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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The structure within the eye where the iris meets the cornea - where excess aqueous humour from the front of the eye can drain.






2. Distance between one peak of a wave and the next peak - measured in metres (m).






3. The total number of people who have a disease - disorder or disability at a particular point in time - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






4. Recognisable assemblages of plants and animals - such as woodland - grassland - rivers - etc. - in which a distinct set of plants and animals live together and interact with one another.






5. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






6. The cells that produce new bone.






7. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.






8. The type of bone that is less dense (compared with compact bone) and contains struts (trabeculae) to provide strength. It is found within the widened areas inside the ends of the bones.






9. A complex specialised molecule embedded in the outer membrane of a cell - or in its internal structure - which has a unique three-dimensional shape and patterns of electrical charge that enable it to bind specifically to a particular signalling molec






10. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.






11. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.






12. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






13. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a body - or a quantity of liquid - by 1 A






14. Any unintended and undesirable consequences of medical treatment; also known in medicine as an adverse effect or reaction.






15. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)






16. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.






17. The number of deaths in a population - either from all causes combined or from a specific cause - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) people in the population.






18. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given






19. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.






20. A therapeutic technique where low-level stimulation is given to the skin and which has the effect of reducing pain (abbreviated to TENS).






21. Most common type of age-related macular degeneration - in which the blood supply to the retina is reduced - resulting in gradual loss of vision.






22. Often abbreviated to 'risk factors'; anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different population






23. The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.






24. Screening that takes place haphazardly when an opportunity arises - for example - when a patient consults a doctor about something unrelated and is referred for a screening test.






25. That part of the nervous system which exerts an influence over a number of the internal organs of the body - such as the gut - heart and blood vessels. Functions without conscious intervention.






26. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.






27. A response to a stimulus or substance (such as alcohol) which occurs rapidly and produces severe - possibly life-threatening - symptoms.






28. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.






29. Characteristic signs that follow the termination of taking a drug - most usually associated with a negative mood. There can also be characteristic physiological signs associated with particular drugs - e.g. sweating and shivering.






30. The distance between atoms in a molecule.






31. A subdivision of a rounded mass of tissue. For example - in the breast - this is used to describe an individual branched subsection of the mammary gland.






32. A measure of how well a person sees - determined by the minimum distance at which two lines (or points) can be distinguished at a test distance.






33. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.






34. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.






35. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi






36. A medically qualified person who has chosen to specialise in clinical radiology - the use of imaging to diagnose - treat and monitor various disease processes.






37. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.






38. A bond between two atoms formed when an outer electron from each of the atoms is shared between them to form an electron pair bond.






39. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it






40. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.






41. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. It consists only of the atoms characteristic - e.g. hydrogen (H) - oxygen (O) - nitrogen (N) - sodium (Na) - chlorine (Cl) - mercury (Hg). There are 92 naturally oc






42. An eye-surgery technique where the epithelial layer of the eye is removed and laser treatment applied to the tissues exposed beneath (abbreviated to PRK).






43. That part of the nervous system that is not within the central nervous system. It is made up of nerves throughout the body.






44. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.






45. A two-dimensional map or projection of an object.






46. A group of enzymes that degrade proteins by splitting the protein chain into smaller molecules; also called a 'protease'.






47. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.






48. That part of the nervous system that exerts control over the skeletal muscles and thereby over behaviour.






49. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.






50. A tissue that covers a surface or lines a space inside the body - forming a barrier or interface across which substances are absorbed or secreted - e.g. the skin - gut lining - and various glands.