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Test your basic knowledge |
Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The clinical approach to tissue repair that seeks to build new tissues in a similar manner to the way in which they form naturally (rather than the way in which they repair after damage).
hepatitis
bacteria
vitreous humour
regenerative medicine
2. A class of natural neurotransmitters that have a similar structure and action to morphine and heroin.
spinal cord
bacteria
chemoreceptor
opioid
3. Deliberately deciding never to drink alcohol.
chemical compound
abstinence
screening
wave-particle duality
4. The number of new cases in a given period - usually a year - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population
traumatic injury
spirometer
atom
incidence rate
5. The visual condition of short-sightedness in which images of distant objects cannot be focused sharply.
presbyopia
laser
polyatomic ions
myopia
6. An intense conscious occupation with thoughts of the object of an addiction.
astigmatism
deoxygenated blood
craving
referred pain
7. A measure of the dose of ionising radiation to an organ that takes into account the type of radiation used. Some types of radiation are more damaging than others (because they tend to lead to double-strand breaks in the DNA rather than the more easil
equivalent dose
diffusion
spectrum
axon terminal
8. Each element has been assigned one of these - often the first letter - or two of the first letters of the name; for example - H stands for hydrogen - C for carbon - N for nitrogen - Ca for calcium and O for oxygen.
chemical symbol
confounding factor
withdrawal symptoms
pulmonary rehabilitation
9. Contains protons - each of which carry a single positive electric charge - and neutrons which are uncharged.
atomic nucleus
vacuum
epidermis
trachoma
10. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.
expiration
photon
endocrine disruptors
regenerative medicine
11. A region of cortex at the front of the brain - where the activity of neurons is associated with voluntary control of behaviour (self-control) and restraint. Biological evidence suggests that mild to moderate doses of alcohol selectively depress the a
respiratory system
prefrontal cortex
age-standardisation
blind study
12. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.
chronic condition
trauma
conditional stimulus
somatic nervous system
13. A measure of the amount of energy from ionising radiation absorbed per kilogram of tissue. It is measured in units of grays where 1 Gy = 1 joule per kilogram.
analgesia
alcohol tolerant
lock-and-key interaction
absorbed dose
14. A class of neurons that convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles.
osteoporosis
arteries
motor neuron
nociception
15. A collection of different brain regions that is activated in response to painful stimuli and is associated with the experience of pain.
osteoclasts
pain matrix
granulation tissue
refraction
16. A narrow beam of light used to show the direction of travel of light from a source.
spectrum
proportional mortality
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
light ray
17. The share of the total morbidity in a population Which is due to a particular cause; it is usually expressed as a percentage.
referred pain
respiratory system
levers
proportional morbidity
18. A very long macromolecule found in the cell nucleus - abbreviated to DNA. It is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics through the generations in all organisms. The genetic information is carried
psychogenic stimuli
deoxyribonucleic acid
atmospheric pressure
adaptive value
19. The curved transparent layer that covers the front part of the eye. This (together with the lens) refracts light to form of an image on the retina - as well as protecting the eye from frontal damage.
gene
cornea
mortality
epidemiology
20. The unit used to measure equivalent dose and effective dose (Sv).
sievert
psychobiological approach
natural selection
action potential
21. Stimuli that are associated with actual or potential damage to body tissues.
cornea
centilitre
capillaries
noxious stimuli
22. Countries that provide universal education for their children - with populations that have high rates of literacy - comprehensive health services and which meet certain other development indicators - such as 100% access to safe drinking water and san
powers of ten
action potential
developed countries
media
23. Pain that arises from psychological triggers such as social loss; e.g. bereavement - marital breakdown.
psychogenic pain
chronic effects
retina
fetal alcohol syndrome
24. A theory of pain that was first proposed by Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack in 1965. It suggests that there is - metaphorically speaking - a 'gate' within the spinal cord such that - if the gate is closed - nociceptive messages can be blocked. If the
wind-up
complementary colours
gate theory
gas pressure
25. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.
closed-angle glaucoma
alcohol myopia
evolutionary trade-off
fracture
26. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.
postsynaptic neuron
lower respiratory infection
osteoporosis
lock-and-key interaction
27. The experience of being in an unpleasant situation - over a period of days - weeks or longer - in which one is unable to exert control over circumstances which are not of one's choosing. The coping resources necessary to meet the demands of this unpl
stress
insufficiency fracture
adaptive characteristic
hypoxia
28. A form of energy that can be described as either a wave or as a flow of 'packets' of energy. It includes gamma rays - X-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves and radio waves. The different types of radiation are distinguished by
selection pressure
electromagnetic radiation
enzyme
craving
29. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.
rods
complementary colours
traumatic injury
postsynaptic neuron
30. Matter formed from saliva mixed with mucus and any foreign material such as dust - Which is coughed up (expectorated) from the lower respiratory tract and usually ejected from the mouth.
pain
sputum
analgesia
pathogens
31. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.
greenstick fracture
phantom pain
stunting
bond dissociation energy
32. A mathematical adjustment that enables disease and mortality rates to be compared from countries with different age-structures - i.e. different proportions of young - middle-aged and older people in their populations. The method involves taking a ver
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
trichiasis
bone marrow
age-standardisation
33. A measure of the refracting power of a lens. Calculated as: 1 / focal length of the lens (in metres). The unit used is dioptres (symbol D). The power of a convex lens is positive; for a concave lens it is negative.
priority eye diseases
pain matrix
optical power
radiographer
34. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.
mortality rate
blood-alcohol concentration
diaphragm
mitochondrio
35. The value of a characteristic in terms of its contribution to the survival and reproductive chances of an animal.
adaptive value
child mortality rate
powers of ten
equivalent dose
36. The eye chart used to determine how well a person can see at various distances. Named after a 19th-century Dutch ophthalmologist Hermann Snellen (1834-1908) who devised a test for visual acuity.
selection pressure
proportional mortality
axon terminal
Snellen letter chart
37. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - and who actually does not have the disease.
vital capacity
true negative
epithelial cells
pulmonary rehabilitation
38. The new tissue formed as a wound repairs - containing tiny new blood vessels that give it a grainy appearance.
bronchodilator
granulation tissue
fetal alcohol syndrome
respiratory system
39. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.
arterial blood gas test
diastolic blood pressure
inhibitory synapse
proteinase
40. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)
malignant cancer
bronchus
optometrist
powers of ten
41. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.
trachoma
cancer cell
double bond
diaphragm
42. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.
cones
transpiration
electromagnetic radiation
refractive errors
43. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi
DNA repair protein
polyatomic ions
brain imaging
fracture
44. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level
epidemic
psychological trauma
spirometer
electron
45. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.
water-borne infectious diseases
closed-angle glaucoma
mitochondrio
tissue
46. A slimy - viscous substance secreted as a protective lubricant by the cells in the lining of the nose - throat and airways. Traps microbes and particles and is swept out of the respiratory system into the throat - to be coughed out or swallowed. Also
immunodeficiency
mucus
connective tissue
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
47. In screening - a person whose screening test result is positive (indicating disease) - and who actually has the disease.
chemoreceptor
acute inflammation
acute condition
true positive
48. A change in the sequences of bases in the DNA of an organism - resulting in an alteration in the manufacture or function of a body protein. Also refers to the process by which such a change in DNA sequence occurs due to the action of a mutagen - e.g.
mutation
pathogens
hyperventilate
colour deficiency
49. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.
osteoclasts
accommodation
psychogenic stimuli
withdrawal symptoms
50. The joining of tissues to each other that may occur abnormally during repair.
adhesion
SI Units
developed countries
proportional mortality