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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cells associated with peripheral neurons that wrap themselves around the axons.






2. The distance between atoms in a molecule.






3. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






4. Any factor Which is statistically associated with a particular outcome (e.g. the incidence of a disease) - but Which is not involved in its causation. The association can disguise the true cause (or causes) of the outcome.






5. The ability of the brain to take information and perform informed calculations (e.g. calculating the width of a space in which to park a car).






6. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va






7. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.






8. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.






9. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.






10. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.






11. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.






12. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.






13. The flow of blood back to the heart in the veins.






14. Complex structures in the body formed from a number of different tissues - which form a distinct structure and serve a particular function - e.g. the heart - the brain - the lungs. (CS 2 & 4)






15. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.






16. A difficult and controversial term to define - in spite of its everyday use. It describes all the information processing carried out by the brain.






17. A volume in which there are no atoms or molecules.






18. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.






19. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.






20. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.






21. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.






22. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. It consists only of the atoms characteristic - e.g. hydrogen (H) - oxygen (O) - nitrogen (N) - sodium (Na) - chlorine (Cl) - mercury (Hg). There are 92 naturally oc






23. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled at each breath when resting (abbreviated to TV).






24. A stimulus that has no intrinsic power to trigger a particular response but which acquires this power after being associated with another stimulus. For example - a bell does not normally trigger salivation but - after pairing with food - it acquires






25. Type of glaucoma in which the outflow of aqueous humour from the eye is blocked because the gap between the iris and the cornea has closed.






26. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






27. The number of deaths in a population - either from all causes combined or from a specific cause - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) people in the population.






28. This refers to a random effect of ionising radiation. There is no radiation threshold at which the effect inevitably occurs - but the probability of an effect occurring increases with the amount of radiation received.






29. The process of reducing pain - e.g. by taking morphine.






30. An organelle (plural: mitochondria) in the cytosol of cells where much of cellular respiration takes place (the release of usable chemical energy from molecules derived from food).






31. Stimuli to pain that are associated with social loss such as bereavement - marital breakdown.






32. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.






33. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.






34. Microscopic organisms (bacteria - fungi and protoctists) - together with viruses - whether pathogenic (disease-causing) or harmless; also known as microorganisms.






35. A substance composed of positively and negatively charged ions - held together by the electrical attraction between opposite charges. Salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) - in which the ions are organised in a regular crystal lattice - are this.






36. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.






37. An electrically charged atom or molecule. May be positively or negatively charged; e.g. Na+ (the positively charged sodium ion) and Cl- (the negatively charged chloride ion).






38. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).






39. A class of neuron that detects the presence of stimuli in the world - such as tactile events - heat - cold or tissue damage.






40. A technique where people learn to change their thought patterns and behaviour to create feelings of coping and self-efficacy; e.g. people in chronic pain might be taught to place a less catastrophic interpretation on their pain.






41. Over time - a need for an increasing amount of drug to obtain the same level of effect - e.g. the amount of alcohol required to produce intoxication.






42. Diseases or disorders that develop as a result of the interaction over time of a combination of different risk factors - none of which on its own would be likely to cause the disease. These may include the inheritance of certain gene mutations from a






43. A process at an interface of two media in which the direction of light is deviated within the new medium.






44. The number of cases of a disease - disorder or disability in a population - relative to the total number of people at risk of developing it; usually expressed as the number of cases per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






45. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it






46. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.






47. Distance between one peak of a wave and the next peak - measured in metres (m).






48. The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would exert if it were alone in a container.






49. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil






50. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.







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