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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A complex specialised molecule embedded in the outer membrane of a cell - or in its internal structure - which has a unique three-dimensional shape and patterns of electrical charge that enable it to bind specifically to a particular signalling molec
receptor
laser
specificity
pyloric sphincter
2. A form of energy that can be described as either a wave or as a flow of 'packets' of energy. It includes gamma rays - X-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves and radio waves. The different types of radiation are distinguished by
electromagnetic radiation
collagen
vitreous humour
ligaments
3. Any cell that ingests and destroys foreign particles - bacteria and cell debris.
phagocyte
phantom pain
trauma
excitatory synapse
4. The unit used to measure equivalent dose and effective dose (Sv).
sievert
laser
opportunistic screening
open fracture
5. For a screening procedure such as mammography - the number of true positive results expressed as a percentage of the total number of positive results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person with a positiv
mammals
pandemic
positive predictive value
closed-angle glaucoma
6. A bond between two atoms formed when an outer electron from each of the atoms is shared between them to form an electron pair bond.
polyatomic ions
covalent bond
gate theory
tendons
7. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that
rods
natural selection
visual disability
age-related macular degeneration
8. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.
carcinoma
atomic nucleus
phantom pain
opioid
9. An electrically charged atom or molecule. May be positively or negatively charged; e.g. Na+ (the positively charged sodium ion) and Cl- (the negatively charged chloride ion).
hyperventilate
false negative
ion
myofibre
10. A class of natural neurotransmitters that have a similar structure and action to morphine and heroin.
cognition
vital capacity
proportional mortality
opioid
11. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(
antibiotic resistance
collagen
axon terminal
toxin
12. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).
acute pain
nearwork activity
myofibrils
nociceptive pain
13. An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience traditionally associated with actual or potential tissue damage and which normally is felt to arise in a particular location in the body. The term can also be used to refer to experiences triggered by so
cast
pain
potential difference
stunting
14. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.
disease risk factors
chemoreceptor
inhibitory synapse
Snellen letter chart
15. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.
homeostasis
scar
arteries
morbidity
16. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t
optician
proteinase
selection pressure
LASIK
17. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si
post-traumatic stress disorder
developing countries
hypovolaemic shock
blood-alcohol concentration
18. The eye chart used to determine how well a person can see at various distances. Named after a 19th-century Dutch ophthalmologist Hermann Snellen (1834-1908) who devised a test for visual acuity.
colour blind
false positive
stress response
Snellen letter chart
19. An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.(
referred pain
osteoblasts
prefrontal cortex
neutron
20. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.
forced vital capacity
media
chronic condition
adaptive value
21. A shell - typically made from plaster or fibreglass - which can be put around a limb in order to encase and support a broken bone until it has healed.
electronegative
trauma
psychobiological approach
cast
22. The level of intensity of stimulation of a neuron at which it first shows activity. The term is used particularly in the context of sensory neurons.
fibrosis
threshold of excitation
age-related macular degeneration
radiologist
23. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the
inflammation
gate theory
arterial blood gas test
wave
24. A beneficial effect deriving from a procedure with no intrinsic benefit. It relies upon the context in which the intervention is made; e.g. a sugar pill might serve as a placebo if the patient believes that it will bring some benefits. (
grays
choroid
placebo effect
psychogenic pain
25. A group of enzymes that degrade proteins by splitting the protein chain into smaller molecules; also called a 'protease'.
oxygenated blood
proteinase
concave
solvent
26. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.
somatic nervous system
agonist
pyloric sphincter
bioaccumulation
27. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ
body mass index
hyperventilate
excitatory synapse
radiographer
28. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).
double-blind study
true negative
lymph node
legal blindness
29. Stimuli that are associated with actual or potential damage to body tissues.
developing countries
Schwann cells
noxious stimuli
acute effects
30. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.
endothelial cells
trichromacy
haemoglobin
bond
31. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').
neuron
fetal alcohol syndrome
double-blind study
mortality rate
32. An organelle (plural: mitochondria) in the cytosol of cells where much of cellular respiration takes place (the release of usable chemical energy from molecules derived from food).
mitochondrio
fetal alcohol syndrome
bond
optical power
33. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.
myopia
fatty liver
fibroblast
developed countries
34. A system of glands (also known as ductless glands) - each of which secretes one or more hormones directly into the bloodstream. (CS 1 - 2 & 3)
endocrine system
cartilage
noxious stimuli
cell membrane
35. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.
spinal cord
xenobiotic
affect
pathogens
36. An alternative way of modelling the energy from an electromagnetic wave; small packets of energy and the energy of each depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.
body mass index
photon
adaptive value
ionic compound
37. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.
optometrist
cones
tendons
grays
38. The yellow central area of the retina containing the fovea.
macula lutea
hippocampus
residual volume
opportunistic screening
39. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.
connective tissue
nociceptive pain
disinfectant
polymer
40. Qualified to employ a range of equipment such as X-rays - MRI scanners - etc. to produce images to diagnose an injury or disease. They will then have undergone further specialist training in mammography. (Two types - diagnostic and therapeutic; the l
lung function test
forced expiratory volume in one second
radiographer
fatty liver
41. The transparent gelatinous fluid within the eyeball (between the lens and the retina).
wavelength
vitreous humour
erythrocyte
drainage angle
42. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.
capillaries
age-related macular degeneration
fovea
LASIK
43. A condition in which the conjunctiva is inflamed.
inhibitory synapse
myofibrils
conjunctivitis
myopia
44. An agent - such as a chemical - ultraviolet light - or a radioactive substance that can induce - or increase the frequency of - mutations in DNA.
concave
mutagen
prevalence rate
dry AMD
45. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou
oxygenated blood
systolic blood pressure
lymph node
negative feedback
46. An insoluble fibrous protein that forms clots following tissue damage.
closed-angle glaucoma
diaphragm
fibrin
choroid
47. Recognisable assemblages of plants and animals - such as woodland - grassland - rivers - etc. - in which a distinct set of plants and animals live together and interact with one another.
light ray
ecosystems
hard problem of consciousness
false negative
48. A drug that widens the airways of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles.
toxin
diaphragm
bronchodilator
prevalence rate
49. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.
fibrin
connective tissue
metastasis
structural formula
50. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.
stochastic
millilitres
legal blindness
forced expiratory volume in one second