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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The yellow central area of the retina containing the fovea.
lock-and-key interaction
dry AMD
natural selection
macula lutea
2. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.
PM10
specificity
carboxyhaemoglobin
gas pressure
3. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short
central nervous system
primates
LASIK
incubation period
4. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.
neurogenic pain
elastase
fatty liver
acute inflammation
5. The most common type of glaucoma - caused by a partial blockage of trabeculae - which reduces the rate at which the aqueous fluid can drain away from the eye and thus leads to a build up of intraocular pressure.
proportional morbidity
open angle glaucoma
allograft
analgesics
6. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t
selection pressure
natural selection
atmospheric pressure
tidal volume
7. A chemical that has the effect of blocking the action of a natural substance such as a neurochemical. (
receptor
mammals
antagonist
attenuation
8. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.
greenstick fracture
compact bone
cataract
covalent bond
9. The total volume of gas contained in the lungs after a full inspiration (it is equal to vital capacity plus residual volume). (Abbreviated to TLC)
craving
epidemic
spirogram
total lung capacity
10. Characteristic signs that follow the termination of taking a drug - most usually associated with a negative mood. There can also be characteristic physiological signs associated with particular drugs - e.g. sweating and shivering.
electromagnetic radiation
inspiration
extracellular matrix
withdrawal symptoms
11. The material outside the cells in a tissue in which the cells are embedded. It is mainly made from proteins made by and arranged by the cells.
scatter plot
brain imaging
protons
extracellular matrix
12. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level
epidemic
stress response
action potential
low vision
13. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)
bar chart
selection pressure
bond dissociation energy
malignant cancer
14. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues.
agriculture
attenuation
developed countries
acidosis
15. Death.
high-risk screening
proportional mortality
mortality
granulation tissue
16. The smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element. Made up of a positively charged atomic nucleus - containing protons and neutrons - surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
conditional stimulus
musculoskeletal system
atom
invasive cancer
17. A drug that widens the airways of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles.
inflammatory mediators
additive primary colours
toxicology
bronchodilator
18. A graphical method of showing whether two numerical variables are related to one another. They are called 'variables' because they can each have a range of possible values. Each data point represents a particular entity - such as a country - for whic
nearwork activity
scatter plot
ethanol
choroid
19. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.
true negative
cast
bacteria
double-strand break
20. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.
sputum
chronic pain
bronchodilator
millilitres
21. The integrated body system of organs - tissues - cells and proteins that functions to protect the body from potentially pathogenic organisms (microbes) or harmful substances.
chronic inflammation
immune system
information processing
incidence rate
22. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va
trachoma
cell
ethanol
cirrhosis
23. The part of a neuron that consists of a long wire-like projection - ending in a terminal which participates in a synapse with another cell. Action potentials are transmitted along these.
axon
ionic bonding
primates
vitreous humour
24. An approach to explanation which implies two closely related things: (i) both biological and psychological sciences have central roles in the explanation - and (ii) a given phenomenon to be studied within this perspective - such as pain - has both bi
chronic pain
psychobiological approach
lung function test
veins
25. A decreasing ability of the lens of the eye to accommodate - often associated with increasing age.
hyperopia
presbyopia
antibiotic resistance
hydrogen bond
26. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.
trachoma
visual impairment
LASIK
immunodeficiency
27. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.
deoxyribonucleic acid
cornea
alcoholic poisoning
proportional morbidity
28. Any cell that ingests and destroys foreign particles - bacteria and cell debris.
myofibrils
focal length
phagocyte
neurotransmitter
29. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.
spirometer
developing countries
proxy measure
cerebral hemisphere
30. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.
binge drinking
vasodilation
organ
psychogenic stimuli
31. The study of the relationship between the structure and the function of body systems.
element
physiology
risk factor
ophthalmologist
32. An intense conscious occupation with thoughts of the object of an addiction.
opiates
classical conditioning
craving
spirometry
33. Negatively charged particle of almost no mass that surround the nucleus of an atom.
polyatomic ions
electron
millilitres
cortex
34. Industrial chemicals - commonly found as environmental pollutants - that disrupt the hormonal systems of animals - including humans.
endocrine disruptors
false positive
stroma
vitreous humour
35. Inflammation with a rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration.
positive predictive value
covalent bond
myofibre
acute inflammation
36. Also known as 'organ systems'; combinations of organs and tissues that function in a coordinated way; e.g. the circulatory system - the nervous system - the respiratory system.
nephrons
body systems
ligaments
compact bone
37. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.
wet AMD
contagious
heat capacity
osteoclasts
38. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.
musculoskeletal system
vasopressin
obesity
xenobiotic
39. The behaviour of electromagnetic radiation cannot be adequately described in all situations by any one model. In some situations the wave model is appropriate - in others the particle model - which describes the radiation as photons - must be used.
anti-inflammatory
wave-particle duality
total lung capacity
positive predictive value
40. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.
pH scale
inhibitory synapse
drainage angle
absorption
41. Recognisable assemblages of plants and animals - such as woodland - grassland - rivers - etc. - in which a distinct set of plants and animals live together and interact with one another.
epidermis
incubation period
haemoglobin
ecosystems
42. Stimuli that are associated with actual or potential damage to body tissues.
noxious stimuli
Snellen letter chart
somatic nervous system
opiates
43. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver
age-standardisation
developing countries
polyatomic ions
subjective experience
44. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.
axon
true positive
pyloric sphincter
absorbed dose
45. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.
fatty liver
mammals
cerebral hemisphere
proteins
46. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.
focal length
vacuum
prevalence
protons
47. Microbes that cause disease.
atomic nucleus
pathogens
nephrons
sputum
48. A graft where the donor tissue comes from the same person (as opposed to an allograft where it comes from another person).
affect
autograft
traumatic injury
insufficiency fracture
49. The systematic application of a test or investigation to people who have not sought medical attention - in order to identify those whose risk of developing a particular disease is sufficient to justify further action.
systolic blood pressure
drainage angle
screening
pH scale
50. A reduction in the number of photons passing through a material. It is caused by both absorption and scattering.
attenuation
transmission
specificity
spirogram