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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The yellow central area of the retina containing the fovea.






2. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






3. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short






4. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.






5. The most common type of glaucoma - caused by a partial blockage of trabeculae - which reduces the rate at which the aqueous fluid can drain away from the eye and thus leads to a build up of intraocular pressure.






6. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t






7. A chemical that has the effect of blocking the action of a natural substance such as a neurochemical. (






8. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.






9. The total volume of gas contained in the lungs after a full inspiration (it is equal to vital capacity plus residual volume). (Abbreviated to TLC)






10. Characteristic signs that follow the termination of taking a drug - most usually associated with a negative mood. There can also be characteristic physiological signs associated with particular drugs - e.g. sweating and shivering.






11. The material outside the cells in a tissue in which the cells are embedded. It is mainly made from proteins made by and arranged by the cells.






12. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level






13. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)






14. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues.






15. Death.






16. The smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element. Made up of a positively charged atomic nucleus - containing protons and neutrons - surrounded by negatively charged electrons.






17. A drug that widens the airways of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles.






18. A graphical method of showing whether two numerical variables are related to one another. They are called 'variables' because they can each have a range of possible values. Each data point represents a particular entity - such as a country - for whic






19. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






20. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.






21. The integrated body system of organs - tissues - cells and proteins that functions to protect the body from potentially pathogenic organisms (microbes) or harmful substances.






22. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va






23. The part of a neuron that consists of a long wire-like projection - ending in a terminal which participates in a synapse with another cell. Action potentials are transmitted along these.






24. An approach to explanation which implies two closely related things: (i) both biological and psychological sciences have central roles in the explanation - and (ii) a given phenomenon to be studied within this perspective - such as pain - has both bi






25. A decreasing ability of the lens of the eye to accommodate - often associated with increasing age.






26. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.






27. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.






28. Any cell that ingests and destroys foreign particles - bacteria and cell debris.






29. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.






30. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.






31. The study of the relationship between the structure and the function of body systems.






32. An intense conscious occupation with thoughts of the object of an addiction.






33. Negatively charged particle of almost no mass that surround the nucleus of an atom.






34. Industrial chemicals - commonly found as environmental pollutants - that disrupt the hormonal systems of animals - including humans.






35. Inflammation with a rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration.






36. Also known as 'organ systems'; combinations of organs and tissues that function in a coordinated way; e.g. the circulatory system - the nervous system - the respiratory system.






37. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.






38. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.






39. The behaviour of electromagnetic radiation cannot be adequately described in all situations by any one model. In some situations the wave model is appropriate - in others the particle model - which describes the radiation as photons - must be used.






40. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.






41. Recognisable assemblages of plants and animals - such as woodland - grassland - rivers - etc. - in which a distinct set of plants and animals live together and interact with one another.






42. Stimuli that are associated with actual or potential damage to body tissues.






43. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver






44. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.






45. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.






46. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.






47. Microbes that cause disease.






48. A graft where the donor tissue comes from the same person (as opposed to an allograft where it comes from another person).






49. The systematic application of a test or investigation to people who have not sought medical attention - in order to identify those whose risk of developing a particular disease is sufficient to justify further action.






50. A reduction in the number of photons passing through a material. It is caused by both absorption and scattering.