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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. That part of the nervous system that exerts control over the skeletal muscles and thereby over behaviour.






2. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.






3. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.






4. Often abbreviated to 'compound': a substance made up of two or more elements; it may be composed of molecules or ions.






5. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)






6. The build-up of levels of a chemical contaminant in the bodies of animals at successive levels in a food chain.






7. The standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; it has the symbol l.






8. Diseases in which the pathogen causing the disease lives part of its life cycle in water; e.g. cholera - cryptosporidiosis.






9. The pressure exerted by a gas. It is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in a mixture of gases - e.g. oxygen - carbon dioxide - nitrogen and other gases that make up the air in the lungs.






10. The visual condition of long-sightedness in which images of nearby objects cannot be focused sharply.






11. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)






12. The process of breaking down foods in the body into the molecules needed to maintain life.






13. A group of steroid hormones produced mainly by the ovaries (some are also produced by fat deposits in the body) - which are responsible for promoting the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics.






14. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the






15. A sudden change in potential difference (voltage) across the cell membrane of neurons - consisting of an increase in the resting potential and a sudden return to the resting value. Transmitted along axons and constitute the principal 'language' of co






16. The proportion of young - middle-aged and older people in a population. In developing countries - tends to be 'younger' than that of developed countries.






17. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.






18. A poisonous substance produced by a living organism - usually injurious to potential prey - predators or competitors.






19. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






20. A brain region with an essential role in the storage and retrieval of memories.






21. A drug that widens the airways of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles.






22. A bean-shaped tissue packed with immune system cells found at intervals along the vessels of the lymphatic system. They filter potentially harmful substances and organisms (microbes) from body fluids that drain into the lymphatic system; the filtered






23. A process at an interface of two media in which the direction of light is deviated within the new medium.






24. A small airway branching from a bronchus.






25. This condition occurs when the arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle become blocked by fatty deposits known as plaques - and areas of muscle die as a result.






26. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.






27. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).






28. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').






29. Inflammation with a rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration.






30. Optimal corrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 - i.e. wearing optimal correcting lenses - the individual can distinguish letters on a test chart at 6 metres that a person with normal vision could read at 18 metres






31. Pain that arises from tissue damage in one part of the body - but Which is felt to be arising in a different part of the body. It is said to be 'referred to' a part that is not damaged.






32. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.






33. An intense conscious occupation with thoughts of the object of an addiction.






34. An atom of hydrogen and an atom of oxygen bonded together - Which is bonded to an organic molecule; can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules.






35. The process by which collagen is produced by fibroblasts following tissue damage - often resulting in scar formation.






36. Substances in which an interaction or reaction occurs - or in which an event takes place - or chemicals or objects are transported or supported - e.g. a medium through which a wave is transmitted in the refraction of light.






37. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.






38. Tissues that are like tendons in terms of structure but connect bones to each other (rather than bones to muscles).






39. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.






40. The outer layer of the brain - also known as the 'cerebral cortex'. (






41. The level of intensity of stimulation of a neuron at which it first shows activity. The term is used particularly in the context of sensory neurons.






42. An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.(






43. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an excitatory effect on a postsynaptic cell - e.g. it excites further action potentials in a second cell.






44. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.






45. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.






46. A therapeutic technique where low-level stimulation is given to the skin and which has the effect of reducing pain (abbreviated to TENS).






47. A graft where the donor tissue comes from the same person (as opposed to an allograft where it comes from another person).






48. A subdivision of a rounded mass of tissue. For example - in the breast - this is used to describe an individual branched subsection of the mammary gland.






49. Visual defects caused by imperfections in the cornea and/or lens of the eye.






50. The tissue that forms following healing - Which is not the same in structure as the original tissue.