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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. This condition occurs when the arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle become blocked by fatty deposits known as plaques - and areas of muscle die as a result.






2. Categorised into three progressive stages: fatty liver - hepatitis and cirrhosis.






3. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)






4. Injury causing physical damage to the body.






5. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it






6. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(






7. The cells associated with peripheral neurons that wrap themselves around the axons.






8. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.






9. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t






10. The cultivation of land for the purpose of crop production and/or the rearing of livestock - primarily for food - but also to provide materials - e.g. for fuel - clothing and shelter.






11. A stimulus that has no intrinsic power to trigger a particular response but which acquires this power after being associated with another stimulus. For example - a bell does not normally trigger salivation but - after pairing with food - it acquires






12. Matter formed from saliva mixed with mucus and any foreign material such as dust - Which is coughed up (expectorated) from the lower respiratory tract and usually ejected from the mouth.






13. A complex molecule composed of smaller molecules (globin and haem) and iron atoms. It is a component of erythrocytes and its function is to bind reversibly to oxygen.






14. Each element has been assigned one of these - often the first letter - or two of the first letters of the name; for example - H stands for hydrogen - C for carbon - N for nitrogen - Ca for calcium and O for oxygen.






15. The concentration of ethanol in blood given in mg per 100 ml.






16. Structures in the kidney that filter the blood and produce the urine.






17. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t






18. A protein produced in the liver that circulates around the body and blocks the destructive effects of certain proteinase enzymes such as elastase.






19. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.






20. A molecule that facilitates a reaction but Which is left unchanged at the end; catalysis refers to the action of this.






21. Refers to an infectious disease that can be transmitted by physical contact.






22. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.






23. A condition in which the cornea is irregularly curved.






24. The movement of atoms or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration - until the concentration is the same throughout the available volume. Atoms and small molecules can also move across a permeable cell membran






25. The number of individual pathogens required to cause disease in an infected person; the number varies from one infectious disease to another.






26. A chemical that reduces microbial contamination of water - surfaces - etc.






27. An electrical difference across the membrane of cells that arises from an unequal concentration of ions on either side. It is also termed 'voltage'.






28. The study of the fate of chemical contaminants in the natural environment and their effects on plants - animals and ecosystems.






29. Visual defects caused by imperfections in the cornea and/or lens of the eye.






30. A drug that acts to reduce the signs of inflammation - e.g. swelling - redness - heat and pain.






31. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.






32. A decreasing ability of the lens of the eye to accommodate - often associated with increasing age.






33. An excessive engagement in an activity despite negative consequences and a dependence upon the activity such that when access is denied - craving and withdrawal symptoms are seen. Most usually refers to dependency on a chemical substance but need not






34. A technique where people learn to change their thought patterns and behaviour to create feelings of coping and self-efficacy; e.g. people in chronic pain might be taught to place a less catastrophic interpretation on their pain.






35. A substance composed of positively and negatively charged ions - held together by the electrical attraction between opposite charges. Salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) - in which the ions are organised in a regular crystal lattice - are this.






36. Condition in which the full range of colours cannot be clearly distinguished.






37. Microscopic organisms (bacteria - fungi and protoctists) - together with viruses - whether pathogenic (disease-causing) or harmless; also known as microorganisms.






38. A measure of the real impact of a particular disease - disorder or disability on people's lives (DALY) - combining an estimate of the number of years lived with a reduced quality of life - taking into account the severity of the condition (every cond






39. A hormone secreted by the suprarenal gland (formerly the adrenal gland) upon stimulation by the central nervous system in response to stress - anger - fear or exertion. It has many effects on the body - e.g. increasing heart rate and output. Also kno






40. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.






41. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.






42. The visual condition of long-sightedness in which images of nearby objects cannot be focused sharply.






43. Pain that arises from damage to neurons either within the central nervous system or in the periphery of the body.






44. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.






45. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.






46. Cells that can divide to produce daughter cells - which can then differentiate to become any of a range of different cell types.






47. Over time - a need for an increasing amount of drug to obtain the same level of effect - e.g. the amount of alcohol required to produce intoxication.






48. A graft where the donor tissue comes from another person (as opposed to an autograft where it comes from the same person).






49. The binding that occurs between a signalling molecule and its specific receptor. The specificity of the binding is analogous to that of a particular key in a particular lock; e.g. the binding between a neurotransmitter and its receptor - or a hormone






50. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.