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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An inflammation of the liver which can vary in severity.






2. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.






3. Any fracture where the overlying skin is broken.






4. The number of photons passing through a given area per second.






5. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.






6. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.






7. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.






8. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t






9. A hormone secreted by the suprarenal gland (formerly the adrenal gland) upon stimulation by the central nervous system in response to stress - anger - fear or exertion. It has many effects on the body - e.g. increasing heart rate and output. Also kno






10. For a screening procedure such as mammography - the number of true positive results expressed as a percentage of the total number of positive results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person with a positiv






11. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.






12. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)






13. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.






14. Optimal corrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 - i.e. wearing optimal correcting lenses - the individual can distinguish letters on a test chart at 6 metres that a person with normal vision could read at 18 metres






15. A break in one of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






16. The energy needed to break a bond between two atoms.






17. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.






18. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.






19. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - and who actually does not have the disease.






20. The visual condition of long-sightedness in which images of nearby objects cannot be focused sharply.






21. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.






22. The cells that produce new bone.






23. An alternative way of modelling the energy from an electromagnetic wave; small packets of energy and the energy of each depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.






24. The dimension of positive and negative feelings - exemplified by - respectively - happiness and pain.






25. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(






26. An electrically charged atom or molecule. May be positively or negatively charged; e.g. Na+ (the positively charged sodium ion) and Cl- (the negatively charged chloride ion).






27. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.






28. A graft where the donor tissue comes from the same person (as opposed to an allograft where it comes from another person).






29. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.






30. Condition in which no colour at all can be seen.






31. A non-invasive method of measuring the level of oxygenation of the blood by using light absorption to calculate the relative levels of haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin.






32. A measure of how well a person sees - determined by the minimum distance at which two lines (or points) can be distinguished at a test distance.






33. The outer layer of the brain - also known as the 'cerebral cortex'. (






34. The body system consisting of the heart - blood vessels and blood. It circulates blood throughout the body and is also known as the circulatory system.






35. That part of the nervous system that exerts control over the skeletal muscles and thereby over behaviour.






36. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






37. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






38. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.






39. The pressure exerted by a gas. It is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in a mixture of gases - e.g. oxygen - carbon dioxide - nitrogen and other gases that make up the air in the lungs.






40. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.






41. A graphical method of showing whether two numerical variables are related to one another. They are called 'variables' because they can each have a range of possible values. Each data point represents a particular entity - such as a country - for whic






42. The number of individual pathogens required to cause disease in an infected person; the number varies from one infectious disease to another.






43. Countries that provide universal education for their children - with populations that have high rates of literacy - comprehensive health services and which meet certain other development indicators - such as 100% access to safe drinking water and san






44. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.






45. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.






46. A variety of conditions associated with eyesight - from total loss of sight (blindness) to partial sight loss.






47. A property of the body in which a number of its important parameters are held near to constant and any deviation from their normal value triggers action that tends to restore normality. It is exemplified by the maintenance of body temperature - or of






48. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.






49. Diseases in which the pathogen causing the disease lives part of its life cycle in water; e.g. cholera - cryptosporidiosis.






50. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.







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