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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.






2. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.






3. For a screening procedure such as mammography - the number of true positive results expressed as a percentage of the total number of positive results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person with a positiv






4. Disease or disorder that often has a gradual onset - involves slowly changing symptoms and lasts for a long time.






5. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl






6. Matter formed from saliva mixed with mucus and any foreign material such as dust - Which is coughed up (expectorated) from the lower respiratory tract and usually ejected from the mouth.






7. Brain region involved in processing memories and emotional reactions.






8. The expansion of narrow blood vessels immediately beneath the skin; as they dilate they can carry more blood.






9. A type of chemical bond formed between a partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge on another atom. In more detail - the bond is formed by the electrical attraction occurring between the partial positive charge remainin






10. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given






11. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t






12. Over time - a need for an increasing amount of drug to obtain the same level of effect - e.g. the amount of alcohol required to produce intoxication.






13. The process by which collagen is produced by fibroblasts following tissue damage - often resulting in scar formation.






14. A complex molecule composed of smaller molecules (globin and haem) and iron atoms. It is a component of erythrocytes and its function is to bind reversibly to oxygen.






15. A graft where the donor tissue comes from another person (as opposed to an autograft where it comes from the same person).






16. A process at an interface of two media in which light is returned into the original medium without transmission or absorption.






17. A change in the sequences of bases in the DNA of an organism - resulting in an alteration in the manufacture or function of a body protein. Also refers to the process by which such a change in DNA sequence occurs due to the action of a mutagen - e.g.






18. A variety of conditions associated with eyesight - from total loss of sight (blindness) to partial sight loss.






19. The total amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs - abbreviated to FVC.






20. An experience Which is accessible only to the person who experiences it in terms of the contents of his or her conscious mind. Such experience is not open to objective observation or measurement by any other individual and hence is contrasted with 'o






21. A molecule that facilitates a reaction but Which is left unchanged at the end; catalysis refers to the action of this.






22. Tissue in the centre of some large bones that contains cells (including stem cells) which are responsible for the production of white cells - red blood cells and a variety of other cells.






23. Negatively charged particle of almost no mass that surround the nucleus of an atom.






24. Memory for events or issues related to oneself.






25. A measure of the refracting power of a lens. Calculated as: 1 / focal length of the lens (in metres). The unit used is dioptres (symbol D). The power of a convex lens is positive; for a concave lens it is negative.






26. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.






27. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ






28. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.






29. Tissues that are like tendons in terms of structure but connect bones to each other (rather than bones to muscles).






30. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.






31. A painful eye condition caused by repeated infections with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis .






32. A subdivision of a rounded mass of tissue. For example - in the breast - this is used to describe an individual branched subsection of the mammary gland.






33. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






34. The amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs in the first second of expiration - abbreviated to FEV1.






35. Fuel derived from plant matter or animal waste - e.g. wood - straw - dried animal dung.






36. A break in one of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






37. Characteristic signs that follow the termination of taking a drug - most usually associated with a negative mood. There can also be characteristic physiological signs associated with particular drugs - e.g. sweating and shivering.






38. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.






39. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.






40. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.






41. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a body - or a quantity of liquid - by 1 A






42. A test that measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in a sample of blood from an artery - e.g. in the wrist. Used to evaluate the efficiency of gas exchange between the blood and the lungs.






43. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.






44. A protein produced by a living organism that functions as a catalyst. It facilitates other molecules entering into chemical reactions with one another - but is itself unaffected by these reactions.






45. An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.(






46. Pain that arises from tissue damage in one part of the body - but Which is felt to be arising in a different part of the body. It is said to be 'referred to' a part that is not damaged.






47. A lens shape with a greater thickness at the centre than at each end.






48. A technique where people learn to change their thought patterns and behaviour to create feelings of coping and self-efficacy; e.g. people in chronic pain might be taught to place a less catastrophic interpretation on their pain.






49. An intense conscious occupation with thoughts of the object of an addiction.






50. Gradual changes that occur slowly over time and may be irreversible - often in response to repeated exposure to a stimulus or toxic substance (e.g. alcohol).