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Japanese Culture

Subject : culture

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Who were the early adopters of Buddhism?
Served as regent - advocate of Buddhism/founded Horyuji Temple - constitution of 17 articles - Hagiography
poet of Korean ancestry and wrote social criticism of China
Soga Family
Literate Elites- rulers - powerful clans; intermediate- specialist producers; peasants

2. Why is the Ise Shrine rebuilt every 20 years?
Literate Elites- rulers - powerful clans; intermediate- specialist producers; peasants
decay of materials - affirmation of life and death cycles - expression of authority of the state
attendant stand-ins within Keyhole tombs
set epithets that heighten the resonance of certain images by linking them to previous poems and contexts

3. Muso Soseki
reliance on Amida - salvation available for all - 'Essentials of Salvation'
Garden maker who Takauji based his style off - used stone and rock to represent vast landscapes
Served as regent - advocate of Buddhism/founded Horyuji Temple - constitution of 17 articles - Hagiography
using Chinese characters to represent Japanese sounds/words

4. What is the Constitution of 17 Articles?
melancholy at the transience of things
Philosophical discourses designed to train the mind escape conventional modes of thought
symbol used to write a morpheme
followed Chinese model asserting the ruler as supreme authority of the land - did not adopt the concept of mandate of heaven - stipulated Confucian ideals

5. Pure Land Buddhism

6. Otomo Yakamochi
Meiji Period (1868-1912)
compiler of the Manyoshu
Those dealing in death (executioners - butchers - leathermakers etc)
Zen ink brush painting introduced to Japan through Southern Song

7. Kenmu restoration
Manyoshu
no
Brief restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Godaigo
animism

8. No drama
Theater performed by male actors including simple musical accompaniment in the form of drums - flutes - and chanting
Jomon - Yayoi
Meiji Period (1868-1912)
government and worshipping

9. yamato-e
Zen ink brush painting introduced to Japan through Southern Song
Japanese style painting with outlines and color pigments
safe journey - return - long imperial reign
Soga Family

10. Kakinomoto Hitormaro
using Chinese characters to represent Japanese sounds/words
decline of Buddhist law leading to the end of the world
Warring States period
court poet and most beloved poet of the anthology

11. manyogana
using Chinese characters to represent Japanese sounds/words
reliance on Amida - salvation available for all - 'Essentials of Salvation'
Garden maker who Takauji based his style off - used stone and rock to represent vast landscapes
Meiji Period (1868-1912)

12. Zen Buddhism
agriculture and wet-rice cultivation - bronze and iron tools - weaving - pottery
Founded by Dogen following the study of Chan Buddhism in China - breaking down conventional modes of perception and reasoning - Heart Sutra
Kojiki and Nihon Shoki
Rokudo (the six paths) - infiltration by bodhisattvas Kanon and Jizo - transcendence

13. Tale of the Heiki
Those dealing in death (executioners - butchers - leathermakers etc)
safe journey - return - long imperial reign
modeled after Tang China that sought to limit the increasing power of influential families
tells the story of the late Heian civil war between the Taira/Heiki clan and the Minamoto/Genji clan

14. Shoen
Zen ink brush painting introduced to Japan through Southern Song
tax free estates that grew in number during the Heian period
control the weather - linked to water
Garden maker who Takauji based his style off - used stone and rock to represent vast landscapes

15. Ugetsu director
poet of Korean ancestry and wrote social criticism of China
inflections and function words
Mizoguchi Kenji
compiler of the Manyoshu

16. 3 things that cause pollution
Death - childbirth - blood
inflections and function words
pollution
followed Chinese model asserting the ruler as supreme authority of the land - did not adopt the concept of mandate of heaven - stipulated Confucian ideals

17. Genres of tales
Mizoguchi Kenji
1st- destroyed by a typhoon - 2nd- defeated by Japanese forces and a typhoon
Theater performed by male actors including simple musical accompaniment in the form of drums - flutes - and chanting
Haunts - Humor - Buddhism/Supernatural - healing and spirituality

18. Elements of Japanese language standardization
compulsory education - elimination of the class system - unification of written and spoken Japanese based on upper-middle class Tokyoites
tells the story of the late Heian civil war between the Taira/Heiki clan and the Minamoto/Genji clan
safe journey - return - long imperial reign
Created gardens as contemplative spaces

19. Japanese was standardized during
Meiji Period (1868-1912)
1. Life is full of sorrow 2. the cause of this sorrow is desire 3. the only way to break this cycle is to free oneself from desire 4. the way to accomplish this is through the eightfold pasth
8th shogun
inflections and function words

20. hogan biiji
sense of the mysterious and sublime
sympathy for the lieutenant
using Chinese characters to represent Japanese sounds/words
Japanese style painting with outlines and color pigments

21. eta
no
devoted retainer to Yoshitsune
Those dealing in death (executioners - butchers - leathermakers etc)
Ainu (Hokkaido) - Okinawans (Okinawa) - Koreans

22. mappo
3rd Shogun
Mizoguchi Kenji
the way of the bow and arrow
decline of Buddhist law leading to the end of the world

23. is the Izumo shrine rebuilt?
using Chinese characters to represent Japanese sounds/words
no
tax free estates that grew in number during the Heian period
tells the story of the late Heian civil war between the Taira/Heiki clan and the Minamoto/Genji clan

24. Haniwa figures
attendant stand-ins within Keyhole tombs
tax free estates that grew in number during the Heian period
amusing
court poet and most beloved poet of the anthology

