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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.






2. The cultivation of land for the purpose of crop production and/or the rearing of livestock - primarily for food - but also to provide materials - e.g. for fuel - clothing and shelter.






3. Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person (also known as 'non-infectious diseases' or 'chronic conditions' or 'long-term conditions'); they mainly develop slowly over time and persist for a long period - or are irreversible; e.g. canc






4. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - and who actually does not have the disease.






5. An electrically charged atom or molecule. May be positively or negatively charged; e.g. Na+ (the positively charged sodium ion) and Cl- (the negatively charged chloride ion).






6. A process at an interface of two media in which light is returned into the original medium without transmission or absorption.






7. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).






8. That part of the nervous system that is not within the central nervous system. It is made up of nerves throughout the body.






9. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.






10. The blood pressure that is detected during heart contractions - Which is higher than the diastolic pressure.






11. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.






12. Disease - disorder or traumatic injury characterised by rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration - From which the patient either recovers quickly or dies (CS 1 & 6). Some chronic (long-term) conditions can have acute episodes - e.g. exacerbat






13. The eye chart used to determine how well a person can see at various distances. Named after a 19th-century Dutch ophthalmologist Hermann Snellen (1834-1908) who devised a test for visual acuity.






14. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.






15. The cells that produce new bone.






16. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ






17. The total number of people who have a disease - disorder or disability at a particular point in time - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






18. Microscopic organisms (bacteria - fungi and protoctists) - together with viruses - whether pathogenic (disease-causing) or harmless; also known as microorganisms.






19. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.






20. A global strategy to combat trachoma - involving eyelid surgery - antibiotic treatment - attention to facial cleanliness and environmental changes.






21. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.






22. The pivot point about which a lever rotates.






23. A condition in which a person exceeds a certain threshold for the proportion of body weight that consists of fat. In most assessments based on body mass index - a BMI of greater than 30 is defined as clinically obese.






24. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.






25. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (






26. The number of individual pathogens required to cause disease in an infected person; the number varies from one infectious disease to another.






27. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.






28. A fracture that occurs because the bone has been weakened through osteoporosis.






29. A response to a stimulus or substance (such as alcohol) which occurs rapidly and produces severe - possibly life-threatening - symptoms.






30. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an excitatory effect on a postsynaptic cell - e.g. it excites further action potentials in a second cell.






31. Disease - disorder or disability.






32. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.






33. The flow of blood back to the heart in the veins.






34. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.






35. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)






36. A class of substances arising from outside the body - but Which bear a close similarity to naturally occurring opioids in their structure and effect; they include heroin derived from the opium poppy and morphine.






37. A) A process in which the photon energy is captured by a medium - without transmission or reflection. b) The process by which the molecules released from digested food pass through the wall of the gut and into the surrounding blood vessels.






38. A slimy - viscous substance secreted as a protective lubricant by the cells in the lining of the nose - throat and airways. Traps microbes and particles and is swept out of the respiratory system into the throat - to be coughed out or swallowed. Also






39. The system of organs and structures in which gas exchange takes place. In mammals it consists of the airways - the lungs and the muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.






40. The blood pressure that is detected between heart contractions (lower than the systolic blood pressure).






41. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.






42. Refers to an infectious disease that can be transmitted by physical contact.






43. Tissue in the centre of some large bones that contains cells (including stem cells) which are responsible for the production of white cells - red blood cells and a variety of other cells.






44. A process in which light passes through a medium unaffected - e.g. light passing through clear glass.






45. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.






46. Each element has been assigned one of these - often the first letter - or two of the first letters of the name; for example - H stands for hydrogen - C for carbon - N for nitrogen - Ca for calcium and O for oxygen.






47. Deliberately deciding never to drink alcohol.






48. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver






49. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.






50. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.