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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.






2. An atom of hydrogen and an atom of oxygen bonded together - Which is bonded to an organic molecule; can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules.






3. A) A process in which the photon energy is captured by a medium - without transmission or reflection. b) The process by which the molecules released from digested food pass through the wall of the gut and into the surrounding blood vessels.






4. The type of bone (sometimes called compact) that is more dense (compared with cancellous bone) and very strong. It is found in the parts of the bone that need to withstand the largest forces.






5. A test that measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in a sample of blood from an artery - e.g. in the wrist. Used to evaluate the efficiency of gas exchange between the blood and the lungs.






6. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.






7. A response to a stimulus or substance (such as alcohol) which occurs rapidly and produces severe - possibly life-threatening - symptoms.






8. Qualified to employ a range of equipment such as X-rays - MRI scanners - etc. to produce images to diagnose an injury or disease. They will then have undergone further specialist training in mammography. (Two types - diagnostic and therapeutic; the l






9. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.






10. A chemical that has the effect of blocking the action of a natural substance such as a neurochemical. (






11. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).






12. The separation of waste products from the blood.






13. A proteinase (protein-degrading) enzyme that catalyses (facilitates) the breakdown of elastin and other related proteins.






14. The movement of atoms or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration - until the concentration is the same throughout the available volume. Atoms and small molecules can also move across a permeable cell membran






15. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.






16. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.






17. The pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere at a particular location as a result of the mass of the column of air above it. At sea level - it is 760 mmHg or 101.325 kPa.






18. Stimuli that are associated with actual or potential damage to body tissues.






19. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)






20. A complex specialised molecule embedded in the outer membrane of a cell - or in its internal structure - which has a unique three-dimensional shape and patterns of electrical charge that enable it to bind specifically to a particular signalling molec






21. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver






22. Cells that can divide to produce daughter cells - which can then differentiate to become any of a range of different cell types.






23. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).






24. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.






25. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.






26. A complex molecule composed of smaller molecules (globin and haem) and iron atoms. It is a component of erythrocytes and its function is to bind reversibly to oxygen.






27. A lens shape with a greater thickness at the centre than at each end.






28. A drug that acts to reduce the signs of inflammation - e.g. swelling - redness - heat and pain.






29. Counts of deaths.






30. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. It consists only of the atoms characteristic - e.g. hydrogen (H) - oxygen (O) - nitrogen (N) - sodium (Na) - chlorine (Cl) - mercury (Hg). There are 92 naturally oc






31. Any factor Which is statistically associated with a particular outcome (e.g. the incidence of a disease) - but Which is not involved in its causation. The association can disguise the true cause (or causes) of the outcome.






32. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.






33. A class of natural neurotransmitters that have a similar structure and action to morphine and heroin.






34. A technique where people learn to change their thought patterns and behaviour to create feelings of coping and self-efficacy; e.g. people in chronic pain might be taught to place a less catastrophic interpretation on their pain.






35. Colours on opposite sides of the colour circle.






36. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil






37. The entire range or extent of some quantity - arranged in order; e.g. electromagnetic or visible light.






38. Fuel derived from plant matter or animal waste - e.g. wood - straw - dried animal dung.






39. A small airway branching from a bronchus.






40. Disease - disorder or disability.






41. Condition in which no colour at all can be seen.






42. The concentration of ethanol in blood given in mg per 100 ml.






43. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that






44. The size and direction of a push or pull.






45. A term that refers to the fact that the connections between neurons are not static. Rather - they are subject to change as result of activity within the neurons concerned. It can mean - over a period of time - increased sensitivity of connections bet






46. Often abbreviated to 'risk factors'; anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different population






47. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.






48. Leading global causes of visual impairment that have been identified by the WHO's Vision 2020 project as targets that can be prevented or treated. They include refractive errors and low vision - cataract - glaucoma - AMD - diabetic retinopathy and tr






49. Any fracture where the overlying skin is broken.






50. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.