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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Haemoglobin bound to oxygen molecules. Transports oxygen from blood vessels in the lungs to the cells in the rest of the body.






2. A chemical that is stored within the axon terminal of a neuron and is released in response to electrical activity within that neuron. It passes the short distance to a neighbouring cell (neuron or muscle cell) where it binds to a neurotransmitter rec






3. Optimal corrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 - i.e. wearing optimal correcting lenses - the individual can distinguish letters on a test chart at 6 metres that a person with normal vision could read at 18 metres






4. The eye chart used to determine how well a person can see at various distances. Named after a 19th-century Dutch ophthalmologist Hermann Snellen (1834-1908) who devised a test for visual acuity.






5. Particulates suspended in air that are less than 10 micrometres in diameter.






6. Disease or disorder that often has a gradual onset - involves slowly changing symptoms and lasts for a long time.






7. The removal of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule.






8. A group of steroid hormones produced mainly by the ovaries (some are also produced by fat deposits in the body) - which are responsible for promoting the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics.






9. An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.(






10. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.






11. A test that evaluates how well the lungs work; also known as a pulmonary function test.






12. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.






13. Countries that are only partly industrialised and where national wealth is below that of the developed economies (also known as low- and middle-income countries). They rely to a much greater degree than developed countries on subsistence farming - sm






14. A measure of how well a person sees - determined by the minimum distance at which two lines (or points) can be distinguished at a test distance.






15. The experience of being in an unpleasant situation - over a period of days - weeks or longer - in which one is unable to exert control over circumstances which are not of one's choosing. The coping resources necessary to meet the demands of this unpl






16. The process of breaking down foods in the body into the molecules needed to maintain life.






17. The tissue that forms following healing - Which is not the same in structure as the original tissue.






18. An atom that is better than other atoms at attracting electrons to itself; e.g. oxygen






19. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.






20. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level






21. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.






22. Immobilisation of a broken bone using something rigid.






23. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.






24. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.






25. A measure of the real impact of a particular disease - disorder or disability on people's lives (DALY) - combining an estimate of the number of years lived with a reduced quality of life - taking into account the severity of the condition (every cond






26. A class of neurons that convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles.






27. A molecule that has both negatively and positively charged regions.






28. A measure of the refracting power of a lens. Calculated as: 1 / focal length of the lens (in metres). The unit used is dioptres (symbol D). The power of a convex lens is positive; for a concave lens it is negative.






29. A group of primates - to which modern humans belong - characterised by upright posture and a very large brain in relation to body size.






30. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.






31. Visual defects caused by imperfections in the cornea and/or lens of the eye.






32. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.






33. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.






34. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil






35. The system of muscles and bones and their various joints and linkages that facilitates support and movement in the body.






36. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






37. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.






38. The blood pressure that is detected between heart contractions (lower than the systolic blood pressure).






39. The size and direction of a push or pull.






40. This refers to a random effect of ionising radiation. There is no radiation threshold at which the effect inevitably occurs - but the probability of an effect occurring increases with the amount of radiation received.






41. Degenerative disease of the retina that results in loss of vision in the centre of the visual field. It is caused by an impaired blood supply to the macula. This condition is usually associated with ageing.






42. Diseases in which the pathogen causing the disease lives part of its life cycle in water; e.g. cholera - cryptosporidiosis.






43. The release of water vapour by plants.






44. An agent - such as a chemical - ultraviolet light - or a radioactive substance that can induce - or increase the frequency of - mutations in DNA.






45. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled at each breath when resting (abbreviated to TV).






46. A medically qualified person who has chosen to specialise in clinical radiology - the use of imaging to diagnose - treat and monitor various disease processes.






47. A condition in which the optic nerve becomes damaged - usually because the pressure of fluid within the eye becomes too high - leading to a progressive loss of vision.






48. Any fracture where the overlying skin is broken.






49. A disorder of the fetus or infant caused by excessive maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy.






50. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.