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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.
pathogens
fatty liver
residual volume
wet AMD
2. A break in one of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.
single-strand break
developed countries
chemical symbol
deoxyribonucleic acid
3. An organelle (plural: mitochondria) in the cytosol of cells where much of cellular respiration takes place (the release of usable chemical energy from molecules derived from food).
mitochondrio
arterial blood gas test
radiographer
vasodilation
4. The study of the relationship between the structure and the function of body systems.
physiology
cortex
screening
neurotransmitter
5. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi
post-traumatic stress disorder
hard problem of consciousness
brain imaging
oxygenated blood
6. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that
nephrons
natural selection
low vision
blood-alcohol concentration
7. The junction where a neuron influences another cell - the latter being either another neuron or a muscle cell. (
connective tissue
analgesia
synapse
neurotransmitter
8. A clearly stated provisional explanation for a set of observations or data - devised for the purpose of testing its validity by the collection of additional data or by conducting an experiment.
psychobiological approach
legal blindness
hypothesis
cell membrane
9. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.
double-strand break
oxidation
light ray
hyperopia
10. The level of intensity of stimulation of a neuron at which it first shows activity. The term is used particularly in the context of sensory neurons.
millilitres
splint
threshold of excitation
rods
11. The expansion of narrow blood vessels immediately beneath the skin; as they dilate they can carry more blood.
vasodilation
alcohol tolerant
psychogenic pain
peripheral nervous system
12. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.
ionisation
stress
retina
osteoclasts
13. This condition occurs when the arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle become blocked by fatty deposits known as plaques - and areas of muscle die as a result.
nociception
coronary heart disease
photon
acute pain
14. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.
laser
low vision
immune system
adaptive value
15. The ability of the brain to take information and perform informed calculations (e.g. calculating the width of a space in which to park a car).
adaptive characteristic
information processing
alcoholic liver disease
mortality data
16. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.
epidermis
synapse
ionising radiation
classical conditioning
17. A disorder of the fetus or infant caused by excessive maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy.
fetal alcohol syndrome
molecule
incubation period
pain matrix
18. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si
incubation period
electronvolt
focal length
post-traumatic stress disorder
19. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.
atmospheric pressure
infant mortality rate
water-borne infectious diseases
child mortality rate
20. The neuron that stores and releases neurotransmitter at a synapse with another neuron or a muscle cell.
allograft
cartilage
presynaptic neuron
atomic nucleus
21. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).
fulcrum
opportunistic screening
erythrocyte
residual volume
22. The process by which collagen is produced by fibroblasts following tissue damage - often resulting in scar formation.
fatty liver
tissue
fibrosis
mortality rate
23. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)
proportional morbidity
force
cellular respiration
hydroxyl group
24. The number of new cases in a given period - usually a year - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population
scar
diaphragm
incidence rate
microcalcifications
25. A tissue that covers a surface or lines a space inside the body - forming a barrier or interface across which substances are absorbed or secreted - e.g. the skin - gut lining - and various glands.
lobule
forced expiratory volume in one second
epithelial tissue
autobiographical memory
26. The share of all deaths in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.
hypnosis
proportional mortality
arterial blood gas test
axon
27. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.
conjunctivitis
vasopressin
choroid
psychological trauma
28. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.
toxicology
force
oxidation
epithelial tissue
29. A technique in which a person is placed in a particular psychological state and - in response to suggestions made by the hypnotist - can experience alterations in perception - memory and voluntary action.
hypnosis
mammals
specificity
wind-up
30. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.
affect
proxy measure
chemoreceptor
electromagnetic radiation
31. The number of individual pathogens required to cause disease in an infected person; the number varies from one infectious disease to another.
infectious dose
haemoglobin
inflammatory mediators
fracture
32. The study of the fate of chemical contaminants in the natural environment and their effects on plants - animals and ecosystems.
oxidation
postsynaptic neuron
reflex
ecotoxicology
33. A class of neuron that detects the presence of stimuli in the world - such as tactile events - heat - cold or tissue damage.
hypothesis
sensory neuron
absorption
covalent bond
34. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.
lock-and-key interaction
fetal alcohol syndrome
myopia
open fracture
35. A qualified doctor who has specialised in the diagnosis and treatment of eye conditions - and who can perform eye surgery.
ophthalmologist
radiographer
nearwork activity
neurotransmitter
36. A therapeutic technique where low-level stimulation is given to the skin and which has the effect of reducing pain (abbreviated to TENS).
chemical formula
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
total lung capacity
cast
37. The removal of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule.
closed-angle glaucoma
pulmonary hypertension
spirometer
ionisation
38. The joining of tissues to each other that may occur abnormally during repair.
homeostasis
low vision
confounding factor
adhesion
39. A fracture that occurs because the bone has been weakened through osteoporosis.
retina
bar chart
SAFE
insufficiency fracture
40. Each element has been assigned one of these - often the first letter - or two of the first letters of the name; for example - H stands for hydrogen - C for carbon - N for nitrogen - Ca for calcium and O for oxygen.
analgesics
physiology
selection pressure
chemical symbol
41. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.
autograft
neurotransmitter
arteries
fetal alcohol syndrome
42. Stimuli that are associated with actual or potential damage to body tissues.
solvent
stem cells
microcalcifications
noxious stimuli
43. To breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal.
peripheral nervous system
musculoskeletal system
leukocytes
hyperventilate
44. A system of glands (also known as ductless glands) - each of which secretes one or more hormones directly into the bloodstream. (CS 1 - 2 & 3)
opportunistic screening
endocrine system
population screening
fulcrum
45. A chemical that is stored within the axon terminal of a neuron and is released in response to electrical activity within that neuron. It passes the short distance to a neighbouring cell (neuron or muscle cell) where it binds to a neurotransmitter rec
powers of ten
neurotransmitter
conditional stimulus
stunting
46. That part of the nervous system which exerts an influence over a number of the internal organs of the body - such as the gut - heart and blood vessels. Functions without conscious intervention.
autonomic nervous system
risk factor
hydrogen bond
age-standardisation
47. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.
splint
accommodation
respiration
ecosystems
48. A sudden change in potential difference (voltage) across the cell membrane of neurons - consisting of an increase in the resting potential and a sudden return to the resting value. Transmitted along axons and constitute the principal 'language' of co
calcium ions
action potential
age-related macular degeneration
psychogenic pain
49. A graph recording breathing - Which is made with a spirometer.
osteoclasts
extinction
solvent
spirogram
50. A subdivision of a rounded mass of tissue. For example - in the breast - this is used to describe an individual branched subsection of the mammary gland.
erythrocyte
blind study
lobule
colour blind