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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.






2. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.






3. A fracture that occurs because the bone has been weakened through osteoporosis.






4. The ability of bacteria which have acquired a resistance gene to survive the action of an antibiotic drug that kills antibiotic-sensitive bacteria from the same strain.






5. A simple way of presenting numerical data visually - so as to emphasise the relative size of different numbers. May be arranged vertically or horizontally.






6. A method for determining the efficiency of gas transfer between the lungs and the pulmonary blood capillaries.






7. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






8. The ability of the brain to take information and perform informed calculations (e.g. calculating the width of a space in which to park a car).






9. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).






10. Disease - disorder or traumatic injury characterised by rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration - From which the patient either recovers quickly or dies (CS 1 & 6). Some chronic (long-term) conditions can have acute episodes - e.g. exacerbat






11. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.






12. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.






13. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.






14. The binding that occurs between a signalling molecule and its specific receptor. The specificity of the binding is analogous to that of a particular key in a particular lock; e.g. the binding between a neurotransmitter and its receptor - or a hormone






15. A form of energy that can be described as either a wave or as a flow of 'packets' of energy. It includes gamma rays - X-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves and radio waves. The different types of radiation are distinguished by






16. The material outside the cells in a tissue in which the cells are embedded. It is mainly made from proteins made by and arranged by the cells.






17. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.






18. A painful eye condition caused by repeated infections with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis .






19. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.






20. A chemical that has the effect of blocking the action of a natural substance such as a neurochemical. (






21. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






22. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.






23. A stimulus that has no intrinsic power to trigger a particular response but which acquires this power after being associated with another stimulus. For example - a bell does not normally trigger salivation but - after pairing with food - it acquires






24. A type of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in which new blood vessels form in an attempt to restore the blood supply to the retina. The new vessels are fragile - and may leak blood into the eye.






25. The proportion of young - middle-aged and older people in a population. In developing countries - tends to be 'younger' than that of developed countries.






26. Blood that contains very little oxygen.






27. The separation of waste products from the blood.






28. An aspect of a characteristic that represents an adaptive compromise between two opposing evolutionary pressures; e.g. the human pelvis represents a compromise between being narrow - Which is necessary for running at speed - and being wide - Which is






29. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).






30. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t






31. The expansion of narrow blood vessels immediately beneath the skin; as they dilate they can carry more blood.






32. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.






33. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou






34. A therapeutic technique where low-level stimulation is given to the skin and which has the effect of reducing pain (abbreviated to TENS).






35. A type of cell that is responsible for contraction in skeletal muscle tissue. They are long and thin and have many nuclei. (Also known as muscle fibre)






36. A condition in which a person exceeds a certain threshold for the proportion of body weight that consists of fat. In most assessments based on body mass index - a BMI of greater than 30 is defined as clinically obese.






37. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.






38. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.






39. Tells you which type of atoms are bonded together to make up a compound or molecule - using symbols for its constituent elements. It also shows How many of each type of atom there are (e.g. the formula for carbon dioxide - CO2 - shows it has one carb






40. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.






41. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






42. An eye-surgery technique where the epithelial layer of the eye is removed and laser treatment applied to the tissues exposed beneath (abbreviated to PRK).






43. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.






44. Any cell that ingests and destroys foreign particles - bacteria and cell debris.






45. The time between one peak of a wave and the next .






46. To breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal.






47. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.






48. A break in one of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






49. A reduction in the number of photons passing through a material. It is caused by both absorption and scattering.






50. A multi-disciplinary programme of care for patients with chronic respiratory conditions - Which is tailored to the individual and combines exercise and education to address all aspects of living with the condition.