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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Radiation which can cause ionisation. From the electromagnetic spectrum this includes gamma rays - X-rays and some high-energy ultraviolet radiation.
nociception
infant mortality rate
ionising radiation
epidermis
2. A process at an interface of two media in which the direction of light is deviated within the new medium.
false negative
developed countries
refraction
pathogens
3. Damage to the retina due to the abnormal blood flow that may develop in people with diabetes.
mortality data
chronic effects
diabetic retinopathy
polymer
4. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.
peripheral nervous system
negative feedback
connective tissue
polymer
5. A constantly repeating variation of some quantity that transfers energy from one position in a medium to another.
toxicology
wave
spirometry
chronic effects
6. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl
fracture
chemical symbol
risk factor
concave
7. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.
macula lutea
arterial blood gas test
cell membrane
spirogram
8. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.
alcoholic poisoning
hormone
wave-particle duality
capillaries
9. Building replacement tissues to aid repair following damage.
confounding factor
astigmatism
tissue engineering
referred pain
10. An agent - such as a chemical - ultraviolet light - or a radioactive substance that can induce - or increase the frequency of - mutations in DNA.
subjective experience
centilitre
mutagen
tidal volume
11. A class of neuron that is neither sensory nor motor.
conjunctivitis
vital capacity
myofibrils
interneuron
12. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (
agonist
grays
regenerative medicine
addiction
13. The system of muscles and bones and their various joints and linkages that facilitates support and movement in the body.
side-effects
musculoskeletal system
adhesion
subjective experience
14. The need to drink much more than in the past to achieve the same effect.
alcohol tolerant
cognition
hydrogen bond
radiographer
15. The dimension of positive and negative feelings - exemplified by - respectively - happiness and pain.
water-borne infectious diseases
affect
alpha-1 antitrypsin
photorefractive keratectomy
16. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - but who actually does not have the disease.
false positive
electromagnetic radiation
disease risk factors
visual disability
17. A painful eye condition caused by repeated infections with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis .
trachoma
optometrist
lung function test
attenuation coefficient
18. Diseases in which the pathogen causing the disease lives part of its life cycle in water; e.g. cholera - cryptosporidiosis.
population age-structures
placebo effect
developed countries
water-borne infectious diseases
19. A chemical that reduces microbial contamination of water - surfaces - etc.
partial pressure
fovea
disease risk factors
disinfectant
20. A class of natural neurotransmitters that have a similar structure and action to morphine and heroin.
sensory neuron
hard problem of consciousness
opioid
spectrum
21. A change in the sequences of bases in the DNA of an organism - resulting in an alteration in the manufacture or function of a body protein. Also refers to the process by which such a change in DNA sequence occurs due to the action of a mutagen - e.g.
mutation
expiration
principal focal point
myopia
22. Death.
mortality
incidence
abstinence
tissue
23. Matter formed from saliva mixed with mucus and any foreign material such as dust - Which is coughed up (expectorated) from the lower respiratory tract and usually ejected from the mouth.
hyperventilate
sputum
biomass fuel
tissue engineering
24. A subunit of the litre - the standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; there are 100 of these in a litre.
centilitre
epidermis
spirometry
astigmatism
25. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.
cartilage
prefrontal cortex
protons
incidence rate
26. A hormone secreted by the suprarenal gland (formerly the adrenal gland) upon stimulation by the central nervous system in response to stress - anger - fear or exertion. It has many effects on the body - e.g. increasing heart rate and output. Also kno
epinephrine
spinal cord
endothelial cells
expiration
27. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.
wave-particle duality
atomic nucleus
laser
focal length
28. Microbes that cause disease.
malignant cancer
subjective experience
inflammatory mediators
pathogens
29. A difficult and controversial term to define - in spite of its everyday use. It describes all the information processing carried out by the brain.
ionic bonding
mind
endothelial cells
chronic condition
30. This term indicates alcohol's effect in inducing 'psychological short-sightedness'. Alcohol lowers the range of attention - so that immediate events take on more importance than their future consequences.
epidermis
non-communicable diseases
threshold of excitation
alcohol myopia
31. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.
diastolic blood pressure
stem cells
atomic nucleus
amygdale
32. A multi-disciplinary programme of care for patients with chronic respiratory conditions - Which is tailored to the individual and combines exercise and education to address all aspects of living with the condition.
pulmonary rehabilitation
xenobiotic
respiratory centres
cortex
33. Degenerative disease of the retina that results in loss of vision in the centre of the visual field. It is caused by an impaired blood supply to the macula. This condition is usually associated with ageing.
analgesics
age-related macular degeneration
trichiasis
screening
34. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).
ecosystems
mind
chronic condition
regenerative medicine
35. A simple way of presenting numerical data visually - so as to emphasise the relative size of different numbers. May be arranged vertically or horizontally.
media
centilitre
radiologist
bar chart
36. A scale from 0 to 14 describing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution - where 7 is neutral - greater than 7 is more basic (alkaline) and less than 7 is more acidic.
interneuron
pH scale
presynaptic neuron
adaptive characteristic
37. A) A transparent and flexible convex structure behind the iris that (together with the cornea) refracts light. b) A transparent object - usually made of glass or plastic - that refracts light. Found in spectacles - magnifying glasses and microscopes.
oestrogens
polar molecule
period
lens
38. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.
population age-structures
incidence
low vision
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
39. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.
cancer cell
neurogenic pain
excitatory synapse
chemoreceptor
40. A small group of atoms bonded together which carry an overall electrical charge; e.g. the bicarbonate ion and the nitrate ion.
atomic nucleus
vasopressin
morbidity rate
polyatomic ions
41. The energy needed to break a bond between two atoms.
hyperopia
bond dissociation energy
closed-angle glaucoma
alcoholic poisoning
42. Over time - a need for an increasing amount of drug to obtain the same level of effect - e.g. the amount of alcohol required to produce intoxication.
tolerance
bioaccumulation
low vision
action potential
43. The flow of blood back to the heart in the veins.
glaucoma
optometrist
venous return
referred pain
44. The type of blood cell that transports oxygen; also known as a red blood cell.
erythrocyte
nucleus
splint
ionising radiation
45. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.
point-of-use' strategy
pupil
cardiovascular system
reward
46. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.
synapse
fovea
brain imaging
levers
47. Blood that contains a high level of oxygen and in which most of the haemoglobin has been converted into oxyhaemoglobin by bonding to oxygen.
neuron
oxygenated blood
bipedality
osteoblasts
48. The number of deaths in a population - either from all causes combined or from a specific cause - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) people in the population.
mortality rate
opportunistic screening
negative predictive value
principal focal point
49. A group of steroid hormones produced mainly by the ovaries (some are also produced by fat deposits in the body) - which are responsible for promoting the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics.
collagen
mortality data
contagious
oestrogens
50. A lens shape with a greater thickness at each end than through the centre.
psychogenic stimuli
refractive errors
concave
optical power