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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - but who actually does not have the disease.
false positive
acute condition
pH scale
hepatitis
2. A substance composed of positively and negatively charged ions - held together by the electrical attraction between opposite charges. Salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) - in which the ions are organised in a regular crystal lattice - are this.
malignant cancer
psychogenic stimuli
ionic compound
hyperopia
3. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the
ionisation
Snellen letter chart
gate theory
bone marrow
4. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.
visual disability
psychogenic pain
proteins
elastase
5. A proteinase (protein-degrading) enzyme that catalyses (facilitates) the breakdown of elastin and other related proteins.
enzyme
elastase
concave
hormone
6. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.
closed fracture
fracture
osteoclasts
metastasis
7. A) A transparent and flexible convex structure behind the iris that (together with the cornea) refracts light. b) A transparent object - usually made of glass or plastic - that refracts light. Found in spectacles - magnifying glasses and microscopes.
drainage angle
lens
sievert
single bond
8. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t
chemical bond
adaptive characteristic
wind-up
relative risk
9. The integrated body system of organs - tissues - cells and proteins that functions to protect the body from potentially pathogenic organisms (microbes) or harmful substances.
bond dissociation energy
chronic effects
immune system
reward
10. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.
tissue engineering
vasopressin
fracture
proteins
11. The part of a neuron that consists of a long wire-like projection - ending in a terminal which participates in a synapse with another cell. Action potentials are transmitted along these.
LASIK
centilitre
specificity
axon
12. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou
electronvolt
bacteria
negative feedback
wave
13. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ
referred pain
body mass index
prevalence rate
principal focal point
14. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)
cellular respiration
mortality
oxygenated blood
acute effects
15. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.
inflammation
blind study
nociceptive pain
Snellen letter chart
16. The flow of blood back to the heart in the veins.
venous return
pandemic
non-communicable diseases
mammography
17. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.
cognitive-behavioural therapy
pulmonary rehabilitation
xenobiotic
acute inflammation
18. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.
infectious dose
insufficiency fracture
convex
hypovolaemic shock
19. Death.
presynaptic neuron
mortality
receptor
media
20. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - but who actually has the disease.
tolerance
false negative
epithelial cells
pain
21. The size and direction of a push or pull.
acute inflammation
incubation period
proteins
force
22. Stimuli to pain that are associated with social loss such as bereavement - marital breakdown.
psychogenic stimuli
mutation
gate theory
bond length
23. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.
dementia
amygdale
receptor
ecosystems
24. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.
vasodilation
neutron
expiration
oestrogens
25. Disease or disorder that often has a gradual onset - involves slowly changing symptoms and lasts for a long time.
cornea
chronic condition
musculoskeletal system
ophthalmologist
26. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.
classical conditioning
agriculture
chemical symbol
choroid
27. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.
developing countries
structural formula
double bond
open angle glaucoma
28. Microbes that cause disease.
emphysema
pathogens
granulation tissue
lock-and-key interaction
29. A study in which the participants do not know into which group they have been allocated - e.g. whether they have received a drug or a placebo.
forced vital capacity
blind study
light ray
central nervous system
30. A class of neuron that is neither sensory nor motor.
false positive
lens
interneuron
leukocytes
31. The process of breaking down foods in the body into the molecules needed to maintain life.
compact bone
metabolism
cornea
myofibrils
32. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level
epidemic
inflammatory mediators
excretion
bronchiole
33. A visual impairment in which the lens of the eye loses transparency and exhibits reduced light transmission.
ionic bonding
dementia
cataract
bond length
34. An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.(
tendons
vitreous humour
neutron
epidermis
35. The material outside the cells in a tissue in which the cells are embedded. It is mainly made from proteins made by and arranged by the cells.
ecosystems
xenobiotic
organ
extracellular matrix
36. The process by which collagen is produced by fibroblasts following tissue damage - often resulting in scar formation.
fibrosis
psychogenic stimuli
brain imaging
addiction
37. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.
granulation tissue
bioaccumulation
wet AMD
alcoholic poisoning
38. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.
incubation period
tolerance
chronic inflammation
wavelength
39. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.
blood pressure
connective tissue
visual disability
radiologist
40. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.
stunting
agriculture
post-traumatic stress disorder
somatic nervous system
41. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.
toxicology
microcalcifications
nearwork activity
acute inflammation
42. The new tissue formed as a wound repairs - containing tiny new blood vessels that give it a grainy appearance.
granulation tissue
axon terminal
diaphragm
capillaries
43. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.
osteoclasts
nerve
reward
side-effects
44. Countries that provide universal education for their children - with populations that have high rates of literacy - comprehensive health services and which meet certain other development indicators - such as 100% access to safe drinking water and san
oxidation
developed countries
bond length
hyperopia
45. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.
insufficiency fracture
effective dose
double-strand break
epinephrine
46. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil
bipedality
choroid
fovea
equivalent dose
47. A graft where the donor tissue comes from the same person (as opposed to an allograft where it comes from another person).
amygdale
population screening
principal focal point
autograft
48. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.
addiction
infant mortality rate
dermis
proteinase
49. Pain of relatively short duration and associated with actual damage to tissues.
presynaptic neuron
acute pain
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
greenstick fracture
50. A condition in which the optic nerve becomes damaged - usually because the pressure of fluid within the eye becomes too high - leading to a progressive loss of vision.
fibroblast
post-traumatic stress disorder
population age-structures
glaucoma