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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.






2. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(






3. Disease - disorder or disability.






4. A visual impairment that interferes with day-to-day functions that an affected person considers to be normal.






5. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.






6. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - and who actually does not have the disease.






7. The visual condition of long-sightedness in which images of nearby objects cannot be focused sharply.






8. A difficult and controversial term to define - in spite of its everyday use. It describes all the information processing carried out by the brain.






9. The cultivation of land for the purpose of crop production and/or the rearing of livestock - primarily for food - but also to provide materials - e.g. for fuel - clothing and shelter.






10. A property of the body in which a number of its important parameters are held near to constant and any deviation from their normal value triggers action that tends to restore normality. It is exemplified by the maintenance of body temperature - or of






11. A drug that acts to reduce the signs of inflammation - e.g. swelling - redness - heat and pain.






12. A region of cortex at the front of the brain - where the activity of neurons is associated with voluntary control of behaviour (self-control) and restraint. Biological evidence suggests that mild to moderate doses of alcohol selectively depress the a






13. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)






14. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






15. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.






16. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ






17. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.






18. The process of inspiring or inhaling; the drawing in of air into the lungs.






19. Number of new cases of a condition diagnosed in a population in a given period - usually one year.






20. A gradual change in about 10% of chronic heavy drinkers whereby liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.






21. A sudden change in potential difference (voltage) across the cell membrane of neurons - consisting of an increase in the resting potential and a sudden return to the resting value. Transmitted along axons and constitute the principal 'language' of co






22. Building replacement tissues to aid repair following damage.






23. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.






24. Colours on opposite sides of the colour circle.






25. The pivot point about which a lever rotates.






26. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.






27. The entire range or extent of some quantity - arranged in order; e.g. electromagnetic or visible light.






28. Persistent inflammation over long periods of time that occurs when the tissues are unable to overcome the effects of an injurious agent.






29. The study of the relationship between the structure and the function of body systems.






30. Recognisable assemblages of plants and animals - such as woodland - grassland - rivers - etc. - in which a distinct set of plants and animals live together and interact with one another.






31. A technique in which a person is placed in a particular psychological state and - in response to suggestions made by the hypnotist - can experience alterations in perception - memory and voluntary action.






32. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of two electrons - one from each atom at either end of the bond.






33. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).






34. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the






35. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).






36. An intense conscious occupation with thoughts of the object of an addiction.






37. The movement of atoms or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration - until the concentration is the same throughout the available volume. Atoms and small molecules can also move across a permeable cell membran






38. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.






39. Deliberately deciding never to drink alcohol.






40. Brain region involved in processing memories and emotional reactions.






41. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi






42. A chemical that has the effect of blocking the action of a natural substance such as a neurochemical. (






43. The organelles found inside myofibres that run the length of the cell and cause contraction.






44. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.






45. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.






46. The cells that produce new bone.






47. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






48. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.






49. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou






50. The most common type of glaucoma - caused by a partial blockage of trabeculae - which reduces the rate at which the aqueous fluid can drain away from the eye and thus leads to a build up of intraocular pressure.