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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The binding that occurs between a signalling molecule and its specific receptor. The specificity of the binding is analogous to that of a particular key in a particular lock; e.g. the binding between a neurotransmitter and its receptor - or a hormone






2. The share of all deaths in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






3. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.






4. A chemical that is stored within the axon terminal of a neuron and is released in response to electrical activity within that neuron. It passes the short distance to a neighbouring cell (neuron or muscle cell) where it binds to a neurotransmitter rec






5. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.






6. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.






7. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.






8. The process by which collagen is produced by fibroblasts following tissue damage - often resulting in scar formation.






9. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.






10. A class of neurons that convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles.






11. The cultivation of land for the purpose of crop production and/or the rearing of livestock - primarily for food - but also to provide materials - e.g. for fuel - clothing and shelter.






12. A physiological reaction occurring in the body - triggered by the perception of aversive or threatening situations.






13. Condition in which the full range of colours cannot be clearly distinguished.






14. A method of purifying water - e.g. filtering - that involves individual people treating water as they use it - rather than having purified water delivered to them from a remote water-treatment plant in pipes.

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15. A lens shape with a greater thickness at the centre than at each end.






16. A fracture that occurs because the bone has been weakened through osteoporosis.






17. A method for determining the efficiency of gas transfer between the lungs and the pulmonary blood capillaries.






18. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.






19. A brain region with an essential role in the storage and retrieval of memories.






20. The blood pressure that is detected between heart contractions (lower than the systolic blood pressure).






21. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.






22. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).






23. An organelle (plural: mitochondria) in the cytosol of cells where much of cellular respiration takes place (the release of usable chemical energy from molecules derived from food).






24. The amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs in the first second of expiration - abbreviated to FEV1.






25. The body system consisting of the heart - blood vessels and blood. It circulates blood throughout the body and is also known as the circulatory system.






26. Building replacement tissues to aid repair following damage.






27. The total volume of gas contained in the lungs after a full inspiration (it is equal to vital capacity plus residual volume). (Abbreviated to TLC)






28. The distance between atoms in a molecule.






29. The number of individual pathogens required to cause disease in an infected person; the number varies from one infectious disease to another.






30. A therapeutic technique where low-level stimulation is given to the skin and which has the effect of reducing pain (abbreviated to TENS).






31. A thick ring of muscle that controls pupil size - thereby regulating the amount of light that enters the eye. It forms the coloured portion of the eye.






32. An electrically charged atom or molecule. May be positively or negatively charged; e.g. Na+ (the positively charged sodium ion) and Cl- (the negatively charged chloride ion).






33. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.






34. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.






35. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that






36. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.






37. A term that refers to the fact that the connections between neurons are not static. Rather - they are subject to change as result of activity within the neurons concerned. It can mean - over a period of time - increased sensitivity of connections bet






38. A bean-shaped tissue packed with immune system cells found at intervals along the vessels of the lymphatic system. They filter potentially harmful substances and organisms (microbes) from body fluids that drain into the lymphatic system; the filtered






39. The part of a neuron that consists of a long wire-like projection - ending in a terminal which participates in a synapse with another cell. Action potentials are transmitted along these.






40. A disorder of the fetus or infant caused by excessive maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy.






41. The number of new cases in a given period - usually a year - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population






42. Qualified to employ a range of equipment such as X-rays - MRI scanners - etc. to produce images to diagnose an injury or disease. They will then have undergone further specialist training in mammography. (Two types - diagnostic and therapeutic; the l






43. A bundle of the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. (Occasionally employed informally to refer to a bundle of axons within the central nervous system.)






44. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.






45. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.






46. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.






47. A non-invasive method of measuring the level of oxygenation of the blood by using light absorption to calculate the relative levels of haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin.






48. Tissue in the centre of some large bones that contains cells (including stem cells) which are responsible for the production of white cells - red blood cells and a variety of other cells.






49. The separation of waste products from the blood.






50. The level of intensity of stimulation of a neuron at which it first shows activity. The term is used particularly in the context of sensory neurons.