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IPV4 Addressing

Subject : it-skills

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Who is responsible for the global coordination of the DNS Root - IP addressing - and other Internet protocol resources?
IANA
255.255.255.252
An ARP request issued by a host with its own IPv4 address as the target address
RIRs

2. Who allocates public IP address ranges to NIRs or LIRs?
Open Systems Interconnection
RIRs
URG flag set
Router(config-if)#no ip proxy-arp

3. What is added after the option field in the IPv4 header?
Padding of zeros to ensure that the header ends on a 32-bit boundary
RFC 791
Transmission Control Protocol
255.255.255.240

4. What is OSI?
LIRs
Redirect
Open Systems Interconnection
Internet Control Message Protocol

5. What is prefix /28 in decimal notation?
DHCP
0.0.0.0/8
255.255.255.240
Address Resolution Protocol

6. What is the format of the DiffServ byte?
Router Advertisement
DSCP (6-bit); ECN (2-bit)
Reserved (1-bit); DF (1-bit); MF (1-bit)
Data Offset

7. What is proxy ARP?
Per-Hop Behaviour (PHB)
Length of header in words (32-bit)
Sequence Number + Data payload octets + 1
Method where routers - by responding to ARP requests for IP addresses in different subnets - make themselves available to hosts with no default gateway configured

8. What is the content of the the Urgent Pointer field in the TCP header?
Number of octets to be added to the Sequence Number to indicate the end of the urgent data
Internet
Used by routers to notify hosts of another router on the data link that should be used for a particular destination
0

9. What mechanism is used by TCP to regulate the flow of segments?
Used by a host to obtain the IPv4 address associated with its own MAC address
Windowing
1
They are the same byte - but the names and value interpretations are different

10. What is prefix /26 in decimal notation?
More Fragments follow
255.255.255.192
Maximum Segment Size (MSS)
1-2 Network interface; 3 Internet; 4 Host-to-host; 5-7 Application

11. What mechanisms are used by TCP to provide reliable segment delivery?
Socket
Per-Hop Behaviour (PHB)
Acknowledgements - checksums and timers
Version (4-bit); Header Length (4-bit); ToS (8-bit); Total Length (16-bit); Identifier (16-bit); Flags (3-bit); Fragment Offset (13-bit); TTL (8-bit); Protocol (8-bit); Header Checksum (16-bit); Source Address (32-bit); Destination Address (32-bit);

12. What is the format of the ToS field?
Minimize Delay (1-bit); Maximise Throughput (1-bit); Maximise Reliability (1-bit); Minimize Monetary Cost (1-bit)
255.255.255.224
Open Systems Interconnection
Network interface

13. What is the function of ICMP redirect messages?
169.254.0.0/16
20 octets
Used by routers to notify hosts of another router on the data link that should be used for a particular destination
Router(config)#arp {ip-address} {mac-address} arpa

14. Who allocates IP address space and AS numbers to RIRs?
Each router decrements the TTL
Data Offset
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); Sequence Number (32-bit); Acknowledgement Number (32-bit); Header Length (4-bit); Reserved (4-bit); Flags (8-bit); Windows Size (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Urgent Pointer (16-bit); Options; Padding
IANA

15. What field identifies where the TCP encapsulated data fits within the data stream from the sender?
Mostly large ISPs - enterprises - or academic institutions
Sequence Number
127.0.0.0/8
6

16. What is ICMP Type 8?
DHCP
NIRs
Echo
Class A 0; Class B 10; Class C 110; Class D 1110; Class E 1111

17. What mechanism is used by TCP to provided ordered segment delivery?
20 octets
Sequence Numbers
3
Mostly large ISPs - enterprises - or academic institutions

18. Who administers and registers public IP address space and AS numbers within a country or economic unit?
NIRs
6
255.255.255.192
CWR (1-bit); ECE (1-bit); URG (1-bit); ACK (1-bit); PSH (1-bit); RST (1-bit); SYN (1-bit); FIN (1-bit)

19. What is the format of a TCP header?
IANA
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); Sequence Number (32-bit); Acknowledgement Number (32-bit); Header Length (4-bit); Reserved (4-bit); Flags (8-bit); Windows Size (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Urgent Pointer (16-bit); Options; Padding
Used by routers to notify hosts of another router on the data link that should be used for a particular destination
0x0800

20. What is the format of an ARP packet?
Internet Service Provider
Hardware type (16-bit); Protocol type (16-bit); Hardware address length (8-bit); Protocol address length (8-bit); Operation (16-bit); Sender hardware address; Sender protocol address; Target hardware address; Target protocol address
255.255.255.224
Urgent

21. What TCP/IP protocol suite layer corresponds to the physical and data link layers of the OSI model?
Class A 0; Class B 10; Class C 110; Class D 1110; Class E 1111
Sequence Number + Data payload octets + 1
Offset - in units of eight octets - from the beginning of the original header to the beginning of the fragment
Network interface

22. What is NIR?
Destination Unreachable
46
National Internet Registry
Router Selection

23. What is the the MF-bit in the IPv4 header?
More Fragments follow
An ARP request issued by a host with its own IPv4 address as the target address
8
0.0.0.0/8

