Test your basic knowledge |

Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Colours on opposite sides of the colour circle.






2. Degenerative disease of the retina that results in loss of vision in the centre of the visual field. It is caused by an impaired blood supply to the macula. This condition is usually associated with ageing.






3. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.






4. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si






5. A) Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged. b) An organelle containing the genetic material - found in most animal and plant cells.






6. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an excitatory effect on a postsynaptic cell - e.g. it excites further action potentials in a second cell.






7. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.






8. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.






9. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






10. Blood that contains very little oxygen.






11. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi






12. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ






13. The standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; it has the symbol l.






14. Much of the brain is divided down its midline into two halves - the left and right of this; also referred to as the 'left brain' and the 'right brain'.






15. A property of the body in which a number of its important parameters are held near to constant and any deviation from their normal value triggers action that tends to restore normality. It is exemplified by the maintenance of body temperature - or of






16. The ability of the brain to take information and perform informed calculations (e.g. calculating the width of a space in which to park a car).






17. Recognisable assemblages of plants and animals - such as woodland - grassland - rivers - etc. - in which a distinct set of plants and animals live together and interact with one another.






18. An atom of hydrogen and an atom of oxygen bonded together - Which is bonded to an organic molecule; can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules.






19. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.






20. A gradual change in about 10% of chronic heavy drinkers whereby liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.






21. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi






22. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.






23. The statistical study of the occurrence - distribution - potential causes and control of diseases and disabilities in human populations (CS 1 - 3 - 4 & 6)






24. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.






25. An electrically charged atom or molecule. May be positively or negatively charged; e.g. Na+ (the positively charged sodium ion) and Cl- (the negatively charged chloride ion).






26. Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person (also known as 'non-infectious diseases' or 'chronic conditions' or 'long-term conditions'); they mainly develop slowly over time and persist for a long period - or are irreversible; e.g. canc






27. The integrated body system of organs - tissues - cells and proteins that functions to protect the body from potentially pathogenic organisms (microbes) or harmful substances.






28. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.






29. A) A transparent and flexible convex structure behind the iris that (together with the cornea) refracts light. b) A transparent object - usually made of glass or plastic - that refracts light. Found in spectacles - magnifying glasses and microscopes.






30. For a screening procedure such as mammography - this value is the number of true negative results expressed as a percentage of the total number of negative results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person






31. A class of neuron that is neither sensory nor motor.






32. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).






33. A group of enzymes that degrade proteins by splitting the protein chain into smaller molecules; also called a 'protease'.






34. The system of organs and structures in which gas exchange takes place. In mammals it consists of the airways - the lungs and the muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.






35. Deliberately deciding never to drink alcohol.






36. The organelles found inside myofibres that run the length of the cell and cause contraction.






37. A volume in which there are no atoms or molecules.






38. The total number of people who have a disease - disorder or disability at a particular point in time - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






39. Qualified to employ a range of equipment such as X-rays - MRI scanners - etc. to produce images to diagnose an injury or disease. They will then have undergone further specialist training in mammography. (Two types - diagnostic and therapeutic; the l






40. An estimate of the probability of developing a particular disease or disorder in a population that has been exposed to a particular risk factor - relative to the probability of developing the condition if the risk factor was not present.






41. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.






42. The spread of malignant - cancerous cells to other parts of the body by way of the blood or lymph vessels.






43. The skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis and provides the strength and elasticity of the skin.






44. The type of blood cell that transports oxygen; also known as a red blood cell.






45. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.






46. The neuron that stores and releases neurotransmitter at a synapse with another neuron or a muscle cell.






47. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.






48. A graph recording breathing - Which is made with a spirometer.






49. A difficult and controversial term to define - in spite of its everyday use. It describes all the information processing carried out by the brain.






50. A form of notation (also known as 'scientific notation') used for expressing very large or very small numbers.