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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The transparent fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the lens of the eye.






2. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.






3. Diseases involving the frequent passing of liquid faeces; they are caused by a wide variety of pathogens - including viruses - bacteria and protoctists (single-celled organisms).






4. A class of natural neurotransmitters that have a similar structure and action to morphine and heroin.






5. A stimulus that has no intrinsic power to trigger a particular response but which acquires this power after being associated with another stimulus. For example - a bell does not normally trigger salivation but - after pairing with food - it acquires






6. The body system consisting of the heart - blood vessels and blood. It circulates blood throughout the body and is also known as the circulatory system.






7. A two-dimensional map or projection of an object.






8. The flat cells that line the cardiovascular system.






9. A volume in which there are no atoms or molecules.






10. A break in one of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






11. The number of new cases in a given period - usually a year - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population






12. Characteristic signs that follow the termination of taking a drug - most usually associated with a negative mood. There can also be characteristic physiological signs associated with particular drugs - e.g. sweating and shivering.






13. A simple way of presenting numerical data visually - so as to emphasise the relative size of different numbers. May be arranged vertically or horizontally.






14. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).






15. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.






16. A graph recording breathing - Which is made with a spirometer.






17. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou






18. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues.






19. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.






20. A substance composed of positively and negatively charged ions - held together by the electrical attraction between opposite charges. Salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) - in which the ions are organised in a regular crystal lattice - are this.






21. A technique where people learn to change their thought patterns and behaviour to create feelings of coping and self-efficacy; e.g. people in chronic pain might be taught to place a less catastrophic interpretation on their pain.






22. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.






23. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.






24. The total volume of gas contained in the lungs after a full inspiration (it is equal to vital capacity plus residual volume). (Abbreviated to TLC)






25. A chemical that reduces microbial contamination of water - surfaces - etc.






26. The visual condition of long-sightedness in which images of nearby objects cannot be focused sharply.






27. Damage to the retina due to the abnormal blood flow that may develop in people with diabetes.






28. Pain that is triggered by a stimulus that causes actual or potential damage to the tissues of the body.






29. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t






30. A subunit of the litre - the standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; there are 100 of these in a litre.






31. Pain that arises from damage to neurons either within the central nervous system or in the periphery of the body.






32. A chemical reaction involving the addition of oxygen.






33. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






34. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').






35. The material outside the cells in a tissue in which the cells are embedded. It is mainly made from proteins made by and arranged by the cells.






36. A type of chemical bond formed between a partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge on another atom. In more detail - the bond is formed by the electrical attraction occurring between the partial positive charge remainin






37. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).






38. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the






39. The energy needed to break a bond between two atoms.






40. For a screening procedure such as mammography - this value is the number of true negative results expressed as a percentage of the total number of negative results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person






41. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.






42. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va






43. A method for determining the efficiency of gas transfer between the lungs and the pulmonary blood capillaries.






44. The integrated body system of organs - tissues - cells and proteins that functions to protect the body from potentially pathogenic organisms (microbes) or harmful substances.






45. The number of cases of a disease - disorder or disability in a population - relative to the total number of people at risk of developing it; usually expressed as the number of cases per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






46. A measure of the amount of energy from ionising radiation absorbed per kilogram of tissue. It is measured in units of grays where 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram.






47. A type of cell that can migrate into wound sites and make new extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen.






48. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given






49. Any cell that ingests and destroys foreign particles - bacteria and cell debris.






50. A protein produced in the liver that circulates around the body and blocks the destructive effects of certain proteinase enzymes such as elastase.