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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The number of cases of a disease - disorder or disability in a population - relative to the total number of people at risk of developing it; usually expressed as the number of cases per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






2. Diseases or disorders that develop as a result of the interaction over time of a combination of different risk factors - none of which on its own would be likely to cause the disease. These may include the inheritance of certain gene mutations from a






3. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(






4. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a body - or a quantity of liquid - by 1 A






5. A measure of the real impact of a particular disease - disorder or disability on people's lives (DALY) - combining an estimate of the number of years lived with a reduced quality of life - taking into account the severity of the condition (every cond






6. A method for determining the efficiency of gas transfer between the lungs and the pulmonary blood capillaries.






7. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.






8. Negatively charged particle of almost no mass that surround the nucleus of an atom.






9. Gradual changes that occur slowly over time and may be irreversible - often in response to repeated exposure to a stimulus or toxic substance (e.g. alcohol).






10. A clearly stated provisional explanation for a set of observations or data - devised for the purpose of testing its validity by the collection of additional data or by conducting an experiment.






11. The total volume of gas contained in the lungs after a full inspiration (it is equal to vital capacity plus residual volume). (Abbreviated to TLC)






12. Distance between one peak of a wave and the next peak - measured in metres (m).






13. The cells associated with peripheral neurons that wrap themselves around the axons.






14. The standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; it has the symbol l.






15. Damage to the retina due to the abnormal blood flow that may develop in people with diabetes.






16. Deliberately deciding never to drink alcohol.






17. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






18. A condition in which the optic nerve becomes damaged - usually because the pressure of fluid within the eye becomes too high - leading to a progressive loss of vision.






19. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






20. Injury causing physical damage to the body.






21. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. It consists only of the atoms characteristic - e.g. hydrogen (H) - oxygen (O) - nitrogen (N) - sodium (Na) - chlorine (Cl) - mercury (Hg). There are 92 naturally oc






22. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.






23. The mechanisms in the nervous system underlying an automatic and unconscious reaction to a particular stimulus - i.e. a reaction that cannot be controlled by will-power.






24. The total amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs - abbreviated to FVC.






25. The dimension of positive and negative feelings - exemplified by - respectively - happiness and pain.






26. A visual impairment that interferes with day-to-day functions that an affected person considers to be normal.






27. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).






28. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






29. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.






30. A graft where the donor tissue comes from the same person (as opposed to an allograft where it comes from another person).






31. The release of water vapour by plants.






32. Cells that can divide to produce daughter cells - which can then differentiate to become any of a range of different cell types.






33. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.






34. Any fracture where the skin has not been broken.






35. This condition occurs when the arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle become blocked by fatty deposits known as plaques - and areas of muscle die as a result.






36. The behaviour of electromagnetic radiation cannot be adequately described in all situations by any one model. In some situations the wave model is appropriate - in others the particle model - which describes the radiation as photons - must be used.






37. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t






38. The neuron that has receptors for the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron at the junction (synapse) between these adjacent cells.






39. The process of urban development - i.e. of towns and cities - and the movement of an increasing proportion of a country's population from rural to urban environments.






40. An atom of hydrogen and an atom of oxygen bonded together - Which is bonded to an organic molecule; can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules.






41. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.






42. The smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element. Made up of a positively charged atomic nucleus - containing protons and neutrons - surrounded by negatively charged electrons.






43. Optimal corrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 - i.e. wearing optimal correcting lenses - the individual can distinguish letters on a test chart at 6 metres that a person with normal vision could read at 18 metres






44. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl






45. The blood pressure that is detected during heart contractions - Which is higher than the diastolic pressure.






46. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou






47. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.






48. The energy needed to break a bond between two atoms.






49. The type of bone that is less dense (compared with compact bone) and contains struts (trabeculae) to provide strength. It is found within the widened areas inside the ends of the bones.






50. An inflammation of the liver which can vary in severity.