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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A difficult and controversial term to define - in spite of its everyday use. It describes all the information processing carried out by the brain.






2. Often abbreviated to 'risk factors'; anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different population






3. The body system consisting of the heart - blood vessels and blood. It circulates blood throughout the body and is also known as the circulatory system.






4. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.






5. The spread of malignant - cancerous cells to other parts of the body by way of the blood or lymph vessels.






6. The concentration of ethanol in blood given in mg per 100 ml.






7. A type of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in which new blood vessels form in an attempt to restore the blood supply to the retina. The new vessels are fragile - and may leak blood into the eye.






8. The total number of people who have a disease - disorder or disability at a particular point in time - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






9. A readily measured statistic or parameter that can be used in place of a more complex statistic - or to 'stand in for' one that is impossible to measure directly; e.g. disease statistics are often used as this for the 'health' of a population; the nu






10. That part of the nervous system that exerts control over the skeletal muscles and thereby over behaviour.






11. A condition that may develop following exposure to an extremely stressful situation - typically where a person witnesses the violent death of someone else - or believes their own life is in danger. Symptoms include disordered sleeping - a dread of si






12. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.






13. A lens shape with a greater thickness at the centre than at each end.






14. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.






15. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.






16. Fuel derived from plant matter or animal waste - e.g. wood - straw - dried animal dung.






17. A chemical reaction involving the addition of oxygen.






18. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.






19. The number of new cases in a given period - usually a year - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population






20. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






21. This term indicates alcohol's effect in inducing 'psychological short-sightedness'. Alcohol lowers the range of attention - so that immediate events take on more importance than their future consequences.






22. Death.






23. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.






24. The environmental factors impacting on survival and reproduction in a population of organisms in which there is variation between individuals in their ability to withstand adverse conditions or benefit from advantageous circumstances. The result of t






25. The process of urban development - i.e. of towns and cities - and the movement of an increasing proportion of a country's population from rural to urban environments.






26. The flat cells that line the cardiovascular system.






27. The structure within the eye where the iris meets the cornea - where excess aqueous humour from the front of the eye can drain.






28. Brain region involved in processing memories and emotional reactions.






29. Colours of light (red - blue and green) which - when added together - make white light.






30. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.






31. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an excitatory effect on a postsynaptic cell - e.g. it excites further action potentials in a second cell.






32. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.






33. Blood that contains a high level of oxygen and in which most of the haemoglobin has been converted into oxyhaemoglobin by bonding to oxygen.






34. A class of animals characterised by having the body covered in hair - by having a four-chambered heart - and by feeding their young on milk produced by the female.






35. That part of the nervous system that is not within the central nervous system. It is made up of nerves throughout the body.






36. Colours on opposite sides of the colour circle.






37. The standard scientific (SI) unit for measuring volume; it has the symbol l.






38. The total volume of gas contained in the lungs after a full inspiration (it is equal to vital capacity plus residual volume). (Abbreviated to TLC)






39. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.






40. A subunit of the scientific unit of volume - the litre. One litre can be divided into 1000 of these.






41. Insufficient levels of oxygen in the blood or tissue.






42. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).






43. Microbes that cause disease.






44. Drinking to get drunk rather than just for pleasure.






45. The dimension of positive and negative feelings - exemplified by - respectively - happiness and pain.






46. A reduction in the number of photons passing through a material. It is caused by both absorption and scattering.






47. A bean-shaped tissue packed with immune system cells found at intervals along the vessels of the lymphatic system. They filter potentially harmful substances and organisms (microbes) from body fluids that drain into the lymphatic system; the filtered






48. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').






49. Microscopic organisms (bacteria - fungi and protoctists) - together with viruses - whether pathogenic (disease-causing) or harmless; also known as microorganisms.






50. Diseases in which the pathogen causing the disease lives part of its life cycle in water; e.g. cholera - cryptosporidiosis.