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Japanese Culture

Subject : culture

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. two new major sects of Buddhism during the Kamakura period
Civil war during the Ashikaga period caused by unrest due to loss of control of shoen estates with local constables seizing control
Soga Family
Pure Land and Zen
Kojiki and Nihon Shoki

2. Shobogenzo
decline of Buddhist law leading to the end of the world
Philosophical discourses designed to train the mind escape conventional modes of thought
tax free estates that grew in number during the Heian period
using Chinese characters to represent Japanese sounds/words

3. Zen Buddhism
8th shogun
Founded by Dogen following the study of Chan Buddhism in China - breaking down conventional modes of perception and reasoning - Heart Sutra
attendant stand-ins within Keyhole tombs
Non persons

4. Haniwa figures
attendant stand-ins within Keyhole tombs
1. Life is full of sorrow 2. the cause of this sorrow is desire 3. the only way to break this cycle is to free oneself from desire 4. the way to accomplish this is through the eightfold pasth
Kojiki and Nihon Shoki
melancholy at the transience of things

5. Muso Soseki
Meiji Period (1868-1912)
set epithets that heighten the resonance of certain images by linking them to previous poems and contexts
Warring States period
Garden maker who Takauji based his style off - used stone and rock to represent vast landscapes

6. mono no aware
melancholy at the transience of things
possessors of magic items - supernatural duel-form monk figures who are fond of testing the mettle of Buddhist priests
devoted retainer to Yoshitsune
safe journey - return - long imperial reign

7. hinin
modeled after Tang China that sought to limit the increasing power of influential families
refined elegance
Non persons
divine decrees- laws

8. Yamanoue Okura
sympathy for the lieutenant
poet of Korean ancestry and wrote social criticism of China
3rd Shogun
the way of the bow and arrow

9. Kami
Okashi - Miyabi - mono no aware - e-maki - Yamato-e
deity or awe-inspiring spirit
Sun Goddess (Amaterasu) in the inner shrine and Foodstuffs God (Toyouke) in the outer shrine
Jomon - Yayoi

10. miyabi
symbol used to write a morpheme
refined elegance
Mizoguchi Kenji
Hokkaido - Honshu - Shikoku - Kyushu

11. Taiho Code
poet of Korean ancestry and wrote social criticism of China
modeled after Tang China that sought to limit the increasing power of influential families
Those dealing in death (executioners - butchers - leathermakers etc)
Jomon - Yayoi

12. Otomo Yakamochi
compiler of the Manyoshu
Manyoshu
Brief restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Godaigo
the way of the bow and arrow

13. Shinto is a form of
government and worshipping
animism
amusing
inflections and function words

14. Japanese was standardized during
Meiji Period (1868-1912)
inflections and function words
Gold pavilion in Kyoto constructed by Yoshimitsu
the way of the bow and arrow

15. okashi
Meiji Period (1868-1912)
essence of the spirit of the poems is that of makoto sincerity
amusing
animism

16. Benkei
using Chinese characters to represent Japanese sounds/words
devoted retainer to Yoshitsune
1st- destroyed by a typhoon - 2nd- defeated by Japanese forces and a typhoon
Warring States period

17. Elements of Japanese language standardization
foreign words - mimetic words - and scientific words
Garden maker who Takauji based his style off - used stone and rock to represent vast landscapes
compulsory education - elimination of the class system - unification of written and spoken Japanese based on upper-middle class Tokyoites
essence of the spirit of the poems is that of makoto sincerity

18. Heian period prominent aristocratic family
Served as regent - advocate of Buddhism/founded Horyuji Temple - constitution of 17 articles - Hagiography
sense of the mysterious and sublime
Okuninushi- son of Susano-o the Sun Goddess' brother
Fujiwara

19. Ugetsu director
Mizoguchi Kenji
Served as regent - advocate of Buddhism/founded Horyuji Temple - constitution of 17 articles - Hagiography
Jomon - Yayoi
devoted retainer to Yoshitsune

20. Shinto myth texts
reliance on Amida - salvation available for all - 'Essentials of Salvation'
Kojiki and Nihon Shoki
Manyoshu
Philosophical discourses designed to train the mind escape conventional modes of thought

21. Heian Period Aesthetics writing/art styles
compulsory education - elimination of the class system - unification of written and spoken Japanese based on upper-middle class Tokyoites
tax free estates that grew in number during the Heian period
Okashi - Miyabi - mono no aware - e-maki - Yamato-e
Kojiki and Nihon Shoki

22. 4 Main islands (north -> south)
Hokkaido - Honshu - Shikoku - Kyushu
inflections and function words
Brief restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Godaigo
1st- destroyed by a typhoon - 2nd- defeated by Japanese forces and a typhoon

23. minority peoples within Japan
Ainu (Hokkaido) - Okinawans (Okinawa) - Koreans
deity or awe-inspiring spirit
two attempts by Kublai Khan and the Mongols to invade Japan
Okuninushi- son of Susano-o the Sun Goddess' brother

24. innovations of Yamato Period
amusing
large tombs - horses - contact with Korea - government and religion joined
reliance on Amida - salvation available for all - 'Essentials of Salvation'
decay of materials - affirmation of life and death cycles - expression of authority of the state

25. What are the classifications of Gellner's model of culture in agrarian societies?
compiler of the Manyoshu
inflections and function words
agriculture and wet-rice cultivation - bronze and iron tools - weaving - pottery
Literate Elites- rulers - powerful clans; intermediate- specialist producers; peasants

