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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






2. Any cell that ingests and destroys foreign particles - bacteria and cell debris.






3. A collection of neurons and other cells that is located within the protection of the backbone.






4. A type of chemical bond formed between a partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge on another atom. In more detail - the bond is formed by the electrical attraction occurring between the partial positive charge remainin






5. To breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal.






6. A process whereby a stimulus that owes its power to conditioning loses this power by being repeatedly presented on its own; e.g. the ceasing of the capacity of a bell to trigger salivation occurs if the bell is repeatedly sounded - but without food b






7. A simple way of presenting numerical data visually - so as to emphasise the relative size of different numbers. May be arranged vertically or horizontally.






8. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a body - or a quantity of liquid - by 1 A






9. The movement of atoms or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration - until the concentration is the same throughout the available volume. Atoms and small molecules can also move across a permeable cell membran






10. A subunit of the scientific unit of volume - the litre. One litre can be divided into 1000 of these.






11. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.






12. Over time - a need for an increasing amount of drug to obtain the same level of effect - e.g. the amount of alcohol required to produce intoxication.






13. Building replacement tissues to aid repair following damage.






14. A two-dimensional map or projection of an object.






15. The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would exert if it were alone in a container.






16. A condition characterised by inflammation of the walls of the airways and excess production of mucus. It results in a persistent (chronic) cough with production of sputum - obstruction of airflow and increased vulnerability to respiratory infections.






17. A fracture that occurs because the bone has been weakened through osteoporosis.






18. Each element has been assigned one of these - often the first letter - or two of the first letters of the name; for example - H stands for hydrogen - C for carbon - N for nitrogen - Ca for calcium and O for oxygen.






19. A measure of the real impact of a particular disease - disorder or disability on people's lives (DALY) - combining an estimate of the number of years lived with a reduced quality of life - taking into account the severity of the condition (every cond






20. The production of any colour by varying the relative intensities of the subtractive primaries (cyan - magenta and yellow).






21. The neuron that stores and releases neurotransmitter at a synapse with another neuron or a muscle cell.






22. The transparent fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the lens of the eye.






23. A method of purifying water - e.g. filtering - that involves individual people treating water as they use it - rather than having purified water delivered to them from a remote water-treatment plant in pipes.


24. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level






25. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.






26. Often abbreviated to 'compound': a substance made up of two or more elements; it may be composed of molecules or ions.






27. Substances in which an interaction or reaction occurs - or in which an event takes place - or chemicals or objects are transported or supported - e.g. a medium through which a wave is transmitted in the refraction of light.






28. Cells that can divide to produce daughter cells - which can then differentiate to become any of a range of different cell types.






29. The cells associated with peripheral neurons that wrap themselves around the axons.






30. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver






31. A state in which addicts come to depend upon a drug for their 'normal' mental functioning.






32. A thick ring of muscle that controls pupil size - thereby regulating the amount of light that enters the eye. It forms the coloured portion of the eye.






33. Visual acuity worse than 6/60.






34. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.






35. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.






36. A beneficial effect deriving from a procedure with no intrinsic benefit. It relies upon the context in which the intervention is made; e.g. a sugar pill might serve as a placebo if the patient believes that it will bring some benefits. (






37. A chemical that has the effect of mimicking the action of a natural substance such as a neurotransmitter. (






38. An approach to explanation which implies two closely related things: (i) both biological and psychological sciences have central roles in the explanation - and (ii) a given phenomenon to be studied within this perspective - such as pain - has both bi






39. Persistent inflammation over long periods of time that occurs when the tissues are unable to overcome the effects of an injurious agent.






40. The ability of the brain to take information and perform informed calculations (e.g. calculating the width of a space in which to park a car).






41. An intense conscious occupation with thoughts of the object of an addiction.






42. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.






43. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.






44. A measure of how well a person sees - determined by the minimum distance at which two lines (or points) can be distinguished at a test distance.






45. A protein produced by a living organism that functions as a catalyst. It facilitates other molecules entering into chemical reactions with one another - but is itself unaffected by these reactions.






46. Distance between one peak of a wave and the next peak - measured in metres (m).






47. Pain that arises from damage to neurons either within the central nervous system or in the periphery of the body.






48. Tissue in the centre of some large bones that contains cells (including stem cells) which are responsible for the production of white cells - red blood cells and a variety of other cells.






49. A sudden change in potential difference (voltage) across the cell membrane of neurons - consisting of an increase in the resting potential and a sudden return to the resting value. Transmitted along axons and constitute the principal 'language' of co






50. An eye care professional who makes spectacles or contact lenses and advises on suitable frames or lens choices.