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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A shell - typically made from plaster or fibreglass - which can be put around a limb in order to encase and support a broken bone until it has healed.






2. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.






3. This condition occurs when the arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle become blocked by fatty deposits known as plaques - and areas of muscle die as a result.






4. A painful eye condition caused by repeated infections with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis .






5. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.






6. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.






7. A beneficial effect deriving from a procedure with no intrinsic benefit. It relies upon the context in which the intervention is made; e.g. a sugar pill might serve as a placebo if the patient believes that it will bring some benefits. (






8. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.






9. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.






10. An excessive engagement in an activity despite negative consequences and a dependence upon the activity such that when access is denied - craving and withdrawal symptoms are seen. Most usually refers to dependency on a chemical substance but need not






11. The distance between atoms in a molecule.






12. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)






13. The skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis and provides the strength and elasticity of the skin.






14. A variety of conditions associated with eyesight - from total loss of sight (blindness) to partial sight loss.






15. Optimal corrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 - i.e. wearing optimal correcting lenses - the individual can distinguish letters on a test chart at 6 metres that a person with normal vision could read at 18 metres






16. The time between one peak of a wave and the next .






17. A bundle of the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. (Occasionally employed informally to refer to a bundle of axons within the central nervous system.)






18. The junction where a neuron influences another cell - the latter being either another neuron or a muscle cell. (






19. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').






20. Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person (also known as 'non-infectious diseases' or 'chronic conditions' or 'long-term conditions'); they mainly develop slowly over time and persist for a long period - or are irreversible; e.g. canc






21. A type of cell that is responsible for contraction in skeletal muscle tissue. They are long and thin and have many nuclei. (Also known as muscle fibre)






22. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.






23. A sudden change in potential difference (voltage) across the cell membrane of neurons - consisting of an increase in the resting potential and a sudden return to the resting value. Transmitted along axons and constitute the principal 'language' of co






24. Industrial chemicals - commonly found as environmental pollutants - that disrupt the hormonal systems of animals - including humans.






25. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.






26. Much of the brain is divided down its midline into two halves - the left and right of this; also referred to as the 'left brain' and the 'right brain'.






27. A cell that is part of a malignant tumour; not subject to the body signals that tell normal cells when to divide or stop dividing - so they multiply in an uncontrolled way.






28. Refers to an infectious disease that can be transmitted by physical contact.






29. The process of inspiring or inhaling; the drawing in of air into the lungs.






30. A subunit of the scientific unit of volume - the litre. One litre can be divided into 1000 of these.






31. A graphical method of showing whether two numerical variables are related to one another. They are called 'variables' because they can each have a range of possible values. Each data point represents a particular entity - such as a country - for whic






32. Pain of relatively short duration and associated with actual damage to tissues.






33. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.






34. The binding that occurs between a signalling molecule and its specific receptor. The specificity of the binding is analogous to that of a particular key in a particular lock; e.g. the binding between a neurotransmitter and its receptor - or a hormone






35. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.






36. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.






37. Substances in which an interaction or reaction occurs - or in which an event takes place - or chemicals or objects are transported or supported - e.g. a medium through which a wave is transmitted in the refraction of light.






38. The statistical study of the occurrence - distribution - potential causes and control of diseases and disabilities in human populations (CS 1 - 3 - 4 & 6)






39. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil






40. A drug that acts to reduce the signs of inflammation - e.g. swelling - redness - heat and pain.






41. A change in the sequences of bases in the DNA of an organism - resulting in an alteration in the manufacture or function of a body protein. Also refers to the process by which such a change in DNA sequence occurs due to the action of a mutagen - e.g.






42. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






43. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short






44. A method of purifying water - e.g. filtering - that involves individual people treating water as they use it - rather than having purified water delivered to them from a remote water-treatment plant in pipes.

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45. Fuel derived from plant matter or animal waste - e.g. wood - straw - dried animal dung.






46. Microbes that cause disease.






47. An approach to explanation which implies two closely related things: (i) both biological and psychological sciences have central roles in the explanation - and (ii) a given phenomenon to be studied within this perspective - such as pain - has both bi






48. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.






49. The flat cells that line the cardiovascular system.






50. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.