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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A measure of the refracting power of a lens. Calculated as: 1 / focal length of the lens (in metres). The unit used is dioptres (symbol D). The power of a convex lens is positive; for a concave lens it is negative.






2. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.






3. A clearly stated provisional explanation for a set of observations or data - devised for the purpose of testing its validity by the collection of additional data or by conducting an experiment.






4. Immune system cells that circulate around the body helping to protect it from infection and some other types of disease; also known as white cells.






5. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.






6. Countries that provide universal education for their children - with populations that have high rates of literacy - comprehensive health services and which meet certain other development indicators - such as 100% access to safe drinking water and san






7. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.






8. A technique in which a person is placed in a particular psychological state and - in response to suggestions made by the hypnotist - can experience alterations in perception - memory and voluntary action.






9. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.






10. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.






11. Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds - e.g. hydrogen (H2) - water (H2O) - carbon dioxide (CO2).






12. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






13. A type of cell that is responsible for contraction in skeletal muscle tissue. They are long and thin and have many nuclei. (Also known as muscle fibre)






14. A condition in which the optic nerve becomes damaged - usually because the pressure of fluid within the eye becomes too high - leading to a progressive loss of vision.






15. A process at an interface of two media in which light is returned into the original medium without transmission or absorption.






16. The separation of waste products from the blood.






17. Cells that can divide to produce daughter cells - which can then differentiate to become any of a range of different cell types.






18. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl






19. The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eyeball that contains the visual receptor cells (rods and cones).






20. Abbreviation of a eye-surgery technique where a flap is cut in the cornea and laser treatment applied beneath.






21. An agent - such as a chemical - ultraviolet light - or a radioactive substance that can induce - or increase the frequency of - mutations in DNA.






22. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues.






23. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






24. The problem of trying to explain how the subjective feelings of consciousness arise from the physical matter of the brain.






25. An estimate of the probability of developing a particular disease or disorder in a population that has been exposed to a particular risk factor - relative to the probability of developing the condition if the risk factor was not present.






26. Often abbreviated to 'risk factors'; anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different population






27. Screening that takes place haphazardly when an opportunity arises - for example - when a patient consults a doctor about something unrelated and is referred for a screening test.






28. An experience Which is accessible only to the person who experiences it in terms of the contents of his or her conscious mind. Such experience is not open to objective observation or measurement by any other individual and hence is contrasted with 'o






29. A lens shape with a greater thickness at the centre than at each end.






30. Radiation which can cause ionisation. From the electromagnetic spectrum this includes gamma rays - X-rays and some high-energy ultraviolet radiation.






31. A system of glands (also known as ductless glands) - each of which secretes one or more hormones directly into the bloodstream. (CS 1 - 2 & 3)






32. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.






33. A medically qualified person who has chosen to specialise in clinical radiology - the use of imaging to diagnose - treat and monitor various disease processes.






34. Particulates suspended in air that are less than 10 micrometres in diameter.






35. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.






36. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.






37. A chemical that reduces microbial contamination of water - surfaces - etc.






38. Substances in which an interaction or reaction occurs - or in which an event takes place - or chemicals or objects are transported or supported - e.g. a medium through which a wave is transmitted in the refraction of light.






39. A scale from 0 to 14 describing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution - where 7 is neutral - greater than 7 is more basic (alkaline) and less than 7 is more acidic.






40. A type of chemical bond formed between a partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge on another atom. In more detail - the bond is formed by the electrical attraction occurring between the partial positive charge remainin






41. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.






42. The process by which collagen is produced by fibroblasts following tissue damage - often resulting in scar formation.






43. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.






44. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.






45. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an excitatory effect on a postsynaptic cell - e.g. it excites further action potentials in a second cell.






46. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.






47. A substance (usually liquid) in which other substances dissolve.






48. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.






49. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)






50. The effects of ionising radiation are said to be this if there is a threshold below which there is no effect - and if above that threshold - the severity depends on the amount of radiation received.