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Test your basic knowledge |
Journalism Law
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
journalism-and-media
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Opinion - privilege - fair comment - truth - constitutional defenses
Defenses of libel
Public figure
Fourth amendment
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
2. Under FOIA - personell records may be released - subject to 'appropriate redactions.'
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
Right to publicity
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
Amicus curiae
3. The government cannot censor. In order to exercise prior restraint - the Government must show sufficient evidence that the publication would cause a 'grave and irreparable' danger.
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
Intrusion on physical solitude
New York Times v. United States
4. A judgment made by the court before or during a trial. This judgment is in repsonse to a motion by the plaintiff or defendant - who claims there is not enough evidence or there is no dispute that the information given is fact.
Actual Damages
Summary judgment
New York Times v. Sullivan
Jurisdiction
5. A form of qualified privilege which gives the media the right to publish articles as long as opinions are based on relevent facts. These aretiles include opinion - columns - editorials - book reviews - movie reviews - etc.
Fair comment
Time Inc. v. Hill
Farmers Education Cooperative v. WDAY
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
6. A published article must be so inaccurate that it will have more of an effect on the reader than the literal truth would.
McCracken v. Evening News Association
Intrusion on physical solitude
Precedent
Kincaid v. Gibson
7. in an invasion of privacy tort - an action which occurs when an individual's expectation of privacy or right to be left alone is breached. EX. A reporter lies about his identity to gain access to information they couldn't under normal conditions.
Freedom of Information Act
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
Intrusion on physical solitude
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
8. Published work of copyrighted material is a violation and isn't protected under Section 107 as 'fair use.'
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Wilson v. Layne
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
9. Lowest court handles: Tickets - civil matter - Misdemeanor - Felonies
First amendment
District Court
Pretiral hearing
Defamation
10. Statements of opinion that could be perceived as defamation need to be based on reliable evidence.
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
McCracken v. Evening News Association
11. Minor errors do not count as actual malice.
Fourth amendment
In re Times Publishing Co.
False light
Time Inc. v. Pape
12. MI Supreme Court ruled directory information of teachers cannot be disclosed. (home address and phone number)
New York Times v. Sullivan
Michigan Federation of Teachers v. University of Michigan
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
U.S. v. Dickinson
13. Friend of the court.
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Felonies
Civil contempt
Amicus curiae
14. (privacy) a. Because of who you are - you have a right to profit from your image b. Endorsements
In re Times Publishing Co.
Public figure
Certiorari
Right to publicity
15. Motions for summary judgment is applicable if the publication is not private facts and is newsworthy.
Freedom of information act
Summary judgment
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit
16. If you knowingly run ads that advocate criminal activity - you can be held liable. Got off on the first case - but on the second case they should have known better.
Qualified privilege
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
17. Protects all 'persons' from deprivation of life - liberty or property without due process of law.
U.S. v. Dickinson
Detroit Free Press v. Recorder's Court Judge
Doctrine of neutral reportage
Fourteenth amendment
18. First Amendment protects even false statements about the conduct of public officials except when statements are made with knowledge that they are false or in reckless disregard of their truth or falsity. (actual malice)
Tasini v. NYT
Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit
New York Times v. Sullivan
In re Closure of Voir Dire (People v. Lawrence)
19. Plaintiffs are not entitled to an order unmasking an anonymous author when the statements in question cannot support a cause of action for defamation.
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
Curtis Publishing v. Butts and AP v. Walker
Booth & Ann Arbor News v. EMU Board of Regents
Kincaid v. Gibson
20. Permission given by SCOTUS to allow a case to be appealed
Misdemeanor
Freedom of information act
Herbert v. Lando
Certiorari
21. Spoken defamation which causes injury to a person's reputation
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
Pearson v. Dodd
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Alander
22. In an invasion of privacy tort - the right an individual has to profit from their likeness - or to prevent others from gaining value for their own commercial benefit
Shulman v. Group W. Productions
Right to publicity
Shepherd v. Maxwell
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
23. If a publication accurately prints something from a false public record document - they cannot be sued for libel.
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit
Gag order
Sixth amendmen
24. The media must make sure that permission is acquired in commercial situations.
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Rouch 2
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
People of the State of Michigan v. Pastor
25. The right to exploit one's name and likeness is personal to the artist and must be exercised - if at all - by him during his lifetime.' This resulted in a loss of inheriting personality rights in California.
