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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The mechanisms in the nervous system underlying an automatic and unconscious reaction to a particular stimulus - i.e. a reaction that cannot be controlled by will-power.
anti-inflammatory
peripheral nervous system
blood pressure
reflex
2. A value which can be used to calculate the degree to which X-rays (or other radiation) are reduced in intensity when passing through a material (e.g. human tissue).
catalyst
inflammatory mediators
hippocampus
attenuation coefficient
3. The total amount of air that can be taken in to the lungs during a maximum inspiration - or expelled during a maximal expiration. (Abbreviated to VC)
antagonist
deoxyribonucleic acid
stem cells
vital capacity
4. The new tissue formed as a wound repairs - containing tiny new blood vessels that give it a grainy appearance.
light ray
accommodation
granulation tissue
intensity
5. Any cell that ingests and destroys foreign particles - bacteria and cell debris.
child mortality rate
epidermis
phagocyte
complementary colours
6. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.
osteoporosis
cones
alcoholic poisoning
traumatic injury
7. This refers to a random effect of ionising radiation. There is no radiation threshold at which the effect inevitably occurs - but the probability of an effect occurring increases with the amount of radiation received.
incidence rate
cast
physiology
stochastic
8. A screening programme (sometimes called 'individual screening' or 'targeted screening') that identifies individuals who are likely to be at substantially greater risk of developing a certain condition than others in their population group. These indi
high-risk screening
diabetic retinopathy
body mass index
reflection
9. Gradual changes that occur slowly over time and may be irreversible - often in response to repeated exposure to a stimulus or toxic substance (e.g. alcohol).
cardiovascular system
choroid
chronic effects
incubation period
10. Any factor Which is statistically associated with a particular outcome (e.g. the incidence of a disease) - but Which is not involved in its causation. The association can disguise the true cause (or causes) of the outcome.
organ
action potential
cataract
confounding factor
11. A response to a stimulus or substance (such as alcohol) which occurs rapidly and produces severe - possibly life-threatening - symptoms.
acute effects
ecosystems
xenobiotic
ionising radiation
12. The pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere at a particular location as a result of the mass of the column of air above it. At sea level - it is 760 mmHg or 101.325 kPa.
atmospheric pressure
oxyhaemoglobin
pupil
morbidity
13. A graphical method of showing whether two numerical variables are related to one another. They are called 'variables' because they can each have a range of possible values. Each data point represents a particular entity - such as a country - for whic
autobiographical memory
mortality data
scatter plot
osteoclasts
14. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - but who actually does not have the disease.
heat capacity
fibrin
false positive
osteoporosis
15. Brain region involved in processing memories and emotional reactions.
single-strand break
amygdale
pulmonary hypertension
vital capacity
16. Visual defects caused by imperfections in the cornea and/or lens of the eye.
iris
adaptive characteristic
placebo effect
refractive errors
17. A graph recording breathing - Which is made with a spirometer.
tolerance
forced vital capacity
spirogram
chronic pain
18. Building replacement tissues to aid repair following damage.
nociceptive pain
proportional morbidity
tissue engineering
laser
19. A method of purifying water - e.g. filtering - that involves individual people treating water as they use it - rather than having purified water delivered to them from a remote water-treatment plant in pipes.
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20. For a screening procedure such as mammography - this value is the number of true negative results expressed as a percentage of the total number of negative results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person
disinfectant
negative predictive value
electronegative
autonomic nervous system
21. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).
ligaments
autograft
residual volume
deoxyribonucleic acid
22. A disorder of the fetus or infant caused by excessive maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy.
radiologist
fetal alcohol syndrome
stochastic
ligaments
23. A molecule that facilitates a reaction but Which is left unchanged at the end; catalysis refers to the action of this.
hyperventilate
catalyst
cognitive-behavioural therapy
gas transfer test
24. A condition in which the conjunctiva is inflamed.
conjunctivitis
ion
inflammation
screening
25. An atom of hydrogen and an atom of oxygen bonded together - Which is bonded to an organic molecule; can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules.
hydroxyl group
hard problem of consciousness
interneuron
LASIK
26. Cells that cover all surfaces of the body. (CS 3 - 4 - 6 & 7)
wave-particle duality
deterministic
epithelial cells
veins
27. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.
incubation period
respiration
gene
cast
28. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl
diffusion
capillaries
osteoblasts
risk factor
29. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.
enzyme
toxin
reward
duct
30. A state in which addicts come to depend upon a drug for their 'normal' mental functioning.
bipedality
psychobiological approach
dependence
incubation period
31. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.
carboxyhaemoglobin
bacteria
double-strand break
bronchus
32. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.
haemoglobin
age-related macular degeneration
veins
vital capacity
33. Industrial chemicals - commonly found as environmental pollutants - that disrupt the hormonal systems of animals - including humans.
high-risk screening
endocrine disruptors
proportional mortality
ecosystems
34. The process of reducing pain - e.g. by taking morphine.
analgesia
sensory neuron
presbyopia
proxy measure
35. A measure of body weight - taking height into account. Calculated by dividing person's weight (mass) in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres squared (m2). In most assessments - 20.0-24.9 is considered to be a normal healthy weight - 20.0 is categ
arteries
body mass index
compact bone
reward
36. Over time - a need for an increasing amount of drug to obtain the same level of effect - e.g. the amount of alcohol required to produce intoxication.
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
tolerance
stem cells
mortality data
37. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t
endocrine system
inspiration
ligaments
adaptive characteristic
38. Most common type of age-related macular degeneration - in which the blood supply to the retina is reduced - resulting in gradual loss of vision.
vitreous humour
concave
synapse
dry AMD
39. The body system consisting of the heart - blood vessels and blood. It circulates blood throughout the body and is also known as the circulatory system.
cardiovascular system
negative feedback
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
veins
40. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.
chemical compound
image
polymer
gas pressure
41. Recognisable assemblages of plants and animals - such as woodland - grassland - rivers - etc. - in which a distinct set of plants and animals live together and interact with one another.
ecosystems
adaptive value
alcoholic liver disease
adaptive characteristic
42. Any fracture where the overlying skin is broken.
lower respiratory infection
sievert
tissue
open fracture
43. A condition in which a person exceeds a certain threshold for the proportion of body weight that consists of fat. In most assessments based on body mass index - a BMI of greater than 30 is defined as clinically obese.
conditional stimulus
obesity
presbyopia
particulates
44. Severe psychological shock.
psychological trauma
insufficiency fracture
false negative
vasopressin
45. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the
excitatory synapse
DNA repair protein
reflection
intensity
46. Often abbreviated to 'compound': a substance made up of two or more elements; it may be composed of molecules or ions.
dry AMD
chemical compound
forced vital capacity
mammography
47. A sudden change in potential difference (voltage) across the cell membrane of neurons - consisting of an increase in the resting potential and a sudden return to the resting value. Transmitted along axons and constitute the principal 'language' of co
connective tissue
nociceptive pain
action potential
morbidity rate
48. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi
brain imaging
proteins
abstinence
opioid
49. The study of toxins and their effects on living organisms.
toxicology
transpiration
gas pressure
hepatitis
50. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).
potential difference
incidence rate
psychobiological approach
double-blind study