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IPV4 Addressing

Subject : it-skills

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. What is the DF-bit in the IPv4 header?

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2. What is the IPv4 protocol number for UDP?
17
4
255.255.255.252
1

3. What is ARP?
Address Resolution Protocol
Sequence Numbers
ICANN and IANA
Router Selection

4. Which IPv4 address range is reserved for link-local addresses when DHCP fails?
DSCP (6-bit); ECN (2-bit)
169.254.0.0/16
Number of octets to be added to the Sequence Number to indicate the end of the urgent data
Acknowledgements - checksums and timers

5. What is the function of ICMP router advertisement and router selection messages?
Push
Used by IRDP on some operating systems to discover local routers
Network interface
RIRs

6. What is the recommended default TTL?
Final
0.0.0.0/8
64
Socket

7. Which IPv4 address range is reserved for loopback testing?
Offset - in units of eight octets - from the beginning of the original header to the beginning of the fragment
IANA
Loose source routing; Strict source routing; Record route; Timestamp
127.0.0.0/8

8. What is IANA?
4
255.255.255.192
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
IANA

9. What is the format of an IPv4 header?
Used by IRDP on some operating systems to discover local routers
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); Sequence Number (32-bit); Acknowledgement Number (32-bit); Header Length (4-bit); Reserved (4-bit); Flags (8-bit); Windows Size (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Urgent Pointer (16-bit); Options; Padding
Version (4-bit); Header Length (4-bit); ToS (8-bit); Total Length (16-bit); Identifier (16-bit); Flags (3-bit); Fragment Offset (13-bit); TTL (8-bit); Protocol (8-bit); Header Checksum (16-bit); Source Address (32-bit); Destination Address (32-bit);
IPv4 and IPv6

10. What mechanisms are used by TCP to provide reliable segment delivery?
The next sequence number that the source expects to receive from the destination
Synchronize
4
Acknowledgements - checksums and timers

11. What is NIR?
National Internet Registry
Maximum Segment Size (MSS)
Router#clear arp-cache [{interface {interface}} | {ip-address}]
9

12. What is the ARP Operation value for an ARP Request?
Padding of zeros to ensure that the header ends on a 32-bit boundary
1
Router(config)#ip netmask-format {bit-count | decimal | hexadecimal}
Redirect

13. What is the function of ICMP redirect messages?
Used by routers to notify hosts of another router on the data link that should be used for a particular destination
Number of octets - starting with the octet indicated by the Acknowledgement Number - that the receiver will accept from the sender before the sender must stop transmitting and wait for a new Acknowledgement
RFC 791
192.0.2.0/24

14. What is Inverse ARP?

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15. What is the IPv4 Protocol number for GRE?
DSCP (6-bit); ECN (2-bit)
47
ECN-Echo
Router(config)#arp {ip-address} {mac-address} arpa

16. What is the IPv4 Protocol number for OSPF?
Internet
89
Windowing
RIPv1 and IGRP

17. What is the ARP Operation value for an ARP Reply?
Class A 0; Class B 10; Class C 110; Class D 1110; Class E 1111
All Internet Registries
192.88.99.0/24
2

18. What is prefix /26 in decimal notation?
Internet Protocol
Router(config)#arp {ip-address} {mac-address} arpa
255.255.255.192
ICANN and IANA

19. What is the prerequisite for using the Urgent Pointer field in the TCP header?
URG flag set
Application
169.254.0.0/16
They are the same byte - but the names and value interpretations are different

20. Which IPv4 address range is reserved for self-identification on a local subnet?
Hardware type (16-bit); Protocol type (16-bit); Hardware address length (8-bit); Protocol address length (8-bit); Operation (16-bit); Sender hardware address; Sender protocol address; Target hardware address; Target protocol address
0.0.0.0/8
17
Minimize Delay (1-bit); Maximise Throughput (1-bit); Maximise Reliability (1-bit); Minimize Monetary Cost (1-bit)

21. What are the IP Precedence values?
Each router decrements the TTL
Number of octets to be added to the Sequence Number to indicate the end of the urgent data
0 Routine; 1 Priority; 2 Immediate; 3 Flash; 4 Flash Override; 5 Critical; 6 Internetwork Control; 7 Network Control
Method where routers - by responding to ARP requests for IP addresses in different subnets - make themselves available to hosts with no default gateway configured

22. Who can assign IP address space to end user organizations?
Maximum Segment Size (MSS)
64
All Internet Registries
The next sequence number that the source expects to receive from the destination

23. What is prefix /28 in decimal notation?
255.255.255.240
Time Exceeded
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); UDP Length (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit)
All Internet Registries

24. What mechanism is used by TCP to regulate the flow of segments?
Router#clear arp-cache [{interface {interface}} | {ip-address}]
Windowing
More Fragments follow
Router(config-if)#no ip redirects

25. What routing protocols are classful?
RIPv1 and IGRP
Protocols that don't include subnet masks in their routing updates
Loose source routing; Strict source routing; Record route; Timestamp
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); Sequence Number (32-bit); Acknowledgement Number (32-bit); Header Length (4-bit); Reserved (4-bit); Flags (8-bit); Windows Size (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Urgent Pointer (16-bit); Options; Padding

26. What are the private IPv4 address ranges?
An ARP request issued by a host with its own IPv4 address as the target address
10.0.0.0/8; 172.16.0.0/12; 192.168.0.0/16
Congestion Window Reduced
Sequence Numbers

