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Test your basic knowledge |
Journalism Law
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
journalism-and-media
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. For purposes of divorce - there may be some elements of a public person's private life that make them a private figure.
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Private figure
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
2. As long as speech was about a public official (figure) could not reasonably be construed to state actual facts about its subject - it is protected by the first amendment.
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
Branzburg v. Hayes
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
3. The OMA does not allow public bodies to bypass the law by closing meetings or doing round robin phone calls. universities are not exempt from FOIA in cases of public records.
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
McCracken v. Evening News Association
Freedom of Information Act
Booth Newspaper v. U of M Board of Regents
4. Compensatory damages are a proper remedy to avoid the injustice under a promissory estoppel claim.
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
Pearson v. Dodd
5. The declaration of a final judgment based on the evidence presented
Adjudication
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
District Court
Intrusion on physical solitude
6. Under the language of the statute - these media representatives are not subject to an investigative subpoena.
Circuit Court
Precedent
Amicus curiae
People of the State of Michigan v. Pastor
7. Lowest court handles: Tickets - civil matter - Misdemeanor - Felonies
Defenses of libel
Booth Newspaper v. U of M Board of Regents
District Court
Felonies
8. Publication - identification - defamation - harm and damages
Shulman v. Group W. Productions
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
5 Elements of libel
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
9. Criminal matters anything less than a year in jail
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Irreparable harm
Misdemeanor
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
10. Guarantees freedoms of speech - religion - press and assembly.
False light
First amendment
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Intrusion on physical solitude
11. Michigan court trials have to remain open. Parts can be closed - but never all of the trial. M.C.L.A 750.520k only applies to pre-trial hearings.
Dendrite v. John Does
Michigan Federation of Teachers v. University of Michigan
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
12. If a publication accurately prints something from a false public record document - they cannot be sued for libel.
McIntosh v. The Detroit News
New York Times v. Sullivan
False light
Right to publicity
13. A reporter has a qualified privilege to report on controversial matters of public interest using reputable sources.
Intrusion on physical solitude
First amendment
Doctrine of neutral reportage
In re Times Publishing Co.
14. No guarantee of immunity for media ride alongs.
State News v. Michigan State University
Detroit Free Press v. Recorder's Court Judge
Booth & Ann Arbor News v. EMU Board of Regents
Wilson v. Layne
15. Statements of opinion that could be perceived as defamation need to be based on reliable evidence.
Any civil matter
Pretiral hearing
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
16. in an invasion of privacy tort - an action which occurs when an individual's expectation of privacy or right to be left alone is breached. EX. A reporter lies about his identity to gain access to information they couldn't under normal conditions.
Branzburg v. Hayes
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
Intrusion on physical solitude
New York Times v. United States
17. If the information is lawfully obtained - the defendant can't be held in contempt of court.
Civil contempt
In re Times Publishing Co.
Private figure
Time Inc. v. Hill
18. In Michigan - booking photos are available to the public.
Galella v. Onassis
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
Fourteenth amendment
Florida Star v. B.J.F
19. Federal if between two states (although try to get it back to states) - telecommunications - crossing state lines - anything violating state law
Galella v. Onassis
Fair comment
District Court
Intrusion on physical solitude
20. Motions for summary judgment is applicable if the publication is not private facts and is newsworthy.
6th - cincinnati OH
Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Company
Felonies
Curtis Publishing v. Butts and AP v. Walker
21. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating an educational purpose.
Gannett v. DePasquale
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
22. Spoken defamation which causes injury to a person's reputation
Time Inc. v. Pape
Tasini v. NYT
Alander
Freedom of information act
23. Set the standard in MI that negligence is needed to prove libel - as the legislature had not acted.
Wilson v. Layne
Dendrite v. John Does
Rouch 1
Kincaid v. Gibson
24. This protects the media from liability of defamatory statements made during official proceedings. The published story must be a fair and accurate account of what happened.
