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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Severe psychological shock.
obesity
psychological trauma
trichiasis
disinfectant
2. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.
hypoxia
pupil
sensory neuron
stunting
3. The removal of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule.
ionisation
endothelial cells
haemoglobin
diaphragm
4. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.
carcinoma
traumatic injury
chronic effects
mutagen
5. A) A process in which the photon energy is captured by a medium - without transmission or reflection. b) The process by which the molecules released from digested food pass through the wall of the gut and into the surrounding blood vessels.
vasodilation
inhibitory synapse
absorption
central nervous system
6. The study of the fate of chemical contaminants in the natural environment and their effects on plants - animals and ecosystems.
synapse
ecotoxicology
fibroblast
prevalence rate
7. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.
concave
myopia
visual disability
hypothesis
8. A tissue made up of cells embedded in a matrix of protein fibres which includes bones - fat and tendons; they connect - support - or surround other tissues and organs.
connective tissue
conditional stimulus
forced expiratory volume in one second
peripheral nervous system
9. Most common type of age-related macular degeneration - in which the blood supply to the retina is reduced - resulting in gradual loss of vision.
cognitive-behavioural therapy
acute condition
dry AMD
opiates
10. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that
reward
natural selection
deoxygenated blood
carcinoma
11. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.
endothelial cells
deterministic
opioid
cell membrane
12. A multi-disciplinary programme of care for patients with chronic respiratory conditions - Which is tailored to the individual and combines exercise and education to address all aspects of living with the condition.
inflammation
disinfectant
pulmonary rehabilitation
trichromacy
13. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. It consists only of the atoms characteristic - e.g. hydrogen (H) - oxygen (O) - nitrogen (N) - sodium (Na) - chlorine (Cl) - mercury (Hg). There are 92 naturally oc
element
amygdale
oxidation
incubation period
14. An agent - such as a chemical - ultraviolet light - or a radioactive substance that can induce - or increase the frequency of - mutations in DNA.
convex
reflex
choroid
mutagen
15. The process of inspiring or inhaling; the drawing in of air into the lungs.
lung function test
inspiration
oxygenated blood
scar
16. Fuel derived from plant matter or animal waste - e.g. wood - straw - dried animal dung.
biomass fuel
endocrine system
venous return
traumatic injury
17. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t
chemical formula
population screening
bond dissociation energy
metastasis
18. A response to a stimulus or substance (such as alcohol) which occurs rapidly and produces severe - possibly life-threatening - symptoms.
epidemic
ecosystems
false negative
acute effects
19. A readily measured statistic or parameter that can be used in place of a more complex statistic - or to 'stand in for' one that is impossible to measure directly; e.g. disease statistics are often used as this for the 'health' of a population; the nu
open angle glaucoma
opportunistic screening
proxy measure
cognition
20. Disease or disorder that often has a gradual onset - involves slowly changing symptoms and lasts for a long time.
chronic condition
optician
colour deficiency
toxin
21. A small airway branching from a bronchus.
dependence
excitatory synapse
bronchiole
population age-structures
22. Diseases involving the frequent passing of liquid faeces; they are caused by a wide variety of pathogens - including viruses - bacteria and protoctists (single-celled organisms).
agriculture
diarrhoeal diseases
toxicology
opiates
23. Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person (also known as 'non-infectious diseases' or 'chronic conditions' or 'long-term conditions'); they mainly develop slowly over time and persist for a long period - or are irreversible; e.g. canc
anti-inflammatory
non-communicable diseases
gas pressure
cellular respiration
24. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it
hepatitis
classical conditioning
proteins
capillaries
25. The term given to those units of measurement that scientists all over the world have agreed to use in their publications; e.g. the second (s) - the kilogram (kg) - and the metre (m).
levers
drainage angle
cognitive-behavioural therapy
SI Units
26. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).
nearwork activity
bioaccumulation
coronary heart disease
tissue engineering
27. The system of muscles and bones and their various joints and linkages that facilitates support and movement in the body.
oestrogens
double bond
musculoskeletal system
fulcrum
28. The process of breaking down foods in the body into the molecules needed to maintain life.
greenstick fracture
cancellous
metabolism
collagen
29. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ
cast
closed-angle glaucoma
body mass index
stress response
30. The amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs in the first second of expiration - abbreviated to FEV1.
toxicology
pain
forced expiratory volume in one second
carboxyhaemoglobin
31. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.
optical power
double bond
pain matrix
legal blindness
32. A screening procedure has high of this if - in people who do not have the disease being screened for - the procedure is very likely not to detect disease - that is - to give a negative result. Numerically - this is calculated by expressing the number
age-related macular degeneration
nerve
specificity
effective dose
33. The blood pressure that is detected during heart contractions - Which is higher than the diastolic pressure.
postsynaptic neuron
nerve
ionic bonding
systolic blood pressure
34. Screening that takes place haphazardly when an opportunity arises - for example - when a patient consults a doctor about something unrelated and is referred for a screening test.
body systems
proteinase
vasopressin
opportunistic screening
35. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.
pyloric sphincter
peripheral nervous system
lung function test
coronary heart disease
36. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.
morbidity
rods
residual volume
double-strand break
37. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.
arteries
epidermis
calcium ions
alpha-1 antitrypsin
38. To breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal.
structural formula
hyperventilate
covalent bond
systolic blood pressure
39. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (
agonist
macula lutea
focal length
compact bone
40. An atom that is better than other atoms at attracting electrons to itself; e.g. oxygen
psychological trauma
pyloric sphincter
somatic nervous system
electronegative
41. A scale from 0 to 14 describing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution - where 7 is neutral - greater than 7 is more basic (alkaline) and less than 7 is more acidic.
trachea
cast
single-strand break
pH scale
42. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - but who actually has the disease.
chemoreceptor
false negative
enzyme
attenuation coefficient
43. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.
oxygenated blood
stunting
invasive cancer
binge drinking
44. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.
fovea
scar
sweat glands
spirometry
45. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.
protons
epinephrine
cataract
axon terminal
46. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.
reinforcer
reflection
xenobiotic
tissue
47. A measure of the real impact of a particular disease - disorder or disability on people's lives (DALY) - combining an estimate of the number of years lived with a reduced quality of life - taking into account the severity of the condition (every cond
tendons
powers of ten
leukocytes
disability adjusted life year
48. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(
partial pressure
axon terminal
residual volume
tendons
49. The total amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs - abbreviated to FVC.
forced vital capacity
bond
subjective experience
polyatomic ions
50. An excessive engagement in an activity despite negative consequences and a dependence upon the activity such that when access is denied - craving and withdrawal symptoms are seen. Most usually refers to dependency on a chemical substance but need not
nociception
interneuron
presynaptic neuron
addiction