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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The number of photons passing through a given area per second.






2. Degenerative disease of the retina that results in loss of vision in the centre of the visual field. It is caused by an impaired blood supply to the macula. This condition is usually associated with ageing.






3. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






4. A non-invasive method of measuring the level of oxygenation of the blood by using light absorption to calculate the relative levels of haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin.






5. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.






6. Disease - disorder or disability.






7. A method of purifying water - e.g. filtering - that involves individual people treating water as they use it - rather than having purified water delivered to them from a remote water-treatment plant in pipes.

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8. Refers to an infectious disease that can be transmitted by physical contact.






9. Vital to many chemical reactions in the body. Crystals containing these form an important part of the structure of bones.






10. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






11. An excessive engagement in an activity despite negative consequences and a dependence upon the activity such that when access is denied - craving and withdrawal symptoms are seen. Most usually refers to dependency on a chemical substance but need not






12. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.






13. An organelle (plural: mitochondria) in the cytosol of cells where much of cellular respiration takes place (the release of usable chemical energy from molecules derived from food).






14. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.






15. An internationally recognised health indicator - defined as the number of babies in every 1000 live births who die in their first year of life.






16. A protein that is abundant in the extracellular matrix and can form long thin fibres to provide structure to many tissues.






17. A subdivision of a rounded mass of tissue. For example - in the breast - this is used to describe an individual branched subsection of the mammary gland.






18. The dimension of positive and negative feelings - exemplified by - respectively - happiness and pain.






19. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.






20. A complex molecule composed of smaller molecules (globin and haem) and iron atoms. It is a component of erythrocytes and its function is to bind reversibly to oxygen.






21. The separation of waste products from the blood.






22. The part of a neuron that consists of a long wire-like projection - ending in a terminal which participates in a synapse with another cell. Action potentials are transmitted along these.






23. A molecule that facilitates a reaction but Which is left unchanged at the end; catalysis refers to the action of this.






24. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.






25. The time between one peak of a wave and the next .






26. A hormone Which is normally secreted by the brain in response to decreased water levels in the body. When alcohol is drunk - ethanol acts on the brain and inhibites the release of this - allowing the kidneys to make more urine.






27. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.






28. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.






29. The joining of tissues to each other that may occur abnormally during repair.






30. The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.






31. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - and who actually does not have the disease.






32. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an excitatory effect on a postsynaptic cell - e.g. it excites further action potentials in a second cell.






33. A difficult and controversial term to define - in spite of its everyday use. It describes all the information processing carried out by the brain.






34. An infection of the lower respiratory tract (the bronchi and lungs) - e.g. pneumonia.






35. A gradual change in about 10% of chronic heavy drinkers whereby liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.






36. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.






37. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)






38. A bundle of the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. (Occasionally employed informally to refer to a bundle of axons within the central nervous system.)






39. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.






40. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the






41. Pain that arises from tissue damage in one part of the body - but Which is felt to be arising in a different part of the body. It is said to be 'referred to' a part that is not damaged.






42. A) A transparent and flexible convex structure behind the iris that (together with the cornea) refracts light. b) A transparent object - usually made of glass or plastic - that refracts light. Found in spectacles - magnifying glasses and microscopes.






43. Often abbreviated to 'risk factors'; anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different population






44. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.






45. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.






46. Structures in the kidney that filter the blood and produce the urine.






47. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si






48. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - but who actually does not have the disease.






49. Building replacement tissues to aid repair following damage.






50. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