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Japanese Culture

Subject : culture

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. eta
1338-1573 following the collapse of the Kamakura Shogunate
Literate Elites- rulers - powerful clans; intermediate- specialist producers; peasants
Those dealing in death (executioners - butchers - leathermakers etc)
essence of the spirit of the poems is that of makoto sincerity

2. mappo
large tombs - horses - contact with Korea - government and religion joined
compulsory education - elimination of the class system - unification of written and spoken Japanese based on upper-middle class Tokyoites
decline of Buddhist law leading to the end of the world
1st- destroyed by a typhoon - 2nd- defeated by Japanese forces and a typhoon

3. 4 Main islands (north -> south)
Founded by Dogen following the study of Chan Buddhism in China - breaking down conventional modes of perception and reasoning - Heart Sutra
Hokkaido - Honshu - Shikoku - Kyushu
Death - childbirth - blood
Okashi - Miyabi - mono no aware - e-maki - Yamato-e

4. matsuri
Soga Family
Pure Land and Zen
government and worshipping
Manyoshu

5. two new major sects of Buddhism during the Kamakura period
tax free estates that grew in number during the Heian period
Pure Land and Zen
8th shogun
King of Paekche

6. Heian period prominent aristocratic family
Fujiwara
agriculture and wet-rice cultivation - bronze and iron tools - weaving - pottery
control the weather - linked to water
the way of the bow and arrow

7. Katagana is used to write...
foreign words - mimetic words - and scientific words
Literate Elites- rulers - powerful clans; intermediate- specialist producers; peasants
Kojiki and Nihon Shoki
melancholy at the transience of things

8. 3 things that cause pollution
amusing
Literate Elites- rulers - powerful clans; intermediate- specialist producers; peasants
Okashi - Miyabi - mono no aware - e-maki - Yamato-e
Death - childbirth - blood

9. Logograph
symbol used to write a morpheme
compiler of the Manyoshu
possessors of magic items - supernatural duel-form monk figures who are fond of testing the mettle of Buddhist priests
tells the story of the late Heian civil war between the Taira/Heiki clan and the Minamoto/Genji clan

10. What are the classifications of Gellner's model of culture in agrarian societies?
Okuninushi- son of Susano-o the Sun Goddess' brother
1338-1573 following the collapse of the Kamakura Shogunate
Literate Elites- rulers - powerful clans; intermediate- specialist producers; peasants
the way of the bow and arrow

11. Onin War
devoted retainer to Yoshitsune
Okashi - Miyabi - mono no aware - e-maki - Yamato-e
reliance on Amida - salvation available for all - 'Essentials of Salvation'
Civil war during the Ashikaga period caused by unrest due to loss of control of shoen estates with local constables seizing control

12. Yugen
belief in the spirit of words
sense of the mysterious and sublime
1st- destroyed by a typhoon - 2nd- defeated by Japanese forces and a typhoon
Japanese style painting with outlines and color pigments

13. manyogana
Hokkaido - Honshu - Shikoku - Kyushu
Meiji Period (1868-1912)
using Chinese characters to represent Japanese sounds/words
belief in the spirit of words

14. Elements of Japanese language standardization
Founded by Dogen following the study of Chan Buddhism in China - breaking down conventional modes of perception and reasoning - Heart Sutra
compulsory education - elimination of the class system - unification of written and spoken Japanese based on upper-middle class Tokyoites
tells the story of the late Heian civil war between the Taira/Heiki clan and the Minamoto/Genji clan
melancholy at the transience of things

15. kotodama
devoted retainer to Yoshitsune
refined elegance
belief in the spirit of words
pollution

16. Taiho Code
decline of Buddhist law leading to the end of the world
Hokkaido - Honshu - Shikoku - Kyushu
modeled after Tang China that sought to limit the increasing power of influential families
1338-1573 following the collapse of the Kamakura Shogunate

