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Test your basic knowledge |
Journalism Law
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
journalism-and-media
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A court created device to weed out inadmissible evidence in advance of trial
Any civil matter
Freedom of information act
Herbert v. Lando
Pretiral hearing
2. Money damages awarded to the injured party as compensation for a specific loss
Actual Damages
Fourth amendment
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
Fair comment
3. If you knowingly run ads that advocate criminal activity - you can be held liable. Got off on the first case - but on the second case they should have known better.
Any civil matter
U.S. v. Dickinson
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
Fourteenth amendment
4. (privacy) a. Because of who you are - you have a right to profit from your image b. Endorsements
Right to publicity
In re Times Publishing Co.
Detroit Free Press v. Recorder's Court Judge
Farmers Education Cooperative v. WDAY
5. (privacy) Ex. Beyonce has a thing of Ocean Spray orange juice. Ocean Spray uses the photo as a marketing campaign. Beyonce could go after them.
6. Guarantees people the right to be secure in their homes and property against unreasonable searches and seizures. Also protects against the issuance of a warrant without probable cause.
Fourth amendment
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
Farmers Education Cooperative v. WDAY
Precedent
7. (Privacy)a. Very close to libel - If you're a public official/figure you have the actual malice rule - Portraying someone in a lie - Truth is a defense - Consent is a defense - Public newsworthy event is okay
Private figure
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
In re Closure of Voir Dire (People v. Lawrence)
False light
8. First Amendment protects even false statements about the conduct of public officials except when statements are made with knowledge that they are false or in reckless disregard of their truth or falsity. (actual malice)
Certiorari
Amicus curiae
New York Times v. Sullivan
Fourth amendment
9. No liability for publishing information that was lawfully obtained.
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
Evening News Association v. Troy
Florida Star v. B.J.F
McCracken v. Evening News Association
10. Friend of the court.
Fourteenth amendment
Actual Damages
Amicus curiae
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
11. Under the language of the statute - these media representatives are not subject to an investigative subpoena.
People of the State of Michigan v. Pastor
Injunction
New York Times v. Sullivan
Libel Per Se
12. Michigan is in ____ district court in ____ -____
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
Qualified privilege
6th - cincinnati OH
13. Anything punishable by more than a year in jail
Gag order
Felonies
MCLA 750.520k
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
14. The burden of proof imposed on public officials extends to anyone involved in a matter of public concern - regardless of whether they were famous or unknown.
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
Right to publicity
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
New York Times v. Sullivan
15. As long as speech was about a public official (figure) could not reasonably be construed to state actual facts about its subject - it is protected by the first amendment.
U.S. v. Dickinson
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Time Inc. v. Hill
Gag order
16. If you obtain material from a third party illegally - media are still protected and can publish.
Pearson v. Dodd
Gag order
5 Areas of privacy
Amicus curiae
17. Have to have an open meeting when interviewing candidates for a public position.
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
Alander
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
Shepherd v. Maxwell
18. First Amendment protects media to report information from official records available in open court.
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Booth Newspaper v. U of M Board of Regents
Jurisdiction
In re Times Publishing Co.
19. A judgment made by the court before or during a trial. This judgment is in repsonse to a motion by the plaintiff or defendant - who claims there is not enough evidence or there is no dispute that the information given is fact.
New York Times v. United States
Summary judgment
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
Right to publicity
20. hearing where the judge decides whether or not there is sufficient evidence to prove a crime. In michigan - takes place in district court
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
Preliminary hearing
Circuit Court
Curtis Publishing v. Butts and AP v. Walker
21. If a quote is altered - in order for a publication to be sued the plaintiff must prove the meaning portrayed in altered quote is dramatically different than the actual quote
Food Lion - Inc - v. Capital Cities/ABC
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
22. Judge has an absolute duty to ensure fair trial rights. Judge must be able to control what's going on in the courtroom.
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
Freedom of Information Act
Dendrite v. John Does
Shepherd v. Maxwell
23. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating an educational purpose.
Right to publicity
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Right to publicity
24. Limited decision. Closure of preliminary hearing is unconstitutional in California because they act as mini trials to ensure defendants right to a fair trial. Unique to that state however.
