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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.






2. A break in one of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






3. An organelle (plural: mitochondria) in the cytosol of cells where much of cellular respiration takes place (the release of usable chemical energy from molecules derived from food).






4. The study of the relationship between the structure and the function of body systems.






5. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi






6. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that






7. The junction where a neuron influences another cell - the latter being either another neuron or a muscle cell. (






8. A clearly stated provisional explanation for a set of observations or data - devised for the purpose of testing its validity by the collection of additional data or by conducting an experiment.






9. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






10. The level of intensity of stimulation of a neuron at which it first shows activity. The term is used particularly in the context of sensory neurons.






11. The expansion of narrow blood vessels immediately beneath the skin; as they dilate they can carry more blood.






12. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.






13. This condition occurs when the arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle become blocked by fatty deposits known as plaques - and areas of muscle die as a result.






14. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.






15. The ability of the brain to take information and perform informed calculations (e.g. calculating the width of a space in which to park a car).






16. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.






17. A disorder of the fetus or infant caused by excessive maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy.






18. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si






19. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.






20. The neuron that stores and releases neurotransmitter at a synapse with another neuron or a muscle cell.






21. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).






22. The process by which collagen is produced by fibroblasts following tissue damage - often resulting in scar formation.






23. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)






24. The number of new cases in a given period - usually a year - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population






25. A tissue that covers a surface or lines a space inside the body - forming a barrier or interface across which substances are absorbed or secreted - e.g. the skin - gut lining - and various glands.






26. The share of all deaths in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






27. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.






28. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.






29. A technique in which a person is placed in a particular psychological state and - in response to suggestions made by the hypnotist - can experience alterations in perception - memory and voluntary action.






30. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






31. The number of individual pathogens required to cause disease in an infected person; the number varies from one infectious disease to another.






32. The study of the fate of chemical contaminants in the natural environment and their effects on plants - animals and ecosystems.






33. A class of neuron that detects the presence of stimuli in the world - such as tactile events - heat - cold or tissue damage.






34. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.






35. A qualified doctor who has specialised in the diagnosis and treatment of eye conditions - and who can perform eye surgery.






36. A therapeutic technique where low-level stimulation is given to the skin and which has the effect of reducing pain (abbreviated to TENS).






37. The removal of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule.






38. The joining of tissues to each other that may occur abnormally during repair.






39. A fracture that occurs because the bone has been weakened through osteoporosis.






40. Each element has been assigned one of these - often the first letter - or two of the first letters of the name; for example - H stands for hydrogen - C for carbon - N for nitrogen - Ca for calcium and O for oxygen.






41. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.






42. Stimuli that are associated with actual or potential damage to body tissues.






43. To breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal.






44. A system of glands (also known as ductless glands) - each of which secretes one or more hormones directly into the bloodstream. (CS 1 - 2 & 3)






45. A chemical that is stored within the axon terminal of a neuron and is released in response to electrical activity within that neuron. It passes the short distance to a neighbouring cell (neuron or muscle cell) where it binds to a neurotransmitter rec






46. That part of the nervous system which exerts an influence over a number of the internal organs of the body - such as the gut - heart and blood vessels. Functions without conscious intervention.






47. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.






48. A sudden change in potential difference (voltage) across the cell membrane of neurons - consisting of an increase in the resting potential and a sudden return to the resting value. Transmitted along axons and constitute the principal 'language' of co






49. A graph recording breathing - Which is made with a spirometer.






50. A subdivision of a rounded mass of tissue. For example - in the breast - this is used to describe an individual branched subsection of the mammary gland.