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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.






2. An alternative way of modelling the energy from an electromagnetic wave; small packets of energy and the energy of each depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.






3. The total amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs - abbreviated to FVC.






4. A term that refers to the fact that the connections between neurons are not static. Rather - they are subject to change as result of activity within the neurons concerned. It can mean - over a period of time - increased sensitivity of connections bet






5. A) A transparent and flexible convex structure behind the iris that (together with the cornea) refracts light. b) A transparent object - usually made of glass or plastic - that refracts light. Found in spectacles - magnifying glasses and microscopes.






6. A proteinase (protein-degrading) enzyme that catalyses (facilitates) the breakdown of elastin and other related proteins.






7. A graphical method of showing whether two numerical variables are related to one another. They are called 'variables' because they can each have a range of possible values. Each data point represents a particular entity - such as a country - for whic






8. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.






9. Blood that contains very little oxygen.






10. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.






11. Death.






12. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.






13. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi






14. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.






15. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level






16. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.






17. Visual defects caused by imperfections in the cornea and/or lens of the eye.






18. Cells that can divide to produce daughter cells - which can then differentiate to become any of a range of different cell types.






19. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.






20. A subunit of the litre - the standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; there are 100 of these in a litre.






21. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.






22. A measure of the amount of energy from ionising radiation absorbed per kilogram of tissue. It is measured in units of grays where 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram.






23. A complex molecule composed of smaller molecules (globin and haem) and iron atoms. It is a component of erythrocytes and its function is to bind reversibly to oxygen.






24. A protein produced by a living organism that functions as a catalyst. It facilitates other molecules entering into chemical reactions with one another - but is itself unaffected by these reactions.






25. Substances that have the effect of reducing pain.






26. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






27. The number of cases of a disease - disorder or disability in a population - relative to the total number of people at risk of developing it; usually expressed as the number of cases per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






28. A technique where people learn to change their thought patterns and behaviour to create feelings of coping and self-efficacy; e.g. people in chronic pain might be taught to place a less catastrophic interpretation on their pain.






29. That part of the nervous system that is not within the central nervous system. It is made up of nerves throughout the body.






30. The areas of the medulla region in the brain that integrate sensory information from chemoreceptors monitoring the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. They send out appropriate signals to regulate the rate of contraction of the respirato






31. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.






32. A study in which the participants do not know into which group they have been allocated - e.g. whether they have received a drug or a placebo.






33. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.






34. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').






35. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.






36. Matter formed from saliva mixed with mucus and any foreign material such as dust - Which is coughed up (expectorated) from the lower respiratory tract and usually ejected from the mouth.






37. The total volume of gas contained in the lungs after a full inspiration (it is equal to vital capacity plus residual volume). (Abbreviated to TLC)






38. A bond between two atoms formed when an outer electron from each of the atoms is shared between them to form an electron pair bond.






39. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl






40. A symptom of trachoma in which eyelashes grow inwards and scratch the conjunctiva - causing pain - scarring and eventually blindness.






41. Any cell that ingests and destroys foreign particles - bacteria and cell debris.






42. A complex specialised molecule embedded in the outer membrane of a cell - or in its internal structure - which has a unique three-dimensional shape and patterns of electrical charge that enable it to bind specifically to a particular signalling molec






43. The flat cells that line the cardiovascular system.






44. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organism which takes into account the sensitivity to radiation of different organs in the body. Multiplied by a tissue weighting factor for that organ. Then the amounts for all the affected organs are






45. Disease - disorder or traumatic injury characterised by rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration - From which the patient either recovers quickly or dies (CS 1 & 6). Some chronic (long-term) conditions can have acute episodes - e.g. exacerbat






46. Immune system cells that circulate around the body helping to protect it from infection and some other types of disease; also known as white cells.






47. A cell that is part of a malignant tumour; not subject to the body signals that tell normal cells when to divide or stop dividing - so they multiply in an uncontrolled way.






48. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






49. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - but who actually does not have the disease.






50. The ability to stand - walk and run - supported only by the hind limbs.