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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An intense conscious occupation with thoughts of the object of an addiction.






2. That part of the nervous system that exerts control over the skeletal muscles and thereby over behaviour.






3. The removal of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule.






4. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.






5. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.






6. The transparent gelatinous fluid within the eyeball (between the lens and the retina).






7. A poisonous substance produced by a living organism - usually injurious to potential prey - predators or competitors.






8. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.






9. A study in which the participants do not know into which group they have been allocated - e.g. whether they have received a drug or a placebo.






10. A process causing evolutionary change over time (from one generation to the next). Individuals that hold an advantage in terms of survival and reproduction - in competition with other individuals - will pass on characteristics that contribute to that






11. Blood that contains a high level of oxygen and in which most of the haemoglobin has been converted into oxyhaemoglobin by bonding to oxygen.






12. The proportion of young - middle-aged and older people in a population. In developing countries - tends to be 'younger' than that of developed countries.






13. Anything that is statistically associated with an increased chance of developing a particular disease - disorder or disability in a population; when the incidence of the disease is examined in different populations it is found to occur more frequentl






14. That part of the nervous system that is not within the central nervous system. It is made up of nerves throughout the body.






15. Degenerative disease of the retina that results in loss of vision in the centre of the visual field. It is caused by an impaired blood supply to the macula. This condition is usually associated with ageing.






16. A method for determining the efficiency of gas transfer between the lungs and the pulmonary blood capillaries.






17. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.






18. A property of the body in which a number of its important parameters are held near to constant and any deviation from their normal value triggers action that tends to restore normality. It is exemplified by the maintenance of body temperature - or of






19. A tissue made up of cells embedded in a matrix of protein fibres which includes bones - fat and tendons; they connect - support - or surround other tissues and organs.






20. Stimuli to pain that are associated with social loss such as bereavement - marital breakdown.






21. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.






22. Injury causing physical damage to the body.






23. The end of an axon which participates in a synapse with another cell.(






24. The behaviour of electromagnetic radiation cannot be adequately described in all situations by any one model. In some situations the wave model is appropriate - in others the particle model - which describes the radiation as photons - must be used.






25. The blood pressure that is detected during heart contractions - Which is higher than the diastolic pressure.






26. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of two electrons - one from each atom at either end of the bond.






27. A complex molecule composed of smaller molecules (globin and haem) and iron atoms. It is a component of erythrocytes and its function is to bind reversibly to oxygen.






28. A condition in which the optic nerve becomes damaged - usually because the pressure of fluid within the eye becomes too high - leading to a progressive loss of vision.






29. The number of photons passing through a given area per second.






30. The new tissue formed as a wound repairs - containing tiny new blood vessels that give it a grainy appearance.






31. The process of inspiring or inhaling; the drawing in of air into the lungs.






32. The mechanisms in the nervous system underlying an automatic and unconscious reaction to a particular stimulus - i.e. a reaction that cannot be controlled by will-power.






33. Complex structures in the body formed from a number of different tissues - which form a distinct structure and serve a particular function - e.g. the heart - the brain - the lungs. (CS 2 & 4)






34. The release of water vapour by plants.






35. A medically qualified person who has chosen to specialise in clinical radiology - the use of imaging to diagnose - treat and monitor various disease processes.






36. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).






37. A device that produces light of a single wavelength Which is transmitted in a narrow and powerful beam.






38. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given






39. One of the two main branches of the windpipe or trachea - leading to the lungs.






40. The ability of bacteria which have acquired a resistance gene to survive the action of an antibiotic drug that kills antibiotic-sensitive bacteria from the same strain.






41. A measure of the real impact of a particular disease - disorder or disability on people's lives (DALY) - combining an estimate of the number of years lived with a reduced quality of life - taking into account the severity of the condition (every cond






42. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.






43. Also known as 'organ systems'; combinations of organs and tissues that function in a coordinated way; e.g. the circulatory system - the nervous system - the respiratory system.






44. Substances in which an interaction or reaction occurs - or in which an event takes place - or chemicals or objects are transported or supported - e.g. a medium through which a wave is transmitted in the refraction of light.






45. The total number of people who have the condition (disease - disorder or disability) at a particular point in time - regardless of how long they have been affected.






46. Any fracture where the skin has not been broken.






47. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.






48. A chemical that reduces microbial contamination of water - surfaces - etc.






49. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).






50. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the