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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A small group of atoms bonded together which carry an overall electrical charge; e.g. the bicarbonate ion and the nitrate ion.
vitreous humour
polyatomic ions
analgesics
hyperopia
2. A method for determining the efficiency of gas transfer between the lungs and the pulmonary blood capillaries.
total lung capacity
double-blind study
gas transfer test
fibrosis
3. Pain of relatively short duration and associated with actual damage to tissues.
mammography
acute pain
disease risk factors
colour blind
4. A narrow beam of light used to show the direction of travel of light from a source.
light ray
complementary colours
transmission
extracellular matrix
5. A protein produced in the liver that circulates around the body and blocks the destructive effects of certain proteinase enzymes such as elastase.
alpha-1 antitrypsin
metabolism
psychobiological approach
biopsy
6. Pain that arises from damage to neurons either within the central nervous system or in the periphery of the body.
tissue engineering
hyperopia
nociceptive pain
neurogenic pain
7. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.
antibiotic resistance
single-strand break
mammals
acute pain
8. The joining of tissues to each other that may occur abnormally during repair.
adhesion
plasticity
pulse oximetry
alcohol tolerant
9. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.
atomic nucleus
relative risk
phagocyte
pulmonary hypertension
10. Gradual changes that occur slowly over time and may be irreversible - often in response to repeated exposure to a stimulus or toxic substance (e.g. alcohol).
nucleus
compact bone
population screening
chronic effects
11. The change of thickness of the lens of the eye so that focal length changes. This allows light from objects at different distances to be sharply focused in turn on the retina.
point-of-use' strategy
accommodation
metabolism
electron
12. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.
chemoreceptor
hypothesis
spirometer
fetal alcohol syndrome
13. The ability to stand - walk and run - supported only by the hind limbs.
double-blind study
bipedality
agriculture
SAFE
14. This condition occurs when the arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle become blocked by fatty deposits known as plaques - and areas of muscle die as a result.
choroid
pain matrix
coronary heart disease
collagen
15. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil
equivalent dose
fulcrum
visual acuity
alveolus
16. The standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; it has the symbol l.
hydrogen bond
litre
respiration
wet AMD
17. A bundle of the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. (Occasionally employed informally to refer to a bundle of axons within the central nervous system.)
nerve
pain
ecosystems
colour deficiency
18. A stimulus that has no intrinsic power to trigger a particular response but which acquires this power after being associated with another stimulus. For example - a bell does not normally trigger salivation but - after pairing with food - it acquires
vitreous humour
nucleus
fracture
conditional stimulus
19. A sudden change in potential difference (voltage) across the cell membrane of neurons - consisting of an increase in the resting potential and a sudden return to the resting value. Transmitted along axons and constitute the principal 'language' of co
mortality rate
action potential
chemical formula
cognition
20. Condition in which no colour at all can be seen.
atmospheric pressure
colour blind
atom
immunodeficiency
21. Haemoglobin bound to oxygen molecules. Transports oxygen from blood vessels in the lungs to the cells in the rest of the body.
iris
excitatory synapse
oxyhaemoglobin
diabetic retinopathy
22. The process by which collagen is produced by fibroblasts following tissue damage - often resulting in scar formation.
prevalence rate
fibrosis
skeletal muscle
negative feedback
23. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.
metastasis
chemical bond
double-strand break
carcinoma
24. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.
myopia
vasodilation
xenobiotic
carcinoma
25. A condition in which the optic nerve becomes damaged - usually because the pressure of fluid within the eye becomes too high - leading to a progressive loss of vision.
atomic nucleus
fibrin
glaucoma
systolic blood pressure
26. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.
cartilage
vasodilation
trauma
bronchodilator
27. A process in which light passes through a medium unaffected - e.g. light passing through clear glass.
proteins
transmission
chemical bond
colour deficiency
28. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va
osteoporosis
psychological trauma
catalyst
cell
29. This refers to a random effect of ionising radiation. There is no radiation threshold at which the effect inevitably occurs - but the probability of an effect occurring increases with the amount of radiation received.
additive primary colours
hydrogen bond
neuron
stochastic
30. Negatively charged particle of almost no mass that surround the nucleus of an atom.
amygdale
reward
electron
psychogenic stimuli
31. A substance (usually liquid) in which other substances dissolve.
inhibitory synapse
nociception
solvent
bronchus
32. A volume in which there are no atoms or molecules.
infant mortality rate
chemoreceptor
drainage angle
vacuum
33. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.
macula lutea
optometrist
gate theory
neutron
34. That part of the nervous system that exerts control over the skeletal muscles and thereby over behaviour.
collagen
vasopressin
stunting
somatic nervous system
35. Qualified to employ a range of equipment such as X-rays - MRI scanners - etc. to produce images to diagnose an injury or disease. They will then have undergone further specialist training in mammography. (Two types - diagnostic and therapeutic; the l
radiographer
lower respiratory infection
traumatic injury
powers of ten
36. A technique in which a person is placed in a particular psychological state and - in response to suggestions made by the hypnotist - can experience alterations in perception - memory and voluntary action.
alcohol tolerant
refractive errors
single bond
hypnosis
37. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t
cardiovascular system
alcohol myopia
selection pressure
brain imaging
38. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.
postsynaptic neuron
chronic pain
population age-structures
diarrhoeal diseases
39. The structure within the eye where the iris meets the cornea - where excess aqueous humour from the front of the eye can drain.
bioaccumulation
plasticity
cancellous
drainage angle
40. A bond between two atoms formed when an outer electron from each of the atoms is shared between them to form an electron pair bond.
tendons
covalent bond
proteins
closed fracture
41. The statistical study of the occurrence - distribution - potential causes and control of diseases and disabilities in human populations (CS 1 - 3 - 4 & 6)
bioaccumulation
intensity
epidemiology
litre
42. The number of cases of a disease - disorder or disability in a population - relative to the total number of people at risk of developing it; usually expressed as the number of cases per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.
spectrum
body mass index
vasopressin
morbidity rate
43. A very long macromolecule found in the cell nucleus - abbreviated to DNA. It is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics through the generations in all organisms. The genetic information is carried
osteoblasts
reward
deoxyribonucleic acid
visual acuity
44. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.
partial pressure
polymer
pulse oximetry
diarrhoeal diseases
45. A condition in which a person exceeds a certain threshold for the proportion of body weight that consists of fat. In most assessments based on body mass index - a BMI of greater than 30 is defined as clinically obese.
scar
subjective experience
neutron
obesity
46. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.
inhibitory synapse
peripheral nervous system
bond
alcoholic poisoning
47. A type of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in which new blood vessels form in an attempt to restore the blood supply to the retina. The new vessels are fragile - and may leak blood into the eye.
polar molecule
wet AMD
multifactorial disease
protons
48. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.
Schwann cells
pulmonary hypertension
tendons
cognition
49. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.
fatty liver
opiates
chronic bronchitis
placebo effect
50. Deliberately deciding never to drink alcohol.
abstinence
forced vital capacity
subjective experience
convex