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Journalism Law

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reconfirmed that you cannot censor news media and its coverage unless theirs a clear and present danger.






2. Michigan is in ____ district court in ____ -____






3. Opinion - privilege - fair comment - truth - constitutional defenses






4. Words that may be innocent on face - but facts make story damaging






5. Incidental use of someone's image cold be an invasion of privacy or defamation.






6. Institutes procedures to ensure every citizen has the right to access government documents - as well as the right to inspect and receive copies of records from state and local government bodies.






7. As long as speech was about a public official (figure) could not reasonably be construed to state actual facts about its subject - it is protected by the first amendment.






8. Under the language of the statute - these media representatives are not subject to an investigative subpoena.






9. Upon the request of the counsel or the victim - you can order that the names of the victim and actor and details of the alleged offense be suppressed until such time as the actor is arraigned - the charge is dismissed - or the case is otherwise concl






10. A court created device to weed out inadmissible evidence in advance of trial






11. What is shot in public place is fine - but if there is intrusion on physical solitude it is not protected.






12. School officials can prohibit students from displaying messages that promote illegal drug use.






13. In Michigan - booking photos are available to the public.






14. Newspaper must have known material falsity - material falsity became standard of proof in Michigan.






15. Anything punishable by more than a year in jail






16. (Privacy)a. Very close to libel - If you're a public official/figure you have the actual malice rule - Portraying someone in a lie - Truth is a defense - Consent is a defense - Public newsworthy event is okay






17. The burden of proof imposed on public officials extends to anyone involved in a matter of public concern - regardless of whether they were famous or unknown.






18. Spoken defamation which causes injury to a person's reputation






19. Enforced freelancer/copyright actions - and publishers who were doing more than compile the stories had to pay the reporters. Electronic publications (putting it online) makes it a new publication.






20. No absolute right of access to members of the media. Can be restricted within reason.






21. Undercover efforts by news organizations could be prosecuted not for defamation - but possibly for things like breach of duty or loyalty.






22. Recognized first amendment right of privacy for private figures against media.






23. Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency - 2. Intrusion on physical solitude - 3. False light - 4. Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit - 5. Right to publicity






24. Guarantees freedoms of speech - religion - press and assembly.






25. The media must make sure that permission is acquired in commercial situations.






26. (privacy) a. Because of who you are - you have a right to profit from your image b. Endorsements






27. Under FOIA - personell records may be released - subject to 'appropriate redactions.'






28. in an invasion of privacy tort - an action which occurs when an individual's expectation of privacy or right to be left alone is breached. EX. A reporter lies about his identity to gain access to information they couldn't under normal conditions.






29. There is a first amendment right of access to the public to cover and attend trials.






30. Civil cases when the amount in dispute is less than $25 -000






31. Lowest court handles: Tickets - civil matter - Misdemeanor - Felonies






32. Requires certain information held by various federal and state agencies to be made available to the public unless the information falls under one of the exemptions.






33. This protects the media from liability of defamatory statements made during official proceedings. The published story must be a fair and accurate account of what happened.






34. (privacy) There are areas around you that are a 'zone of privacy'






35. NYT actual malice standard does not extend to private figures. However - it's up to the states to determine what a private figure is - and there's a new standard that says you have to prove harm and damages.






36. Minor errors do not count as actual malice.






37. If you obtain material from a third party illegally - media are still protected and can publish.






38. In Michigan - there's an absolute right of public to be present during jury selection.






39. First Amendment protects media to report information from official records available in open court.






40. No liability for publishing information that was lawfully obtained.






41. A judgment made by the court before or during a trial. This judgment is in repsonse to a motion by the plaintiff or defendant - who claims there is not enough evidence or there is no dispute that the information given is fact.






42. Published work of copyrighted material is a violation and isn't protected under Section 107 as 'fair use.'






43. Qualified privilege allows newspapers to report on both sides of a story as long as the sources are qualified. Created doctrine of neutral reportage






44. First Amendment protects even false statements about the conduct of public officials except when statements are made with knowledge that they are false or in reckless disregard of their truth or falsity. (actual malice)






45. Any communication - true or false - which exposes a person to hatred - ridicule or contempt. the person's reputation is harmed or damaged






46. An invasion of privacy tort which occurs when information about a person's private life is published - and there is not relevant newsworthy tie.






47. There is a First amendment right of access to trials

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48. Series of pre trail hearings: court created devices to weed out inadmissible evidence prior to trial. Often determine bargaining of prosecution and defendant to come up with plea bargain. Most cases are ended with plea bargain and don't go to trial.






49. Limited decision. Closure of preliminary hearing is unconstitutional in California because they act as mini trials to ensure defendants right to a fair trial. Unique to that state however.






50. A constructive trust is a proper manner of relinquishing the profits of one who abuses a confidential position.