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IPV4 Addressing

Subject : it-skills

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. What TCP/IP protocol suite layer corresponds to the network layer of the OSI model?
Internet
Uniquely identify every application in the network
Push
Loose source routing; Strict source routing; Record route; Timestamp

2. What is the IPv4 Protocol number for IP in IP encapsulation?
Used by a host to obtain the IP address associated with another host's MAC address
4
8
DSCP (6-bit); ECN (2-bit)

3. What is ICANN?
Version (4-bit); Header Length (4-bit); ToS (8-bit); Total Length (16-bit); Identifier (16-bit); Flags (3-bit); Fragment Offset (13-bit); TTL (8-bit); Protocol (8-bit); Header Checksum (16-bit); Source Address (32-bit); Destination Address (32-bit);
2
Internet Corporation for Assigned Network Numbers
255.255.255.252

4. Who group public IPv4 address space by major geographic region?
192.0.2.0/24
ICANN and IANA
Class A 0; Class B 10; Class C 110; Class D 1110; Class E 1111
0x0800

5. What is the format of an ARP packet?
ECN-Echo
192.88.99.0/24
Hardware type (16-bit); Protocol type (16-bit); Hardware address length (8-bit); Protocol address length (8-bit); Operation (16-bit); Sender hardware address; Sender protocol address; Target hardware address; Target protocol address
IP Precedence (3-bit); ToS (4-bit); Reserved (1-bit)

6. What is ECE?
9
ECN-Echo
RIRs
Method where routers - by responding to ARP requests for IP addresses in different subnets - make themselves available to hosts with no default gateway configured

7. What is the IPv4 Protocol number for EIGRP?
Internet Control Message Protocol
88
IP Precedence (3-bit); ToS (4-bit); Reserved (1-bit)
46

8. What is LIR?
Local Internet Registry
Protocols that include subnet masks in their routing updates
20 octets
Router#clear arp-cache [{interface {interface}} | {ip-address}]

9. What are classful routing protocols?

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10. What is the format of a TCP header?
Destination Unreachable
Redirect
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); Sequence Number (32-bit); Acknowledgement Number (32-bit); Header Length (4-bit); Reserved (4-bit); Flags (8-bit); Windows Size (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Urgent Pointer (16-bit); Options; Padding
Address Resolution Protocol

11. What is ICMP Type 8?
Protocols that include subnet masks in their routing updates
4
Echo
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); Sequence Number (32-bit); Acknowledgement Number (32-bit); Header Length (4-bit); Reserved (4-bit); Flags (8-bit); Windows Size (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Urgent Pointer (16-bit); Options; Padding

12. What is a TCP port number of an application called when it is coupled with the IP address of the server?
Used by IRDP on some operating systems to discover local routers
Hardware type (16-bit); Protocol type (16-bit); Hardware address length (8-bit); Protocol address length (8-bit); Operation (16-bit); Sender hardware address; Sender protocol address; Target hardware address; Target protocol address
An ARP request issued by a host with its own IPv4 address as the target address
Socket

13. What is URG?
1
RIRs
Router(config)#ip netmask-format {bit-count | decimal | hexadecimal}
Urgent

14. What is the content of the Maximum Segment Size (MSS) in the Option field of the TCP header?
Largest segment size that the sender is willing to accept
Host-to-host
Padding of zeros to ensure that the header ends on a 32-bit boundary
Open Systems Interconnection

15. Who administers and registers IP address space and AS numbers within a region?
Uniquely identify every application in the network
47
RIRs
Sequence Numbers

16. What is TCP?
Length of header in words (32-bit)
Transmission Control Protocol
National Internet Registry
Router Advertisement

17. Who owns the processes by which public IP address space and AS numbers are allocated and assigned?
ICANN
Used by IRDP on some operating systems to discover local routers
Offset - in units of eight octets - from the beginning of the original header to the beginning of the fragment
255.255.255.252

18. Disables the sending of ICMP redirect messages
IPv4 and IPv6
Router(config-if)#no ip redirects
ICANN and IANA
IP Precedence (3-bit); ToS (4-bit); Reserved (1-bit)

19. Who administers and registers public IP address space and AS numbers within a country or economic unit?
Urgent
Router(config)#ip arp proxy disable
47
NIRs

20. What is the IPv4 Protocol number of RSVP?
2
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); Sequence Number (32-bit); Acknowledgement Number (32-bit); Header Length (4-bit); Reserved (4-bit); Flags (8-bit); Windows Size (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Urgent Pointer (16-bit); Options; Padding
60 octets
46

21. What field identifies where the TCP encapsulated data fits within the data stream from the sender?
ICANN and IANA
Sequence Number
Router(config)#ip arp proxy disable
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); Sequence Number (32-bit); Acknowledgement Number (32-bit); Header Length (4-bit); Reserved (4-bit); Flags (8-bit); Windows Size (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Urgent Pointer (16-bit); Options; Padding

22. What is added after the Option field in the TCP header?
1 Determine how many subnets are required; 2 Determine how many hosts per subnet are required; 3 Determine the subnet mask for each subnet; 4 Calculate the network address for each subnet
Host-to-host
They are the same byte - but the names and value interpretations are different
Padding of zeros to ensure that the header ends on a 32-bit boundary

23. What is OSI?
Sequence Number
Windowing
Open Systems Interconnection
Redirect

24. What is the format of the Flags field in the IPv4 header?
Don't Fragment
Reserved (1-bit); DF (1-bit); MF (1-bit)
Network interface
Loose source routing; Strict source routing; Record route; Timestamp

