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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.
high-risk screening
fetal alcohol syndrome
pulmonary hypertension
gate theory
2. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.
chronic bronchitis
chemical bond
extracellular matrix
atom
3. Pain that arises from tissue damage in one part of the body - but Which is felt to be arising in a different part of the body. It is said to be 'referred to' a part that is not damaged.
attenuation coefficient
referred pain
respiration
acute condition
4. A drug that widens the airways of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles.
bronchodilator
inflammation
hydrogen bond
mind
5. A property of the body in which a number of its important parameters are held near to constant and any deviation from their normal value triggers action that tends to restore normality. It is exemplified by the maintenance of body temperature - or of
cirrhosis
chemoreceptor
homeostasis
prevalence
6. A subdivision of a rounded mass of tissue. For example - in the breast - this is used to describe an individual branched subsection of the mammary gland.
sievert
population screening
lobule
respiration
7. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.
polymer
lens
lymph node
proportional morbidity
8. A class of neurons that convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles.
motor neuron
acute effects
contagious
gas transfer test
9. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)
fovea
diastolic blood pressure
cellular respiration
low vision
10. The distance between atoms in a molecule.
bond length
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
hypothesis
stem cells
11. The standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; it has the symbol l.
threshold of excitation
litre
mutagen
disability adjusted life year
12. The entire range or extent of some quantity - arranged in order; e.g. electromagnetic or visible light.
pulmonary rehabilitation
spectrum
DNA repair protein
convex
13. Pain that arises from damage to neurons either within the central nervous system or in the periphery of the body.
pulmonary rehabilitation
neurogenic pain
nucleus
chronic pain
14. The pressure exerted by a gas. It is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in a mixture of gases - e.g. oxygen - carbon dioxide - nitrogen and other gases that make up the air in the lungs.
chemoreceptor
axon
proteinase
gas pressure
15. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.
single-strand break
reflection
closed-angle glaucoma
alveolus
16. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.
ligaments
non-communicable diseases
chronic pain
attenuation
17. The level of intensity of stimulation of a neuron at which it first shows activity. The term is used particularly in the context of sensory neurons.
analgesics
threshold of excitation
optician
carcinoma
18. A two-dimensional map or projection of an object.
bioaccumulation
bronchodilator
toxicology
image
19. A chronic - irreversible disease of the lungs characterised by loss of elastic recoil and enlarged air spaces in the lungs due to destruction of the walls of the alveoli and small airways.
emphysema
regenerative medicine
photorefractive keratectomy
deterministic
20. An aspect of a characteristic that represents an adaptive compromise between two opposing evolutionary pressures; e.g. the human pelvis represents a compromise between being narrow - Which is necessary for running at speed - and being wide - Which is
bronchodilator
hormone
evolutionary trade-off
respiratory centres
21. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.
intensity
immunodeficiency
reward
covalent bond
22. Often abbreviated to 'compound': a substance made up of two or more elements; it may be composed of molecules or ions.
chemical compound
oxyhaemoglobin
metabolism
ion
23. Degenerative disease of the retina that results in loss of vision in the centre of the visual field. It is caused by an impaired blood supply to the macula. This condition is usually associated with ageing.
age-related macular degeneration
cataract
tissue
ion
24. A narrow beam of light used to show the direction of travel of light from a source.
malignant cancer
acute effects
light ray
fetal alcohol syndrome
25. A study in which the participants do not know into which group they have been allocated - e.g. whether they have received a drug or a placebo.
diastolic blood pressure
morbidity
blind study
bronchodilator
26. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.
multifactorial disease
stress response
toxicology
adaptive value
27. A measure of the amount of energy from ionising radiation absorbed per kilogram of tissue. It is measured in units of grays where 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram.
cortex
myopia
absorbed dose
invasive cancer
28. Deliberately deciding never to drink alcohol.
chronic bronchitis
negative predictive value
abstinence
wave-particle duality
29. Substances that have the effect of reducing pain.
trachoma
nearwork activity
trauma
analgesics
30. The body system consisting of the heart - blood vessels and blood. It circulates blood throughout the body and is also known as the circulatory system.
nociceptive pain
cardiovascular system
colour deficiency
autonomic nervous system
31. An excessive engagement in an activity despite negative consequences and a dependence upon the activity such that when access is denied - craving and withdrawal symptoms are seen. Most usually refers to dependency on a chemical substance but need not
trichiasis
trachea
addiction
hippocampus
32. A visual impairment in which the lens of the eye loses transparency and exhibits reduced light transmission.
psychogenic stimuli
cataract
ethanol
diarrhoeal diseases
33. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(
electromagnetic radiation
nociception
infant mortality rate
axon terminal
34. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou
peripheral nervous system
lung function test
negative feedback
presynaptic neuron
35. A collection of neurons and other cells that is located within the protection of the backbone.
fulcrum
spinal cord
ecotoxicology
hard problem of consciousness
36. Tells you which type of atoms are bonded together to make up a compound or molecule - using symbols for its constituent elements. It also shows How many of each type of atom there are (e.g. the formula for carbon dioxide - CO2 - shows it has one carb
chemical formula
low vision
wind-up
cognition
37. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.
atomic nucleus
total lung capacity
hominids
trauma
38. The process of breaking down foods in the body into the molecules needed to maintain life.
metabolism
non-communicable diseases
myopia
receptor
39. A value which can be used to calculate the degree to which X-rays (or other radiation) are reduced in intensity when passing through a material (e.g. human tissue).
analgesia
ionisation
ecosystems
attenuation coefficient
40. The outer layer of the brain - also known as the 'cerebral cortex'. (
confounding factor
infant mortality rate
cortex
motor neuron
41. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the
screening
nucleus
epidemic
DNA repair protein
42. A group of steroid hormones produced mainly by the ovaries (some are also produced by fat deposits in the body) - which are responsible for promoting the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics.
oestrogens
cornea
powers of ten
craving
43. A chemical that is stored within the axon terminal of a neuron and is released in response to electrical activity within that neuron. It passes the short distance to a neighbouring cell (neuron or muscle cell) where it binds to a neurotransmitter rec
autobiographical memory
neurotransmitter
toxicology
visual disability
44. An insoluble fibrous protein that forms clots following tissue damage.
trichromacy
fibrin
retina
spectrum
45. Vital to many chemical reactions in the body. Crystals containing these form an important part of the structure of bones.
prevalence
calcium ions
microbes
epidemiology
46. The use of a spirometer to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.
cast
interneuron
spirometry
alcohol tolerant
47. A form of energy that can be described as either a wave or as a flow of 'packets' of energy. It includes gamma rays - X-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves and radio waves. The different types of radiation are distinguished by
electromagnetic radiation
developed countries
image
cardiovascular system
48. An eye care professional who makes spectacles or contact lenses and advises on suitable frames or lens choices.
tissue
epidermis
optician
LASIK
49. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t
SI Units
population screening
chemical formula
closed-angle glaucoma
50. Complex structures in the body formed from a number of different tissues - which form a distinct structure and serve a particular function - e.g. the heart - the brain - the lungs. (CS 2 & 4)
organ
alcoholic poisoning
analgesia
water-borne infectious diseases