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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Optimal corrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 - i.e. wearing optimal correcting lenses - the individual can distinguish letters on a test chart at 6 metres that a person with normal vision could read at 18 metres






2. Matter formed from saliva mixed with mucus and any foreign material such as dust - Which is coughed up (expectorated) from the lower respiratory tract and usually ejected from the mouth.






3. A drug that acts to reduce the signs of inflammation - e.g. swelling - redness - heat and pain.






4. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. It consists only of the atoms characteristic - e.g. hydrogen (H) - oxygen (O) - nitrogen (N) - sodium (Na) - chlorine (Cl) - mercury (Hg). There are 92 naturally oc






5. Cells that cover all surfaces of the body. (CS 3 - 4 - 6 & 7)






6. Number of new cases of a condition diagnosed in a population in a given period - usually one year.






7. A slimy - viscous substance secreted as a protective lubricant by the cells in the lining of the nose - throat and airways. Traps microbes and particles and is swept out of the respiratory system into the throat - to be coughed out or swallowed. Also






8. Blood that contains a high level of oxygen and in which most of the haemoglobin has been converted into oxyhaemoglobin by bonding to oxygen.






9. Brain region involved in processing memories and emotional reactions.






10. Over time - a need for an increasing amount of drug to obtain the same level of effect - e.g. the amount of alcohol required to produce intoxication.






11. A variety of conditions associated with eyesight - from total loss of sight (blindness) to partial sight loss.






12. Any fracture where the overlying skin is broken.






13. The unit used to measure equivalent dose and effective dose (Sv).






14. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.






15. The type of blood cell that transports oxygen; also known as a red blood cell.






16. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.






17. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






18. Negatively charged particle of almost no mass that surround the nucleus of an atom.






19. A constantly repeating variation of some quantity that transfers energy from one position in a medium to another.






20. The ability of the brain to take information and perform informed calculations (e.g. calculating the width of a space in which to park a car).






21. The change of thickness of the lens of the eye so that focal length changes. This allows light from objects at different distances to be sharply focused in turn on the retina.






22. Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds - e.g. hydrogen (H2) - water (H2O) - carbon dioxide (CO2).






23. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil






24. Stimuli that are associated with actual or potential damage to body tissues.






25. The study of the fate of chemical contaminants in the natural environment and their effects on plants - animals and ecosystems.






26. The skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis and provides the strength and elasticity of the skin.






27. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled at each breath when resting (abbreviated to TV).






28. The eye chart used to determine how well a person can see at various distances. Named after a 19th-century Dutch ophthalmologist Hermann Snellen (1834-1908) who devised a test for visual acuity.






29. Condition in which the full range of colours cannot be clearly distinguished.






30. An aspect of a characteristic that represents an adaptive compromise between two opposing evolutionary pressures; e.g. the human pelvis represents a compromise between being narrow - Which is necessary for running at speed - and being wide - Which is






31. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a body - or a quantity of liquid - by 1 A






32. A measure of the amount of energy from ionising radiation absorbed per kilogram of tissue. It is measured in units of grays where 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram.






33. A chemical reaction involving the addition of oxygen.






34. Tissue in the centre of some large bones that contains cells (including stem cells) which are responsible for the production of white cells - red blood cells and a variety of other cells.






35. The new tissue formed as a wound repairs - containing tiny new blood vessels that give it a grainy appearance.






36. Any fracture where the skin has not been broken.






37. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(






38. A technique where people learn to change their thought patterns and behaviour to create feelings of coping and self-efficacy; e.g. people in chronic pain might be taught to place a less catastrophic interpretation on their pain.






39. A visual impairment that interferes with day-to-day functions that an affected person considers to be normal.






40. That part of the nervous system which exerts an influence over a number of the internal organs of the body - such as the gut - heart and blood vessels. Functions without conscious intervention.






41. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.






42. The neuron that stores and releases neurotransmitter at a synapse with another neuron or a muscle cell.






43. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.






44. Colours on opposite sides of the colour circle.






45. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - but who actually has the disease.






46. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)






47. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.






48. Cells that can divide to produce daughter cells - which can then differentiate to become any of a range of different cell types.






49. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.






50. A bundle of the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. (Occasionally employed informally to refer to a bundle of axons within the central nervous system.)