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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
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Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.
partial pressure
lung function test
bronchus
action potential
2. The junction where a neuron influences another cell - the latter being either another neuron or a muscle cell. (
diffusion
epidemiology
synapse
insufficiency fracture
3. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).
mortality rate
open fracture
nociception
nearwork activity
4. An infection of the lower respiratory tract (the bronchi and lungs) - e.g. pneumonia.
endothelial cells
open fracture
lower respiratory infection
molecule
5. Pain that arises from tissue damage in one part of the body - but Which is felt to be arising in a different part of the body. It is said to be 'referred to' a part that is not damaged.
referred pain
single-strand break
noxious stimuli
high-risk screening
6. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.
endothelial cells
allograft
cast
biopsy
7. A subdivision of a rounded mass of tissue. For example - in the breast - this is used to describe an individual branched subsection of the mammary gland.
millilitres
immunodeficiency
oestrogens
lobule
8. An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience traditionally associated with actual or potential tissue damage and which normally is felt to arise in a particular location in the body. The term can also be used to refer to experiences triggered by so
endothelial cells
pain
sensory neuron
epidemiology
9. Distance between one peak of a wave and the next peak - measured in metres (m).
wavelength
chemical formula
stem cells
optometrist
10. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.
anti-inflammatory
hard problem of consciousness
collagen
choroid
11. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a body - or a quantity of liquid - by 1 A
bone marrow
heat capacity
grays
phagocyte
12. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.
contagious
granulation tissue
postsynaptic neuron
bronchodilator
13. A readily measured statistic or parameter that can be used in place of a more complex statistic - or to 'stand in for' one that is impossible to measure directly; e.g. disease statistics are often used as this for the 'health' of a population; the nu
incidence
partial pressure
vasopressin
proxy measure
14. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.
hypothesis
reward
solvent
hard problem of consciousness
15. A screening procedure has high of this if - in people who do not have the disease being screened for - the procedure is very likely not to detect disease - that is - to give a negative result. Numerically - this is calculated by expressing the number
biopsy
sweat glands
mammals
specificity
16. Countries that are only partly industrialised and where national wealth is below that of the developed economies (also known as low- and middle-income countries). They rely to a much greater degree than developed countries on subsistence farming - sm
cognition
age-related macular degeneration
greenstick fracture
developing countries
17. A class of natural neurotransmitters that have a similar structure and action to morphine and heroin.
opioid
single-strand break
nociceptive pain
aqueous humour
18. Much of the brain is divided down its midline into two halves - the left and right of this; also referred to as the 'left brain' and the 'right brain'.
nociception
cerebral hemisphere
iris
image
19. A process at an interface of two media in which the direction of light is deviated within the new medium.
colour deficiency
refraction
chronic bronchitis
cornea
20. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t
population screening
emphysema
high-risk screening
intensity
21. Certain kinds of activity with which the brain is engaged - i.e. the processing of information that is summarised by the term 'mind'. It is exemplified by thinking - memory - reasoning and interpreting.
compact bone
agonist
cartilage
cognition
22. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)
fibrosis
light ray
malignant cancer
colour blind
23. An electrical difference across the membrane of cells that arises from an unequal concentration of ions on either side. It is also termed 'voltage'.
natural selection
axon
potential difference
grays
24. Type of glaucoma in which the outflow of aqueous humour from the eye is blocked because the gap between the iris and the cornea has closed.
myofibre
closed-angle glaucoma
cognition
fracture
25. The tissue that forms following healing - Which is not the same in structure as the original tissue.
low vision
scar
respiratory system
action potential
26. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.
calcium ions
fovea
fracture
true negative
27. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.
optical power
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
anti-inflammatory
spirometer
28. Any fracture where the skin has not been broken.
wet AMD
closed fracture
scar
proteins
29. A molecule that facilitates a reaction but Which is left unchanged at the end; catalysis refers to the action of this.
hyperopia
mortality rate
catalyst
hormone
30. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.
pain matrix
atomic nucleus
prevalence
acute inflammation
31. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).
cell
regenerative medicine
withdrawal symptoms
partial pressure
32. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.
lymph node
immunodeficiency
mammals
deoxygenated blood
33. Death.
ionic bonding
iris
open angle glaucoma
mortality
34. The pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere at a particular location as a result of the mass of the column of air above it. At sea level - it is 760 mmHg or 101.325 kPa.
multifactorial disease
xenobiotic
low vision
atmospheric pressure
35. A technique where people learn to change their thought patterns and behaviour to create feelings of coping and self-efficacy; e.g. people in chronic pain might be taught to place a less catastrophic interpretation on their pain.
cognitive-behavioural therapy
physiology
rods
psychobiological approach
36. Condition in which no colour at all can be seen.
colour blind
child mortality rate
proteins
sweat glands
37. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it
classical conditioning
bone marrow
binge drinking
cerebral hemisphere
38. The curved transparent layer that covers the front part of the eye. This (together with the lens) refracts light to form of an image on the retina - as well as protecting the eye from frontal damage.
cornea
extinction
specificity
trachea
39. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (
reflection
nearwork activity
glaucoma
agonist
40. Particulates suspended in air that are less than 10 micrometres in diameter.
potential difference
PM10
mind
trauma
41. An excessive engagement in an activity despite negative consequences and a dependence upon the activity such that when access is denied - craving and withdrawal symptoms are seen. Most usually refers to dependency on a chemical substance but need not
conjunctivitis
prevalence
addiction
endocrine disruptors
42. The skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis and provides the strength and elasticity of the skin.
dermis
open fracture
side-effects
pain
43. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level
elastase
connective tissue
low vision
epidemic
44. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.
mind
single bond
osteoblasts
stunting
45. A variety of conditions associated with eyesight - from total loss of sight (blindness) to partial sight loss.
epinephrine
visual impairment
structural formula
solvent
46. The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
plasticity
central nervous system
allograft
electron
47. A) Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged. b) An organelle containing the genetic material - found in most animal and plant cells.
nucleus
residual volume
pulmonary hypertension
peripheral nervous system
48. The cells associated with peripheral neurons that wrap themselves around the axons.
Schwann cells
electron
gene
agriculture
49. Pain that arises from damage to neurons either within the central nervous system or in the periphery of the body.
malignant cancer
chronic pain
neurogenic pain
spirogram
50. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.
wave-particle duality
hormone
veins
nociceptive pain
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