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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A small unit of energy frequently used by physicists and denoted by the symbol eV.






2. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ






3. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl






4. Particulates suspended in air that are less than 10 micrometres in diameter.






5. The process of detecting stimuli that cause actual or potential damage to the tissues of the body.






6. The problem of trying to explain how the subjective feelings of consciousness arise from the physical matter of the brain.






7. The production of any colour by varying the relative intensities of the subtractive primaries (cyan - magenta and yellow).






8. Vital to many chemical reactions in the body. Crystals containing these form an important part of the structure of bones.






9. Immune system cells that circulate around the body helping to protect it from infection and some other types of disease; also known as white cells.






10. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t






11. The type of bone (sometimes called compact) that is more dense (compared with cancellous bone) and very strong. It is found in the parts of the bone that need to withstand the largest forces.






12. An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.(






13. Tissues that are like tendons in terms of structure but connect bones to each other (rather than bones to muscles).






14. Injury causing physical damage to the body.






15. A constantly repeating variation of some quantity that transfers energy from one position in a medium to another.






16. A drug that widens the airways of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles.






17. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.






18. A slimy - viscous substance secreted as a protective lubricant by the cells in the lining of the nose - throat and airways. Traps microbes and particles and is swept out of the respiratory system into the throat - to be coughed out or swallowed. Also






19. An aspect of a characteristic that represents an adaptive compromise between two opposing evolutionary pressures; e.g. the human pelvis represents a compromise between being narrow - Which is necessary for running at speed - and being wide - Which is






20. The total amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs - abbreviated to FVC.






21. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va






22. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.






23. The effects of ionising radiation are said to be this if there is a threshold below which there is no effect - and if above that threshold - the severity depends on the amount of radiation received.






24. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.






25. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.






26. Leading global causes of visual impairment that have been identified by the WHO's Vision 2020 project as targets that can be prevented or treated. They include refractive errors and low vision - cataract - glaucoma - AMD - diabetic retinopathy and tr






27. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.






28. The behaviour of electromagnetic radiation cannot be adequately described in all situations by any one model. In some situations the wave model is appropriate - in others the particle model - which describes the radiation as photons - must be used.






29. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.






30. Damage to the retina due to the abnormal blood flow that may develop in people with diabetes.






31. The visual condition of long-sightedness in which images of nearby objects cannot be focused sharply.






32. The tissue that forms following healing - Which is not the same in structure as the original tissue.






33. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.






34. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. It consists only of the atoms characteristic - e.g. hydrogen (H) - oxygen (O) - nitrogen (N) - sodium (Na) - chlorine (Cl) - mercury (Hg). There are 92 naturally oc






35. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver






36. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.






37. Most common type of age-related macular degeneration - in which the blood supply to the retina is reduced - resulting in gradual loss of vision.






38. The most common type of glaucoma - caused by a partial blockage of trabeculae - which reduces the rate at which the aqueous fluid can drain away from the eye and thus leads to a build up of intraocular pressure.






39. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.






40. A gradual change in about 10% of chronic heavy drinkers whereby liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.






41. The mechanisms in the nervous system underlying an automatic and unconscious reaction to a particular stimulus - i.e. a reaction that cannot be controlled by will-power.






42. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.






43. A subdivision of a rounded mass of tissue. For example - in the breast - this is used to describe an individual branched subsection of the mammary gland.






44. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.






45. A) A transparent and flexible convex structure behind the iris that (together with the cornea) refracts light. b) A transparent object - usually made of glass or plastic - that refracts light. Found in spectacles - magnifying glasses and microscopes.






46. Often abbreviated to 'compound': a substance made up of two or more elements; it may be composed of molecules or ions.






47. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.






48. A process at an interface of two media in which the direction of light is deviated within the new medium.






49. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi






50. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.







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