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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A gradual change in about 10% of chronic heavy drinkers whereby liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.






2. An eye care professional who makes spectacles or contact lenses and advises on suitable frames or lens choices.






3. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.






4. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short






5. The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.






6. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.






7. A two-dimensional map or projection of an object.






8. That part of the nervous system that exerts control over the skeletal muscles and thereby over behaviour.






9. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.






10. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.






11. A property of the body in which a number of its important parameters are held near to constant and any deviation from their normal value triggers action that tends to restore normality. It is exemplified by the maintenance of body temperature - or of






12. The tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs; also known as the windpipe.






13. Number of new cases of a condition diagnosed in a population in a given period - usually one year.






14. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).






15. A condition in which the cornea is irregularly curved.






16. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.






17. An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience traditionally associated with actual or potential tissue damage and which normally is felt to arise in a particular location in the body. The term can also be used to refer to experiences triggered by so






18. Substances in which an interaction or reaction occurs - or in which an event takes place - or chemicals or objects are transported or supported - e.g. a medium through which a wave is transmitted in the refraction of light.






19. A protein that is abundant in the extracellular matrix and can form long thin fibres to provide structure to many tissues.






20. The behaviour of electromagnetic radiation cannot be adequately described in all situations by any one model. In some situations the wave model is appropriate - in others the particle model - which describes the radiation as photons - must be used.






21. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.






22. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.






23. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va






24. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.






25. Bonding Which is due to the electrical attraction of equal and opposite electrical charges and which holds the ions in salt crystals together.






26. The problem of trying to explain how the subjective feelings of consciousness arise from the physical matter of the brain.






27. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.






28. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.






29. The part of a neuron that consists of a long wire-like projection - ending in a terminal which participates in a synapse with another cell. Action potentials are transmitted along these.






30. Deliberately deciding never to drink alcohol.






31. The study of the relationship between the structure and the function of body systems.






32. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.






33. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






34. A measure of how well a person sees - determined by the minimum distance at which two lines (or points) can be distinguished at a test distance.






35. A multi-disciplinary programme of care for patients with chronic respiratory conditions - Which is tailored to the individual and combines exercise and education to address all aspects of living with the condition.






36. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.






37. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.






38. This term indicates alcohol's effect in inducing 'psychological short-sightedness'. Alcohol lowers the range of attention - so that immediate events take on more importance than their future consequences.






39. A method of purifying water - e.g. filtering - that involves individual people treating water as they use it - rather than having purified water delivered to them from a remote water-treatment plant in pipes.

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40. The junction where a neuron influences another cell - the latter being either another neuron or a muscle cell. (






41. The smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element. Made up of a positively charged atomic nucleus - containing protons and neutrons - surrounded by negatively charged electrons.






42. A technique in which a person is placed in a particular psychological state and - in response to suggestions made by the hypnotist - can experience alterations in perception - memory and voluntary action.






43. A measure of the amount of energy from ionising radiation absorbed per kilogram of tissue. It is measured in units of grays where 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram.






44. A system of glands (also known as ductless glands) - each of which secretes one or more hormones directly into the bloodstream. (CS 1 - 2 & 3)






45. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level






46. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






47. A visual impairment in which the lens of the eye loses transparency and exhibits reduced light transmission.






48. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.






49. The size and direction of a push or pull.






50. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.