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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.
drainage angle
spirogram
splint
rods
2. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.
hypovolaemic shock
psychogenic stimuli
anti-inflammatory
veins
3. A fracture that occurs because the bone has been weakened through osteoporosis.
insufficiency fracture
oxygenated blood
hypnosis
adaptive characteristic
4. The ability of bacteria which have acquired a resistance gene to survive the action of an antibiotic drug that kills antibiotic-sensitive bacteria from the same strain.
analgesics
pyloric sphincter
antibiotic resistance
macula lutea
5. A simple way of presenting numerical data visually - so as to emphasise the relative size of different numbers. May be arranged vertically or horizontally.
cataract
bar chart
bond
cornea
6. A method for determining the efficiency of gas transfer between the lungs and the pulmonary blood capillaries.
drainage angle
negative predictive value
neuron
gas transfer test
7. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.
retina
wind-up
bar chart
covalent bond
8. The ability of the brain to take information and perform informed calculations (e.g. calculating the width of a space in which to park a car).
collagen
high-risk screening
information processing
wave
9. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).
information processing
endocrine system
residual volume
wavelength
10. Disease - disorder or traumatic injury characterised by rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration - From which the patient either recovers quickly or dies (CS 1 & 6). Some chronic (long-term) conditions can have acute episodes - e.g. exacerbat
infant mortality rate
acute condition
cardiovascular system
fulcrum
11. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.
sensory neuron
Snellen letter chart
lens
structural formula
12. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.
hypothesis
tendons
stroma
fibrosis
13. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.
addiction
mutagen
vasopressin
trichromacy
14. The binding that occurs between a signalling molecule and its specific receptor. The specificity of the binding is analogous to that of a particular key in a particular lock; e.g. the binding between a neurotransmitter and its receptor - or a hormone
venous return
scatter plot
lock-and-key interaction
spectrum
15. A form of energy that can be described as either a wave or as a flow of 'packets' of energy. It includes gamma rays - X-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves and radio waves. The different types of radiation are distinguished by
electromagnetic radiation
spirometer
deterministic
oxidation
16. The material outside the cells in a tissue in which the cells are embedded. It is mainly made from proteins made by and arranged by the cells.
refraction
extracellular matrix
insufficiency fracture
chemical symbol
17. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.
antibiotic resistance
mammals
epidermis
deoxyribonucleic acid
18. A painful eye condition caused by repeated infections with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis .
trachoma
LASIK
diffusion
traumatic injury
19. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.
legal blindness
leukocytes
insufficiency fracture
reinforcer
20. A chemical that has the effect of blocking the action of a natural substance such as a neurochemical. (
connective tissue
biomass fuel
antagonist
lower respiratory infection
21. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.
natural selection
coronary heart disease
double-strand break
axon terminal
22. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.
total lung capacity
additive primary colours
epidemic
stunting
23. A stimulus that has no intrinsic power to trigger a particular response but which acquires this power after being associated with another stimulus. For example - a bell does not normally trigger salivation but - after pairing with food - it acquires
arterial blood gas test
sputum
conditional stimulus
image
24. A type of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in which new blood vessels form in an attempt to restore the blood supply to the retina. The new vessels are fragile - and may leak blood into the eye.
sievert
wet AMD
protons
concave
25. The proportion of young - middle-aged and older people in a population. In developing countries - tends to be 'younger' than that of developed countries.
epithelial tissue
dependence
additive primary colours
population age-structures
26. Blood that contains very little oxygen.
incubation period
dermis
covalent bond
deoxygenated blood
27. The separation of waste products from the blood.
excretion
effective dose
mortality
wind-up
28. An aspect of a characteristic that represents an adaptive compromise between two opposing evolutionary pressures; e.g. the human pelvis represents a compromise between being narrow - Which is necessary for running at speed - and being wide - Which is
infectious dose
evolutionary trade-off
force
malignant cancer
29. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).
analgesics
hyperventilate
referred pain
regenerative medicine
30. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t
coronary heart disease
alveolus
adaptive characteristic
infectious dose
31. The expansion of narrow blood vessels immediately beneath the skin; as they dilate they can carry more blood.
stress
post-traumatic stress disorder
vasodilation
trauma
32. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.
developed countries
prevalence
adaptive characteristic
morbidity rate
33. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou
mitochondrio
negative feedback
cast
somatic nervous system
34. A therapeutic technique where low-level stimulation is given to the skin and which has the effect of reducing pain (abbreviated to TENS).
ophthalmologist
pulse oximetry
spinal cord
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
35. A type of cell that is responsible for contraction in skeletal muscle tissue. They are long and thin and have many nuclei. (Also known as muscle fibre)
photorefractive keratectomy
myofibre
expiration
spinal cord
36. A condition in which a person exceeds a certain threshold for the proportion of body weight that consists of fat. In most assessments based on body mass index - a BMI of greater than 30 is defined as clinically obese.
absorption
obesity
analgesia
bond length
37. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.
fibroblast
respiratory centres
osteoclasts
closed fracture
38. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.
proteins
complementary colours
bond
SI Units
39. Tells you which type of atoms are bonded together to make up a compound or molecule - using symbols for its constituent elements. It also shows How many of each type of atom there are (e.g. the formula for carbon dioxide - CO2 - shows it has one carb
evolutionary trade-off
chemical formula
capillaries
extracellular matrix
40. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.
sensory neuron
metabolism
scar
blood pressure
41. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.
lens
carboxyhaemoglobin
effective dose
diaphragm
42. An eye-surgery technique where the epithelial layer of the eye is removed and laser treatment applied to the tissues exposed beneath (abbreviated to PRK).
mammography
photorefractive keratectomy
point-of-use' strategy
adaptive characteristic
43. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
threshold of excitation
duct
pain
44. Any cell that ingests and destroys foreign particles - bacteria and cell debris.
homeostasis
epinephrine
granulation tissue
phagocyte
45. The time between one peak of a wave and the next .
period
prevalence rate
millilitres
fovea
46. To breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal.
antagonist
hyperventilate
vitreous humour
urbanisation
47. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.
respiration
image
closed-angle glaucoma
xenobiotic
48. A break in one of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.
single-strand break
insufficiency fracture
sievert
body mass index
49. A reduction in the number of photons passing through a material. It is caused by both absorption and scattering.
inhibitory synapse
sensory neuron
body systems
attenuation
50. A multi-disciplinary programme of care for patients with chronic respiratory conditions - Which is tailored to the individual and combines exercise and education to address all aspects of living with the condition.
pulmonary rehabilitation
proxy measure
stress response
proportional mortality