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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A small airway branching from a bronchus.
chronic bronchitis
pupil
chronic inflammation
bronchiole
2. Damage to the retina due to the abnormal blood flow that may develop in people with diabetes.
colour deficiency
diabetic retinopathy
disability adjusted life year
refractive errors
3. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t
proportional mortality
adaptive characteristic
metastasis
polar molecule
4. The term given to those units of measurement that scientists all over the world have agreed to use in their publications; e.g. the second (s) - the kilogram (kg) - and the metre (m).
false negative
psychogenic stimuli
SI Units
astigmatism
5. A slimy - viscous substance secreted as a protective lubricant by the cells in the lining of the nose - throat and airways. Traps microbes and particles and is swept out of the respiratory system into the throat - to be coughed out or swallowed. Also
mucus
forced expiratory volume in one second
mammals
hypothesis
6. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.
pulmonary hypertension
cones
epithelial tissue
greenstick fracture
7. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.
conditional stimulus
inflammation
alpha-1 antitrypsin
antagonist
8. A clearly stated provisional explanation for a set of observations or data - devised for the purpose of testing its validity by the collection of additional data or by conducting an experiment.
ecotoxicology
mortality data
hypothesis
myofibrils
9. An infection of the lower respiratory tract (the bronchi and lungs) - e.g. pneumonia.
glaucoma
lower respiratory infection
vacuum
principal focal point
10. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.
chemical bond
photorefractive keratectomy
gene
elastase
11. A bundle of the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. (Occasionally employed informally to refer to a bundle of axons within the central nervous system.)
nerve
homeostasis
epinephrine
toxin
12. Memory for events or issues related to oneself.
pain
convex
tendons
autobiographical memory
13. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.
polymer
adhesion
greenstick fracture
developed countries
14. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.
Schwann cells
microcalcifications
carcinoma
rods
15. A class of substances arising from outside the body - but Which bear a close similarity to naturally occurring opioids in their structure and effect; they include heroin derived from the opium poppy and morphine.
opioid
opiates
non-communicable diseases
disinfectant
16. A state in which addicts come to depend upon a drug for their 'normal' mental functioning.
dependence
wind-up
collagen
macula lutea
17. Much of the brain is divided down its midline into two halves - the left and right of this; also referred to as the 'left brain' and the 'right brain'.
cancer cell
cerebral hemisphere
psychological trauma
adaptive characteristic
18. The junction where a neuron influences another cell - the latter being either another neuron or a muscle cell. (
interneuron
synapse
chemical compound
closed fracture
19. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled at each breath when resting (abbreviated to TV).
chronic condition
tidal volume
adhesion
age-standardisation
20. A bean-shaped tissue packed with immune system cells found at intervals along the vessels of the lymphatic system. They filter potentially harmful substances and organisms (microbes) from body fluids that drain into the lymphatic system; the filtered
vasodilation
urbanisation
vacuum
lymph node
21. The study of the relationship between the structure and the function of body systems.
solvent
protons
photorefractive keratectomy
physiology
22. The type of bone that is less dense (compared with compact bone) and contains struts (trabeculae) to provide strength. It is found within the widened areas inside the ends of the bones.
endocrine system
cancellous
pulse oximetry
molecule
23. Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person (also known as 'non-infectious diseases' or 'chronic conditions' or 'long-term conditions'); they mainly develop slowly over time and persist for a long period - or are irreversible; e.g. canc
fatty liver
non-communicable diseases
diabetic retinopathy
nociceptive pain
24. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi
abstinence
atomic nucleus
brain imaging
neuron
25. A tissue made up of cells embedded in a matrix of protein fibres which includes bones - fat and tendons; they connect - support - or surround other tissues and organs.
structural formula
connective tissue
double-blind study
accommodation
26. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.
cast
respiratory centres
adaptive value
mammals
27. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.
gate theory
gene
double bond
atomic nucleus
28. Fuel derived from plant matter or animal waste - e.g. wood - straw - dried animal dung.
fovea
biomass fuel
PM10
dementia
29. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.
cones
closed fracture
true positive
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
30. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.
diffusion
epithelial cells
reward
electronvolt
31. The joining of tissues to each other that may occur abnormally during repair.
fulcrum
adhesion
excretion
transmission
32. A type of chemical bond formed between a partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge on another atom. In more detail - the bond is formed by the electrical attraction occurring between the partial positive charge remainin
affect
hydrogen bond
hypoxia
powers of ten
33. The process of reducing pain - e.g. by taking morphine.
bipedality
analgesia
cirrhosis
chemoreceptor
34. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.
cancellous
epidermis
epinephrine
chronic pain
35. Tissue that is found at joints and during bone repair. Its structure is a bit like bone without the mineral component - giving a smooth and resilient surface to the ends of bones to aid movement at joints.
arteries
neurotransmitter
equivalent dose
cartilage
36. A molecule that facilitates a reaction but Which is left unchanged at the end; catalysis refers to the action of this.
atomic nucleus
hypnosis
tissue
catalyst
37. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.
inflammation
hormone
osteoporosis
endothelial cells
38. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the
biopsy
binge drinking
incidence rate
DNA repair protein
39. The expansion of narrow blood vessels immediately beneath the skin; as they dilate they can carry more blood.
mutagen
false negative
vasodilation
musculoskeletal system
40. An organelle (plural: mitochondria) in the cytosol of cells where much of cellular respiration takes place (the release of usable chemical energy from molecules derived from food).
hydroxyl group
dependence
accommodation
mitochondrio
41. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.
proportional morbidity
force
inflammatory mediators
sweat glands
42. A graph recording breathing - Which is made with a spirometer.
gate theory
focal length
spirogram
bronchus
43. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.
body mass index
prevalence
accommodation
bacteria
44. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si
primates
post-traumatic stress disorder
hydrogen bond
tissue
45. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi
neurotransmitter
ionising radiation
high-risk screening
trichromacy
46. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.
subjective experience
double bond
inflammatory mediators
risk factor
47. A type of cell that is responsible for contraction in skeletal muscle tissue. They are long and thin and have many nuclei. (Also known as muscle fibre)
myofibre
fatty liver
erythrocyte
colour deficiency
48. Diseases involving the frequent passing of liquid faeces; they are caused by a wide variety of pathogens - including viruses - bacteria and protoctists (single-celled organisms).
vasodilation
insufficiency fracture
covalent bond
diarrhoeal diseases
49. An approach to explanation which implies two closely related things: (i) both biological and psychological sciences have central roles in the explanation - and (ii) a given phenomenon to be studied within this perspective - such as pain - has both bi
stochastic
psychobiological approach
refractive errors
compact bone
50. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou
evolutionary trade-off
mitochondrio
negative feedback
fibrosis