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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The flat cells that line the cardiovascular system.






2. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of two electrons - one from each atom at either end of the bond.






3. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou






4. A medically qualified person who has chosen to specialise in clinical radiology - the use of imaging to diagnose - treat and monitor various disease processes.






5. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues.






6. An organelle (plural: mitochondria) in the cytosol of cells where much of cellular respiration takes place (the release of usable chemical energy from molecules derived from food).






7. The smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element. Made up of a positively charged atomic nucleus - containing protons and neutrons - surrounded by negatively charged electrons.






8. The pivot point about which a lever rotates.






9. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.






10. A single point on the optical axis of a lens onto which all light rays parallel to that axis are directed.






11. Industrial chemicals - commonly found as environmental pollutants - that disrupt the hormonal systems of animals - including humans.






12. The pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere at a particular location as a result of the mass of the column of air above it. At sea level - it is 760 mmHg or 101.325 kPa.






13. Severe psychological shock.






14. The blood pressure that is detected during heart contractions - Which is higher than the diastolic pressure.






15. Pain that is triggered by a stimulus that causes actual or potential damage to the tissues of the body.






16. The mechanisms in the nervous system underlying an automatic and unconscious reaction to a particular stimulus - i.e. a reaction that cannot be controlled by will-power.






17. Qualified to employ a range of equipment such as X-rays - MRI scanners - etc. to produce images to diagnose an injury or disease. They will then have undergone further specialist training in mammography. (Two types - diagnostic and therapeutic; the l






18. A class of neuron that is neither sensory nor motor.






19. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ






20. Any fracture where the skin has not been broken.






21. A class of natural neurotransmitters that have a similar structure and action to morphine and heroin.






22. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.






23. Brain region involved in processing memories and emotional reactions.






24. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.






25. The study of the fate of chemical contaminants in the natural environment and their effects on plants - animals and ecosystems.






26. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.






27. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.






28. Certain kinds of activity with which the brain is engaged - i.e. the processing of information that is summarised by the term 'mind'. It is exemplified by thinking - memory - reasoning and interpreting.






29. A molecule that has both negatively and positively charged regions.






30. Haemoglobin bound to oxygen molecules. Transports oxygen from blood vessels in the lungs to the cells in the rest of the body.






31. The share of all deaths in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






32. Characteristic signs that follow the termination of taking a drug - most usually associated with a negative mood. There can also be characteristic physiological signs associated with particular drugs - e.g. sweating and shivering.






33. The system of organs and structures in which gas exchange takes place. In mammals it consists of the airways - the lungs and the muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.






34. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t






35. A drug that acts to reduce the signs of inflammation - e.g. swelling - redness - heat and pain.






36. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.






37. The thinnest blood vessels.






38. The process of reducing pain - e.g. by taking morphine.






39. A gradual change in about 10% of chronic heavy drinkers whereby liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.






40. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).






41. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.






42. The part of a neuron that consists of a long wire-like projection - ending in a terminal which participates in a synapse with another cell. Action potentials are transmitted along these.






43. Vital to many chemical reactions in the body. Crystals containing these form an important part of the structure of bones.






44. Death.






45. The body system consisting of the heart - blood vessels and blood. It circulates blood throughout the body and is also known as the circulatory system.






46. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.






47. Most common type of age-related macular degeneration - in which the blood supply to the retina is reduced - resulting in gradual loss of vision.






48. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.






49. Refers to an infectious disease that can be transmitted by physical contact.






50. The transparent fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the lens of the eye.