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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A group of steroid hormones produced mainly by the ovaries (some are also produced by fat deposits in the body) - which are responsible for promoting the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics.






2. Cells that cover all surfaces of the body. (CS 3 - 4 - 6 & 7)






3. Deliberately deciding never to drink alcohol.






4. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.






5. A factor that strengthens a tendency to engage in a particular behaviour.






6. Distance between one peak of a wave and the next peak - measured in metres (m).






7. The eye chart used to determine how well a person can see at various distances. Named after a 19th-century Dutch ophthalmologist Hermann Snellen (1834-1908) who devised a test for visual acuity.






8. The part of a neuron that consists of a long wire-like projection - ending in a terminal which participates in a synapse with another cell. Action potentials are transmitted along these.






9. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.






10. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - but who actually has the disease.






11. A measure of the refracting power of a lens. Calculated as: 1 / focal length of the lens (in metres). The unit used is dioptres (symbol D). The power of a convex lens is positive; for a concave lens it is negative.






12. The ability of bacteria which have acquired a resistance gene to survive the action of an antibiotic drug that kills antibiotic-sensitive bacteria from the same strain.






13. An organelle (plural: mitochondria) in the cytosol of cells where much of cellular respiration takes place (the release of usable chemical energy from molecules derived from food).






14. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.






15. A term that refers to the fact that the connections between neurons are not static. Rather - they are subject to change as result of activity within the neurons concerned. It can mean - over a period of time - increased sensitivity of connections bet






16. A class of substances arising from outside the body - but Which bear a close similarity to naturally occurring opioids in their structure and effect; they include heroin derived from the opium poppy and morphine.






17. Severe psychological shock.






18. Blood that contains a high level of oxygen and in which most of the haemoglobin has been converted into oxyhaemoglobin by bonding to oxygen.






19. Optimal corrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 - i.e. wearing optimal correcting lenses - the individual can distinguish letters on a test chart at 6 metres that a person with normal vision could read at 18 metres






20. Building replacement tissues to aid repair following damage.






21. An intense conscious occupation with thoughts of the object of an addiction.






22. That part of the nervous system that is not within the central nervous system. It is made up of nerves throughout the body.






23. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.






24. The total amount of air that can be taken in to the lungs during a maximum inspiration - or expelled during a maximal expiration. (Abbreviated to VC)






25. Molecules or proteins released by immune system cells in the region of an injury - infection or other damage to the tissues. They have several effects including dilation (widening) of blood vessels to increase blood supply to the region. They also at






26. The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eyeball that contains the visual receptor cells (rods and cones).






27. Counts of deaths.






28. The behaviour of electromagnetic radiation cannot be adequately described in all situations by any one model. In some situations the wave model is appropriate - in others the particle model - which describes the radiation as photons - must be used.






29. The distance between atoms in a molecule.






30. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)






31. A process at an interface of two media in which light is returned into the original medium without transmission or absorption.






32. Certain kinds of activity with which the brain is engaged - i.e. the processing of information that is summarised by the term 'mind'. It is exemplified by thinking - memory - reasoning and interpreting.






33. A class of natural neurotransmitters that have a similar structure and action to morphine and heroin.






34. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.






35. Diseases involving the frequent passing of liquid faeces; they are caused by a wide variety of pathogens - including viruses - bacteria and protoctists (single-celled organisms).






36. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the






37. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.






38. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.






39. Cells that can divide to produce daughter cells - which can then differentiate to become any of a range of different cell types.






40. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.






41. The type of muscle tissue that is responsible for moving parts of the musculoskeletal system.






42. The type of bone that is less dense (compared with compact bone) and contains struts (trabeculae) to provide strength. It is found within the widened areas inside the ends of the bones.






43. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.






44. A chronic - irreversible disease of the lungs characterised by loss of elastic recoil and enlarged air spaces in the lungs due to destruction of the walls of the alveoli and small airways.






45. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.






46. The junction where a neuron influences another cell - the latter being either another neuron or a muscle cell. (






47. The curved transparent layer that covers the front part of the eye. This (together with the lens) refracts light to form of an image on the retina - as well as protecting the eye from frontal damage.






48. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






49. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.






50. Pain of relatively short duration and associated with actual damage to tissues.