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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The share of all deaths in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.
fetal alcohol syndrome
proportional mortality
action potential
urbanisation
2. Optimal corrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 - i.e. wearing optimal correcting lenses - the individual can distinguish letters on a test chart at 6 metres that a person with normal vision could read at 18 metres
prevalence rate
absorbed dose
low vision
cancellous
3. A form of notation (also known as 'scientific notation') used for expressing very large or very small numbers.
cell
erythrocyte
powers of ten
alveolus
4. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.
binge drinking
prevalence
protons
malignant cancer
5. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.
natural selection
photon
vasopressin
relative risk
6. The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would exert if it were alone in a container.
blood pressure
partial pressure
noxious stimuli
gate theory
7. The standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; it has the symbol l.
hominids
litre
adaptive value
water-borne infectious diseases
8. The release of water vapour by plants.
ionic bonding
transpiration
laser
morbidity
9. Blood that contains a high level of oxygen and in which most of the haemoglobin has been converted into oxyhaemoglobin by bonding to oxygen.
oxygenated blood
neutron
opportunistic screening
placebo effect
10. A condition in which the conjunctiva is inflamed.
SI Units
cornea
levers
conjunctivitis
11. A technique in which a person is placed in a particular psychological state and - in response to suggestions made by the hypnotist - can experience alterations in perception - memory and voluntary action.
litre
duct
specificity
hypnosis
12. The mechanisms in the nervous system underlying an automatic and unconscious reaction to a particular stimulus - i.e. a reaction that cannot be controlled by will-power.
gas transfer test
bipedality
reflex
retina
13. A non-invasive method of measuring the level of oxygenation of the blood by using light absorption to calculate the relative levels of haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin.
mortality rate
pulse oximetry
malignant cancer
expiration
14. A bean-shaped tissue packed with immune system cells found at intervals along the vessels of the lymphatic system. They filter potentially harmful substances and organisms (microbes) from body fluids that drain into the lymphatic system; the filtered
intensity
prefrontal cortex
alveolus
lymph node
15. An estimate of the probability of developing a particular disease or disorder in a population that has been exposed to a particular risk factor - relative to the probability of developing the condition if the risk factor was not present.
developed countries
placebo effect
ecotoxicology
relative risk
16. A graft where the donor tissue comes from the same person (as opposed to an allograft where it comes from another person).
double-blind study
protons
autograft
mortality
17. A class of natural neurotransmitters that have a similar structure and action to morphine and heroin.
opioid
cones
high-risk screening
prevalence
18. An excessive engagement in an activity despite negative consequences and a dependence upon the activity such that when access is denied - craving and withdrawal symptoms are seen. Most usually refers to dependency on a chemical substance but need not
reinforcer
population screening
acute effects
addiction
19. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organism which takes into account the sensitivity to radiation of different organs in the body. Multiplied by a tissue weighting factor for that organ. Then the amounts for all the affected organs are
effective dose
vasodilation
period
gas pressure
20. A graph recording breathing - Which is made with a spirometer.
powers of ten
acute inflammation
spirogram
cell membrane
21. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.
microcalcifications
principal focal point
coronary heart disease
focal length
22. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)
acidosis
malignant cancer
structural formula
cellular respiration
23. That part of the nervous system that exerts control over the skeletal muscles and thereby over behaviour.
somatic nervous system
placebo effect
epidemic
ionic compound
24. A scale from 0 to 14 describing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution - where 7 is neutral - greater than 7 is more basic (alkaline) and less than 7 is more acidic.
pH scale
cornea
chemoreceptor
nociceptive pain
25. A subdivision of a rounded mass of tissue. For example - in the breast - this is used to describe an individual branched subsection of the mammary gland.
developed countries
electronegative
lobule
epidermis
26. The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eyeball that contains the visual receptor cells (rods and cones).
retina
proteinase
nephrons
craving
27. A chemical that is stored within the axon terminal of a neuron and is released in response to electrical activity within that neuron. It passes the short distance to a neighbouring cell (neuron or muscle cell) where it binds to a neurotransmitter rec
force
carboxyhaemoglobin
neurotransmitter
body systems
28. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.
laser
post-traumatic stress disorder
opioid
atmospheric pressure
29. The number of cases of a disease - disorder or disability in a population - relative to the total number of people at risk of developing it; usually expressed as the number of cases per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.
bond dissociation energy
tolerance
morbidity rate
deoxygenated blood
30. Microbes that cause disease.
pathogens
urbanisation
proteinase
toxin
31. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.
endocrine system
gas pressure
expiration
structural formula
32. A process in which light passes through a medium unaffected - e.g. light passing through clear glass.
transmission
adaptive value
receptor
attenuation coefficient
33. A constantly repeating variation of some quantity that transfers energy from one position in a medium to another.
wave
residual volume
fibroblast
amygdale
34. Any unintended and undesirable consequences of medical treatment; also known in medicine as an adverse effect or reaction.
side-effects
bronchodilator
trichiasis
conditional stimulus
35. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ
proxy measure
body mass index
aqueous humour
mortality rate
36. A sudden change in potential difference (voltage) across the cell membrane of neurons - consisting of an increase in the resting potential and a sudden return to the resting value. Transmitted along axons and constitute the principal 'language' of co
conditional stimulus
action potential
water-borne infectious diseases
nerve
37. A volume in which there are no atoms or molecules.
radiographer
reward
cortex
vacuum
38. The size and direction of a push or pull.
psychobiological approach
reflex
classical conditioning
force
39. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.
xenobiotic
fulcrum
principal focal point
osteoporosis
40. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.
acute pain
lock-and-key interaction
neurogenic pain
pyloric sphincter
41. A slimy - viscous substance secreted as a protective lubricant by the cells in the lining of the nose - throat and airways. Traps microbes and particles and is swept out of the respiratory system into the throat - to be coughed out or swallowed. Also
population age-structures
mucus
age-related macular degeneration
hominids
42. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.
false positive
hyperventilate
electronegative
proteins
43. The part of a neuron that consists of a long wire-like projection - ending in a terminal which participates in a synapse with another cell. Action potentials are transmitted along these.
bar chart
transpiration
axon
cardiovascular system
44. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.
stochastic
osteoblasts
antagonist
chronic bronchitis
45. Condition in which the full range of colours cannot be clearly distinguished.
organ
emphysema
protons
colour deficiency
46. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)
cellular respiration
atmospheric pressure
hepatitis
negative feedback
47. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.
tissue
placebo effect
electromagnetic radiation
anti-inflammatory
48. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - and who actually does not have the disease.
peripheral nervous system
opiates
osteoclasts
true negative
49. The time between one peak of a wave and the next .
lens
sputum
period
endocrine disruptors
50. This term indicates alcohol's effect in inducing 'psychological short-sightedness'. Alcohol lowers the range of attention - so that immediate events take on more importance than their future consequences.
diarrhoeal diseases
partial pressure
fulcrum
alcohol myopia