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Journalism Law

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. As long as speech was about a public official (figure) could not reasonably be construed to state actual facts about its subject - it is protected by the first amendment.






2. Money damages awarded to the injured party as compensation for a specific loss






3. Spoken defamation which causes injury to a person's reputation






4. Plaintiffs are not entitled to an order unmasking an anonymous author when the statements in question cannot support a cause of action for defamation.






5. This protects the media from liability of defamatory statements made during official proceedings. The published story must be a fair and accurate account of what happened.






6. Prevents ISPs from liability except on copyright.






7. Lowest court handles: Tickets - civil matter - Misdemeanor - Felonies






8. The burden of proof imposed on public officials extends to anyone involved in a matter of public concern - regardless of whether they were famous or unknown.






9. There is a First amendment right of access to trials

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10. The Sixth Amendment rights of a defendant outweigh the First Amendment of the press in cases where the press can have prejudicial outcome of the defendant's trial.






11. NYT actual malice standard does not extend to private figures. However - it's up to the states to determine what a private figure is - and there's a new standard that says you have to prove harm and damages.






12. Guarantees people the right to be secure in their homes and property against unreasonable searches and seizures. Also protects against the issuance of a warrant without probable cause.






13. The right of an individual to a speedy trial by an impartial jury - to be informed of the changes against them - to confront witnesses - the right to have compulsory proceedings to obtain witnesses in their favor - and the right to have assistance of






14. Only in Massachusetts - you can close a preliminary hearing if the case is a sexual assault case.






15. Michigan court trials have to remain open. Parts can be closed - but never all of the trial. M.C.L.A 750.520k only applies to pre-trial hearings.






16. When you have a private figure plaintiff - even though state standards controls - if it's a matter of public concern - the burden of proof shifts from the defendant who no longer has to prove truth - to the plaintiff who has to prove falsity of what






17. A decision of a court that is recognized as an authority in deciding cases which deal with similar or identical questions of law.






18. Michigan statute M.C.L.A. 750.520k violated the First - Fifth - and Fourteenth Amendments






19. First Amendment protects media to report information from official records available in open court.






20. The press has no greater constitutional right to access penal facilities than any member of the general public






21. There is a first amendment right of access to the public to cover and attend trials.






22. The declaration of a final judgment based on the evidence presented






23. A proper search warrant could be applied to a newspaper as well as to anyone else without necessarily violating the First Amendment rights to freedom of the press.






24. Have to have an open meeting when interviewing candidates for a public position.






25. Newspapers do not have an equal time requirement like broadcast has.






26. in an invasion of privacy tort - an action which occurs when an individual's expectation of privacy or right to be left alone is breached. EX. A reporter lies about his identity to gain access to information they couldn't under normal conditions.






27. (Privacy)a. Very close to libel - If you're a public official/figure you have the actual malice rule - Portraying someone in a lie - Truth is a defense - Consent is a defense - Public newsworthy event is okay






28. Anything punishable by more than a year in jail






29. A published article must be so inaccurate that it will have more of an effect on the reader than the literal truth would.






30. Minor errors do not count as actual malice.






31. Judge has an absolute duty to ensure fair trial rights. Judge must be able to control what's going on in the courtroom.






32. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating an educational purpose.






33. If a publication accurately prints something from a false public record document - they cannot be sued for libel.






34. Qualified privilege allows newspapers to report on both sides of a story as long as the sources are qualified. Created doctrine of neutral reportage






35. Publication - identification - defamation - harm and damages






36. Written defamation which causes injury to another's reputation






37. Guarantees freedoms of speech - religion - press and assembly.






38. A reporter has a qualified privilege to report on controversial matters of public interest using reputable sources.






39. Set the standard in MI that negligence is needed to prove libel - as the legislature had not acted.






40. If a quote is altered - in order for a publication to be sued the plaintiff must prove the meaning portrayed in altered quote is dramatically different than the actual quote






41. A court created device to weed out inadmissible evidence in advance of trial






42. For the purpose of defamation - a person who does not have regular - continuing access to the media - or on matters of public controversy. These individuals have a lesser burden of proof under most state libel laws.






43. Under the language of the statute - these media representatives are not subject to an investigative subpoena.






44. The First Amendment protects college students' freedom of expression - and the Hazelwood case should not be applied to college media.






45. 3rd party has no obligation to notify media when there's been a government subpoena of phone records. Also includes any form of electronic communication.






46. What is shot in public place is fine - but if there is intrusion on physical solitude it is not protected.






47. Criminal matters anything less than a year in jail






48. (privacy) There are areas around you that are a 'zone of privacy'






49. If the information is lawfully obtained - the defendant can't be held in contempt of court.






50. If you knowingly run ads that advocate criminal activity - you can be held liable. Got off on the first case - but on the second case they should have known better.







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