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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.






2. A symptom of trachoma in which eyelashes grow inwards and scratch the conjunctiva - causing pain - scarring and eventually blindness.






3. The expansion of narrow blood vessels immediately beneath the skin; as they dilate they can carry more blood.






4. A lens shape with a greater thickness at each end than through the centre.






5. A class of neuron that detects the presence of stimuli in the world - such as tactile events - heat - cold or tissue damage.






6. Tissue that is found at joints and during bone repair. Its structure is a bit like bone without the mineral component - giving a smooth and resilient surface to the ends of bones to aid movement at joints.






7. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.






8. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that






9. A qualified doctor who has specialised in the diagnosis and treatment of eye conditions - and who can perform eye surgery.






10. Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person (also known as 'non-infectious diseases' or 'chronic conditions' or 'long-term conditions'); they mainly develop slowly over time and persist for a long period - or are irreversible; e.g. canc






11. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.






12. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.






13. An inflammation of the liver which can vary in severity.






14. A substance composed of positively and negatively charged ions - held together by the electrical attraction between opposite charges. Salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) - in which the ions are organised in a regular crystal lattice - are this.






15. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.






16. A region of cortex at the front of the brain - where the activity of neurons is associated with voluntary control of behaviour (self-control) and restraint. Biological evidence suggests that mild to moderate doses of alcohol selectively depress the a






17. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.






18. The blood pressure that is detected during heart contractions - Which is higher than the diastolic pressure.






19. A proteinase (protein-degrading) enzyme that catalyses (facilitates) the breakdown of elastin and other related proteins.






20. The number of new cases in a given period - usually a year - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population






21. A subunit of the scientific unit of volume - the litre. One litre can be divided into 1000 of these.






22. Tissues that are like tendons in terms of structure but connect bones to each other (rather than bones to muscles).






23. The transparent gelatinous fluid within the eyeball (between the lens and the retina).






24. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short






25. Molecules or proteins released by immune system cells in the region of an injury - infection or other damage to the tissues. They have several effects including dilation (widening) of blood vessels to increase blood supply to the region. They also at






26. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver






27. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.






28. Much of the brain is divided down its midline into two halves - the left and right of this; also referred to as the 'left brain' and the 'right brain'.






29. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






30. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.






31. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (






32. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)






33. The unit used to measure equivalent dose and effective dose (Sv).






34. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues.






35. Condition in which the full range of colours cannot be clearly distinguished.






36. A subdivision of a rounded mass of tissue. For example - in the breast - this is used to describe an individual branched subsection of the mammary gland.






37. That part of the nervous system that is not within the central nervous system. It is made up of nerves throughout the body.






38. The tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs; also known as the windpipe.






39. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.






40. An aspect of a characteristic that represents an adaptive compromise between two opposing evolutionary pressures; e.g. the human pelvis represents a compromise between being narrow - Which is necessary for running at speed - and being wide - Which is






41. Persistent inflammation over long periods of time that occurs when the tissues are unable to overcome the effects of an injurious agent.






42. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.






43. A protein that is abundant in the extracellular matrix and can form long thin fibres to provide structure to many tissues.






44. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given






45. A change in the sequences of bases in the DNA of an organism - resulting in an alteration in the manufacture or function of a body protein. Also refers to the process by which such a change in DNA sequence occurs due to the action of a mutagen - e.g.






46. A multi-disciplinary programme of care for patients with chronic respiratory conditions - Which is tailored to the individual and combines exercise and education to address all aspects of living with the condition.






47. An agent - such as a chemical - ultraviolet light - or a radioactive substance that can induce - or increase the frequency of - mutations in DNA.






48. Characteristic signs that follow the termination of taking a drug - most usually associated with a negative mood. There can also be characteristic physiological signs associated with particular drugs - e.g. sweating and shivering.






49. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.






50. The term given to those units of measurement that scientists all over the world have agreed to use in their publications; e.g. the second (s) - the kilogram (kg) - and the metre (m).