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Test your basic knowledge |
Journalism Law
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
journalism-and-media
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. There is a first amendment right of access to the public to cover and attend trials.
U.S. v. Dickinson
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
Precedent
6th - cincinnati OH
2. First Amendment protects media to report information from official records available in open court.
Libel Perquod
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Dendrite v. John Does
Fair comment
3. A court order preventing a person or group from doing or continuing to do a specific act.
Injunction
Defamation
Pearson v. Dodd
Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit
4. As long as speech was about a public official (figure) could not reasonably be construed to state actual facts about its subject - it is protected by the first amendment.
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Gannett v. DePasquale
Any civil matter
Kincaid v. Gibson
5. If the information is lawfully obtained - the defendant can't be held in contempt of court.
Shepherd v. Maxwell
Fair comment
Libel Perquod
In re Times Publishing Co.
6. (privacy) There are areas around you that are a 'zone of privacy'
Intrusion on physical solitude
Tasini v. NYT
Fair comment
Farmers Education Cooperative v. WDAY
7. If a quote is altered - in order for a publication to be sued the plaintiff must prove the meaning portrayed in altered quote is dramatically different than the actual quote
Libel Perquod
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
8. In Michigan - booking photos are available to the public.
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
Sixth amendmen
Preliminary hearing
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
9. Judge has an absolute duty to ensure fair trial rights. Judge must be able to control what's going on in the courtroom.
Shepherd v. Maxwell
Intrusion on physical solitude
WXYZ v. Hand
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
10. Statements of opinion that could be perceived as defamation need to be based on reliable evidence.
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
Food Lion - Inc - v. Capital Cities/ABC
Michigan Federation of Teachers v. University of Michigan
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
11. Undercover efforts by news organizations could be prosecuted not for defamation - but possibly for things like breach of duty or loyalty.
Gag order
Food Lion - Inc - v. Capital Cities/ABC
Evening News Association v. Troy
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
12. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating it is lewd - indecent or offensive - or have legitimate pedagogical concerns.
Branzburg v. Hayes
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
District Court
Felonies
13. Words that may be innocent on face - but facts make story damaging
Galella v. Onassis
Libel Perquod
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
14. In an invasion of privacy tort - the right an individual has to profit from their likeness - or to prevent others from gaining value for their own commercial benefit
Sixth amendmen
New York Times v. Sullivan
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Right to publicity
15. An order issued by the court to prevent attorneys and witnesses from discussing the case outside the courtroom - or reporters from publishing information obtained during a court proceeding.
Gag order
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
Dendrite v. John Does
False light
16. A person vs. a person (corporation can be a person too
Preliminary hearing
Any civil matter
Rouch 1
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
17. Truth is only a defense in privacy cases when it's in a case of _______
False light
Precedent
Rouch 1
Sixth amendmen
18. For purposes of divorce - there may be some elements of a public person's private life that make them a private figure.
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
Pearson v. Dodd
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Libel
19. Qualified privilege allows newspapers to report on both sides of a story as long as the sources are qualified. Created doctrine of neutral reportage
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Food Lion - Inc - v. Capital Cities/ABC
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
5 Elements of libel
20. A judgment made by the court before or during a trial. This judgment is in repsonse to a motion by the plaintiff or defendant - who claims there is not enough evidence or there is no dispute that the information given is fact.
MCLA 750.520k
Summary judgment
Arraignment
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
21. There is a First amendment right of access to trials
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22. 3rd party has no obligation to notify media when there's been a government subpoena of phone records. Also includes any form of electronic communication.
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
23. (Privacy)a. Very close to libel - If you're a public official/figure you have the actual malice rule - Portraying someone in a lie - Truth is a defense - Consent is a defense - Public newsworthy event is okay
False light
Circuit Court
Pearson v. Dodd
McCracken v. Evening News Association
24. Compensatory damages are a proper remedy to avoid the injustice under a promissory estoppel claim.
Shulman v. Group W. Productions
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
False light
25. Federal if between two states (although try to get it back to states) - telecommunications - crossing state lines - anything violating state law
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
District Court
Fair comment
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
26. A form of qualified privilege which gives the media the right to publish articles as long as opinions are based on relevent facts. These aretiles include opinion - columns - editorials - book reviews - movie reviews - etc.
