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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A gradual change in about 10% of chronic heavy drinkers whereby liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.
principal focal point
cirrhosis
evolutionary trade-off
centilitre
2. An eye care professional who makes spectacles or contact lenses and advises on suitable frames or lens choices.
hydrogen bond
open fracture
optician
infant mortality rate
3. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.
pyloric sphincter
Schwann cells
fibroblast
immunodeficiency
4. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short
hypnosis
primates
neutron
extinction
5. The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
tidal volume
ionic bonding
lower respiratory infection
central nervous system
6. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.
incidence rate
screening
hormone
vasodilation
7. A two-dimensional map or projection of an object.
refraction
image
fulcrum
connective tissue
8. That part of the nervous system that exerts control over the skeletal muscles and thereby over behaviour.
somatic nervous system
chronic inflammation
hyperopia
tendons
9. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.
nephrons
leukocytes
respiration
electromagnetic radiation
10. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.
tissue engineering
screening
inflammation
true negative
11. A property of the body in which a number of its important parameters are held near to constant and any deviation from their normal value triggers action that tends to restore normality. It is exemplified by the maintenance of body temperature - or of
oxidation
homeostasis
ecosystems
nerve
12. The tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs; also known as the windpipe.
analgesics
dermis
microbes
trachea
13. Number of new cases of a condition diagnosed in a population in a given period - usually one year.
cardiovascular system
arterial blood gas test
threshold of excitation
incidence
14. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).
double-blind study
disinfectant
acute inflammation
microcalcifications
15. A condition in which the cornea is irregularly curved.
epithelial cells
catalyst
blood-alcohol concentration
astigmatism
16. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.
hepatitis
spirometer
open fracture
population age-structures
17. An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience traditionally associated with actual or potential tissue damage and which normally is felt to arise in a particular location in the body. The term can also be used to refer to experiences triggered by so
pain
myopia
wave
cell
18. Substances in which an interaction or reaction occurs - or in which an event takes place - or chemicals or objects are transported or supported - e.g. a medium through which a wave is transmitted in the refraction of light.
adhesion
stochastic
arterial blood gas test
media
19. A protein that is abundant in the extracellular matrix and can form long thin fibres to provide structure to many tissues.
false negative
double-strand break
collagen
receptor
20. The behaviour of electromagnetic radiation cannot be adequately described in all situations by any one model. In some situations the wave model is appropriate - in others the particle model - which describes the radiation as photons - must be used.
osteoporosis
stress
wave-particle duality
electron
21. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.
elastase
myopia
threshold of excitation
chronic inflammation
22. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.
colour blind
population age-structures
rods
granulation tissue
23. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va
myofibrils
SAFE
trachoma
cell
24. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.
referred pain
binge drinking
fibroblast
polymer
25. Bonding Which is due to the electrical attraction of equal and opposite electrical charges and which holds the ions in salt crystals together.
toxin
hard problem of consciousness
ionic bonding
respiratory system
26. The problem of trying to explain how the subjective feelings of consciousness arise from the physical matter of the brain.
cornea
osteoclasts
atmospheric pressure
hard problem of consciousness
27. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.
protons
cones
brain imaging
placebo effect
28. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.
conjunctivitis
pupil
potential difference
inflammation
29. The part of a neuron that consists of a long wire-like projection - ending in a terminal which participates in a synapse with another cell. Action potentials are transmitted along these.
axon
potential difference
mutation
insufficiency fracture
30. Deliberately deciding never to drink alcohol.
chronic pain
wavelength
fatty liver
abstinence
31. The study of the relationship between the structure and the function of body systems.
antibiotic resistance
grays
physiology
epithelial cells
32. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.
legal blindness
arteries
extracellular matrix
primates
33. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.
levers
arteries
electronegative
hypoxia
34. A measure of how well a person sees - determined by the minimum distance at which two lines (or points) can be distinguished at a test distance.
attenuation
visual acuity
gate theory
visual disability
35. A multi-disciplinary programme of care for patients with chronic respiratory conditions - Which is tailored to the individual and combines exercise and education to address all aspects of living with the condition.
fovea
lung function test
pulmonary rehabilitation
brain imaging
36. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.
refractive errors
reflection
synapse
stroma
37. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.
gas pressure
bar chart
mammals
chemical formula
38. This term indicates alcohol's effect in inducing 'psychological short-sightedness'. Alcohol lowers the range of attention - so that immediate events take on more importance than their future consequences.
alcohol myopia
prefrontal cortex
image
pupil
39. A method of purifying water - e.g. filtering - that involves individual people treating water as they use it - rather than having purified water delivered to them from a remote water-treatment plant in pipes.
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40. The junction where a neuron influences another cell - the latter being either another neuron or a muscle cell. (
synapse
attenuation
cataract
microbes
41. The smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element. Made up of a positively charged atomic nucleus - containing protons and neutrons - surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
atom
phantom pain
presbyopia
subjective experience
42. A technique in which a person is placed in a particular psychological state and - in response to suggestions made by the hypnotist - can experience alterations in perception - memory and voluntary action.
receptor
dependence
tissue
hypnosis
43. A measure of the amount of energy from ionising radiation absorbed per kilogram of tissue. It is measured in units of grays where 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram.
positive predictive value
bond
optical power
absorbed dose
44. A system of glands (also known as ductless glands) - each of which secretes one or more hormones directly into the bloodstream. (CS 1 - 2 & 3)
focal length
millilitres
endocrine system
deoxygenated blood
45. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level
pulmonary hypertension
low vision
epidemic
deoxygenated blood
46. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.
systolic blood pressure
respiration
fracture
post-traumatic stress disorder
47. A visual impairment in which the lens of the eye loses transparency and exhibits reduced light transmission.
SAFE
cataract
catalyst
interneuron
48. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.
cirrhosis
alveolus
wave
LASIK
49. The size and direction of a push or pull.
deterministic
axon
force
myofibrils
50. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.
diaphragm
gas transfer test
millilitres
lobule