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IPV4 Addressing

Subject : it-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What is the maximum length of an IPv4 header?
Synchronize
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); Sequence Number (32-bit); Acknowledgement Number (32-bit); Header Length (4-bit); Reserved (4-bit); Flags (8-bit); Windows Size (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Urgent Pointer (16-bit); Options; Padding
60 octets
Used by routers to notify hosts of another router on the data link that should be used for a particular destination

2. What is RST?
Reset
IP Precedence (3-bit); ToS (4-bit); Reserved (1-bit)
255.255.255.252
RFC 791

3. Which IPv4 address range is reserved for loopback testing?
1
Maximum Segment Size (MSS)
127.0.0.0/8
20 octets

4. What is the ARP Operation value for an Inverse ARP Reply?
9
Offset - in units of eight octets - from the beginning of the original header to the beginning of the fragment
Open Systems Interconnection
Host-to-host

5. What is the ARP Operation value for an Inverse ARP Request?
8
Used by IRDP on some operating systems to discover local routers
Acknowledgement
Router(config-if)#no ip redirects

6. Displays the ARP cache of a router
Used by a host to obtain the IP address associated with another host's MAC address
Protocols that don't include subnet masks in their routing updates
An ARP request issued by a host with its own IPv4 address as the target address
Router#show arp

7. What is prefix /25 in decimal notation?
255.255.255.128
Per-Hop Behaviour (PHB)
Minimize Delay (1-bit); Maximise Throughput (1-bit); Maximise Reliability (1-bit); Minimize Monetary Cost (1-bit)
47

8. What is gratuitous ARP?
Router#show arp
198.18.0.0/15
An ARP request issued by a host with its own IPv4 address as the target address
Number of octets to be added to the Sequence Number to indicate the end of the urgent data

9. What are the private IPv4 address ranges?
Router(config)#ip arp proxy disable
Router#debug arp
255.255.255.224
10.0.0.0/8; 172.16.0.0/12; 192.168.0.0/16

10. What is ICMP Type 10?
Router Selection
Time Exceeded
Synchronize
1 Determine how many subnets are required; 2 Determine how many hosts per subnet are required; 3 Determine the subnet mask for each subnet; 4 Calculate the network address for each subnet

11. What is ACK?
255.255.255.192
9
Acknowledgement
Acknowledgements - checksums and timers

12. What are classful routing protocols?

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13. Configures how long a dynamically learned protocol address and its corresponding hardware address remains in the ARP cache
Internet Service Provider
2
Router#debug arp
Router(config-if)#arp timeout {seconds}

14. What TCP/IP protocol suite layer corresponds to the physical and data link layers of the OSI model?
Network interface
Internet Protocol
Number of octets - starting with the octet indicated by the Acknowledgement Number - that the receiver will accept from the sender before the sender must stop transmitting and wait for a new Acknowledgement
60 octets

15. What is the prerequisite for using the Urgent Pointer field in the TCP header?
Method where routers - by responding to ARP requests for IP addresses in different subnets - make themselves available to hosts with no default gateway configured
RIRs
URG flag set
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); Sequence Number (32-bit); Acknowledgement Number (32-bit); Header Length (4-bit); Reserved (4-bit); Flags (8-bit); Windows Size (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Urgent Pointer (16-bit); Options; Padding

16. What is the ARP Protocol type value for IPv4?
Sequence Number
Windowing
0x0800
Synchronize

17. What is the IPv4 Protocol number for EIGRP?
88
They are the same byte - but the names and value interpretations are different
Router(config-if)#no ip proxy-arp
RFC 791

18. What is the name of the queuing and forwarding of IP packets based on DiffServ?
Time to Live
Per-Hop Behaviour (PHB)
1 Determine how many subnets are required; 2 Determine how many hosts per subnet are required; 3 Determine the subnet mask for each subnet; 4 Calculate the network address for each subnet
Acknowledgement

19. What is the other name for the TCP Header Length field?
Network interface
RFC 1918
Data Offset
Per-Hop Behaviour (PHB)

20. What are classless routing protocols?
Type (8-bit); Code (8-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Variable fields
Protocols that don't include subnet masks in their routing updates
Protocols that include subnet masks in their routing updates
Data Offset

21. Which RFC defines the special use IPv4 address ranges?
RFC 3330
Router#clear arp-cache [{interface {interface}} | {ip-address}]
1
RFC 1918

22. What is the the MF-bit in the IPv4 header?
Time Exceeded
RFC 791
Router(config-if)#arp timeout {seconds}
More Fragments follow

23. What is the IPv4 Protocol number for OSPF?
Acknowledgement
89
Time Exceeded
ECN-Echo

24. What is the Fragment Offset field in the IPv4 header?
255.255.255.252
Each router decrements the TTL
Offset - in units of eight octets - from the beginning of the original header to the beginning of the fragment
Used by IRDP on some operating systems to discover local routers

25. What are the most common IP version numbers?
Redirect
1 Determine how many subnets are required; 2 Determine how many hosts per subnet are required; 3 Determine the subnet mask for each subnet; 4 Calculate the network address for each subnet
Sequence Number + Data payload octets + 1
IPv4 and IPv6