McCracken v. Evening News Association
Fair comment
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
27. Limited decision. Closure of preliminary hearing is unconstitutional in California because they act as mini trials to ensure defendants right to a fair trial. Unique to that state however.
Evening News Association v. Troy
Amicus curiae
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
Press-Enterprise v. Superior Court in Riverside
28. For presidential searches - MI supreme court ruled universities are 4th arm of government - and must conduct search in public.
Intrusion on physical solitude
Freedom of Information Act
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
First amendment
29. Under FOIA - personell records may be released - subject to 'appropriate redactions.'
Morse v. Frederick
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
Time Inc. v. Pape
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
30. Upon the request of the counsel or the victim - you can order that the names of the victim and actor and details of the alleged offense be suppressed until such time as the actor is arraigned - the charge is dismissed - or the case is otherwise concl
Time Inc. v. Hill
Wilson v. Layne
MCLA 750.520k
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
31. If you get the information from outside sources - you can publish it. MCL 750.520k does not constitute an unlawful prior restraint on publication. Rather - the statute directs that the court file be withheld from the public
Farmers Education Cooperative v. WDAY
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Midland Publishing Co v. District Judge
32. Opinion - privilege - fair comment - truth - constitutional defenses
Defenses of libel
Booth & Ann Arbor News v. EMU Board of Regents
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
Farmers Education Cooperative v. WDAY
33. A court created device to weed out inadmissible evidence in advance of trial
Time Inc. v. Pape
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Pretiral hearing
State News v. Michigan State University
34. Requires certain information held by various federal and state agencies to be made available to the public unless the information falls under one of the exemptions.
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Freedom of information act
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
35. Damages presumed - Falsely accusing someone of a crime - Statements concerning race or political belief - Damaging someone in their business - Ex. calling brain surgeon 'butterfingers'
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
Libel Per Se
Tickets
Certiorari
36. The First Amendment protects college students' freedom of expression - and the Hazelwood case should not be applied to college media.
Kincaid v. Gibson
False light
District Court
Press-Enterprise v. Superior Court in Riverside
37. Any communication - true or false - which exposes a person to hatred - ridicule or contempt. the person's reputation is harmed or damaged
Defamation
Amicus curiae
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
False light
38. The power of authority of a particular court to hear and adjudicate matters in dispute
Jurisdiction
Amicus curiae
Intrusion on physical solitude
Tickets
39. Friend of the court.
Circuit Court
Intrusion on physical solitude
Amicus curiae
False light
40. Journalists and citizens must first obey court orders first before seeking appeal - even if they believe the order is unconstitutional
U.S. v. Dickinson
WXYZ v. Hand
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
41. Anything punishable by more than a year in jail
False light
Felonies
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
42. Innocent and negligent misstatement in a newspaper are protected under constitutional freedoms of speech and press.
Actual malice
Time Inc. v. Hill
Shepherd v. Maxwell
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
43. MI Supreme Court ruled directory information of teachers cannot be disclosed. (home address and phone number)
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Michigan Federation of Teachers v. University of Michigan
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
44. If an ongoing - criminal investigation is actively underway - discretion may be used under the exemption claim in FOIA to withhold some documents.
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
Summary judgment
45. Reconfirmed that you cannot censor news media and its coverage unless theirs a clear and present danger.
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Libel Per Se
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
46. For purposes of defamation - a person who has thrust themself into the spotlight and has the power to gain media publicity. these individuals must prove actual malice to prevail in a libel suit
Public figure
Libel Perquod
Booth Newspaper v. U of M Board of Regents
Rouch 2
47. Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency - 2. Intrusion on physical solitude - 3. False light - 4. Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit - 5. Right to publicity
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
5 Areas of privacy
Time Inc. v. Pape
48. Only in Massachusetts - you can close a preliminary hearing if the case is a sexual assault case.
Evening News Association v. Troy
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
49. NYT actual malice rule is extended form just public officials to include public figures
Gannett v. DePasquale
Curtis Publishing v. Butts and AP v. Walker
Press-Enterprise v. Superior Court in Riverside
Detroit Free Press v. Recorder's Court Judge
50. For the purpose of defamation - a person who does not have regular - continuing access to the media - or on matters of public controversy. These individuals have a lesser burden of proof under most state libel laws.
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
Private figure
Florida Star v. B.J.F
Time Inc. v. Pape