Test your basic knowledge |

Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Vital to many chemical reactions in the body. Crystals containing these form an important part of the structure of bones.






2. The curved transparent layer that covers the front part of the eye. This (together with the lens) refracts light to form of an image on the retina - as well as protecting the eye from frontal damage.






3. Structures in the kidney that filter the blood and produce the urine.






4. The expansion of narrow blood vessels immediately beneath the skin; as they dilate they can carry more blood.






5. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.






6. The thinnest blood vessels.






7. Memory for events or issues related to oneself.






8. A type of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in which new blood vessels form in an attempt to restore the blood supply to the retina. The new vessels are fragile - and may leak blood into the eye.






9. A factor that strengthens a tendency to engage in a particular behaviour.






10. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.






11. The yellow central area of the retina containing the fovea.






12. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t






13. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(






14. A chemical that has the effect of blocking the action of a natural substance such as a neurochemical. (






15. An estimate of the probability of developing a particular disease or disorder in a population that has been exposed to a particular risk factor - relative to the probability of developing the condition if the risk factor was not present.






16. The structure within the eye where the iris meets the cornea - where excess aqueous humour from the front of the eye can drain.






17. An alternative way of modelling the energy from an electromagnetic wave; small packets of energy and the energy of each depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.






18. Persistent inflammation over long periods of time that occurs when the tissues are unable to overcome the effects of an injurious agent.






19. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.






20. An organelle (plural: mitochondria) in the cytosol of cells where much of cellular respiration takes place (the release of usable chemical energy from molecules derived from food).






21. A lens shape with a greater thickness at the centre than at each end.






22. The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would exert if it were alone in a container.






23. Diseases in which the pathogen causing the disease lives part of its life cycle in water; e.g. cholera - cryptosporidiosis.






24. Most common type of age-related macular degeneration - in which the blood supply to the retina is reduced - resulting in gradual loss of vision.






25. The study of the relationship between the structure and the function of body systems.






26. The visual condition of long-sightedness in which images of nearby objects cannot be focused sharply.






27. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.






28. A subunit of the scientific unit of volume - the litre. One litre can be divided into 1000 of these.






29. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.






30. The most common type of glaucoma - caused by a partial blockage of trabeculae - which reduces the rate at which the aqueous fluid can drain away from the eye and thus leads to a build up of intraocular pressure.






31. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.






32. A proteinase (protein-degrading) enzyme that catalyses (facilitates) the breakdown of elastin and other related proteins.






33. Colours on opposite sides of the colour circle.






34. The blood pressure that is detected during heart contractions - Which is higher than the diastolic pressure.






35. A process at an interface of two media in which the direction of light is deviated within the new medium.






36. The joining of tissues to each other that may occur abnormally during repair.






37. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t






38. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va






39. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






40. Any fracture where the overlying skin is broken.






41. A clearly stated provisional explanation for a set of observations or data - devised for the purpose of testing its validity by the collection of additional data or by conducting an experiment.






42. A very long macromolecule found in the cell nucleus - abbreviated to DNA. It is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics through the generations in all organisms. The genetic information is carried






43. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






44. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.






45. A class of neuron that detects the presence of stimuli in the world - such as tactile events - heat - cold or tissue damage.






46. Any factor Which is statistically associated with a particular outcome (e.g. the incidence of a disease) - but Which is not involved in its causation. The association can disguise the true cause (or causes) of the outcome.






47. The amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs in the first second of expiration - abbreviated to FEV1.






48. The systematic application of a test or investigation to people who have not sought medical attention - in order to identify those whose risk of developing a particular disease is sufficient to justify further action.






49. Severe psychological shock.






50. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled at each breath when resting (abbreviated to TV).