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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
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Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.
disease risk factors
alcohol myopia
incubation period
inflammation
2. Deliberately deciding never to drink alcohol.
abstinence
ecosystems
vasodilation
sputum
3. A hormone secreted by the suprarenal gland (formerly the adrenal gland) upon stimulation by the central nervous system in response to stress - anger - fear or exertion. It has many effects on the body - e.g. increasing heart rate and output. Also kno
principal focal point
insufficiency fracture
psychogenic stimuli
epinephrine
4. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.
particulates
legal blindness
cirrhosis
immunodeficiency
5. A slimy - viscous substance secreted as a protective lubricant by the cells in the lining of the nose - throat and airways. Traps microbes and particles and is swept out of the respiratory system into the throat - to be coughed out or swallowed. Also
fibroblast
false positive
mucus
reflection
6. An infection of the lower respiratory tract (the bronchi and lungs) - e.g. pneumonia.
principal focal point
lower respiratory infection
arterial blood gas test
cancer cell
7. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.
hormone
ecosystems
stroma
bacteria
8. Any factor Which is statistically associated with a particular outcome (e.g. the incidence of a disease) - but Which is not involved in its causation. The association can disguise the true cause (or causes) of the outcome.
gas pressure
concave
obesity
confounding factor
9. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.
pulmonary rehabilitation
multifactorial disease
ethanol
brain imaging
10. A difficult and controversial term to define - in spite of its everyday use. It describes all the information processing carried out by the brain.
cast
body mass index
body systems
mind
11. The flat cells that line the cardiovascular system.
diarrhoeal diseases
endothelial cells
agriculture
mammography
12. Diseases involving the frequent passing of liquid faeces; they are caused by a wide variety of pathogens - including viruses - bacteria and protoctists (single-celled organisms).
refraction
blind study
diarrhoeal diseases
mind
13. To breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal.
amygdale
developing countries
hyperventilate
abstinence
14. A method for determining the efficiency of gas transfer between the lungs and the pulmonary blood capillaries.
gas transfer test
negative feedback
extinction
addiction
15. A measure of how well a person sees - determined by the minimum distance at which two lines (or points) can be distinguished at a test distance.
splint
inflammatory mediators
visual acuity
axon terminal
16. The share of all deaths in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.
hypothesis
tidal volume
proportional mortality
body systems
17. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.
prevalence
analgesics
chronic pain
electronvolt
18. The ability to stand - walk and run - supported only by the hind limbs.
peripheral nervous system
grays
bipedality
tissue engineering
19. Much of the brain is divided down its midline into two halves - the left and right of this; also referred to as the 'left brain' and the 'right brain'.
bond length
osteoclasts
cerebral hemisphere
protons
20. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si
wave
conditional stimulus
post-traumatic stress disorder
fulcrum
21. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.
grays
scar
relative risk
myopia
22. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)
solvent
craving
cognition
invasive cancer
23. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.
spectrum
positive predictive value
hypoxia
gas pressure
24. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.
allograft
double bond
obesity
chronic inflammation
25. A variety of conditions associated with eyesight - from total loss of sight (blindness) to partial sight loss.
confounding factor
chemical compound
lobule
visual impairment
26. Damage to the retina due to the abnormal blood flow that may develop in people with diabetes.
accommodation
enzyme
diabetic retinopathy
mutagen
27. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
lung function test
cirrhosis
chronic pain
28. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.
stochastic
protons
phantom pain
dementia
29. Colours of light (red - blue and green) which - when added together - make white light.
neurotransmitter
additive primary colours
principal focal point
hyperventilate
30. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.
leukocytes
excretion
cell membrane
postsynaptic neuron
31. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.
evolutionary trade-off
optometrist
levers
pupil
32. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.
adaptive value
epithelial cells
wet AMD
phagocyte
33. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou
blood pressure
intensity
negative feedback
acute inflammation
34. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)
subjective experience
endocrine system
cellular respiration
osteoblasts
35. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.
water-borne infectious diseases
neuron
osteoporosis
scatter plot
36. A change in the sequences of bases in the DNA of an organism - resulting in an alteration in the manufacture or function of a body protein. Also refers to the process by which such a change in DNA sequence occurs due to the action of a mutagen - e.g.
phantom pain
carcinoma
chronic inflammation
mutation
37. Any cell that ingests and destroys foreign particles - bacteria and cell debris.
autobiographical memory
phagocyte
hormone
proteinase
38. An eye-surgery technique where the epithelial layer of the eye is removed and laser treatment applied to the tissues exposed beneath (abbreviated to PRK).
lobule
bar chart
photorefractive keratectomy
epithelial cells
39. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.
autobiographical memory
diarrhoeal diseases
chronic bronchitis
sputum
40. Substances in which an interaction or reaction occurs - or in which an event takes place - or chemicals or objects are transported or supported - e.g. a medium through which a wave is transmitted in the refraction of light.
proteins
media
biopsy
colour blind
41. A protein produced by a living organism that functions as a catalyst. It facilitates other molecules entering into chemical reactions with one another - but is itself unaffected by these reactions.
insufficiency fracture
enzyme
centilitre
acute condition
42. The time between one peak of a wave and the next .
force
period
cortex
prefrontal cortex
43. Disease - disorder or traumatic injury characterised by rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration - From which the patient either recovers quickly or dies (CS 1 & 6). Some chronic (long-term) conditions can have acute episodes - e.g. exacerbat
transpiration
somatic nervous system
acute condition
legal blindness
44. An atom that is better than other atoms at attracting electrons to itself; e.g. oxygen
radiologist
molecule
electronegative
acute condition
45. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.
glaucoma
focal length
optician
spinal cord
46. A state in which addicts come to depend upon a drug for their 'normal' mental functioning.
placebo effect
bronchodilator
developed countries
dependence
47. Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds - e.g. hydrogen (H2) - water (H2O) - carbon dioxide (CO2).
molecule
bond dissociation energy
light ray
complementary colours
48. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.
hypoxia
deoxyribonucleic acid
single bond
fatty liver
49. The behaviour of electromagnetic radiation cannot be adequately described in all situations by any one model. In some situations the wave model is appropriate - in others the particle model - which describes the radiation as photons - must be used.
oxygenated blood
cell
wave-particle duality
gate theory
50. The number of deaths in a population - either from all causes combined or from a specific cause - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) people in the population.
mortality rate
acute inflammation
agriculture
intensity
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