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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Radiation which can cause ionisation. From the electromagnetic spectrum this includes gamma rays - X-rays and some high-energy ultraviolet radiation.






2. A process at an interface of two media in which the direction of light is deviated within the new medium.






3. Damage to the retina due to the abnormal blood flow that may develop in people with diabetes.






4. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.






5. A constantly repeating variation of some quantity that transfers energy from one position in a medium to another.






6. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl






7. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.






8. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.






9. Building replacement tissues to aid repair following damage.






10. An agent - such as a chemical - ultraviolet light - or a radioactive substance that can induce - or increase the frequency of - mutations in DNA.






11. A class of neuron that is neither sensory nor motor.






12. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (






13. The system of muscles and bones and their various joints and linkages that facilitates support and movement in the body.






14. The need to drink much more than in the past to achieve the same effect.






15. The dimension of positive and negative feelings - exemplified by - respectively - happiness and pain.






16. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - but who actually does not have the disease.






17. A painful eye condition caused by repeated infections with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis .






18. Diseases in which the pathogen causing the disease lives part of its life cycle in water; e.g. cholera - cryptosporidiosis.






19. A chemical that reduces microbial contamination of water - surfaces - etc.






20. A class of natural neurotransmitters that have a similar structure and action to morphine and heroin.






21. A change in the sequences of bases in the DNA of an organism - resulting in an alteration in the manufacture or function of a body protein. Also refers to the process by which such a change in DNA sequence occurs due to the action of a mutagen - e.g.






22. Death.






23. Matter formed from saliva mixed with mucus and any foreign material such as dust - Which is coughed up (expectorated) from the lower respiratory tract and usually ejected from the mouth.






24. A subunit of the litre - the standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; there are 100 of these in a litre.






25. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.






26. A hormone secreted by the suprarenal gland (formerly the adrenal gland) upon stimulation by the central nervous system in response to stress - anger - fear or exertion. It has many effects on the body - e.g. increasing heart rate and output. Also kno






27. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.






28. Microbes that cause disease.






29. A difficult and controversial term to define - in spite of its everyday use. It describes all the information processing carried out by the brain.






30. This term indicates alcohol's effect in inducing 'psychological short-sightedness'. Alcohol lowers the range of attention - so that immediate events take on more importance than their future consequences.






31. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.






32. A multi-disciplinary programme of care for patients with chronic respiratory conditions - Which is tailored to the individual and combines exercise and education to address all aspects of living with the condition.






33. Degenerative disease of the retina that results in loss of vision in the centre of the visual field. It is caused by an impaired blood supply to the macula. This condition is usually associated with ageing.






34. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).






35. A simple way of presenting numerical data visually - so as to emphasise the relative size of different numbers. May be arranged vertically or horizontally.






36. A scale from 0 to 14 describing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution - where 7 is neutral - greater than 7 is more basic (alkaline) and less than 7 is more acidic.






37. A) A transparent and flexible convex structure behind the iris that (together with the cornea) refracts light. b) A transparent object - usually made of glass or plastic - that refracts light. Found in spectacles - magnifying glasses and microscopes.






38. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.






39. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






40. A small group of atoms bonded together which carry an overall electrical charge; e.g. the bicarbonate ion and the nitrate ion.






41. The energy needed to break a bond between two atoms.






42. Over time - a need for an increasing amount of drug to obtain the same level of effect - e.g. the amount of alcohol required to produce intoxication.






43. The flow of blood back to the heart in the veins.






44. The type of blood cell that transports oxygen; also known as a red blood cell.






45. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.






46. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






47. Blood that contains a high level of oxygen and in which most of the haemoglobin has been converted into oxyhaemoglobin by bonding to oxygen.






48. The number of deaths in a population - either from all causes combined or from a specific cause - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) people in the population.






49. A group of steroid hormones produced mainly by the ovaries (some are also produced by fat deposits in the body) - which are responsible for promoting the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics.






50. A lens shape with a greater thickness at each end than through the centre.