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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






2. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t






3. The size and direction of a push or pull.






4. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






5. Degenerative disease of the retina that results in loss of vision in the centre of the visual field. It is caused by an impaired blood supply to the macula. This condition is usually associated with ageing.






6. The eye chart used to determine how well a person can see at various distances. Named after a 19th-century Dutch ophthalmologist Hermann Snellen (1834-1908) who devised a test for visual acuity.






7. The production of any colour by varying the relative intensities of the subtractive primaries (cyan - magenta and yellow).






8. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.






9. The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would exert if it were alone in a container.






10. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.






11. The body system consisting of the heart - blood vessels and blood. It circulates blood throughout the body and is also known as the circulatory system.






12. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.






13. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the






14. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.






15. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.






16. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.






17. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.






18. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').






19. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.






20. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).






21. A scale from 0 to 14 describing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution - where 7 is neutral - greater than 7 is more basic (alkaline) and less than 7 is more acidic.






22. Injury causing physical damage to the body.






23. A group of primates - to which modern humans belong - characterised by upright posture and a very large brain in relation to body size.






24. A form of energy that can be described as either a wave or as a flow of 'packets' of energy. It includes gamma rays - X-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves and radio waves. The different types of radiation are distinguished by






25. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled at each breath when resting (abbreviated to TV).






26. Most common type of age-related macular degeneration - in which the blood supply to the retina is reduced - resulting in gradual loss of vision.






27. The pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere at a particular location as a result of the mass of the column of air above it. At sea level - it is 760 mmHg or 101.325 kPa.






28. A graph recording breathing - Which is made with a spirometer.






29. A molecule that has both negatively and positively charged regions.






30. Building replacement tissues to aid repair following damage.






31. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi






32. Categorised into three progressive stages: fatty liver - hepatitis and cirrhosis.






33. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.






34. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.






35. Stimuli to pain that are associated with social loss such as bereavement - marital breakdown.






36. A painful eye condition caused by repeated infections with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis .






37. The mechanisms in the nervous system underlying an automatic and unconscious reaction to a particular stimulus - i.e. a reaction that cannot be controlled by will-power.






38. The build-up of levels of a chemical contaminant in the bodies of animals at successive levels in a food chain.






39. The structure within the eye where the iris meets the cornea - where excess aqueous humour from the front of the eye can drain.






40. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.






41. The system of muscles and bones and their various joints and linkages that facilitates support and movement in the body.






42. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.






43. Often abbreviated to 'compound': a substance made up of two or more elements; it may be composed of molecules or ions.






44. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that






45. A system of glands (also known as ductless glands) - each of which secretes one or more hormones directly into the bloodstream. (CS 1 - 2 & 3)






46. The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eyeball that contains the visual receptor cells (rods and cones).






47. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)






48. Fuel derived from plant matter or animal waste - e.g. wood - straw - dried animal dung.






49. The change of thickness of the lens of the eye so that focal length changes. This allows light from objects at different distances to be sharply focused in turn on the retina.






50. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si