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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The system of muscles and bones and their various joints and linkages that facilitates support and movement in the body.






2. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short






3. The number of cases of a disease - disorder or disability in a population - relative to the total number of people at risk of developing it; usually expressed as the number of cases per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






4. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.






5. A class of neurons that convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles.






6. The amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs in the first second of expiration - abbreviated to FEV1.






7. A painful eye condition caused by repeated infections with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis .






8. A global strategy to combat trachoma - involving eyelid surgery - antibiotic treatment - attention to facial cleanliness and environmental changes.






9. An epidemic on a world-wide scale.






10. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.






11. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.






12. Leading global causes of visual impairment that have been identified by the WHO's Vision 2020 project as targets that can be prevented or treated. They include refractive errors and low vision - cataract - glaucoma - AMD - diabetic retinopathy and tr






13. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)






14. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that






15. Colours of light (red - blue and green) which - when added together - make white light.






16. A multi-disciplinary programme of care for patients with chronic respiratory conditions - Which is tailored to the individual and combines exercise and education to address all aspects of living with the condition.






17. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.






18. A reduction in the number of photons passing through a material. It is caused by both absorption and scattering.






19. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.






20. The binding that occurs between a signalling molecule and its specific receptor. The specificity of the binding is analogous to that of a particular key in a particular lock; e.g. the binding between a neurotransmitter and its receptor - or a hormone






21. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).






22. Radiation which can cause ionisation. From the electromagnetic spectrum this includes gamma rays - X-rays and some high-energy ultraviolet radiation.






23. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.






24. The process of breaking down foods in the body into the molecules needed to maintain life.






25. The total volume of gas contained in the lungs after a full inspiration (it is equal to vital capacity plus residual volume). (Abbreviated to TLC)






26. A scale from 0 to 14 describing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution - where 7 is neutral - greater than 7 is more basic (alkaline) and less than 7 is more acidic.






27. A small group of atoms bonded together which carry an overall electrical charge; e.g. the bicarbonate ion and the nitrate ion.






28. A tissue that covers a surface or lines a space inside the body - forming a barrier or interface across which substances are absorbed or secreted - e.g. the skin - gut lining - and various glands.






29. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.






30. A protein produced in the liver that circulates around the body and blocks the destructive effects of certain proteinase enzymes such as elastase.






31. A hormone secreted by the suprarenal gland (formerly the adrenal gland) upon stimulation by the central nervous system in response to stress - anger - fear or exertion. It has many effects on the body - e.g. increasing heart rate and output. Also kno






32. A clearly stated provisional explanation for a set of observations or data - devised for the purpose of testing its validity by the collection of additional data or by conducting an experiment.






33. A protective reaction of body tissues to irritation - injury - or infection - characterised by pain - heat - redness and swelling.






34. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.






35. A factor that strengthens a tendency to engage in a particular behaviour.






36. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.






37. Molecules or proteins released by immune system cells in the region of an injury - infection or other damage to the tissues. They have several effects including dilation (widening) of blood vessels to increase blood supply to the region. They also at






38. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.






39. The blood pressure that is detected during heart contractions - Which is higher than the diastolic pressure.






40. A visual impairment that interferes with day-to-day functions that an affected person considers to be normal.






41. The use of a spirometer to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.






42. A complex specialised molecule embedded in the outer membrane of a cell - or in its internal structure - which has a unique three-dimensional shape and patterns of electrical charge that enable it to bind specifically to a particular signalling molec






43. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






44. The transparent gelatinous fluid within the eyeball (between the lens and the retina).






45. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.






46. The term given to those units of measurement that scientists all over the world have agreed to use in their publications; e.g. the second (s) - the kilogram (kg) - and the metre (m).






47. The process of detecting stimuli that cause actual or potential damage to the tissues of the body.






48. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.






49. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va






50. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.