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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.






2. An estimate of the probability of developing a particular disease or disorder in a population that has been exposed to a particular risk factor - relative to the probability of developing the condition if the risk factor was not present.






3. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.






4. A visual impairment in which the lens of the eye loses transparency and exhibits reduced light transmission.






5. The production of any colour by varying the relative intensities of the subtractive primaries (cyan - magenta and yellow).






6. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.






7. The number of photons passing through a given area per second.






8. The skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis and provides the strength and elasticity of the skin.






9. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






10. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.






11. The concentration of ethanol in blood given in mg per 100 ml.






12. A clearly stated provisional explanation for a set of observations or data - devised for the purpose of testing its validity by the collection of additional data or by conducting an experiment.






13. The process of breaking down foods in the body into the molecules needed to maintain life.






14. The transparent gelatinous fluid within the eyeball (between the lens and the retina).






15. The release of water vapour by plants.






16. An eye-surgery technique where the epithelial layer of the eye is removed and laser treatment applied to the tissues exposed beneath (abbreviated to PRK).






17. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.






18. A disorder of the fetus or infant caused by excessive maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy.






19. A class of substances arising from outside the body - but Which bear a close similarity to naturally occurring opioids in their structure and effect; they include heroin derived from the opium poppy and morphine.






20. An approach to explanation which implies two closely related things: (i) both biological and psychological sciences have central roles in the explanation - and (ii) a given phenomenon to be studied within this perspective - such as pain - has both bi






21. A beneficial effect deriving from a procedure with no intrinsic benefit. It relies upon the context in which the intervention is made; e.g. a sugar pill might serve as a placebo if the patient believes that it will bring some benefits. (






22. For a screening procedure such as mammography - the number of true positive results expressed as a percentage of the total number of positive results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person with a positiv






23. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.






24. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.






25. A chemical that has the effect of blocking the action of a natural substance such as a neurochemical. (






26. An atom of hydrogen and an atom of oxygen bonded together - Which is bonded to an organic molecule; can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules.






27. The cells that produce new bone.






28. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.






29. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.






30. A condition in which a person exceeds a certain threshold for the proportion of body weight that consists of fat. In most assessments based on body mass index - a BMI of greater than 30 is defined as clinically obese.






31. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)






32. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi






33. An atom that is better than other atoms at attracting electrons to itself; e.g. oxygen






34. A technique in which a person is placed in a particular psychological state and - in response to suggestions made by the hypnotist - can experience alterations in perception - memory and voluntary action.






35. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl






36. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t






37. The flat cells that line the cardiovascular system.






38. A protein produced by a living organism that functions as a catalyst. It facilitates other molecules entering into chemical reactions with one another - but is itself unaffected by these reactions.






39. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.






40. A graft where the donor tissue comes from another person (as opposed to an autograft where it comes from the same person).






41. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.






42. That part of the nervous system that exerts control over the skeletal muscles and thereby over behaviour.






43. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.






44. Inflammation with a rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration.






45. A volume in which there are no atoms or molecules.






46. A subunit of the scientific unit of volume - the litre. One litre can be divided into 1000 of these.






47. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.






48. A system of glands (also known as ductless glands) - each of which secretes one or more hormones directly into the bloodstream. (CS 1 - 2 & 3)






49. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a body - or a quantity of liquid - by 1 A






50. A condition in which the conjunctiva is inflamed.