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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Colours of light (red - blue and green) which - when added together - make white light.






2. The thinnest blood vessels.






3. The ability of the brain to take information and perform informed calculations (e.g. calculating the width of a space in which to park a car).






4. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level






5. Bonding Which is due to the electrical attraction of equal and opposite electrical charges and which holds the ions in salt crystals together.






6. The part of a neuron that consists of a long wire-like projection - ending in a terminal which participates in a synapse with another cell. Action potentials are transmitted along these.






7. A complex molecule composed of smaller molecules (globin and haem) and iron atoms. It is a component of erythrocytes and its function is to bind reversibly to oxygen.






8. The organelles found inside myofibres that run the length of the cell and cause contraction.






9. A volume in which there are no atoms or molecules.






10. The transparent fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the lens of the eye.






11. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.






12. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.






13. The curved transparent layer that covers the front part of the eye. This (together with the lens) refracts light to form of an image on the retina - as well as protecting the eye from frontal damage.






14. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.






15. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






16. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.






17. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.






18. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues.






19. The time between one peak of a wave and the next .






20. A narrow beam of light used to show the direction of travel of light from a source.






21. The experience of being in an unpleasant situation - over a period of days - weeks or longer - in which one is unable to exert control over circumstances which are not of one's choosing. The coping resources necessary to meet the demands of this unpl






22. A group of primates - to which modern humans belong - characterised by upright posture and a very large brain in relation to body size.






23. The eye chart used to determine how well a person can see at various distances. Named after a 19th-century Dutch ophthalmologist Hermann Snellen (1834-1908) who devised a test for visual acuity.






24. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.






25. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.






26. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.






27. A bundle of the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. (Occasionally employed informally to refer to a bundle of axons within the central nervous system.)






28. A two-dimensional map or projection of an object.






29. A property of the body in which a number of its important parameters are held near to constant and any deviation from their normal value triggers action that tends to restore normality. It is exemplified by the maintenance of body temperature - or of






30. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.






31. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






32. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.






33. Type of glaucoma in which the outflow of aqueous humour from the eye is blocked because the gap between the iris and the cornea has closed.






34. Complex structures in the body formed from a number of different tissues - which form a distinct structure and serve a particular function - e.g. the heart - the brain - the lungs. (CS 2 & 4)






35. This refers to a random effect of ionising radiation. There is no radiation threshold at which the effect inevitably occurs - but the probability of an effect occurring increases with the amount of radiation received.






36. A fracture that occurs because the bone has been weakened through osteoporosis.






37. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.






38. Each element has been assigned one of these - often the first letter - or two of the first letters of the name; for example - H stands for hydrogen - C for carbon - N for nitrogen - Ca for calcium and O for oxygen.






39. For a screening procedure such as mammography - the number of true positive results expressed as a percentage of the total number of positive results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person with a positiv






40. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.






41. An alternative way of modelling the energy from an electromagnetic wave; small packets of energy and the energy of each depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.






42. A stimulus that has no intrinsic power to trigger a particular response but which acquires this power after being associated with another stimulus. For example - a bell does not normally trigger salivation but - after pairing with food - it acquires






43. A bond between two atoms formed when an outer electron from each of the atoms is shared between them to form an electron pair bond.






44. A sudden change in potential difference (voltage) across the cell membrane of neurons - consisting of an increase in the resting potential and a sudden return to the resting value. Transmitted along axons and constitute the principal 'language' of co






45. A molecule that has both negatively and positively charged regions.






46. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - but who actually has the disease.






47. The removal of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule.






48. A therapeutic technique where low-level stimulation is given to the skin and which has the effect of reducing pain (abbreviated to TENS).






49. Blood that contains very little oxygen.






50. A graphical method of showing whether two numerical variables are related to one another. They are called 'variables' because they can each have a range of possible values. Each data point represents a particular entity - such as a country - for whic







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