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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A screening programme (sometimes called 'mass screening') that aims to screen everyone in a particular population group (rarely every citizen) - e.g. everyone over the age of 50 years - or all newborn babies. Attempts are made to screen everyone in t






2. The release of water vapour by plants.






3. Optimal corrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 - i.e. wearing optimal correcting lenses - the individual can distinguish letters on a test chart at 6 metres that a person with normal vision could read at 18 metres






4. The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells - oxidation of nutrient molecules releases useable energy - and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.






5. The cells associated with peripheral neurons that wrap themselves around the axons.






6. Countries that are only partly industrialised and where national wealth is below that of the developed economies (also known as low- and middle-income countries). They rely to a much greater degree than developed countries on subsistence farming - sm






7. An irreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - in which airway obstruction causes breathing difficulties - including shortness of breath.






8. The spread of malignant - cancerous cells to other parts of the body by way of the blood or lymph vessels.






9. Blood vessels that convey blood away from the heart.






10. A complex molecule composed of smaller molecules (globin and haem) and iron atoms. It is a component of erythrocytes and its function is to bind reversibly to oxygen.






11. A protein produced in the liver that circulates around the body and blocks the destructive effects of certain proteinase enzymes such as elastase.






12. Pain that appears to arise in a part of the body that no longer exists - e.g. in a limb that has been amputated.






13. The effects of ionising radiation are said to be this if there is a threshold below which there is no effect - and if above that threshold - the severity depends on the amount of radiation received.






14. Radiation which can cause ionisation. From the electromagnetic spectrum this includes gamma rays - X-rays and some high-energy ultraviolet radiation.






15. The number of new cases in a given period - usually a year - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population






16. The pressure exerted by blood pressing on the walls of the arteries. This is frequently expressed as two numbers - systolic (higher pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic (lower pressure between heart contractions) - measured in mmHg.






17. A representation using chemical symbols that shows the order in which the atoms are joined together; e.g. the structural formula of water is shown as HOH.






18. A scale from 0 to 14 describing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution - where 7 is neutral - greater than 7 is more basic (alkaline) and less than 7 is more acidic.






19. A cancerous tumour arising in epithelial tissue that has the ability to metastasise (spread) to other parts of the body.






20. The corneal tissue consisting mainly of collagen fibres arranged in a manner that permits light transmission.






21. Degenerative disease of the retina that results in loss of vision in the centre of the visual field. It is caused by an impaired blood supply to the macula. This condition is usually associated with ageing.






22. Haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide. It is formed in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled - reducing the ability of the blood to form oxyhaemoglobin.






23. The energy needed to break a bond between two atoms.






24. The photoreceptor cells located in the retina that are responsible for daytime and colour vision.






25. A non-invasive method of measuring the level of oxygenation of the blood by using light absorption to calculate the relative levels of haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin.






26. An approach to explanation which implies two closely related things: (i) both biological and psychological sciences have central roles in the explanation - and (ii) a given phenomenon to be studied within this perspective - such as pain - has both bi






27. Molecules or proteins released by immune system cells in the region of an injury - infection or other damage to the tissues. They have several effects including dilation (widening) of blood vessels to increase blood supply to the region. They also at






28. A group of enzymes that degrade proteins by splitting the protein chain into smaller molecules; also called a 'protease'.






29. An electrical difference across the membrane of cells that arises from an unequal concentration of ions on either side. It is also termed 'voltage'.






30. The experience of being in an unpleasant situation - over a period of days - weeks or longer - in which one is unable to exert control over circumstances which are not of one's choosing. The coping resources necessary to meet the demands of this unpl






31. Recognisable assemblages of plants and animals - such as woodland - grassland - rivers - etc. - in which a distinct set of plants and animals live together and interact with one another.






32. A disease in which an excessive loss of bone structure occurs.






33. The number of children who die under five years of age in a given year - usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.






34. A covalent bond formed by the sharing of four electrons - two from each atom at either end of the bond.






35. A response to a stimulus or substance (such as alcohol) which occurs rapidly and produces severe - possibly life-threatening - symptoms.






36. The need to drink much more than in the past to achieve the same effect.






37. Long chain-like molecules (polymers) made from smaller molecules called amino acids joined by chemical bonds. The chains fold up into complex shapes giving them a wide range of functions. Major constituent of all organisms.






38. Colours on opposite sides of the colour circle.






39. An excessive engagement in an activity despite negative consequences and a dependence upon the activity such that when access is denied - craving and withdrawal symptoms are seen. Most usually refers to dependency on a chemical substance but need not






40. Being shorter at a given age by a specified amount below the population average.






41. The process of reducing pain - e.g. by taking morphine.






42. Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person (also known as 'non-infectious diseases' or 'chronic conditions' or 'long-term conditions'); they mainly develop slowly over time and persist for a long period - or are irreversible; e.g. canc






43. Death.






44. An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.(






45. A segment of this contains the coded information required for a cell to make a particular protein. Humans probably have about 25 000. Different forms or variants of these - called alleles - determine how these characteristics are expressed in a given






46. A shell - typically made from plaster or fibreglass - which can be put around a limb in order to encase and support a broken bone until it has healed.






47. The tissue that forms following healing - Which is not the same in structure as the original tissue.






48. A poisonous substance produced by a living organism - usually injurious to potential prey - predators or competitors.






49. The body system consisting of the heart - blood vessels and blood. It circulates blood throughout the body and is also known as the circulatory system.






50. A measure of the refracting power of a lens. Calculated as: 1 / focal length of the lens (in metres). The unit used is dioptres (symbol D). The power of a convex lens is positive; for a concave lens it is negative.







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