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Test your basic knowledge |
Journalism Law
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
journalism-and-media
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Newspaper must have known material falsity - material falsity became standard of proof in Michigan.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Rouch 2
Preliminary hearing
Injunction
2. When you have a private figure plaintiff - even though state standards controls - if it's a matter of public concern - the burden of proof shifts from the defendant who no longer has to prove truth - to the plaintiff who has to prove falsity of what
Arraignment
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
Precedent
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
3. There is a first amendment right of access to the public to cover and attend trials.
People of the State of Michigan v. Pastor
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
Sixth amendmen
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
4. Michigan statute M.C.L.A. 750.520k violated the First - Fifth - and Fourteenth Amendments
WXYZ v. Hand
Certiorari
McCracken v. Evening News Association
Freedom of information act
5. School officials can prohibit students from displaying messages that promote illegal drug use.
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Qualified privilege
Morse v. Frederick
Michigan Federation of Teachers v. University of Michigan
6. For the purpose of defamation - a person who does not have regular - continuing access to the media - or on matters of public controversy. These individuals have a lesser burden of proof under most state libel laws.
Booth Newspaper v. U of M Board of Regents
Private figure
Injunction
Rouch 1
7. For purposes of divorce - there may be some elements of a public person's private life that make them a private figure.
Farmers Education Cooperative v. WDAY
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Dendrite v. John Does
Misdemeanor
8. Recognized first amendment right of privacy for private figures against media.
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
Florida Star v. B.J.F
Midland Publishing Co v. District Judge
State News v. Michigan State University
9. Statements of opinion that could be perceived as defamation need to be based on reliable evidence.
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
Pearson v. Dodd
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
10. in an invasion of privacy tort - an action which occurs when an individual's expectation of privacy or right to be left alone is breached. EX. A reporter lies about his identity to gain access to information they couldn't under normal conditions.
McCracken v. Evening News Association
Intrusion on physical solitude
In re Closure of Voir Dire (People v. Lawrence)
Qualified privilege
11. Permission given by SCOTUS to allow a case to be appealed
In re Times Publishing Co.
Certiorari
Injunction
Press-Enterprise v. Superior Court in Riverside
12. If you get the information from outside sources - you can publish it. MCL 750.520k does not constitute an unlawful prior restraint on publication. Rather - the statute directs that the court file be withheld from the public
Misdemeanor
Midland Publishing Co v. District Judge
Pretiral hearing
Branzburg v. Hayes
13. Reconfirmed that you cannot censor news media and its coverage unless theirs a clear and present danger.
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
Arraignment
14. Minor errors do not count as actual malice.
False light
Time Inc. v. Pape
Florida Star v. B.J.F
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
15. For purposes of defamation - a person who has thrust themself into the spotlight and has the power to gain media publicity. these individuals must prove actual malice to prevail in a libel suit
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
WXYZ v. Hand
Public figure
Preliminary hearing
16. (privacy) a. Because of who you are - you have a right to profit from your image b. Endorsements
Right to publicity
Pretiral hearing
5 Elements of libel
Gannett v. DePasquale
17. There is a First amendment right of access to trials
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18. The government cannot censor. In order to exercise prior restraint - the Government must show sufficient evidence that the publication would cause a 'grave and irreparable' danger.
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
New York Times v. United States
Amicus curiae
Arraignment
19. Private members of society are not required by the First Amendment to meet the 'actual malice' standard in order to recover damage.
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20. The press has no greater constitutional right to access penal facilities than any member of the general public
Press-Enterprise v. Superior Court in Riverside
Pearson v. Dodd
Jurisdiction
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
21. Innocent and negligent misstatement in a newspaper are protected under constitutional freedoms of speech and press.
Herbert v. Lando
Intrusion on physical solitude
Michigan Federation of Teachers v. University of Michigan
Time Inc. v. Hill
22. The declaration of a final judgment based on the evidence presented
Kincaid v. Gibson
Gertz v. Welch
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
Adjudication
23. hearing where the judge decides whether or not there is sufficient evidence to prove a crime. In michigan - takes place in district court
Injunction
MCLA 750.520k
Preliminary hearing
WXYZ v. Hand
24. Published work of copyrighted material is a violation and isn't protected under Section 107 as 'fair use.'
Pretiral hearing
Precedent
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
25. Undercover efforts by news organizations could be prosecuted not for defamation - but possibly for things like breach of duty or loyalty.
