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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.






2. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.






3. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organism which takes into account the sensitivity to radiation of different organs in the body. Multiplied by a tissue weighting factor for that organ. Then the amounts for all the affected organs are






4. A condition in which the conjunctiva is inflamed.






5. A region of cortex at the front of the brain - where the activity of neurons is associated with voluntary control of behaviour (self-control) and restraint. Biological evidence suggests that mild to moderate doses of alcohol selectively depress the a






6. A single point on the optical axis of a lens onto which all light rays parallel to that axis are directed.






7. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.






8. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






9. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.






10. The separation of waste products from the blood.






11. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.






12. The change of thickness of the lens of the eye so that focal length changes. This allows light from objects at different distances to be sharply focused in turn on the retina.






13. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.






14. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given






15. Categorised into three progressive stages: fatty liver - hepatitis and cirrhosis.






16. Molecules or proteins released by immune system cells in the region of an injury - infection or other damage to the tissues. They have several effects including dilation (widening) of blood vessels to increase blood supply to the region. They also at






17. Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds - e.g. hydrogen (H2) - water (H2O) - carbon dioxide (CO2).






18. The integrated body system of organs - tissues - cells and proteins that functions to protect the body from potentially pathogenic organisms (microbes) or harmful substances.






19. X-ray imaging of the breast.






20. A state in which addicts come to depend upon a drug for their 'normal' mental functioning.






21. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)






22. The distance between atoms in a molecule.






23. Over time - a need for an increasing amount of drug to obtain the same level of effect - e.g. the amount of alcohol required to produce intoxication.






24. The problem of trying to explain how the subjective feelings of consciousness arise from the physical matter of the brain.






25. Bonding Which is due to the electrical attraction of equal and opposite electrical charges and which holds the ions in salt crystals together.






26. To breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal.






27. The release of water vapour by plants.






28. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver






29. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.






30. An epidemic on a world-wide scale.






31. A lens shape with a greater thickness at each end than through the centre.






32. The term given to those units of measurement that scientists all over the world have agreed to use in their publications; e.g. the second (s) - the kilogram (kg) - and the metre (m).






33. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.






34. Pain that arises from damage to neurons either within the central nervous system or in the periphery of the body.






35. A small group of atoms bonded together which carry an overall electrical charge; e.g. the bicarbonate ion and the nitrate ion.






36. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.






37. Diseases in which the pathogen causing the disease lives part of its life cycle in water; e.g. cholera - cryptosporidiosis.






38. The mechanisms in the nervous system underlying an automatic and unconscious reaction to a particular stimulus - i.e. a reaction that cannot be controlled by will-power.






39. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va






40. A form of energy that can be described as either a wave or as a flow of 'packets' of energy. It includes gamma rays - X-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves and radio waves. The different types of radiation are distinguished by






41. Building replacement tissues to aid repair following damage.






42. The organelles found inside myofibres that run the length of the cell and cause contraction.






43. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (






44. The removal of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule.






45. Cells that can divide to produce daughter cells - which can then differentiate to become any of a range of different cell types.






46. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it






47. A fracture that occurs because the bone has been weakened through osteoporosis.






48. A bond between two atoms formed when an outer electron from each of the atoms is shared between them to form an electron pair bond.






49. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.






50. Any unintended and undesirable consequences of medical treatment; also known in medicine as an adverse effect or reaction.