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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
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Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The energy needed to break a bond between two atoms.
priority eye diseases
chronic inflammation
intensity
bond dissociation energy
2. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si
erythrocyte
high-risk screening
post-traumatic stress disorder
bar chart
3. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.
mitochondrio
morbidity
fatty liver
interneuron
4. The number of cases of a disease - disorder or disability in a population - relative to the total number of people at risk of developing it; usually expressed as the number of cases per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.
extinction
electron
stunting
morbidity rate
5. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.
water-borne infectious diseases
adaptive value
phagocyte
ophthalmologist
6. The flat cells that line the cardiovascular system.
nephrons
stem cells
endothelial cells
hepatitis
7. Persistent inflammation over long periods of time that occurs when the tissues are unable to overcome the effects of an injurious agent.
hepatitis
chronic inflammation
disease risk factors
additive primary colours
8. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.
biopsy
alpha-1 antitrypsin
hippocampus
transmission
9. The effects of ionising radiation are said to be this if there is a threshold below which there is no effect - and if above that threshold - the severity depends on the amount of radiation received.
epinephrine
deterministic
allograft
affect
10. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.
allograft
primates
water-borne infectious diseases
pulmonary hypertension
11. A condition in which the conjunctiva is inflamed.
attenuation coefficient
conjunctivitis
gate theory
organ
12. Microbes that cause disease.
pathogens
chronic inflammation
closed fracture
diabetic retinopathy
13. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou
drainage angle
negative feedback
stochastic
specificity
14. A condition in which a person exceeds a certain threshold for the proportion of body weight that consists of fat. In most assessments based on body mass index - a BMI of greater than 30 is defined as clinically obese.
incidence rate
allograft
spirogram
obesity
15. Tissue in the centre of some large bones that contains cells (including stem cells) which are responsible for the production of white cells - red blood cells and a variety of other cells.
light ray
optical power
body mass index
bone marrow
16. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.
macula lutea
positive predictive value
hormone
tendons
17. Gradual changes that occur slowly over time and may be irreversible - often in response to repeated exposure to a stimulus or toxic substance (e.g. alcohol).
protons
optometrist
chronic effects
powers of ten
18. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.
greenstick fracture
allograft
stem cells
scatter plot
19. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.
incubation period
tidal volume
fibrin
levers
20. The thinnest blood vessels.
capillaries
opioid
cell membrane
molecule
21. A protein that is abundant in the extracellular matrix and can form long thin fibres to provide structure to many tissues.
collagen
compact bone
media
acidosis
22. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the
single bond
electron
gate theory
cornea
23. A collection of neurons and other cells that is located within the protection of the backbone.
spinal cord
vacuum
fibroblast
nearwork activity
24. The pressure exerted by a gas. It is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in a mixture of gases - e.g. oxygen - carbon dioxide - nitrogen and other gases that make up the air in the lungs.
hydroxyl group
musculoskeletal system
vital capacity
gas pressure
25. Disease - disorder or disability.
conditional stimulus
light ray
morbidity
chronic bronchitis
26. The body system consisting of the heart - blood vessels and blood. It circulates blood throughout the body and is also known as the circulatory system.
hominids
cardiovascular system
negative predictive value
xenobiotic
27. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)
invasive cancer
residual volume
effective dose
ethanol
28. A lens shape with a greater thickness at the centre than at each end.
convex
diffusion
fulcrum
chronic condition
29. The total volume of gas contained in the lungs after a full inspiration (it is equal to vital capacity plus residual volume). (Abbreviated to TLC)
atmospheric pressure
infant mortality rate
total lung capacity
side-effects
30. Visual defects caused by imperfections in the cornea and/or lens of the eye.
acute inflammation
collagen
refractive errors
referred pain
31. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.
presynaptic neuron
pandemic
abstinence
dementia
32. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t
multifactorial disease
mortality rate
respiratory system
population screening
33. A term that refers to the fact that the connections between neurons are not static. Rather - they are subject to change as result of activity within the neurons concerned. It can mean - over a period of time - increased sensitivity of connections bet
grays
adaptive value
mutation
plasticity
34. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.
refractive errors
mitochondrio
mammals
endocrine system
35. The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would exert if it were alone in a container.
pupil
partial pressure
wave
ionising radiation
36. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of two electrons - one from each atom at either end of the bond.
evolutionary trade-off
single bond
forced vital capacity
alcoholic liver disease
37. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(
forced expiratory volume in one second
axon terminal
tolerance
hypoxia
38. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.
phantom pain
alveolus
disinfectant
non-communicable diseases
39. An electrical difference across the membrane of cells that arises from an unequal concentration of ions on either side. It is also termed 'voltage'.
tendons
potential difference
millilitres
solvent
40. An approach to explanation which implies two closely related things: (i) both biological and psychological sciences have central roles in the explanation - and (ii) a given phenomenon to be studied within this perspective - such as pain - has both bi
optical power
psychobiological approach
stroma
PM10
41. Number of new cases of a condition diagnosed in a population in a given period - usually one year.
multifactorial disease
alcoholic poisoning
incidence
extinction
42. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.
nerve
spirometry
visual disability
pupil
43. A measure of the refracting power of a lens. Calculated as: 1 / focal length of the lens (in metres). The unit used is dioptres (symbol D). The power of a convex lens is positive; for a concave lens it is negative.
optical power
particulates
multifactorial disease
pulse oximetry
44. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.
duct
action potential
levers
screening
45. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.
age-standardisation
plasticity
alveolus
immunodeficiency
46. The blood pressure that is detected between heart contractions (lower than the systolic blood pressure).
trichromacy
false positive
mutation
diastolic blood pressure
47. A beneficial effect deriving from a procedure with no intrinsic benefit. It relies upon the context in which the intervention is made; e.g. a sugar pill might serve as a placebo if the patient believes that it will bring some benefits. (
urbanisation
spirometry
placebo effect
brain imaging
48. That part of the nervous system that exerts control over the skeletal muscles and thereby over behaviour.
somatic nervous system
solvent
collagen
extinction
49. A shell - typically made from plaster or fibreglass - which can be put around a limb in order to encase and support a broken bone until it has healed.
alcohol tolerant
electron
cast
alcohol myopia
50. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.
solvent
mammography
epidermis
neuron
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