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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A fracture that occurs because the bone has been weakened through osteoporosis.
toxin
residual volume
covalent bond
insufficiency fracture
2. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).
lower respiratory infection
incidence rate
carcinoma
nearwork activity
3. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.
prefrontal cortex
physiology
abstinence
blood pressure
4. The structure within the eye where the iris meets the cornea - where excess aqueous humour from the front of the eye can drain.
drainage angle
positive predictive value
postsynaptic neuron
pain
5. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.
mitochondrio
cartilage
wave-particle duality
choroid
6. A drug that widens the airways of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles.
fibrin
hominids
hypovolaemic shock
bronchodilator
7. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short
element
trauma
primates
polar molecule
8. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil
blood pressure
period
equivalent dose
veins
9. Complex structures in the body formed from a number of different tissues - which form a distinct structure and serve a particular function - e.g. the heart - the brain - the lungs. (CS 2 & 4)
carboxyhaemoglobin
urbanisation
intensity
organ
10. The cells that produce new bone.
osteoblasts
affect
bond
withdrawal symptoms
11. A therapeutic technique where low-level stimulation is given to the skin and which has the effect of reducing pain (abbreviated to TENS).
centilitre
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
invasive cancer
mucus
12. A cell that is part of a malignant tumour; not subject to the body signals that tell normal cells when to divide or stop dividing - so they multiply in an uncontrolled way.
cancer cell
hydrogen bond
placebo effect
focal length
13. Blood that contains very little oxygen.
absorption
equivalent dose
deoxygenated blood
alpha-1 antitrypsin
14. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.
synapse
hydrogen bond
vital capacity
optometrist
15. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si
veins
post-traumatic stress disorder
visual disability
blood pressure
16. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').
photorefractive keratectomy
neuron
chronic bronchitis
pupil
17. A change in the sequences of bases in the DNA of an organism - resulting in an alteration in the manufacture or function of a body protein. Also refers to the process by which such a change in DNA sequence occurs due to the action of a mutagen - e.g.
stochastic
osteoporosis
mutation
gene
18. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl
nucleus
risk factor
polymer
evolutionary trade-off
19. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.
reflection
myofibrils
hominids
stroma
20. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled at each breath when resting (abbreviated to TV).
axon terminal
endothelial cells
tidal volume
blood pressure
21. The separation of waste products from the blood.
brain imaging
excretion
musculoskeletal system
presynaptic neuron
22. A beneficial effect deriving from a procedure with no intrinsic benefit. It relies upon the context in which the intervention is made; e.g. a sugar pill might serve as a placebo if the patient believes that it will bring some benefits. (
musculoskeletal system
developing countries
placebo effect
hepatitis
23. An eye care professional who makes spectacles or contact lenses and advises on suitable frames or lens choices.
toxin
adaptive characteristic
optician
mammography
24. A) A process in which the photon energy is captured by a medium - without transmission or reflection. b) The process by which the molecules released from digested food pass through the wall of the gut and into the surrounding blood vessels.
sensory neuron
proxy measure
absorption
vitreous humour
25. Pain that arises from tissue damage in one part of the body - but Which is felt to be arising in a different part of the body. It is said to be 'referred to' a part that is not damaged.
disinfectant
referred pain
spinal cord
psychogenic pain
26. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.
child mortality rate
covalent bond
mammography
hepatitis
27. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.
psychogenic pain
tidal volume
enzyme
adaptive characteristic
28. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.
sweat glands
ionisation
arteries
conditional stimulus
29. A global strategy to combat trachoma - involving eyelid surgery - antibiotic treatment - attention to facial cleanliness and environmental changes.
polar molecule
laser
microcalcifications
SAFE
30. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.
binge drinking
plasticity
hydroxyl group
action potential
31. Microbes that cause disease.
pathogens
electronegative
complementary colours
cerebral hemisphere
32. A small airway branching from a bronchus.
incubation period
acute effects
organ
bronchiole
33. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.
chemical symbol
osteoclasts
cones
visual impairment
34. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.
pulmonary rehabilitation
fibrosis
immunodeficiency
fovea
35. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (
withdrawal symptoms
ligaments
agonist
hormone
36. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.
adhesion
cancellous
microcalcifications
disinfectant
37. Condition in which no colour at all can be seen.
diarrhoeal diseases
colour blind
receptor
classical conditioning
38. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.
tissue
astigmatism
body systems
legal blindness
39. The proportion of young - middle-aged and older people in a population. In developing countries - tends to be 'younger' than that of developed countries.
point-of-use' strategy
population age-structures
opportunistic screening
confounding factor
40. The process by which collagen is produced by fibroblasts following tissue damage - often resulting in scar formation.
cortex
stress response
conditional stimulus
fibrosis
41. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)
invasive cancer
electromagnetic radiation
proteins
malignant cancer
42. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.
dermis
spirometer
prefrontal cortex
natural selection
43. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.
dementia
hypovolaemic shock
spectrum
chemical symbol
44. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.
wavelength
biopsy
prevalence
osteoblasts
45. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va
epidemiology
duct
proportional morbidity
cell
46. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.
tolerance
stunting
true positive
accommodation
47. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi
acidosis
high-risk screening
metabolism
carboxyhaemoglobin
48. The number of individual pathogens required to cause disease in an infected person; the number varies from one infectious disease to another.
infectious dose
ophthalmologist
litre
collagen
49. A complex specialised molecule embedded in the outer membrane of a cell - or in its internal structure - which has a unique three-dimensional shape and patterns of electrical charge that enable it to bind specifically to a particular signalling molec
oxygenated blood
receptor
force
closed-angle glaucoma
50. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.
ionic compound
legal blindness
low vision
vasopressin