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Test your basic knowledge |
Journalism Law
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
journalism-and-media
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Requires certain information held by various federal and state agencies to be made available to the public unless the information falls under one of the exemptions.
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
Injunction
Freedom of information act
2. Money damages awarded to the injured party as compensation for a specific loss
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
Actual Damages
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
Intrusion on physical solitude
3. Michigan court trials have to remain open. Parts can be closed - but never all of the trial. M.C.L.A 750.520k only applies to pre-trial hearings.
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
False light
Florida Star v. B.J.F
4. Opinion - privilege - fair comment - truth - constitutional defenses
Defenses of libel
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Private figure
Tasini v. NYT
5. Broadcasters are immune from liability if political candidates defame someone while under section 315
Felonies
Dendrite v. John Does
Farmers Education Cooperative v. WDAY
Preliminary hearing
6. The declaration of a final judgment based on the evidence presented
WXYZ v. Hand
5 Elements of libel
Right to publicity
Adjudication
7. No liability for publishing information that was lawfully obtained.
Defamation
Florida Star v. B.J.F
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
8. (privacy) a. Because of who you are - you have a right to profit from your image b. Endorsements
Right to publicity
Time Inc. v. Pape
WXYZ v. Hand
Actual malice
9. (Privacy) Ex. Kim Kardashian's sex tape
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
Gag order
5 Areas of privacy
10. A decision of a court that is recognized as an authority in deciding cases which deal with similar or identical questions of law.
MCLA 750.520k
False light
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
Precedent
11. Words that may be innocent on face - but facts make story damaging
Herbert v. Lando
Tasini v. NYT
Libel Perquod
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
12. 3rd party has no obligation to notify media when there's been a government subpoena of phone records. Also includes any form of electronic communication.
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Defamation
Galella v. Onassis
Dendrite v. John Does
13. The burden of proof imposed on public officials extends to anyone involved in a matter of public concern - regardless of whether they were famous or unknown.
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
6th - cincinnati OH
Shulman v. Group W. Productions
14. Published work of copyrighted material is a violation and isn't protected under Section 107 as 'fair use.'
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
15. Institutes procedures to ensure every citizen has the right to access government documents - as well as the right to inspect and receive copies of records from state and local government bodies.
Pearson v. Dodd
Felonies
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
Freedom of Information Act
16. A constructive trust is a proper manner of relinquishing the profits of one who abuses a confidential position.
Rouch 2
Snepp v. United States
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
In re Times Publishing Co.
17. The right to exploit one's name and likeness is personal to the artist and must be exercised - if at all - by him during his lifetime.' This resulted in a loss of inheriting personality rights in California.
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Wilson v. Layne
Summary judgment
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
18. Set the standard in MI that negligence is needed to prove libel - as the legislature had not acted.
Rouch 1
Sixth amendmen
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
State News v. Michigan State University
19. Enforced freelancer/copyright actions - and publishers who were doing more than compile the stories had to pay the reporters. Electronic publications (putting it online) makes it a new publication.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
Tasini v. NYT
20. Only in Massachusetts - you can close a preliminary hearing if the case is a sexual assault case.
Right to publicity
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
21. Criminal matters anything less than a year in jail
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
Misdemeanor
Defenses of libel
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
22. In an invasion of privacy tort - an action that characterizes a person falsely. Often the person is misrepresented by quoting out of context - the careless use of photos or cutlines - or by using a picture from one story as a picture for another.
U.S. v. Dickinson
False light
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
Intrusion on physical solitude
23. Guarantees freedoms of speech - religion - press and assembly.
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
First amendment
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
24. A person vs. a person (corporation can be a person too
Fair comment
Preliminary hearing
Shulman v. Group W. Productions
Any civil matter
25. A proper search warrant could be applied to a newspaper as well as to anyone else without necessarily violating the First Amendment rights to freedom of the press.
U.S. v. Dickinson
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
5 Areas of privacy
26. A form of qualified privilege which gives the media the right to publish articles as long as opinions are based on relevent facts. These aretiles include opinion - columns - editorials - book reviews - movie reviews - etc.