17. Aesthetics believed
Sun Goddess (Amaterasu) in the inner shrine and Foodstuffs God (Toyouke) in the outer shrine
essence of the spirit of the poems is that of makoto sincerity
decline of Buddhist law leading to the end of the world
decay of materials - affirmation of life and death cycles - expression of authority of the state

18. Who were the early adopters of Buddhism?
Soga Family
Okashi - Miyabi - mono no aware - e-maki - Yamato-e
tax free estates that grew in number during the Heian period
foreign words - mimetic words - and scientific words

19. Zen Buddhism
Those dealing in death (executioners - butchers - leathermakers etc)
1st- destroyed by a typhoon - 2nd- defeated by Japanese forces and a typhoon
government and worshipping
Founded by Dogen following the study of Chan Buddhism in China - breaking down conventional modes of perception and reasoning - Heart Sutra

20. okashi
Ainu (Hokkaido) - Okinawans (Okinawa) - Koreans
Served as regent - advocate of Buddhism/founded Horyuji Temple - constitution of 17 articles - Hagiography
amusing
Rokudo (the six paths) - infiltration by bodhisattvas Kanon and Jizo - transcendence

21. Muso Soseki
sympathy for the lieutenant
Soga Family
Garden maker who Takauji based his style off - used stone and rock to represent vast landscapes
melancholy at the transience of things

22. yamato-e
the study of saints/holy peoples/figures
followed Chinese model asserting the ruler as supreme authority of the land - did not adopt the concept of mandate of heaven - stipulated Confucian ideals
sympathy for the lieutenant
Japanese style painting with outlines and color pigments

23. Ahikaga Yoshimitsu
3rd Shogun
Garden maker who Takauji based his style off - used stone and rock to represent vast landscapes
refined elegance
set epithets that heighten the resonance of certain images by linking them to previous poems and contexts

24. Four Noble Truths of Buddhism
1. Life is full of sorrow 2. the cause of this sorrow is desire 3. the only way to break this cycle is to free oneself from desire 4. the way to accomplish this is through the eightfold pasth
belief in the spirit of words
amusing
Japanese style painting with outlines and color pigments

25. Yoshitsune
refined elegance
Jomon - Yayoi
valiant warrior and romantic hero
Brief restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Godaigo

26. kotodama is reflected by wishing for...
1338-1573 following the collapse of the Kamakura Shogunate
safe journey - return - long imperial reign
Jomon - Yayoi
Sun Goddess (Amaterasu) in the inner shrine and Foodstuffs God (Toyouke) in the outer shrine

27. Hiragana is used to write...
court poet and most beloved poet of the anthology
tells the story of the late Heian civil war between the Taira/Heiki clan and the Minamoto/Genji clan
Haunts - Humor - Buddhism/Supernatural - healing and spirituality
inflections and function words

28. yumiya no narai
the way of the bow and arrow
1338-1573 following the collapse of the Kamakura Shogunate
safe journey - return - long imperial reign
pollution

29. Heian period associated with a fear of
Warring States period
attendant stand-ins within Keyhole tombs
amusing
pollution

30. hogan biiji
Civil war during the Ashikaga period caused by unrest due to loss of control of shoen estates with local constables seizing control
Garden maker who Takauji based his style off - used stone and rock to represent vast landscapes
Brief restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Godaigo
sympathy for the lieutenant

31. Why is the Ise Shrine rebuilt every 20 years?
1. Life is full of sorrow 2. the cause of this sorrow is desire 3. the only way to break this cycle is to free oneself from desire 4. the way to accomplish this is through the eightfold pasth
decay of materials - affirmation of life and death cycles - expression of authority of the state
8th shogun
1st- destroyed by a typhoon - 2nd- defeated by Japanese forces and a typhoon

32. Ahikaga Takauji
devoted retainer to Yoshitsune
Created gardens as contemplative spaces
Philosophical discourses designed to train the mind escape conventional modes of thought
using Chinese characters to represent Japanese sounds/words

