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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A hormone secreted by the suprarenal gland (formerly the adrenal gland) upon stimulation by the central nervous system in response to stress - anger - fear or exertion. It has many effects on the body - e.g. increasing heart rate and output. Also kno






2. A) Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged. b) An organelle containing the genetic material - found in most animal and plant cells.






3. The flow of blood back to the heart in the veins.






4. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.






5. A complex molecule composed of smaller molecules (globin and haem) and iron atoms. It is a component of erythrocytes and its function is to bind reversibly to oxygen.






6. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.






7. A sudden change in potential difference (voltage) across the cell membrane of neurons - consisting of an increase in the resting potential and a sudden return to the resting value. Transmitted along axons and constitute the principal 'language' of co






8. A single point on the optical axis of a lens onto which all light rays parallel to that axis are directed.






9. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. It consists only of the atoms characteristic - e.g. hydrogen (H) - oxygen (O) - nitrogen (N) - sodium (Na) - chlorine (Cl) - mercury (Hg). There are 92 naturally oc






10. The cells associated with peripheral neurons that wrap themselves around the axons.






11. A shell - typically made from plaster or fibreglass - which can be put around a limb in order to encase and support a broken bone until it has healed.






12. Qualified to employ a range of equipment such as X-rays - MRI scanners - etc. to produce images to diagnose an injury or disease. They will then have undergone further specialist training in mammography. (Two types - diagnostic and therapeutic; the l






13. A bean-shaped tissue packed with immune system cells found at intervals along the vessels of the lymphatic system. They filter potentially harmful substances and organisms (microbes) from body fluids that drain into the lymphatic system; the filtered






14. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.






15. The tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs; also known as the windpipe.






16. Much of the brain is divided down its midline into two halves - the left and right of this; also referred to as the 'left brain' and the 'right brain'.






17. Tissues that are like tendons in terms of structure but connect bones to each other (rather than bones to muscles).






18. The yellow central area of the retina containing the fovea.






19. A narrow beam of light used to show the direction of travel of light from a source.






20. An experience Which is accessible only to the person who experiences it in terms of the contents of his or her conscious mind. Such experience is not open to objective observation or measurement by any other individual and hence is contrasted with 'o






21. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it






22. A measure of the amount of energy from ionising radiation absorbed per kilogram of tissue. It is measured in units of grays where 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram.






23. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - but who actually has the disease.






24. The cells that produce new bone.






25. A substance (usually liquid) in which other substances dissolve.






26. The number of photons passing through a given area per second.






27. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.






28. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.






29. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t






30. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.






31. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.






32. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.






33. The tissue that forms following healing - Which is not the same in structure as the original tissue.






34. The size and direction of a push or pull.






35. Characteristic signs that follow the termination of taking a drug - most usually associated with a negative mood. There can also be characteristic physiological signs associated with particular drugs - e.g. sweating and shivering.






36. Gradual changes that occur slowly over time and may be irreversible - often in response to repeated exposure to a stimulus or toxic substance (e.g. alcohol).






37. The process of inspiring or inhaling; the drawing in of air into the lungs.






38. The standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; it has the symbol l.






39. An eye care professional who makes spectacles or contact lenses and advises on suitable frames or lens choices.






40. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - and who actually does not have the disease.






41. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.






42. The total amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs - abbreviated to FVC.






43. A decreasing ability of the lens of the eye to accommodate - often associated with increasing age.






44. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






45. A condition in which the optic nerve becomes damaged - usually because the pressure of fluid within the eye becomes too high - leading to a progressive loss of vision.






46. Disease or disorder that often has a gradual onset - involves slowly changing symptoms and lasts for a long time.






47. Pain that arises from tissue damage in one part of the body - but Which is felt to be arising in a different part of the body. It is said to be 'referred to' a part that is not damaged.






48. The transparent gelatinous fluid within the eyeball (between the lens and the retina).






49. The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.






50. Persistent inflammation over long periods of time that occurs when the tissues are unable to overcome the effects of an injurious agent.