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
Fourteenth amendment
Fair comment
District Court
27. Federal if between two states (although try to get it back to states) - telecommunications - crossing state lines - anything violating state law
Civil contempt
District Court
Qualified privilege
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
28. Anything punishable by more than a year in jail
Felonies
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
Actual malice
29. in an invasion of privacy tort - an action which occurs when an individual's expectation of privacy or right to be left alone is breached. EX. A reporter lies about his identity to gain access to information they couldn't under normal conditions.
Intrusion on physical solitude
MCLA 750.520k
WXYZ v. Hand
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
30. (Privacy)a. Very close to libel - If you're a public official/figure you have the actual malice rule - Portraying someone in a lie - Truth is a defense - Consent is a defense - Public newsworthy event is okay
False light
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
Gag order
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
31. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating it is lewd - indecent or offensive - or have legitimate pedagogical concerns.
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
Wilson v. Layne
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
Certiorari
32. Judge has an absolute duty to ensure fair trial rights. Judge must be able to control what's going on in the courtroom.
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
Shepherd v. Maxwell
Certiorari
District Court
33. Police have to disclose incident report records. Do have to keep submitting FOIAs.
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
State News v. Michigan State University
Civil contempt
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
34. School officials can prohibit students from displaying messages that promote illegal drug use.
Galella v. Onassis
Morse v. Frederick
Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit
Gag order
35. Civil cases when the amount in dispute is less than $25 -000
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Pearson v. Dodd
Tickets
36. If the information is lawfully obtained - the defendant can't be held in contempt of court.
In re Times Publishing Co.
Alander
Clark v. ABC
Any civil matter
37. If you knowingly run ads that advocate criminal activity - you can be held liable. Got off on the first case - but on the second case they should have known better.
Fourth amendment
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
District Court
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
38. In Michigan - there's an absolute right of public to be present during jury selection.
Certiorari
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
In re Closure of Voir Dire (People v. Lawrence)
False light
39. First Amendment protects media to report information from official records available in open court.
Right to publicity
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Adjudication
Florida Star v. B.J.F
40. Motions for summary judgment is applicable if the publication is not private facts and is newsworthy.
Food Lion - Inc - v. Capital Cities/ABC
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
Rouch 2
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
41. For the purpose of defamation - a person who does not have regular - continuing access to the media - or on matters of public controversy. These individuals have a lesser burden of proof under most state libel laws.
Intrusion on physical solitude
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Private figure
Sixth amendmen
42. If a statement 'results in a material change in the meaning conveyed by the statement -' the person who says it can be sued for libel.
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
Right to publicity
Pretiral hearing
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
43. The right of an individual to a speedy trial by an impartial jury - to be informed of the changes against them - to confront witnesses - the right to have compulsory proceedings to obtain witnesses in their favor - and the right to have assistance of
U.S. v. Dickinson
In re Times Publishing Co.
Sixth amendmen
Circuit Court
44. If an ongoing - criminal investigation is actively underway - discretion may be used under the exemption claim in FOIA to withhold some documents.
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
Freedom of information act
Irreparable harm
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
45. Incidental use of someone's image cold be an invasion of privacy or defamation.
Clark v. ABC
Rouch 2
Gannett v. DePasquale
District Court
46. There is a first amendment right of access to the public to cover and attend trials.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
Amicus curiae
47. Innocent and negligent misstatement in a newspaper are protected under constitutional freedoms of speech and press.
Intrusion on physical solitude
Time Inc. v. Hill
Galella v. Onassis
U.S. v. Dickinson
48. Undercover efforts by news organizations could be prosecuted not for defamation - but possibly for things like breach of duty or loyalty.
Food Lion - Inc - v. Capital Cities/ABC
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
District Court
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
49. Journalists and citizens must first obey court orders first before seeking appeal - even if they believe the order is unconstitutional
Time Inc. v. Hill
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
U.S. v. Dickinson
Tasini v. NYT
50. Protects all 'persons' from deprivation of life - liberty or property without due process of law.
Fourteenth amendment
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures