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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cells that produce new bone.






2. A factor that strengthens a tendency to engage in a particular behaviour.






3. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






4. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short






5. A measure of the real impact of a particular disease - disorder or disability on people's lives (DALY) - combining an estimate of the number of years lived with a reduced quality of life - taking into account the severity of the condition (every cond






6. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.






7. The total number of people who have a disease - disorder or disability at a particular point in time - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






8. A condition in which the cornea is irregularly curved.






9. Diseases in which the pathogen causing the disease lives part of its life cycle in water; e.g. cholera - cryptosporidiosis.






10. The statistical study of the occurrence - distribution - potential causes and control of diseases and disabilities in human populations (CS 1 - 3 - 4 & 6)






11. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.






12. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.






13. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi






14. An eye care professional who makes spectacles or contact lenses and advises on suitable frames or lens choices.






15. A type of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in which new blood vessels form in an attempt to restore the blood supply to the retina. The new vessels are fragile - and may leak blood into the eye.






16. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.






17. The process of inspiring or inhaling; the drawing in of air into the lungs.






18. This term indicates alcohol's effect in inducing 'psychological short-sightedness'. Alcohol lowers the range of attention - so that immediate events take on more importance than their future consequences.






19. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.






20. An organelle (plural: mitochondria) in the cytosol of cells where much of cellular respiration takes place (the release of usable chemical energy from molecules derived from food).






21. A symptom of trachoma in which eyelashes grow inwards and scratch the conjunctiva - causing pain - scarring and eventually blindness.






22. A small group of atoms bonded together which carry an overall electrical charge; e.g. the bicarbonate ion and the nitrate ion.






23. A type of cell that can migrate into wound sites and make new extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen.






24. Number of new cases of a condition diagnosed in a population in a given period - usually one year.






25. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - and who actually does not have the disease.






26. Blood that contains very little oxygen.






27. The systematic application of a test or investigation to people who have not sought medical attention - in order to identify those whose risk of developing a particular disease is sufficient to justify further action.






28. A visual impairment in which the lens of the eye loses transparency and exhibits reduced light transmission.






29. Recognisable assemblages of plants and animals - such as woodland - grassland - rivers - etc. - in which a distinct set of plants and animals live together and interact with one another.






30. A group of steroid hormones produced mainly by the ovaries (some are also produced by fat deposits in the body) - which are responsible for promoting the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics.






31. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver






32. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.






33. A chronic - irreversible disease of the lungs characterised by loss of elastic recoil and enlarged air spaces in the lungs due to destruction of the walls of the alveoli and small airways.






34. The distance between atoms in a molecule.






35. Distance between one peak of a wave and the next peak - measured in metres (m).






36. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.






37. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.






38. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.






39. Any fracture where the overlying skin is broken.






40. An inflammation of the liver which can vary in severity.






41. The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eyeball that contains the visual receptor cells (rods and cones).






42. The pivot point about which a lever rotates.






43. A tissue that covers a surface or lines a space inside the body - forming a barrier or interface across which substances are absorbed or secreted - e.g. the skin - gut lining - and various glands.






44. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.






45. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.






46. Disease - disorder or traumatic injury characterised by rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration - From which the patient either recovers quickly or dies (CS 1 & 6). Some chronic (long-term) conditions can have acute episodes - e.g. exacerbat






47. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organism which takes into account the sensitivity to radiation of different organs in the body. Multiplied by a tissue weighting factor for that organ. Then the amounts for all the affected organs are






48. An eye-surgery technique where the epithelial layer of the eye is removed and laser treatment applied to the tissues exposed beneath (abbreviated to PRK).






49. A class of neuron that detects the presence of stimuli in the world - such as tactile events - heat - cold or tissue damage.






50. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.