Precedent
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
Food Lion - Inc - v. Capital Cities/ABC
Fourteenth amendment
26. Michigan court trials have to remain open. Parts can be closed - but never all of the trial. M.C.L.A 750.520k only applies to pre-trial hearings.
Midland Publishing Co v. District Judge
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
5 Elements of libel
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
27. Protects all 'persons' from deprivation of life - liberty or property without due process of law.
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
Fourth amendment
Fourteenth amendment
28. The burden of proof imposed on public officials extends to anyone involved in a matter of public concern - regardless of whether they were famous or unknown.
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Midland Publishing Co v. District Judge
Circuit Court
29. (privacy) Ex. Beyonce has a thing of Ocean Spray orange juice. Ocean Spray uses the photo as a marketing campaign. Beyonce could go after them.
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30. The Sixth Amendment rights of a defendant outweigh the First Amendment of the press in cases where the press can have prejudicial outcome of the defendant's trial.
5 Areas of privacy
Michigan Federation of Teachers v. University of Michigan
Gannett v. DePasquale
Actual malice
31. The power of authority of a particular court to hear and adjudicate matters in dispute
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
Libel Perquod
Jurisdiction
Preliminary hearing
32. If the information is lawfully obtained - the defendant can't be held in contempt of court.
State News v. Michigan State University
In re Times Publishing Co.
Amicus curiae
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
33. Reading of the charges against a person
Snepp v. United States
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Arraignment
Gertz v. Welch
34. No absolute right of access to members of the media. Can be restricted within reason.
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
Libel Perquod
Galella v. Onassis
Time Inc. v. Firestone
35. A form of qualified privilege which gives the media the right to publish articles as long as opinions are based on relevent facts. These aretiles include opinion - columns - editorials - book reviews - movie reviews - etc.
Fair comment
Gertz v. Welch
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
Time Inc. v. Pape
36. Enforced freelancer/copyright actions - and publishers who were doing more than compile the stories had to pay the reporters. Electronic publications (putting it online) makes it a new publication.
Fourteenth amendment
Booth & Ann Arbor News v. EMU Board of Regents
Tasini v. NYT
Qualified privilege
37. Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency - 2. Intrusion on physical solitude - 3. False light - 4. Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit - 5. Right to publicity
False light
Actual malice
5 Areas of privacy
Sixth amendmen
38. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating an educational purpose.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Public figure
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
State News v. Michigan State University
39. Journalists and citizens must first obey court orders first before seeking appeal - even if they believe the order is unconstitutional
Libel Per Se
Herbert v. Lando
5 Elements of libel
U.S. v. Dickinson
40. Requires certain information held by various federal and state agencies to be made available to the public unless the information falls under one of the exemptions.
Libel
Freedom of information act
Doctrine of neutral reportage
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
41. Under the language of the statute - these media representatives are not subject to an investigative subpoena.
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Branzburg v. Hayes
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
People of the State of Michigan v. Pastor
42. (Privacy)a. Very close to libel - If you're a public official/figure you have the actual malice rule - Portraying someone in a lie - Truth is a defense - Consent is a defense - Public newsworthy event is okay
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Tickets
Felonies
False light
43. A constructive trust is a proper manner of relinquishing the profits of one who abuses a confidential position.
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
State News v. Michigan State University
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
Snepp v. United States
44. This protects the media from liability of defamatory statements made during official proceedings. The published story must be a fair and accurate account of what happened.
Qualified privilege
Public figure
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Time Inc. v. Pape
45. Words that may be innocent on face - but facts make story damaging
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
Rouch 1
Qualified privilege
Libel Perquod
46. An order issued by the court to prevent attorneys and witnesses from discussing the case outside the courtroom - or reporters from publishing information obtained during a court proceeding.
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Gag order
Rouch 1
47. No liability for publishing information that was lawfully obtained.
Florida Star v. B.J.F
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
Injunction
Qualified privilege
48. MI Supreme Court ruled directory information of teachers cannot be disclosed. (home address and phone number)
Michigan Federation of Teachers v. University of Michigan
False light
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
Farmers Education Cooperative v. WDAY
49. There is liability even if the news organization reports both sides - if the sources are not credible.
Precedent
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Right to publicity
50. The media must make sure that permission is acquired in commercial situations.
Any civil matter
Defenses of libel
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
Kincaid v. Gibson