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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A volume in which there are no atoms or molecules.






2. A measure of how well a person sees - determined by the minimum distance at which two lines (or points) can be distinguished at a test distance.






3. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.






4. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.






5. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organism which takes into account the sensitivity to radiation of different organs in the body. Multiplied by a tissue weighting factor for that organ. Then the amounts for all the affected organs are






6. Bonding Which is due to the electrical attraction of equal and opposite electrical charges and which holds the ions in salt crystals together.






7. The expansion of narrow blood vessels immediately beneath the skin; as they dilate they can carry more blood.






8. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.






9. Tissue that is found at joints and during bone repair. Its structure is a bit like bone without the mineral component - giving a smooth and resilient surface to the ends of bones to aid movement at joints.






10. Colours of light (red - blue and green) which - when added together - make white light.






11. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.






12. A measure of the amount of energy from ionising radiation absorbed per kilogram of tissue. It is measured in units of grays where 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram.






13. The problem of trying to explain how the subjective feelings of consciousness arise from the physical matter of the brain.






14. Any unintended and undesirable consequences of medical treatment; also known in medicine as an adverse effect or reaction.






15. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.






16. A physiological reaction occurring in the body - triggered by the perception of aversive or threatening situations.






17. Optimal corrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 - i.e. wearing optimal correcting lenses - the individual can distinguish letters on a test chart at 6 metres that a person with normal vision could read at 18 metres






18. A class of neurons that convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles.






19. A subunit of the litre - the standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; there are 100 of these in a litre.






20. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.






21. A study in which the participants do not know into which group they have been allocated - e.g. whether they have received a drug or a placebo.






22. The type of bone (sometimes called compact) that is more dense (compared with cancellous bone) and very strong. It is found in the parts of the bone that need to withstand the largest forces.






23. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.






24. A brain region with an essential role in the storage and retrieval of memories.






25. A technique where people learn to change their thought patterns and behaviour to create feelings of coping and self-efficacy; e.g. people in chronic pain might be taught to place a less catastrophic interpretation on their pain.






26. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi






27. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.






28. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').






29. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.






30. The total amount of air that can be taken in to the lungs during a maximum inspiration - or expelled during a maximal expiration. (Abbreviated to VC)






31. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.






32. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.






33. The experience of being in an unpleasant situation - over a period of days - weeks or longer - in which one is unable to exert control over circumstances which are not of one's choosing. The coping resources necessary to meet the demands of this unpl






34. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou






35. The time between one peak of a wave and the next .






36. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.






37. A property of the body in which a number of its important parameters are held near to constant and any deviation from their normal value triggers action that tends to restore normality. It is exemplified by the maintenance of body temperature - or of






38. A) A process in which the photon energy is captured by a medium - without transmission or reflection. b) The process by which the molecules released from digested food pass through the wall of the gut and into the surrounding blood vessels.






39. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - but who actually does not have the disease.






40. The organelles found inside myofibres that run the length of the cell and cause contraction.






41. Pain that arises from tissue damage in one part of the body - but Which is felt to be arising in a different part of the body. It is said to be 'referred to' a part that is not damaged.






42. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.






43. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.






44. A type of cell that is responsible for contraction in skeletal muscle tissue. They are long and thin and have many nuclei. (Also known as muscle fibre)






45. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.






46. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.






47. A tissue made up of cells embedded in a matrix of protein fibres which includes bones - fat and tendons; they connect - support - or surround other tissues and organs.






48. An electrically charged atom or molecule. May be positively or negatively charged; e.g. Na+ (the positively charged sodium ion) and Cl- (the negatively charged chloride ion).






49. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.






50. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.