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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. It consists only of the atoms characteristic - e.g. hydrogen (H) - oxygen (O) - nitrogen (N) - sodium (Na) - chlorine (Cl) - mercury (Hg). There are 92 naturally oc






2. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.






3. The layer of the eye - between retina and sclera - which absorbs any light that has not interacted with the rods and cones in the retina.






4. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given






5. A characteristic of an organism is said to be adaptive if an individual possessing that characteristic has an advantage over other members of the same species in terms of survival or reproduction; e.g. ability to evade predators - attractiveness to t






6. A method for determining the efficiency of gas transfer between the lungs and the pulmonary blood capillaries.






7. That part of the nervous system that is not within the central nervous system. It is made up of nerves throughout the body.






8. Memory for events or issues related to oneself.






9. A complex molecule composed of smaller molecules (globin and haem) and iron atoms. It is a component of erythrocytes and its function is to bind reversibly to oxygen.






10. The visual condition of long-sightedness in which images of nearby objects cannot be focused sharply.






11. Tissues that are like tendons in terms of structure but connect bones to each other (rather than bones to muscles).






12. An experience Which is accessible only to the person who experiences it in terms of the contents of his or her conscious mind. Such experience is not open to objective observation or measurement by any other individual and hence is contrasted with 'o






13. Molecules or proteins released by immune system cells in the region of an injury - infection or other damage to the tissues. They have several effects including dilation (widening) of blood vessels to increase blood supply to the region. They also at






14. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.






15. A graph recording breathing - Which is made with a spirometer.






16. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.






17. The share of all deaths in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.






18. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(






19. Each element has been assigned one of these - often the first letter - or two of the first letters of the name; for example - H stands for hydrogen - C for carbon - N for nitrogen - Ca for calcium and O for oxygen.






20. The process of breaking down foods in the body into the molecules needed to maintain life.






21. The new tissue formed as a wound repairs - containing tiny new blood vessels that give it a grainy appearance.






22. The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.






23. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.






24. A scale from 0 to 14 describing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution - where 7 is neutral - greater than 7 is more basic (alkaline) and less than 7 is more acidic.






25. Cells that cover all surfaces of the body. (CS 3 - 4 - 6 & 7)






26. The type of blood cell that transports oxygen; also known as a red blood cell.






27. The blood pressure that is detected during heart contractions - Which is higher than the diastolic pressure.






28. Pain that arises from tissue damage in one part of the body - but Which is felt to be arising in a different part of the body. It is said to be 'referred to' a part that is not damaged.






29. Categorised into three progressive stages: fatty liver - hepatitis and cirrhosis.






30. An eye care professional who makes spectacles or contact lenses and advises on suitable frames or lens choices.






31. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.






32. Disease - disorder or disability.






33. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - but who actually does not have the disease.






34. A type of chemical bond formed between a partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge on another atom. In more detail - the bond is formed by the electrical attraction occurring between the partial positive charge remainin






35. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)






36. Matter formed from saliva mixed with mucus and any foreign material such as dust - Which is coughed up (expectorated) from the lower respiratory tract and usually ejected from the mouth.






37. A class of neuron that detects the presence of stimuli in the world - such as tactile events - heat - cold or tissue damage.






38. A group of mammals including monkeys - apes and humans - with limbs adapted for climbing - leaping and swinging - reflecting their arboreal (tree-living) habits or origins - and characterised by having large brains in relation to body size - a short






39. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.






40. A small unit of energy frequently used by physicists and denoted by the symbol eV.






41. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.






42. For a screening procedure such as mammography - the number of true positive results expressed as a percentage of the total number of positive results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person with a positiv






43. The concentration of ethanol in blood given in mg per 100 ml.






44. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.






45. A type of cell that can migrate into wound sites and make new extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen.






46. A chemical that is stored within the axon terminal of a neuron and is released in response to electrical activity within that neuron. It passes the short distance to a neighbouring cell (neuron or muscle cell) where it binds to a neurotransmitter rec






47. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.






48. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the






49. A type of cell that is found within the nervous system and Which is specialised to transmit and process information (colloquially referred to as 'nerve cell').






50. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.