepatitis
ion
10. A chemical that has the effect of blocking the action of a natural substance such as a neurochemical. (
acidosis
chemoreceptor
wet AMD
antagonist
11. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - but who actually has the disease.
phantom pain
complementary colours
age-related macular degeneration
false negative
12. The systematic application of a test or investigation to people who have not sought medical attention - in order to identify those whose risk of developing a particular disease is sufficient to justify further action.
urbanisation
screening
residual volume
osteoblasts
13. The production of any colour by varying the relative intensities of the subtractive primaries (cyan - magenta and yellow).
developing countries
trichromacy
double-strand break
emphysema
14. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.
homeostasis
hard problem of consciousness
veins
hypothesis
15. A substance (usually liquid) in which other substances dissolve.
DNA repair protein
polymer
nociception
solvent
16. The time between one peak of a wave and the next .
period
cancellous
low vision
single-strand break
17. The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eyeball that contains the visual receptor cells (rods and cones).
spinal cord
retina
information processing
arterial blood gas test
18. Screening that takes place haphazardly when an opportunity arises - for example - when a patient consults a doctor about something unrelated and is referred for a screening test.
opportunistic screening
chronic condition
photon
neurotransmitter
19. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil
true negative
pain matrix
chemical formula
equivalent dose
20. Diseases in which the pathogen causing the disease lives part of its life cycle in water; e.g. cholera - cryptosporidiosis.
water-borne infectious diseases
chronic effects
osteoclasts
accommodation
21. The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would exert if it were alone in a container.
double-strand break
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
partial pressure
legal blindness
22. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.
chronic inflammation
element
arteries
fibrosis
23. Certain kinds of activity with which the brain is engaged - i.e. the processing of information that is summarised by the term 'mind'. It is exemplified by thinking - memory - reasoning and interpreting.
motor neuron
stochastic
proportional mortality
cognition
24. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.
bioaccumulation
iris
inflammation
neurogenic pain
25. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.
pathogens
psychogenic pain
epidemic
particulates
26. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given
blind study
proxy measure
radiologist
gene
27. Often abbreviated to 'compound': a substance made up of two or more elements; it may be composed of molecules or ions.
nearwork activity
pandemic
bond dissociation energy
chemical compound
28. The change of thickness of the lens of the eye so that focal length changes. This allows light from objects at different distances to be sharply focused in turn on the retina.
age-standardisation
disinfectant
wet AMD
accommodation
29. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.
tissue
grays
bioaccumulation
pulmonary hypertension
30. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.
legal blindness
presbyopia
adaptive value
image
31. A difficult and controversial term to define - in spite of its everyday use. It describes all the information processing carried out by the brain.
mind
opioid
nephrons
systolic blood pressure
32. Tissues that are like tendons in terms of structure but connect bones to each other (rather than bones to muscles).
amygdale
reflex
ligaments
convex
33. The curved transparent layer that covers the front part of the eye. This (together with the lens) refracts light to form of an image on the retina - as well as protecting the eye from frontal damage.
evolutionary trade-off
positive predictive value
cornea
alcoholic poisoning
34. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.
inhibitory synapse
agonist
spirometer
diaphragm
35. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.
morbidity rate
biomass fuel
polymer
excretion
36. A graphical method of showing whether two numerical variables are related to one another. They are called 'variables' because they can each have a range of possible values. Each data point represents a particular entity - such as a country - for whic
child mortality rate
false positive
attenuation
scatter plot
37. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it
chronic bronchitis
extinction
disinfectant
classical conditioning
38. Leading global causes of visual impairment that have been identified by the WHO's Vision 2020 project as targets that can be prevented or treated. They include refractive errors and low vision - cataract - glaucoma - AMD - diabetic retinopathy and tr
transpiration
visual acuity
priority eye diseases
craving
39. Categorised into three progressive stages: fatty liver - hepatitis and cirrhosis.
dementia
iris
alcoholic liver disease
incidence rate
40. Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person (also known as 'non-infectious diseases' or 'chronic conditions' or 'long-term conditions'); they mainly develop slowly over time and persist for a long period - or are irreversible; e.g. canc
period
homeostasis
non-communicable diseases
phantom pain
41. A bond between two atoms formed when an outer electron from each of the atoms is shared between them to form an electron pair bond.
electronvolt
covalent bond
open fracture
stem cells
42. The concentration of ethanol in blood given in mg per 100 ml.
hepatitis
potential difference
blood-alcohol concentration
fracture
43. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
accommodation
LASIK
fracture
44. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.
cancellous
laser
age-related macular degeneration
regenerative medicine
45. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an excitatory effect on a postsynaptic cell - e.g. it excites further action potentials in a second cell.
cirrhosis
cardiovascular system
excitatory synapse
ecosystems
46. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.
sievert
spirometer
hard problem of consciousness
mutagen
47. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.
nucleus
fulcrum
adaptive characteristic
trauma
48. The integrated body system of organs - tissues - cells and proteins that functions to protect the body from potentially pathogenic organisms (microbes) or harmful substances.
bar chart
immune system
deoxyribonucleic acid
Snellen letter chart
49. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.
population age-structures
compact bone
duct
levers
50. The total amount of air that can be taken in to the lungs during a maximum inspiration - or expelled during a maximal expiration. (Abbreviated to VC)
bronchiole
cataract
vital capacity
alveolus
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