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Test your basic knowledge |
Journalism Law
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
journalism-and-media
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In the case where a party challenges the underlying facts that support a trial court's decision - the appellate court must defer to the trial court's view of the facts.
Booth & Ann Arbor News v. EMU Board of Regents
Tasini v. NYT
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
2. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating it is lewd - indecent or offensive - or have legitimate pedagogical concerns.
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
Defamation
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
3. If an ongoing - criminal investigation is actively underway - discretion may be used under the exemption claim in FOIA to withhold some documents.
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
Precedent
4. If a quote is altered - in order for a publication to be sued the plaintiff must prove the meaning portrayed in altered quote is dramatically different than the actual quote
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Felonies
Circuit Court
Intrusion on physical solitude
5. Money damages awarded to the injured party as compensation for a specific loss
U.S. v. Dickinson
Herbert v. Lando
Actual Damages
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
6. Private members of society are not required by the First Amendment to meet the 'actual malice' standard in order to recover damage.
7. Permission given by SCOTUS to allow a case to be appealed
Doctrine of neutral reportage
Certiorari
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
8. No liability for publishing information that was lawfully obtained.
Pearson v. Dodd
Gannett v. DePasquale
Florida Star v. B.J.F
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
9. Qualified privilege allows newspapers to report on both sides of a story as long as the sources are qualified. Created doctrine of neutral reportage
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
10. Statements of opinion that could be perceived as defamation need to be based on reliable evidence.
Injunction
In re Times Publishing Co.
Arraignment
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
11. Damages presumed - Falsely accusing someone of a crime - Statements concerning race or political belief - Damaging someone in their business - Ex. calling brain surgeon 'butterfingers'
Libel
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
Intrusion on physical solitude
Libel Per Se
12. Under FOIA - personell records may be released - subject to 'appropriate redactions.'
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
Qualified privilege
Midland Publishing Co v. District Judge
Injunction
13. Words that may be innocent on face - but facts make story damaging
Libel Perquod
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
Preliminary hearing
14. The press has no greater constitutional right to access penal facilities than any member of the general public
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
15. There is liability even if the news organization reports both sides - if the sources are not credible.
Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
16. The government cannot censor. In order to exercise prior restraint - the Government must show sufficient evidence that the publication would cause a 'grave and irreparable' danger.
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
6th - cincinnati OH
New York Times v. United States
17. Reconfirmed that you cannot censor news media and its coverage unless theirs a clear and present danger.
Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
MCLA 750.520k
Intrusion on physical solitude
18. The Sixth Amendment rights of a defendant outweigh the First Amendment of the press in cases where the press can have prejudicial outcome of the defendant's trial.
Midland Publishing Co v. District Judge
Gannett v. DePasquale
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
Injunction
19. The power of authority of a particular court to hear and adjudicate matters in dispute
Sixth amendmen
Shepherd v. Maxwell
Jurisdiction
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
20. There is a First amendment right of access to trials
21. Compensatory damages are a proper remedy to avoid the injustice under a promissory estoppel claim.
Wilson v. Layne
Curtis Publishing v. Butts and AP v. Walker
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
22. Undercover efforts by news organizations could be prosecuted not for defamation - but possibly for things like breach of duty or loyalty.
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
Food Lion - Inc - v. Capital Cities/ABC
Defenses of libel
People of the State of Michigan v. Pastor
23. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating an educational purpose.
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Public figure
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
24. Upon the request of the counsel or the victim - you can order that the names of the victim and actor and details of the alleged offense be suppressed until such time as the actor is arraigned - the charge is dismissed - or the case is otherwise concl
Branzburg v. Hayes
MCLA 750.520k
Florida Star v. B.J.F
5 Areas of privacy
25. Prevents ISPs from liability except on copyright.
Defenses of libel
Dendrite v. John Does
Curtis Publishing v. Butts and AP v. Walker
First amendment
26. The First Amendment protects college students' freedom of expression - and the Hazelwood case should not be applied to college media.