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
Press-Enterprise v. Superior Court in Riverside
Actual Damages
Actual malice
25. Reconfirmed that you cannot censor news media and its coverage unless theirs a clear and present danger.
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
False light
26. A reporter has a qualified privilege to report on controversial matters of public interest using reputable sources.
Doctrine of neutral reportage
Gannett v. DePasquale
Tasini v. NYT
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
27. There is liability even if the news organization reports both sides - if the sources are not credible.
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
28. Damages presumed - Falsely accusing someone of a crime - Statements concerning race or political belief - Damaging someone in their business - Ex. calling brain surgeon 'butterfingers'
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
Florida Star v. B.J.F
Libel Per Se
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
29. The media must make sure that permission is acquired in commercial situations.
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
Freedom of Information Act
30. Michigan court trials have to remain open. Parts can be closed - but never all of the trial. M.C.L.A 750.520k only applies to pre-trial hearings.
Wilson v. Layne
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
31. Written defamation which causes injury to another's reputation
Libel Perquod
Tasini v. NYT
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
Libel
32. Federal if between two states (although try to get it back to states) - telecommunications - crossing state lines - anything violating state law
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
District Court
Midland Publishing Co v. District Judge
Freedom of Information Act
33. The speech and debate clause only covers members of congress within the halls of congress - not outside of it. I.E. press releases - speeches - etc.
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
U.S. v. Dickinson
Fourteenth amendment
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
34. Published work of copyrighted material is a violation and isn't protected under Section 107 as 'fair use.'
Booth Newspaper v. U of M Board of Regents
Misdemeanor
Galella v. Onassis
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
35. If a publication accurately prints something from a false public record document - they cannot be sued for libel.
Gag order
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
36. Criminal matters anything less than a year in jail
Misdemeanor
Time Inc. v. Pape
Summary judgment
Jurisdiction
37. No absolute right of access to members of the media. Can be restricted within reason.
Pretiral hearing
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
Galella v. Onassis
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
38. Qualified privilege allows newspapers to report on both sides of a story as long as the sources are qualified. Created doctrine of neutral reportage
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
Herbert v. Lando
Tickets
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
39. Reporters have no greater rights than any other citizen - there is no reporter shield from grand jury testifying. If you're attempting to harass - then reporters are protected and do not have to testify.
Preliminary hearing
Branzburg v. Hayes
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
In re Closure of Voir Dire (People v. Lawrence)
40. Protects all 'persons' from deprivation of life - liberty or property without due process of law.
Galella v. Onassis
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
Branzburg v. Hayes
Fourteenth amendment
41. If an ongoing - criminal investigation is actively underway - discretion may be used under the exemption claim in FOIA to withhold some documents.
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
Gertz v. Welch
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
42. Under FOIA - personell records may be released - subject to 'appropriate redactions.'
U.S. v. Dickinson
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
43. In an invasion of privacy tort - an action that characterizes a person falsely. Often the person is misrepresented by quoting out of context - the careless use of photos or cutlines - or by using a picture from one story as a picture for another.
Defenses of libel
False light
McCracken v. Evening News Association
Midland Publishing Co v. District Judge
44. Spoken defamation which causes injury to a person's reputation
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Alander
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
45. Truth is only a defense in privacy cases when it's in a case of _______
Precedent
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit
False light
46. Compensatory damages are a proper remedy to avoid the injustice under a promissory estoppel claim.
Right to publicity
False light
Defamation
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
47. For purposes of divorce - there may be some elements of a public person's private life that make them a private figure.
Private figure
Certiorari
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Time Inc. v. Firestone
48. No guarantee of immunity for media ride alongs.
Florida Star v. B.J.F
Public figure
Wilson v. Layne
Tickets
49. Newspaper must have known material falsity - material falsity became standard of proof in Michigan.
Clark v. ABC
Rouch 2
Actual Damages
Booth Newspaper v. U of M Board of Regents
50. A form of qualified privilege which gives the media the right to publish articles as long as opinions are based on relevent facts. These aretiles include opinion - columns - editorials - book reviews - movie reviews - etc.
Preliminary hearing
First amendment
Fair comment
Rouch 2
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