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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.






2. Tissues that are like tendons in terms of structure but connect bones to each other (rather than bones to muscles).






3. A condition in which the conjunctiva is inflamed.






4. An estimate of the probability of developing a particular disease or disorder in a population that has been exposed to a particular risk factor - relative to the probability of developing the condition if the risk factor was not present.






5. Screening that takes place haphazardly when an opportunity arises - for example - when a patient consults a doctor about something unrelated and is referred for a screening test.






6. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.






7. Any unintended and undesirable consequences of medical treatment; also known in medicine as an adverse effect or reaction.






8. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.






9. Condition in which no colour at all can be seen.






10. The cells associated with peripheral neurons that wrap themselves around the axons.






11. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






12. Most common type of age-related macular degeneration - in which the blood supply to the retina is reduced - resulting in gradual loss of vision.






13. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.






14. A substance (usually liquid) in which other substances dissolve.






15. Countries that are only partly industrialised and where national wealth is below that of the developed economies (also known as low- and middle-income countries). They rely to a much greater degree than developed countries on subsistence farming - sm






16. A form of notation (also known as 'scientific notation') used for expressing very large or very small numbers.






17. The spread of malignant - cancerous cells to other parts of the body by way of the blood or lymph vessels.






18. Immune system cells that circulate around the body helping to protect it from infection and some other types of disease; also known as white cells.






19. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.






20. Often abbreviated to 'risk factors'; anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different population






21. A protein produced in the liver that circulates around the body and blocks the destructive effects of certain proteinase enzymes such as elastase.






22. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - but who actually has the disease.






23. The statistical study of the occurrence - distribution - potential causes and control of diseases and disabilities in human populations (CS 1 - 3 - 4 & 6)






24. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.






25. The total number of people who have a disease - disorder or disability at a particular point in time - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






26. A non-invasive method of measuring the level of oxygenation of the blood by using light absorption to calculate the relative levels of haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin.






27. The blood pressure that is detected between heart contractions (lower than the systolic blood pressure).






28. The energy needed to break a bond between two atoms.






29. Inflammation with a rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration.






30. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.






31. The visual condition of long-sightedness in which images of nearby objects cannot be focused sharply.






32. That part of the nervous system that is not within the central nervous system. It is made up of nerves throughout the body.






33. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the






34. A chemical that is stored within the axon terminal of a neuron and is released in response to electrical activity within that neuron. It passes the short distance to a neighbouring cell (neuron or muscle cell) where it binds to a neurotransmitter rec






35. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






36. This refers to a random effect of ionising radiation. There is no radiation threshold at which the effect inevitably occurs - but the probability of an effect occurring increases with the amount of radiation received.






37. An agent - such as a chemical - ultraviolet light - or a radioactive substance that can induce - or increase the frequency of - mutations in DNA.






38. A form of energy that can be described as either a wave or as a flow of 'packets' of energy. It includes gamma rays - X-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves and radio waves. The different types of radiation are distinguished by






39. The behaviour of electromagnetic radiation cannot be adequately described in all situations by any one model. In some situations the wave model is appropriate - in others the particle model - which describes the radiation as photons - must be used.






40. The ability to stand - walk and run - supported only by the hind limbs.






41. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').






42. Colours on opposite sides of the colour circle.






43. A disorder of the fetus or infant caused by excessive maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy.






44. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(






45. An intense conscious occupation with thoughts of the object of an addiction.






46. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.






47. Blood that contains a high level of oxygen and in which most of the haemoglobin has been converted into oxyhaemoglobin by bonding to oxygen.






48. The movement of atoms or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration - until the concentration is the same throughout the available volume. Atoms and small molecules can also move across a permeable cell membran






49. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.






50. Particulates suspended in air that are less than 10 micrometres in diameter.