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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A cell that is part of a malignant tumour; not subject to the body signals that tell normal cells when to divide or stop dividing - so they multiply in an uncontrolled way.






2. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given






3. A collection of neurons and other cells that is located within the protection of the backbone.






4. A chemical that is stored within the axon terminal of a neuron and is released in response to electrical activity within that neuron. It passes the short distance to a neighbouring cell (neuron or muscle cell) where it binds to a neurotransmitter rec






5. The blood pressure that is detected between heart contractions (lower than the systolic blood pressure).






6. Diseases involving the frequent passing of liquid faeces; they are caused by a wide variety of pathogens - including viruses - bacteria and protoctists (single-celled organisms).






7. The use of a spirometer to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.






8. A type of cell that can migrate into wound sites and make new extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen.






9. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the






10. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.






11. The visual condition of long-sightedness in which images of nearby objects cannot be focused sharply.






12. The movement of atoms or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration - until the concentration is the same throughout the available volume. Atoms and small molecules can also move across a permeable cell membran






13. The build-up of levels of a chemical contaminant in the bodies of animals at successive levels in a food chain.






14. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.






15. A method for determining the efficiency of gas transfer between the lungs and the pulmonary blood capillaries.






16. A difficult and controversial term to define - in spite of its everyday use. It describes all the information processing carried out by the brain.






17. The study of the fate of chemical contaminants in the natural environment and their effects on plants - animals and ecosystems.






18. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.






19. A complex molecule composed of smaller molecules (globin and haem) and iron atoms. It is a component of erythrocytes and its function is to bind reversibly to oxygen.






20. A protein produced in the liver that circulates around the body and blocks the destructive effects of certain proteinase enzymes such as elastase.






21. That part of the nervous system which exerts an influence over a number of the internal organs of the body - such as the gut - heart and blood vessels. Functions without conscious intervention.






22. The distance between atoms in a molecule.






23. An eye care professional who makes spectacles or contact lenses and advises on suitable frames or lens choices.






24. The smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element. Made up of a positively charged atomic nucleus - containing protons and neutrons - surrounded by negatively charged electrons.






25. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






26. X-ray imaging of the breast.






27. The organelles found inside myofibres that run the length of the cell and cause contraction.






28. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.






29. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.






30. A state in which addicts come to depend upon a drug for their 'normal' mental functioning.






31. Stimuli that are associated with actual or potential damage to body tissues.






32. A two-dimensional map or projection of an object.






33. A measure of the real impact of a particular disease - disorder or disability on people's lives (DALY) - combining an estimate of the number of years lived with a reduced quality of life - taking into account the severity of the condition (every cond






34. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.






35. Much of the brain is divided down its midline into two halves - the left and right of this; also referred to as the 'left brain' and the 'right brain'.






36. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)






37. The type of bone (sometimes called compact) that is more dense (compared with cancellous bone) and very strong. It is found in the parts of the bone that need to withstand the largest forces.






38. Immune system cells that circulate around the body helping to protect it from infection and some other types of disease; also known as white cells.






39. A graft where the donor tissue comes from the same person (as opposed to an allograft where it comes from another person).






40. Tissue that is found at joints and during bone repair. Its structure is a bit like bone without the mineral component - giving a smooth and resilient surface to the ends of bones to aid movement at joints.






41. Brain region involved in processing memories and emotional reactions.






42. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.






43. Condition in which no colour at all can be seen.






44. Any cell that ingests and destroys foreign particles - bacteria and cell debris.






45. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.






46. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.






47. A reduction in the number of photons passing through a material. It is caused by both absorption and scattering.






48. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.






49. A physiological reaction occurring in the body - triggered by the perception of aversive or threatening situations.






50. A form of energy that can be described as either a wave or as a flow of 'packets' of energy. It includes gamma rays - X-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves and radio waves. The different types of radiation are distinguished by







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