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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
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Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A technique in which a person is placed in a particular psychological state and - in response to suggestions made by the hypnotist - can experience alterations in perception - memory and voluntary action.
infectious dose
hypnosis
tendons
ecotoxicology
2. A slimy - viscous substance secreted as a protective lubricant by the cells in the lining of the nose - throat and airways. Traps microbes and particles and is swept out of the respiratory system into the throat - to be coughed out or swallowed. Also
double-blind study
mucus
cardiovascular system
cast
3. A drug that acts to reduce the signs of inflammation - e.g. swelling - redness - heat and pain.
anti-inflammatory
natural selection
partial pressure
affect
4. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t
wave-particle duality
gas pressure
hyperopia
adaptive characteristic
5. A) Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged. b) An organelle containing the genetic material - found in most animal and plant cells.
endocrine disruptors
vasodilation
nucleus
partial pressure
6. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.
epidemiology
infant mortality rate
regenerative medicine
hypovolaemic shock
7. Diseases or disorders that develop as a result of the interaction over time of a combination of different risk factors - none of which on its own would be likely to cause the disease. These may include the inheritance of certain gene mutations from a
point-of-use' strategy
multifactorial disease
cell
incidence
8. This term indicates alcohol's effect in inducing 'psychological short-sightedness'. Alcohol lowers the range of attention - so that immediate events take on more importance than their future consequences.
transpiration
presynaptic neuron
refractive errors
alcohol myopia
9. Microscopic organisms (bacteria - fungi and protoctists) - together with viruses - whether pathogenic (disease-causing) or harmless; also known as microorganisms.
tendons
microbes
mitochondrio
agonist
10. An electrically charged atom or molecule. May be positively or negatively charged; e.g. Na+ (the positively charged sodium ion) and Cl- (the negatively charged chloride ion).
closed-angle glaucoma
ion
stunting
infectious dose
11. Visual defects caused by imperfections in the cornea and/or lens of the eye.
refractive errors
microbes
laser
image
12. A protein that is abundant in the extracellular matrix and can form long thin fibres to provide structure to many tissues.
fibrin
evolutionary trade-off
electronvolt
collagen
13. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.
inflammation
opportunistic screening
tendons
toxicology
14. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va
addiction
attenuation
cell
classical conditioning
15. Bonding Which is due to the electrical attraction of equal and opposite electrical charges and which holds the ions in salt crystals together.
ionic compound
presynaptic neuron
neuron
ionic bonding
16. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.
non-communicable diseases
structural formula
opiates
incubation period
17. A cell that is part of a malignant tumour; not subject to the body signals that tell normal cells when to divide or stop dividing - so they multiply in an uncontrolled way.
granulation tissue
subjective experience
cancer cell
pandemic
18. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl
optical power
nociceptive pain
risk factor
pyloric sphincter
19. Disease - disorder or traumatic injury characterised by rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration - From which the patient either recovers quickly or dies (CS 1 & 6). Some chronic (long-term) conditions can have acute episodes - e.g. exacerbat
acute condition
polyatomic ions
hyperopia
bipedality
20. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.
obesity
prevalence
drainage angle
veins
21. The system of muscles and bones and their various joints and linkages that facilitates support and movement in the body.
true negative
screening
alcohol myopia
musculoskeletal system
22. The ability of bacteria which have acquired a resistance gene to survive the action of an antibiotic drug that kills antibiotic-sensitive bacteria from the same strain.
fibrosis
information processing
antibiotic resistance
double bond
23. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.
cognitive-behavioural therapy
biopsy
fovea
endocrine disruptors
24. Number of new cases of a condition diagnosed in a population in a given period - usually one year.
arterial blood gas test
psychological trauma
dermis
incidence
25. Countries that are only partly industrialised and where national wealth is below that of the developed economies (also known as low- and middle-income countries). They rely to a much greater degree than developed countries on subsistence farming - sm
tissue
child mortality rate
developing countries
focal length
26. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.
total lung capacity
atomic nucleus
age-related macular degeneration
cast
27. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.
structural formula
attenuation
tissue
diarrhoeal diseases
28. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)
malignant cancer
disability adjusted life year
forced vital capacity
photon
29. A protein produced in the liver that circulates around the body and blocks the destructive effects of certain proteinase enzymes such as elastase.
negative predictive value
morbidity
radiologist
alpha-1 antitrypsin
30. For a screening procedure such as mammography - this value is the number of true negative results expressed as a percentage of the total number of negative results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person
residual volume
alpha-1 antitrypsin
mutagen
negative predictive value
31. Structures in the kidney that filter the blood and produce the urine.
visual acuity
LASIK
adaptive value
nephrons
32. A physiological reaction occurring in the body - triggered by the perception of aversive or threatening situations.
reflection
stress response
musculoskeletal system
epidemiology
33. A type of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in which new blood vessels form in an attempt to restore the blood supply to the retina. The new vessels are fragile - and may leak blood into the eye.
wet AMD
anti-inflammatory
toxicology
mutagen
34. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.
lung function test
fibrosis
regenerative medicine
tendons
35. Damage to the retina due to the abnormal blood flow that may develop in people with diabetes.
radiographer
ionising radiation
covalent bond
diabetic retinopathy
36. A substance composed of positively and negatively charged ions - held together by the electrical attraction between opposite charges. Salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) - in which the ions are organised in a regular crystal lattice - are this.
chronic pain
single-strand break
ionic compound
vacuum
37. A volume in which there are no atoms or molecules.
incubation period
tissue
prevalence
vacuum
38. Disease or disorder that often has a gradual onset - involves slowly changing symptoms and lasts for a long time.
conjunctivitis
chronic condition
inspiration
epidermis
39. Tissue in the centre of some large bones that contains cells (including stem cells) which are responsible for the production of white cells - red blood cells and a variety of other cells.
proteins
spirometer
atmospheric pressure
bone marrow
40. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou
proportional mortality
litre
negative feedback
connective tissue
41. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.
confounding factor
sweat glands
relative risk
forced expiratory volume in one second
42. Microbes that cause disease.
pain matrix
pathogens
reward
false positive
43. Industrial chemicals - commonly found as environmental pollutants - that disrupt the hormonal systems of animals - including humans.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
conjunctivitis
age-related macular degeneration
endocrine disruptors
44. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.
ionisation
regenerative medicine
pain
wind-up
45. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.
phantom pain
trichiasis
adaptive characteristic
particulates
46. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.
side-effects
covalent bond
fibroblast
pyloric sphincter
47. Leading global causes of visual impairment that have been identified by the WHO's Vision 2020 project as targets that can be prevented or treated. They include refractive errors and low vision - cataract - glaucoma - AMD - diabetic retinopathy and tr
inflammatory mediators
priority eye diseases
veins
immunodeficiency
48. The standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; it has the symbol l.
mortality
respiratory centres
osteoclasts
litre
49. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)
atmospheric pressure
catalyst
macula lutea
cellular respiration
50. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.
true negative
DNA repair protein
pain matrix
diarrhoeal diseases
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