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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Microbes that cause disease.
gas pressure
pathogens
prevalence
electronvolt
2. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.
fovea
alcohol myopia
bipedality
epithelial tissue
3. A condition in which the cornea is irregularly curved.
musculoskeletal system
traumatic injury
malignant cancer
astigmatism
4. The flow of blood back to the heart in the veins.
venous return
wave-particle duality
bond
disinfectant
5. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.
pyloric sphincter
blind study
neutron
amygdale
6. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)
insufficiency fracture
invasive cancer
blind study
infant mortality rate
7. Visual defects caused by imperfections in the cornea and/or lens of the eye.
refractive errors
emphysema
radiologist
immune system
8. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.
arteries
polymer
cognitive-behavioural therapy
true positive
9. Persistent inflammation over long periods of time that occurs when the tissues are unable to overcome the effects of an injurious agent.
organ
chronic inflammation
catalyst
covalent bond
10. Inflammation with a rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration.
acute inflammation
electronvolt
evolutionary trade-off
oestrogens
11. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.
complementary colours
blind study
tendons
analgesics
12. A method of purifying water - e.g. filtering - that involves individual people treating water as they use it - rather than having purified water delivered to them from a remote water-treatment plant in pipes.
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13. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.
lower respiratory infection
cones
analgesia
vacuum
14. The amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs in the first second of expiration - abbreviated to FEV1.
legal blindness
forced expiratory volume in one second
water-borne infectious diseases
pathogens
15. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.
ethanol
psychological trauma
gas pressure
compact bone
16. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.
structural formula
hyperventilate
hypnosis
carboxyhaemoglobin
17. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.
psychogenic pain
reflection
forced vital capacity
postsynaptic neuron
18. A test that measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in a sample of blood from an artery - e.g. in the wrist. Used to evaluate the efficiency of gas exchange between the blood and the lungs.
arterial blood gas test
covalent bond
SI Units
mortality rate
19. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.
receptor
capillaries
double-strand break
malignant cancer
20. The curved transparent layer that covers the front part of the eye. This (together with the lens) refracts light to form of an image on the retina - as well as protecting the eye from frontal damage.
cornea
focal length
lock-and-key interaction
epidemic
21. A sudden change in potential difference (voltage) across the cell membrane of neurons - consisting of an increase in the resting potential and a sudden return to the resting value. Transmitted along axons and constitute the principal 'language' of co
alpha-1 antitrypsin
action potential
phantom pain
closed fracture
22. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.
solvent
alcoholic poisoning
retina
bond
23. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.
spirometer
polar molecule
biopsy
information processing
24. The number of new cases in a given period - usually a year - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population
covalent bond
developing countries
incidence rate
neurotransmitter
25. The spread of malignant - cancerous cells to other parts of the body by way of the blood or lymph vessels.
metastasis
neuron
neurotransmitter
neutron
26. Industrial chemicals - commonly found as environmental pollutants - that disrupt the hormonal systems of animals - including humans.
hydroxyl group
residual volume
greenstick fracture
endocrine disruptors
27. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.
electron
obesity
binge drinking
laser
28. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.
osteoporosis
myofibre
phantom pain
synapse
29. Cells that cover all surfaces of the body. (CS 3 - 4 - 6 & 7)
convex
postsynaptic neuron
epithelial cells
metabolism
30. The production of any colour by varying the relative intensities of the subtractive primaries (cyan - magenta and yellow).
macula lutea
trichromacy
psychogenic pain
chronic bronchitis
31. A medically qualified person who has chosen to specialise in clinical radiology - the use of imaging to diagnose - treat and monitor various disease processes.
radiologist
molecule
pyloric sphincter
craving
32. A complex specialised molecule embedded in the outer membrane of a cell - or in its internal structure - which has a unique three-dimensional shape and patterns of electrical charge that enable it to bind specifically to a particular signalling molec
receptor
chemical formula
psychological trauma
lens
33. A protein produced by a living organism that functions as a catalyst. It facilitates other molecules entering into chemical reactions with one another - but is itself unaffected by these reactions.
enzyme
levers
trachoma
dependence
34. Often abbreviated to 'risk factors'; anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different population
disease risk factors
protons
open fracture
excretion
35. A collection of neurons and other cells that is located within the protection of the backbone.
spinal cord
conjunctivitis
double-blind study
cell membrane
36. A chemical that reduces microbial contamination of water - surfaces - etc.
closed-angle glaucoma
sweat glands
disinfectant
ethanol
37. The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eyeball that contains the visual receptor cells (rods and cones).
brain imaging
colour blind
retina
alveolus
38. A readily measured statistic or parameter that can be used in place of a more complex statistic - or to 'stand in for' one that is impossible to measure directly; e.g. disease statistics are often used as this for the 'health' of a population; the nu
tendons
cardiovascular system
proxy measure
malignant cancer
39. A decreasing ability of the lens of the eye to accommodate - often associated with increasing age.
presbyopia
alcoholic liver disease
pulmonary rehabilitation
extinction
40. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).
mortality
radiologist
double-blind study
bronchodilator
41. The system of organs and structures in which gas exchange takes place. In mammals it consists of the airways - the lungs and the muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
fulcrum
screening
respiratory system
lung function test
42. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.
negative predictive value
toxicology
cerebral hemisphere
xenobiotic
43. A group of steroid hormones produced mainly by the ovaries (some are also produced by fat deposits in the body) - which are responsible for promoting the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics.
aqueous humour
oestrogens
radiographer
bronchiole
44. Diseases or disorders that develop as a result of the interaction over time of a combination of different risk factors - none of which on its own would be likely to cause the disease. These may include the inheritance of certain gene mutations from a
population age-structures
erythrocyte
solvent
multifactorial disease
45. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organism which takes into account the sensitivity to radiation of different organs in the body. Multiplied by a tissue weighting factor for that organ. Then the amounts for all the affected organs are
opiates
tendons
effective dose
attenuation coefficient
46. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.
attenuation coefficient
adhesion
postsynaptic neuron
concave
47. The experience of being in an unpleasant situation - over a period of days - weeks or longer - in which one is unable to exert control over circumstances which are not of one's choosing. The coping resources necessary to meet the demands of this unpl
stochastic
opioid
alveolus
stress
48. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.
epidemiology
choroid
positive predictive value
trachea
49. A proteinase (protein-degrading) enzyme that catalyses (facilitates) the breakdown of elastin and other related proteins.
elastase
transpiration
mucus
deterministic
50. A constantly repeating variation of some quantity that transfers energy from one position in a medium to another.
synapse
insufficiency fracture
oxidation
wave