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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
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Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.
respiratory system
levers
microcalcifications
alpha-1 antitrypsin
2. This condition occurs when the arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle become blocked by fatty deposits known as plaques - and areas of muscle die as a result.
coronary heart disease
ecotoxicology
principal focal point
Snellen letter chart
3. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.
xenobiotic
hydroxyl group
chemoreceptor
confounding factor
4. An electrical difference across the membrane of cells that arises from an unequal concentration of ions on either side. It is also termed 'voltage'.
hyperventilate
potential difference
choroid
trachea
5. A medically qualified person who has chosen to specialise in clinical radiology - the use of imaging to diagnose - treat and monitor various disease processes.
water-borne infectious diseases
radiologist
cerebral hemisphere
pupil
6. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va
risk factor
connective tissue
cell
side-effects
7. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.
cones
equivalent dose
immune system
chemical symbol
8. A method of purifying water - e.g. filtering - that involves individual people treating water as they use it - rather than having purified water delivered to them from a remote water-treatment plant in pipes.
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9. The concentration of ethanol in blood given in mg per 100 ml.
stroma
blood-alcohol concentration
total lung capacity
bipedality
10. Tells you which type of atoms are bonded together to make up a compound or molecule - using symbols for its constituent elements. It also shows How many of each type of atom there are (e.g. the formula for carbon dioxide - CO2 - shows it has one carb
neurotransmitter
vacuum
chemical formula
atomic nucleus
11. Injury causing physical damage to the body.
traumatic injury
wet AMD
acute effects
levers
12. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the
sievert
DNA repair protein
extinction
trachea
13. A study in which the participants do not know into which group they have been allocated - e.g. whether they have received a drug or a placebo.
specificity
myofibre
splint
blind study
14. A lens shape with a greater thickness at the centre than at each end.
spirometer
convex
granulation tissue
trachea
15. High blood pressure in the blood vessels supplying the lungs - a sign that blood flow is restricted in some way.
threshold of excitation
photon
ion
pulmonary hypertension
16. A gradual change in about 10% of chronic heavy drinkers whereby liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.
ionic bonding
cirrhosis
cognitive-behavioural therapy
Schwann cells
17. A small airway branching from a bronchus.
stem cells
axon terminal
connective tissue
bronchiole
18. The tissue that forms following healing - Which is not the same in structure as the original tissue.
scar
pulse oximetry
classical conditioning
negative predictive value
19. An eye-surgery technique where the epithelial layer of the eye is removed and laser treatment applied to the tissues exposed beneath (abbreviated to PRK).
bone marrow
cast
photorefractive keratectomy
nucleus
20. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level
bronchus
polyatomic ions
epidemic
cones
21. The energy needed to break a bond between two atoms.
mutagen
Schwann cells
oxidation
bond dissociation energy
22. Abbreviation of a eye-surgery technique where a flap is cut in the cornea and laser treatment applied beneath.
forced vital capacity
fracture
LASIK
wave
23. A measure of the amount of energy from ionising radiation absorbed per kilogram of tissue. It is measured in units of grays where 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram.
haemoglobin
cancer cell
absorbed dose
oestrogens
24. A break in both of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.
visual acuity
structural formula
hormone
double-strand break
25. The time between a pathogen entering its host and the host beginning to show disease symptoms; varies from one infectious disease to another.
incubation period
chemical bond
arteries
sweat glands
26. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.
tendons
child mortality rate
radiographer
abstinence
27. A system of glands (also known as ductless glands) - each of which secretes one or more hormones directly into the bloodstream. (CS 1 - 2 & 3)
mortality rate
endocrine system
trachea
dermis
28. A type of cell that is responsible for contraction in skeletal muscle tissue. They are long and thin and have many nuclei. (Also known as muscle fibre)
adhesion
myofibre
epidemic
accommodation
29. A class of neuron that is neither sensory nor motor.
antagonist
cell membrane
interneuron
respiratory system
30. Much of the brain is divided down its midline into two halves - the left and right of this; also referred to as the 'left brain' and the 'right brain'.
lymph node
age-standardisation
cerebral hemisphere
refractive errors
31. A tissue that covers a surface or lines a space inside the body - forming a barrier or interface across which substances are absorbed or secreted - e.g. the skin - gut lining - and various glands.
diffusion
physiology
invasive cancer
epithelial tissue
32. Ducts lined with epithelial cells that originate in the dermis and release sweat onto the surface of the skin.
disability adjusted life year
addiction
sweat glands
mutation
33. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.
toxin
double bond
disability adjusted life year
negative feedback
34. The system of organs and structures in which gas exchange takes place. In mammals it consists of the airways - the lungs and the muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
respiratory system
low vision
particulates
noxious stimuli
35. The removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.
autonomic nervous system
emphysema
biopsy
carcinoma
36. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
residual volume
chronic pain
agriculture
37. The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would exert if it were alone in a container.
incidence
alcoholic liver disease
mutation
partial pressure
38. A tissue made up of cells embedded in a matrix of protein fibres which includes bones - fat and tendons; they connect - support - or surround other tissues and organs.
gas pressure
wave-particle duality
connective tissue
autobiographical memory
39. The number of cases of a disease - disorder or disability in a population - relative to the total number of people at risk of developing it; usually expressed as the number of cases per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.
photorefractive keratectomy
analgesia
morbidity rate
neuron
40. A therapeutic technique where low-level stimulation is given to the skin and which has the effect of reducing pain (abbreviated to TENS).
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
epidermis
osteoblasts
duct
41. To breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal.
hyperventilate
absorbed dose
evolutionary trade-off
myofibrils
42. The yellow central area of the retina containing the fovea.
colour deficiency
choroid
catalyst
macula lutea
43. A thick ring of muscle that controls pupil size - thereby regulating the amount of light that enters the eye. It forms the coloured portion of the eye.
respiratory system
lower respiratory infection
iris
negative predictive value
44. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.
veins
connective tissue
osteoporosis
duct
45. Tiny particles of calcium that appear as small specks on a mammogram. When clustered in one area of the breast - they may indicate the presence of cancer cells.
microcalcifications
covalent bond
osteoblasts
epidemiology
46. Structures in the kidney that filter the blood and produce the urine.
opportunistic screening
wave
nephrons
morbidity rate
47. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the
referred pain
obesity
cancellous
gate theory
48. An instrument that can be used to measure the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.
sputum
concave
lung function test
spirometer
49. Haemoglobin bound to oxygen molecules. Transports oxygen from blood vessels in the lungs to the cells in the rest of the body.
oxyhaemoglobin
capillaries
laser
developing countries
50. A chemical that has the effect of blocking the action of a natural substance such as a neurochemical. (
ionising radiation
antagonist
disability adjusted life year
extinction
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