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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A small airway branching from a bronchus.






2. Damage to the retina due to the abnormal blood flow that may develop in people with diabetes.






3. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t






4. The term given to those units of measurement that scientists all over the world have agreed to use in their publications; e.g. the second (s) - the kilogram (kg) - and the metre (m).






5. A slimy - viscous substance secreted as a protective lubricant by the cells in the lining of the nose - throat and airways. Traps microbes and particles and is swept out of the respiratory system into the throat - to be coughed out or swallowed. Also






6. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.






7. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.






8. A clearly stated provisional explanation for a set of observations or data - devised for the purpose of testing its validity by the collection of additional data or by conducting an experiment.






9. An infection of the lower respiratory tract (the bronchi and lungs) - e.g. pneumonia.






10. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.






11. A bundle of the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. (Occasionally employed informally to refer to a bundle of axons within the central nervous system.)






12. Memory for events or issues related to oneself.






13. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.






14. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.






15. A class of substances arising from outside the body - but Which bear a close similarity to naturally occurring opioids in their structure and effect; they include heroin derived from the opium poppy and morphine.






16. A state in which addicts come to depend upon a drug for their 'normal' mental functioning.






17. Much of the brain is divided down its midline into two halves - the left and right of this; also referred to as the 'left brain' and the 'right brain'.






18. The junction where a neuron influences another cell - the latter being either another neuron or a muscle cell. (






19. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled at each breath when resting (abbreviated to TV).






20. A bean-shaped tissue packed with immune system cells found at intervals along the vessels of the lymphatic system. They filter potentially harmful substances and organisms (microbes) from body fluids that drain into the lymphatic system; the filtered






21. The study of the relationship between the structure and the function of body systems.






22. The type of bone that is less dense (compared with compact bone) and contains struts (trabeculae) to provide strength. It is found within the widened areas inside the ends of the bones.






23. Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person (also known as 'non-infectious diseases' or 'chronic conditions' or 'long-term conditions'); they mainly develop slowly over time and persist for a long period - or are irreversible; e.g. canc






24. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi






25. A tissue made up of cells embedded in a matrix of protein fibres which includes bones - fat and tendons; they connect - support - or surround other tissues and organs.






26. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.






27. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.






28. Fuel derived from plant matter or animal waste - e.g. wood - straw - dried animal dung.






29. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.






30. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.






31. The joining of tissues to each other that may occur abnormally during repair.






32. A type of chemical bond formed between a partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge on another atom. In more detail - the bond is formed by the electrical attraction occurring between the partial positive charge remainin






33. The process of reducing pain - e.g. by taking morphine.






34. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.






35. Tissue that is found at joints and during bone repair. Its structure is a bit like bone without the mineral component - giving a smooth and resilient surface to the ends of bones to aid movement at joints.






36. A molecule that facilitates a reaction but Which is left unchanged at the end; catalysis refers to the action of this.






37. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.






38. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the






39. The expansion of narrow blood vessels immediately beneath the skin; as they dilate they can carry more blood.






40. An organelle (plural: mitochondria) in the cytosol of cells where much of cellular respiration takes place (the release of usable chemical energy from molecules derived from food).






41. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






42. A graph recording breathing - Which is made with a spirometer.






43. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.






44. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si






45. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi






46. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.






47. A type of cell that is responsible for contraction in skeletal muscle tissue. They are long and thin and have many nuclei. (Also known as muscle fibre)






48. Diseases involving the frequent passing of liquid faeces; they are caused by a wide variety of pathogens - including viruses - bacteria and protoctists (single-celled organisms).






49. An approach to explanation which implies two closely related things: (i) both biological and psychological sciences have central roles in the explanation - and (ii) a given phenomenon to be studied within this perspective - such as pain - has both bi






50. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou