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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.
hydrogen bond
equivalent dose
alveolus
epidemiology
2. An estimate of the probability of developing a particular disease or disorder in a population that has been exposed to a particular risk factor - relative to the probability of developing the condition if the risk factor was not present.
relative risk
psychobiological approach
oxidation
autonomic nervous system
3. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.
convex
agonist
ethanol
central nervous system
4. A visual impairment in which the lens of the eye loses transparency and exhibits reduced light transmission.
chemoreceptor
millilitres
pathogens
cataract
5. The production of any colour by varying the relative intensities of the subtractive primaries (cyan - magenta and yellow).
optical power
particulates
respiratory centres
trichromacy
6. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.
pyloric sphincter
extinction
morbidity
SI Units
7. The number of photons passing through a given area per second.
addiction
relative risk
intensity
craving
8. The skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis and provides the strength and elasticity of the skin.
capillaries
deoxyribonucleic acid
dermis
antagonist
9. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.
equivalent dose
wind-up
optometrist
obesity
10. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.
physiology
respiration
bar chart
forced vital capacity
11. The concentration of ethanol in blood given in mg per 100 ml.
hypovolaemic shock
cognition
blood-alcohol concentration
homeostasis
12. A clearly stated provisional explanation for a set of observations or data - devised for the purpose of testing its validity by the collection of additional data or by conducting an experiment.
cognitive-behavioural therapy
hypothesis
pupil
ethanol
13. The process of breaking down foods in the body into the molecules needed to maintain life.
litre
trachoma
metabolism
radiographer
14. The transparent gelatinous fluid within the eyeball (between the lens and the retina).
extinction
diarrhoeal diseases
vitreous humour
tolerance
15. The release of water vapour by plants.
transpiration
psychological trauma
radiologist
osteoporosis
16. An eye-surgery technique where the epithelial layer of the eye is removed and laser treatment applied to the tissues exposed beneath (abbreviated to PRK).
element
prevalence
photorefractive keratectomy
colour blind
17. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.
excitatory synapse
bacteria
intensity
morbidity rate
18. A disorder of the fetus or infant caused by excessive maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy.
fetal alcohol syndrome
allograft
hypovolaemic shock
cornea
19. A class of substances arising from outside the body - but Which bear a close similarity to naturally occurring opioids in their structure and effect; they include heroin derived from the opium poppy and morphine.
opiates
adaptive characteristic
alcohol tolerant
trachea
20. An approach to explanation which implies two closely related things: (i) both biological and psychological sciences have central roles in the explanation - and (ii) a given phenomenon to be studied within this perspective - such as pain - has both bi
acidosis
pain matrix
wet AMD
psychobiological approach
21. A beneficial effect deriving from a procedure with no intrinsic benefit. It relies upon the context in which the intervention is made; e.g. a sugar pill might serve as a placebo if the patient believes that it will bring some benefits. (
cortex
placebo effect
autobiographical memory
population age-structures
22. For a screening procedure such as mammography - the number of true positive results expressed as a percentage of the total number of positive results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person with a positiv
epidemiology
positive predictive value
tissue engineering
excitatory synapse
23. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.
period
dementia
bacteria
trachoma
24. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.
diaphragm
psychogenic pain
morbidity rate
alcohol tolerant
25. A chemical that has the effect of blocking the action of a natural substance such as a neurochemical. (
antagonist
cones
brain imaging
chemical formula
26. An atom of hydrogen and an atom of oxygen bonded together - Which is bonded to an organic molecule; can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules.
hydroxyl group
conditional stimulus
organ
phantom pain
27. The cells that produce new bone.
coronary heart disease
respiratory system
osteoblasts
stroma
28. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.
addiction
levers
particulates
osteoblasts
29. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.
focal length
polymer
force
wind-up
30. A condition in which a person exceeds a certain threshold for the proportion of body weight that consists of fat. In most assessments based on body mass index - a BMI of greater than 30 is defined as clinically obese.
obesity
additive primary colours
refractive errors
acute effects
31. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)
invasive cancer
priority eye diseases
protons
addiction
32. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi
powers of ten
absorbed dose
threshold of excitation
high-risk screening
33. An atom that is better than other atoms at attracting electrons to itself; e.g. oxygen
structural formula
electronegative
dependence
glaucoma
34. A technique in which a person is placed in a particular psychological state and - in response to suggestions made by the hypnotist - can experience alterations in perception - memory and voluntary action.
stem cells
cognitive-behavioural therapy
psychogenic stimuli
hypnosis
35. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl
risk factor
attenuation coefficient
spectrum
DNA repair protein
36. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t
traumatic injury
lock-and-key interaction
atomic nucleus
selection pressure
37. The flat cells that line the cardiovascular system.
endothelial cells
neutron
alcoholic liver disease
forced vital capacity
38. A protein produced by a living organism that functions as a catalyst. It facilitates other molecules entering into chemical reactions with one another - but is itself unaffected by these reactions.
true positive
equivalent dose
enzyme
psychological trauma
39. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.
microcalcifications
chronic effects
LASIK
myofibrils
40. A graft where the donor tissue comes from another person (as opposed to an autograft where it comes from the same person).
cartilage
osteoblasts
addiction
allograft
41. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.
mutation
pyloric sphincter
non-communicable diseases
pupil
42. That part of the nervous system that exerts control over the skeletal muscles and thereby over behaviour.
diabetic retinopathy
alcohol myopia
wavelength
somatic nervous system
43. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.
cornea
period
blood-alcohol concentration
tendons
44. Inflammation with a rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration.
acute inflammation
cornea
cognitive-behavioural therapy
spirometry
45. A volume in which there are no atoms or molecules.
homeostasis
vacuum
deterministic
proportional mortality
46. A subunit of the scientific unit of volume - the litre. One litre can be divided into 1000 of these.
antibiotic resistance
priority eye diseases
millilitres
action potential
47. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.
age-related macular degeneration
blood pressure
single-strand break
post-traumatic stress disorder
48. A system of glands (also known as ductless glands) - each of which secretes one or more hormones directly into the bloodstream. (CS 1 - 2 & 3)
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
spinal cord
trichromacy
49. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a body - or a quantity of liquid - by 1 A
withdrawal symptoms
cornea
element
heat capacity
50. A condition in which the conjunctiva is inflamed.
photon
electronegative
phantom pain
conjunctivitis