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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that
natural selection
high-risk screening
abstinence
carboxyhaemoglobin
2. The experience of being in an unpleasant situation - over a period of days - weeks or longer - in which one is unable to exert control over circumstances which are not of one's choosing. The coping resources necessary to meet the demands of this unpl
disease risk factors
axon terminal
allograft
stress
3. A measure of how well a person sees - determined by the minimum distance at which two lines (or points) can be distinguished at a test distance.
vasopressin
oestrogens
respiration
visual acuity
4. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)
cellular respiration
equivalent dose
pain matrix
lobule
5. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.
laser
retina
morbidity rate
gene
6. Colours of light (red - blue and green) which - when added together - make white light.
noxious stimuli
additive primary colours
brain imaging
water-borne infectious diseases
7. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.
fracture
grays
stroma
high-risk screening
8. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.
biopsy
somatic nervous system
cancer cell
chemical compound
9. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled at each breath when resting (abbreviated to TV).
tidal volume
trachea
particulates
neuron
10. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.
cell membrane
respiratory centres
equivalent dose
osteoclasts
11. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(
epithelial tissue
axon terminal
chemical compound
endocrine system
12. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.
double-strand break
lobule
inhibitory synapse
homeostasis
13. Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of atoms. In a neutral atom the number of these balances the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus.
protons
cancellous
cell membrane
lock-and-key interaction
14. Tells you which type of atoms are bonded together to make up a compound or molecule - using symbols for its constituent elements. It also shows How many of each type of atom there are (e.g. the formula for carbon dioxide - CO2 - shows it has one carb
chemical formula
reinforcer
screening
convex
15. Condition in which no colour at all can be seen.
colour blind
wave-particle duality
multifactorial disease
fibroblast
16. The integrated body system of organs - tissues - cells and proteins that functions to protect the body from potentially pathogenic organisms (microbes) or harmful substances.
covalent bond
wet AMD
lens
immune system
17. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi
mammography
high-risk screening
skeletal muscle
pulmonary rehabilitation
18. A value which can be used to calculate the degree to which X-rays (or other radiation) are reduced in intensity when passing through a material (e.g. human tissue).
metastasis
oxyhaemoglobin
attenuation coefficient
non-communicable diseases
19. An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.(
cancellous
neutron
action potential
media
20. A drug that widens the airways of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles.
gene
vasodilation
acute inflammation
bronchodilator
21. A process whereby a parameter is maintained at a nearly constant value because deviations from its normal value tend to trigger actions that 'negate' the deviation and return it to normality; e.g. a fall in body temperature is fed back via the nervou
emphysema
presynaptic neuron
negative feedback
particulates
22. The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
central nervous system
spectrum
morbidity rate
acute effects
23. The behaviour of electromagnetic radiation cannot be adequately described in all situations by any one model. In some situations the wave model is appropriate - in others the particle model - which describes the radiation as photons - must be used.
proportional mortality
expiration
refraction
wave-particle duality
24. The outer layer of the brain - also known as the 'cerebral cortex'. (
arteries
electron
vasodilation
cortex
25. A condition in which the cornea is irregularly curved.
astigmatism
hypoxia
reflection
affect
26. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si
post-traumatic stress disorder
ethanol
deterministic
tissue
27. A form of energy that can be described as either a wave or as a flow of 'packets' of energy. It includes gamma rays - X-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves and radio waves. The different types of radiation are distinguished by
electromagnetic radiation
vital capacity
colour blind
mammography
28. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the
DNA repair protein
cancer cell
osteoblasts
positive predictive value
29. Pain of relatively short duration and associated with actual damage to tissues.
acute pain
atmospheric pressure
child mortality rate
wet AMD
30. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).
double-blind study
brain imaging
complementary colours
point-of-use' strategy
31. Bonding Which is due to the electrical attraction of equal and opposite electrical charges and which holds the ions in salt crystals together.
ionic bonding
hippocampus
blind study
side-effects
32. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl
risk factor
disability adjusted life year
scatter plot
osteoblasts
33. An experience Which is accessible only to the person who experiences it in terms of the contents of his or her conscious mind. Such experience is not open to objective observation or measurement by any other individual and hence is contrasted with 'o
alpha-1 antitrypsin
subjective experience
spectrum
refraction
34. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.
opioid
deoxygenated blood
epidermis
tolerance
35. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.
polymer
particulates
infant mortality rate
splint
36. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.
neutron
immunodeficiency
fulcrum
vasopressin
37. Matter formed from saliva mixed with mucus and any foreign material such as dust - Which is coughed up (expectorated) from the lower respiratory tract and usually ejected from the mouth.
motor neuron
developed countries
proteins
sputum
38. The entire range or extent of some quantity - arranged in order; e.g. electromagnetic or visible light.
information processing
spectrum
oestrogens
malignant cancer
39. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.
focal length
trauma
double-strand break
physiology
40. The concentration of ethanol in blood given in mg per 100 ml.
metastasis
relative risk
bone marrow
blood-alcohol concentration
41. Haemoglobin bound to oxygen molecules. Transports oxygen from blood vessels in the lungs to the cells in the rest of the body.
hypoxia
oxyhaemoglobin
adhesion
equivalent dose
42. The problem of trying to explain how the subjective feelings of consciousness arise from the physical matter of the brain.
morbidity
osteoclasts
opiates
hard problem of consciousness
43. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.
catalyst
fibrin
alcoholic poisoning
withdrawal symptoms
44. Pain that lasts for months or years and which typically persists beyond the time of tissue healing.
cognition
bond dissociation energy
levers
chronic pain
45. The thinnest blood vessels.
visual disability
forced expiratory volume in one second
capillaries
epinephrine
46. The flat cells that line the cardiovascular system.
scar
multifactorial disease
compact bone
endothelial cells
47. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.
arteries
cerebral hemisphere
greenstick fracture
vitreous humour
48. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)
malignant cancer
ecosystems
fetal alcohol syndrome
calcium ions
49. The skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis and provides the strength and elasticity of the skin.
dermis
connective tissue
cornea
low vision
50. The organelles found inside myofibres that run the length of the cell and cause contraction.
photorefractive keratectomy
myofibrils
trichiasis
SAFE