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IPV4 Addressing

Subject : it-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What mechanisms are used by TCP to provide reliable segment delivery?
The next sequence number that the source expects to receive from the destination
Acknowledgements - checksums and timers
9
Per-Hop Behaviour (PHB)

2. What is RST?
Reset
Final
20 octets
Internet

3. What are the uses of gratuitous ARP?
Sequence Number + Data payload octets + 1
Duplicate address checks; Advertise new data-link identifiers; Update the ARP caches of hosts
Mostly large ISPs - enterprises - or academic institutions
Destination Unreachable

4. What is prefix /25 in decimal notation?
255.255.255.128
Method where routers - by responding to ARP requests for IP addresses in different subnets - make themselves available to hosts with no default gateway configured
Redirect
Windowing

5. What is the maximum length of an IPv4 header?
Router(config-if)#no ip proxy-arp
Host-to-host
60 octets
Each router decrements the TTL

6. What is the value of the TCP Reserved field?
255.255.255.224
10.0.0.0/8; 172.16.0.0/12; 192.168.0.0/16
Echo
0

7. What is the formula to calculate the next Sequence Number based on the Sequence Number of the current TCP segment?
Sequence Numbers
4
Mostly large ISPs - enterprises - or academic institutions
Sequence Number + Data payload octets + 1

8. What is the recommended default TTL?
DHCP
88
Destination Unreachable
64

9. Who are LIRs?
Redirect
Router#debug arp
169.254.0.0/16
Mostly large ISPs - enterprises - or academic institutions

10. Which IPv4 address range is reserved for link-local addresses when DHCP fails?
Router#clear arp-cache [{interface {interface}} | {ip-address}]
Minimize Delay (1-bit); Maximise Throughput (1-bit); Maximise Reliability (1-bit); Minimize Monetary Cost (1-bit)
Application
169.254.0.0/16

11. What is the ARP Operation value for an Inverse ARP Request?
8
Hardware type (16-bit); Protocol type (16-bit); Hardware address length (8-bit); Protocol address length (8-bit); Operation (16-bit); Sender hardware address; Sender protocol address; Target hardware address; Target protocol address
Urgent
Network interface

12. Which IPv4 address range is reserved for loopback testing?
127.0.0.0/8
URG flag set
RFC 3330
Router(config-if)#no ip proxy-arp

13. What is the ARP Protocol address length value for IPv4?
The next sequence number that the source expects to receive from the destination
198.18.0.0/15
Identifier; Flags and Fragmentation Offset
4

14. What is the format of the TCP Header Length field?
Length of header in words (32-bit)
192.88.99.0/24
Transmission Control Protocol
Destination Unreachable

15. What is ICMP Type 10?
Number of octets to be added to the Sequence Number to indicate the end of the urgent data
Router(config)#ip arp proxy disable
Time Exceeded
Router Selection

16. What is the name of the queuing and forwarding of IP packets based on DiffServ?
Router(config-if)#arp timeout {seconds}
Number of octets to be added to the Sequence Number to indicate the end of the urgent data
Per-Hop Behaviour (PHB)
The next sequence number that the source expects to receive from the destination

17. What is the IPv4 Protocol number for OSPF?
192.88.99.0/24
127.0.0.0/8
Reset
89

18. What is added after the option field in the IPv4 header?
Internet Control Message Protocol
4
Padding of zeros to ensure that the header ends on a 32-bit boundary
DHCP

19. What are the protocol categories that describe the physical layer?
Open Systems Interconnection
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
Electrical/Optical - Mechanical - Functional and Procedural
Acknowledgement

20. What is the function of ICMP router advertisement and router selection messages?
Used by IRDP on some operating systems to discover local routers
Time to Live
Uniquely identify every application in the network
Router#show arp

21. Who administers and registers public IP address space and AS numbers within a country or economic unit?
Length of header in words (32-bit)
Congestion Window Reduced
NIRs
Time to Live

22. What is the ARP Operation value for an ARP Request?
RIRs
255.255.255.248
Used by routers to notify hosts of another router on the data link that should be used for a particular destination
1

23. What is prefix /26 in decimal notation?
10.0.0.0/8; 172.16.0.0/12; 192.168.0.0/16
IPv4 and IPv6
255.255.255.192
169.254.0.0/16

24. What is NIR?
6
National Internet Registry
Each router decrements the TTL
255.255.255.240

25. What mechanism is used by TCP to regulate the flow of segments?
255.255.255.192
Windowing
More Fragments follow
Congestion Window Reduced

26. What is LIR?
Local Internet Registry
Router#clear arp-cache [{interface {interface}} | {ip-address}]
Largest segment size that the sender is willing to accept
The next sequence number that the source expects to receive from the destination

27. What is RIR?
Regional Internet Registry
0.0.0.0/8
89
ICANN

28. Disables proxy ARP on all interfaces
Method where routers - by responding to ARP requests for IP addresses in different subnets - make themselves available to hosts with no default gateway configured
Network interface
Reset
Router(config)#ip arp proxy disable

