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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.






2. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.






3. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.






4. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).






5. A graft where the donor tissue comes from the same person (as opposed to an allograft where it comes from another person).






6. A small group of atoms bonded together which carry an overall electrical charge; e.g. the bicarbonate ion and the nitrate ion.






7. A chronic - irreversible disease of the lungs characterised by loss of elastic recoil and enlarged air spaces in the lungs due to destruction of the walls of the alveoli and small airways.






8. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.






9. An experience Which is accessible only to the person who experiences it in terms of the contents of his or her conscious mind. Such experience is not open to objective observation or measurement by any other individual and hence is contrasted with 'o






10. The transparent gelatinous fluid within the eyeball (between the lens and the retina).






11. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.






12. A visual impairment in which the lens of the eye loses transparency and exhibits reduced light transmission.






13. The ability to stand - walk and run - supported only by the hind limbs.






14. A symptom of trachoma in which eyelashes grow inwards and scratch the conjunctiva - causing pain - scarring and eventually blindness.






15. A type of cell that can migrate into wound sites and make new extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen.






16. A measure of how well a person sees - determined by the minimum distance at which two lines (or points) can be distinguished at a test distance.






17. The level of intensity of stimulation of a neuron at which it first shows activity. The term is used particularly in the context of sensory neurons.






18. Structures in the kidney that filter the blood and produce the urine.






19. The junction where a neuron influences another cell - the latter being either another neuron or a muscle cell. (






20. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.






21. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.






22. Categorised into three progressive stages: fatty liver - hepatitis and cirrhosis.






23. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.






24. The total number of people who have a disease - disorder or disability at a particular point in time - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






25. Inflammation with a rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration.






26. A drug that widens the airways of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles.






27. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.






28. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.






29. Countries that provide universal education for their children - with populations that have high rates of literacy - comprehensive health services and which meet certain other development indicators - such as 100% access to safe drinking water and san






30. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t






31. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.






32. A very long macromolecule found in the cell nucleus - abbreviated to DNA. It is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics through the generations in all organisms. The genetic information is carried






33. The proportion of young - middle-aged and older people in a population. In developing countries - tends to be 'younger' than that of developed countries.






34. The skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis and provides the strength and elasticity of the skin.






35. Optimal corrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 - i.e. wearing optimal correcting lenses - the individual can distinguish letters on a test chart at 6 metres that a person with normal vision could read at 18 metres






36. Any unintended and undesirable consequences of medical treatment; also known in medicine as an adverse effect or reaction.






37. The number of deaths in a population - either from all causes combined or from a specific cause - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) people in the population.






38. Also known as 'organ systems'; combinations of organs and tissues that function in a coordinated way; e.g. the circulatory system - the nervous system - the respiratory system.






39. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






40. A narrow beam of light used to show the direction of travel of light from a source.






41. Complex structures in the body formed from a number of different tissues - which form a distinct structure and serve a particular function - e.g. the heart - the brain - the lungs. (CS 2 & 4)






42. A gradual change in about 10% of chronic heavy drinkers whereby liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.






43. The study of the relationship between the structure and the function of body systems.






44. A form of energy that can be described as either a wave or as a flow of 'packets' of energy. It includes gamma rays - X-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves and radio waves. The different types of radiation are distinguished by






45. Memory for events or issues related to oneself.






46. The standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; it has the symbol l.






47. Tissues that are like tendons in terms of structure but connect bones to each other (rather than bones to muscles).






48. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).






49. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.






50. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.