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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The number of new cases in a given period - usually a year - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population






2. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.






3. The share of all deaths in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






4. The pivot point about which a lever rotates.






5. The systematic application of a test or investigation to people who have not sought medical attention - in order to identify those whose risk of developing a particular disease is sufficient to justify further action.






6. A tissue made up of cells embedded in a matrix of protein fibres which includes bones - fat and tendons; they connect - support - or surround other tissues and organs.






7. The change of thickness of the lens of the eye so that focal length changes. This allows light from objects at different distances to be sharply focused in turn on the retina.






8. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.






9. A region of cortex at the front of the brain - where the activity of neurons is associated with voluntary control of behaviour (self-control) and restraint. Biological evidence suggests that mild to moderate doses of alcohol selectively depress the a






10. Structures in the kidney that filter the blood and produce the urine.






11. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






12. The type of bone that is less dense (compared with compact bone) and contains struts (trabeculae) to provide strength. It is found within the widened areas inside the ends of the bones.






13. A gradual change in about 10% of chronic heavy drinkers whereby liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.






14. For a screening procedure such as mammography - the number of true positive results expressed as a percentage of the total number of positive results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person with a positiv






15. Disease - disorder or disability.






16. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.






17. Any factor Which is statistically associated with a particular outcome (e.g. the incidence of a disease) - but Which is not involved in its causation. The association can disguise the true cause (or causes) of the outcome.






18. Distance between one peak of a wave and the next peak - measured in metres (m).






19. The material outside the cells in a tissue in which the cells are embedded. It is mainly made from proteins made by and arranged by the cells.






20. Immobilisation of a broken bone using something rigid.






21. Much of the brain is divided down its midline into two halves - the left and right of this; also referred to as the 'left brain' and the 'right brain'.






22. The term given to those units of measurement that scientists all over the world have agreed to use in their publications; e.g. the second (s) - the kilogram (kg) - and the metre (m).






23. A measure of the amount of energy from ionising radiation absorbed per kilogram of tissue. It is measured in units of grays where 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram.






24. An alternative way of modelling the energy from an electromagnetic wave; small packets of energy and the energy of each depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.






25. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.






26. A general loss of intellectual abilities including memory - judgement and abstract thinking - as well as personality changes.






27. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.






28. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi






29. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the






30. The number of photons passing through a given area per second.






31. Damage to the retina due to the abnormal blood flow that may develop in people with diabetes.






32. A painful eye condition caused by repeated infections with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis .






33. Leading global causes of visual impairment that have been identified by the WHO's Vision 2020 project as targets that can be prevented or treated. They include refractive errors and low vision - cataract - glaucoma - AMD - diabetic retinopathy and tr






34. A group of enzymes that degrade proteins by splitting the protein chain into smaller molecules; also called a 'protease'.






35. A) A process in which the photon energy is captured by a medium - without transmission or reflection. b) The process by which the molecules released from digested food pass through the wall of the gut and into the surrounding blood vessels.






36. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.






37. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou






38. A brain region with an essential role in the storage and retrieval of memories.






39. Screening that takes place haphazardly when an opportunity arises - for example - when a patient consults a doctor about something unrelated and is referred for a screening test.






40. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.






41. The process of inspiring or inhaling; the drawing in of air into the lungs.






42. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






43. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t






44. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.






45. A condition in which a person exceeds a certain threshold for the proportion of body weight that consists of fat. In most assessments based on body mass index - a BMI of greater than 30 is defined as clinically obese.






46. That part of the nervous system that is not within the central nervous system. It is made up of nerves throughout the body.






47. A variety of conditions associated with eyesight - from total loss of sight (blindness) to partial sight loss.






48. A complex molecule composed of smaller molecules (globin and haem) and iron atoms. It is a component of erythrocytes and its function is to bind reversibly to oxygen.






49. Countries that provide universal education for their children - with populations that have high rates of literacy - comprehensive health services and which meet certain other development indicators - such as 100% access to safe drinking water and san






50. Particulates suspended in air that are less than 10 micrometres in diameter.