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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Qualified to employ a range of equipment such as X-rays - MRI scanners - etc. to produce images to diagnose an injury or disease. They will then have undergone further specialist training in mammography. (Two types - diagnostic and therapeutic; the l






2. A) Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged. b) An organelle containing the genetic material - found in most animal and plant cells.






3. A subunit of the litre - the standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; there are 100 of these in a litre.






4. The total amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs - abbreviated to FVC.






5. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.






6. The separation of waste products from the blood.






7. The total amount of air that can be taken in to the lungs during a maximum inspiration - or expelled during a maximal expiration. (Abbreviated to VC)






8. To breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal.






9. The cells that produce new bone.






10. The blood pressure that is detected during heart contractions - Which is higher than the diastolic pressure.






11. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.






12. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.






13. A lens shape with a greater thickness at the centre than at each end.






14. Memory for events or issues related to oneself.






15. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.






16. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.






17. A process at an interface of two media in which the direction of light is deviated within the new medium.






18. A) A transparent and flexible convex structure behind the iris that (together with the cornea) refracts light. b) A transparent object - usually made of glass or plastic - that refracts light. Found in spectacles - magnifying glasses and microscopes.






19. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va






20. The blood pressure that is detected between heart contractions (lower than the systolic blood pressure).






21. The pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere at a particular location as a result of the mass of the column of air above it. At sea level - it is 760 mmHg or 101.325 kPa.






22. Type of glaucoma in which the outflow of aqueous humour from the eye is blocked because the gap between the iris and the cornea has closed.






23. A method for determining the efficiency of gas transfer between the lungs and the pulmonary blood capillaries.






24. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.






25. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.






26. An infection of the lower respiratory tract (the bronchi and lungs) - e.g. pneumonia.






27. The unit used to measure equivalent dose and effective dose (Sv).






28. A system of glands (also known as ductless glands) - each of which secretes one or more hormones directly into the bloodstream. (CS 1 - 2 & 3)






29. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.






30. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').






31. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.






32. A very long macromolecule found in the cell nucleus - abbreviated to DNA. It is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics through the generations in all organisms. The genetic information is carried






33. Microscopic organisms (bacteria - fungi and protoctists) - together with viruses - whether pathogenic (disease-causing) or harmless; also known as microorganisms.






34. A volume in which there are no atoms or molecules.






35. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






36. A complex specialised molecule embedded in the outer membrane of a cell - or in its internal structure - which has a unique three-dimensional shape and patterns of electrical charge that enable it to bind specifically to a particular signalling molec






37. Degenerative disease of the retina that results in loss of vision in the centre of the visual field. It is caused by an impaired blood supply to the macula. This condition is usually associated with ageing.






38. The number of deaths in a population - either from all causes combined or from a specific cause - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) people in the population.






39. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.






40. For a screening procedure such as mammography - the number of true positive results expressed as a percentage of the total number of positive results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person with a positiv






41. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.






42. The ability of the brain to take information and perform informed calculations (e.g. calculating the width of a space in which to park a car).






43. The pivot point about which a lever rotates.






44. A molecule that has both negatively and positively charged regions.






45. Disease or disorder that often has a gradual onset - involves slowly changing symptoms and lasts for a long time.






46. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.






47. Tissues that are like tendons in terms of structure but connect bones to each other (rather than bones to muscles).






48. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - but who actually does not have the disease.






49. The tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs; also known as the windpipe.






50. A measure of the refracting power of a lens. Calculated as: 1 / focal length of the lens (in metres). The unit used is dioptres (symbol D). The power of a convex lens is positive; for a concave lens it is negative.