SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Journalism Law
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
journalism-and-media
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Recognized first amendment right of privacy for private figures against media.
New York Times v. Sullivan
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Qualified privilege
2. Statements of opinion that could be perceived as defamation need to be based on reliable evidence.
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
Alander
Intrusion on physical solitude
3. For purposes of divorce - there may be some elements of a public person's private life that make them a private figure.
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Curtis Publishing v. Butts and AP v. Walker
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
4. Journalists and citizens must first obey court orders first before seeking appeal - even if they believe the order is unconstitutional
Fair comment
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
U.S. v. Dickinson
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
5. If a quote is altered - in order for a publication to be sued the plaintiff must prove the meaning portrayed in altered quote is dramatically different than the actual quote
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
Actual Damages
6. Only in Massachusetts - you can close a preliminary hearing if the case is a sexual assault case.
Public figure
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
Right to publicity
Misdemeanor
7. A person vs. a person (corporation can be a person too
Any civil matter
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
8. Series of pre trail hearings: court created devices to weed out inadmissible evidence prior to trial. Often determine bargaining of prosecution and defendant to come up with plea bargain. Most cases are ended with plea bargain and don't go to trial.
Circuit Court
District Court
Injunction
Amicus curiae
9. Broadcasters are immune from liability if political candidates defame someone while under section 315
Farmers Education Cooperative v. WDAY
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
Libel Per Se
10. The power of authority of a particular court to hear and adjudicate matters in dispute
Sixth amendmen
False light
Tickets
Jurisdiction
11. Publication - identification - defamation - harm and damages
5 Elements of libel
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
12. No absolute right of access to members of the media. Can be restricted within reason.
Galella v. Onassis
Any civil matter
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Public figure
13. Michigan statute M.C.L.A. 750.520k violated the First - Fifth - and Fourteenth Amendments
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
WXYZ v. Hand
5 Elements of libel
14. Requires certain information held by various federal and state agencies to be made available to the public unless the information falls under one of the exemptions.
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Defamation
Freedom of information act
Libel Per Se
15. If you knowingly run ads that advocate criminal activity - you can be held liable. Got off on the first case - but on the second case they should have known better.
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
Intrusion on physical solitude
6th - cincinnati OH
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
16. An order issued by the court to prevent attorneys and witnesses from discussing the case outside the courtroom - or reporters from publishing information obtained during a court proceeding.
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Gag order
Shulman v. Group W. Productions
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
17. Motions for summary judgment is applicable if the publication is not private facts and is newsworthy.
Sixth amendmen
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
Intrusion on physical solitude
18. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating an educational purpose.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Private figure
Booth & Ann Arbor News v. EMU Board of Regents
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
19. There is liability even if the news organization reports both sides - if the sources are not credible.
New York Times v. Sullivan
Press-Enterprise v. Superior Court in Riverside
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
20. A reporter has a qualified privilege to report on controversial matters of public interest using reputable sources.
Right to publicity
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
Doctrine of neutral reportage
21. The declaration of a final judgment based on the evidence presented
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Adjudication
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Pretiral hearing
22. Money damages awarded to the injured party as compensation for a specific loss
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
Preliminary hearing
Actual Damages
23. The First Amendment protects college students' freedom of expression - and the Hazelwood case should not be applied to college media.
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
Alander
Press-Enterprise v. Superior Court in Riverside
Kincaid v. Gibson
24. Have to have an open meeting when interviewing candidates for a public position.
Gag order
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
Arraignment
Actual malice
25. To claim exemption for investigative records - they must show how disclosure would interfere with proceedings. The burden of proof is on the party claiming exemption.
Clark v. ABC
Evening News Association v. Troy
Wilson v. Layne
Shulman v. Group W. Productions
26. Limited decision. Closure of preliminary hearing is unconstitutional in California because they act as mini trials to ensure defendants right to a fair trial. Unique to that state however.
Tasini v. NYT
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
Press-Enterprise v. Superior Court in Riverside
27. (Privacy)a. Very close to libel - If you're a public official/figure you have the actual malice rule - Portraying someone in a lie - Truth is a defense - Consent is a defense - Public newsworthy event is okay
False light
6th - cincinnati OH
Public figure
Wilson v. Layne
28. Permission given by SCOTUS to allow a case to be appealed
Pretiral hearing
MCLA 750.520k
False light
Certiorari
29. 3rd party has no obligation to notify media when there's been a government subpoena of phone records. Also includes any form of electronic communication.
