SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.
acidosis
choroid
referred pain
wind-up
2. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.
spirometer
compact bone
focal length
protons
3. The number of cases of a disease - disorder or disability in a population - relative to the total number of people at risk of developing it; usually expressed as the number of cases per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.
immunodeficiency
morbidity rate
adaptive characteristic
fulcrum
4. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.
point-of-use' strategy
mortality
phantom pain
cell
5. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.
pain matrix
pyloric sphincter
disability adjusted life year
opportunistic screening
6. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an excitatory effect on a postsynaptic cell - e.g. it excites further action potentials in a second cell.
non-communicable diseases
Schwann cells
cerebral hemisphere
excitatory synapse
7. A brain region with an essential role in the storage and retrieval of memories.
xenobiotic
absorbed dose
hippocampus
vital capacity
8. Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person (also known as 'non-infectious diseases' or 'chronic conditions' or 'long-term conditions'); they mainly develop slowly over time and persist for a long period - or are irreversible; e.g. canc
catalyst
non-communicable diseases
molecule
ophthalmologist
9. A thick ring of muscle that controls pupil size - thereby regulating the amount of light that enters the eye. It forms the coloured portion of the eye.
incidence rate
emphysema
stress response
iris
10. This refers to a random effect of ionising radiation. There is no radiation threshold at which the effect inevitably occurs - but the probability of an effect occurring increases with the amount of radiation received.
subjective experience
stochastic
tissue
oxidation
11. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi
hydroxyl group
trichromacy
brain imaging
nociception
12. An infection of the lower respiratory tract (the bronchi and lungs) - e.g. pneumonia.
age-standardisation
electromagnetic radiation
lower respiratory infection
analgesia
13. The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
principal focal point
single bond
disinfectant
central nervous system
14. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.
laser
levers
radiographer
optician
15. A hormone secreted by the suprarenal gland (formerly the adrenal gland) upon stimulation by the central nervous system in response to stress - anger - fear or exertion. It has many effects on the body - e.g. increasing heart rate and output. Also kno
epinephrine
conditional stimulus
forced expiratory volume in one second
aqueous humour
16. A condition in which a person exceeds a certain threshold for the proportion of body weight that consists of fat. In most assessments based on body mass index - a BMI of greater than 30 is defined as clinically obese.
obesity
fibrosis
period
stress response
17. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ
inflammatory mediators
single bond
body mass index
organ
18. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.
blood-alcohol concentration
immunodeficiency
chemical bond
tendons
19. Molecules or proteins released by immune system cells in the region of an injury - infection or other damage to the tissues. They have several effects including dilation (widening) of blood vessels to increase blood supply to the region. They also at
inflammatory mediators
lobule
action potential
cartilage
20. The outer layer of the brain - also known as the 'cerebral cortex'. (
cerebral hemisphere
cortex
enzyme
deoxyribonucleic acid
21. A symptom of trachoma in which eyelashes grow inwards and scratch the conjunctiva - causing pain - scarring and eventually blindness.
toxicology
psychogenic pain
extracellular matrix
trichiasis
22. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(
forced expiratory volume in one second
electronegative
spectrum
axon terminal
23. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi
chronic effects
double-blind study
high-risk screening
prevalence
24. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.
synapse
hormone
proportional mortality
attenuation coefficient
25. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (
bond dissociation energy
agonist
incubation period
cortex
26. A protein produced in the liver that circulates around the body and blocks the destructive effects of certain proteinase enzymes such as elastase.
axon terminal
alpha-1 antitrypsin
stem cells
lock-and-key interaction
27. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.
hypoxia
photon
lung function test
extinction
28. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.
pain matrix
hypothesis
sputum
ligaments
29. A type of cell that is responsible for contraction in skeletal muscle tissue. They are long and thin and have many nuclei. (Also known as muscle fibre)
subjective experience
fulcrum
iris
myofibre
30. Distance between one peak of a wave and the next peak - measured in metres (m).
wavelength
phantom pain
choroid
Snellen letter chart
31. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - but who actually does not have the disease.
risk factor
tidal volume
ligaments
false positive
32. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. It consists only of the atoms characteristic - e.g. hydrogen (H) - oxygen (O) - nitrogen (N) - sodium (Na) - chlorine (Cl) - mercury (Hg). There are 92 naturally oc
side-effects
mammals
element
capillaries
33. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.
post-traumatic stress disorder
particulates
selection pressure
osteoblasts
34. A substance composed of positively and negatively charged ions - held together by the electrical attraction between opposite charges. Salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) - in which the ions are organised in a regular crystal lattice - are this.
ionic compound
hard problem of consciousness
macula lutea
post-traumatic stress disorder
35. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.
population age-structures
alcoholic liver disease
electromagnetic radiation
bond
36. Screening that takes place haphazardly when an opportunity arises - for example - when a patient consults a doctor about something unrelated and is referred for a screening test.
absorbed dose
myofibrils
skeletal muscle
opportunistic screening
37. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)
leukocytes
granulation tissue
screening
cellular respiration
38. The tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs; also known as the windpipe.
ionisation
trichiasis
fibrosis
trachea
39. A very long macromolecule found in the cell nucleus - abbreviated to DNA. It is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics through the generations in all organisms. The genetic information is carried
craving
deoxyribonucleic acid
expiration
inhibitory synapse
40. A cell that is part of a malignant tumour; not subject to the body signals that tell normal cells when to divide or stop dividing - so they multiply in an uncontrolled way.
primates
cancer cell
bronchiole
pulmonary rehabilitation
41. The total volume of gas contained in the lungs after a full inspiration (it is equal to vital capacity plus residual volume). (Abbreviated to TLC)
lens
alcoholic poisoning
fatty liver
total lung capacity
42. Abbreviation of a eye-surgery technique where a flap is cut in the cornea and laser treatment applied beneath.
chemical bond
LASIK
covalent bond
respiratory system
43. A form of notation (also known as 'scientific notation') used for expressing very large or very small numbers.
powers of ten
hypovolaemic shock
chemical compound
epidemiology
44. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.
fulcrum
osteoclasts
calcium ions
solvent
45. The level of intensity of stimulation of a neuron at which it first shows activity. The term is used particularly in the context of sensory neurons.
dementia
reinforcer
threshold of excitation
venous return
46. A global strategy to combat trachoma - involving eyelid surgery - antibiotic treatment - attention to facial cleanliness and environmental changes.
phagocyte
SAFE
cerebral hemisphere
visual acuity
47. Cells that cover all surfaces of the body. (CS 3 - 4 - 6 & 7)
inflammatory mediators
xenobiotic
epithelial cells
wet AMD
48. The skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis and provides the strength and elasticity of the skin.
equivalent dose
true positive
double-blind study
dermis
49. A stimulus that has no intrinsic power to trigger a particular response but which acquires this power after being associated with another stimulus. For example - a bell does not normally trigger salivation but - after pairing with food - it acquires
conditional stimulus
spirometry
age-standardisation
vital capacity
50. That part of the nervous system that exerts control over the skeletal muscles and thereby over behaviour.
incidence rate
somatic nervous system
media
infectious dose