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Journalism Law

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. MI Supreme Court ruled directory information of teachers cannot be disclosed. (home address and phone number)






2. Qualified privilege allows newspapers to report on both sides of a story as long as the sources are qualified. Created doctrine of neutral reportage






3. School officials can prohibit students from displaying messages that promote illegal drug use.






4. Damages presumed - Falsely accusing someone of a crime - Statements concerning race or political belief - Damaging someone in their business - Ex. calling brain surgeon 'butterfingers'






5. If the information is lawfully obtained - the defendant can't be held in contempt of court.






6. Innocent and negligent misstatement in a newspaper are protected under constitutional freedoms of speech and press.






7. The speech and debate clause only covers members of congress within the halls of congress - not outside of it. I.E. press releases - speeches - etc.






8. If a publication accurately prints something from a false public record document - they cannot be sued for libel.






9. This protects the media from liability of defamatory statements made during official proceedings. The published story must be a fair and accurate account of what happened.






10. Journalists and citizens must first obey court orders first before seeking appeal - even if they believe the order is unconstitutional






11. First Amendment protects media to report information from official records available in open court.






12. Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency - 2. Intrusion on physical solitude - 3. False light - 4. Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit - 5. Right to publicity






13. As long as speech was about a public official (figure) could not reasonably be construed to state actual facts about its subject - it is protected by the first amendment.






14. Anything punishable by more than a year in jail






15. Civil cases when the amount in dispute is less than $25 -000






16. Any communication - true or false - which exposes a person to hatred - ridicule or contempt. the person's reputation is harmed or damaged






17. in an invasion of privacy tort - an action which occurs when an individual's expectation of privacy or right to be left alone is breached. EX. A reporter lies about his identity to gain access to information they couldn't under normal conditions.






18. The OMA does not allow public bodies to bypass the law by closing meetings or doing round robin phone calls. universities are not exempt from FOIA in cases of public records.






19. Judge has an absolute duty to ensure fair trial rights. Judge must be able to control what's going on in the courtroom.






20. The burden of proof imposed on public officials extends to anyone involved in a matter of public concern - regardless of whether they were famous or unknown.






21. Reckless disregard for the truth; knowing falsity






22. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating an educational purpose.






23. (privacy) There are areas around you that are a 'zone of privacy'






24. Under FOIA - personell records may be released - subject to 'appropriate redactions.'






25. What is shot in public place is fine - but if there is intrusion on physical solitude it is not protected.






26. The press has no greater constitutional right to access penal facilities than any member of the general public






27. If you obtain material from a third party illegally - media are still protected and can publish.






28. A proper search warrant could be applied to a newspaper as well as to anyone else without necessarily violating the First Amendment rights to freedom of the press.






29. First Amendment protects even false statements about the conduct of public officials except when statements are made with knowledge that they are false or in reckless disregard of their truth or falsity. (actual malice)






30. US Supreme court allows inquiry into a reporters state of mind when making decisions about what to include and what not to include.






31. Private members of society are not required by the First Amendment to meet the 'actual malice' standard in order to recover damage.

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32. When you have a private figure plaintiff - even though state standards controls - if it's a matter of public concern - the burden of proof shifts from the defendant who no longer has to prove truth - to the plaintiff who has to prove falsity of what






33. The government cannot censor. In order to exercise prior restraint - the Government must show sufficient evidence that the publication would cause a 'grave and irreparable' danger.






34. Prevents ISPs from liability except on copyright.






35. Failure to obey an order made by the court






36. A judgment made by the court before or during a trial. This judgment is in repsonse to a motion by the plaintiff or defendant - who claims there is not enough evidence or there is no dispute that the information given is fact.






37. The power of authority of a particular court to hear and adjudicate matters in dispute






38. Protects all 'persons' from deprivation of life - liberty or property without due process of law.






39. In Michigan - there's an absolute right of public to be present during jury selection.






40. No absolute right of access to members of the media. Can be restricted within reason.






41. The Sixth Amendment rights of a defendant outweigh the First Amendment of the press in cases where the press can have prejudicial outcome of the defendant's trial.






42. (Privacy)a. Very close to libel - If you're a public official/figure you have the actual malice rule - Portraying someone in a lie - Truth is a defense - Consent is a defense - Public newsworthy event is okay






43. Words that may be innocent on face - but facts make story damaging






44. Publication - identification - defamation - harm and damages






45. Michigan statute M.C.L.A. 750.520k violated the First - Fifth - and Fourteenth Amendments






46. Newspaper must have known material falsity - material falsity became standard of proof in Michigan.






47. Only in Massachusetts - you can close a preliminary hearing if the case is a sexual assault case.






48. Guarantees people the right to be secure in their homes and property against unreasonable searches and seizures. Also protects against the issuance of a warrant without probable cause.






49. Police have to disclose incident report records. Do have to keep submitting FOIAs.






50. Enforced freelancer/copyright actions - and publishers who were doing more than compile the stories had to pay the reporters. Electronic publications (putting it online) makes it a new publication.