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Test your basic knowledge |
Journalism Law
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Subject
:
journalism-and-media
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. To claim exemption for investigative records - they must show how disclosure would interfere with proceedings. The burden of proof is on the party claiming exemption.
Circuit Court
Evening News Association v. Troy
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
Pearson v. Dodd
2. Reconfirmed that you cannot censor news media and its coverage unless theirs a clear and present danger.
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
Injunction
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
McCracken v. Evening News Association
3. (privacy) There are areas around you that are a 'zone of privacy'
Time Inc. v. Hill
In re Times Publishing Co.
Alander
Intrusion on physical solitude
4. If you knowingly run ads that advocate criminal activity - you can be held liable. Got off on the first case - but on the second case they should have known better.
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
Snepp v. United States
5. If a publication accurately prints something from a false public record document - they cannot be sued for libel.
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
Public figure
Pearson v. Dodd
6. Minor errors do not count as actual malice.
Florida Star v. B.J.F
District Court
Time Inc. v. Pape
Public figure
7. hearing where the judge decides whether or not there is sufficient evidence to prove a crime. In michigan - takes place in district court
Preliminary hearing
Booth & Ann Arbor News v. EMU Board of Regents
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
Pretiral hearing
8. Guarantees freedoms of speech - religion - press and assembly.
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
First amendment
Arraignment
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
9. A form of qualified privilege which gives the media the right to publish articles as long as opinions are based on relevent facts. These aretiles include opinion - columns - editorials - book reviews - movie reviews - etc.
Pretiral hearing
Fair comment
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit
10. Failure to obey an order made by the court
District Court
Civil contempt
Felonies
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
11. The declaration of a final judgment based on the evidence presented
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Adjudication
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
Time Inc. v. Firestone
12. (Privacy)a. Very close to libel - If you're a public official/figure you have the actual malice rule - Portraying someone in a lie - Truth is a defense - Consent is a defense - Public newsworthy event is okay
Jurisdiction
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
False light
In re Times Publishing Co.
13. For purposes of defamation - a person who has thrust themself into the spotlight and has the power to gain media publicity. these individuals must prove actual malice to prevail in a libel suit
Branzburg v. Hayes
Public figure
WXYZ v. Hand
In re Closure of Voir Dire (People v. Lawrence)
14. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating an educational purpose.
5 Elements of libel
Shepherd v. Maxwell
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
15. Enforced freelancer/copyright actions - and publishers who were doing more than compile the stories had to pay the reporters. Electronic publications (putting it online) makes it a new publication.
6th - cincinnati OH
Tasini v. NYT
Libel
Private figure
16. Any communication - true or false - which exposes a person to hatred - ridicule or contempt. the person's reputation is harmed or damaged
Galella v. Onassis
Defamation
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
Arraignment
17. For purposes of divorce - there may be some elements of a public person's private life that make them a private figure.
Time Inc. v. Pape
Defenses of libel
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Rouch 1
18. The power of authority of a particular court to hear and adjudicate matters in dispute
Jurisdiction
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
District Court
19. Written defamation which causes injury to another's reputation
Gannett v. DePasquale
Dendrite v. John Does
Libel
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
20. Reckless disregard for the truth; knowing falsity
U.S. v. Dickinson
Actual malice
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
Branzburg v. Hayes
21. A person vs. a person (corporation can be a person too
Branzburg v. Hayes
Morse v. Frederick
Intrusion on physical solitude
Any civil matter
22. Michigan court trials have to remain open. Parts can be closed - but never all of the trial. M.C.L.A 750.520k only applies to pre-trial hearings.
Time Inc. v. Hill
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
In re Times Publishing Co.
Defenses of libel
23. 3rd party has no obligation to notify media when there's been a government subpoena of phone records. Also includes any form of electronic communication.
False light
Freedom of Information Act
Adjudication
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
24. NYT actual malice rule is extended form just public officials to include public figures
Curtis Publishing v. Butts and AP v. Walker
Freedom of Information Act
False light
Wilson v. Layne
25. No absolute right of access to members of the media. Can be restricted within reason.
Galella v. Onassis
5 Elements of libel
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
26. The First Amendment protects college students' freedom of expression - and the Hazelwood case should not be applied to college media.
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
In re Closure of Voir Dire (People v. Lawrence)
Kincaid v. Gibson
Actual malice
27. For presidential searches - MI supreme court ruled universities are 4th arm of government - and must conduct search in public.