25. 2 Archaeological periods
Jomon - Yayoi
sympathy for the lieutenant
deity or awe-inspiring spirit
Japanese style painting with outlines and color pigments

26. dragons' abilities
control the weather - linked to water
Haunts - Humor - Buddhism/Supernatural - healing and spirituality
melancholy at the transience of things
Garden maker who Takauji based his style off - used stone and rock to represent vast landscapes

27. Heian period prominent aristocratic family
safe journey - return - long imperial reign
Soga Family
valiant warrior and romantic hero
Fujiwara

28. Onin War
amusing
Civil war during the Ashikaga period caused by unrest due to loss of control of shoen estates with local constables seizing control
decline of Buddhist law leading to the end of the world
Mizoguchi Kenji

29. Katagana is used to write...
foreign words - mimetic words - and scientific words
possessors of magic items - supernatural duel-form monk figures who are fond of testing the mettle of Buddhist priests
1st- destroyed by a typhoon - 2nd- defeated by Japanese forces and a typhoon
King of Paekche

30. What are the classifications of Gellner's model of culture in agrarian societies?
symbol used to write a morpheme
Haunts - Humor - Buddhism/Supernatural - healing and spirituality
Literate Elites- rulers - powerful clans; intermediate- specialist producers; peasants
Pure Land and Zen

31. makura kotoba
Gold pavilion in Kyoto constructed by Yoshimitsu
Zen ink brush painting introduced to Japan through Southern Song
safe journey - return - long imperial reign
set epithets that heighten the resonance of certain images by linking them to previous poems and contexts

32. Benkei
Manyoshu
Founded by Dogen following the study of Chan Buddhism in China - breaking down conventional modes of perception and reasoning - Heart Sutra
3rd Shogun
devoted retainer to Yoshitsune

33. foxes
symbol used to write a morpheme
Philosophical discourses designed to train the mind escape conventional modes of thought
Animals that were associated with possessing humans/being demons
pollution

34. hinin
divine decrees- laws
Non persons
amusing
sympathy for the lieutenant

35. two new major sects of Buddhism during the Kamakura period
essence of the spirit of the poems is that of makoto sincerity
Pure Land and Zen
Death - childbirth - blood
tax free estates that grew in number during the Heian period

36. Tengu
Non persons
Ainu (Hokkaido) - Okinawans (Okinawa) - Koreans
possessors of magic items - supernatural duel-form monk figures who are fond of testing the mettle of Buddhist priests
Manyoshu

37. Four Noble Truths of Buddhism
refined elegance
deity or awe-inspiring spirit
1. Life is full of sorrow 2. the cause of this sorrow is desire 3. the only way to break this cycle is to free oneself from desire 4. the way to accomplish this is through the eightfold pasth
possessors of magic items - supernatural duel-form monk figures who are fond of testing the mettle of Buddhist priests

38. Ahikaga Takauji
animism
belief in the spirit of words
divine decrees- laws
Created gardens as contemplative spaces

39. Hiragana is used to write...
possessors of magic items - supernatural duel-form monk figures who are fond of testing the mettle of Buddhist priests
attendant stand-ins within Keyhole tombs
safe journey - return - long imperial reign
inflections and function words

40. Ise Shrine is dedicated to
pollution
Zen ink brush painting introduced to Japan through Southern Song
Haunts - Humor - Buddhism/Supernatural - healing and spirituality
Sun Goddess (Amaterasu) in the inner shrine and Foodstuffs God (Toyouke) in the outer shrine

41. matsuri
Created gardens as contemplative spaces
government and worshipping
compulsory education - elimination of the class system - unification of written and spoken Japanese based on upper-middle class Tokyoites
agriculture and wet-rice cultivation - bronze and iron tools - weaving - pottery

42. Shobogenzo
compiler of the Manyoshu
Served as regent - advocate of Buddhism/founded Horyuji Temple - constitution of 17 articles - Hagiography
Philosophical discourses designed to train the mind escape conventional modes of thought
Gold pavilion in Kyoto constructed by Yoshimitsu

43. miyabi
Haunts - Humor - Buddhism/Supernatural - healing and spirituality
Izanami and Izanagi give birth to the Japanese islands and then Amaterasu is born from Izanagi's ablutions
Gold pavilion in Kyoto constructed by Yoshimitsu
refined elegance

44. How are the Mongol invasion attempts defeated?
1338-1573 following the collapse of the Kamakura Shogunate
the study of saints/holy peoples/figures
1st- destroyed by a typhoon - 2nd- defeated by Japanese forces and a typhoon
Brief restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Godaigo

45. kotodama is reflected by wishing for...
Soga Family
safe journey - return - long imperial reign
King of Paekche
using Chinese characters to represent Japanese sounds/words

46. Taiho Code
Pure Land and Zen
essence of the spirit of the poems is that of makoto sincerity
amusing
modeled after Tang China that sought to limit the increasing power of influential families

47. Shinto myth texts
Non persons
Kojiki and Nihon Shoki
Death - childbirth - blood
Brief restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Godaigo

48. 4 Main islands (north -> south)
Brief restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Godaigo
set epithets that heighten the resonance of certain images by linking them to previous poems and contexts
Hokkaido - Honshu - Shikoku - Kyushu
tax free estates that grew in number during the Heian period

49. Izumo shrine is dedicated to

50. Aesthetics believed
attendant stand-ins within Keyhole tombs
Non persons
essence of the spirit of the poems is that of makoto sincerity
Founded by Dogen following the study of Chan Buddhism in China - breaking down conventional modes of perception and reasoning - Heart Sutra