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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A fracture that occurs because the bone has been weakened through osteoporosis.






2. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).






3. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.






4. The structure within the eye where the iris meets the cornea - where excess aqueous humour from the front of the eye can drain.






5. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.






6. A drug that widens the airways of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles.






7. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short






8. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil






9. Complex structures in the body formed from a number of different tissues - which form a distinct structure and serve a particular function - e.g. the heart - the brain - the lungs. (CS 2 & 4)






10. The cells that produce new bone.






11. A therapeutic technique where low-level stimulation is given to the skin and which has the effect of reducing pain (abbreviated to TENS).






12. A cell that is part of a malignant tumour; not subject to the body signals that tell normal cells when to divide or stop dividing - so they multiply in an uncontrolled way.






13. Blood that contains very little oxygen.






14. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.






15. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si






16. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').






17. A change in the sequences of bases in the DNA of an organism - resulting in an alteration in the manufacture or function of a body protein. Also refers to the process by which such a change in DNA sequence occurs due to the action of a mutagen - e.g.






18. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl






19. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.






20. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled at each breath when resting (abbreviated to TV).






21. The separation of waste products from the blood.






22. A beneficial effect deriving from a procedure with no intrinsic benefit. It relies upon the context in which the intervention is made; e.g. a sugar pill might serve as a placebo if the patient believes that it will bring some benefits. (






23. An eye care professional who makes spectacles or contact lenses and advises on suitable frames or lens choices.






24. A) A process in which the photon energy is captured by a medium - without transmission or reflection. b) The process by which the molecules released from digested food pass through the wall of the gut and into the surrounding blood vessels.






25. Pain that arises from tissue damage in one part of the body - but Which is felt to be arising in a different part of the body. It is said to be 'referred to' a part that is not damaged.






26. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.






27. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.






28. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.






29. A global strategy to combat trachoma - involving eyelid surgery - antibiotic treatment - attention to facial cleanliness and environmental changes.






30. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.






31. Microbes that cause disease.






32. A small airway branching from a bronchus.






33. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.






34. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.






35. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (






36. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.






37. Condition in which no colour at all can be seen.






38. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.






39. The proportion of young - middle-aged and older people in a population. In developing countries - tends to be 'younger' than that of developed countries.






40. The process by which collagen is produced by fibroblasts following tissue damage - often resulting in scar formation.






41. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)






42. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.






43. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.






44. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.






45. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va






46. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.






47. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi






48. The number of individual pathogens required to cause disease in an infected person; the number varies from one infectious disease to another.






49. A complex specialised molecule embedded in the outer membrane of a cell - or in its internal structure - which has a unique three-dimensional shape and patterns of electrical charge that enable it to bind specifically to a particular signalling molec






50. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.