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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 30 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Optimal corrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 - i.e. wearing optimal correcting lenses - the individual can distinguish letters on a test chart at 6 metres that a person with normal vision could read at 18 metres






2. The ability of bacteria which have acquired a resistance gene to survive the action of an antibiotic drug that kills antibiotic-sensitive bacteria from the same strain.






3. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.






4. The type of muscle tissue that is responsible for moving parts of the musculoskeletal system.






5. The removal of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule.






6. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.






7. The skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis and provides the strength and elasticity of the skin.






8. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - but who actually does not have the disease.






9. The flow of blood back to the heart in the veins.






10. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.






11. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.






12. The total volume of gas contained in the lungs after a full inspiration (it is equal to vital capacity plus residual volume). (Abbreviated to TLC)






13. A lens shape with a greater thickness at the centre than at each end.






14. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - but who actually has the disease.






15. A drug that widens the airways of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles.






16. The number of photons passing through a given area per second.






17. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.






18. Immobilisation of a broken bone using something rigid.






19. An inflammation of the liver which can vary in severity.






20. A brain region with an essential role in the storage and retrieval of memories.






21. The system of muscles and bones and their various joints and linkages that facilitates support and movement in the body.






22. The binding that occurs between a signalling molecule and its specific receptor. The specificity of the binding is analogous to that of a particular key in a particular lock; e.g. the binding between a neurotransmitter and its receptor - or a hormone






23. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






24. The spread of malignant - cancerous cells to other parts of the body by way of the blood or lymph vessels.






25. Bonding Which is due to the electrical attraction of equal and opposite electrical charges and which holds the ions in salt crystals together.






26. The neuron that stores and releases neurotransmitter at a synapse with another neuron or a muscle cell.






27. Also known as 'organ systems'; combinations of organs and tissues that function in a coordinated way; e.g. the circulatory system - the nervous system - the respiratory system.






28. X-ray imaging of the breast.






29. The behaviour of electromagnetic radiation cannot be adequately described in all situations by any one model. In some situations the wave model is appropriate - in others the particle model - which describes the radiation as photons - must be used.






30. An atom that is better than other atoms at attracting electrons to itself; e.g. oxygen






31. A proteinase (protein-degrading) enzyme that catalyses (facilitates) the breakdown of elastin and other related proteins.






32. A readily measured statistic or parameter that can be used in place of a more complex statistic - or to 'stand in for' one that is impossible to measure directly; e.g. disease statistics are often used as this for the 'health' of a population; the nu






33. A narrow beam of light used to show the direction of travel of light from a source.






34. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.






35. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.






36. The total amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs - abbreviated to FVC.






37. An estimate of the probability of developing a particular disease or disorder in a population that has been exposed to a particular risk factor - relative to the probability of developing the condition if the risk factor was not present.






38. The build-up of levels of a chemical contaminant in the bodies of animals at successive levels in a food chain.






39. A scale from 0 to 14 describing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution - where 7 is neutral - greater than 7 is more basic (alkaline) and less than 7 is more acidic.






40. A test that measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in a sample of blood from an artery - e.g. in the wrist. Used to evaluate the efficiency of gas exchange between the blood and the lungs.






41. A process in which light passes through a medium unaffected - e.g. light passing through clear glass.






42. A collection of neurons and other cells that is located within the protection of the backbone.






43. The visual condition of long-sightedness in which images of nearby objects cannot be focused sharply.






44. A small group of atoms bonded together which carry an overall electrical charge; e.g. the bicarbonate ion and the nitrate ion.






45. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






46. The eye chart used to determine how well a person can see at various distances. Named after a 19th-century Dutch ophthalmologist Hermann Snellen (1834-1908) who devised a test for visual acuity.






47. This refers to a random effect of ionising radiation. There is no radiation threshold at which the effect inevitably occurs - but the probability of an effect occurring increases with the amount of radiation received.






48. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil






49. Condition in which the full range of colours cannot be clearly distinguished.






50. A shell - typically made from plaster or fibreglass - which can be put around a limb in order to encase and support a broken bone until it has healed.






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