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Actual Damages
Gertz v. Welch
30. Newspaper must have known material falsity - material falsity became standard of proof in Michigan.
Private figure
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Civil contempt
Rouch 2
31. The burden of proof imposed on public officials extends to anyone involved in a matter of public concern - regardless of whether they were famous or unknown.
Gag order
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Booth Newspaper v. U of M Board of Regents
5 Elements of libel
32. Qualified privilege allows newspapers to report on both sides of a story as long as the sources are qualified. Created doctrine of neutral reportage
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
Freedom of information act
Food Lion - Inc - v. Capital Cities/ABC
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
33. A court created device to weed out inadmissible evidence in advance of trial
Fourteenth amendment
Pretiral hearing
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
First amendment
34. Set the standard in MI that negligence is needed to prove libel - as the legislature had not acted.
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
Rouch 1
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
WXYZ v. Hand
35. If a publication accurately prints something from a false public record document - they cannot be sued for libel.
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
Fourteenth amendment
False light
Freedom of Information Act
36. A form of qualified privilege which gives the media the right to publish articles as long as opinions are based on relevent facts. These aretiles include opinion - columns - editorials - book reviews - movie reviews - etc.
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
Fair comment
MCLA 750.520k
Certiorari
37. Guarantees freedoms of speech - religion - press and assembly.
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
First amendment
Detroit Free Press v. Recorder's Court Judge
38. Judge has an absolute duty to ensure fair trial rights. Judge must be able to control what's going on in the courtroom.
In re Closure of Voir Dire (People v. Lawrence)
Intrusion on physical solitude
Shepherd v. Maxwell
Amicus curiae
39. When you have a private figure plaintiff - even though state standards controls - if it's a matter of public concern - the burden of proof shifts from the defendant who no longer has to prove truth - to the plaintiff who has to prove falsity of what
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
Freedom of information act
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
40. The OMA does not allow public bodies to bypass the law by closing meetings or doing round robin phone calls. universities are not exempt from FOIA in cases of public records.
Booth & Ann Arbor News v. EMU Board of Regents
U.S. v. Dickinson
Branzburg v. Hayes
Booth Newspaper v. U of M Board of Regents
41. Spoken defamation which causes injury to a person's reputation
Alander
Precedent
Intrusion on physical solitude
Felonies
42. A decision of a court that is recognized as an authority in deciding cases which deal with similar or identical questions of law.
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
Precedent
Time Inc. v. Pape
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
43. Innocent and negligent misstatement in a newspaper are protected under constitutional freedoms of speech and press.
Actual Damages
Time Inc. v. Hill
Public figure
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
44. The right of an individual to a speedy trial by an impartial jury - to be informed of the changes against them - to confront witnesses - the right to have compulsory proceedings to obtain witnesses in their favor - and the right to have assistance of
Gag order
Summary judgment
Sixth amendmen
District Court
45. Reporters have no greater rights than any other citizen - there is no reporter shield from grand jury testifying. If you're attempting to harass - then reporters are protected and do not have to testify.
Fourth amendment
Branzburg v. Hayes
Dendrite v. John Does
Galella v. Onassis
46. MI Supreme Court ruled directory information of teachers cannot be disclosed. (home address and phone number)
Freedom of Information Act
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
Michigan Federation of Teachers v. University of Michigan
47. Institutes procedures to ensure every citizen has the right to access government documents - as well as the right to inspect and receive copies of records from state and local government bodies.
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
Freedom of Information Act
48. Undercover efforts by news organizations could be prosecuted not for defamation - but possibly for things like breach of duty or loyalty.
Private figure
Civil contempt
Food Lion - Inc - v. Capital Cities/ABC
Freedom of Information Act
49. Reckless disregard for the truth; knowing falsity
Actual malice
Private figure
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
Freedom of information act
50. Under the language of the statute - these media representatives are not subject to an investigative subpoena.
People of the State of Michigan v. Pastor
WXYZ v. Hand
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency