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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical that has the effect of blocking the action of a natural substance such as a neurochemical. (
fulcrum
cartilage
spirometry
antagonist
2. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.
extinction
colour blind
reward
acute pain
3. The curved transparent layer that covers the front part of the eye. This (together with the lens) refracts light to form of an image on the retina - as well as protecting the eye from frontal damage.
neuron
developed countries
cornea
acute condition
4. A gradual change in about 10% of chronic heavy drinkers whereby liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.
cirrhosis
atomic nucleus
principal focal point
complementary colours
5. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.
wave-particle duality
aqueous humour
particulates
disability adjusted life year
6. The level of intensity of stimulation of a neuron at which it first shows activity. The term is used particularly in the context of sensory neurons.
hydroxyl group
diarrhoeal diseases
high-risk screening
threshold of excitation
7. Condition in which the full range of colours cannot be clearly distinguished.
inflammation
colour deficiency
phagocyte
binge drinking
8. Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person (also known as 'non-infectious diseases' or 'chronic conditions' or 'long-term conditions'); they mainly develop slowly over time and persist for a long period - or are irreversible; e.g. canc
non-communicable diseases
morbidity
vacuum
insufficiency fracture
9. The organelles found inside myofibres that run the length of the cell and cause contraction.
myofibrils
principal focal point
optical power
musculoskeletal system
10. The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
laser
central nervous system
acute effects
motor neuron
11. Deliberately deciding never to drink alcohol.
hydroxyl group
abstinence
ligaments
hominids
12. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.
epinephrine
molecule
expiration
closed fracture
13. An excessive engagement in an activity despite negative consequences and a dependence upon the activity such that when access is denied - craving and withdrawal symptoms are seen. Most usually refers to dependency on a chemical substance but need not
rods
fracture
nucleus
addiction
14. A class of neuron that detects the presence of stimuli in the world - such as tactile events - heat - cold or tissue damage.
respiratory system
conditional stimulus
sensory neuron
deoxygenated blood
15. A molecule that has both negatively and positively charged regions.
blood pressure
element
partial pressure
polar molecule
16. Substances in which an interaction or reaction occurs - or in which an event takes place - or chemicals or objects are transported or supported - e.g. a medium through which a wave is transmitted in the refraction of light.
media
excretion
blind study
proteins
17. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t
visual disability
population screening
stem cells
hormone
18. A group of primates - to which modern humans belong - characterised by upright posture and a very large brain in relation to body size.
media
hominids
neuron
primates
19. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of two electrons - one from each atom at either end of the bond.
dementia
coronary heart disease
single bond
chemical symbol
20. Pain that arises from tissue damage in one part of the body - but Which is felt to be arising in a different part of the body. It is said to be 'referred to' a part that is not damaged.
referred pain
complementary colours
hyperventilate
agriculture
21. The process of breaking down foods in the body into the molecules needed to maintain life.
connective tissue
attenuation
ionisation
metabolism
22. A response to a stimulus or substance (such as alcohol) which occurs rapidly and produces severe - possibly life-threatening - symptoms.
acute effects
glaucoma
excretion
invasive cancer
23. The process by which collagen is produced by fibroblasts following tissue damage - often resulting in scar formation.
non-communicable diseases
absorption
microbes
fibrosis
24. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi
collagen
attenuation
diaphragm
brain imaging
25. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.
closed-angle glaucoma
fibrin
amygdale
pupil
26. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level
epidemic
non-communicable diseases
hypothesis
polymer
27. Microbes living in and around us - most of which are harmless or beneficial but some of which can cause disease.
iris
chemical compound
accommodation
bacteria
28. Damage to the retina due to the abnormal blood flow that may develop in people with diabetes.
excitatory synapse
wave
diabetic retinopathy
forced expiratory volume in one second
29. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.
elastase
choroid
cornea
excretion
30. The process of urban development - i.e. of towns and cities - and the movement of an increasing proportion of a country's population from rural to urban environments.
central nervous system
binge drinking
urbanisation
inhibitory synapse
31. A chemical that reduces microbial contamination of water - surfaces - etc.
collagen
gas transfer test
infectious dose
disinfectant
32. The type of bone that is less dense (compared with compact bone) and contains struts (trabeculae) to provide strength. It is found within the widened areas inside the ends of the bones.
polyatomic ions
glaucoma
cancellous
side-effects
33. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.
laser
forced vital capacity
acute condition
tendons
34. A condition in which a person exceeds a certain threshold for the proportion of body weight that consists of fat. In most assessments based on body mass index - a BMI of greater than 30 is defined as clinically obese.
obesity
expiration
PM10
osteoclasts
35. The transparent gelatinous fluid within the eyeball (between the lens and the retina).
stunting
SAFE
vitreous humour
hydroxyl group
36. Often abbreviated to 'risk factors'; anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different population
chemical formula
disease risk factors
heat capacity
microbes
37. The problem of trying to explain how the subjective feelings of consciousness arise from the physical matter of the brain.
population screening
hard problem of consciousness
fovea
pulse oximetry
38. Leading global causes of visual impairment that have been identified by the WHO's Vision 2020 project as targets that can be prevented or treated. They include refractive errors and low vision - cataract - glaucoma - AMD - diabetic retinopathy and tr
mammals
vacuum
priority eye diseases
bond
39. A group of steroid hormones produced mainly by the ovaries (some are also produced by fat deposits in the body) - which are responsible for promoting the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics.
proxy measure
amygdale
cancellous
oestrogens
40. The smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element. Made up of a positively charged atomic nucleus - containing protons and neutrons - surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
myopia
deoxygenated blood
extracellular matrix
atom
41. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.
optometrist
low vision
epidermis
morbidity
42. A factor that strengthens a tendency to engage in a particular behaviour.
cardiovascular system
skeletal muscle
stroma
reinforcer
43. A very long macromolecule found in the cell nucleus - abbreviated to DNA. It is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics through the generations in all organisms. The genetic information is carried
fracture
side-effects
opiates
deoxyribonucleic acid
44. Severe psychological shock.
mammals
true negative
bond dissociation energy
psychological trauma
45. A protein produced in the liver that circulates around the body and blocks the destructive effects of certain proteinase enzymes such as elastase.
alpha-1 antitrypsin
dependence
side-effects
covalent bond
46. The spread of malignant - cancerous cells to other parts of the body by way of the blood or lymph vessels.
mitochondrio
psychogenic stimuli
disability adjusted life year
metastasis
47. A condition in which the optic nerve becomes damaged - usually because the pressure of fluid within the eye becomes too high - leading to a progressive loss of vision.
glaucoma
ligaments
bronchus
homeostasis
48. A measure of the real impact of a particular disease - disorder or disability on people's lives (DALY) - combining an estimate of the number of years lived with a reduced quality of life - taking into account the severity of the condition (every cond
axon terminal
adaptive characteristic
spirometry
disability adjusted life year
49. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.
priority eye diseases
autobiographical memory
litre
tissue
50. That part of the nervous system that exerts control over the skeletal muscles and thereby over behaviour.
somatic nervous system
pyloric sphincter
chemical bond
presynaptic neuron