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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.






2. Deliberately deciding never to drink alcohol.






3. A hormone secreted by the suprarenal gland (formerly the adrenal gland) upon stimulation by the central nervous system in response to stress - anger - fear or exertion. It has many effects on the body - e.g. increasing heart rate and output. Also kno






4. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.






5. A slimy - viscous substance secreted as a protective lubricant by the cells in the lining of the nose - throat and airways. Traps microbes and particles and is swept out of the respiratory system into the throat - to be coughed out or swallowed. Also






6. An infection of the lower respiratory tract (the bronchi and lungs) - e.g. pneumonia.






7. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.






8. Any factor Which is statistically associated with a particular outcome (e.g. the incidence of a disease) - but Which is not involved in its causation. The association can disguise the true cause (or causes) of the outcome.






9. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.






10. A difficult and controversial term to define - in spite of its everyday use. It describes all the information processing carried out by the brain.






11. The flat cells that line the cardiovascular system.






12. Diseases involving the frequent passing of liquid faeces; they are caused by a wide variety of pathogens - including viruses - bacteria and protoctists (single-celled organisms).






13. To breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal.






14. A method for determining the efficiency of gas transfer between the lungs and the pulmonary blood capillaries.






15. A measure of how well a person sees - determined by the minimum distance at which two lines (or points) can be distinguished at a test distance.






16. The share of all deaths in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






17. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.






18. The ability to stand - walk and run - supported only by the hind limbs.






19. Much of the brain is divided down its midline into two halves - the left and right of this; also referred to as the 'left brain' and the 'right brain'.






20. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si






21. The unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation; 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram of tissue.






22. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)






23. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.






24. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.






25. A variety of conditions associated with eyesight - from total loss of sight (blindness) to partial sight loss.






26. Damage to the retina due to the abnormal blood flow that may develop in people with diabetes.






27. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.






28. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.






29. Colours of light (red - blue and green) which - when added together - make white light.






30. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.






31. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.






32. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.






33. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou






34. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)






35. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.






36. A change in the sequences of bases in the DNA of an organism - resulting in an alteration in the manufacture or function of a body protein. Also refers to the process by which such a change in DNA sequence occurs due to the action of a mutagen - e.g.






37. Any cell that ingests and destroys foreign particles - bacteria and cell debris.






38. An eye-surgery technique where the epithelial layer of the eye is removed and laser treatment applied to the tissues exposed beneath (abbreviated to PRK).






39. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.






40. Substances in which an interaction or reaction occurs - or in which an event takes place - or chemicals or objects are transported or supported - e.g. a medium through which a wave is transmitted in the refraction of light.






41. A protein produced by a living organism that functions as a catalyst. It facilitates other molecules entering into chemical reactions with one another - but is itself unaffected by these reactions.






42. The time between one peak of a wave and the next .






43. Disease - disorder or traumatic injury characterised by rapid onset - severe symptoms and short duration - From which the patient either recovers quickly or dies (CS 1 & 6). Some chronic (long-term) conditions can have acute episodes - e.g. exacerbat






44. An atom that is better than other atoms at attracting electrons to itself; e.g. oxygen






45. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.






46. A state in which addicts come to depend upon a drug for their 'normal' mental functioning.






47. Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds - e.g. hydrogen (H2) - water (H2O) - carbon dioxide (CO2).






48. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.






49. The behaviour of electromagnetic radiation cannot be adequately described in all situations by any one model. In some situations the wave model is appropriate - in others the particle model - which describes the radiation as photons - must be used.






50. The number of deaths in a population - either from all causes combined or from a specific cause - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) people in the population.







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