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Journalism Law

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Compensatory damages are a proper remedy to avoid the injustice under a promissory estoppel claim.






2. Words that may be innocent on face - but facts make story damaging






3. Permission given by SCOTUS to allow a case to be appealed






4. 3rd party has no obligation to notify media when there's been a government subpoena of phone records. Also includes any form of electronic communication.






5. US Supreme court allows inquiry into a reporters state of mind when making decisions about what to include and what not to include.






6. Undercover efforts by news organizations could be prosecuted not for defamation - but possibly for things like breach of duty or loyalty.






7. A form of qualified privilege which gives the media the right to publish articles as long as opinions are based on relevent facts. These aretiles include opinion - columns - editorials - book reviews - movie reviews - etc.






8. Police have to disclose incident report records. Do have to keep submitting FOIAs.






9. Newspaper must have known material falsity - material falsity became standard of proof in Michigan.






10. Spoken defamation which causes injury to a person's reputation






11. In the case where a party challenges the underlying facts that support a trial court's decision - the appellate court must defer to the trial court's view of the facts.






12. Journalists and citizens must first obey court orders first before seeking appeal - even if they believe the order is unconstitutional






13. If a publication accurately prints something from a false public record document - they cannot be sued for libel.






14. Criminal matters anything less than a year in jail






15. If the information is lawfully obtained - the defendant can't be held in contempt of court.






16. Plaintiffs are not entitled to an order unmasking an anonymous author when the statements in question cannot support a cause of action for defamation.






17. The Sixth Amendment rights of a defendant outweigh the First Amendment of the press in cases where the press can have prejudicial outcome of the defendant's trial.






18. Michigan statute M.C.L.A. 750.520k violated the First - Fifth - and Fourteenth Amendments






19. A published article must be so inaccurate that it will have more of an effect on the reader than the literal truth would.






20. A proper search warrant could be applied to a newspaper as well as to anyone else without necessarily violating the First Amendment rights to freedom of the press.






21. Opinion - privilege - fair comment - truth - constitutional defenses






22. The government cannot censor. In order to exercise prior restraint - the Government must show sufficient evidence that the publication would cause a 'grave and irreparable' danger.






23. No liability for publishing information that was lawfully obtained.






24. There is a First amendment right of access to trials

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25. in an invasion of privacy tort - an action which occurs when an individual's expectation of privacy or right to be left alone is breached. EX. A reporter lies about his identity to gain access to information they couldn't under normal conditions.






26. If you obtain material from a third party illegally - media are still protected and can publish.






27. Damages presumed - Falsely accusing someone of a crime - Statements concerning race or political belief - Damaging someone in their business - Ex. calling brain surgeon 'butterfingers'






28. If a statement 'results in a material change in the meaning conveyed by the statement -' the person who says it can be sued for libel.






29. There is liability even if the news organization reports both sides - if the sources are not credible.






30. Only in Massachusetts - you can close a preliminary hearing if the case is a sexual assault case.






31. (Privacy)a. Very close to libel - If you're a public official/figure you have the actual malice rule - Portraying someone in a lie - Truth is a defense - Consent is a defense - Public newsworthy event is okay






32. Michigan court trials have to remain open. Parts can be closed - but never all of the trial. M.C.L.A 750.520k only applies to pre-trial hearings.






33. Statements of opinion that could be perceived as defamation need to be based on reliable evidence.






34. What is shot in public place is fine - but if there is intrusion on physical solitude it is not protected.






35. The power of authority of a particular court to hear and adjudicate matters in dispute






36. Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency - 2. Intrusion on physical solitude - 3. False light - 4. Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit - 5. Right to publicity






37. NYT actual malice rule is extended form just public officials to include public figures






38. First Amendment protects even false statements about the conduct of public officials except when statements are made with knowledge that they are false or in reckless disregard of their truth or falsity. (actual malice)






39. The speech and debate clause only covers members of congress within the halls of congress - not outside of it. I.E. press releases - speeches - etc.






40. No guarantee of immunity for media ride alongs.






41. hearing where the judge decides whether or not there is sufficient evidence to prove a crime. In michigan - takes place in district court






42. First Amendment protects media to report information from official records available in open court.






43. Requires certain information held by various federal and state agencies to be made available to the public unless the information falls under one of the exemptions.






44. Reporters have no greater rights than any other citizen - there is no reporter shield from grand jury testifying. If you're attempting to harass - then reporters are protected and do not have to testify.






45. In Michigan - booking photos are available to the public.






46. Any communication - true or false - which exposes a person to hatred - ridicule or contempt. the person's reputation is harmed or damaged






47. A judgment made by the court before or during a trial. This judgment is in repsonse to a motion by the plaintiff or defendant - who claims there is not enough evidence or there is no dispute that the information given is fact.






48. Reconfirmed that you cannot censor news media and its coverage unless theirs a clear and present danger.






49. Anything punishable by more than a year in jail






50. If a quote is altered - in order for a publication to be sued the plaintiff must prove the meaning portrayed in altered quote is dramatically different than the actual quote