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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - but who actually has the disease.






2. Any unintended and undesirable consequences of medical treatment; also known in medicine as an adverse effect or reaction.






3. Brain region involved in processing memories and emotional reactions.






4. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)






5. The number of photons passing through a given area per second.






6. Categorised into three progressive stages: fatty liver - hepatitis and cirrhosis.






7. An inflammation of the liver which can vary in severity.






8. The pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere at a particular location as a result of the mass of the column of air above it. At sea level - it is 760 mmHg or 101.325 kPa.






9. A type of cell that is responsible for contraction in skeletal muscle tissue. They are long and thin and have many nuclei. (Also known as muscle fibre)






10. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the






11. The type of blood cell that transports oxygen; also known as a red blood cell.






12. Persistent inflammation over long periods of time that occurs when the tissues are unable to overcome the effects of an injurious agent.






13. Disease or disorder that often has a gradual onset - involves slowly changing symptoms and lasts for a long time.






14. Certain kinds of activity with which the brain is engaged - i.e. the processing of information that is summarised by the term 'mind'. It is exemplified by thinking - memory - reasoning and interpreting.






15. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organism which takes into account the sensitivity to radiation of different organs in the body. Multiplied by a tissue weighting factor for that organ. Then the amounts for all the affected organs are






16. The use of a spirometer to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.






17. A chemical that reduces microbial contamination of water - surfaces - etc.






18. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (






19. A tissue made up of cells embedded in a matrix of protein fibres which includes bones - fat and tendons; they connect - support - or surround other tissues and organs.






20. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the






21. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.






22. A condition in which the optic nerve becomes damaged - usually because the pressure of fluid within the eye becomes too high - leading to a progressive loss of vision.






23. Blood that contains very little oxygen.






24. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va






25. A term that refers to the fact that the connections between neurons are not static. Rather - they are subject to change as result of activity within the neurons concerned. It can mean - over a period of time - increased sensitivity of connections bet






26. A graph recording breathing - Which is made with a spirometer.






27. Colours on opposite sides of the colour circle.






28. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






29. The smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element. Made up of a positively charged atomic nucleus - containing protons and neutrons - surrounded by negatively charged electrons.






30. A type of cell that can migrate into wound sites and make new extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen.






31. Refers to an infectious disease that can be transmitted by physical contact.






32. A decreasing ability of the lens of the eye to accommodate - often associated with increasing age.






33. The outer layer of the brain - also known as the 'cerebral cortex'. (






34. A small airway branching from a bronchus.






35. The concentration of ethanol in blood given in mg per 100 ml.






36. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.






37. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - but who actually does not have the disease.






38. Immobilisation of a broken bone using something rigid.






39. A subunit of the scientific unit of volume - the litre. One litre can be divided into 1000 of these.






40. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






41. To breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal.






42. A method for determining the efficiency of gas transfer between the lungs and the pulmonary blood capillaries.






43. A group of steroid hormones produced mainly by the ovaries (some are also produced by fat deposits in the body) - which are responsible for promoting the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics.






44. A response to a stimulus or substance (such as alcohol) which occurs rapidly and produces severe - possibly life-threatening - symptoms.






45. Disease - disorder or traumatic injury characterised by rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration - From which the patient either recovers quickly or dies (CS 1 & 6). Some chronic (long-term) conditions can have acute episodes - e.g. exacerbat






46. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.






47. The process of urban development - i.e. of towns and cities - and the movement of an increasing proportion of a country's population from rural to urban environments.






48. Complex structures in the body formed from a number of different tissues - which form a distinct structure and serve a particular function - e.g. the heart - the brain - the lungs. (CS 2 & 4)






49. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.






50. Injury causing physical damage to the body.







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