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Test your basic knowledge |
Journalism Law
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
journalism-and-media
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A decision of a court that is recognized as an authority in deciding cases which deal with similar or identical questions of law.
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
Precedent
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Food Lion - Inc - v. Capital Cities/ABC
2. When you have a private figure plaintiff - even though state standards controls - if it's a matter of public concern - the burden of proof shifts from the defendant who no longer has to prove truth - to the plaintiff who has to prove falsity of what
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
False light
False light
Freedom of Information Act
3. There is a First amendment right of access to trials
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4. Compensatory damages are a proper remedy to avoid the injustice under a promissory estoppel claim.
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Curtis Publishing v. Butts and AP v. Walker
Shepherd v. Maxwell
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
5. If a quote is altered - in order for a publication to be sued the plaintiff must prove the meaning portrayed in altered quote is dramatically different than the actual quote
New York Times v. United States
Circuit Court
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Intrusion on physical solitude
6. In the case where a party challenges the underlying facts that support a trial court's decision - the appellate court must defer to the trial court's view of the facts.
Wilson v. Layne
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
Booth & Ann Arbor News v. EMU Board of Regents
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
7. Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency - 2. Intrusion on physical solitude - 3. False light - 4. Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit - 5. Right to publicity
5 Areas of privacy
Libel
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
Right to publicity
8. The First Amendment protects college students' freedom of expression - and the Hazelwood case should not be applied to college media.
Kincaid v. Gibson
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
9. Broadcasters are immune from liability if political candidates defame someone while under section 315
Kincaid v. Gibson
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
Farmers Education Cooperative v. WDAY
New York Times v. Sullivan
10. Innocent and negligent misstatement in a newspaper are protected under constitutional freedoms of speech and press.
Time Inc. v. Hill
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Private figure
Injunction
11. Upon the request of the counsel or the victim - you can order that the names of the victim and actor and details of the alleged offense be suppressed until such time as the actor is arraigned - the charge is dismissed - or the case is otherwise concl
MCLA 750.520k
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
Time Inc. v. Pape
Shulman v. Group W. Productions
12. Series of pre trail hearings: court created devices to weed out inadmissible evidence prior to trial. Often determine bargaining of prosecution and defendant to come up with plea bargain. Most cases are ended with plea bargain and don't go to trial.
Time Inc. v. Hill
In re Times Publishing Co.
Circuit Court
Freedom of Information Act
13. Permission given by SCOTUS to allow a case to be appealed
People of the State of Michigan v. Pastor
Certiorari
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Defenses of libel
14. MI Supreme Court ruled directory information of teachers cannot be disclosed. (home address and phone number)
Kincaid v. Gibson
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
False light
Michigan Federation of Teachers v. University of Michigan
15. Words that may be innocent on face - but facts make story damaging
Libel Perquod
Jurisdiction
Galella v. Onassis
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
16. Spoken defamation which causes injury to a person's reputation
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
Alander
Fourth amendment
17. For presidential searches - MI supreme court ruled universities are 4th arm of government - and must conduct search in public.
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
Civil contempt
Fourth amendment
18. Newspapers do not have an equal time requirement like broadcast has.
Intrusion on physical solitude
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
Rouch 1
Alander
19. A published article must be so inaccurate that it will have more of an effect on the reader than the literal truth would.
Public figure
McCracken v. Evening News Association
U.S. v. Dickinson
Jurisdiction
20. No guarantee of immunity for media ride alongs.
Wilson v. Layne
Gertz v. Welch
District Court
Misdemeanor
21. Reporters have no greater rights than any other citizen - there is no reporter shield from grand jury testifying. If you're attempting to harass - then reporters are protected and do not have to testify.
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
WXYZ v. Hand
Pretiral hearing
Branzburg v. Hayes
22. Limited decision. Closure of preliminary hearing is unconstitutional in California because they act as mini trials to ensure defendants right to a fair trial. Unique to that state however.
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
Press-Enterprise v. Superior Court in Riverside
23. Prevents ISPs from liability except on copyright.
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
Dendrite v. John Does
Libel Perquod
Gag order
24. An invasion of privacy tort which occurs when information about a person's private life is published - and there is not relevant newsworthy tie.
