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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A group of enzymes that degrade proteins by splitting the protein chain into smaller molecules; also called a 'protease'.






2. A visual impairment that interferes with day-to-day functions that an affected person considers to be normal.






3. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.






4. A bean-shaped tissue packed with immune system cells found at intervals along the vessels of the lymphatic system. They filter potentially harmful substances and organisms (microbes) from body fluids that drain into the lymphatic system; the filtered






5. Blood that contains a high level of oxygen and in which most of the haemoglobin has been converted into oxyhaemoglobin by bonding to oxygen.






6. An aspect of a characteristic that represents an adaptive compromise between two opposing evolutionary pressures; e.g. the human pelvis represents a compromise between being narrow - Which is necessary for running at speed - and being wide - Which is






7. A clearly stated provisional explanation for a set of observations or data - devised for the purpose of testing its validity by the collection of additional data or by conducting an experiment.






8. A reduction in the number of photons passing through a material. It is caused by both absorption and scattering.






9. Diseases in which the pathogen causing the disease lives part of its life cycle in water; e.g. cholera - cryptosporidiosis.






10. A condition in which the cornea is irregularly curved.






11. An organelle (plural: mitochondria) in the cytosol of cells where much of cellular respiration takes place (the release of usable chemical energy from molecules derived from food).






12. The ability of the brain to take information and perform informed calculations (e.g. calculating the width of a space in which to park a car).






13. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.






14. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)






15. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.






16. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou






17. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.






18. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.






19. This refers to a random effect of ionising radiation. There is no radiation threshold at which the effect inevitably occurs - but the probability of an effect occurring increases with the amount of radiation received.






20. Condition in which no colour at all can be seen.






21. Abbreviation of a eye-surgery technique where a flap is cut in the cornea and laser treatment applied beneath.






22. That part of the nervous system that is not within the central nervous system. It is made up of nerves throughout the body.






23. A small airway branching from a bronchus.






24. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.






25. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.






26. A class of natural neurotransmitters that have a similar structure and action to morphine and heroin.






27. The proportion of young - middle-aged and older people in a population. In developing countries - tends to be 'younger' than that of developed countries.






28. The process by which collagen is produced by fibroblasts following tissue damage - often resulting in scar formation.






29. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.






30. Leading global causes of visual impairment that have been identified by the WHO's Vision 2020 project as targets that can be prevented or treated. They include refractive errors and low vision - cataract - glaucoma - AMD - diabetic retinopathy and tr






31. A cell that is part of a malignant tumour; not subject to the body signals that tell normal cells when to divide or stop dividing - so they multiply in an uncontrolled way.






32. Often abbreviated to 'compound': a substance made up of two or more elements; it may be composed of molecules or ions.






33. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.






34. The type of bone (sometimes called compact) that is more dense (compared with cancellous bone) and very strong. It is found in the parts of the bone that need to withstand the largest forces.






35. The mechanisms in the nervous system underlying an automatic and unconscious reaction to a particular stimulus - i.e. a reaction that cannot be controlled by will-power.






36. Any unintended and undesirable consequences of medical treatment; also known in medicine as an adverse effect or reaction.






37. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.






38. Over time - a need for an increasing amount of drug to obtain the same level of effect - e.g. the amount of alcohol required to produce intoxication.






39. A type of chemical bond formed between a partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge on another atom. In more detail - the bond is formed by the electrical attraction occurring between the partial positive charge remainin






40. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of two electrons - one from each atom at either end of the bond.






41. An experience Which is accessible only to the person who experiences it in terms of the contents of his or her conscious mind. Such experience is not open to objective observation or measurement by any other individual and hence is contrasted with 'o






42. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.






43. A tissue that covers a surface or lines a space inside the body - forming a barrier or interface across which substances are absorbed or secreted - e.g. the skin - gut lining - and various glands.






44. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.






45. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.






46. An electrically charged atom or molecule. May be positively or negatively charged; e.g. Na+ (the positively charged sodium ion) and Cl- (the negatively charged chloride ion).






47. A medically qualified person who has chosen to specialise in clinical radiology - the use of imaging to diagnose - treat and monitor various disease processes.






48. The material outside the cells in a tissue in which the cells are embedded. It is mainly made from proteins made by and arranged by the cells.






49. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.






50. A bond between two atoms formed when an outer electron from each of the atoms is shared between them to form an electron pair bond.






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