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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most common type of age-related macular degeneration - in which the blood supply to the retina is reduced - resulting in gradual loss of vision.






2. Screening that takes place haphazardly when an opportunity arises - for example - when a patient consults a doctor about something unrelated and is referred for a screening test.






3. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given






4. Condition in which the full range of colours cannot be clearly distinguished.






5. Countries that are only partly industrialised and where national wealth is below that of the developed economies (also known as low- and middle-income countries). They rely to a much greater degree than developed countries on subsistence farming - sm






6. A scale from 0 to 14 describing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution - where 7 is neutral - greater than 7 is more basic (alkaline) and less than 7 is more acidic.






7. A disorder of the fetus or infant caused by excessive maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy.






8. Pain of relatively short duration and associated with actual damage to tissues.






9. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.






10. A chronic - irreversible disease of the lungs characterised by loss of elastic recoil and enlarged air spaces in the lungs due to destruction of the walls of the alveoli and small airways.






11. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.






12. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)






13. Tissue that is found at joints and during bone repair. Its structure is a bit like bone without the mineral component - giving a smooth and resilient surface to the ends of bones to aid movement at joints.






14. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.






15. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).






16. A type of cell that can migrate into wound sites and make new extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen.






17. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ






18. The systematic application of a test or investigation to people who have not sought medical attention - in order to identify those whose risk of developing a particular disease is sufficient to justify further action.






19. A poisonous substance produced by a living organism - usually injurious to potential prey - predators or competitors.






20. The distance between atoms in a molecule.






21. The study of the fate of chemical contaminants in the natural environment and their effects on plants - animals and ecosystems.






22. The total amount of air that can be taken in to the lungs during a maximum inspiration - or expelled during a maximal expiration. (Abbreviated to VC)






23. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled at each breath when resting (abbreviated to TV).






24. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.






25. The structure within the eye where the iris meets the cornea - where excess aqueous humour from the front of the eye can drain.






26. A bond between two atoms formed when an outer electron from each of the atoms is shared between them to form an electron pair bond.






27. A class of neurons that convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles.






28. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of two electrons - one from each atom at either end of the bond.






29. Much of the brain is divided down its midline into two halves - the left and right of this; also referred to as the 'left brain' and the 'right brain'.






30. The process of breaking down foods in the body into the molecules needed to maintain life.






31. The total amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs - abbreviated to FVC.






32. A screening procedure has high of this if - in people who do not have the disease being screened for - the procedure is very likely not to detect disease - that is - to give a negative result. Numerically - this is calculated by expressing the number






33. A graft where the donor tissue comes from the same person (as opposed to an allograft where it comes from another person).






34. Industrial chemicals - commonly found as environmental pollutants - that disrupt the hormonal systems of animals - including humans.






35. The type of bone (sometimes called compact) that is more dense (compared with cancellous bone) and very strong. It is found in the parts of the bone that need to withstand the largest forces.






36. A drug that widens the airways of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles.






37. A type of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in which new blood vessels form in an attempt to restore the blood supply to the retina. The new vessels are fragile - and may leak blood into the eye.






38. The cells associated with peripheral neurons that wrap themselves around the axons.






39. A brain region with an essential role in the storage and retrieval of memories.






40. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






41. Recognisable assemblages of plants and animals - such as woodland - grassland - rivers - etc. - in which a distinct set of plants and animals live together and interact with one another.






42. The dimension of positive and negative feelings - exemplified by - respectively - happiness and pain.






43. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






44. A group of steroid hormones produced mainly by the ovaries (some are also produced by fat deposits in the body) - which are responsible for promoting the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics.






45. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.






46. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').






47. A slimy - viscous substance secreted as a protective lubricant by the cells in the lining of the nose - throat and airways. Traps microbes and particles and is swept out of the respiratory system into the throat - to be coughed out or swallowed. Also






48. A single point on the optical axis of a lens onto which all light rays parallel to that axis are directed.






49. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.






50. A) A transparent and flexible convex structure behind the iris that (together with the cornea) refracts light. b) A transparent object - usually made of glass or plastic - that refracts light. Found in spectacles - magnifying glasses and microscopes.







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