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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.
adaptive value
evolutionary trade-off
disinfectant
trichiasis
2. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - and who actually does not have the disease.
osteoblasts
true negative
scar
hyperopia
3. A study in which the participants do not know into which group they have been allocated - e.g. whether they have received a drug or a placebo.
acidosis
blind study
lens
oxygenated blood
4. A process in which light passes through a medium unaffected - e.g. light passing through clear glass.
polymer
transmission
vital capacity
amygdale
5. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou
screening
contagious
chronic inflammation
negative feedback
6. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.
wet AMD
pain matrix
DNA repair protein
conditional stimulus
7. Fuel derived from plant matter or animal waste - e.g. wood - straw - dried animal dung.
fatty liver
psychobiological approach
incidence
biomass fuel
8. A graft where the donor tissue comes from another person (as opposed to an autograft where it comes from the same person).
hypothesis
allograft
Snellen letter chart
hepatitis
9. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.
systolic blood pressure
hydroxyl group
psychobiological approach
bronchus
10. An alternative way of modelling the energy from an electromagnetic wave; small packets of energy and the energy of each depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.
photon
toxicology
psychogenic stimuli
classical conditioning
11. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.
alcoholic poisoning
threshold of excitation
information processing
true positive
12. The ability of the brain to take information and perform informed calculations (e.g. calculating the width of a space in which to park a car).
psychogenic pain
information processing
collagen
negative feedback
13. A reduction in the number of photons passing through a material. It is caused by both absorption and scattering.
attenuation
blood-alcohol concentration
incubation period
granulation tissue
14. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.
infant mortality rate
gas pressure
systolic blood pressure
spirometer
15. A process at an interface of two media in which light is returned into the original medium without transmission or absorption.
polymer
cognitive-behavioural therapy
epithelial cells
reflection
16. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.
carcinoma
drainage angle
elastase
hypoxia
17. The process of breaking down foods in the body into the molecules needed to maintain life.
point-of-use' strategy
negative feedback
opportunistic screening
metabolism
18. Matter formed from saliva mixed with mucus and any foreign material such as dust - Which is coughed up (expectorated) from the lower respiratory tract and usually ejected from the mouth.
period
calcium ions
osteoblasts
sputum
19. Immobilisation of a broken bone using something rigid.
splint
opportunistic screening
lock-and-key interaction
polyatomic ions
20. A difficult and controversial term to define - in spite of its everyday use. It describes all the information processing carried out by the brain.
gas pressure
organ
mind
convex
21. Disease - disorder or traumatic injury characterised by rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration - From which the patient either recovers quickly or dies (CS 1 & 6). Some chronic (long-term) conditions can have acute episodes - e.g. exacerbat
mortality data
neutron
acute condition
pupil
22. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.
epidemiology
veins
sievert
hydroxyl group
23. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short
chronic condition
cognitive-behavioural therapy
referred pain
primates
24. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.
mortality data
excitatory synapse
hypovolaemic shock
litre
25. A substance composed of positively and negatively charged ions - held together by the electrical attraction between opposite charges. Salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) - in which the ions are organised in a regular crystal lattice - are this.
developed countries
double-strand break
cortex
ionic compound
26. A clearly stated provisional explanation for a set of observations or data - devised for the purpose of testing its validity by the collection of additional data or by conducting an experiment.
neurotransmitter
compact bone
hypothesis
pyloric sphincter
27. The use of a spirometer to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.
conditional stimulus
spirometry
psychological trauma
relative risk
28. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.
plasticity
nociceptive pain
grays
addiction
29. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that
hormone
cornea
pupil
natural selection
30. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a body - or a quantity of liquid - by 1 A
single-strand break
oxygenated blood
inspiration
heat capacity
31. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the
refractive errors
gate theory
atom
veins
32. A protein that is abundant in the extracellular matrix and can form long thin fibres to provide structure to many tissues.
mitochondrio
collagen
residual volume
autobiographical memory
33. A technique in which a person is placed in a particular psychological state and - in response to suggestions made by the hypnotist - can experience alterations in perception - memory and voluntary action.
hypnosis
psychological trauma
venous return
veins
34. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver
peripheral nervous system
traumatic injury
hepatitis
age-standardisation
35. Cells that can divide to produce daughter cells - which can then differentiate to become any of a range of different cell types.
additive primary colours
stem cells
astigmatism
excitatory synapse
36. A condition in which the conjunctiva is inflamed.
malignant cancer
axon
conjunctivitis
fibrosis
37. The system of organs and structures in which gas exchange takes place. In mammals it consists of the airways - the lungs and the muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
adaptive characteristic
respiratory system
arteries
psychobiological approach
38. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.
stunting
plasticity
transpiration
osteoporosis
39. The term given to those units of measurement that scientists all over the world have agreed to use in their publications; e.g. the second (s) - the kilogram (kg) - and the metre (m).
myopia
SI Units
opportunistic screening
attenuation coefficient
40. A form of notation (also known as 'scientific notation') used for expressing very large or very small numbers.
powers of ten
water-borne infectious diseases
stunting
microcalcifications
41. Inflammation with a rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration.
macula lutea
diabetic retinopathy
acute inflammation
spirometer
42. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it
ligaments
classical conditioning
tendons
non-communicable diseases
43. The separation of waste products from the blood.
mutation
carcinoma
rods
excretion
44. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.
ecotoxicology
hypoxia
gas pressure
chemoreceptor
45. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.
organ
chemical bond
neuron
rods
46. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi
emphysema
epithelial tissue
peripheral nervous system
high-risk screening
47. A measure of the amount of energy from ionising radiation absorbed per kilogram of tissue. It is measured in units of grays where 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram.
absorbed dose
reflection
cornea
trichromacy
48. The process of urban development - i.e. of towns and cities - and the movement of an increasing proportion of a country's population from rural to urban environments.
prevalence
mind
allograft
urbanisation
49. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.
bacteria
stroma
allograft
opportunistic screening
50. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.
cell membrane
stem cells
pH scale
respiratory system