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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.






2. Microbes that cause disease.






3. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.






4. A) Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged. b) An organelle containing the genetic material - found in most animal and plant cells.






5. A process at an interface of two media in which the direction of light is deviated within the new medium.






6. A response to a stimulus or substance (such as alcohol) which occurs rapidly and produces severe - possibly life-threatening - symptoms.






7. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi






8. For a screening procedure such as mammography - the number of true positive results expressed as a percentage of the total number of positive results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person with a positiv






9. The junction where a neuron influences another cell - the latter being either another neuron or a muscle cell. (






10. Countries that are only partly industrialised and where national wealth is below that of the developed economies (also known as low- and middle-income countries). They rely to a much greater degree than developed countries on subsistence farming - sm






11. Severe psychological shock.






12. A collection of neurons and other cells that is located within the protection of the backbone.






13. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).






14. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.






15. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.






16. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.






17. Memory for events or issues related to oneself.






18. The structure within the eye where the iris meets the cornea - where excess aqueous humour from the front of the eye can drain.






19. The flow of blood back to the heart in the veins.






20. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.






21. Visual defects caused by imperfections in the cornea and/or lens of the eye.






22. This term indicates alcohol's effect in inducing 'psychological short-sightedness'. Alcohol lowers the range of attention - so that immediate events take on more importance than their future consequences.






23. A type of cell that is responsible for contraction in skeletal muscle tissue. They are long and thin and have many nuclei. (Also known as muscle fibre)






24. Most common type of age-related macular degeneration - in which the blood supply to the retina is reduced - resulting in gradual loss of vision.






25. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.






26. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.






27. A process in which light passes through a medium unaffected - e.g. light passing through clear glass.






28. The new tissue formed as a wound repairs - containing tiny new blood vessels that give it a grainy appearance.






29. The system of muscles and bones and their various joints and linkages that facilitates support and movement in the body.






30. A two-dimensional map or projection of an object.






31. Abbreviation of a eye-surgery technique where a flap is cut in the cornea and laser treatment applied beneath.






32. The level of intensity of stimulation of a neuron at which it first shows activity. The term is used particularly in the context of sensory neurons.






33. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.






34. The pressure exerted by a gas. It is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in a mixture of gases - e.g. oxygen - carbon dioxide - nitrogen and other gases that make up the air in the lungs.






35. Diseases or disorders that develop as a result of the interaction over time of a combination of different risk factors - none of which on its own would be likely to cause the disease. These may include the inheritance of certain gene mutations from a






36. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.






37. A chronic - irreversible disease of the lungs characterised by loss of elastic recoil and enlarged air spaces in the lungs due to destruction of the walls of the alveoli and small airways.






38. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.






39. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.






40. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t






41. An atom that is better than other atoms at attracting electrons to itself; e.g. oxygen






42. A global strategy to combat trachoma - involving eyelid surgery - antibiotic treatment - attention to facial cleanliness and environmental changes.






43. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.






44. Disease - disorder or traumatic injury characterised by rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration - From which the patient either recovers quickly or dies (CS 1 & 6). Some chronic (long-term) conditions can have acute episodes - e.g. exacerbat






45. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.






46. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given






47. A subunit of the scientific unit of volume - the litre. One litre can be divided into 1000 of these.






48. The process of reducing pain - e.g. by taking morphine.






49. A measure of the real impact of a particular disease - disorder or disability on people's lives (DALY) - combining an estimate of the number of years lived with a reduced quality of life - taking into account the severity of the condition (every cond






50. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.