Qualified privilege
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Summary judgment
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
25. When you have a private figure plaintiff - even though state standards controls - if it's a matter of public concern - the burden of proof shifts from the defendant who no longer has to prove truth - to the plaintiff who has to prove falsity of what
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
Midland Publishing Co v. District Judge
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
26. Reading of the charges against a person
Right to publicity
Michigan Federation of Teachers v. University of Michigan
Arraignment
Actual Damages
27. Only in Massachusetts - you can close a preliminary hearing if the case is a sexual assault case.
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
28. Qualified privilege allows newspapers to report on both sides of a story as long as the sources are qualified. Created doctrine of neutral reportage
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
Michigan Federation of Teachers v. University of Michigan
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
29. Enforced freelancer/copyright actions - and publishers who were doing more than compile the stories had to pay the reporters. Electronic publications (putting it online) makes it a new publication.
McCracken v. Evening News Association
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
New York Times v. Sullivan
Tasini v. NYT
30. A decision of a court that is recognized as an authority in deciding cases which deal with similar or identical questions of law.
5 Elements of libel
Time Inc. v. Hill
Jurisdiction
Precedent
31. A proper search warrant could be applied to a newspaper as well as to anyone else without necessarily violating the First Amendment rights to freedom of the press.
Public figure
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
Rouch 1
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
32. Incidental use of someone's image cold be an invasion of privacy or defamation.
Rouch 2
Clark v. ABC
Certiorari
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
33. Reporters have no greater rights than any other citizen - there is no reporter shield from grand jury testifying. If you're attempting to harass - then reporters are protected and do not have to testify.
Wilson v. Layne
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
Branzburg v. Hayes
Florida Star v. B.J.F
34. Undercover efforts by news organizations could be prosecuted not for defamation - but possibly for things like breach of duty or loyalty.
Food Lion - Inc - v. Capital Cities/ABC
Shulman v. Group W. Productions
Libel Perquod
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
35. Have to have an open meeting when interviewing candidates for a public position.
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
False light
36. A court created device to weed out inadmissible evidence in advance of trial
Pretiral hearing
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
37. The First Amendment protects college students' freedom of expression - and the Hazelwood case should not be applied to college media.
Kincaid v. Gibson
Gertz v. Welch
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
38. Journalists and citizens must first obey court orders first before seeking appeal - even if they believe the order is unconstitutional
Civil contempt
U.S. v. Dickinson
Shulman v. Group W. Productions
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
39. There is a First amendment right of access to trials
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40. What is shot in public place is fine - but if there is intrusion on physical solitude it is not protected.
Shepherd v. Maxwell
Irreparable harm
Shulman v. Group W. Productions
Pretiral hearing
41. 3rd party has no obligation to notify media when there's been a government subpoena of phone records. Also includes any form of electronic communication.
Press-Enterprise v. Superior Court in Riverside
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
42. Newspapers do not have an equal time requirement like broadcast has.
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Libel
Tasini v. NYT
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
43. The right to exploit one's name and likeness is personal to the artist and must be exercised - if at all - by him during his lifetime.' This resulted in a loss of inheriting personality rights in California.
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
U.S. v. Dickinson
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
44. Even though university foundations are privately incorporated - they might be subject to comply with FOIA and OMA if the majority of funding comes from the university.
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
Defenses of libel
Alander
45. An invasion of privacy tort which occurs when information about a person's private life is published - and there is not relevant newsworthy tie.
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
False light
Fourteenth amendment
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
46. For presidential searches - MI supreme court ruled universities are 4th arm of government - and must conduct search in public.
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
Preliminary hearing
District Court
47. Private members of society are not required by the First Amendment to meet the 'actual malice' standard in order to recover damage.
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48. If a statement 'results in a material change in the meaning conveyed by the statement -' the person who says it can be sued for libel.
Doctrine of neutral reportage
5 Areas of privacy
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
U.S. v. Dickinson
49. Limited decision. Closure of preliminary hearing is unconstitutional in California because they act as mini trials to ensure defendants right to a fair trial. Unique to that state however.
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
Fair comment
Qualified privilege
Press-Enterprise v. Superior Court in Riverside
50. (Privacy)a. Very close to libel - If you're a public official/figure you have the actual malice rule - Portraying someone in a lie - Truth is a defense - Consent is a defense - Public newsworthy event is okay
False light
Precedent
Irreparable harm
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing