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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.
cartilage
postsynaptic neuron
forced vital capacity
mortality
2. Microbes that cause disease.
pathogens
gene
acidosis
wave
3. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.
iris
excitatory synapse
infant mortality rate
diastolic blood pressure
4. A) Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged. b) An organelle containing the genetic material - found in most animal and plant cells.
connective tissue
nucleus
optometrist
epidermis
5. A process at an interface of two media in which the direction of light is deviated within the new medium.
refraction
disinfectant
wind-up
immune system
6. A response to a stimulus or substance (such as alcohol) which occurs rapidly and produces severe - possibly life-threatening - symptoms.
hypnosis
acute effects
LASIK
mammography
7. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi
powers of ten
high-risk screening
chronic inflammation
neurogenic pain
8. For a screening procedure such as mammography - the number of true positive results expressed as a percentage of the total number of positive results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person with a positiv
spirometry
positive predictive value
gas pressure
mind
9. The junction where a neuron influences another cell - the latter being either another neuron or a muscle cell. (
capillaries
pyloric sphincter
fibrin
synapse
10. Countries that are only partly industrialised and where national wealth is below that of the developed economies (also known as low- and middle-income countries). They rely to a much greater degree than developed countries on subsistence farming - sm
force
axon terminal
ionic bonding
developing countries
11. Severe psychological shock.
binge drinking
psychological trauma
acute inflammation
fibroblast
12. A collection of neurons and other cells that is located within the protection of the backbone.
lock-and-key interaction
emphysema
spinal cord
visual disability
13. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).
convex
total lung capacity
residual volume
spirometer
14. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.
toxin
fovea
bronchus
presbyopia
15. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.
optometrist
hard problem of consciousness
binge drinking
spinal cord
16. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.
additive primary colours
gas transfer test
bond
dementia
17. Memory for events or issues related to oneself.
cellular respiration
dementia
veins
autobiographical memory
18. The structure within the eye where the iris meets the cornea - where excess aqueous humour from the front of the eye can drain.
drainage angle
absorption
psychogenic stimuli
chemical compound
19. The flow of blood back to the heart in the veins.
splint
venous return
immune system
allograft
20. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.
hormone
interneuron
capillaries
peripheral nervous system
21. Visual defects caused by imperfections in the cornea and/or lens of the eye.
refractive errors
neurogenic pain
respiratory system
attenuation coefficient
22. This term indicates alcohol's effect in inducing 'psychological short-sightedness'. Alcohol lowers the range of attention - so that immediate events take on more importance than their future consequences.
noxious stimuli
alcohol myopia
dependence
alpha-1 antitrypsin
23. A type of cell that is responsible for contraction in skeletal muscle tissue. They are long and thin and have many nuclei. (Also known as muscle fibre)
pathogens
axon terminal
homeostasis
myofibre
24. Most common type of age-related macular degeneration - in which the blood supply to the retina is reduced - resulting in gradual loss of vision.
chemical compound
endothelial cells
hyperventilate
dry AMD
25. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.
autograft
reflex
microcalcifications
cell
26. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.
fibrin
agonist
morbidity rate
atomic nucleus
27. A process in which light passes through a medium unaffected - e.g. light passing through clear glass.
coronary heart disease
transmission
osteoblasts
hypovolaemic shock
28. The new tissue formed as a wound repairs - containing tiny new blood vessels that give it a grainy appearance.
scar
electronvolt
extinction
granulation tissue
29. The system of muscles and bones and their various joints and linkages that facilitates support and movement in the body.
mortality rate
musculoskeletal system
acute condition
action potential
30. A two-dimensional map or projection of an object.
image
fibrin
partial pressure
colour blind
31. Abbreviation of a eye-surgery technique where a flap is cut in the cornea and laser treatment applied beneath.
LASIK
endocrine system
pain
cornea
32. The level of intensity of stimulation of a neuron at which it first shows activity. The term is used particularly in the context of sensory neurons.
concave
low vision
threshold of excitation
oxidation
33. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.
false positive
dementia
polyatomic ions
laser
34. The pressure exerted by a gas. It is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in a mixture of gases - e.g. oxygen - carbon dioxide - nitrogen and other gases that make up the air in the lungs.
catalyst
extinction
gas pressure
opiates
35. Diseases or disorders that develop as a result of the interaction over time of a combination of different risk factors - none of which on its own would be likely to cause the disease. These may include the inheritance of certain gene mutations from a
developed countries
peripheral nervous system
powers of ten
multifactorial disease
36. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.
stochastic
deoxygenated blood
diaphragm
sweat glands
37. A chronic - irreversible disease of the lungs characterised by loss of elastic recoil and enlarged air spaces in the lungs due to destruction of the walls of the alveoli and small airways.
psychogenic pain
cell
lens
emphysema
38. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.
absorption
arterial blood gas test
stroma
ionic bonding
39. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.
stunting
analgesics
colour blind
pulmonary hypertension
40. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t
ionising radiation
agriculture
retina
selection pressure
41. An atom that is better than other atoms at attracting electrons to itself; e.g. oxygen
electronegative
specificity
systolic blood pressure
acidosis
42. A global strategy to combat trachoma - involving eyelid surgery - antibiotic treatment - attention to facial cleanliness and environmental changes.
SAFE
grays
incidence
skeletal muscle
43. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.
cell membrane
fibrosis
craving
phantom pain
44. Disease - disorder or traumatic injury characterised by rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration - From which the patient either recovers quickly or dies (CS 1 & 6). Some chronic (long-term) conditions can have acute episodes - e.g. exacerbat
vital capacity
infant mortality rate
acute condition
lock-and-key interaction
45. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.
polymer
aqueous humour
blood-alcohol concentration
deterministic
46. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given
gene
refraction
epithelial cells
craving
47. A subunit of the scientific unit of volume - the litre. One litre can be divided into 1000 of these.
dry AMD
natural selection
millilitres
litre
48. The process of reducing pain - e.g. by taking morphine.
phagocyte
analgesia
attenuation
wet AMD
49. A measure of the real impact of a particular disease - disorder or disability on people's lives (DALY) - combining an estimate of the number of years lived with a reduced quality of life - taking into account the severity of the condition (every cond
disability adjusted life year
proteins
scatter plot
non-communicable diseases
50. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.
DNA repair protein
residual volume
extracellular matrix
bronchus