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Journalism Law

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Institutes procedures to ensure every citizen has the right to access government documents - as well as the right to inspect and receive copies of records from state and local government bodies.






2. Set the standard in MI that negligence is needed to prove libel - as the legislature had not acted.






3. The media must make sure that permission is acquired in commercial situations.






4. A reporter has a qualified privilege to report on controversial matters of public interest using reputable sources.






5. Reconfirmed that you cannot censor news media and its coverage unless theirs a clear and present danger.






6. As long as speech was about a public official (figure) could not reasonably be construed to state actual facts about its subject - it is protected by the first amendment.






7. Plaintiffs are not entitled to an order unmasking an anonymous author when the statements in question cannot support a cause of action for defamation.






8. Damages presumed - Falsely accusing someone of a crime - Statements concerning race or political belief - Damaging someone in their business - Ex. calling brain surgeon 'butterfingers'






9. A court order preventing a person or group from doing or continuing to do a specific act.






10. For presidential searches - MI supreme court ruled universities are 4th arm of government - and must conduct search in public.






11. Enforced freelancer/copyright actions - and publishers who were doing more than compile the stories had to pay the reporters. Electronic publications (putting it online) makes it a new publication.






12. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating an educational purpose.






13. Broadcasters are immune from liability if political candidates defame someone while under section 315






14. Michigan is in ____ district court in ____ -____






15. Qualified privilege allows newspapers to report on both sides of a story as long as the sources are qualified. Created doctrine of neutral reportage






16. Newspapers do not have an equal time requirement like broadcast has.






17. (privacy) a. Because of who you are - you have a right to profit from your image b. Endorsements






18. Newspaper must have known material falsity - material falsity became standard of proof in Michigan.






19. Upon the request of the counsel or the victim - you can order that the names of the victim and actor and details of the alleged offense be suppressed until such time as the actor is arraigned - the charge is dismissed - or the case is otherwise concl






20. Any communication - true or false - which exposes a person to hatred - ridicule or contempt. the person's reputation is harmed or damaged






21. (Privacy) Ex. Kim Kardashian's sex tape






22. MI Supreme Court ruled directory information of teachers cannot be disclosed. (home address and phone number)






23. A published article must be so inaccurate that it will have more of an effect on the reader than the literal truth would.






24. The declaration of a final judgment based on the evidence presented






25. In the case where a party challenges the underlying facts that support a trial court's decision - the appellate court must defer to the trial court's view of the facts.






26. For the purpose of defamation - a person who does not have regular - continuing access to the media - or on matters of public controversy. These individuals have a lesser burden of proof under most state libel laws.






27. The speech and debate clause only covers members of congress within the halls of congress - not outside of it. I.E. press releases - speeches - etc.






28. First Amendment protects even false statements about the conduct of public officials except when statements are made with knowledge that they are false or in reckless disregard of their truth or falsity. (actual malice)






29. If a publication accurately prints something from a false public record document - they cannot be sued for libel.






30. If a quote is altered - in order for a publication to be sued the plaintiff must prove the meaning portrayed in altered quote is dramatically different than the actual quote






31. Journalists and citizens must first obey court orders first before seeking appeal - even if they believe the order is unconstitutional






32. In Michigan - there's an absolute right of public to be present during jury selection.






33. NYT actual malice rule is extended form just public officials to include public figures






34. School officials can prohibit students from displaying messages that promote illegal drug use.






35. When you have a private figure plaintiff - even though state standards controls - if it's a matter of public concern - the burden of proof shifts from the defendant who no longer has to prove truth - to the plaintiff who has to prove falsity of what






36. In an invasion of privacy tort - an action that characterizes a person falsely. Often the person is misrepresented by quoting out of context - the careless use of photos or cutlines - or by using a picture from one story as a picture for another.






37. Statements of opinion that could be perceived as defamation need to be based on reliable evidence.






38. If you get the information from outside sources - you can publish it. MCL 750.520k does not constitute an unlawful prior restraint on publication. Rather - the statute directs that the court file be withheld from the public






39. There is a First amendment right of access to trials

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40. Requires certain information held by various federal and state agencies to be made available to the public unless the information falls under one of the exemptions.






41. Michigan court trials have to remain open. Parts can be closed - but never all of the trial. M.C.L.A 750.520k only applies to pre-trial hearings.






42. Recognized first amendment right of privacy for private figures against media.






43. 3rd party has no obligation to notify media when there's been a government subpoena of phone records. Also includes any form of electronic communication.






44. No liability for publishing information that was lawfully obtained.






45. This protects the media from liability of defamatory statements made during official proceedings. The published story must be a fair and accurate account of what happened.






46. Truth is only a defense in privacy cases when it's in a case of _______






47. First Amendment protects media to report information from official records available in open court.






48. A person vs. a person (corporation can be a person too






49. Only in Massachusetts - you can close a preliminary hearing if the case is a sexual assault case.






50. Reporters have no greater rights than any other citizen - there is no reporter shield from grand jury testifying. If you're attempting to harass - then reporters are protected and do not have to testify.