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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).






2. A class of natural neurotransmitters that have a similar structure and action to morphine and heroin.






3. Deliberately deciding never to drink alcohol.






4. The number of new cases in a given period - usually a year - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population






5. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.






6. An intense conscious occupation with thoughts of the object of an addiction.






7. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil






8. Each element has been assigned one of these - often the first letter - or two of the first letters of the name; for example - H stands for hydrogen - C for carbon - N for nitrogen - Ca for calcium and O for oxygen.






9. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.






10. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.






11. A region of cortex at the front of the brain - where the activity of neurons is associated with voluntary control of behaviour (self-control) and restraint. Biological evidence suggests that mild to moderate doses of alcohol selectively depress the a






12. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.






13. A measure of the amount of energy from ionising radiation absorbed per kilogram of tissue. It is measured in units of grays where 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram.






14. A class of neurons that convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles.






15. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.






16. A narrow beam of light used to show the direction of travel of light from a source.






17. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






18. A very long macromolecule found in the cell nucleus - abbreviated to DNA. It is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics through the generations in all organisms. The genetic information is carried






19. The curved transparent layer that covers the front part of the eye. This (together with the lens) refracts light to form of an image on the retina - as well as protecting the eye from frontal damage.






20. The unit used to measure equivalent dose and effective dose (Sv).






21. Stimuli that are associated with actual or potential damage to body tissues.






22. Countries that provide universal education for their children - with populations that have high rates of literacy - comprehensive health services and which meet certain other development indicators - such as 100% access to safe drinking water and san






23. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.






24. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the






25. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






26. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.






27. The experience of being in an unpleasant situation - over a period of days - weeks or longer - in which one is unable to exert control over circumstances which are not of one's choosing. The coping resources necessary to meet the demands of this unpl






28. A form of energy that can be described as either a wave or as a flow of 'packets' of energy. It includes gamma rays - X-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves and radio waves. The different types of radiation are distinguished by






29. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.






30. Matter formed from saliva mixed with mucus and any foreign material such as dust - Which is coughed up (expectorated) from the lower respiratory tract and usually ejected from the mouth.






31. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.






32. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver






33. A measure of the refracting power of a lens. Calculated as: 1 / focal length of the lens (in metres). The unit used is dioptres (symbol D). The power of a convex lens is positive; for a concave lens it is negative.






34. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.






35. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.






36. The eye chart used to determine how well a person can see at various distances. Named after a 19th-century Dutch ophthalmologist Hermann Snellen (1834-1908) who devised a test for visual acuity.






37. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - and who actually does not have the disease.






38. The new tissue formed as a wound repairs - containing tiny new blood vessels that give it a grainy appearance.






39. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.






40. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)






41. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.






42. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.






43. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi






44. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level






45. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.






46. A slimy - viscous substance secreted as a protective lubricant by the cells in the lining of the nose - throat and airways. Traps microbes and particles and is swept out of the respiratory system into the throat - to be coughed out or swallowed. Also






47. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.






48. A change in the sequences of bases in the DNA of an organism - resulting in an alteration in the manufacture or function of a body protein. Also refers to the process by which such a change in DNA sequence occurs due to the action of a mutagen - e.g.






49. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.






50. The joining of tissues to each other that may occur abnormally during repair.