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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.
osteoporosis
bronchus
chemical formula
emphysema
2. An atom of hydrogen and an atom of oxygen bonded together - Which is bonded to an organic molecule; can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules.
fibroblast
obesity
bronchodilator
hydroxyl group
3. A) A process in which the photon energy is captured by a medium - without transmission or reflection. b) The process by which the molecules released from digested food pass through the wall of the gut and into the surrounding blood vessels.
absorption
millilitres
structural formula
trachea
4. The type of bone (sometimes called compact) that is more dense (compared with cancellous bone) and very strong. It is found in the parts of the bone that need to withstand the largest forces.
cancer cell
compact bone
spirometer
trachoma
5. A test that measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in a sample of blood from an artery - e.g. in the wrist. Used to evaluate the efficiency of gas exchange between the blood and the lungs.
fatty liver
enzyme
effective dose
arterial blood gas test
6. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.
fovea
epinephrine
fulcrum
partial pressure
7. A response to a stimulus or substance (such as alcohol) which occurs rapidly and produces severe - possibly life-threatening - symptoms.
alcoholic poisoning
acute effects
immunodeficiency
double bond
8. Qualified to employ a range of equipment such as X-rays - MRI scanners - etc. to produce images to diagnose an injury or disease. They will then have undergone further specialist training in mammography. (Two types - diagnostic and therapeutic; the l
negative predictive value
dementia
radiographer
concave
9. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.
splint
toxicology
hydrogen bond
electronegative
10. A chemical that has the effect of blocking the action of a natural substance such as a neurochemical. (
sweat glands
antagonist
open angle glaucoma
reinforcer
11. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).
interneuron
regenerative medicine
collagen
bacteria
12. The separation of waste products from the blood.
proxy measure
microbes
nephrons
excretion
13. A proteinase (protein-degrading) enzyme that catalyses (facilitates) the breakdown of elastin and other related proteins.
period
elastase
mutagen
risk factor
14. The movement of atoms or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration - until the concentration is the same throughout the available volume. Atoms and small molecules can also move across a permeable cell membran
molecule
myofibre
atomic nucleus
diffusion
15. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.
polar molecule
mucus
coronary heart disease
trauma
16. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.
threshold of excitation
psychogenic stimuli
rods
grays
17. The pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere at a particular location as a result of the mass of the column of air above it. At sea level - it is 760 mmHg or 101.325 kPa.
atmospheric pressure
adhesion
bronchiole
fatty liver
18. Stimuli that are associated with actual or potential damage to body tissues.
colour deficiency
mucus
force
noxious stimuli
19. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)
cellular respiration
immunodeficiency
opportunistic screening
noxious stimuli
20. A complex specialised molecule embedded in the outer membrane of a cell - or in its internal structure - which has a unique three-dimensional shape and patterns of electrical charge that enable it to bind specifically to a particular signalling molec
mammals
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
receptor
connective tissue
21. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver
age-standardisation
action potential
litre
particulates
22. Cells that can divide to produce daughter cells - which can then differentiate to become any of a range of different cell types.
phantom pain
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
transpiration
stem cells
23. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).
reward
connective tissue
body systems
residual volume
24. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.
adhesion
veins
elastase
mucus
25. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.
hypoxia
analgesia
neurotransmitter
closed-angle glaucoma
26. A complex molecule composed of smaller molecules (globin and haem) and iron atoms. It is a component of erythrocytes and its function is to bind reversibly to oxygen.
haemoglobin
atom
stem cells
electron
27. A lens shape with a greater thickness at the centre than at each end.
acute condition
protons
focal length
convex
28. A drug that acts to reduce the signs of inflammation - e.g. swelling - redness - heat and pain.
stroma
hypothesis
epithelial tissue
anti-inflammatory
29. Counts of deaths.
spectrum
mortality data
atmospheric pressure
epithelial tissue
30. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. It consists only of the atoms characteristic - e.g. hydrogen (H) - oxygen (O) - nitrogen (N) - sodium (Na) - chlorine (Cl) - mercury (Hg). There are 92 naturally oc
specificity
electronvolt
element
blood pressure
31. Any factor Which is statistically associated with a particular outcome (e.g. the incidence of a disease) - but Which is not involved in its causation. The association can disguise the true cause (or causes) of the outcome.
confounding factor
affect
choroid
visual acuity
32. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.
legal blindness
invasive cancer
intensity
bronchiole
33. A class of natural neurotransmitters that have a similar structure and action to morphine and heroin.
cardiovascular system
primates
opioid
attenuation
34. A technique where people learn to change their thought patterns and behaviour to create feelings of coping and self-efficacy; e.g. people in chronic pain might be taught to place a less catastrophic interpretation on their pain.
multifactorial disease
pandemic
cognitive-behavioural therapy
optical power
35. Colours on opposite sides of the colour circle.
complementary colours
colour deficiency
action potential
opportunistic screening
36. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil
post-traumatic stress disorder
phantom pain
screening
equivalent dose
37. The entire range or extent of some quantity - arranged in order; e.g. electromagnetic or visible light.
negative feedback
trachoma
chronic bronchitis
spectrum
38. Fuel derived from plant matter or animal waste - e.g. wood - straw - dried animal dung.
threshold of excitation
additive primary colours
radiographer
biomass fuel
39. A small airway branching from a bronchus.
sievert
morbidity
additive primary colours
bronchiole
40. Disease - disorder or disability.
morbidity
false positive
molecule
alcoholic poisoning
41. Condition in which no colour at all can be seen.
electronvolt
metastasis
nociceptive pain
colour blind
42. The concentration of ethanol in blood given in mg per 100 ml.
cirrhosis
duct
autonomic nervous system
blood-alcohol concentration
43. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that
natural selection
stunting
child mortality rate
hydrogen bond
44. The size and direction of a push or pull.
bond dissociation energy
receptor
tidal volume
force
45. A term that refers to the fact that the connections between neurons are not static. Rather - they are subject to change as result of activity within the neurons concerned. It can mean - over a period of time - increased sensitivity of connections bet
spinal cord
bipedality
plasticity
epinephrine
46. Often abbreviated to 'risk factors'; anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different population
disease risk factors
polyatomic ions
closed fracture
polymer
47. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.
epidermis
conjunctivitis
ionic compound
true positive
48. Leading global causes of visual impairment that have been identified by the WHO's Vision 2020 project as targets that can be prevented or treated. They include refractive errors and low vision - cataract - glaucoma - AMD - diabetic retinopathy and tr
wet AMD
contagious
accommodation
priority eye diseases
49. Any fracture where the overlying skin is broken.
tidal volume
open fracture
diabetic retinopathy
catalyst
50. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.
xenobiotic
population screening
pulmonary hypertension
scar