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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A small depression in the retina of the eye - with high visual capability - consisting exclusively of cones.






2. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.






3. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.






4. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






5. The visual condition of long-sightedness in which images of nearby objects cannot be focused sharply.






6. A drug that acts to reduce the signs of inflammation - e.g. swelling - redness - heat and pain.






7. The integrated body system of organs - tissues - cells and proteins that functions to protect the body from potentially pathogenic organisms (microbes) or harmful substances.






8. Countries that are only partly industrialised and where national wealth is below that of the developed economies (also known as low- and middle-income countries). They rely to a much greater degree than developed countries on subsistence farming - sm






9. The organelles found inside myofibres that run the length of the cell and cause contraction.






10. The process of expiring or breathing out; the emission of air from the lungs.






11. The system of organs and structures in which gas exchange takes place. In mammals it consists of the airways - the lungs and the muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the lungs.






12. The areas of the medulla region in the brain that integrate sensory information from chemoreceptors monitoring the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. They send out appropriate signals to regulate the rate of contraction of the respirato






13. A) A process in which the photon energy is captured by a medium - without transmission or reflection. b) The process by which the molecules released from digested food pass through the wall of the gut and into the surrounding blood vessels.






14. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.






15. The distance between atoms in a molecule.






16. The material outside the cells in a tissue in which the cells are embedded. It is mainly made from proteins made by and arranged by the cells.






17. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - and who actually does not have the disease.






18. The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eyeball that contains the visual receptor cells (rods and cones).






19. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi






20. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.






21. An inflammation of the liver which can vary in severity.






22. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration (abbreviated to RV).






23. The opening at the centre of the iris that allows light to enter into the eye.






24. The number of new cases in a given period - usually a year - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population






25. The smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element. Made up of a positively charged atomic nucleus - containing protons and neutrons - surrounded by negatively charged electrons.






26. A small group of atoms bonded together which carry an overall electrical charge; e.g. the bicarbonate ion and the nitrate ion.






27. Intoxication so extreme that it leads to unconsciousness that can result in death.






28. The number of cases of a disease - disorder or disability in a population - relative to the total number of people at risk of developing it; usually expressed as the number of cases per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






29. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






30. An estimate of the probability of developing a particular disease or disorder in a population that has been exposed to a particular risk factor - relative to the probability of developing the condition if the risk factor was not present.






31. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






32. The type of bone that is less dense (compared with compact bone) and contains struts (trabeculae) to provide strength. It is found within the widened areas inside the ends of the bones.






33. Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds - e.g. hydrogen (H2) - water (H2O) - carbon dioxide (CO2).






34. Injury causing physical damage to the body.






35. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues.






36. A chronic - irreversible disease of the lungs characterised by loss of elastic recoil and enlarged air spaces in the lungs due to destruction of the walls of the alveoli and small airways.






37. Brain region involved in processing memories and emotional reactions.






38. Any cell that ingests and destroys foreign particles - bacteria and cell debris.






39. Any physical injury or severe psychological shock.






40. The energy needed to break a bond between two atoms.






41. Disease - disorder or disability.






42. Fine particles of a solid suspended in the air.






43. A symptom of trachoma in which eyelashes grow inwards and scratch the conjunctiva - causing pain - scarring and eventually blindness.






44. A form of notation (also known as 'scientific notation') used for expressing very large or very small numbers.






45. A shell - typically made from plaster or fibreglass - which can be put around a limb in order to encase and support a broken bone until it has healed.






46. The curved transparent layer that covers the front part of the eye. This (together with the lens) refracts light to form of an image on the retina - as well as protecting the eye from frontal damage.






47. A test that evaluates how well the lungs work; also known as a pulmonary function test.






48. The new tissue formed as a wound repairs - containing tiny new blood vessels that give it a grainy appearance.






49. A class of neuron that detects the presence of stimuli in the world - such as tactile events - heat - cold or tissue damage.






50. The number of individual pathogens required to cause disease in an infected person; the number varies from one infectious disease to another.