25. Which RFC defines the private IPv4 address ranges?
RFC 1918
Hardware type (16-bit); Protocol type (16-bit); Hardware address length (8-bit); Protocol address length (8-bit); Operation (16-bit); Sender hardware address; Sender protocol address; Target hardware address; Target protocol address
Router(config)#ip netmask-format {bit-count | decimal | hexadecimal}
1 Determine how many subnets are required; 2 Determine how many hosts per subnet are required; 3 Determine the subnet mask for each subnet; 4 Calculate the network address for each subnet

26. Which IPv4 address range is reserved for use in documentation and example code?
192.0.2.0/24
Used by a host to obtain the IPv4 address associated with its own MAC address
More Fragments follow
Time to Live

27. What is the content of the TCP Window Size field?
Time to Live
88
IANA
Number of octets - starting with the octet indicated by the Acknowledgement Number - that the receiver will accept from the sender before the sender must stop transmitting and wait for a new Acknowledgement

28. What are the private IPv4 address ranges?
Mostly large ISPs - enterprises - or academic institutions
The next sequence number that the source expects to receive from the destination
88
10.0.0.0/8; 172.16.0.0/12; 192.168.0.0/16

29. What are the uses of gratuitous ARP?
CWR (1-bit); ECE (1-bit); URG (1-bit); ACK (1-bit); PSH (1-bit); RST (1-bit); SYN (1-bit); FIN (1-bit)
255.255.255.248
Loose source routing; Strict source routing; Record route; Timestamp
Duplicate address checks; Advertise new data-link identifiers; Update the ARP caches of hosts

30. What is the minimum length of an IPv4 header?
6
DHCP
20 octets
Transmission Control Protocol

31. What is Reverse ARP?
Router#clear arp-cache [{interface {interface}} | {ip-address}]
1
60 octets
Used by a host to obtain the IPv4 address associated with its own MAC address

32. What is SYN?
47
0 Routine; 1 Priority; 2 Immediate; 3 Flash; 4 Flash Override; 5 Critical; 6 Internetwork Control; 7 Network Control
Synchronize
Number of octets - starting with the octet indicated by the Acknowledgement Number - that the receiver will accept from the sender before the sender must stop transmitting and wait for a new Acknowledgement

33. Which RFC defines the special use IPv4 address ranges?
0.0.0.0/8
All Internet Registries
Application
RFC 3330

34. Which IPv4 address range is reserved for IPv6 to IPv4 (6to4) relays (RFC 3068)?
Identifier; Flags and Fragmentation Offset
Router(config-if)#no ip proxy-arp
192.88.99.0/24
RIRs

35. Who assigns IP address space to its own customers?
LIRs
Router#clear arp-cache [{interface {interface}} | {ip-address}]
Network interface
Transmission Control Protocol

36. What is prefix /27 in decimal notation?
10.0.0.0/8; 172.16.0.0/12; 192.168.0.0/16
255.255.255.224
Socket
URG flag set

37. What is covered by the TCP Checksum field?
198.18.0.0/15
169.254.0.0/16
RIPv1 and IGRP
Both the TCP header and the encapsulated data

38. What is the ARP Operation value for an ARP Reply?
1-2 Network interface; 3 Internet; 4 Host-to-host; 5-7 Application
Length of header in words (32-bit)
2
Number of octets - starting with the octet indicated by the Acknowledgement Number - that the receiver will accept from the sender before the sender must stop transmitting and wait for a new Acknowledgement

39. What is the the MF-bit in the IPv4 header?
More Fragments follow
0x0800
CWR (1-bit); ECE (1-bit); URG (1-bit); ACK (1-bit); PSH (1-bit); RST (1-bit); SYN (1-bit); FIN (1-bit)
8

40. Adds a permanent static ARP entry for an Ethernet host
89
Router(config)#arp {ip-address} {mac-address} arpa
Both the TCP header and the encapsulated data
47

41. What is the purpose of a socket?
169.254.0.0/16
Uniquely identify every application in the network
IANA
Application

42. What is the format of the Flags field in the TCP header?
Router#show arp
Each router decrements the TTL
CWR (1-bit); ECE (1-bit); URG (1-bit); ACK (1-bit); PSH (1-bit); RST (1-bit); SYN (1-bit); FIN (1-bit)
Router(config)#arp {ip-address} {mac-address} arpa

43. What is the ARP Hardware address length value for Ethernet?
IANA
6
4
4

44. What routing protocols are classful?
Protocols that include subnet masks in their routing updates
RIPv1 and IGRP
Minimize Delay (1-bit); Maximise Throughput (1-bit); Maximise Reliability (1-bit); Minimize Monetary Cost (1-bit)
Internet Service Provider

45. What is the format of an ICMP header?
Router(config)#ip arp proxy disable
Type (8-bit); Code (8-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Variable fields
88
Internet Control Message Protocol

46. What mechanisms are used by TCP to provide reliable segment delivery?
ICANN
Offset - in units of eight octets - from the beginning of the original header to the beginning of the fragment
Hardware type (16-bit); Protocol type (16-bit); Hardware address length (8-bit); Protocol address length (8-bit); Operation (16-bit); Sender hardware address; Sender protocol address; Target hardware address; Target protocol address
Acknowledgements - checksums and timers

47. What is ACK?
Acknowledgement
RFC 1918
Maximum Segment Size (MSS)
Address Resolution Protocol

48. What is the TTL field in the IPv4 header?
RIPv1 and IGRP
Time to Live
Synchronize
DHCP

49. Enables debugging output for ARP transactions
Each router decrements the TTL
Length of header in words (32-bit)
Router#debug arp
Router Selection

50. What is the IPv4 Protocol number for IGMP?
0x0800
IANA
2
Acknowledgements - checksums and timers

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IPV4 Addressing

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