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
District Court
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
25. If you get the information from outside sources - you can publish it. MCL 750.520k does not constitute an unlawful prior restraint on publication. Rather - the statute directs that the court file be withheld from the public
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
New York Times v. Sullivan
Midland Publishing Co v. District Judge
26. Journalists and citizens must first obey court orders first before seeking appeal - even if they believe the order is unconstitutional
U.S. v. Dickinson
People of the State of Michigan v. Pastor
WXYZ v. Hand
Pretiral hearing
27. Police have to disclose incident report records. Do have to keep submitting FOIAs.
Defenses of libel
Certiorari
State News v. Michigan State University
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
28. A proper search warrant could be applied to a newspaper as well as to anyone else without necessarily violating the First Amendment rights to freedom of the press.
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
Private figure
District Court
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
29. A person vs. a person (corporation can be a person too
Any civil matter
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Shepherd v. Maxwell
McCracken v. Evening News Association
30. Enforced freelancer/copyright actions - and publishers who were doing more than compile the stories had to pay the reporters. Electronic publications (putting it online) makes it a new publication.
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
Intrusion on physical solitude
Tasini v. NYT
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
31. There is liability even if the news organization reports both sides - if the sources are not credible.
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
State News v. Michigan State University
New York Times v. Sullivan
Alander
32. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating it is lewd - indecent or offensive - or have legitimate pedagogical concerns.
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
Right to publicity
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
Time Inc. v. Firestone
33. Guarantees freedoms of speech - religion - press and assembly.
WXYZ v. Hand
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
First amendment
34. Judge has an absolute duty to ensure fair trial rights. Judge must be able to control what's going on in the courtroom.
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
U.S. v. Dickinson
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Shepherd v. Maxwell
35. Reading of the charges against a person
Sixth amendmen
Arraignment
Adjudication
Libel Perquod
36. If the information is lawfully obtained - the defendant can't be held in contempt of court.
Doctrine of neutral reportage
In re Times Publishing Co.
In re Closure of Voir Dire (People v. Lawrence)
Civil contempt
37. For the purpose of defamation - a person who does not have regular - continuing access to the media - or on matters of public controversy. These individuals have a lesser burden of proof under most state libel laws.
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
Tickets
Private figure
Kincaid v. Gibson
38. In an invasion of privacy tort - an action that characterizes a person falsely. Often the person is misrepresented by quoting out of context - the careless use of photos or cutlines - or by using a picture from one story as a picture for another.
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
False light
Booth Newspaper v. U of M Board of Regents
Civil contempt
39. No absolute right of access to members of the media. Can be restricted within reason.
Galella v. Onassis
Civil contempt
Qualified privilege
Detroit Free Press v. Recorder's Court Judge
40. Reckless disregard for the truth; knowing falsity
Actual malice
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
Public figure
41. The right to exploit one's name and likeness is personal to the artist and must be exercised - if at all - by him during his lifetime.' This resulted in a loss of inheriting personality rights in California.
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
Right to publicity
First amendment
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
42. Under FOIA - personell records may be released - subject to 'appropriate redactions.'
Evening News Association v. Troy
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
43. Undercover efforts by news organizations could be prosecuted not for defamation - but possibly for things like breach of duty or loyalty.
Actual malice
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
Food Lion - Inc - v. Capital Cities/ABC
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
44. First Amendment protects even false statements about the conduct of public officials except when statements are made with knowledge that they are false or in reckless disregard of their truth or falsity. (actual malice)
MCLA 750.520k
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
New York Times v. Sullivan
45. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating an educational purpose.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
New York Times v. United States
Herbert v. Lando
46. The OMA does not allow public bodies to bypass the law by closing meetings or doing round robin phone calls. universities are not exempt from FOIA in cases of public records.
Booth Newspaper v. U of M Board of Regents
Rouch 1
Preliminary hearing
Fourteenth amendment
47. Have to have an open meeting when interviewing candidates for a public position.
5 Elements of libel
State News v. Michigan State University
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
Jurisdiction
48. As long as speech was about a public official (figure) could not reasonably be construed to state actual facts about its subject - it is protected by the first amendment.
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
People of the State of Michigan v. Pastor
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
49. Protects all 'persons' from deprivation of life - liberty or property without due process of law.
Pretiral hearing
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
5 Elements of libel
Fourteenth amendment
50. The burden of proof imposed on public officials extends to anyone involved in a matter of public concern - regardless of whether they were famous or unknown.
State News v. Michigan State University
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Precedent