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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.
binge drinking
myopia
pulmonary rehabilitation
erythrocyte
2. A symptom of trachoma in which eyelashes grow inwards and scratch the conjunctiva - causing pain - scarring and eventually blindness.
spirometer
trichiasis
nearwork activity
neutron
3. The expansion of narrow blood vessels immediately beneath the skin; as they dilate they can carry more blood.
fulcrum
psychobiological approach
reflection
vasodilation
4. A lens shape with a greater thickness at each end than through the centre.
lung function test
concave
carcinoma
electronegative
5. A class of neuron that detects the presence of stimuli in the world - such as tactile events - heat - cold or tissue damage.
sensory neuron
water-borne infectious diseases
neurotransmitter
atom
6. Tissue that is found at joints and during bone repair. Its structure is a bit like bone without the mineral component - giving a smooth and resilient surface to the ends of bones to aid movement at joints.
neuron
LASIK
chemoreceptor
cartilage
7. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.
vital capacity
affect
point-of-use' strategy
dementia
8. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that
lung function test
opiates
natural selection
cerebral hemisphere
9. A qualified doctor who has specialised in the diagnosis and treatment of eye conditions - and who can perform eye surgery.
oxygenated blood
ophthalmologist
neurogenic pain
prefrontal cortex
10. Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person (also known as 'non-infectious diseases' or 'chronic conditions' or 'long-term conditions'); they mainly develop slowly over time and persist for a long period - or are irreversible; e.g. canc
double bond
non-communicable diseases
complementary colours
prevalence
11. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.
lymph node
trauma
mutagen
oxidation
12. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.
protons
accommodation
rods
hypoxia
13. An inflammation of the liver which can vary in severity.
amygdale
obesity
affect
hepatitis
14. A substance composed of positively and negatively charged ions - held together by the electrical attraction between opposite charges. Salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) - in which the ions are organised in a regular crystal lattice - are this.
carcinoma
sputum
hepatitis
ionic compound
15. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.
grays
negative feedback
metastasis
vitreous humour
16. A region of cortex at the front of the brain - where the activity of neurons is associated with voluntary control of behaviour (self-control) and restraint. Biological evidence suggests that mild to moderate doses of alcohol selectively depress the a
prefrontal cortex
bond
oxidation
partial pressure
17. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.
infant mortality rate
hypovolaemic shock
hormone
hydrogen bond
18. The blood pressure that is detected during heart contractions - Which is higher than the diastolic pressure.
proxy measure
cirrhosis
mind
systolic blood pressure
19. A proteinase (protein-degrading) enzyme that catalyses (facilitates) the breakdown of elastin and other related proteins.
age-related macular degeneration
elastase
postsynaptic neuron
glaucoma
20. The number of new cases in a given period - usually a year - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population
coronary heart disease
prevalence
colour deficiency
incidence rate
21. A subunit of the scientific unit of volume - the litre. One litre can be divided into 1000 of these.
millilitres
non-communicable diseases
lower respiratory infection
diastolic blood pressure
22. Tissues that are like tendons in terms of structure but connect bones to each other (rather than bones to muscles).
LASIK
ligaments
alveolus
fovea
23. The transparent gelatinous fluid within the eyeball (between the lens and the retina).
element
vitreous humour
low vision
nerve
24. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short
mortality rate
element
body systems
primates
25. Molecules or proteins released by immune system cells in the region of an injury - infection or other damage to the tissues. They have several effects including dilation (widening) of blood vessels to increase blood supply to the region. They also at
evolutionary trade-off
inflammatory mediators
connective tissue
axon terminal
26. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver
peripheral nervous system
absorption
age-standardisation
lymph node
27. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.
cirrhosis
cognitive-behavioural therapy
child mortality rate
receptor
28. Much of the brain is divided down its midline into two halves - the left and right of this; also referred to as the 'left brain' and the 'right brain'.
agonist
antagonist
retina
cerebral hemisphere
29. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.
veins
reward
double-strand break
analgesics
30. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.
mammals
acute inflammation
erythrocyte
bacteria
31. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (
electromagnetic radiation
diaphragm
granulation tissue
agonist
32. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)
vasopressin
classical conditioning
invasive cancer
litre
33. The unit used to measure equivalent dose and effective dose (Sv).
autobiographical memory
sievert
adaptive value
media
34. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues.
hydroxyl group
colour blind
systolic blood pressure
acidosis
35. Condition in which the full range of colours cannot be clearly distinguished.
colour deficiency
atom
cancer cell
nerve
36. A subdivision of a rounded mass of tissue. For example - in the breast - this is used to describe an individual branched subsection of the mammary gland.
Snellen letter chart
dermis
central nervous system
lobule
37. That part of the nervous system that is not within the central nervous system. It is made up of nerves throughout the body.
leukocytes
urbanisation
specificity
peripheral nervous system
38. The tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs; also known as the windpipe.
ligaments
trachea
disease risk factors
psychogenic pain
39. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.
microcalcifications
SAFE
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
hypothesis
40. An aspect of a characteristic that represents an adaptive compromise between two opposing evolutionary pressures; e.g. the human pelvis represents a compromise between being narrow - Which is necessary for running at speed - and being wide - Which is
collagen
evolutionary trade-off
media
mortality
41. Persistent inflammation over long periods of time that occurs when the tissues are unable to overcome the effects of an injurious agent.
neurotransmitter
dependence
immunodeficiency
chronic inflammation
42. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.
age-standardisation
developed countries
analgesics
infant mortality rate
43. A protein that is abundant in the extracellular matrix and can form long thin fibres to provide structure to many tissues.
collagen
cognitive-behavioural therapy
craving
rods
44. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given
carcinoma
proxy measure
drainage angle
gene
45. A change in the sequences of bases in the DNA of an organism - resulting in an alteration in the manufacture or function of a body protein. Also refers to the process by which such a change in DNA sequence occurs due to the action of a mutagen - e.g.
opportunistic screening
chronic pain
mutation
chemical bond
46. A multi-disciplinary programme of care for patients with chronic respiratory conditions - Which is tailored to the individual and combines exercise and education to address all aspects of living with the condition.
biopsy
choroid
oxidation
pulmonary rehabilitation
47. An agent - such as a chemical - ultraviolet light - or a radioactive substance that can induce - or increase the frequency of - mutations in DNA.
forced vital capacity
gas pressure
mutagen
population screening
48. Characteristic signs that follow the termination of taking a drug - most usually associated with a negative mood. There can also be characteristic physiological signs associated with particular drugs - e.g. sweating and shivering.
colour blind
stem cells
withdrawal symptoms
electronegative
49. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.
vasodilation
gas pressure
osteoporosis
arterial blood gas test
50. The term given to those units of measurement that scientists all over the world have agreed to use in their publications; e.g. the second (s) - the kilogram (kg) - and the metre (m).
chronic bronchitis
extinction
SI Units
noxious stimuli