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
Evening News Association v. Troy
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
28. The government cannot censor. In order to exercise prior restraint - the Government must show sufficient evidence that the publication would cause a 'grave and irreparable' danger.
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
New York Times v. United States
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
29. Broadcasters are immune from liability if political candidates defame someone while under section 315
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
Farmers Education Cooperative v. WDAY
Fair comment
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
30. The press has no greater constitutional right to access penal facilities than any member of the general public
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Wilson v. Layne
MCLA 750.520k
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
31. The Sixth Amendment rights of a defendant outweigh the First Amendment of the press in cases where the press can have prejudicial outcome of the defendant's trial.
Gannett v. DePasquale
Sixth amendmen
Alander
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
32. Spoken defamation which causes injury to a person's reputation
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
Alander
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
Evening News Association v. Troy
33. Federal if between two states (although try to get it back to states) - telecommunications - crossing state lines - anything violating state law
Gag order
District Court
Precedent
U.S. v. Dickinson
34. Truth is only a defense in privacy cases when it's in a case of _______
False light
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
State News v. Michigan State University
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
35. Motions for summary judgment is applicable if the publication is not private facts and is newsworthy.
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
Detroit Free Press v. Recorder's Court Judge
Freedom of Information Act
36. If a quote is altered - in order for a publication to be sued the plaintiff must prove the meaning portrayed in altered quote is dramatically different than the actual quote
Branzburg v. Hayes
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Irreparable harm
Any civil matter
37. Institutes procedures to ensure every citizen has the right to access government documents - as well as the right to inspect and receive copies of records from state and local government bodies.
MCLA 750.520k
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
Freedom of Information Act
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
38. Limited decision. Closure of preliminary hearing is unconstitutional in California because they act as mini trials to ensure defendants right to a fair trial. Unique to that state however.
Press-Enterprise v. Superior Court in Riverside
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Libel Per Se
New York Times v. Sullivan
39. Michigan is in ____ district court in ____ -____
Galella v. Onassis
6th - cincinnati OH
Amicus curiae
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
40. The right of an individual to a speedy trial by an impartial jury - to be informed of the changes against them - to confront witnesses - the right to have compulsory proceedings to obtain witnesses in their favor - and the right to have assistance of
Sixth amendmen
Food Lion - Inc - v. Capital Cities/ABC
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
41. A reporter has a qualified privilege to report on controversial matters of public interest using reputable sources.
Sixth amendmen
Doctrine of neutral reportage
Herbert v. Lando
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
42. If an ongoing - criminal investigation is actively underway - discretion may be used under the exemption claim in FOIA to withhold some documents.
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
Right to publicity
Kincaid v. Gibson
43. Series of pre trail hearings: court created devices to weed out inadmissible evidence prior to trial. Often determine bargaining of prosecution and defendant to come up with plea bargain. Most cases are ended with plea bargain and don't go to trial.
Gannett v. DePasquale
Circuit Court
District Court
Detroit Free Press v. Recorder's Court Judge
44. A judgment made by the court before or during a trial. This judgment is in repsonse to a motion by the plaintiff or defendant - who claims there is not enough evidence or there is no dispute that the information given is fact.
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
Summary judgment
Precedent
Tasini v. NYT
45. Judge has an absolute duty to ensure fair trial rights. Judge must be able to control what's going on in the courtroom.
Shepherd v. Maxwell
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
46. A decision of a court that is recognized as an authority in deciding cases which deal with similar or identical questions of law.
In re Closure of Voir Dire (People v. Lawrence)
Freedom of Information Act
Precedent
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
47. No liability for publishing information that was lawfully obtained.
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Freedom of information act
Florida Star v. B.J.F
Arraignment
48. What is shot in public place is fine - but if there is intrusion on physical solitude it is not protected.
Michigan Federation of Teachers v. University of Michigan
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
Shulman v. Group W. Productions
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
49. A proper search warrant could be applied to a newspaper as well as to anyone else without necessarily violating the First Amendment rights to freedom of the press.
Rouch 1
Clark v. ABC
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
Detroit Free Press v. Recorder's Court Judge
50. Innocent and negligent misstatement in a newspaper are protected under constitutional freedoms of speech and press.
MCLA 750.520k
Time Inc. v. Hill
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
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