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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A technique in which a person is placed in a particular psychological state and - in response to suggestions made by the hypnotist - can experience alterations in perception - memory and voluntary action.






2. A slimy - viscous substance secreted as a protective lubricant by the cells in the lining of the nose - throat and airways. Traps microbes and particles and is swept out of the respiratory system into the throat - to be coughed out or swallowed. Also






3. A drug that acts to reduce the signs of inflammation - e.g. swelling - redness - heat and pain.






4. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t






5. A) Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged. b) An organelle containing the genetic material - found in most animal and plant cells.






6. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.






7. Diseases or disorders that develop as a result of the interaction over time of a combination of different risk factors - none of which on its own would be likely to cause the disease. These may include the inheritance of certain gene mutations from a






8. This term indicates alcohol's effect in inducing 'psychological short-sightedness'. Alcohol lowers the range of attention - so that immediate events take on more importance than their future consequences.






9. Microscopic organisms (bacteria - fungi and protoctists) - together with viruses - whether pathogenic (disease-causing) or harmless; also known as microorganisms.






10. An electrically charged atom or molecule. May be positively or negatively charged; e.g. Na+ (the positively charged sodium ion) and Cl- (the negatively charged chloride ion).






11. Visual defects caused by imperfections in the cornea and/or lens of the eye.






12. A protein that is abundant in the extracellular matrix and can form long thin fibres to provide structure to many tissues.






13. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.






14. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va






15. Bonding Which is due to the electrical attraction of equal and opposite electrical charges and which holds the ions in salt crystals together.






16. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.






17. A cell that is part of a malignant tumour; not subject to the body signals that tell normal cells when to divide or stop dividing - so they multiply in an uncontrolled way.






18. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl






19. Disease - disorder or traumatic injury characterised by rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration - From which the patient either recovers quickly or dies (CS 1 & 6). Some chronic (long-term) conditions can have acute episodes - e.g. exacerbat






20. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.






21. The system of muscles and bones and their various joints and linkages that facilitates support and movement in the body.






22. The ability of bacteria which have acquired a resistance gene to survive the action of an antibiotic drug that kills antibiotic-sensitive bacteria from the same strain.






23. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.






24. Number of new cases of a condition diagnosed in a population in a given period - usually one year.






25. Countries that are only partly industrialised and where national wealth is below that of the developed economies (also known as low- and middle-income countries). They rely to a much greater degree than developed countries on subsistence farming - sm






26. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.






27. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.






28. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)






29. A protein produced in the liver that circulates around the body and blocks the destructive effects of certain proteinase enzymes such as elastase.






30. For a screening procedure such as mammography - this value is the number of true negative results expressed as a percentage of the total number of negative results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person






31. Structures in the kidney that filter the blood and produce the urine.






32. A physiological reaction occurring in the body - triggered by the perception of aversive or threatening situations.






33. A type of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in which new blood vessels form in an attempt to restore the blood supply to the retina. The new vessels are fragile - and may leak blood into the eye.






34. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.






35. Damage to the retina due to the abnormal blood flow that may develop in people with diabetes.






36. A substance composed of positively and negatively charged ions - held together by the electrical attraction between opposite charges. Salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) - in which the ions are organised in a regular crystal lattice - are this.






37. A volume in which there are no atoms or molecules.






38. Disease or disorder that often has a gradual onset - involves slowly changing symptoms and lasts for a long time.






39. Tissue in the centre of some large bones that contains cells (including stem cells) which are responsible for the production of white cells - red blood cells and a variety of other cells.






40. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou






41. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.






42. Microbes that cause disease.






43. Industrial chemicals - commonly found as environmental pollutants - that disrupt the hormonal systems of animals - including humans.






44. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






45. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.






46. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.






47. Leading global causes of visual impairment that have been identified by the WHO's Vision 2020 project as targets that can be prevented or treated. They include refractive errors and low vision - cataract - glaucoma - AMD - diabetic retinopathy and tr






48. The standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; it has the symbol l.






49. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)






50. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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