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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).






2. Blood that contains very little oxygen.






3. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.






4. A drug that acts to reduce the signs of inflammation - e.g. swelling - redness - heat and pain.






5. A hormone secreted by the suprarenal gland (formerly the adrenal gland) upon stimulation by the central nervous system in response to stress - anger - fear or exertion. It has many effects on the body - e.g. increasing heart rate and output. Also kno






6. A variety of conditions associated with eyesight - from total loss of sight (blindness) to partial sight loss.






7. The change of thickness of the lens of the eye so that focal length changes. This allows light from objects at different distances to be sharply focused in turn on the retina.






8. The body system consisting of the heart - blood vessels and blood. It circulates blood throughout the body and is also known as the circulatory system.






9. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.






10. A measure of the refracting power of a lens. Calculated as: 1 / focal length of the lens (in metres). The unit used is dioptres (symbol D). The power of a convex lens is positive; for a concave lens it is negative.






11. The pressure exerted by a gas. It is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in a mixture of gases - e.g. oxygen - carbon dioxide - nitrogen and other gases that make up the air in the lungs.






12. Any fracture where the overlying skin is broken.






13. A class of neurons that convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles.






14. An organelle (plural: mitochondria) in the cytosol of cells where much of cellular respiration takes place (the release of usable chemical energy from molecules derived from food).






15. An intense conscious occupation with thoughts of the object of an addiction.






16. Colours on opposite sides of the colour circle.






17. Gradual changes that occur slowly over time and may be irreversible - often in response to repeated exposure to a stimulus or toxic substance (e.g. alcohol).






18. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.






19. A class of neuron that detects the presence of stimuli in the world - such as tactile events - heat - cold or tissue damage.






20. An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.(






21. A change in the sequences of bases in the DNA of an organism - resulting in an alteration in the manufacture or function of a body protein. Also refers to the process by which such a change in DNA sequence occurs due to the action of a mutagen - e.g.






22. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.






23. Brain region involved in processing memories and emotional reactions.






24. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.






25. A process at an interface of two media in which the direction of light is deviated within the new medium.






26. A) Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged. b) An organelle containing the genetic material - found in most animal and plant cells.






27. An alternative way of modelling the energy from an electromagnetic wave; small packets of energy and the energy of each depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.






28. A fracture that occurs because the bone has been weakened through osteoporosis.






29. A type of cell that can migrate into wound sites and make new extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen.






30. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.






31. The new tissue formed as a wound repairs - containing tiny new blood vessels that give it a grainy appearance.






32. A lens shape with a greater thickness at each end than through the centre.






33. The effects of ionising radiation are said to be this if there is a threshold below which there is no effect - and if above that threshold - the severity depends on the amount of radiation received.






34. The total amount of air that can be taken in to the lungs during a maximum inspiration - or expelled during a maximal expiration. (Abbreviated to VC)






35. A region of cortex at the front of the brain - where the activity of neurons is associated with voluntary control of behaviour (self-control) and restraint. Biological evidence suggests that mild to moderate doses of alcohol selectively depress the a






36. The energy needed to break a bond between two atoms.






37. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.






38. The type of bone that is less dense (compared with compact bone) and contains struts (trabeculae) to provide strength. It is found within the widened areas inside the ends of the bones.






39. The number of individual pathogens required to cause disease in an infected person; the number varies from one infectious disease to another.






40. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the






41. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.






42. An experience Which is accessible only to the person who experiences it in terms of the contents of his or her conscious mind. Such experience is not open to objective observation or measurement by any other individual and hence is contrasted with 'o






43. For a screening procedure such as mammography - this value is the number of true negative results expressed as a percentage of the total number of negative results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person






44. Matter formed from saliva mixed with mucus and any foreign material such as dust - Which is coughed up (expectorated) from the lower respiratory tract and usually ejected from the mouth.






45. The flat cells that line the cardiovascular system.






46. An aspect of a characteristic that represents an adaptive compromise between two opposing evolutionary pressures; e.g. the human pelvis represents a compromise between being narrow - Which is necessary for running at speed - and being wide - Which is






47. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.






48. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (






49. The thinnest blood vessels.






50. A qualified doctor who has specialised in the diagnosis and treatment of eye conditions - and who can perform eye surgery.