First amendment
6th - cincinnati OH
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
Fair comment
26. When you have a private figure plaintiff - even though state standards controls - if it's a matter of public concern - the burden of proof shifts from the defendant who no longer has to prove truth - to the plaintiff who has to prove falsity of what
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
Fair comment
Actual Damages
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
27. Newspapers do not have an equal time requirement like broadcast has.
Morse v. Frederick
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
28. hearing where the judge decides whether or not there is sufficient evidence to prove a crime. In michigan - takes place in district court
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
Preliminary hearing
McCracken v. Evening News Association
29. The press has no greater constitutional right to access penal facilities than any member of the general public
Arraignment
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
WXYZ v. Hand
30. As long as speech was about a public official (figure) could not reasonably be construed to state actual facts about its subject - it is protected by the first amendment.
First amendment
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
Private figure
31. Civil cases when the amount in dispute is less than $25 -000
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
Tickets
Precedent
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
32. Failure to obey an order made by the court
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
Civil contempt
Misdemeanor
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
33. Compensatory damages are a proper remedy to avoid the injustice under a promissory estoppel claim.
Press-Enterprise v. Superior Court in Riverside
Private figure
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
Defenses of libel
34. The speech and debate clause only covers members of congress within the halls of congress - not outside of it. I.E. press releases - speeches - etc.
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
Rouch 2
35. Michigan court trials have to remain open. Parts can be closed - but never all of the trial. M.C.L.A 750.520k only applies to pre-trial hearings.
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
36. What is shot in public place is fine - but if there is intrusion on physical solitude it is not protected.
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
Shulman v. Group W. Productions
Certiorari
37. The OMA does not allow public bodies to bypass the law by closing meetings or doing round robin phone calls. universities are not exempt from FOIA in cases of public records.
In re Times Publishing Co.
Intrusion on physical solitude
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
Booth Newspaper v. U of M Board of Regents
38. (Privacy) Ex. Kim Kardashian's sex tape
Herbert v. Lando
Evening News Association v. Troy
5 Areas of privacy
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
39. If an ongoing - criminal investigation is actively underway - discretion may be used under the exemption claim in FOIA to withhold some documents.
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
40. There is liability even if the news organization reports both sides - if the sources are not credible.
Actual malice
Sixth amendmen
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
41. For purposes of divorce - there may be some elements of a public person's private life that make them a private figure.
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Farmers Education Cooperative v. WDAY
Rouch 2
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
42. (privacy) Ex. Beyonce has a thing of Ocean Spray orange juice. Ocean Spray uses the photo as a marketing campaign. Beyonce could go after them.
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43. To claim exemption for investigative records - they must show how disclosure would interfere with proceedings. The burden of proof is on the party claiming exemption.
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
Freedom of information act
Evening News Association v. Troy
False light
44. Money damages awarded to the injured party as compensation for a specific loss
Precedent
Herbert v. Lando
MCLA 750.520k
Actual Damages
45. Michigan is in ____ district court in ____ -____
6th - cincinnati OH
Gag order
Jurisdiction
Press-Enterprise v. Superior Court in Riverside
46. First Amendment protects media to report information from official records available in open court.
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
Doctrine of neutral reportage
False light
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
47. A constructive trust is a proper manner of relinquishing the profits of one who abuses a confidential position.
Circuit Court
False light
Snepp v. United States
Arraignment
48. In Michigan - booking photos are available to the public.
Amicus curiae
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Fourteenth amendment
49. There is a first amendment right of access to the public to cover and attend trials.
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
Branzburg v. Hayes
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
Actual Damages
50. Journalists and citizens must first obey court orders first before seeking appeal - even if they believe the order is unconstitutional
U.S. v. Dickinson
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
Freedom of Information Act