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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.






2. The junction where a neuron influences another cell - the latter being either another neuron or a muscle cell. (






3. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).






4. An infection of the lower respiratory tract (the bronchi and lungs) - e.g. pneumonia.






5. Pain that arises from tissue damage in one part of the body - but Which is felt to be arising in a different part of the body. It is said to be 'referred to' a part that is not damaged.






6. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.






7. A subdivision of a rounded mass of tissue. For example - in the breast - this is used to describe an individual branched subsection of the mammary gland.






8. An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience traditionally associated with actual or potential tissue damage and which normally is felt to arise in a particular location in the body. The term can also be used to refer to experiences triggered by so






9. Distance between one peak of a wave and the next peak - measured in metres (m).






10. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.






11. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a body - or a quantity of liquid - by 1 A






12. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.






13. A readily measured statistic or parameter that can be used in place of a more complex statistic - or to 'stand in for' one that is impossible to measure directly; e.g. disease statistics are often used as this for the 'health' of a population; the nu






14. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.






15. A screening procedure has high of this if - in people who do not have the disease being screened for - the procedure is very likely not to detect disease - that is - to give a negative result. Numerically - this is calculated by expressing the number






16. Countries that are only partly industrialised and where national wealth is below that of the developed economies (also known as low- and middle-income countries). They rely to a much greater degree than developed countries on subsistence farming - sm






17. A class of natural neurotransmitters that have a similar structure and action to morphine and heroin.






18. Much of the brain is divided down its midline into two halves - the left and right of this; also referred to as the 'left brain' and the 'right brain'.






19. A process at an interface of two media in which the direction of light is deviated within the new medium.






20. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t






21. Certain kinds of activity with which the brain is engaged - i.e. the processing of information that is summarised by the term 'mind'. It is exemplified by thinking - memory - reasoning and interpreting.






22. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)






23. An electrical difference across the membrane of cells that arises from an unequal concentration of ions on either side. It is also termed 'voltage'.






24. Type of glaucoma in which the outflow of aqueous humour from the eye is blocked because the gap between the iris and the cornea has closed.






25. The tissue that forms following healing - Which is not the same in structure as the original tissue.






26. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.






27. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.






28. Any fracture where the skin has not been broken.






29. A molecule that facilitates a reaction but Which is left unchanged at the end; catalysis refers to the action of this.






30. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.






31. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).






32. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.






33. Death.






34. The pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere at a particular location as a result of the mass of the column of air above it. At sea level - it is 760 mmHg or 101.325 kPa.






35. A technique where people learn to change their thought patterns and behaviour to create feelings of coping and self-efficacy; e.g. people in chronic pain might be taught to place a less catastrophic interpretation on their pain.






36. Condition in which no colour at all can be seen.






37. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it






38. The curved transparent layer that covers the front part of the eye. This (together with the lens) refracts light to form of an image on the retina - as well as protecting the eye from frontal damage.






39. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (






40. Particulates suspended in air that are less than 10 micrometres in diameter.






41. An excessive engagement in an activity despite negative consequences and a dependence upon the activity such that when access is denied - craving and withdrawal symptoms are seen. Most usually refers to dependency on a chemical substance but need not






42. The skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis and provides the strength and elasticity of the skin.






43. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level






44. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.






45. A variety of conditions associated with eyesight - from total loss of sight (blindness) to partial sight loss.






46. The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.






47. A) Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged. b) An organelle containing the genetic material - found in most animal and plant cells.






48. The cells associated with peripheral neurons that wrap themselves around the axons.






49. Pain that arises from damage to neurons either within the central nervous system or in the periphery of the body.






50. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.







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