Pearson v. Dodd
Kincaid v. Gibson
Rouch 1
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
27. Any communication - true or false - which exposes a person to hatred - ridicule or contempt. the person's reputation is harmed or damaged
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
Pearson v. Dodd
Defamation
28. Innocent and negligent misstatement in a newspaper are protected under constitutional freedoms of speech and press.
Freedom of information act
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Time Inc. v. Hill
People of the State of Michigan v. Pastor
29. A reporter has a qualified privilege to report on controversial matters of public interest using reputable sources.
Doctrine of neutral reportage
Pearson v. Dodd
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
Michigan Federation of Teachers v. University of Michigan
30. 3rd party has no obligation to notify media when there's been a government subpoena of phone records. Also includes any form of electronic communication.
Midland Publishing Co v. District Judge
Certiorari
Libel Per Se
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
31. If a statement 'results in a material change in the meaning conveyed by the statement -' the person who says it can be sued for libel.
Wilson v. Layne
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
32. Publication - identification - defamation - harm and damages
Dendrite v. John Does
MCLA 750.520k
5 Elements of libel
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
33. School officials can prohibit students from displaying messages that promote illegal drug use.
Morse v. Frederick
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Wilson v. Layne
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
34. hearing where the judge decides whether or not there is sufficient evidence to prove a crime. In michigan - takes place in district court
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
Preliminary hearing
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
Shulman v. Group W. Productions
35. There is a first amendment right of access to the public to cover and attend trials.
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
False light
New York Times v. United States
36. A judgment made by the court before or during a trial. This judgment is in repsonse to a motion by the plaintiff or defendant - who claims there is not enough evidence or there is no dispute that the information given is fact.
Kincaid v. Gibson
Detroit Free Press v. Recorder's Court Judge
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
Summary judgment
37. For purposes of divorce - there may be some elements of a public person's private life that make them a private figure.
Doctrine of neutral reportage
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Clark v. ABC
5 Areas of privacy
38. Failure to obey an order made by the court
Civil contempt
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
Public figure
In re Times Publishing Co.
39. Guarantees freedoms of speech - religion - press and assembly.
Intrusion on physical solitude
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
First amendment
Qualified privilege
40. Minor errors do not count as actual malice.
Galella v. Onassis
Time Inc. v. Pape
Defenses of libel
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
41. Reckless disregard for the truth; knowing falsity
Actual malice
State News v. Michigan State University
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
Private figure
42. Police have to disclose incident report records. Do have to keep submitting FOIAs.
Fourteenth amendment
State News v. Michigan State University
Rouch 2
U.S. v. Dickinson
43. A constructive trust is a proper manner of relinquishing the profits of one who abuses a confidential position.
People of the State of Michigan v. Pastor
Circuit Court
Snepp v. United States
Amicus curiae
44. Michigan statute M.C.L.A. 750.520k violated the First - Fifth - and Fourteenth Amendments
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
WXYZ v. Hand
Misdemeanor
Booth & Ann Arbor News v. EMU Board of Regents
45. NYT actual malice standard does not extend to private figures. However - it's up to the states to determine what a private figure is - and there's a new standard that says you have to prove harm and damages.
Rouch 2
Actual Damages
Gertz v. Welch
Booth & Ann Arbor News v. EMU Board of Regents
46. The burden of proof imposed on public officials extends to anyone involved in a matter of public concern - regardless of whether they were famous or unknown.
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
District Court
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Freedom of information act
47. in an invasion of privacy tort - an action which occurs when an individual's expectation of privacy or right to be left alone is breached. EX. A reporter lies about his identity to gain access to information they couldn't under normal conditions.
5 Areas of privacy
Summary judgment
Intrusion on physical solitude
Doctrine of neutral reportage
48. Criminal matters anything less than a year in jail
MCLA 750.520k
Press-Enterprise v. Superior Court in Riverside
5 Elements of libel
Misdemeanor
49. First Amendment protects media to report information from official records available in open court.
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
Rouch 1
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
50. The right of an individual to a speedy trial by an impartial jury - to be informed of the changes against them - to confront witnesses - the right to have compulsory proceedings to obtain witnesses in their favor - and the right to have assistance of
Rouch 2
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
In re Times Publishing Co.
Sixth amendmen