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Test your basic knowledge |
Journalism Law
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
journalism-and-media
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Written defamation which causes injury to another's reputation
Libel
Gag order
Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit
Midland Publishing Co v. District Judge
2. Money damages awarded to the injured party as compensation for a specific loss
State News v. Michigan State University
Freedom of Information Act
Actual Damages
In re Closure of Voir Dire (People v. Lawrence)
3. For purposes of divorce - there may be some elements of a public person's private life that make them a private figure.
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
False light
Injunction
Time Inc. v. Firestone
4. A person vs. a person (corporation can be a person too
Any civil matter
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Pearson v. Dodd
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
5. Any communication - true or false - which exposes a person to hatred - ridicule or contempt. the person's reputation is harmed or damaged
Libel
Defamation
People of the State of Michigan v. Pastor
Fair comment
6. Friend of the court.
Amicus curiae
Rouch 2
Galella v. Onassis
Libel
7. First Amendment protects media to report information from official records available in open court.
Alander
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
Private figure
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
8. Minor errors do not count as actual malice.
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
Felonies
First amendment
Time Inc. v. Pape
9. To claim exemption for investigative records - they must show how disclosure would interfere with proceedings. The burden of proof is on the party claiming exemption.
Dendrite v. John Does
Intrusion on physical solitude
Libel Per Se
Evening News Association v. Troy
10. Qualified privilege allows newspapers to report on both sides of a story as long as the sources are qualified. Created doctrine of neutral reportage
Sixth amendmen
Pretiral hearing
Libel
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
11. (Privacy) Ex. Kim Kardashian's sex tape
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
5 Areas of privacy
In re Closure of Voir Dire (People v. Lawrence)
Fair comment
12. Newspapers do not have an equal time requirement like broadcast has.
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
13. hearing where the judge decides whether or not there is sufficient evidence to prove a crime. In michigan - takes place in district court
McCracken v. Evening News Association
Rouch 2
Time Inc. v. Pape
Preliminary hearing
14. The right to exploit one's name and likeness is personal to the artist and must be exercised - if at all - by him during his lifetime.' This resulted in a loss of inheriting personality rights in California.
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
15. Criminal matters anything less than a year in jail
Sixth amendmen
Misdemeanor
Libel Per Se
New York Times v. United States
16. (privacy) There are areas around you that are a 'zone of privacy'
McCracken v. Evening News Association
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Intrusion on physical solitude
17. Motions for summary judgment is applicable if the publication is not private facts and is newsworthy.
Right to publicity
Curtis Publishing v. Butts and AP v. Walker
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
Clark v. ABC
18. Incidental use of someone's image cold be an invasion of privacy or defamation.
Felonies
Clark v. ABC
Shulman v. Group W. Productions
Arraignment
19. in an invasion of privacy tort - an action which occurs when an individual's expectation of privacy or right to be left alone is breached. EX. A reporter lies about his identity to gain access to information they couldn't under normal conditions.
Booth & Ann Arbor News v. EMU Board of Regents
Intrusion on physical solitude
Amicus curiae
Civil contempt
20. For presidential searches - MI supreme court ruled universities are 4th arm of government - and must conduct search in public.
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
Circuit Court
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
21. Reporters have no greater rights than any other citizen - there is no reporter shield from grand jury testifying. If you're attempting to harass - then reporters are protected and do not have to testify.
Branzburg v. Hayes
Misdemeanor
Booth Newspaper v. U of M Board of Regents
Pretiral hearing
22. If a quote is altered - in order for a publication to be sued the plaintiff must prove the meaning portrayed in altered quote is dramatically different than the actual quote
Tickets
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
23. The power of authority of a particular court to hear and adjudicate matters in dispute
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Civil contempt
Jurisdiction
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
24. An invasion of privacy tort which occurs when information about a person's private life is published - and there is not relevant newsworthy tie.
Circuit Court
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
Fourth amendment
25. The First Amendment protects college students' freedom of expression - and the Hazelwood case should not be applied to college media.
Felonies
Circuit Court
Kincaid v. Gibson
District Court
26. The declaration of a final judgment based on the evidence presented
Adjudication
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Preliminary hearing
Right to publicity
27. If an ongoing - criminal investigation is actively underway - discretion may be used under the exemption claim in FOIA to withhold some documents.
