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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.






2. The thinnest blood vessels.






3. A graft where the donor tissue comes from another person (as opposed to an autograft where it comes from the same person).






4. An electrically charged atom or molecule. May be positively or negatively charged; e.g. Na+ (the positively charged sodium ion) and Cl- (the negatively charged chloride ion).






5. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.






6. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.






7. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.






8. The material outside the cells in a tissue in which the cells are embedded. It is mainly made from proteins made by and arranged by the cells.






9. A break in one of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






10. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






11. To breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal.






12. A complex specialised molecule embedded in the outer membrane of a cell - or in its internal structure - which has a unique three-dimensional shape and patterns of electrical charge that enable it to bind specifically to a particular signalling molec






13. Condition in which the full range of colours cannot be clearly distinguished.






14. A process whereby a stimulus that owes its power to conditioning loses this power by being repeatedly presented on its own; e.g. the ceasing of the capacity of a bell to trigger salivation occurs if the bell is repeatedly sounded - but without food b






15. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.






16. Pain that arises from damage to neurons either within the central nervous system or in the periphery of the body.






17. Certain kinds of activity with which the brain is engaged - i.e. the processing of information that is summarised by the term 'mind'. It is exemplified by thinking - memory - reasoning and interpreting.






18. A process in which light passes through a medium unaffected - e.g. light passing through clear glass.






19. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl






20. Degenerative disease of the retina that results in loss of vision in the centre of the visual field. It is caused by an impaired blood supply to the macula. This condition is usually associated with ageing.






21. The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would exert if it were alone in a container.






22. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.






23. For a screening procedure such as mammography - this value is the number of true negative results expressed as a percentage of the total number of negative results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person






24. The change of thickness of the lens of the eye so that focal length changes. This allows light from objects at different distances to be sharply focused in turn on the retina.






25. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va






26. The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.






27. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.






28. A thick ring of muscle that controls pupil size - thereby regulating the amount of light that enters the eye. It forms the coloured portion of the eye.






29. Injury causing physical damage to the body.






30. A clearly stated provisional explanation for a set of observations or data - devised for the purpose of testing its validity by the collection of additional data or by conducting an experiment.






31. A slimy - viscous substance secreted as a protective lubricant by the cells in the lining of the nose - throat and airways. Traps microbes and particles and is swept out of the respiratory system into the throat - to be coughed out or swallowed. Also






32. A cell that is part of a malignant tumour; not subject to the body signals that tell normal cells when to divide or stop dividing - so they multiply in an uncontrolled way.






33. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.






34. Brain region involved in processing memories and emotional reactions.






35. A type of cell that is responsible for contraction in skeletal muscle tissue. They are long and thin and have many nuclei. (Also known as muscle fibre)






36. A condition in which the cornea is irregularly curved.






37. A substance composed of positively and negatively charged ions - held together by the electrical attraction between opposite charges. Salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) - in which the ions are organised in a regular crystal lattice - are this.






38. The size and direction of a push or pull.






39. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.






40. An approach to explanation which implies two closely related things: (i) both biological and psychological sciences have central roles in the explanation - and (ii) a given phenomenon to be studied within this perspective - such as pain - has both bi






41. A term that refers to the fact that the connections between neurons are not static. Rather - they are subject to change as result of activity within the neurons concerned. It can mean - over a period of time - increased sensitivity of connections bet






42. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.






43. A molecule that facilitates a reaction but Which is left unchanged at the end; catalysis refers to the action of this.






44. The tissue that forms following healing - Which is not the same in structure as the original tissue.






45. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).






46. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t






47. Death.






48. The cultivation of land for the purpose of crop production and/or the rearing of livestock - primarily for food - but also to provide materials - e.g. for fuel - clothing and shelter.






49. A painful eye condition caused by repeated infections with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis .






50. The process of reducing pain - e.g. by taking morphine.