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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any cell that ingests and destroys foreign particles - bacteria and cell debris.






2. An electrically charged atom or molecule. May be positively or negatively charged; e.g. Na+ (the positively charged sodium ion) and Cl- (the negatively charged chloride ion).






3. Tissues that are like tendons in terms of structure but connect bones to each other (rather than bones to muscles).






4. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.






5. A hormone secreted by the suprarenal gland (formerly the adrenal gland) upon stimulation by the central nervous system in response to stress - anger - fear or exertion. It has many effects on the body - e.g. increasing heart rate and output. Also kno






6. An inflammation of the liver which can vary in severity.






7. Visual defects caused by imperfections in the cornea and/or lens of the eye.






8. The cells associated with peripheral neurons that wrap themselves around the axons.






9. Radiation which can cause ionisation. From the electromagnetic spectrum this includes gamma rays - X-rays and some high-energy ultraviolet radiation.






10. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.






11. An alternative way of modelling the energy from an electromagnetic wave; small packets of energy and the energy of each depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.






12. The total amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs - abbreviated to FVC.






13. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.






14. Pain of relatively short duration and associated with actual damage to tissues.






15. Diseases or disorders that develop as a result of the interaction over time of a combination of different risk factors - none of which on its own would be likely to cause the disease. These may include the inheritance of certain gene mutations from a






16. The thinnest blood vessels.






17. The pressure exerted by a gas. It is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in a mixture of gases - e.g. oxygen - carbon dioxide - nitrogen and other gases that make up the air in the lungs.






18. The transparent gelatinous fluid within the eyeball (between the lens and the retina).






19. A lens shape with a greater thickness at each end than through the centre.






20. A condition in which the optic nerve becomes damaged - usually because the pressure of fluid within the eye becomes too high - leading to a progressive loss of vision.






21. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou






22. Optimal corrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 - i.e. wearing optimal correcting lenses - the individual can distinguish letters on a test chart at 6 metres that a person with normal vision could read at 18 metres






23. The process of reducing pain - e.g. by taking morphine.






24. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.






25. A gradual change in about 10% of chronic heavy drinkers whereby liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.






26. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.






27. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






28. A collection of neurons and other cells that is located within the protection of the backbone.






29. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.






30. The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would exert if it were alone in a container.






31. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues.






32. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






33. Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person (also known as 'non-infectious diseases' or 'chronic conditions' or 'long-term conditions'); they mainly develop slowly over time and persist for a long period - or are irreversible; e.g. canc






34. Degenerative disease of the retina that results in loss of vision in the centre of the visual field. It is caused by an impaired blood supply to the macula. This condition is usually associated with ageing.






35. A chemical reaction involving the addition of oxygen.






36. An agent - such as a chemical - ultraviolet light - or a radioactive substance that can induce - or increase the frequency of - mutations in DNA.






37. The joining of tissues to each other that may occur abnormally during repair.






38. A scale from 0 to 14 describing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution - where 7 is neutral - greater than 7 is more basic (alkaline) and less than 7 is more acidic.






39. The cultivation of land for the purpose of crop production and/or the rearing of livestock - primarily for food - but also to provide materials - e.g. for fuel - clothing and shelter.






40. The concentration of ethanol in blood given in mg per 100 ml.






41. A constantly repeating variation of some quantity that transfers energy from one position in a medium to another.






42. A type of cell that is responsible for contraction in skeletal muscle tissue. They are long and thin and have many nuclei. (Also known as muscle fibre)






43. A painful eye condition caused by repeated infections with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis .






44. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.






45. Gradual changes that occur slowly over time and may be irreversible - often in response to repeated exposure to a stimulus or toxic substance (e.g. alcohol).






46. A poisonous substance produced by a living organism - usually injurious to potential prey - predators or competitors.






47. A) A transparent and flexible convex structure behind the iris that (together with the cornea) refracts light. b) A transparent object - usually made of glass or plastic - that refracts light. Found in spectacles - magnifying glasses and microscopes.






48. This refers to a random effect of ionising radiation. There is no radiation threshold at which the effect inevitably occurs - but the probability of an effect occurring increases with the amount of radiation received.






49. The unit used to measure equivalent dose and effective dose (Sv).






50. Particulates suspended in air that are less than 10 micrometres in diameter.