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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A measure of the real impact of a particular disease - disorder or disability on people's lives (DALY) - combining an estimate of the number of years lived with a reduced quality of life - taking into account the severity of the condition (every cond
forced vital capacity
fibrosis
disability adjusted life year
multifactorial disease
2. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.
axon terminal
stunting
electromagnetic radiation
chemical formula
3. A molecule that facilitates a reaction but Which is left unchanged at the end; catalysis refers to the action of this.
optometrist
toxin
catalyst
drainage angle
4. A poisonous substance produced by a living organism - usually injurious to potential prey - predators or competitors.
toxin
ecotoxicology
hydroxyl group
child mortality rate
5. The body system consisting of the heart - blood vessels and blood. It circulates blood throughout the body and is also known as the circulatory system.
cardiovascular system
fracture
hypoxia
rods
6. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.
urbanisation
stress response
proportional morbidity
phagocyte
7. Characteristic signs that follow the termination of taking a drug - most usually associated with a negative mood. There can also be characteristic physiological signs associated with particular drugs - e.g. sweating and shivering.
diastolic blood pressure
withdrawal symptoms
side-effects
legal blindness
8. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.
legal blindness
electronvolt
gate theory
bacteria
9. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.
non-communicable diseases
microcalcifications
DNA repair protein
astigmatism
10. Molecules or proteins released by immune system cells in the region of an injury - infection or other damage to the tissues. They have several effects including dilation (widening) of blood vessels to increase blood supply to the region. They also at
inflammatory mediators
cones
xenobiotic
morbidity
11. Diseases in which the pathogen causing the disease lives part of its life cycle in water; e.g. cholera - cryptosporidiosis.
cognitive-behavioural therapy
osteoclasts
water-borne infectious diseases
true negative
12. A beneficial effect deriving from a procedure with no intrinsic benefit. It relies upon the context in which the intervention is made; e.g. a sugar pill might serve as a placebo if the patient believes that it will bring some benefits. (
confounding factor
placebo effect
point-of-use' strategy
population age-structures
13. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.
intensity
stroma
pulmonary rehabilitation
levers
14. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.
bacteria
ion
bronchus
bronchiole
15. A property of the body in which a number of its important parameters are held near to constant and any deviation from their normal value triggers action that tends to restore normality. It is exemplified by the maintenance of body temperature - or of
homeostasis
epinephrine
confounding factor
mucus
16. An organelle (plural: mitochondria) in the cytosol of cells where much of cellular respiration takes place (the release of usable chemical energy from molecules derived from food).
mitochondrio
agonist
solvent
biopsy
17. Refers to an infectious disease that can be transmitted by physical contact.
adaptive value
fatty liver
non-communicable diseases
contagious
18. A visual impairment that interferes with day-to-day functions that an affected person considers to be normal.
point-of-use' strategy
visual disability
skeletal muscle
age-standardisation
19. An infection of the lower respiratory tract (the bronchi and lungs) - e.g. pneumonia.
particulates
alpha-1 antitrypsin
dry AMD
lower respiratory infection
20. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
adaptive value
placebo effect
cognition
21. A process whereby a stimulus that owes its power to conditioning loses this power by being repeatedly presented on its own; e.g. the ceasing of the capacity of a bell to trigger salivation occurs if the bell is repeatedly sounded - but without food b
calcium ions
extinction
allograft
ionic bonding
22. An inflammation of the liver which can vary in severity.
postsynaptic neuron
presynaptic neuron
dependence
hepatitis
23. A complex specialised molecule embedded in the outer membrane of a cell - or in its internal structure - which has a unique three-dimensional shape and patterns of electrical charge that enable it to bind specifically to a particular signalling molec
receptor
epidemic
vital capacity
action potential
24. A system of glands (also known as ductless glands) - each of which secretes one or more hormones directly into the bloodstream. (CS 1 - 2 & 3)
vasodilation
tidal volume
pain
endocrine system
25. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.
laser
population screening
incidence rate
tissue
26. Memory for events or issues related to oneself.
autobiographical memory
oestrogens
ionic bonding
double bond
27. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi
brain imaging
forced expiratory volume in one second
epidemiology
fibrosis
28. Complex structures in the body formed from a number of different tissues - which form a distinct structure and serve a particular function - e.g. the heart - the brain - the lungs. (CS 2 & 4)
greenstick fracture
malignant cancer
organ
developing countries
29. The number of deaths in a population - either from all causes combined or from a specific cause - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) people in the population.
hypothesis
xenobiotic
mortality rate
intensity
30. A clearly stated provisional explanation for a set of observations or data - devised for the purpose of testing its validity by the collection of additional data or by conducting an experiment.
hypothesis
gene
tendons
epidemiology
31. A screening procedure has high of this if - in people who do not have the disease being screened for - the procedure is very likely not to detect disease - that is - to give a negative result. Numerically - this is calculated by expressing the number
osteoblasts
chemical formula
specificity
bond
32. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.
ionic bonding
mind
calcium ions
expiration
33. A technique in which a person is placed in a particular psychological state and - in response to suggestions made by the hypnotist - can experience alterations in perception - memory and voluntary action.
hypnosis
diabetic retinopathy
myopia
accommodation
34. A bond between two atoms formed when an outer electron from each of the atoms is shared between them to form an electron pair bond.
protons
stochastic
covalent bond
deterministic
35. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.
fatty liver
oestrogens
bond length
diastolic blood pressure
36. The distance between atoms in a molecule.
nociception
bond length
endocrine system
cancer cell
37. Visual defects caused by imperfections in the cornea and/or lens of the eye.
single-strand break
anti-inflammatory
refractive errors
fulcrum
38. An atom of hydrogen and an atom of oxygen bonded together - Which is bonded to an organic molecule; can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules.
hydroxyl group
contagious
focal length
bronchodilator
39. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the
low vision
DNA repair protein
adaptive value
axon
40. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.
arterial blood gas test
SI Units
tissue
granulation tissue
41. The most common type of glaucoma - caused by a partial blockage of trabeculae - which reduces the rate at which the aqueous fluid can drain away from the eye and thus leads to a build up of intraocular pressure.
central nervous system
bond length
connective tissue
open angle glaucoma
42. The production of any colour by varying the relative intensities of the subtractive primaries (cyan - magenta and yellow).
convex
trichromacy
nucleus
chronic pain
43. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.
pandemic
attenuation
classical conditioning
veins
44. A region of cortex at the front of the brain - where the activity of neurons is associated with voluntary control of behaviour (self-control) and restraint. Biological evidence suggests that mild to moderate doses of alcohol selectively depress the a
prefrontal cortex
vital capacity
cancer cell
light ray
45. Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds - e.g. hydrogen (H2) - water (H2O) - carbon dioxide (CO2).
molecule
craving
confounding factor
mammals
46. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - but who actually does not have the disease.
rods
hypothesis
sweat glands
false positive
47. A chemical that reduces microbial contamination of water - surfaces - etc.
disinfectant
additive primary colours
pupil
pulse oximetry
48. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.
blood pressure
additive primary colours
child mortality rate
vacuum
49. A disorder of the fetus or infant caused by excessive maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy.
stochastic
fetal alcohol syndrome
allograft
priority eye diseases
50. The type of muscle tissue that is responsible for moving parts of the musculoskeletal system.
relative risk
skeletal muscle
acute effects
oestrogens