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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Severe psychological shock.






2. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.






3. The removal of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule.






4. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.






5. A) A process in which the photon energy is captured by a medium - without transmission or reflection. b) The process by which the molecules released from digested food pass through the wall of the gut and into the surrounding blood vessels.






6. The study of the fate of chemical contaminants in the natural environment and their effects on plants - animals and ecosystems.






7. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.






8. A tissue made up of cells embedded in a matrix of protein fibres which includes bones - fat and tendons; they connect - support - or surround other tissues and organs.






9. Most common type of age-related macular degeneration - in which the blood supply to the retina is reduced - resulting in gradual loss of vision.






10. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that






11. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.






12. A multi-disciplinary programme of care for patients with chronic respiratory conditions - Which is tailored to the individual and combines exercise and education to address all aspects of living with the condition.






13. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. It consists only of the atoms characteristic - e.g. hydrogen (H) - oxygen (O) - nitrogen (N) - sodium (Na) - chlorine (Cl) - mercury (Hg). There are 92 naturally oc






14. An agent - such as a chemical - ultraviolet light - or a radioactive substance that can induce - or increase the frequency of - mutations in DNA.






15. The process of inspiring or inhaling; the drawing in of air into the lungs.






16. Fuel derived from plant matter or animal waste - e.g. wood - straw - dried animal dung.






17. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t






18. A response to a stimulus or substance (such as alcohol) which occurs rapidly and produces severe - possibly life-threatening - symptoms.






19. A readily measured statistic or parameter that can be used in place of a more complex statistic - or to 'stand in for' one that is impossible to measure directly; e.g. disease statistics are often used as this for the 'health' of a population; the nu






20. Disease or disorder that often has a gradual onset - involves slowly changing symptoms and lasts for a long time.






21. A small airway branching from a bronchus.






22. Diseases involving the frequent passing of liquid faeces; they are caused by a wide variety of pathogens - including viruses - bacteria and protoctists (single-celled organisms).






23. Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person (also known as 'non-infectious diseases' or 'chronic conditions' or 'long-term conditions'); they mainly develop slowly over time and persist for a long period - or are irreversible; e.g. canc






24. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it






25. The term given to those units of measurement that scientists all over the world have agreed to use in their publications; e.g. the second (s) - the kilogram (kg) - and the metre (m).






26. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).






27. The system of muscles and bones and their various joints and linkages that facilitates support and movement in the body.






28. The process of breaking down foods in the body into the molecules needed to maintain life.






29. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ






30. The amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs in the first second of expiration - abbreviated to FEV1.






31. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.






32. A screening procedure has high of this if - in people who do not have the disease being screened for - the procedure is very likely not to detect disease - that is - to give a negative result. Numerically - this is calculated by expressing the number






33. The blood pressure that is detected during heart contractions - Which is higher than the diastolic pressure.






34. Screening that takes place haphazardly when an opportunity arises - for example - when a patient consults a doctor about something unrelated and is referred for a screening test.






35. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.






36. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






37. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.






38. To breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal.






39. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (






40. An atom that is better than other atoms at attracting electrons to itself; e.g. oxygen






41. A scale from 0 to 14 describing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution - where 7 is neutral - greater than 7 is more basic (alkaline) and less than 7 is more acidic.






42. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - but who actually has the disease.






43. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.






44. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.






45. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.






46. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.






47. A measure of the real impact of a particular disease - disorder or disability on people's lives (DALY) - combining an estimate of the number of years lived with a reduced quality of life - taking into account the severity of the condition (every cond






48. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(






49. The total amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs - abbreviated to FVC.






50. An excessive engagement in an activity despite negative consequences and a dependence upon the activity such that when access is denied - craving and withdrawal symptoms are seen. Most usually refers to dependency on a chemical substance but need not