WXYZ v. Hand
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
28. A reporter has a qualified privilege to report on controversial matters of public interest using reputable sources.
Shepherd v. Maxwell
District Court
Doctrine of neutral reportage
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
29. For the purpose of defamation - a person who does not have regular - continuing access to the media - or on matters of public controversy. These individuals have a lesser burden of proof under most state libel laws.
In re Times Publishing Co.
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
Private figure
30. Only in Massachusetts - you can close a preliminary hearing if the case is a sexual assault case.
Rouch 1
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Fourth amendment
31. Requires certain information held by various federal and state agencies to be made available to the public unless the information falls under one of the exemptions.
Food Lion - Inc - v. Capital Cities/ABC
Freedom of information act
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
Midland Publishing Co v. District Judge
32. As long as speech was about a public official (figure) could not reasonably be construed to state actual facts about its subject - it is protected by the first amendment.
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
Misdemeanor
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Rouch 1
33. Michigan is in ____ district court in ____ -____
6th - cincinnati OH
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
Booth & Ann Arbor News v. EMU Board of Regents
Freedom of Information Act
34. In an invasion of privacy tort - an action that characterizes a person falsely. Often the person is misrepresented by quoting out of context - the careless use of photos or cutlines - or by using a picture from one story as a picture for another.
False light
Private figure
Right to publicity
Arraignment
35. (Privacy)a. Very close to libel - If you're a public official/figure you have the actual malice rule - Portraying someone in a lie - Truth is a defense - Consent is a defense - Public newsworthy event is okay
Gertz v. Welch
False light
Alander
Libel Per Se
36. An order issued by the court to prevent attorneys and witnesses from discussing the case outside the courtroom - or reporters from publishing information obtained during a court proceeding.
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
Kincaid v. Gibson
Arraignment
Gag order
37. Guarantees people the right to be secure in their homes and property against unreasonable searches and seizures. Also protects against the issuance of a warrant without probable cause.
Right to publicity
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
Intrusion on physical solitude
Fourth amendment
38. NYT actual malice standard does not extend to private figures. However - it's up to the states to determine what a private figure is - and there's a new standard that says you have to prove harm and damages.
Evening News Association v. Troy
Branzburg v. Hayes
Gertz v. Welch
Florida Star v. B.J.F
39. Reckless disregard for the truth; knowing falsity
Pearson v. Dodd
Actual malice
Shepherd v. Maxwell
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
40. If a statement 'results in a material change in the meaning conveyed by the statement -' the person who says it can be sued for libel.
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
Galella v. Onassis
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
Booth & Ann Arbor News v. EMU Board of Regents
41. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating an educational purpose.
District Court
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
42. Statements of opinion that could be perceived as defamation need to be based on reliable evidence.
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
Jurisdiction
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
43. Undercover efforts by news organizations could be prosecuted not for defamation - but possibly for things like breach of duty or loyalty.
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
Dendrite v. John Does
Food Lion - Inc - v. Capital Cities/ABC
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
44. Under the language of the statute - these media representatives are not subject to an investigative subpoena.
New York Times v. United States
People of the State of Michigan v. Pastor
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
5 Areas of privacy
45. Protects all 'persons' from deprivation of life - liberty or property without due process of law.
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
Defamation
Fourteenth amendment
Injunction
46. Federal if between two states (although try to get it back to states) - telecommunications - crossing state lines - anything violating state law
Libel Perquod
In re Times Publishing Co.
District Court
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
47. Institutes procedures to ensure every citizen has the right to access government documents - as well as the right to inspect and receive copies of records from state and local government bodies.
In re Times Publishing Co.
U.S. v. Dickinson
Freedom of Information Act
Michigan Federation of Teachers v. University of Michigan
48. Anything punishable by more than a year in jail
Libel
Gannett v. DePasquale
Felonies
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
49. Words that may be innocent on face - but facts make story damaging
Libel Perquod
5 Elements of libel
Right to publicity
Preliminary hearing
50. MI Supreme Court ruled directory information of teachers cannot be disclosed. (home address and phone number)
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Michigan Federation of Teachers v. University of Michigan
Morse v. Frederick
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff