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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
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Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A small unit of energy frequently used by physicists and denoted by the symbol eV.
ophthalmologist
ethanol
electronvolt
coronary heart disease
2. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ
body mass index
brain imaging
centilitre
spirometry
3. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl
hypothesis
proteins
single-strand break
risk factor
4. Particulates suspended in air that are less than 10 micrometres in diameter.
electronegative
motor neuron
respiratory system
PM10
5. The process of detecting stimuli that cause actual or potential damage to the tissues of the body.
hypovolaemic shock
autograft
nociception
bar chart
6. The problem of trying to explain how the subjective feelings of consciousness arise from the physical matter of the brain.
acute effects
hard problem of consciousness
millilitres
gas transfer test
7. The production of any colour by varying the relative intensities of the subtractive primaries (cyan - magenta and yellow).
vasodilation
hydrogen bond
inflammatory mediators
trichromacy
8. Vital to many chemical reactions in the body. Crystals containing these form an important part of the structure of bones.
calcium ions
phagocyte
obesity
mammals
9. Immune system cells that circulate around the body helping to protect it from infection and some other types of disease; also known as white cells.
epidermis
pulmonary rehabilitation
proportional mortality
leukocytes
10. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t
enzyme
attenuation coefficient
cataract
adaptive characteristic
11. The type of bone (sometimes called compact) that is more dense (compared with cancellous bone) and very strong. It is found in the parts of the bone that need to withstand the largest forces.
compact bone
pH scale
colour deficiency
mammals
12. An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.(
gas transfer test
disinfectant
opioid
neutron
13. Tissues that are like tendons in terms of structure but connect bones to each other (rather than bones to muscles).
attenuation coefficient
antagonist
covalent bond
ligaments
14. Injury causing physical damage to the body.
vital capacity
traumatic injury
Snellen letter chart
population screening
15. A constantly repeating variation of some quantity that transfers energy from one position in a medium to another.
endocrine disruptors
levers
wave
mitochondrio
16. A drug that widens the airways of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles.
cerebral hemisphere
diabetic retinopathy
bronchodilator
toxin
17. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.
tendons
acute inflammation
visual disability
grays
18. A slimy - viscous substance secreted as a protective lubricant by the cells in the lining of the nose - throat and airways. Traps microbes and particles and is swept out of the respiratory system into the throat - to be coughed out or swallowed. Also
ophthalmologist
antagonist
mucus
hydrogen bond
19. An aspect of a characteristic that represents an adaptive compromise between two opposing evolutionary pressures; e.g. the human pelvis represents a compromise between being narrow - Which is necessary for running at speed - and being wide - Which is
evolutionary trade-off
classical conditioning
concave
addiction
20. The total amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs - abbreviated to FVC.
ionising radiation
forced vital capacity
LASIK
refraction
21. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va
refraction
cell
epidemiology
force
22. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.
blood-alcohol concentration
biopsy
peripheral nervous system
spirometer
23. The effects of ionising radiation are said to be this if there is a threshold below which there is no effect - and if above that threshold - the severity depends on the amount of radiation received.
acidosis
deterministic
PM10
bone marrow
24. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.
negative predictive value
hypothesis
diaphragm
alveolus
25. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.
absorbed dose
connective tissue
adhesion
hypovolaemic shock
26. Leading global causes of visual impairment that have been identified by the WHO's Vision 2020 project as targets that can be prevented or treated. They include refractive errors and low vision - cataract - glaucoma - AMD - diabetic retinopathy and tr
inspiration
priority eye diseases
inflammatory mediators
chemoreceptor
27. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.
radiographer
focal length
dementia
pain matrix
28. The behaviour of electromagnetic radiation cannot be adequately described in all situations by any one model. In some situations the wave model is appropriate - in others the particle model - which describes the radiation as photons - must be used.
wave-particle duality
proteins
macula lutea
classical conditioning
29. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.
gate theory
blood pressure
physiology
aqueous humour
30. Damage to the retina due to the abnormal blood flow that may develop in people with diabetes.
respiratory system
diabetic retinopathy
sensory neuron
stochastic
31. The visual condition of long-sightedness in which images of nearby objects cannot be focused sharply.
hyperopia
point-of-use' strategy
osteoporosis
bronchus
32. The tissue that forms following healing - Which is not the same in structure as the original tissue.
protons
scar
emphysema
bond dissociation energy
33. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.
ionic compound
myofibre
binge drinking
ionic bonding
34. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. It consists only of the atoms characteristic - e.g. hydrogen (H) - oxygen (O) - nitrogen (N) - sodium (Na) - chlorine (Cl) - mercury (Hg). There are 92 naturally oc
diabetic retinopathy
splint
erythrocyte
element
35. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver
age-standardisation
photon
incidence
reward
36. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.
lower respiratory infection
duct
nephrons
diastolic blood pressure
37. Most common type of age-related macular degeneration - in which the blood supply to the retina is reduced - resulting in gradual loss of vision.
withdrawal symptoms
disinfectant
dry AMD
acidosis
38. The most common type of glaucoma - caused by a partial blockage of trabeculae - which reduces the rate at which the aqueous fluid can drain away from the eye and thus leads to a build up of intraocular pressure.
astigmatism
risk factor
hyperventilate
open angle glaucoma
39. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.
vasodilation
xenobiotic
alcoholic poisoning
closed fracture
40. A gradual change in about 10% of chronic heavy drinkers whereby liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.
cirrhosis
carboxyhaemoglobin
inhibitory synapse
proportional morbidity
41. The mechanisms in the nervous system underlying an automatic and unconscious reaction to a particular stimulus - i.e. a reaction that cannot be controlled by will-power.
musculoskeletal system
homeostasis
reflex
chronic effects
42. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.
double bond
concave
hydroxyl group
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
43. A subdivision of a rounded mass of tissue. For example - in the breast - this is used to describe an individual branched subsection of the mammary gland.
lobule
pain
hydroxyl group
binge drinking
44. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.
refractive errors
rods
molecule
opioid
45. A) A transparent and flexible convex structure behind the iris that (together with the cornea) refracts light. b) A transparent object - usually made of glass or plastic - that refracts light. Found in spectacles - magnifying glasses and microscopes.
pulmonary rehabilitation
refraction
lens
immune system
46. Often abbreviated to 'compound': a substance made up of two or more elements; it may be composed of molecules or ions.
body systems
morbidity rate
osteoblasts
chemical compound
47. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.
polar molecule
developed countries
bacteria
solvent
48. A process at an interface of two media in which the direction of light is deviated within the new medium.
scar
refraction
inflammation
catalyst
49. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi
postsynaptic neuron
attenuation coefficient
brain imaging
age-related macular degeneration
50. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.
psychogenic pain
absorption
pandemic
bond
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