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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A visual impairment in which the lens of the eye loses transparency and exhibits reduced light transmission.






2. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.






3. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou






4. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.






5. Colours of light (red - blue and green) which - when added together - make white light.






6. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (






7. Pain of relatively short duration and associated with actual damage to tissues.






8. Severe psychological shock.






9. The blood pressure that is detected during heart contractions - Which is higher than the diastolic pressure.






10. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.






11. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').






12. Tissue that is found at joints and during bone repair. Its structure is a bit like bone without the mineral component - giving a smooth and resilient surface to the ends of bones to aid movement at joints.






13. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short






14. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.






15. A visual impairment that interferes with day-to-day functions that an affected person considers to be normal.






16. A subdivision of a rounded mass of tissue. For example - in the breast - this is used to describe an individual branched subsection of the mammary gland.






17. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.






18. Type of glaucoma in which the outflow of aqueous humour from the eye is blocked because the gap between the iris and the cornea has closed.






19. A state in which addicts come to depend upon a drug for their 'normal' mental functioning.






20. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)






21. A thick ring of muscle that controls pupil size - thereby regulating the amount of light that enters the eye. It forms the coloured portion of the eye.






22. Radiation which can cause ionisation. From the electromagnetic spectrum this includes gamma rays - X-rays and some high-energy ultraviolet radiation.






23. A group of steroid hormones produced mainly by the ovaries (some are also produced by fat deposits in the body) - which are responsible for promoting the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics.






24. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.






25. The entire range or extent of some quantity - arranged in order; e.g. electromagnetic or visible light.






26. For a screening procedure such as mammography - the number of true positive results expressed as a percentage of the total number of positive results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person with a positiv






27. The junction where a neuron influences another cell - the latter being either another neuron or a muscle cell. (






28. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.






29. A class of neuron that is neither sensory nor motor.






30. The removal of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule.






31. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.






32. The pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere at a particular location as a result of the mass of the column of air above it. At sea level - it is 760 mmHg or 101.325 kPa.






33. The change of thickness of the lens of the eye so that focal length changes. This allows light from objects at different distances to be sharply focused in turn on the retina.






34. The total number of people who have a disease - disorder or disability at a particular point in time - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






35. The material outside the cells in a tissue in which the cells are embedded. It is mainly made from proteins made by and arranged by the cells.






36. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).






37. A condition in which the cornea is irregularly curved.






38. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.






39. Certain kinds of activity with which the brain is engaged - i.e. the processing of information that is summarised by the term 'mind'. It is exemplified by thinking - memory - reasoning and interpreting.






40. The release of water vapour by plants.






41. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






42. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.






43. A type of cell that is responsible for contraction in skeletal muscle tissue. They are long and thin and have many nuclei. (Also known as muscle fibre)






44. Damage to the retina due to the abnormal blood flow that may develop in people with diabetes.






45. Number of new cases of a condition diagnosed in a population in a given period - usually one year.






46. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.






47. A substance (usually liquid) in which other substances dissolve.






48. Deliberately deciding never to drink alcohol.






49. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).






50. The type of bone that is less dense (compared with compact bone) and contains struts (trabeculae) to provide strength. It is found within the widened areas inside the ends of the bones.