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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Blood that contains very little oxygen.
psychogenic stimuli
deoxygenated blood
extinction
analgesia
2. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.
sievert
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
vasodilation
ligaments
3. The proportion of young - middle-aged and older people in a population. In developing countries - tends to be 'younger' than that of developed countries.
bond dissociation energy
population age-structures
incidence rate
nephrons
4. A subunit of the scientific unit of volume - the litre. One litre can be divided into 1000 of these.
concave
millilitres
disease risk factors
urbanisation
5. A change in the sequences of bases in the DNA of an organism - resulting in an alteration in the manufacture or function of a body protein. Also refers to the process by which such a change in DNA sequence occurs due to the action of a mutagen - e.g.
mutation
forced vital capacity
developed countries
immunodeficiency
6. The system of organs and structures in which gas exchange takes place. In mammals it consists of the airways - the lungs and the muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
acute condition
respiratory system
epithelial tissue
vacuum
7. The pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere at a particular location as a result of the mass of the column of air above it. At sea level - it is 760 mmHg or 101.325 kPa.
absorbed dose
atmospheric pressure
catalyst
trichromacy
8. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)
psychobiological approach
mammals
inflammation
invasive cancer
9. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.
potential difference
morbidity
adaptive value
wave
10. An estimate of the probability of developing a particular disease or disorder in a population that has been exposed to a particular risk factor - relative to the probability of developing the condition if the risk factor was not present.
body systems
collagen
fetal alcohol syndrome
relative risk
11. Pain that arises from damage to neurons either within the central nervous system or in the periphery of the body.
immunodeficiency
postsynaptic neuron
neurogenic pain
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
12. Disease - disorder or traumatic injury characterised by rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration - From which the patient either recovers quickly or dies (CS 1 & 6). Some chronic (long-term) conditions can have acute episodes - e.g. exacerbat
acute condition
element
sensory neuron
low vision
13. A type of cell that can migrate into wound sites and make new extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen.
ionising radiation
complementary colours
noxious stimuli
fibroblast
14. An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.(
neutron
biomass fuel
diabetic retinopathy
hypnosis
15. A complex molecule composed of smaller molecules (globin and haem) and iron atoms. It is a component of erythrocytes and its function is to bind reversibly to oxygen.
bronchodilator
ecotoxicology
haemoglobin
autobiographical memory
16. A measure of the refracting power of a lens. Calculated as: 1 / focal length of the lens (in metres). The unit used is dioptres (symbol D). The power of a convex lens is positive; for a concave lens it is negative.
optometrist
hepatitis
optical power
fibrosis
17. The type of bone that is less dense (compared with compact bone) and contains struts (trabeculae) to provide strength. It is found within the widened areas inside the ends of the bones.
inhibitory synapse
pulmonary rehabilitation
ophthalmologist
cancellous
18. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si
psychobiological approach
post-traumatic stress disorder
evolutionary trade-off
ecosystems
19. Often abbreviated to 'compound': a substance made up of two or more elements; it may be composed of molecules or ions.
gene
wave
chemical compound
polymer
20. The process of inspiring or inhaling; the drawing in of air into the lungs.
hydrogen bond
ethanol
mucus
inspiration
21. The entire range or extent of some quantity - arranged in order; e.g. electromagnetic or visible light.
axon
wavelength
spectrum
hard problem of consciousness
22. Any cell that ingests and destroys foreign particles - bacteria and cell debris.
phagocyte
ophthalmologist
myofibrils
agonist
23. A small airway branching from a bronchus.
threshold of excitation
partial pressure
bronchiole
autograft
24. A tissue that covers a surface or lines a space inside the body - forming a barrier or interface across which substances are absorbed or secreted - e.g. the skin - gut lining - and various glands.
age-standardisation
placebo effect
conditional stimulus
epithelial tissue
25. An agent - such as a chemical - ultraviolet light - or a radioactive substance that can induce - or increase the frequency of - mutations in DNA.
reinforcer
mutagen
cartilage
deoxygenated blood
26. A class of neurons that convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles.
attenuation coefficient
motor neuron
high-risk screening
electron
27. Cells that cover all surfaces of the body. (CS 3 - 4 - 6 & 7)
reflex
cellular respiration
epithelial cells
nociceptive pain
28. Any unintended and undesirable consequences of medical treatment; also known in medicine as an adverse effect or reaction.
respiratory centres
psychological trauma
mucus
side-effects
29. Refers to an infectious disease that can be transmitted by physical contact.
element
contagious
cell
allograft
30. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. It consists only of the atoms characteristic - e.g. hydrogen (H) - oxygen (O) - nitrogen (N) - sodium (Na) - chlorine (Cl) - mercury (Hg). There are 92 naturally oc
chronic bronchitis
accommodation
element
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
31. A chemical that reduces microbial contamination of water - surfaces - etc.
affect
disinfectant
pyloric sphincter
reflection
32. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.
vacuum
open angle glaucoma
inhibitory synapse
pupil
33. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.
arteries
respiratory centres
epidermis
refractive errors
34. A very long macromolecule found in the cell nucleus - abbreviated to DNA. It is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics through the generations in all organisms. The genetic information is carried
age-related macular degeneration
action potential
phagocyte
deoxyribonucleic acid
35. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil
atmospheric pressure
organ
rods
equivalent dose
36. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)
cellular respiration
vital capacity
proxy measure
spectrum
37. The separation of waste products from the blood.
colour deficiency
hippocampus
excretion
mitochondrio
38. Radiation which can cause ionisation. From the electromagnetic spectrum this includes gamma rays - X-rays and some high-energy ultraviolet radiation.
image
extracellular matrix
ionising radiation
interneuron
39. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).
hydrogen bond
fetal alcohol syndrome
greenstick fracture
nearwork activity
40. Often abbreviated to 'risk factors'; anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different population
disease risk factors
vacuum
bronchus
pain
41. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va
attenuation
focal length
cell
expiration
42. A class of neuron that is neither sensory nor motor.
concave
analgesics
interneuron
ethanol
43. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.
diastolic blood pressure
cartilage
hormone
media
44. The neuron that stores and releases neurotransmitter at a synapse with another neuron or a muscle cell.
greenstick fracture
biomass fuel
alpha-1 antitrypsin
presynaptic neuron
45. A subunit of the litre - the standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; there are 100 of these in a litre.
hypnosis
centilitre
antagonist
spirogram
46. A medically qualified person who has chosen to specialise in clinical radiology - the use of imaging to diagnose - treat and monitor various disease processes.
ionic compound
atom
bronchiole
radiologist
47. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.
hyperventilate
diaphragm
fibrosis
wind-up
48. The tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs; also known as the windpipe.
trachea
pain
insufficiency fracture
regenerative medicine
49. The number of new cases in a given period - usually a year - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population
gas transfer test
incidence rate
wave
psychological trauma
50. Colours of light (red - blue and green) which - when added together - make white light.
chemical compound
neuron
additive primary colours
risk factor