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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)






2. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.






3. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled at each breath when resting (abbreviated to TV).






4. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.






5. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.






6. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.






7. The share of all deaths in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






8. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.






9. The blood pressure that is detected between heart contractions (lower than the systolic blood pressure).






10. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it






11. A physiological reaction occurring in the body - triggered by the perception of aversive or threatening situations.






12. Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds - e.g. hydrogen (H2) - water (H2O) - carbon dioxide (CO2).






13. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).






14. The curved transparent layer that covers the front part of the eye. This (together with the lens) refracts light to form of an image on the retina - as well as protecting the eye from frontal damage.






15. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - but who actually does not have the disease.






16. A non-invasive method of measuring the level of oxygenation of the blood by using light absorption to calculate the relative levels of haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin.






17. Condition in which the full range of colours cannot be clearly distinguished.






18. A protein produced by a living organism that functions as a catalyst. It facilitates other molecules entering into chemical reactions with one another - but is itself unaffected by these reactions.






19. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).






20. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.






21. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (






22. A type of cell that can migrate into wound sites and make new extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen.






23. Substances that have the effect of reducing pain.






24. Abbreviation of a eye-surgery technique where a flap is cut in the cornea and laser treatment applied beneath.






25. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.






26. The cultivation of land for the purpose of crop production and/or the rearing of livestock - primarily for food - but also to provide materials - e.g. for fuel - clothing and shelter.






27. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






28. The number of photons passing through a given area per second.






29. An infection of the lower respiratory tract (the bronchi and lungs) - e.g. pneumonia.






30. The type of muscle tissue that is responsible for moving parts of the musculoskeletal system.






31. The cells associated with peripheral neurons that wrap themselves around the axons.






32. An agent - such as a chemical - ultraviolet light - or a radioactive substance that can induce - or increase the frequency of - mutations in DNA.






33. An eye care professional who makes spectacles or contact lenses and advises on suitable frames or lens choices.






34. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').






35. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.






36. The process of urban development - i.e. of towns and cities - and the movement of an increasing proportion of a country's population from rural to urban environments.






37. A measure of the refracting power of a lens. Calculated as: 1 / focal length of the lens (in metres). The unit used is dioptres (symbol D). The power of a convex lens is positive; for a concave lens it is negative.






38. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organism which takes into account the sensitivity to radiation of different organs in the body. Multiplied by a tissue weighting factor for that organ. Then the amounts for all the affected organs are






39. A region of cortex at the front of the brain - where the activity of neurons is associated with voluntary control of behaviour (self-control) and restraint. Biological evidence suggests that mild to moderate doses of alcohol selectively depress the a






40. A disorder of the fetus or infant caused by excessive maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy.






41. A two-dimensional map or projection of an object.






42. The effects of ionising radiation are said to be this if there is a threshold below which there is no effect - and if above that threshold - the severity depends on the amount of radiation received.






43. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.






44. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.






45. Microscopic organisms (bacteria - fungi and protoctists) - together with viruses - whether pathogenic (disease-causing) or harmless; also known as microorganisms.






46. The system of organs and structures in which gas exchange takes place. In mammals it consists of the airways - the lungs and the muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.






47. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.






48. The movement of atoms or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration - until the concentration is the same throughout the available volume. Atoms and small molecules can also move across a permeable cell membran






49. Death.






50. Disease or disorder that often has a gradual onset - involves slowly changing symptoms and lasts for a long time.