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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






2. Cells that can divide to produce daughter cells - which can then differentiate to become any of a range of different cell types.






3. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.






4. Any fracture where the skin has not been broken.






5. The proportion of young - middle-aged and older people in a population. In developing countries - tends to be 'younger' than that of developed countries.






6. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.






7. The type of bone that is less dense (compared with compact bone) and contains struts (trabeculae) to provide strength. It is found within the widened areas inside the ends of the bones.






8. The total number of people who have a disease - disorder or disability at a particular point in time - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






9. The skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis and provides the strength and elasticity of the skin.






10. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






11. A graphical method of showing whether two numerical variables are related to one another. They are called 'variables' because they can each have a range of possible values. Each data point represents a particular entity - such as a country - for whic






12. A factor that strengthens a tendency to engage in a particular behaviour.






13. The pivot point about which a lever rotates.






14. Number of new cases of a condition diagnosed in a population in a given period - usually one year.






15. Pain that arises from damage to neurons either within the central nervous system or in the periphery of the body.






16. A subunit of the scientific unit of volume - the litre. One litre can be divided into 1000 of these.






17. A disorder of the fetus or infant caused by excessive maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy.






18. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.






19. The outer layer of the brain - also known as the 'cerebral cortex'. (






20. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a body - or a quantity of liquid - by 1 A






21. A) Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged. b) An organelle containing the genetic material - found in most animal and plant cells.






22. A study in which the participants do not know into which group they have been allocated - e.g. whether they have received a drug or a placebo.






23. A tissue made up of cells embedded in a matrix of protein fibres which includes bones - fat and tendons; they connect - support - or surround other tissues and organs.






24. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.






25. A property of the body in which a number of its important parameters are held near to constant and any deviation from their normal value triggers action that tends to restore normality. It is exemplified by the maintenance of body temperature - or of






26. A narrow beam of light used to show the direction of travel of light from a source.






27. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.






28. The process of urban development - i.e. of towns and cities - and the movement of an increasing proportion of a country's population from rural to urban environments.






29. The type of bone (sometimes called compact) that is more dense (compared with cancellous bone) and very strong. It is found in the parts of the bone that need to withstand the largest forces.






30. An alternative way of modelling the energy from an electromagnetic wave; small packets of energy and the energy of each depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.






31. A test that measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in a sample of blood from an artery - e.g. in the wrist. Used to evaluate the efficiency of gas exchange between the blood and the lungs.






32. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.






33. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.






34. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.






35. Often abbreviated to 'compound': a substance made up of two or more elements; it may be composed of molecules or ions.






36. Memory for events or issues related to oneself.






37. Optimal corrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 - i.e. wearing optimal correcting lenses - the individual can distinguish letters on a test chart at 6 metres that a person with normal vision could read at 18 metres






38. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.






39. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






40. Qualified to employ a range of equipment such as X-rays - MRI scanners - etc. to produce images to diagnose an injury or disease. They will then have undergone further specialist training in mammography. (Two types - diagnostic and therapeutic; the l






41. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver






42. A state in which addicts come to depend upon a drug for their 'normal' mental functioning.






43. The transparent gelatinous fluid within the eyeball (between the lens and the retina).






44. A qualified doctor who has specialised in the diagnosis and treatment of eye conditions - and who can perform eye surgery.






45. A technique where people learn to change their thought patterns and behaviour to create feelings of coping and self-efficacy; e.g. people in chronic pain might be taught to place a less catastrophic interpretation on their pain.






46. Disease or disorder that often has a gradual onset - involves slowly changing symptoms and lasts for a long time.






47. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.






48. Vital to many chemical reactions in the body. Crystals containing these form an important part of the structure of bones.






49. A type of cell that is responsible for contraction in skeletal muscle tissue. They are long and thin and have many nuclei. (Also known as muscle fibre)






50. A class of neuron that detects the presence of stimuli in the world - such as tactile events - heat - cold or tissue damage.