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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A test that evaluates how well the lungs work; also known as a pulmonary function test.






2. The outer layer of the brain - also known as the 'cerebral cortex'. (






3. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of two electrons - one from each atom at either end of the bond.






4. A beneficial effect deriving from a procedure with no intrinsic benefit. It relies upon the context in which the intervention is made; e.g. a sugar pill might serve as a placebo if the patient believes that it will bring some benefits. (






5. Diseases or disorders that develop as a result of the interaction over time of a combination of different risk factors - none of which on its own would be likely to cause the disease. These may include the inheritance of certain gene mutations from a






6. Negatively charged particle of almost no mass that surround the nucleus of an atom.






7. Any fracture where the overlying skin is broken.






8. A tissue made up of cells embedded in a matrix of protein fibres which includes bones - fat and tendons; they connect - support - or surround other tissues and organs.






9. Tells you which type of atoms are bonded together to make up a compound or molecule - using symbols for its constituent elements. It also shows How many of each type of atom there are (e.g. the formula for carbon dioxide - CO2 - shows it has one carb






10. A chemical that has the effect of blocking the action of a natural substance such as a neurochemical. (






11. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - but who actually has the disease.






12. The systematic application of a test or investigation to people who have not sought medical attention - in order to identify those whose risk of developing a particular disease is sufficient to justify further action.






13. The production of any colour by varying the relative intensities of the subtractive primaries (cyan - magenta and yellow).






14. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.






15. A substance (usually liquid) in which other substances dissolve.






16. The time between one peak of a wave and the next .






17. The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eyeball that contains the visual receptor cells (rods and cones).






18. Screening that takes place haphazardly when an opportunity arises - for example - when a patient consults a doctor about something unrelated and is referred for a screening test.






19. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil






20. Diseases in which the pathogen causing the disease lives part of its life cycle in water; e.g. cholera - cryptosporidiosis.






21. The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would exert if it were alone in a container.






22. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.






23. Certain kinds of activity with which the brain is engaged - i.e. the processing of information that is summarised by the term 'mind'. It is exemplified by thinking - memory - reasoning and interpreting.






24. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.






25. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.






26. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given






27. Often abbreviated to 'compound': a substance made up of two or more elements; it may be composed of molecules or ions.






28. The change of thickness of the lens of the eye so that focal length changes. This allows light from objects at different distances to be sharply focused in turn on the retina.






29. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.






30. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.






31. A difficult and controversial term to define - in spite of its everyday use. It describes all the information processing carried out by the brain.






32. Tissues that are like tendons in terms of structure but connect bones to each other (rather than bones to muscles).






33. The curved transparent layer that covers the front part of the eye. This (together with the lens) refracts light to form of an image on the retina - as well as protecting the eye from frontal damage.






34. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.






35. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.






36. A graphical method of showing whether two numerical variables are related to one another. They are called 'variables' because they can each have a range of possible values. Each data point represents a particular entity - such as a country - for whic






37. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it






38. Leading global causes of visual impairment that have been identified by the WHO's Vision 2020 project as targets that can be prevented or treated. They include refractive errors and low vision - cataract - glaucoma - AMD - diabetic retinopathy and tr






39. Categorised into three progressive stages: fatty liver - hepatitis and cirrhosis.






40. Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person (also known as 'non-infectious diseases' or 'chronic conditions' or 'long-term conditions'); they mainly develop slowly over time and persist for a long period - or are irreversible; e.g. canc






41. A bond between two atoms formed when an outer electron from each of the atoms is shared between them to form an electron pair bond.






42. The concentration of ethanol in blood given in mg per 100 ml.






43. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






44. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.






45. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an excitatory effect on a postsynaptic cell - e.g. it excites further action potentials in a second cell.






46. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.






47. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.






48. The integrated body system of organs - tissues - cells and proteins that functions to protect the body from potentially pathogenic organisms (microbes) or harmful substances.






49. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.






50. The total amount of air that can be taken in to the lungs during a maximum inspiration - or expelled during a maximal expiration. (Abbreviated to VC)







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