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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.
nearwork activity
spirometer
scatter plot
respiratory system
2. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.
phantom pain
priority eye diseases
adhesion
risk factor
3. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.
chemical bond
population screening
covalent bond
chronic bronchitis
4. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).
regenerative medicine
chronic bronchitis
dependence
ecosystems
5. A graft where the donor tissue comes from the same person (as opposed to an allograft where it comes from another person).
visual acuity
nucleus
autograft
SAFE
6. A small group of atoms bonded together which carry an overall electrical charge; e.g. the bicarbonate ion and the nitrate ion.
lower respiratory infection
hypnosis
polyatomic ions
metastasis
7. A chronic - irreversible disease of the lungs characterised by loss of elastic recoil and enlarged air spaces in the lungs due to destruction of the walls of the alveoli and small airways.
total lung capacity
lock-and-key interaction
emphysema
systolic blood pressure
8. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.
proxy measure
dermis
incidence
chronic pain
9. An experience Which is accessible only to the person who experiences it in terms of the contents of his or her conscious mind. Such experience is not open to objective observation or measurement by any other individual and hence is contrasted with 'o
affect
subjective experience
visual acuity
acidosis
10. The transparent gelatinous fluid within the eyeball (between the lens and the retina).
gene
homeostasis
metastasis
vitreous humour
11. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.
postsynaptic neuron
oxidation
iris
deterministic
12. A visual impairment in which the lens of the eye loses transparency and exhibits reduced light transmission.
mortality data
wet AMD
mitochondrio
cataract
13. The ability to stand - walk and run - supported only by the hind limbs.
developed countries
analgesics
bipedality
water-borne infectious diseases
14. A symptom of trachoma in which eyelashes grow inwards and scratch the conjunctiva - causing pain - scarring and eventually blindness.
motor neuron
neurogenic pain
trichiasis
synapse
15. A type of cell that can migrate into wound sites and make new extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen.
prevalence rate
fibroblast
coronary heart disease
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
16. A measure of how well a person sees - determined by the minimum distance at which two lines (or points) can be distinguished at a test distance.
fibroblast
visual acuity
deterministic
iris
17. The level of intensity of stimulation of a neuron at which it first shows activity. The term is used particularly in the context of sensory neurons.
compact bone
threshold of excitation
ligaments
mortality
18. Structures in the kidney that filter the blood and produce the urine.
tissue engineering
stochastic
spirometer
nephrons
19. The junction where a neuron influences another cell - the latter being either another neuron or a muscle cell. (
epithelial cells
synapse
dependence
gene
20. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.
alpha-1 antitrypsin
adaptive value
astigmatism
accommodation
21. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.
pupil
bacteria
diaphragm
priority eye diseases
22. Categorised into three progressive stages: fatty liver - hepatitis and cirrhosis.
placebo effect
alcoholic liver disease
rods
retina
23. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.
neuron
light ray
proteins
hyperopia
24. The total number of people who have a disease - disorder or disability at a particular point in time - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.
cognition
respiratory centres
presynaptic neuron
prevalence rate
25. Inflammation with a rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration.
immune system
acute inflammation
concave
endocrine disruptors
26. A drug that widens the airways of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles.
fracture
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
bronchodilator
classical conditioning
27. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.
veins
refraction
evolutionary trade-off
arteries
28. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.
choroid
venous return
accommodation
protons
29. Countries that provide universal education for their children - with populations that have high rates of literacy - comprehensive health services and which meet certain other development indicators - such as 100% access to safe drinking water and san
spirogram
developed countries
hyperventilate
low vision
30. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t
spirogram
wet AMD
selection pressure
hyperopia
31. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.
neutron
toxicology
respiratory centres
noxious stimuli
32. A very long macromolecule found in the cell nucleus - abbreviated to DNA. It is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics through the generations in all organisms. The genetic information is carried
deoxyribonucleic acid
true positive
craving
dependence
33. The proportion of young - middle-aged and older people in a population. In developing countries - tends to be 'younger' than that of developed countries.
hominids
population age-structures
closed-angle glaucoma
respiration
34. The skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis and provides the strength and elasticity of the skin.
metastasis
reflex
dermis
diarrhoeal diseases
35. Optimal corrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 - i.e. wearing optimal correcting lenses - the individual can distinguish letters on a test chart at 6 metres that a person with normal vision could read at 18 metres
dermis
low vision
pandemic
image
36. Any unintended and undesirable consequences of medical treatment; also known in medicine as an adverse effect or reaction.
side-effects
chronic bronchitis
stochastic
protons
37. The number of deaths in a population - either from all causes combined or from a specific cause - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) people in the population.
carboxyhaemoglobin
mortality rate
hydrogen bond
threshold of excitation
38. Also known as 'organ systems'; combinations of organs and tissues that function in a coordinated way; e.g. the circulatory system - the nervous system - the respiratory system.
body systems
stochastic
prevalence rate
tissue engineering
39. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.
carboxyhaemoglobin
refractive errors
wave-particle duality
hydrogen bond
40. A narrow beam of light used to show the direction of travel of light from a source.
light ray
alcohol tolerant
subjective experience
evolutionary trade-off
41. Complex structures in the body formed from a number of different tissues - which form a distinct structure and serve a particular function - e.g. the heart - the brain - the lungs. (CS 2 & 4)
natural selection
organ
vitreous humour
proportional mortality
42. A gradual change in about 10% of chronic heavy drinkers whereby liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.
body mass index
period
cirrhosis
disinfectant
43. The study of the relationship between the structure and the function of body systems.
physiology
traumatic injury
cellular respiration
rods
44. A form of energy that can be described as either a wave or as a flow of 'packets' of energy. It includes gamma rays - X-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves and radio waves. The different types of radiation are distinguished by
refraction
reflection
electromagnetic radiation
nerve
45. Memory for events or issues related to oneself.
autobiographical memory
spinal cord
sensory neuron
epidemic
46. The standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; it has the symbol l.
chronic condition
litre
skeletal muscle
mortality
47. Tissues that are like tendons in terms of structure but connect bones to each other (rather than bones to muscles).
body systems
greenstick fracture
ligaments
peripheral nervous system
48. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).
nearwork activity
autonomic nervous system
inspiration
opportunistic screening
49. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.
reward
spinal cord
primates
endocrine disruptors
50. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.
sievert
hypoxia
interneuron
catalyst