24. Who are LIRs?
Internet Corporation for Assigned Network Numbers
ICANN and IANA
Mostly large ISPs - enterprises - or academic institutions
6

25. What is the ARP Hardware type value for Ethernet?
Internet Protocol
Type (8-bit); Code (8-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Variable fields
1
IANA

26. What is ARP?
Address Resolution Protocol
255.255.255.224
Push
Acknowledgements - checksums and timers

27. What are the private IPv4 address ranges?
ICANN and IANA
60 octets
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); UDP Length (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit)
10.0.0.0/8; 172.16.0.0/12; 192.168.0.0/16

28. How does the layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite map to the 7 layers of the OSI model?
Synchronize
Router(config-if)#no ip proxy-arp
1-2 Network interface; 3 Internet; 4 Host-to-host; 5-7 Application
192.88.99.0/24

29. What is ICMP Type 9?
10.0.0.0/8; 172.16.0.0/12; 192.168.0.0/16
Router Advertisement
Sequence Number + Data payload octets + 1
DHCP

30. What is the IPv4 Protocol number for ICMP?
9
1
Sequence Number + Data payload octets + 1
Uniquely identify every application in the network

31. What is FIN?
Final
2
60 octets
Used by a host to obtain the IP address associated with another host's MAC address

32. What is the IPv4 Protocol number for IGMP?
10.0.0.0/8; 172.16.0.0/12; 192.168.0.0/16
Internet Service Provider
2
Host-to-host

33. What is RST?
Acknowledgements - checksums and timers
Reset
URG flag set
Time to Live

34. What is the ARP Operation value for an Inverse ARP Request?
64
Redirect
8
60 octets

35. What routing protocols are classful?
RIPv1 and IGRP
6
0.0.0.0/8
1

36. How can the receiver determine the size of a packet's data payload based on the IPv4 header?
2
Subtract Header Length field from Total Length field
RFC 791
IP Precedence (3-bit); ToS (4-bit); Reserved (1-bit)

37. What is prefix /29 in decimal notation?
ICANN and IANA
255.255.255.248
Router(config-if)#no ip redirects
National Internet Registry

38. What are the uses of gratuitous ARP?
Duplicate address checks; Advertise new data-link identifiers; Update the ARP caches of hosts
IP Precedence (3-bit); ToS (4-bit); Reserved (1-bit)
169.254.0.0/16
Largest segment size that the sender is willing to accept

39. What is the minimum length of an IPv4 header?
Number of octets - starting with the octet indicated by the Acknowledgement Number - that the receiver will accept from the sender before the sender must stop transmitting and wait for a new Acknowledgement
Used by routers to notify hosts of another router on the data link that should be used for a particular destination
20 octets
169.254.0.0/16

40. What TCP/IP protocol suite layer corresponds to the session - presentation and application layers of the OSI model?
127.0.0.0/8
Used by a host to obtain the IPv4 address associated with its own MAC address
192.0.2.0/24
Application

41. What IPv4 header fields are used for fragmentation?
RIRs
Identifier; Flags and Fragmentation Offset
Uniquely identify every application in the network
6

42. What is the name of the queuing and forwarding of IP packets based on DiffServ?
Method where routers - by responding to ARP requests for IP addresses in different subnets - make themselves available to hosts with no default gateway configured
Per-Hop Behaviour (PHB)
17
An ARP request issued by a host with its own IPv4 address as the target address

43. Who owns the processes by which public IP address space and AS numbers are allocated and assigned?
ICANN
Internet Service Provider
ICMP Router Discovery Protocol
RIRs

44. What is the ARP Operation value for a Reverse ARP Request?
Time to Live
Router(config-if)#arp timeout {seconds}
3
Don't Fragment

45. Deletes dynamic entries from the ARP cache
Uniquely identify every application in the network
Router#clear arp-cache [{interface {interface}} | {ip-address}]
Method where routers - by responding to ARP requests for IP addresses in different subnets - make themselves available to hosts with no default gateway configured
1

46. What is ICMP?
Internet Control Message Protocol
Padding of zeros to ensure that the header ends on a 32-bit boundary
Acknowledgement
9

47. Who group public IPv4 address space by major geographic region?
ICANN and IANA
1 Determine how many subnets are required; 2 Determine how many hosts per subnet are required; 3 Determine the subnet mask for each subnet; 4 Calculate the network address for each subnet
RFC 791
RFC 3330

48. What is the ARP Operation value for an ARP Reply?
2
255.255.255.224
1 Determine how many subnets are required; 2 Determine how many hosts per subnet are required; 3 Determine the subnet mask for each subnet; 4 Calculate the network address for each subnet
The next sequence number that the source expects to receive from the destination

49. What are classful routing protocols?

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50. What is URG?
Used by a host to obtain the IP address associated with another host's MAC address
1 Determine how many subnets are required; 2 Determine how many hosts per subnet are required; 3 Determine the subnet mask for each subnet; 4 Calculate the network address for each subnet
255.255.255.248
Urgent

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IPV4 Addressing

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