Test your basic knowledge |

Journalism Law

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. There is a first amendment right of access to the public to cover and attend trials.






2. First Amendment protects media to report information from official records available in open court.






3. A court order preventing a person or group from doing or continuing to do a specific act.






4. As long as speech was about a public official (figure) could not reasonably be construed to state actual facts about its subject - it is protected by the first amendment.






5. If the information is lawfully obtained - the defendant can't be held in contempt of court.






6. (privacy) There are areas around you that are a 'zone of privacy'






7. If a quote is altered - in order for a publication to be sued the plaintiff must prove the meaning portrayed in altered quote is dramatically different than the actual quote






8. In Michigan - booking photos are available to the public.






9. Judge has an absolute duty to ensure fair trial rights. Judge must be able to control what's going on in the courtroom.






10. Statements of opinion that could be perceived as defamation need to be based on reliable evidence.






11. Undercover efforts by news organizations could be prosecuted not for defamation - but possibly for things like breach of duty or loyalty.






12. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating it is lewd - indecent or offensive - or have legitimate pedagogical concerns.






13. Words that may be innocent on face - but facts make story damaging






14. In an invasion of privacy tort - the right an individual has to profit from their likeness - or to prevent others from gaining value for their own commercial benefit






15. An order issued by the court to prevent attorneys and witnesses from discussing the case outside the courtroom - or reporters from publishing information obtained during a court proceeding.






16. A person vs. a person (corporation can be a person too






17. Truth is only a defense in privacy cases when it's in a case of _______






18. For purposes of divorce - there may be some elements of a public person's private life that make them a private figure.






19. Qualified privilege allows newspapers to report on both sides of a story as long as the sources are qualified. Created doctrine of neutral reportage






20. A judgment made by the court before or during a trial. This judgment is in repsonse to a motion by the plaintiff or defendant - who claims there is not enough evidence or there is no dispute that the information given is fact.






21. There is a First amendment right of access to trials

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22. 3rd party has no obligation to notify media when there's been a government subpoena of phone records. Also includes any form of electronic communication.






23. (Privacy)a. Very close to libel - If you're a public official/figure you have the actual malice rule - Portraying someone in a lie - Truth is a defense - Consent is a defense - Public newsworthy event is okay






24. Compensatory damages are a proper remedy to avoid the injustice under a promissory estoppel claim.






25. Federal if between two states (although try to get it back to states) - telecommunications - crossing state lines - anything violating state law






26. A form of qualified privilege which gives the media the right to publish articles as long as opinions are based on relevent facts. These aretiles include opinion - columns - editorials - book reviews - movie reviews - etc.






27. Limited decision. Closure of preliminary hearing is unconstitutional in California because they act as mini trials to ensure defendants right to a fair trial. Unique to that state however.






28. For presidential searches - MI supreme court ruled universities are 4th arm of government - and must conduct search in public.






29. Under FOIA - personell records may be released - subject to 'appropriate redactions.'






30. Upon the request of the counsel or the victim - you can order that the names of the victim and actor and details of the alleged offense be suppressed until such time as the actor is arraigned - the charge is dismissed - or the case is otherwise concl






31. If you get the information from outside sources - you can publish it. MCL 750.520k does not constitute an unlawful prior restraint on publication. Rather - the statute directs that the court file be withheld from the public






32. Opinion - privilege - fair comment - truth - constitutional defenses






33. A court created device to weed out inadmissible evidence in advance of trial






34. Requires certain information held by various federal and state agencies to be made available to the public unless the information falls under one of the exemptions.






35. Damages presumed - Falsely accusing someone of a crime - Statements concerning race or political belief - Damaging someone in their business - Ex. calling brain surgeon 'butterfingers'






36. The First Amendment protects college students' freedom of expression - and the Hazelwood case should not be applied to college media.






37. Any communication - true or false - which exposes a person to hatred - ridicule or contempt. the person's reputation is harmed or damaged






38. The power of authority of a particular court to hear and adjudicate matters in dispute






39. Friend of the court.






40. Journalists and citizens must first obey court orders first before seeking appeal - even if they believe the order is unconstitutional






41. Anything punishable by more than a year in jail






42. Innocent and negligent misstatement in a newspaper are protected under constitutional freedoms of speech and press.






43. MI Supreme Court ruled directory information of teachers cannot be disclosed. (home address and phone number)






44. If an ongoing - criminal investigation is actively underway - discretion may be used under the exemption claim in FOIA to withhold some documents.






45. Reconfirmed that you cannot censor news media and its coverage unless theirs a clear and present danger.






46. For purposes of defamation - a person who has thrust themself into the spotlight and has the power to gain media publicity. these individuals must prove actual malice to prevail in a libel suit






47. Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency - 2. Intrusion on physical solitude - 3. False light - 4. Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit - 5. Right to publicity






48. Only in Massachusetts - you can close a preliminary hearing if the case is a sexual assault case.






49. NYT actual malice rule is extended form just public officials to include public figures






50. For the purpose of defamation - a person who does not have regular - continuing access to the media - or on matters of public controversy. These individuals have a lesser burden of proof under most state libel laws.