27. What TCP/IP protocol suite layer corresponds to the transport layer of the OSI model?
46
Push
Router(config-if)#arp timeout {seconds}
Host-to-host

28. What is ICMP Type 9?
DSCP (6-bit); ECN (2-bit)
Router Advertisement
Host-to-host
1-2 Network interface; 3 Internet; 4 Host-to-host; 5-7 Application

29. What is FIN?
Internet Protocol
89
Address Resolution Protocol
Final

30. Who administers and registers public IP address space and AS numbers within a country or economic unit?
169.254.0.0/16
Sequence Numbers
The next sequence number that the source expects to receive from the destination
NIRs

31. What is CWR?
IPv4 and IPv6
46
Windowing
Congestion Window Reduced

32. How does the layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite map to the 7 layers of the OSI model?
LIRs
CWR (1-bit); ECE (1-bit); URG (1-bit); ACK (1-bit); PSH (1-bit); RST (1-bit); SYN (1-bit); FIN (1-bit)
1-2 Network interface; 3 Internet; 4 Host-to-host; 5-7 Application
Time Exceeded

33. Disables the sending of ICMP redirect messages
0 Routine; 1 Priority; 2 Immediate; 3 Flash; 4 Flash Override; 5 Critical; 6 Internetwork Control; 7 Network Control
Per-Hop Behaviour (PHB)
Router(config-if)#no ip redirects
ECN-Echo

34. What is the format of an ICMP header?
Padding of zeros to ensure that the header ends on a 32-bit boundary
Protocols that don't include subnet masks in their routing updates
Type (8-bit); Code (8-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Variable fields
RFC 3330

35. What is proxy ARP?
Windowing
Method where routers - by responding to ARP requests for IP addresses in different subnets - make themselves available to hosts with no default gateway configured
Largest segment size that the sender is willing to accept
IANA

36. Which IPv4 address range is reserved for benchmark testing of Internet devices (RFC 2544)?
198.18.0.0/15
RIRs
IPv4 and IPv6
88

37. What is the IPv4 Protocol number for TCP?
2
Sequence Number + Data payload octets + 1
Version (4-bit); Header Length (4-bit); ToS (8-bit); Total Length (16-bit); Identifier (16-bit); Flags (3-bit); Fragment Offset (13-bit); TTL (8-bit); Protocol (8-bit); Header Checksum (16-bit); Source Address (32-bit); Destination Address (32-bit);
6

38. What is covered by the TCP Checksum field?
IANA
Router(config)#ip netmask-format {bit-count | decimal | hexadecimal}
Class A 0; Class B 10; Class C 110; Class D 1110; Class E 1111
Both the TCP header and the encapsulated data

39. What is ICMP Type 5?
Each router decrements the TTL
Don't Fragment
Redirect
46

40. What is the IPv4 Protocol number for IGMP?
1-2 Network interface; 3 Internet; 4 Host-to-host; 5-7 Application
Internet Control Message Protocol
2
Acknowledgements - checksums and timers

41. What is RIR?
Padding of zeros to ensure that the header ends on a 32-bit boundary
Method where routers - by responding to ARP requests for IP addresses in different subnets - make themselves available to hosts with no default gateway configured
Regional Internet Registry
Mostly large ISPs - enterprises - or academic institutions

42. What is ICMP Type 11?
Internet Control Message Protocol
Time Exceeded
Maximum Segment Size (MSS)
255.255.255.224

43. Specifies the format in which subnet masks are displayed in show command output
Electrical/Optical - Mechanical - Functional and Procedural
National Internet Registry
Router(config)#ip netmask-format {bit-count | decimal | hexadecimal}
6

44. What is the IPv4 Protocol number for ICMP?
DHCP
Both the TCP header and the encapsulated data
IANA
1

45. What is ICMP Type 3?
Hardware type (16-bit); Protocol type (16-bit); Hardware address length (8-bit); Protocol address length (8-bit); Operation (16-bit); Sender hardware address; Sender protocol address; Target hardware address; Target protocol address
Destination Unreachable
IANA
Router Selection

46. What is the minimum length of an IPv4 header?
20 octets
Number of octets - starting with the octet indicated by the Acknowledgement Number - that the receiver will accept from the sender before the sender must stop transmitting and wait for a new Acknowledgement
Router(config)#ip arp proxy disable
6

47. What is the ARP Protocol address length value for IPv4?
Both the TCP header and the encapsulated data
0 Routine; 1 Priority; 2 Immediate; 3 Flash; 4 Flash Override; 5 Critical; 6 Internetwork Control; 7 Network Control
4
255.255.255.224

48. What is ISP?
Acknowledgements - checksums and timers
Internet Service Provider
LIRs
Router(config)#arp {ip-address} {mac-address} arpa

49. What is the IPv4 Protocol number for EIGRP?
Host-to-host
4
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); Sequence Number (32-bit); Acknowledgement Number (32-bit); Header Length (4-bit); Reserved (4-bit); Flags (8-bit); Windows Size (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit); Urgent Pointer (16-bit); Options; Padding
88

50. What is the format of a UDP header?
0.0.0.0/8
Internet Control Message Protocol
Push
Source Port (16-bit); Destination Port (16-bit); UDP Length (16-bit); Checksum (16-bit)

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IPV4 Addressing

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