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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.






2. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.






3. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






4. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.






5. Any fracture where the overlying skin is broken.






6. An estimate of the probability of developing a particular disease or disorder in a population that has been exposed to a particular risk factor - relative to the probability of developing the condition if the risk factor was not present.






7. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






8. A disorder of the fetus or infant caused by excessive maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy.






9. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.






10. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






11. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.






12. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.






13. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.






14. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short






15. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).






16. The ability of the brain to take information and perform informed calculations (e.g. calculating the width of a space in which to park a car).






17. Fuel derived from plant matter or animal waste - e.g. wood - straw - dried animal dung.






18. A variety of conditions associated with eyesight - from total loss of sight (blindness) to partial sight loss.






19. The structure within the eye where the iris meets the cornea - where excess aqueous humour from the front of the eye can drain.






20. A beneficial effect deriving from a procedure with no intrinsic benefit. It relies upon the context in which the intervention is made; e.g. a sugar pill might serve as a placebo if the patient believes that it will bring some benefits. (






21. Often abbreviated to 'compound': a substance made up of two or more elements; it may be composed of molecules or ions.






22. A lens shape with a greater thickness at each end than through the centre.






23. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






24. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an excitatory effect on a postsynaptic cell - e.g. it excites further action potentials in a second cell.






25. Structures in the kidney that filter the blood and produce the urine.






26. The smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element. Made up of a positively charged atomic nucleus - containing protons and neutrons - surrounded by negatively charged electrons.






27. A very long macromolecule found in the cell nucleus - abbreviated to DNA. It is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics through the generations in all organisms. The genetic information is carried






28. Condition in which no colour at all can be seen.






29. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.






30. Pain that is triggered by a stimulus that causes actual or potential damage to the tissues of the body.






31. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.






32. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.






33. The spread of malignant - cancerous cells to other parts of the body by way of the blood or lymph vessels.






34. Matter formed from saliva mixed with mucus and any foreign material such as dust - Which is coughed up (expectorated) from the lower respiratory tract and usually ejected from the mouth.






35. The process of urban development - i.e. of towns and cities - and the movement of an increasing proportion of a country's population from rural to urban environments.






36. The cells that produce new bone.






37. The share of all deaths in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






38. A constantly repeating variation of some quantity that transfers energy from one position in a medium to another.






39. Any unintended and undesirable consequences of medical treatment; also known in medicine as an adverse effect or reaction.






40. The pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere at a particular location as a result of the mass of the column of air above it. At sea level - it is 760 mmHg or 101.325 kPa.






41. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(






42. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given






43. The movement of atoms or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration - until the concentration is the same throughout the available volume. Atoms and small molecules can also move across a permeable cell membran






44. For a screening procedure such as mammography - the number of true positive results expressed as a percentage of the total number of positive results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person with a positiv






45. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.






46. The ability of bacteria which have acquired a resistance gene to survive the action of an antibiotic drug that kills antibiotic-sensitive bacteria from the same strain.






47. The total number of people who have a disease - disorder or disability at a particular point in time - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






48. Each element has been assigned one of these - often the first letter - or two of the first letters of the name; for example - H stands for hydrogen - C for carbon - N for nitrogen - Ca for calcium and O for oxygen.






49. The number of individual pathogens required to cause disease in an infected person; the number varies from one infectious disease to another.






50. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.