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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






2. This condition occurs when the arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle become blocked by fatty deposits known as plaques - and areas of muscle die as a result.






3. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






4. An electrical difference across the membrane of cells that arises from an unequal concentration of ions on either side. It is also termed 'voltage'.






5. A medically qualified person who has chosen to specialise in clinical radiology - the use of imaging to diagnose - treat and monitor various disease processes.






6. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va






7. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.






8. A method of purifying water - e.g. filtering - that involves individual people treating water as they use it - rather than having purified water delivered to them from a remote water-treatment plant in pipes.

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9. The concentration of ethanol in blood given in mg per 100 ml.






10. Tells you which type of atoms are bonded together to make up a compound or molecule - using symbols for its constituent elements. It also shows How many of each type of atom there are (e.g. the formula for carbon dioxide - CO2 - shows it has one carb






11. Injury causing physical damage to the body.






12. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the






13. A study in which the participants do not know into which group they have been allocated - e.g. whether they have received a drug or a placebo.






14. A lens shape with a greater thickness at the centre than at each end.






15. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.






16. A gradual change in about 10% of chronic heavy drinkers whereby liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.






17. A small airway branching from a bronchus.






18. The tissue that forms following healing - Which is not the same in structure as the original tissue.






19. An eye-surgery technique where the epithelial layer of the eye is removed and laser treatment applied to the tissues exposed beneath (abbreviated to PRK).






20. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level






21. The energy needed to break a bond between two atoms.






22. Abbreviation of a eye-surgery technique where a flap is cut in the cornea and laser treatment applied beneath.






23. A measure of the amount of energy from ionising radiation absorbed per kilogram of tissue. It is measured in units of grays where 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram.






24. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






25. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.






26. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.






27. A system of glands (also known as ductless glands) - each of which secretes one or more hormones directly into the bloodstream. (CS 1 - 2 & 3)






28. A type of cell that is responsible for contraction in skeletal muscle tissue. They are long and thin and have many nuclei. (Also known as muscle fibre)






29. A class of neuron that is neither sensory nor motor.






30. Much of the brain is divided down its midline into two halves - the left and right of this; also referred to as the 'left brain' and the 'right brain'.






31. A tissue that covers a surface or lines a space inside the body - forming a barrier or interface across which substances are absorbed or secreted - e.g. the skin - gut lining - and various glands.






32. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.






33. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.






34. The system of organs and structures in which gas exchange takes place. In mammals it consists of the airways - the lungs and the muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.






35. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.






36. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).






37. The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would exert if it were alone in a container.






38. A tissue made up of cells embedded in a matrix of protein fibres which includes bones - fat and tendons; they connect - support - or surround other tissues and organs.






39. The number of cases of a disease - disorder or disability in a population - relative to the total number of people at risk of developing it; usually expressed as the number of cases per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






40. A therapeutic technique where low-level stimulation is given to the skin and which has the effect of reducing pain (abbreviated to TENS).






41. To breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal.






42. The yellow central area of the retina containing the fovea.






43. A thick ring of muscle that controls pupil size - thereby regulating the amount of light that enters the eye. It forms the coloured portion of the eye.






44. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.






45. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.






46. Structures in the kidney that filter the blood and produce the urine.






47. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the






48. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.






49. Haemoglobin bound to oxygen molecules. Transports oxygen from blood vessels in the lungs to the cells in the rest of the body.






50. A chemical that has the effect of blocking the action of a natural substance such as a neurochemical. (







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