26. Which IPv4 address range is reserved for link-local addresses when DHCP fails?
3
Duplicate address checks; Advertise new data-link identifiers; Update the ARP caches of hosts
Subtract Header Length field from Total Length field
169.254.0.0/16

27. Which IPv4 address range is reserved for benchmark testing of Internet devices (RFC 2544)?
127.0.0.0/8
198.18.0.0/15
Sequence Number + Data payload octets + 1
RIRs

28. What is ICMP?
Mostly large ISPs - enterprises - or academic institutions
192.88.99.0/24
47
Internet Control Message Protocol

29. What field identifies where the TCP encapsulated data fits within the data stream from the sender?
Class A 1-126; Class B 128-191; Class C 192-223; Class D 224-239; Class E 240-254
Sequence Number
89
Version (4-bit); Header Length (4-bit); ToS (8-bit); Total Length (16-bit); Identifier (16-bit); Flags (3-bit); Fragment Offset (13-bit); TTL (8-bit); Protocol (8-bit); Header Checksum (16-bit); Source Address (32-bit); Destination Address (32-bit);

30. What are the steps to subnet an IPv4 address?
0 Routine; 1 Priority; 2 Immediate; 3 Flash; 4 Flash Override; 5 Critical; 6 Internetwork Control; 7 Network Control
The next sequence number that the source expects to receive from the destination
1 Determine how many subnets are required; 2 Determine how many hosts per subnet are required; 3 Determine the subnet mask for each subnet; 4 Calculate the network address for each subnet
0.0.0.0/8

31. Which RFC defines the private IPv4 address ranges?
DSCP (6-bit); ECN (2-bit)
Protocols that don't include subnet masks in their routing updates
4
RFC 1918

32. What is the IPv4 protocol number for UDP?
169.254.0.0/16
Reset
17
Electrical/Optical - Mechanical - Functional and Procedural

33. What is PSH?
Internet
Hardware type (16-bit); Protocol type (16-bit); Hardware address length (8-bit); Protocol address length (8-bit); Operation (16-bit); Sender hardware address; Sender protocol address; Target hardware address; Target protocol address
Push
Protocols that include subnet masks in their routing updates

34. What is IANA?
Padding of zeros to ensure that the header ends on a 32-bit boundary
Application
89
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

35. What is ICMP Type 3?
Destination Unreachable
IANA
Router#clear arp-cache [{interface {interface}} | {ip-address}]
Router(config-if)#arp timeout {seconds}

36. What is the first octet rule for IPv4 address classes in binary?
0
Class A 0; Class B 10; Class C 110; Class D 1110; Class E 1111
Number of octets to be added to the Sequence Number to indicate the end of the urgent data
RFC 3330

37. What TCP/IP protocol suite layer corresponds to the session - presentation and application layers of the OSI model?
Open Systems Interconnection
Application
Router(config-if)#no ip proxy-arp
Internet Corporation for Assigned Network Numbers

38. What mechanisms are used by TCP to provide reliable segment delivery?
ICANN
Acknowledgements - checksums and timers
Each router decrements the TTL
6

39. Who allocates public IP address ranges to NIRs or LIRs?
4
Open Systems Interconnection
Identifier; Flags and Fragmentation Offset
RIRs

40. What is the format of the ToS field?
Length of header in words (32-bit)
Largest segment size that the sender is willing to accept
Minimize Delay (1-bit); Maximise Throughput (1-bit); Maximise Reliability (1-bit); Minimize Monetary Cost (1-bit)
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

41. How does the layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite map to the 7 layers of the OSI model?
1-2 Network interface; 3 Internet; 4 Host-to-host; 5-7 Application
They are the same byte - but the names and value interpretations are different
192.0.2.0/24
Push

42. What is ECE?
Mostly large ISPs - enterprises - or academic institutions
255.255.255.224
RIPv1 and IGRP
ECN-Echo

43. What is ICMP Type 8?
Router#show arp
1
Class A 0; Class B 10; Class C 110; Class D 1110; Class E 1111
Echo

44. What is IP?
Internet Protocol
Address Resolution Protocol
4
Router#clear arp-cache [{interface {interface}} | {ip-address}]

45. Which IPv4 address range is reserved for self-identification on a local subnet?
10.0.0.0/8; 172.16.0.0/12; 192.168.0.0/16
Router Advertisement
169.254.0.0/16
0.0.0.0/8

46. Which protocol has mostly replaced Reverse ARP?
Socket
89
6
DHCP

47. What is the format of a UDP header?
Router(config-if)#arp timeout {seconds}
1 Determine how many subnets are required; 2 Determine how many hosts per subnet are required; 3 Determine the subnet mask for each subnet; 4 Calculate the network address for each subnet
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); UDP Length (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit)
Used by a host to obtain the IPv4 address associated with its own MAC address

48. What is NIR?
Router Selection
255.255.255.224
National Internet Registry
Echo Reply

49. What is SYN?
The next sequence number that the source expects to receive from the destination
Synchronize
IANA
2

50. What is the format of the DiffServ byte?
Used by a host to obtain the IP address associated with another host's MAC address
DSCP (6-bit); ECN (2-bit)
Sequence Number + Data payload octets + 1
Number of octets - starting with the octet indicated by the Acknowledgement Number - that the receiver will accept from the sender before the sender must stop transmitting and wait for a new Acknowledgement

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IPV4 Addressing

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