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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The entire range or extent of some quantity - arranged in order; e.g. electromagnetic or visible light.






2. A class of neuron that detects the presence of stimuli in the world - such as tactile events - heat - cold or tissue damage.






3. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.






4. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.






5. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl






6. Vital to many chemical reactions in the body. Crystals containing these form an important part of the structure of bones.






7. Qualified to employ a range of equipment such as X-rays - MRI scanners - etc. to produce images to diagnose an injury or disease. They will then have undergone further specialist training in mammography. (Two types - diagnostic and therapeutic; the l






8. Microbes that cause disease.






9. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






10. A group of enzymes that degrade proteins by splitting the protein chain into smaller molecules; also called a 'protease'.






11. This condition occurs when the arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle become blocked by fatty deposits known as plaques - and areas of muscle die as a result.






12. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.






13. A class of neurons that convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles.






14. Radiation which can cause ionisation. From the electromagnetic spectrum this includes gamma rays - X-rays and some high-energy ultraviolet radiation.






15. A symptom of trachoma in which eyelashes grow inwards and scratch the conjunctiva - causing pain - scarring and eventually blindness.






16. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi






17. The pivot point about which a lever rotates.






18. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.






19. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.






20. The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.






21. An atom of hydrogen and an atom of oxygen bonded together - Which is bonded to an organic molecule; can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules.






22. A) A process in which the photon energy is captured by a medium - without transmission or reflection. b) The process by which the molecules released from digested food pass through the wall of the gut and into the surrounding blood vessels.






23. A measure of the real impact of a particular disease - disorder or disability on people's lives (DALY) - combining an estimate of the number of years lived with a reduced quality of life - taking into account the severity of the condition (every cond






24. Leading global causes of visual impairment that have been identified by the WHO's Vision 2020 project as targets that can be prevented or treated. They include refractive errors and low vision - cataract - glaucoma - AMD - diabetic retinopathy and tr






25. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.






26. A small airway branching from a bronchus.






27. A non-invasive method of measuring the level of oxygenation of the blood by using light absorption to calculate the relative levels of haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin.






28. The system of organs and structures in which gas exchange takes place. In mammals it consists of the airways - the lungs and the muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.






29. A graph recording breathing - Which is made with a spirometer.






30. A process at an interface of two media in which the direction of light is deviated within the new medium.






31. The proportion of young - middle-aged and older people in a population. In developing countries - tends to be 'younger' than that of developed countries.






32. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.






33. Injury causing physical damage to the body.






34. Categorised into three progressive stages: fatty liver - hepatitis and cirrhosis.






35. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).






36. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.






37. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






38. A fracture that occurs because the bone has been weakened through osteoporosis.






39. Molecules or proteins released by immune system cells in the region of an injury - infection or other damage to the tissues. They have several effects including dilation (widening) of blood vessels to increase blood supply to the region. They also at






40. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.






41. A visual impairment that interferes with day-to-day functions that an affected person considers to be normal.






42. A change in the sequences of bases in the DNA of an organism - resulting in an alteration in the manufacture or function of a body protein. Also refers to the process by which such a change in DNA sequence occurs due to the action of a mutagen - e.g.






43. The number of deaths in a population - either from all causes combined or from a specific cause - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) people in the population.






44. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.






45. Negatively charged particle of almost no mass that surround the nucleus of an atom.






46. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.






47. A subunit of the litre - the standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; there are 100 of these in a litre.






48. Microscopic organisms (bacteria - fungi and protoctists) - together with viruses - whether pathogenic (disease-causing) or harmless; also known as microorganisms.






49. A therapeutic technique where low-level stimulation is given to the skin and which has the effect of reducing pain (abbreviated to TENS).






50. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.