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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
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Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.
trichiasis
neurogenic pain
chronic pain
alcohol myopia
2. A drug that acts to reduce the signs of inflammation - e.g. swelling - redness - heat and pain.
closed fracture
hyperventilate
anti-inflammatory
age-related macular degeneration
3. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.
ecotoxicology
biopsy
double-strand break
abstinence
4. A process at an interface of two media in which the direction of light is deviated within the new medium.
autograft
subjective experience
bond length
refraction
5. The time between one peak of a wave and the next .
pulmonary hypertension
electromagnetic radiation
postsynaptic neuron
period
6. A narrow beam of light used to show the direction of travel of light from a source.
attenuation
light ray
closed-angle glaucoma
skeletal muscle
7. A thick ring of muscle that controls pupil size - thereby regulating the amount of light that enters the eye. It forms the coloured portion of the eye.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
iris
microbes
covalent bond
8. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.
bronchus
bacteria
heat capacity
proxy measure
9. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - but who actually does not have the disease.
false positive
trichiasis
emphysema
tendons
10. A bond between two atoms formed when an outer electron from each of the atoms is shared between them to form an electron pair bond.
duct
body mass index
physiology
covalent bond
11. A chemical reaction involving the addition of oxygen.
tolerance
oxidation
brain imaging
osteoporosis
12. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.
double bond
insufficiency fracture
toxicology
cell
13. A global strategy to combat trachoma - involving eyelid surgery - antibiotic treatment - attention to facial cleanliness and environmental changes.
total lung capacity
photon
complementary colours
SAFE
14. An agent - such as a chemical - ultraviolet light - or a radioactive substance that can induce - or increase the frequency of - mutations in DNA.
osteoporosis
mutagen
visual acuity
inhibitory synapse
15. The total amount of air that can be taken in to the lungs during a maximum inspiration - or expelled during a maximal expiration. (Abbreviated to VC)
vital capacity
receptor
total lung capacity
pathogens
16. The total number of people who have a disease - disorder or disability at a particular point in time - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.
microcalcifications
bronchiole
prevalence rate
polymer
17. An alternative way of modelling the energy from an electromagnetic wave; small packets of energy and the energy of each depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.
photon
ionising radiation
cataract
acute effects
18. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.
chemoreceptor
acute effects
forced expiratory volume in one second
pulmonary hypertension
19. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.
metastasis
chronic condition
inhibitory synapse
hydroxyl group
20. A chronic - irreversible disease of the lungs characterised by loss of elastic recoil and enlarged air spaces in the lungs due to destruction of the walls of the alveoli and small airways.
population screening
emphysema
autobiographical memory
receptor
21. A brain region with an essential role in the storage and retrieval of memories.
selection pressure
primates
hominids
hippocampus
22. The change of thickness of the lens of the eye so that focal length changes. This allows light from objects at different distances to be sharply focused in turn on the retina.
mammals
hydroxyl group
compact bone
accommodation
23. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.
lymph node
infant mortality rate
selection pressure
natural selection
24. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.
conditional stimulus
forced expiratory volume in one second
true positive
blind study
25. A symptom of trachoma in which eyelashes grow inwards and scratch the conjunctiva - causing pain - scarring and eventually blindness.
somatic nervous system
deoxyribonucleic acid
pH scale
trichiasis
26. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.
epidermis
presynaptic neuron
gas transfer test
endocrine system
27. X-ray imaging of the breast.
mortality data
psychogenic pain
mammography
opioid
28. Fuel derived from plant matter or animal waste - e.g. wood - straw - dried animal dung.
acidosis
biomass fuel
rods
pandemic
29. The outer layer of the brain - also known as the 'cerebral cortex'. (
excitatory synapse
lock-and-key interaction
cortex
osteoblasts
30. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.
ligaments
presbyopia
alcoholic poisoning
coronary heart disease
31. A physiological reaction occurring in the body - triggered by the perception of aversive or threatening situations.
stress response
tolerance
atom
iris
32. The study of the fate of chemical contaminants in the natural environment and their effects on plants - animals and ecosystems.
legal blindness
pulmonary hypertension
biopsy
ecotoxicology
33. An infection of the lower respiratory tract (the bronchi and lungs) - e.g. pneumonia.
electronegative
greenstick fracture
neurotransmitter
lower respiratory infection
34. A constantly repeating variation of some quantity that transfers energy from one position in a medium to another.
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
protons
evolutionary trade-off
wave
35. A protein that is abundant in the extracellular matrix and can form long thin fibres to provide structure to many tissues.
high-risk screening
lobule
collagen
peripheral nervous system
36. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.
dry AMD
non-communicable diseases
vasopressin
information processing
37. Brain region involved in processing memories and emotional reactions.
amygdale
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
obesity
musculoskeletal system
38. A) A transparent and flexible convex structure behind the iris that (together with the cornea) refracts light. b) A transparent object - usually made of glass or plastic - that refracts light. Found in spectacles - magnifying glasses and microscopes.
lens
myofibre
multifactorial disease
mortality
39. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.
alveolus
nucleus
atomic nucleus
ionising radiation
40. A form of notation (also known as 'scientific notation') used for expressing very large or very small numbers.
cell
high-risk screening
powers of ten
gate theory
41. Immune system cells that circulate around the body helping to protect it from infection and some other types of disease; also known as white cells.
mortality rate
cancellous
leukocytes
pupil
42. This condition occurs when the arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle become blocked by fatty deposits known as plaques - and areas of muscle die as a result.
epidemic
coronary heart disease
ligaments
axon terminal
43. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
hyperventilate
cones
chronic bronchitis
44. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.
SAFE
forced vital capacity
pyloric sphincter
veins
45. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil
infant mortality rate
double bond
equivalent dose
developing countries
46. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.
respiration
transpiration
heat capacity
pyloric sphincter
47. A system of glands (also known as ductless glands) - each of which secretes one or more hormones directly into the bloodstream. (CS 1 - 2 & 3)
endocrine system
spirogram
toxicology
electron
48. A therapeutic technique where low-level stimulation is given to the skin and which has the effect of reducing pain (abbreviated to TENS).
information processing
gas transfer test
regenerative medicine
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
49. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.
proteins
brain imaging
complementary colours
noxious stimuli
50. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.
phantom pain
SAFE
catalyst
alcoholic liver disease
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