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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
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Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process of inspiring or inhaling; the drawing in of air into the lungs.
trichromacy
diffusion
inspiration
analgesics
2. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.
atomic nucleus
prefrontal cortex
biopsy
equivalent dose
3. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.
vasopressin
enzyme
psychogenic pain
tendons
4. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').
neuron
expiration
endocrine disruptors
atomic nucleus
5. A factor that strengthens a tendency to engage in a particular behaviour.
reinforcer
opiates
chronic effects
affect
6. A type of cell that can migrate into wound sites and make new extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen.
mucus
ophthalmologist
fibroblast
prevalence rate
7. An aspect of a characteristic that represents an adaptive compromise between two opposing evolutionary pressures; e.g. the human pelvis represents a compromise between being narrow - Which is necessary for running at speed - and being wide - Which is
acute inflammation
evolutionary trade-off
mortality rate
tissue engineering
8. A chronic - irreversible disease of the lungs characterised by loss of elastic recoil and enlarged air spaces in the lungs due to destruction of the walls of the alveoli and small airways.
specificity
compact bone
emphysema
stress response
9. A term that refers to the fact that the connections between neurons are not static. Rather - they are subject to change as result of activity within the neurons concerned. It can mean - over a period of time - increased sensitivity of connections bet
plasticity
oxygenated blood
bronchus
gas transfer test
10. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.
total lung capacity
protons
alpha-1 antitrypsin
disinfectant
11. A condition in which the conjunctiva is inflamed.
chemical symbol
conjunctivitis
potential difference
sievert
12. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.
partial pressure
ionisation
false negative
inhibitory synapse
13. Condition in which the full range of colours cannot be clearly distinguished.
age-standardisation
element
colour deficiency
post-traumatic stress disorder
14. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.
macula lutea
alpha-1 antitrypsin
media
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
15. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.
double bond
trichromacy
epithelial cells
population screening
16. Diseases involving the frequent passing of liquid faeces; they are caused by a wide variety of pathogens - including viruses - bacteria and protoctists (single-celled organisms).
inspiration
diarrhoeal diseases
hard problem of consciousness
placebo effect
17. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va
plasticity
postsynaptic neuron
forced vital capacity
cell
18. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.
incidence rate
peripheral nervous system
oestrogens
alveolus
19. Substances in which an interaction or reaction occurs - or in which an event takes place - or chemicals or objects are transported or supported - e.g. a medium through which a wave is transmitted in the refraction of light.
cellular respiration
media
vasodilation
deterministic
20. Optimal corrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 - i.e. wearing optimal correcting lenses - the individual can distinguish letters on a test chart at 6 metres that a person with normal vision could read at 18 metres
cartilage
gas pressure
excitatory synapse
low vision
21. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.
stress response
inhibitory synapse
hydrogen bond
proteins
22. A condition in which a person exceeds a certain threshold for the proportion of body weight that consists of fat. In most assessments based on body mass index - a BMI of greater than 30 is defined as clinically obese.
collagen
obesity
PM10
cell membrane
23. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).
referred pain
nearwork activity
diabetic retinopathy
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
24. The change of thickness of the lens of the eye so that focal length changes. This allows light from objects at different distances to be sharply focused in turn on the retina.
accommodation
effective dose
vacuum
low vision
25. The system of organs and structures in which gas exchange takes place. In mammals it consists of the airways - the lungs and the muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
inflammation
bacteria
respiratory system
cognition
26. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given
trachea
gene
receptor
presbyopia
27. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.
ligaments
sensory neuron
oxidation
particulates
28. This condition occurs when the arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle become blocked by fatty deposits known as plaques - and areas of muscle die as a result.
coronary heart disease
acute condition
vital capacity
fibrosis
29. Immune system cells that circulate around the body helping to protect it from infection and some other types of disease; also known as white cells.
low vision
urbanisation
epithelial cells
leukocytes
30. The tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs; also known as the windpipe.
addiction
refraction
neutron
trachea
31. A graphical method of showing whether two numerical variables are related to one another. They are called 'variables' because they can each have a range of possible values. Each data point represents a particular entity - such as a country - for whic
equivalent dose
chemical bond
hormone
scatter plot
32. A visual impairment that interferes with day-to-day functions that an affected person considers to be normal.
wet AMD
visual disability
relative risk
acute condition
33. A class of substances arising from outside the body - but Which bear a close similarity to naturally occurring opioids in their structure and effect; they include heroin derived from the opium poppy and morphine.
oxygenated blood
opiates
spirometry
reinforcer
34. A subunit of the scientific unit of volume - the litre. One litre can be divided into 1000 of these.
deterministic
prefrontal cortex
millilitres
mind
35. Certain kinds of activity with which the brain is engaged - i.e. the processing of information that is summarised by the term 'mind'. It is exemplified by thinking - memory - reasoning and interpreting.
fovea
infectious dose
cognition
obesity
36. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.
wet AMD
epithelial cells
xenobiotic
spectrum
37. A collection of neurons and other cells that is located within the protection of the backbone.
disinfectant
radiologist
spinal cord
structural formula
38. Countries that are only partly industrialised and where national wealth is below that of the developed economies (also known as low- and middle-income countries). They rely to a much greater degree than developed countries on subsistence farming - sm
developing countries
nerve
presynaptic neuron
wavelength
39. A form of energy that can be described as either a wave or as a flow of 'packets' of energy. It includes gamma rays - X-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves and radio waves. The different types of radiation are distinguished by
electromagnetic radiation
lung function test
alpha-1 antitrypsin
lock-and-key interaction
40. A process at an interface of two media in which light is returned into the original medium without transmission or absorption.
ionic bonding
organ
reflection
mind
41. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.
oxyhaemoglobin
craving
lens
hypovolaemic shock
42. Structures in the kidney that filter the blood and produce the urine.
negative predictive value
nephrons
capillaries
tissue engineering
43. That part of the nervous system that is not within the central nervous system. It is made up of nerves throughout the body.
erythrocyte
peripheral nervous system
amygdale
laser
44. The experience of being in an unpleasant situation - over a period of days - weeks or longer - in which one is unable to exert control over circumstances which are not of one's choosing. The coping resources necessary to meet the demands of this unpl
neurotransmitter
deterministic
disease risk factors
stress
45. The number of individual pathogens required to cause disease in an infected person; the number varies from one infectious disease to another.
infectious dose
vasopressin
period
chemical formula
46. The effects of ionising radiation are said to be this if there is a threshold below which there is no effect - and if above that threshold - the severity depends on the amount of radiation received.
wave
deterministic
osteoporosis
analgesics
47. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.
mammals
myopia
pupil
emphysema
48. The term given to those units of measurement that scientists all over the world have agreed to use in their publications; e.g. the second (s) - the kilogram (kg) - and the metre (m).
extracellular matrix
SI Units
ecosystems
primates
49. A physiological reaction occurring in the body - triggered by the perception of aversive or threatening situations.
Schwann cells
stress response
disability adjusted life year
acute condition
50. Abbreviation of a eye-surgery technique where a flap is cut in the cornea and laser treatment applied beneath.
selection pressure
LASIK
spinal cord
tendons
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