29. What is ARP?
Router#show arp
Number of octets to be added to the Sequence Number to indicate the end of the urgent data
IANA
Address Resolution Protocol

30. What is the ARP Protocol type value for IPv4?
Used by IRDP on some operating systems to discover local routers
0x0800
Address Resolution Protocol
Time to Live

31. What is the TTL field in the IPv4 header?
Used by a host to obtain the IP address associated with another host's MAC address
Time to Live
Sequence Number
Congestion Window Reduced

32. What are the most frequently used options in the IPv4 header?
Protocols that don't include subnet masks in their routing updates
Loose source routing; Strict source routing; Record route; Timestamp
IP Precedence (3-bit); ToS (4-bit); Reserved (1-bit)
89

33. What is ICMP Type 5?
Sequence Numbers
Redirect
Echo Reply
DHCP

34. What is the format of an ARP packet?
Padding of zeros to ensure that the header ends on a 32-bit boundary
Version (4-bit); Header Length (4-bit); ToS (8-bit); Total Length (16-bit); Identifier (16-bit); Flags (3-bit); Fragment Offset (13-bit); TTL (8-bit); Protocol (8-bit); Header Checksum (16-bit); Source Address (32-bit); Destination Address (32-bit);
Hardware type (16-bit); Protocol type (16-bit); Hardware address length (8-bit); Protocol address length (8-bit); Operation (16-bit); Sender hardware address; Sender protocol address; Target hardware address; Target protocol address
89

35. What is ICMP Type 9?
Router Advertisement
17
Router(config-if)#no ip redirects
Internet Protocol

36. Enables debugging output for ARP transactions
Number of octets to be added to the Sequence Number to indicate the end of the urgent data
Uniquely identify every application in the network
Don't Fragment
Router#debug arp

37. What is ICMP Type 0?
Subtract Header Length field from Total Length field
Router(config-if)#no ip proxy-arp
Echo Reply
Final

38. What is the function of ICMP redirect messages?
Local Internet Registry
Mostly large ISPs - enterprises - or academic institutions
RIPv1 and IGRP
Used by routers to notify hosts of another router on the data link that should be used for a particular destination

39. What mechanism is used by TCP to provided ordered segment delivery?
Time to Live
20 octets
NIRs
Sequence Numbers

40. What is Reverse ARP?
169.254.0.0/16
Used by a host to obtain the IPv4 address associated with its own MAC address
17
255.255.255.240

41. What are the steps to subnet an IPv4 address?
Class A 1-126; Class B 128-191; Class C 192-223; Class D 224-239; Class E 240-254
1 Determine how many subnets are required; 2 Determine how many hosts per subnet are required; 3 Determine the subnet mask for each subnet; 4 Calculate the network address for each subnet
Per-Hop Behaviour (PHB)
RFC 1918

42. What TCP/IP protocol suite layer corresponds to the session - presentation and application layers of the OSI model?
Application
Version (4-bit); Header Length (4-bit); ToS (8-bit); Total Length (16-bit); Identifier (16-bit); Flags (3-bit); Fragment Offset (13-bit); TTL (8-bit); Protocol (8-bit); Header Checksum (16-bit); Source Address (32-bit); Destination Address (32-bit);
Redirect
Data Offset

43. What is the prerequisite for using the Urgent Pointer field in the TCP header?
URG flag set
1-2 Network interface; 3 Internet; 4 Host-to-host; 5-7 Application
Acknowledgement
RIPv1 and IGRP

44. What is the ARP Hardware address length value for Ethernet?
6
Router(config-if)#no ip redirects
ECN-Echo
Router Selection

45. Adds a permanent static ARP entry for an Ethernet host
IANA
Loose source routing; Strict source routing; Record route; Timestamp
Router(config)#arp {ip-address} {mac-address} arpa
Reserved (1-bit); DF (1-bit); MF (1-bit)

46. What is the content of the Maximum Segment Size (MSS) in the Option field of the TCP header?
Used by routers to notify hosts of another router on the data link that should be used for a particular destination
Router(config-if)#arp timeout {seconds}
Largest segment size that the sender is willing to accept
Protocols that don't include subnet masks in their routing updates

47. What is the Fragment Offset field in the IPv4 header?
Offset - in units of eight octets - from the beginning of the original header to the beginning of the fragment
17
IPv4 and IPv6
DHCP

48. What is the format of an IPv4 header?
DHCP
2
Version (4-bit); Header Length (4-bit); ToS (8-bit); Total Length (16-bit); Identifier (16-bit); Flags (3-bit); Fragment Offset (13-bit); TTL (8-bit); Protocol (8-bit); Header Checksum (16-bit); Source Address (32-bit); Destination Address (32-bit);
46

49. What is OSI?
Host-to-host
Identifier; Flags and Fragmentation Offset
Final
Open Systems Interconnection

50. What is ICMP Type 8?
1
Echo
Reserved (1-bit); DF (1-bit); MF (1-bit)
Electrical/Optical - Mechanical - Functional and Procedural

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IPV4 Addressing

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