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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
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Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cells associated with peripheral neurons that wrap themselves around the axons.
Schwann cells
LASIK
tissue engineering
mutation
2. The distance between atoms in a molecule.
atomic nucleus
developing countries
bronchus
bond length
3. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.
radiologist
fracture
diaphragm
drainage angle
4. Any factor Which is statistically associated with a particular outcome (e.g. the incidence of a disease) - but Which is not involved in its causation. The association can disguise the true cause (or causes) of the outcome.
confounding factor
principal focal point
media
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
5. The ability of the brain to take information and perform informed calculations (e.g. calculating the width of a space in which to park a car).
information processing
nephrons
infant mortality rate
anti-inflammatory
6. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va
extinction
alcoholic liver disease
cell
synapse
7. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.
homeostasis
elastase
fovea
chronic inflammation
8. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.
enzyme
pain matrix
spinal cord
fatty liver
9. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.
obesity
wave
neurotransmitter
pain matrix
10. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.
fibrin
incubation period
ligaments
true positive
11. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.
pyloric sphincter
carcinoma
pupil
diastolic blood pressure
12. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.
hormone
effective dose
phagocyte
carcinoma
13. The flow of blood back to the heart in the veins.
transmission
venous return
acidosis
threshold of excitation
14. Complex structures in the body formed from a number of different tissues - which form a distinct structure and serve a particular function - e.g. the heart - the brain - the lungs. (CS 2 & 4)
Schwann cells
organ
oestrogens
blood-alcohol concentration
15. A fracture where the bone bends and only breaks on one side; commonest in children - whose bones tend to bend rather than break completely.
greenstick fracture
excitatory synapse
disability adjusted life year
carcinoma
16. A difficult and controversial term to define - in spite of its everyday use. It describes all the information processing carried out by the brain.
stress response
antagonist
mind
acute inflammation
17. A volume in which there are no atoms or molecules.
vacuum
chemical compound
force
urbanisation
18. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.
wave
cones
immunodeficiency
sievert
19. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.
gate theory
mammals
disease risk factors
deoxygenated blood
20. An eye care professional qualified to perform eye tests and record the findings in a lens prescription.
refraction
optometrist
cancer cell
opportunistic screening
21. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.
colour deficiency
oxyhaemoglobin
particulates
hypovolaemic shock
22. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. It consists only of the atoms characteristic - e.g. hydrogen (H) - oxygen (O) - nitrogen (N) - sodium (Na) - chlorine (Cl) - mercury (Hg). There are 92 naturally oc
ionic compound
element
visual acuity
Snellen letter chart
23. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled at each breath when resting (abbreviated to TV).
oxidation
tidal volume
photon
evolutionary trade-off
24. A stimulus that has no intrinsic power to trigger a particular response but which acquires this power after being associated with another stimulus. For example - a bell does not normally trigger salivation but - after pairing with food - it acquires
conditional stimulus
rods
motor neuron
bronchus
25. Type of glaucoma in which the outflow of aqueous humour from the eye is blocked because the gap between the iris and the cornea has closed.
incubation period
risk factor
venous return
closed-angle glaucoma
26. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.
epidemic
ionic bonding
radiologist
chemoreceptor
27. The number of deaths in a population - either from all causes combined or from a specific cause - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) people in the population.
positive predictive value
mortality rate
haemoglobin
population screening
28. This refers to a random effect of ionising radiation. There is no radiation threshold at which the effect inevitably occurs - but the probability of an effect occurring increases with the amount of radiation received.
coronary heart disease
polar molecule
hyperopia
stochastic
29. The process of reducing pain - e.g. by taking morphine.
analgesia
pain
cones
trichromacy
30. An organelle (plural: mitochondria) in the cytosol of cells where much of cellular respiration takes place (the release of usable chemical energy from molecules derived from food).
powers of ten
drainage angle
vitreous humour
mitochondrio
31. Stimuli to pain that are associated with social loss such as bereavement - marital breakdown.
cancellous
sputum
psychogenic stimuli
toxin
32. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.
inhibitory synapse
cast
blind study
enzyme
33. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.
concave
chronic bronchitis
prefrontal cortex
polymer
34. Microscopic organisms (bacteria - fungi and protoctists) - together with viruses - whether pathogenic (disease-causing) or harmless; also known as microorganisms.
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
electron
proportional mortality
microbes
35. A substance composed of positively and negatively charged ions - held together by the electrical attraction between opposite charges. Salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) - in which the ions are organised in a regular crystal lattice - are this.
ionic compound
endothelial cells
population age-structures
cortex
36. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.
placebo effect
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
water-borne infectious diseases
convex
37. An electrically charged atom or molecule. May be positively or negatively charged; e.g. Na+ (the positively charged sodium ion) and Cl- (the negatively charged chloride ion).
low vision
attenuation coefficient
ion
age-standardisation
38. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).
solvent
SI Units
nearwork activity
glaucoma
39. A class of neuron that detects the presence of stimuli in the world - such as tactile events - heat - cold or tissue damage.
dependence
musculoskeletal system
sensory neuron
proteins
40. A technique where people learn to change their thought patterns and behaviour to create feelings of coping and self-efficacy; e.g. people in chronic pain might be taught to place a less catastrophic interpretation on their pain.
mutation
electromagnetic radiation
cognitive-behavioural therapy
chemical compound
41. Over time - a need for an increasing amount of drug to obtain the same level of effect - e.g. the amount of alcohol required to produce intoxication.
tolerance
reinforcer
bond dissociation energy
fetal alcohol syndrome
42. Diseases or disorders that develop as a result of the interaction over time of a combination of different risk factors - none of which on its own would be likely to cause the disease. These may include the inheritance of certain gene mutations from a
levers
multifactorial disease
infant mortality rate
urbanisation
43. A process at an interface of two media in which the direction of light is deviated within the new medium.
forced expiratory volume in one second
presynaptic neuron
synapse
refraction
44. The number of cases of a disease - disorder or disability in a population - relative to the total number of people at risk of developing it; usually expressed as the number of cases per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.
additive primary colours
chemoreceptor
specificity
morbidity rate
45. A form of conditioning in which a stimulus with no intrinsic capacity to trigger a particular response acquires such a capacity by being paired with a stimulus that does trigger the response; e.g. a bell can come to trigger salivation in a dog if it
mammography
endocrine disruptors
classical conditioning
splint
46. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.
stochastic
polar molecule
mammals
respiration
47. Distance between one peak of a wave and the next peak - measured in metres (m).
heat capacity
polyatomic ions
wavelength
alcoholic poisoning
48. The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would exert if it were alone in a container.
population screening
carboxyhaemoglobin
partial pressure
microbes
49. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil
equivalent dose
forced vital capacity
referred pain
brain imaging
50. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.
phagocyte
xenobiotic
anti-inflammatory
hard problem of consciousness
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