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IPV4 Addressing

Subject : it-skills

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is IANA?
Subtract Header Length field from Total Length field
Open Systems Interconnection
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
Duplicate address checks; Advertise new data-link identifiers; Update the ARP caches of hosts

2. What is the purpose of a socket?
Used by IRDP on some operating systems to discover local routers
Uniquely identify every application in the network
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
1

3. Which IPv4 address range is reserved for link-local addresses when DHCP fails?
4
169.254.0.0/16
DSCP (6-bit); ECN (2-bit)
Push

4. Who assigns IP address space to its own customers?
LIRs
6
255.255.255.240
Redirect

5. What is ICMP Type 8?
20 octets
Internet
Echo
RIPv1 and IGRP

6. What IPv4 header fields are used for fragmentation?
Router(config-if)#no ip proxy-arp
Identifier; Flags and Fragmentation Offset
Number of octets - starting with the octet indicated by the Acknowledgement Number - that the receiver will accept from the sender before the sender must stop transmitting and wait for a new Acknowledgement
Sequence Numbers

7. What mechanism is used by TCP to regulate the flow of segments?
1-2 Network interface; 3 Internet; 4 Host-to-host; 5-7 Application
Congestion Window Reduced
89
Windowing

8. Who allocates IP address space and AS numbers to RIRs?
IANA
They are the same byte - but the names and value interpretations are different
Length of header in words (32-bit)
3

9. What is the ARP Protocol address length value for IPv4?
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); Sequence Number (32-bit); Acknowledgement Number (32-bit); Header Length (4-bit); Reserved (4-bit); Flags (8-bit); Windows Size (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Urgent Pointer (16-bit); Options; Padding
Largest segment size that the sender is willing to accept
4
Loose source routing; Strict source routing; Record route; Timestamp

10. What is the IPv4 Protocol number for GRE?
47
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); Sequence Number (32-bit); Acknowledgement Number (32-bit); Header Length (4-bit); Reserved (4-bit); Flags (8-bit); Windows Size (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Urgent Pointer (16-bit); Options; Padding
Router#clear arp-cache [{interface {interface}} | {ip-address}]
Don't Fragment

11. Enables debugging output for ARP transactions
Transmission Control Protocol
Router#debug arp
Internet Protocol
4

12. What is the TTL field in the IPv4 header?
Time to Live
4
Sequence Number + Data payload octets + 1
CWR (1-bit); ECE (1-bit); URG (1-bit); ACK (1-bit); PSH (1-bit); RST (1-bit); SYN (1-bit); FIN (1-bit)

13. What is CWR?
0x0800
198.18.0.0/15
Transmission Control Protocol
Congestion Window Reduced

14. What is Inverse ARP?

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15. What is LIR?
Local Internet Registry
Open Systems Interconnection
47
RIRs

16. What is prefix /28 in decimal notation?
10.0.0.0/8; 172.16.0.0/12; 192.168.0.0/16
Protocols that include subnet masks in their routing updates
255.255.255.240
1

17. What is the ARP Hardware address length value for Ethernet?
IANA
Mostly large ISPs - enterprises - or academic institutions
6
Used by IRDP on some operating systems to discover local routers

18. What is IP?
Internet Protocol
RFC 1918
Time to Live
Protocols that include subnet masks in their routing updates

19. What is the first octet rule for IPv4 address classes in decimal?
Local Internet Registry
0x0800
6
Class A 1-126; Class B 128-191; Class C 192-223; Class D 224-239; Class E 240-254

20. What is the first octet rule for IPv4 address classes in binary?
Loose source routing; Strict source routing; Record route; Timestamp
Class A 0; Class B 10; Class C 110; Class D 1110; Class E 1111
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); Sequence Number (32-bit); Acknowledgement Number (32-bit); Header Length (4-bit); Reserved (4-bit); Flags (8-bit); Windows Size (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Urgent Pointer (16-bit); Options; Padding
127.0.0.0/8

21. What is the format of an IPv4 header?
46
Network interface
Version (4-bit); Header Length (4-bit); ToS (8-bit); Total Length (16-bit); Identifier (16-bit); Flags (3-bit); Fragment Offset (13-bit); TTL (8-bit); Protocol (8-bit); Header Checksum (16-bit); Source Address (32-bit); Destination Address (32-bit);
Internet Control Message Protocol

22. What is the content of the TCP Window Size field?
IPv4 and IPv6
Router Advertisement
255.255.255.252
Number of octets - starting with the octet indicated by the Acknowledgement Number - that the receiver will accept from the sender before the sender must stop transmitting and wait for a new Acknowledgement

23. Disables the sending of ICMP redirect messages
Version (4-bit); Header Length (4-bit); ToS (8-bit); Total Length (16-bit); Identifier (16-bit); Flags (3-bit); Fragment Offset (13-bit); TTL (8-bit); Protocol (8-bit); Header Checksum (16-bit); Source Address (32-bit); Destination Address (32-bit);
Padding of zeros to ensure that the header ends on a 32-bit boundary
Mostly large ISPs - enterprises - or academic institutions
Router(config-if)#no ip redirects

24. What is the other name for the TCP Header Length field?
Congestion Window Reduced
Data Offset
Open Systems Interconnection
Class A 0; Class B 10; Class C 110; Class D 1110; Class E 1111

25. Which IPv4 address range is reserved for use in documentation and example code?
DHCP
1
Internet Control Message Protocol
192.0.2.0/24

