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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.






2. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - and who actually does not have the disease.






3. A study in which the participants do not know into which group they have been allocated - e.g. whether they have received a drug or a placebo.






4. A process in which light passes through a medium unaffected - e.g. light passing through clear glass.






5. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou






6. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.






7. Fuel derived from plant matter or animal waste - e.g. wood - straw - dried animal dung.






8. A graft where the donor tissue comes from another person (as opposed to an autograft where it comes from the same person).






9. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.






10. An alternative way of modelling the energy from an electromagnetic wave; small packets of energy and the energy of each depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.






11. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.






12. The ability of the brain to take information and perform informed calculations (e.g. calculating the width of a space in which to park a car).






13. A reduction in the number of photons passing through a material. It is caused by both absorption and scattering.






14. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.






15. A process at an interface of two media in which light is returned into the original medium without transmission or absorption.






16. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.






17. The process of breaking down foods in the body into the molecules needed to maintain life.






18. Matter formed from saliva mixed with mucus and any foreign material such as dust - Which is coughed up (expectorated) from the lower respiratory tract and usually ejected from the mouth.






19. Immobilisation of a broken bone using something rigid.






20. A difficult and controversial term to define - in spite of its everyday use. It describes all the information processing carried out by the brain.






21. Disease - disorder or traumatic injury characterised by rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration - From which the patient either recovers quickly or dies (CS 1 & 6). Some chronic (long-term) conditions can have acute episodes - e.g. exacerbat






22. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.






23. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short






24. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.






25. A substance composed of positively and negatively charged ions - held together by the electrical attraction between opposite charges. Salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) - in which the ions are organised in a regular crystal lattice - are this.






26. A clearly stated provisional explanation for a set of observations or data - devised for the purpose of testing its validity by the collection of additional data or by conducting an experiment.






27. The use of a spirometer to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.






28. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.






29. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that






30. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a body - or a quantity of liquid - by 1 A






31. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the






32. A protein that is abundant in the extracellular matrix and can form long thin fibres to provide structure to many tissues.






33. A technique in which a person is placed in a particular psychological state and - in response to suggestions made by the hypnotist - can experience alterations in perception - memory and voluntary action.






34. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver






35. Cells that can divide to produce daughter cells - which can then differentiate to become any of a range of different cell types.






36. A condition in which the conjunctiva is inflamed.






37. The system of organs and structures in which gas exchange takes place. In mammals it consists of the airways - the lungs and the muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.






38. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.






39. The term given to those units of measurement that scientists all over the world have agreed to use in their publications; e.g. the second (s) - the kilogram (kg) - and the metre (m).






40. A form of notation (also known as 'scientific notation') used for expressing very large or very small numbers.






41. Inflammation with a rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration.






42. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it






43. The separation of waste products from the blood.






44. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.






45. The electrical forces holding two atoms together.






46. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi






47. A measure of the amount of energy from ionising radiation absorbed per kilogram of tissue. It is measured in units of grays where 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram.






48. The process of urban development - i.e. of towns and cities - and the movement of an increasing proportion of a country's population from rural to urban environments.






49. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.






50. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.