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Journalism Law

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. There is liability even if the news organization reports both sides - if the sources are not credible.






2. Journalists and citizens must first obey court orders first before seeking appeal - even if they believe the order is unconstitutional






3. Undercover efforts by news organizations could be prosecuted not for defamation - but possibly for things like breach of duty or loyalty.






4. This protects the media from liability of defamatory statements made during official proceedings. The published story must be a fair and accurate account of what happened.






5. First Amendment protects even false statements about the conduct of public officials except when statements are made with knowledge that they are false or in reckless disregard of their truth or falsity. (actual malice)






6. A reporter has a qualified privilege to report on controversial matters of public interest using reputable sources.






7. If you knowingly run ads that advocate criminal activity - you can be held liable. Got off on the first case - but on the second case they should have known better.






8. Recognized first amendment right of privacy for private figures against media.






9. Published work of copyrighted material is a violation and isn't protected under Section 107 as 'fair use.'






10. Have to have an open meeting when interviewing candidates for a public position.






11. If an ongoing - criminal investigation is actively underway - discretion may be used under the exemption claim in FOIA to withhold some documents.






12. Limited decision. Closure of preliminary hearing is unconstitutional in California because they act as mini trials to ensure defendants right to a fair trial. Unique to that state however.






13. For purposes of defamation - a person who has thrust themself into the spotlight and has the power to gain media publicity. these individuals must prove actual malice to prevail in a libel suit






14. Qualified privilege allows newspapers to report on both sides of a story as long as the sources are qualified. Created doctrine of neutral reportage






15. To claim exemption for investigative records - they must show how disclosure would interfere with proceedings. The burden of proof is on the party claiming exemption.






16. As long as speech was about a public official (figure) could not reasonably be construed to state actual facts about its subject - it is protected by the first amendment.






17. Reporters have no greater rights than any other citizen - there is no reporter shield from grand jury testifying. If you're attempting to harass - then reporters are protected and do not have to testify.






18. Enforced freelancer/copyright actions - and publishers who were doing more than compile the stories had to pay the reporters. Electronic publications (putting it online) makes it a new publication.






19. (privacy) There are areas around you that are a 'zone of privacy'






20. hearing where the judge decides whether or not there is sufficient evidence to prove a crime. In michigan - takes place in district court






21. The right to exploit one's name and likeness is personal to the artist and must be exercised - if at all - by him during his lifetime.' This resulted in a loss of inheriting personality rights in California.






22. Broadcasters are immune from liability if political candidates defame someone while under section 315






23. School officials can prohibit students from displaying messages that promote illegal drug use.






24. The OMA does not allow public bodies to bypass the law by closing meetings or doing round robin phone calls. universities are not exempt from FOIA in cases of public records.






25. A decision of a court that is recognized as an authority in deciding cases which deal with similar or identical questions of law.






26. The right of an individual to a speedy trial by an impartial jury - to be informed of the changes against them - to confront witnesses - the right to have compulsory proceedings to obtain witnesses in their favor - and the right to have assistance of






27. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating an educational purpose.






28. If a statement 'results in a material change in the meaning conveyed by the statement -' the person who says it can be sued for libel.






29. The declaration of a final judgment based on the evidence presented






30. Friend of the court.






31. A court created device to weed out inadmissible evidence in advance of trial






32. Statements of opinion that could be perceived as defamation need to be based on reliable evidence.






33. There is a First amendment right of access to trials

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34. No liability for publishing information that was lawfully obtained.






35. Only in Massachusetts - you can close a preliminary hearing if the case is a sexual assault case.






36. An order issued by the court to prevent attorneys and witnesses from discussing the case outside the courtroom - or reporters from publishing information obtained during a court proceeding.






37. An invasion of privacy tort which occurs when information about a person's private life is published - and there is not relevant newsworthy tie.






38. A form of qualified privilege which gives the media the right to publish articles as long as opinions are based on relevent facts. These aretiles include opinion - columns - editorials - book reviews - movie reviews - etc.






39. Series of pre trail hearings: court created devices to weed out inadmissible evidence prior to trial. Often determine bargaining of prosecution and defendant to come up with plea bargain. Most cases are ended with plea bargain and don't go to trial.






40. (privacy) a. Because of who you are - you have a right to profit from your image b. Endorsements






41. Written defamation which causes injury to another's reputation






42. Innocent and negligent misstatement in a newspaper are protected under constitutional freedoms of speech and press.






43. Under the language of the statute - these media representatives are not subject to an investigative subpoena.






44. Incidental use of someone's image cold be an invasion of privacy or defamation.






45. In Michigan - booking photos are available to the public.






46. Harm done which the law cannot remedy.






47. Civil cases when the amount in dispute is less than $25 -000






48. The press has no greater constitutional right to access penal facilities than any member of the general public






49. A person vs. a person (corporation can be a person too






50. Guarantees freedoms of speech - religion - press and assembly.