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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.






2. A class of substances arising from outside the body - but Which bear a close similarity to naturally occurring opioids in their structure and effect; they include heroin derived from the opium poppy and morphine.






3. A chemical that reduces microbial contamination of water - surfaces - etc.






4. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.






5. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it






6. A state in which addicts come to depend upon a drug for their 'normal' mental functioning.






7. A reduction in the number of photons passing through a material. It is caused by both absorption and scattering.






8. A form of energy that can be described as either a wave or as a flow of 'packets' of energy. It includes gamma rays - X-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves and radio waves. The different types of radiation are distinguished by






9. That part of the nervous system that exerts control over the skeletal muscles and thereby over behaviour.






10. The production of any colour by varying the relative intensities of the subtractive primaries (cyan - magenta and yellow).






11. A drug that widens the airways of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles.






12. Disease - disorder or disability.






13. A complex molecule composed of smaller molecules (globin and haem) and iron atoms. It is a component of erythrocytes and its function is to bind reversibly to oxygen.






14. The transparent gelatinous fluid within the eyeball (between the lens and the retina).






15. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.






16. A region of cortex at the front of the brain - where the activity of neurons is associated with voluntary control of behaviour (self-control) and restraint. Biological evidence suggests that mild to moderate doses of alcohol selectively depress the a






17. A very long macromolecule found in the cell nucleus - abbreviated to DNA. It is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics through the generations in all organisms. The genetic information is carried






18. Damage to the retina due to the abnormal blood flow that may develop in people with diabetes.






19. An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.(






20. A lens shape with a greater thickness at each end than through the centre.






21. A single point on the optical axis of a lens onto which all light rays parallel to that axis are directed.






22. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.






23. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi






24. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.






25. Immune system cells that circulate around the body helping to protect it from infection and some other types of disease; also known as white cells.






26. A hormone secreted by the suprarenal gland (formerly the adrenal gland) upon stimulation by the central nervous system in response to stress - anger - fear or exertion. It has many effects on the body - e.g. increasing heart rate and output. Also kno






27. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.






28. Type of glaucoma in which the outflow of aqueous humour from the eye is blocked because the gap between the iris and the cornea has closed.






29. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.






30. A) Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged. b) An organelle containing the genetic material - found in most animal and plant cells.






31. The process of detecting stimuli that cause actual or potential damage to the tissues of the body.






32. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).






33. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a body - or a quantity of liquid - by 1 A






34. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.






35. Over time - a need for an increasing amount of drug to obtain the same level of effect - e.g. the amount of alcohol required to produce intoxication.






36. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.






37. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.






38. A substance composed of positively and negatively charged ions - held together by the electrical attraction between opposite charges. Salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) - in which the ions are organised in a regular crystal lattice - are this.






39. Persistent inflammation over long periods of time that occurs when the tissues are unable to overcome the effects of an injurious agent.






40. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.






41. A type of cell that can migrate into wound sites and make new extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen.






42. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.






43. Tissue that is found at joints and during bone repair. Its structure is a bit like bone without the mineral component - giving a smooth and resilient surface to the ends of bones to aid movement at joints.






44. Certain kinds of activity with which the brain is engaged - i.e. the processing of information that is summarised by the term 'mind'. It is exemplified by thinking - memory - reasoning and interpreting.






45. Countries that are only partly industrialised and where national wealth is below that of the developed economies (also known as low- and middle-income countries). They rely to a much greater degree than developed countries on subsistence farming - sm






46. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(






47. Memory for events or issues related to oneself.






48. Substances in which an interaction or reaction occurs - or in which an event takes place - or chemicals or objects are transported or supported - e.g. a medium through which a wave is transmitted in the refraction of light.






49. The build-up of levels of a chemical contaminant in the bodies of animals at successive levels in a food chain.






50. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.