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Journalism Law

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (Privacy)a. Very close to libel - If you're a public official/figure you have the actual malice rule - Portraying someone in a lie - Truth is a defense - Consent is a defense - Public newsworthy event is okay






2. No liability for publishing information that was lawfully obtained.






3. Minor errors do not count as actual malice.






4. If you obtain material from a third party illegally - media are still protected and can publish.






5. Truth is only a defense in privacy cases when it's in a case of _______






6. Statements of opinion that could be perceived as defamation need to be based on reliable evidence.






7. There is a first amendment right of access to the public to cover and attend trials.






8. The burden of proof imposed on public officials extends to anyone involved in a matter of public concern - regardless of whether they were famous or unknown.






9. Protects all 'persons' from deprivation of life - liberty or property without due process of law.






10. Prevents ISPs from liability except on copyright.






11. Set the standard in MI that negligence is needed to prove libel - as the legislature had not acted.






12. Enforced freelancer/copyright actions - and publishers who were doing more than compile the stories had to pay the reporters. Electronic publications (putting it online) makes it a new publication.






13. The power of authority of a particular court to hear and adjudicate matters in dispute






14. School officials can prohibit students from displaying messages that promote illegal drug use.






15. Under FOIA - personell records may be released - subject to 'appropriate redactions.'






16. Incidental use of someone's image cold be an invasion of privacy or defamation.






17. Broadcasters are immune from liability if political candidates defame someone while under section 315






18. Damages presumed - Falsely accusing someone of a crime - Statements concerning race or political belief - Damaging someone in their business - Ex. calling brain surgeon 'butterfingers'






19. Publication - identification - defamation - harm and damages






20. Opinion - privilege - fair comment - truth - constitutional defenses






21. There is liability even if the news organization reports both sides - if the sources are not credible.






22. Money damages awarded to the injured party as compensation for a specific loss






23. (Privacy) Ex. Kim Kardashian's sex tape






24. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating it is lewd - indecent or offensive - or have legitimate pedagogical concerns.






25. In an invasion of privacy tort - the right an individual has to profit from their likeness - or to prevent others from gaining value for their own commercial benefit






26. If a quote is altered - in order for a publication to be sued the plaintiff must prove the meaning portrayed in altered quote is dramatically different than the actual quote






27. In an invasion of privacy tort - an action that characterizes a person falsely. Often the person is misrepresented by quoting out of context - the careless use of photos or cutlines - or by using a picture from one story as a picture for another.






28. If the information is lawfully obtained - the defendant can't be held in contempt of court.






29. Newspaper must have known material falsity - material falsity became standard of proof in Michigan.






30. A form of qualified privilege which gives the media the right to publish articles as long as opinions are based on relevent facts. These aretiles include opinion - columns - editorials - book reviews - movie reviews - etc.






31. Even though university foundations are privately incorporated - they might be subject to comply with FOIA and OMA if the majority of funding comes from the university.






32. The declaration of a final judgment based on the evidence presented






33. Private members of society are not required by the First Amendment to meet the 'actual malice' standard in order to recover damage.

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34. A judgment made by the court before or during a trial. This judgment is in repsonse to a motion by the plaintiff or defendant - who claims there is not enough evidence or there is no dispute that the information given is fact.






35. A published article must be so inaccurate that it will have more of an effect on the reader than the literal truth would.






36. If you knowingly run ads that advocate criminal activity - you can be held liable. Got off on the first case - but on the second case they should have known better.






37. Lowest court handles: Tickets - civil matter - Misdemeanor - Felonies






38. Only in Massachusetts - you can close a preliminary hearing if the case is a sexual assault case.






39. Police have to disclose incident report records. Do have to keep submitting FOIAs.






40. What is shot in public place is fine - but if there is intrusion on physical solitude it is not protected.






41. NYT actual malice standard does not extend to private figures. However - it's up to the states to determine what a private figure is - and there's a new standard that says you have to prove harm and damages.






42. For purposes of divorce - there may be some elements of a public person's private life that make them a private figure.






43. Guarantees freedoms of speech - religion - press and assembly.






44. There is a First amendment right of access to trials

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45. Harm done which the law cannot remedy.






46. Reading of the charges against a person






47. The media must make sure that permission is acquired in commercial situations.






48. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating an educational purpose.






49. An invasion of privacy tort which occurs when information about a person's private life is published - and there is not relevant newsworthy tie.






50. No absolute right of access to members of the media. Can be restricted within reason.