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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The need to drink much more than in the past to achieve the same effect.






2. A small - thin-walled - air sac in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and the blood.






3. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.






4. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.






5. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given






6. A long chain molecule made up of many repeating units.






7. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.






8. A protein produced in the liver that circulates around the body and blocks the destructive effects of certain proteinase enzymes such as elastase.






9. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (also known as 'malignant' cancer)






10. A group of specialised cells that work together to fulfil a specific function in the body - e.g. muscle.






11. A global strategy to combat trachoma - involving eyelid surgery - antibiotic treatment - attention to facial cleanliness and environmental changes.






12. An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community - region or country - characterised by a sharp increase in the number of cases - followed after an interval by a decline to a normal level






13. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.






14. A chemical reaction involving the addition of oxygen.






15. An early and reversible consequence of excessive alcohol consumption during which fat accumulates within the cells of the liver.






16. Pain that arises from damage to neurons either within the central nervous system or in the periphery of the body.






17. Refers to an infectious disease that can be transmitted by physical contact.






18. Negatively charged particle of almost no mass that surround the nucleus of an atom.






19. The cells that produce new bone.






20. Countries that provide universal education for their children - with populations that have high rates of literacy - comprehensive health services and which meet certain other development indicators - such as 100% access to safe drinking water and san






21. Type of glaucoma in which the outflow of aqueous humour from the eye is blocked because the gap between the iris and the cornea has closed.






22. Stimuli to pain that are associated with social loss such as bereavement - marital breakdown.






23. The entire range or extent of some quantity - arranged in order; e.g. electromagnetic or visible light.






24. A collection of neurons and other cells that is located within the protection of the backbone.






25. A class of neuron that is neither sensory nor motor.






26. The total volume of gas contained in the lungs after a full inspiration (it is equal to vital capacity plus residual volume). (Abbreviated to TLC)






27. A variety of conditions associated with eyesight - from total loss of sight (blindness) to partial sight loss.






28. A cancer that has the ability to spread or metastasise into healthy tissue. (Also called 'invasive' cancer)






29. The systematic application of a test or investigation to people who have not sought medical attention - in order to identify those whose risk of developing a particular disease is sufficient to justify further action.






30. The process whereby oxygen is taken up by cells and used in chemical reactions involving the oxidation of nutrient molecules (e.g. glucose) derived from food; these reactions release usable chemical energy for cellular processes. (CS 5 & 7)






31. An atom of hydrogen and an atom of oxygen bonded together - Which is bonded to an organic molecule; can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules.






32. A form of plasticity within the connections between the neurons that underlie nociception and pain - such that - over time - increasing levels of pain are experienced even though the stimulus remains unchanged.






33. The tissue that forms following healing - Which is not the same in structure as the original tissue.






34. A condition in which the optic nerve becomes damaged - usually because the pressure of fluid within the eye becomes too high - leading to a progressive loss of vision.






35. A graft where the donor tissue comes from the same person (as opposed to an allograft where it comes from another person).






36. That part of the nervous system which exerts an influence over a number of the internal organs of the body - such as the gut - heart and blood vessels. Functions without conscious intervention.






37. Particulates suspended in air that are less than 10 micrometres in diameter.






38. The study of the fate of chemical contaminants in the natural environment and their effects on plants - animals and ecosystems.






39. Tissue that is found at joints and during bone repair. Its structure is a bit like bone without the mineral component - giving a smooth and resilient surface to the ends of bones to aid movement at joints.






40. Recognisable assemblages of plants and animals - such as woodland - grassland - rivers - etc. - in which a distinct set of plants and animals live together and interact with one another.






41. A substance (usually liquid) in which other substances dissolve.






42. A chemical that is stored within the axon terminal of a neuron and is released in response to electrical activity within that neuron. It passes the short distance to a neighbouring cell (neuron or muscle cell) where it binds to a neurotransmitter rec






43. The process by which collagen is produced by fibroblasts following tissue damage - often resulting in scar formation.






44. An aspect of a characteristic that represents an adaptive compromise between two opposing evolutionary pressures; e.g. the human pelvis represents a compromise between being narrow - Which is necessary for running at speed - and being wide - Which is






45. A study in which neither the participants (e.g. patients) nor the experimenters (e.g. therapists) know into which group the participants have been allocated (e.g. either drug or placebo groups).






46. A graph recording breathing - Which is made with a spirometer.






47. A group of primates - to which modern humans belong - characterised by upright posture and a very large brain in relation to body size.






48. The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.






49. The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eyeball that contains the visual receptor cells (rods and cones).






50. A physiological reaction occurring in the body - triggered by the perception of aversive or threatening situations.