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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)
intensity
adhesion
pH scale
cellular respiration
2. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.
priority eye diseases
hypoxia
millilitres
conditional stimulus
3. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled at each breath when resting (abbreviated to TV).
nucleus
placebo effect
tidal volume
electronegative
4. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.
structural formula
capillaries
skeletal muscle
point-of-use' strategy
5. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.
sweat glands
element
gas transfer test
carcinoma
6. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.
greenstick fracture
presbyopia
noxious stimuli
acute inflammation
7. The share of all deaths in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.
proportional mortality
population age-structures
wave
noxious stimuli
8. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.
organ
bond
spectrum
period
9. The blood pressure that is detected between heart contractions (lower than the systolic blood pressure).
diastolic blood pressure
astigmatism
radiologist
binge drinking
10. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it
lung function test
solvent
classical conditioning
point-of-use' strategy
11. A physiological reaction occurring in the body - triggered by the perception of aversive or threatening situations.
focal length
primates
stress response
astigmatism
12. Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds - e.g. hydrogen (H2) - water (H2O) - carbon dioxide (CO2).
molecule
inflammation
chronic inflammation
electronegative
13. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).
compact bone
double-blind study
haemoglobin
myofibre
14. The curved transparent layer that covers the front part of the eye. This (together with the lens) refracts light to form of an image on the retina - as well as protecting the eye from frontal damage.
allograft
Snellen letter chart
microcalcifications
cornea
15. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - but who actually does not have the disease.
body systems
false positive
synapse
incidence rate
16. A non-invasive method of measuring the level of oxygenation of the blood by using light absorption to calculate the relative levels of haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin.
pulse oximetry
optical power
emphysema
disinfectant
17. Condition in which the full range of colours cannot be clearly distinguished.
colour deficiency
sensory neuron
compact bone
chronic inflammation
18. A protein produced by a living organism that functions as a catalyst. It facilitates other molecules entering into chemical reactions with one another - but is itself unaffected by these reactions.
body systems
single-strand break
oxidation
enzyme
19. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).
residual volume
extracellular matrix
chemical bond
fulcrum
20. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.
mammals
alcohol tolerant
photorefractive keratectomy
post-traumatic stress disorder
21. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (
morbidity
synapse
agonist
photon
22. A type of cell that can migrate into wound sites and make new extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen.
media
double-strand break
fibroblast
colour deficiency
23. Substances that have the effect of reducing pain.
Snellen letter chart
analgesics
inhibitory synapse
fatty liver
24. Abbreviation of a eye-surgery technique where a flap is cut in the cornea and laser treatment applied beneath.
reflection
LASIK
priority eye diseases
cortex
25. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.
extinction
sweat glands
gas pressure
prevalence
26. The cultivation of land for the purpose of crop production and/or the rearing of livestock - primarily for food - but also to provide materials - e.g. for fuel - clothing and shelter.
pyloric sphincter
sputum
lung function test
agriculture
27. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.
proportional morbidity
low vision
oestrogens
morbidity rate
28. The number of photons passing through a given area per second.
capillaries
diastolic blood pressure
intensity
hippocampus
29. An infection of the lower respiratory tract (the bronchi and lungs) - e.g. pneumonia.
lower respiratory infection
low vision
pain
anti-inflammatory
30. The type of muscle tissue that is responsible for moving parts of the musculoskeletal system.
bond dissociation energy
skeletal muscle
opioid
colour blind
31. The cells associated with peripheral neurons that wrap themselves around the axons.
myofibrils
Schwann cells
axon terminal
malignant cancer
32. An agent - such as a chemical - ultraviolet light - or a radioactive substance that can induce - or increase the frequency of - mutations in DNA.
binge drinking
mutagen
adaptive characteristic
abstinence
33. An eye care professional who makes spectacles or contact lenses and advises on suitable frames or lens choices.
elastase
cartilage
optician
photon
34. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').
relative risk
neuron
tissue
low vision
35. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.
postsynaptic neuron
ionic bonding
obesity
phantom pain
36. The process of urban development - i.e. of towns and cities - and the movement of an increasing proportion of a country's population from rural to urban environments.
physiology
addiction
compact bone
urbanisation
37. A measure of the refracting power of a lens. Calculated as: 1 / focal length of the lens (in metres). The unit used is dioptres (symbol D). The power of a convex lens is positive; for a concave lens it is negative.
chronic inflammation
optical power
ligaments
acute effects
38. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organism which takes into account the sensitivity to radiation of different organs in the body. Multiplied by a tissue weighting factor for that organ. Then the amounts for all the affected organs are
nucleus
effective dose
cast
grays
39. A region of cortex at the front of the brain - where the activity of neurons is associated with voluntary control of behaviour (self-control) and restraint. Biological evidence suggests that mild to moderate doses of alcohol selectively depress the a
toxicology
prefrontal cortex
oestrogens
post-traumatic stress disorder
40. A disorder of the fetus or infant caused by excessive maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy.
fetal alcohol syndrome
diarrhoeal diseases
reflex
respiration
41. A two-dimensional map or projection of an object.
point-of-use' strategy
hepatitis
traumatic injury
image
42. The effects of ionising radiation are said to be this if there is a threshold below which there is no effect - and if above that threshold - the severity depends on the amount of radiation received.
side-effects
deterministic
radiographer
adaptive characteristic
43. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.
side-effects
positive predictive value
bronchus
analgesia
44. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.
deterministic
false positive
infant mortality rate
ligaments
45. Microscopic organisms (bacteria - fungi and protoctists) - together with viruses - whether pathogenic (disease-causing) or harmless; also known as microorganisms.
polar molecule
laser
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
microbes
46. The system of organs and structures in which gas exchange takes place. In mammals it consists of the airways - the lungs and the muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
cell
inflammation
respiratory system
microcalcifications
47. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.
developed countries
wave-particle duality
period
choroid
48. The movement of atoms or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration - until the concentration is the same throughout the available volume. Atoms and small molecules can also move across a permeable cell membran
myopia
diffusion
multifactorial disease
endocrine disruptors
49. Death.
mortality
bronchodilator
alpha-1 antitrypsin
hydrogen bond
50. Disease or disorder that often has a gradual onset - involves slowly changing symptoms and lasts for a long time.
tissue engineering
hypoxia
pulmonary rehabilitation
chronic condition