26. Who can assign IP address space to end user organizations?
All Internet Registries
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); UDP Length (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit)
Data Offset
Router Advertisement

27. What is the ARP Operation value for an ARP Request?
1
Internet
1-2 Network interface; 3 Internet; 4 Host-to-host; 5-7 Application
Congestion Window Reduced

28. Who administers and registers public IP address space and AS numbers within a country or economic unit?
9
NIRs
4
IANA

29. What is ICMP Type 5?
60 octets
Redirect
2
More Fragments follow

30. What is FIN?
Echo Reply
2
Final
DSCP (6-bit); ECN (2-bit)

31. What is the value of the TCP Reserved field?
255.255.255.248
Router#debug arp
Echo
0

32. What is ARP?
Address Resolution Protocol
Protocols that include subnet masks in their routing updates
3
Internet Protocol

33. Which IPv4 address range is reserved for self-identification on a local subnet?
Loose source routing; Strict source routing; Record route; Timestamp
0.0.0.0/8
1 Determine how many subnets are required; 2 Determine how many hosts per subnet are required; 3 Determine the subnet mask for each subnet; 4 Calculate the network address for each subnet
CWR (1-bit); ECE (1-bit); URG (1-bit); ACK (1-bit); PSH (1-bit); RST (1-bit); SYN (1-bit); FIN (1-bit)

34. What is the ARP Operation value for a Reverse ARP Reply?
4
0x0800
Offset - in units of eight octets - from the beginning of the original header to the beginning of the fragment
Final

35. What is the content of the Maximum Segment Size (MSS) in the Option field of the TCP header?
RFC 3330
Version (4-bit); Header Length (4-bit); ToS (8-bit); Total Length (16-bit); Identifier (16-bit); Flags (3-bit); Fragment Offset (13-bit); TTL (8-bit); Protocol (8-bit); Header Checksum (16-bit); Source Address (32-bit); Destination Address (32-bit);
ECN-Echo
Largest segment size that the sender is willing to accept

36. What are the uses of gratuitous ARP?
Offset - in units of eight octets - from the beginning of the original header to the beginning of the fragment
Per-Hop Behaviour (PHB)
IANA
Duplicate address checks; Advertise new data-link identifiers; Update the ARP caches of hosts

37. What is the IPv4 Protocol number for TCP?
Address Resolution Protocol
Data Offset
6
Time to Live

38. What is the Fragment Offset field in the IPv4 header?
Number of octets - starting with the octet indicated by the Acknowledgement Number - that the receiver will accept from the sender before the sender must stop transmitting and wait for a new Acknowledgement
0x0800
Offset - in units of eight octets - from the beginning of the original header to the beginning of the fragment
Duplicate address checks; Advertise new data-link identifiers; Update the ARP caches of hosts

39. Which RFC defines the special use IPv4 address ranges?
255.255.255.128
Per-Hop Behaviour (PHB)
RFC 3330
Host-to-host

40. What is the ARP Operation value for an Inverse ARP Reply?
127.0.0.0/8
RIRs
9
1

41. Why must the header checksum of an IPv4 packet be recalculated at every router?
Sequence Number
Echo
Each router decrements the TTL
Number of octets - starting with the octet indicated by the Acknowledgement Number - that the receiver will accept from the sender before the sender must stop transmitting and wait for a new Acknowledgement

42. Displays the ARP cache of a router
Sequence Number + Data payload octets + 1
RIRs
Router#show arp
192.88.99.0/24

43. What is the ARP Operation value for a Reverse ARP Request?
LIRs
Hardware type (16-bit); Protocol type (16-bit); Hardware address length (8-bit); Protocol address length (8-bit); Operation (16-bit); Sender hardware address; Sender protocol address; Target hardware address; Target protocol address
Class A 0; Class B 10; Class C 110; Class D 1110; Class E 1111
3

44. What is a TCP Acknowledgement Number?
URG flag set
ICANN and IANA
The next sequence number that the source expects to receive from the destination
192.0.2.0/24

45. What is the ARP Hardware type value for Ethernet?
88
1
Loose source routing; Strict source routing; Record route; Timestamp
Router(config-if)#no ip proxy-arp

46. What TCP/IP protocol suite layer corresponds to the physical and data link layers of the OSI model?
Version (4-bit); Header Length (4-bit); ToS (8-bit); Total Length (16-bit); Identifier (16-bit); Flags (3-bit); Fragment Offset (13-bit); TTL (8-bit); Protocol (8-bit); Header Checksum (16-bit); Source Address (32-bit); Destination Address (32-bit);
Router(config)#ip netmask-format {bit-count | decimal | hexadecimal}
Network interface
0.0.0.0/8

47. Disables proxy ARP on an interface
Version (4-bit); Header Length (4-bit); ToS (8-bit); Total Length (16-bit); Identifier (16-bit); Flags (3-bit); Fragment Offset (13-bit); TTL (8-bit); Protocol (8-bit); Header Checksum (16-bit); Source Address (32-bit); Destination Address (32-bit);
Windowing
Router(config-if)#no ip proxy-arp
0

48. What is gratuitous ARP?
An ARP request issued by a host with its own IPv4 address as the target address
Router#clear arp-cache [{interface {interface}} | {ip-address}]
4
ICANN and IANA

49. What is TCP?
National Internet Registry
All Internet Registries
127.0.0.0/8
Transmission Control Protocol

50. What is ECE?
Router#debug arp
ECN-Echo
Sequence Numbers
RFC 791

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IPV4 Addressing

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