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Introduction To Health Sciences Vocab

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The type of muscle tissue that is responsible for moving parts of the musculoskeletal system.






2. The basic structural unit of all organisms; there are many different kinds in multicellular organisms. In mammals - including humans - they are usually composed of a nucleus containing genetic material - surrounded by the watery cytosol containing va






3. A variety of conditions associated with eyesight - from total loss of sight (blindness) to partial sight loss.






4. The organelles found inside myofibres that run the length of the cell and cause contraction.






5. A system of glands (also known as ductless glands) - each of which secretes one or more hormones directly into the bloodstream. (CS 1 - 2 & 3)






6. The body system consisting of the heart - blood vessels and blood. It circulates blood throughout the body and is also known as the circulatory system.






7. Rigid structures (such as bones) that can move about a fulcrum in response to forces in order to transfer force from one place to another. They can modify the size of the force and the distance of motion.






8. Complex structures in the body formed from a number of different tissues - which form a distinct structure and serve a particular function - e.g. the heart - the brain - the lungs. (CS 2 & 4)






9. A tube conveying a body fluid - especially a glandular secretion - for example milk from the lobules of the mammary gland to the nipple.






10. The cells that produce new bone.






11. An alternative way of modelling the energy from an electromagnetic wave; small packets of energy and the energy of each depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.






12. An event that follows a particular behaviour and which strengthens the tendency to repeat that behaviour. For example - if relaxation follows drinking alcohol it would be said to reinforce the tendency to drink alcohol.






13. The process of reducing pain - e.g. by taking morphine.






14. A muscular structure at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that constricts and closes when food is present in the stomach - preventing it from passing into the small intestine.






15. The neuron that stores and releases neurotransmitter at a synapse with another neuron or a muscle cell.






16. A thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytosol and organelles of a cell.






17. Pain of relatively short duration and associated with actual damage to tissues.






18. The curved transparent layer that covers the front part of the eye. This (together with the lens) refracts light to form of an image on the retina - as well as protecting the eye from frontal damage.






19. For a screening procedure such as mammography - the number of true positive results expressed as a percentage of the total number of positive results (true or false). It tells (other things being equal) What the chance is that a person with a positiv






20. Also known as 'organ systems'; combinations of organs and tissues that function in a coordinated way; e.g. the circulatory system - the nervous system - the respiratory system.






21. Large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.






22. A break in the continuity of a bone. Classified according to the extent of damage and the subsequent position of the broken pieces.






23. The transparent fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the lens of the eye.






24. Degenerative disease of the retina that results in loss of vision in the centre of the visual field. It is caused by an impaired blood supply to the macula. This condition is usually associated with ageing.






25. The cells that resorb (disassemble) bone.






26. Deliberately deciding never to drink alcohol.






27. The total amount of air that can be forcefully expired from fully inflated lungs - abbreviated to FVC.






28. A substance produced by an endocrine gland that is carried around the body in the blood - and affects the structure or functions of specifically receptive target organs or tissues.






29. Any factor Which is statistically associated with a particular outcome (e.g. the incidence of a disease) - but Which is not involved in its causation. The association can disguise the true cause (or causes) of the outcome.






30. The total amount of air that can be taken in to the lungs during a maximum inspiration - or expelled during a maximal expiration. (Abbreviated to VC)






31. The skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis and provides the strength and elasticity of the skin.






32. The type of blood cell that transports oxygen; also known as a red blood cell.






33. The expansion of narrow blood vessels immediately beneath the skin; as they dilate they can carry more blood.






34. A group of steroid hormones produced mainly by the ovaries (some are also produced by fat deposits in the body) - which are responsible for promoting the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics.






35. Qualified to employ a range of equipment such as X-rays - MRI scanners - etc. to produce images to diagnose an injury or disease. They will then have undergone further specialist training in mammography. (Two types - diagnostic and therapeutic; the l






36. The total number of people who have a disease - disorder or disability at a particular point in time - expressed as a rate per 1000 (or per 10 000 - or per 100 000 or per million) population.






37. An insoluble fibrous protein that forms clots following tissue damage.






38. A technique for monitoring the activity of the different regions of the brain. One method involves injecting a radioactive tracer substance and measuring its later appearance in different brain regions; high concentrations correspond to regions of hi






39. Haemoglobin bound to oxygen molecules. Transports oxygen from blood vessels in the lungs to the cells in the rest of the body.






40. The thinnest blood vessels.






41. A class of neuron that detects the presence of stimuli in the world - such as tactile events - heat - cold or tissue damage.






42. A muscular wall separating the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.






43. A very long macromolecule found in the cell nucleus - abbreviated to DNA. It is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics through the generations in all organisms. The genetic information is carried






44. The separation of waste products from the blood.






45. A group of primates - to which modern humans belong - characterised by upright posture and a very large brain in relation to body size.






46. A factor that strengthens a tendency to engage in a particular behaviour.






47. An activity where the eye is constantly focused on objects nearby (e.g. reading).






48. Characteristic signs that follow the termination of taking a drug - most usually associated with a negative mood. There can also be characteristic physiological signs associated with particular drugs - e.g. sweating and shivering.






49. A synapse at which the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron has an inhibitory effect on a postsynaptic cell - i.e. it inhibits the appearance of action potentials in the second cell.






50. Most common type of age-related macular degeneration - in which the blood supply to the retina is reduced - resulting in gradual loss of vision.