26. Pure Land Buddhism

27. Tengu
two attempts by Kublai Khan and the Mongols to invade Japan
Ainu (Hokkaido) - Okinawans (Okinawa) - Koreans
set epithets that heighten the resonance of certain images by linking them to previous poems and contexts
possessors of magic items - supernatural duel-form monk figures who are fond of testing the mettle of Buddhist priests

28. Kakinomoto Hitormaro
Ainu (Hokkaido) - Okinawans (Okinawa) - Koreans
court poet and most beloved poet of the anthology
sense of the mysterious and sublime
1338-1573 following the collapse of the Kamakura Shogunate

29. is the Izumo shrine rebuilt?
Gold pavilion in Kyoto constructed by Yoshimitsu
attendant stand-ins within Keyhole tombs
refined elegance
no

30. dragons' abilities
using Chinese characters to represent Japanese sounds/words
Animals that were associated with possessing humans/being demons
Okashi - Miyabi - mono no aware - e-maki - Yamato-e
control the weather - linked to water

31. yumiya no narai
control the weather - linked to water
the way of the bow and arrow
general and first shogun of Japan
devoted retainer to Yoshitsune

32. Kenmu restoration
deity or awe-inspiring spirit
Brief restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Godaigo
melancholy at the transience of things
court poet and most beloved poet of the anthology

33. How are the Mongol invasion attempts defeated?
1st- destroyed by a typhoon - 2nd- defeated by Japanese forces and a typhoon
Served as regent - advocate of Buddhism/founded Horyuji Temple - constitution of 17 articles - Hagiography
Manyoshu
devoted retainer to Yoshitsune

34. Why is the Ise Shrine rebuilt every 20 years?
Those dealing in death (executioners - butchers - leathermakers etc)
decay of materials - affirmation of life and death cycles - expression of authority of the state
Okuninushi- son of Susano-o the Sun Goddess' brother
followed Chinese model asserting the ruler as supreme authority of the land - did not adopt the concept of mandate of heaven - stipulated Confucian ideals

35. eta
8th shogun
attendant stand-ins within Keyhole tombs
Death - childbirth - blood
Those dealing in death (executioners - butchers - leathermakers etc)

36. Japan's first anthology of poetry
Mizoguchi Kenji
Death - childbirth - blood
set epithets that heighten the resonance of certain images by linking them to previous poems and contexts
Manyoshu

37. Ahikaga Takauji
Haunts - Humor - Buddhism/Supernatural - healing and spirituality
Created gardens as contemplative spaces
using Chinese characters to represent Japanese sounds/words
compulsory education - elimination of the class system - unification of written and spoken Japanese based on upper-middle class Tokyoites

38. Who introduced Buddhism
King of Paekche
Pure Land and Zen
no
pollution

39. Izumo shrine is dedicated to

40. Heian period associated with a fear of
pollution
Brief restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Godaigo
no
Gold pavilion in Kyoto constructed by Yoshimitsu

41. What is the Constitution of 17 Articles?
Sun Goddess (Amaterasu) in the inner shrine and Foodstuffs God (Toyouke) in the outer shrine
1. Life is full of sorrow 2. the cause of this sorrow is desire 3. the only way to break this cycle is to free oneself from desire 4. the way to accomplish this is through the eightfold pasth
followed Chinese model asserting the ruler as supreme authority of the land - did not adopt the concept of mandate of heaven - stipulated Confucian ideals
1st- destroyed by a typhoon - 2nd- defeated by Japanese forces and a typhoon

42. Ise Shrine is dedicated to
Hokkaido - Honshu - Shikoku - Kyushu
1338-1573 following the collapse of the Kamakura Shogunate
Sun Goddess (Amaterasu) in the inner shrine and Foodstuffs God (Toyouke) in the outer shrine
Haunts - Humor - Buddhism/Supernatural - healing and spirituality

43. Kamakura Period
no
two attempts by Kublai Khan and the Mongols to invade Japan
Ainu (Hokkaido) - Okinawans (Okinawa) - Koreans
decline of Buddhist law leading to the end of the world

44. Innovations of the Yayoi period
Literate Elites- rulers - powerful clans; intermediate- specialist producers; peasants
belief in the spirit of words
agriculture and wet-rice cultivation - bronze and iron tools - weaving - pottery
followed Chinese model asserting the ruler as supreme authority of the land - did not adopt the concept of mandate of heaven - stipulated Confucian ideals

45. Ahikaga Yoshimitsu
3rd Shogun
refined elegance
Gold pavilion in Kyoto constructed by Yoshimitsu
Brief restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Godaigo

46. Four Noble Truths of Buddhism
Hokkaido - Honshu - Shikoku - Kyushu
reliance on Amida - salvation available for all - 'Essentials of Salvation'
1. Life is full of sorrow 2. the cause of this sorrow is desire 3. the only way to break this cycle is to free oneself from desire 4. the way to accomplish this is through the eightfold pasth
symbol used to write a morpheme

47. Tale of the Heiki
tells the story of the late Heian civil war between the Taira/Heiki clan and the Minamoto/Genji clan
Hokkaido - Honshu - Shikoku - Kyushu
decline of Buddhist law leading to the end of the world
safe journey - return - long imperial reign

48. kotodama
Manyoshu
1st- destroyed by a typhoon - 2nd- defeated by Japanese forces and a typhoon
general and first shogun of Japan
belief in the spirit of words

49. Ahikaga period
1338-1573 following the collapse of the Kamakura Shogunate
Okuninushi- son of Susano-o the Sun Goddess' brother
Non persons
Civil war during the Ashikaga period caused by unrest due to loss of control of shoen estates with local constables seizing control

50. hagiography
tax free estates that grew in number during the Heian period
the way of the bow and arrow
the study of saints/holy peoples/figures
Pure Land and Zen