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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.






2. The number of deaths in a population - either from all causes combined or from a specific cause - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) people in the population.






3. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)






4. The blood pressure that is detected between heart contractions (lower than the systolic blood pressure).






5. The movement of atoms or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration - until the concentration is the same throughout the available volume. Atoms and small molecules can also move across a permeable cell membran






6. A substance composed of positively and negatively charged ions - held together by the electrical attraction between opposite charges. Salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) - in which the ions are organised in a regular crystal lattice - are this.






7. Pain that arises from tissue damage in one part of the body - but Which is felt to be arising in a different part of the body. It is said to be 'referred to' a part that is not damaged.






8. A measure of the real impact of a particular disease - disorder or disability on people's lives (DALY) - combining an estimate of the number of years lived with a reduced quality of life - taking into account the severity of the condition (every cond






9. Also known as 'organ systems'; combinations of organs and tissues that function in a coordinated way; e.g. the circulatory system - the nervous system - the respiratory system.






10. The spread of malignant - cancerous cells to other parts of the body by way of the blood or lymph vessels.






11. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the






12. The most common type of glaucoma - caused by a partial blockage of trabeculae - which reduces the rate at which the aqueous fluid can drain away from the eye and thus leads to a build up of intraocular pressure.






13. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of two electrons - one from each atom at either end of the bond.






14. The term given to those units of measurement that scientists all over the world have agreed to use in their publications; e.g. the second (s) - the kilogram (kg) - and the metre (m).






15. Fuel derived from plant matter or animal waste - e.g. wood - straw - dried animal dung.






16. The number of individual pathogens required to cause disease in an infected person; the number varies from one infectious disease to another.






17. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






18. A group of enzymes that degrade proteins by splitting the protein chain into smaller molecules; also called a 'protease'.






19. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - and who actually does not have the disease.






20. Pain that arises from damage to neurons either within the central nervous system or in the periphery of the body.






21. Cells that can divide to produce daughter cells - which can then differentiate to become any of a range of different cell types.






22. A molecule that has both negatively and positively charged regions.






23. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t






24. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.






25. The system of muscles and bones and their various joints and linkages that facilitates support and movement in the body.






26. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).






27. An alternative way of modelling the energy from an electromagnetic wave; small packets of energy and the energy of each depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.






28. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






29. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.






30. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.






31. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)






32. Leading global causes of visual impairment that have been identified by the WHO's Vision 2020 project as targets that can be prevented or treated. They include refractive errors and low vision - cataract - glaucoma - AMD - diabetic retinopathy and tr






33. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.






34. The standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; it has the symbol l.






35. Each element has been assigned one of these - often the first letter - or two of the first letters of the name; for example - H stands for hydrogen - C for carbon - N for nitrogen - Ca for calcium and O for oxygen.






36. The pivot point about which a lever rotates.






37. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






38. Often abbreviated to 'risk factors'; anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different population






39. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ






40. A response to a stimulus or substance (such as alcohol) which occurs rapidly and produces severe - possibly life-threatening - symptoms.






41. A subdivision of a rounded mass of tissue. For example - in the breast - this is used to describe an individual branched subsection of the mammary gland.






42. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.






43. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.






44. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.






45. A condition in which the cornea is irregularly curved.






46. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi






47. A property of the body in which a number of its important parameters are held near to constant and any deviation from their normal value triggers action that tends to restore normality. It is exemplified by the maintenance of body temperature - or of






48. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.






49. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.






50. A) A process in which the photon energy is captured by a medium - without transmission or reflection. b) The process by which the molecules released from digested food pass through the wall of the gut and into the surrounding blood vessels.







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