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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any fracture where the skin has not been broken.






2. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






3. A slimy - viscous substance secreted as a protective lubricant by the cells in the lining of the nose - throat and airways. Traps microbes and particles and is swept out of the respiratory system into the throat - to be coughed out or swallowed. Also






4. Vital to many chemical reactions in the body. Crystals containing these form an important part of the structure of bones.






5. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.






6. The ability to stand - walk and run - supported only by the hind limbs.






7. Qualified to employ a range of equipment such as X-rays - MRI scanners - etc. to produce images to diagnose an injury or disease. They will then have undergone further specialist training in mammography. (Two types - diagnostic and therapeutic; the l






8. Radiation which can cause ionisation. From the electromagnetic spectrum this includes gamma rays - X-rays and some high-energy ultraviolet radiation.






9. Inflammation with a rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration.






10. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.






11. The build-up of levels of a chemical contaminant in the bodies of animals at successive levels in a food chain.






12. Disease - disorder or traumatic injury characterised by rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration - From which the patient either recovers quickly or dies (CS 1 & 6). Some chronic (long-term) conditions can have acute episodes - e.g. exacerbat






13. The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eyeball that contains the visual receptor cells (rods and cones).






14. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl






15. For a screening procedure such as mammography - this value is the number of true negative results expressed as a percentage of the total number of negative results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person






16. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






17. Persistent inflammation over long periods of time that occurs when the tissues are unable to overcome the effects of an injurious agent.






18. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.






19. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.






20. The blood pressure that is detected between heart contractions (lower than the systolic blood pressure).






21. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t






22. An organelle (plural: mitochondria) in the cytosol of cells where much of cellular respiration takes place (the release of usable chemical energy from molecules derived from food).






23. The organelles found inside myofibres that run the length of the cell and cause contraction.






24. A symptom of trachoma in which eyelashes grow inwards and scratch the conjunctiva - causing pain - scarring and eventually blindness.






25. Molecules or proteins released by immune system cells in the region of an injury - infection or other damage to the tissues. They have several effects including dilation (widening) of blood vessels to increase blood supply to the region. They also at






26. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of two electrons - one from each atom at either end of the bond.






27. Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds - e.g. hydrogen (H2) - water (H2O) - carbon dioxide (CO2).






28. Blood that contains very little oxygen.






29. An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.(






30. A constantly repeating variation of some quantity that transfers energy from one position in a medium to another.






31. Diseases in which the pathogen causing the disease lives part of its life cycle in water; e.g. cholera - cryptosporidiosis.






32. A method for determining the efficiency of gas transfer between the lungs and the pulmonary blood capillaries.






33. A visual impairment that interferes with day-to-day functions that an affected person considers to be normal.






34. Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person (also known as 'non-infectious diseases' or 'chronic conditions' or 'long-term conditions'); they mainly develop slowly over time and persist for a long period - or are irreversible; e.g. canc






35. The ability of bacteria which have acquired a resistance gene to survive the action of an antibiotic drug that kills antibiotic-sensitive bacteria from the same strain.






36. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.






37. A qualified doctor who has specialised in the diagnosis and treatment of eye conditions - and who can perform eye surgery.






38. A lens shape with a greater thickness at each end than through the centre.






39. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.






40. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t






41. Condition in which the full range of colours cannot be clearly distinguished.






42. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the






43. A physiological reaction occurring in the body - triggered by the perception of aversive or threatening situations.






44. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.






45. A factor that strengthens a tendency to engage in a particular behaviour.






46. Recognisable assemblages of plants and animals - such as woodland - grassland - rivers - etc. - in which a distinct set of plants and animals live together and interact with one another.






47. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






48. A measure of how well a person sees - determined by the minimum distance at which two lines (or points) can be distinguished at a test distance.






49. Distance between one peak of a wave and the next peak - measured in metres (m).






50. The experience of being in an unpleasant situation - over a period of days - weeks or longer - in which one is unable to exert control over circumstances which are not of one's choosing. The coping resources necessary to meet the demands of this unpl