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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The spread of malignant - cancerous cells to other parts of the body by way of the blood or lymph vessels.






2. A protein that is abundant in the extracellular matrix and can form long thin fibres to provide structure to many tissues.






3. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of two electrons - one from each atom at either end of the bond.






4. The release of water vapour by plants.






5. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.






6. Cells that cover all surfaces of the body. (CS 3 - 4 - 6 & 7)






7. A property of the body in which a number of its important parameters are held near to constant and any deviation from their normal value triggers action that tends to restore normality. It is exemplified by the maintenance of body temperature - or of






8. Pain that arises from tissue damage in one part of the body - but Which is felt to be arising in a different part of the body. It is said to be 'referred to' a part that is not damaged.






9. Inflammation with a rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration.






10. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.






11. The production of any colour by varying the relative intensities of the subtractive primaries (cyan - magenta and yellow).






12. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.






13. Leading global causes of visual impairment that have been identified by the WHO's Vision 2020 project as targets that can be prevented or treated. They include refractive errors and low vision - cataract - glaucoma - AMD - diabetic retinopathy and tr






14. An eye-surgery technique where the epithelial layer of the eye is removed and laser treatment applied to the tissues exposed beneath (abbreviated to PRK).






15. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl






16. A tissue made up of cells embedded in a matrix of protein fibres which includes bones - fat and tendons; they connect - support - or surround other tissues and organs.






17. A graft where the donor tissue comes from the same person (as opposed to an allograft where it comes from another person).






18. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.






19. Visual defects caused by imperfections in the cornea and/or lens of the eye.






20. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ






21. This term indicates alcohol's effect in inducing 'psychological short-sightedness'. Alcohol lowers the range of attention - so that immediate events take on more importance than their future consequences.






22. Diseases involving the frequent passing of liquid faeces; they are caused by a wide variety of pathogens - including viruses - bacteria and protoctists (single-celled organisms).






23. A process in which light passes through a medium unaffected - e.g. light passing through clear glass.






24. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t






25. Haemoglobin bound to oxygen molecules. Transports oxygen from blood vessels in the lungs to the cells in the rest of the body.






26. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.






27. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.






28. The thinnest blood vessels.






29. Distance between one peak of a wave and the next peak - measured in metres (m).






30. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(






31. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.






32. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






33. Number of new cases of a condition diagnosed in a population in a given period - usually one year.






34. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t






35. A shell - typically made from plaster or fibreglass - which can be put around a limb in order to encase and support a broken bone until it has healed.






36. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.






37. The pressure exerted by a gas. It is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in a mixture of gases - e.g. oxygen - carbon dioxide - nitrogen and other gases that make up the air in the lungs.






38. A technique in which a person is placed in a particular psychological state and - in response to suggestions made by the hypnotist - can experience alterations in perception - memory and voluntary action.






39. A tissue that covers a surface or lines a space inside the body - forming a barrier or interface across which substances are absorbed or secreted - e.g. the skin - gut lining - and various glands.






40. The concentration of ethanol in blood given in mg per 100 ml.






41. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.






42. A beneficial effect deriving from a procedure with no intrinsic benefit. It relies upon the context in which the intervention is made; e.g. a sugar pill might serve as a placebo if the patient believes that it will bring some benefits. (






43. Persistent inflammation over long periods of time that occurs when the tissues are unable to overcome the effects of an injurious agent.






44. Certain kinds of activity with which the brain is engaged - i.e. the processing of information that is summarised by the term 'mind'. It is exemplified by thinking - memory - reasoning and interpreting.






45. That part of the nervous system that exerts control over the skeletal muscles and thereby over behaviour.






46. The system of organs and structures in which gas exchange takes place. In mammals it consists of the airways - the lungs and the muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.






47. The effects of ionising radiation are said to be this if there is a threshold below which there is no effect - and if above that threshold - the severity depends on the amount of radiation received.






48. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.






49. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou






50. Substances that have the effect of reducing pain.