33. Innovations of the Yayoi period
1. Life is full of sorrow 2. the cause of this sorrow is desire 3. the only way to break this cycle is to free oneself from desire 4. the way to accomplish this is through the eightfold pasth
Hokkaido - Honshu - Shikoku - Kyushu
agriculture and wet-rice cultivation - bronze and iron tools - weaving - pottery
Haunts - Humor - Buddhism/Supernatural - healing and spirituality

34. Tale of the Heiki
possessors of magic items - supernatural duel-form monk figures who are fond of testing the mettle of Buddhist priests
control the weather - linked to water
Gold pavilion in Kyoto constructed by Yoshimitsu
tells the story of the late Heian civil war between the Taira/Heiki clan and the Minamoto/Genji clan

35. Creation myth

36. Kami
poet of Korean ancestry and wrote social criticism of China
deity or awe-inspiring spirit
valiant warrior and romantic hero
tells the story of the late Heian civil war between the Taira/Heiki clan and the Minamoto/Genji clan

37. No drama
Okuninushi- son of Susano-o the Sun Goddess' brother
Theater performed by male actors including simple musical accompaniment in the form of drums - flutes - and chanting
compiler of the Manyoshu
Warring States period

38. minority peoples within Japan
Founded by Dogen following the study of Chan Buddhism in China - breaking down conventional modes of perception and reasoning - Heart Sutra
essence of the spirit of the poems is that of makoto sincerity
Ainu (Hokkaido) - Okinawans (Okinawa) - Koreans
Fujiwara

39. Sumie
Okashi - Miyabi - mono no aware - e-maki - Yamato-e
Zen ink brush painting introduced to Japan through Southern Song
Created gardens as contemplative spaces
King of Paekche

40. miyabi
animism
sense of the mysterious and sublime
refined elegance
Sun Goddess (Amaterasu) in the inner shrine and Foodstuffs God (Toyouke) in the outer shrine

41. Pure Land Buddhism

42. What is the Constitution of 17 Articles?
amusing
Brief restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Godaigo
decline of Buddhist law leading to the end of the world
followed Chinese model asserting the ruler as supreme authority of the land - did not adopt the concept of mandate of heaven - stipulated Confucian ideals

43. Shinto myth texts
Kojiki and Nihon Shoki
Animals that were associated with possessing humans/being demons
Created gardens as contemplative spaces
Theater performed by male actors including simple musical accompaniment in the form of drums - flutes - and chanting

44. Haniwa figures
agriculture and wet-rice cultivation - bronze and iron tools - weaving - pottery
attendant stand-ins within Keyhole tombs
Hokkaido - Honshu - Shikoku - Kyushu
Meiji Period (1868-1912)

45. innovations of Yamato Period
compulsory education - elimination of the class system - unification of written and spoken Japanese based on upper-middle class Tokyoites
1338-1573 following the collapse of the Kamakura Shogunate
Hokkaido - Honshu - Shikoku - Kyushu
large tombs - horses - contact with Korea - government and religion joined

46. Concepts in the Nihon Ryoiki
attendant stand-ins within Keyhole tombs
Rokudo (the six paths) - infiltration by bodhisattvas Kanon and Jizo - transcendence
the study of saints/holy peoples/figures
devoted retainer to Yoshitsune

47. Heian Period Aesthetics writing/art styles
Those dealing in death (executioners - butchers - leathermakers etc)
Okashi - Miyabi - mono no aware - e-maki - Yamato-e
decay of materials - affirmation of life and death cycles - expression of authority of the state
Gold pavilion in Kyoto constructed by Yoshimitsu

48. Ashikaga Yoshimassa
melancholy at the transience of things
devoted retainer to Yoshitsune
8th shogun
Meiji Period (1868-1912)

49. Who introduced Buddhism
King of Paekche
compiler of the Manyoshu
Ainu (Hokkaido) - Okinawans (Okinawa) - Koreans
no

50. Kamakura Period
safe journey - return - long imperial reign
Manyoshu
two attempts by Kublai Khan and the Mongols to invade Japan
decline of Buddhist law leading to the end of the world