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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An eye-surgery technique where the epithelial layer of the eye is removed and laser treatment applied to the tissues exposed beneath (abbreviated to PRK).






2. Diseases in which the pathogen causing the disease lives part of its life cycle in water; e.g. cholera - cryptosporidiosis.






3. A chemical that has the effect of blocking the action of a natural substance such as a neurochemical. (






4. Often abbreviated to 'compound': a substance made up of two or more elements; it may be composed of molecules or ions.






5. A sensory nerve cell or group of cells that responds to a chemical stimulus.






6. Photoreceptor cells that are responsible for night vision. These cells provide no information about colour.






7. Immune system cells that circulate around the body helping to protect it from infection and some other types of disease; also known as white cells.






8. To breathe more rapidly and deeply than normal.






9. The yellow central area of the retina containing the fovea.






10. The spread of malignant - cancerous cells to other parts of the body by way of the blood or lymph vessels.






11. A subunit of the scientific unit of volume - the litre. One litre can be divided into 1000 of these.






12. The number of deaths in a population - either from all causes combined or from a specific cause - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) people in the population.






13. A method of purifying water - e.g. filtering - that involves individual people treating water as they use it - rather than having purified water delivered to them from a remote water-treatment plant in pipes.

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14. A lens shape with a greater thickness at each end than through the centre.






15. In screening - a person whose screening test result is negative (indicating no disease) - but who actually has the disease.






16. Abbreviation of a eye-surgery technique where a flap is cut in the cornea and laser treatment applied beneath.






17. Literally meaning 'alien to nature' - the term is commonly used to refer to chemicals in the natural environment that are of human origin.






18. Any fracture where the overlying skin is broken.






19. A condition in which the optic nerve becomes damaged - usually because the pressure of fluid within the eye becomes too high - leading to a progressive loss of vision.






20. The term given to those units of measurement that scientists all over the world have agreed to use in their publications; e.g. the second (s) - the kilogram (kg) - and the metre (m).






21. A small unit of energy frequently used by physicists and denoted by the symbol eV.






22. Number of new cases of a condition diagnosed in a population in a given period - usually one year.






23. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.






24. The part of a neuron that consists of a long wire-like projection - ending in a terminal which participates in a synapse with another cell. Action potentials are transmitted along these.






25. One of a family of similar chemicals that have the generic name of 'alcohol' - with the chemical formula C2H5OH.






26. A condition in which the immune system fails to respond normally to an infection; it can be caused by a genetic defect and by HIV/AIDS - as well as by malnutrition.






27. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.






28. Matter formed from saliva mixed with mucus and any foreign material such as dust - Which is coughed up (expectorated) from the lower respiratory tract and usually ejected from the mouth.






29. The distance between the principle focal point and the centre of a lens.






30. The outer waterproof protective layer of the skin.






31. A property of the body in which a number of its important parameters are held near to constant and any deviation from their normal value triggers action that tends to restore normality. It is exemplified by the maintenance of body temperature - or of






32. A value which can be used to calculate the degree to which X-rays (or other radiation) are reduced in intensity when passing through a material (e.g. human tissue).






33. The tissues that attach muscles to bones.






34. An insoluble fibrous protein that forms clots following tissue damage.






35. The process of detecting stimuli that cause actual or potential damage to the tissues of the body.






36. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t






37. A fracture that occurs because the bone has been weakened through osteoporosis.






38. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.






39. A qualified doctor who has specialised in the diagnosis and treatment of eye conditions - and who can perform eye surgery.






40. A change in the sequences of bases in the DNA of an organism - resulting in an alteration in the manufacture or function of a body protein. Also refers to the process by which such a change in DNA sequence occurs due to the action of a mutagen - e.g.






41. The material outside the cells in a tissue in which the cells are embedded. It is mainly made from proteins made by and arranged by the cells.






42. The transparent gelatinous fluid within the eyeball (between the lens and the retina).






43. A break in one of the helical strands of a DNA molecule - caused by ionising radiation.






44. Any one of numerous proteins in a mammalian cell that are part of the machinery that detects and repairs mistakes in DNA caused by errors during DNA copying - or by the effects of mutagens. They help to minimise the number of mutations - and when the






45. A state of inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs - often as a result of severe blood loss.






46. A chemical reaction involving the addition of oxygen.






47. A class of neurons that convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles.






48. A painful eye condition caused by repeated infections with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis .






49. A two-dimensional map or projection of an object.






50. A protein that is abundant in the extracellular matrix and can form long thin fibres to provide structure to many tissues.







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