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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.
excretion
antibiotic resistance
proportional morbidity
cirrhosis
2. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t
sweat glands
population screening
residual volume
transmission
3. The size and direction of a push or pull.
bioaccumulation
force
microbes
age-related macular degeneration
4. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.
levers
ophthalmologist
receptor
rods
5. Degenerative disease of the retina that results in loss of vision in the centre of the visual field. It is caused by an impaired blood supply to the macula. This condition is usually associated with ageing.
age-related macular degeneration
pandemic
neurogenic pain
prevalence rate
6. The eye chart used to determine how well a person can see at various distances. Named after a 19th-century Dutch ophthalmologist Hermann Snellen (1834-1908) who devised a test for visual acuity.
Snellen letter chart
oxidation
refraction
neurotransmitter
7. The production of any colour by varying the relative intensities of the subtractive primaries (cyan - magenta and yellow).
spinal cord
scar
osteoporosis
trichromacy
8. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.
negative feedback
hypovolaemic shock
antagonist
priority eye diseases
9. The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would exert if it were alone in a container.
elastase
non-communicable diseases
cirrhosis
partial pressure
10. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.
double bond
dementia
epinephrine
cataract
11. The body system consisting of the heart - blood vessels and blood. It circulates blood throughout the body and is also known as the circulatory system.
iris
absorption
incubation period
cardiovascular system
12. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.
metastasis
myopia
brain imaging
equivalent dose
13. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the
biomass fuel
atom
epithelial cells
DNA repair protein
14. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.
proxy measure
polymer
somatic nervous system
opportunistic screening
15. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.
spirogram
alcoholic poisoning
wave
chronic pain
16. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.
infant mortality rate
hepatitis
true negative
media
17. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.
cortex
oestrogens
duct
visual impairment
18. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').
proteins
osteoclasts
neuron
pandemic
19. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.
attenuation
endocrine system
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
media
20. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).
LASIK
PM10
residual volume
somatic nervous system
21. A scale from 0 to 14 describing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution - where 7 is neutral - greater than 7 is more basic (alkaline) and less than 7 is more acidic.
nearwork activity
refractive errors
cerebral hemisphere
pH scale
22. Injury causing physical damage to the body.
traumatic injury
light ray
systolic blood pressure
bond dissociation energy
23. A group of primates - to which modern humans belong - characterised by upright posture and a very large brain in relation to body size.
electromagnetic radiation
ionic compound
hominids
tidal volume
24. A form of energy that can be described as either a wave or as a flow of 'packets' of energy. It includes gamma rays - X-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves and radio waves. The different types of radiation are distinguished by
elastase
single-strand break
fetal alcohol syndrome
electromagnetic radiation
25. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled at each breath when resting (abbreviated to TV).
nearwork activity
electronegative
primates
tidal volume
26. Most common type of age-related macular degeneration - in which the blood supply to the retina is reduced - resulting in gradual loss of vision.
polymer
cognitive-behavioural therapy
dry AMD
pulse oximetry
27. The pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere at a particular location as a result of the mass of the column of air above it. At sea level - it is 760 mmHg or 101.325 kPa.
atmospheric pressure
diastolic blood pressure
solvent
conditional stimulus
28. A graph recording breathing - Which is made with a spirometer.
duct
spirogram
tissue engineering
heat capacity
29. A molecule that has both negatively and positively charged regions.
tolerance
polar molecule
intensity
arteries
30. Building replacement tissues to aid repair following damage.
cardiovascular system
tissue engineering
neuron
mammography
31. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi
cerebral hemisphere
tissue
brain imaging
image
32. Categorised into three progressive stages: fatty liver - hepatitis and cirrhosis.
epidemic
bone marrow
infectious dose
alcoholic liver disease
33. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.
adaptive value
skeletal muscle
stroma
erythrocyte
34. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.
incubation period
hippocampus
forced expiratory volume in one second
invasive cancer
35. Stimuli to pain that are associated with social loss such as bereavement - marital breakdown.
element
open angle glaucoma
screening
psychogenic stimuli
36. A painful eye condition caused by repeated infections with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis .
reflex
trachoma
prevalence rate
point-of-use' strategy
37. The mechanisms in the nervous system underlying an automatic and unconscious reaction to a particular stimulus - i.e. a reaction that cannot be controlled by will-power.
alcohol tolerant
reflex
screening
reflection
38. The build-up of levels of a chemical contaminant in the bodies of animals at successive levels in a food chain.
risk factor
bioaccumulation
scar
synapse
39. The structure within the eye where the iris meets the cornea - where excess aqueous humour from the front of the eye can drain.
drainage angle
connective tissue
prevalence rate
radiologist
40. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.
total lung capacity
myofibrils
immunodeficiency
physiology
41. The system of muscles and bones and their various joints and linkages that facilitates support and movement in the body.
inspiration
bacteria
abstinence
musculoskeletal system
42. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.
hyperventilate
myofibrils
protons
haemoglobin
43. Often abbreviated to 'compound': a substance made up of two or more elements; it may be composed of molecules or ions.
choroid
chemical compound
regenerative medicine
side-effects
44. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that
nociception
elastase
natural selection
invasive cancer
45. A system of glands (also known as ductless glands) - each of which secretes one or more hormones directly into the bloodstream. (CS 1 - 2 & 3)
priority eye diseases
refractive errors
endocrine system
vasodilation
46. The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eyeball that contains the visual receptor cells (rods and cones).
colour blind
positive predictive value
retina
epidermis
47. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)
mutation
malignant cancer
metabolism
interneuron
48. Fuel derived from plant matter or animal waste - e.g. wood - straw - dried animal dung.
aqueous humour
biomass fuel
trichiasis
spectrum
49. The change of thickness of the lens of the eye so that focal length changes. This allows light from objects at different distances to be sharply focused in turn on the retina.
accommodation
neuron
nearwork activity
sensory neuron
50. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si
radiologist
ionising radiation
post-traumatic stress disorder
epidemiology