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Test your basic knowledge |
Journalism Law
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
journalism-and-media
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Under the language of the statute - these media representatives are not subject to an investigative subpoena.
False light
Freedom of information act
People of the State of Michigan v. Pastor
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
2. A form of qualified privilege which gives the media the right to publish articles as long as opinions are based on relevent facts. These aretiles include opinion - columns - editorials - book reviews - movie reviews - etc.
6th - cincinnati OH
Farmers Education Cooperative v. WDAY
Fair comment
Fourteenth amendment
3. First Amendment protects media to report information from official records available in open court.
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
Alander
Pretiral hearing
4. In an invasion of privacy tort - an action that characterizes a person falsely. Often the person is misrepresented by quoting out of context - the careless use of photos or cutlines - or by using a picture from one story as a picture for another.
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Fourth amendment
False light
Time Inc. v. Firestone
5. Permission given by SCOTUS to allow a case to be appealed
Alander
In re Closure of Voir Dire (People v. Lawrence)
Certiorari
Dendrite v. John Does
6. Reckless disregard for the truth; knowing falsity
Actual malice
Gag order
Curtis Publishing v. Butts and AP v. Walker
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
7. The First Amendment protects college students' freedom of expression - and the Hazelwood case should not be applied to college media.
Kincaid v. Gibson
Morse v. Frederick
Preliminary hearing
Gannett v. DePasquale
8. To claim exemption for investigative records - they must show how disclosure would interfere with proceedings. The burden of proof is on the party claiming exemption.
Evening News Association v. Troy
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
Gannett v. DePasquale
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
9. Limited decision. Closure of preliminary hearing is unconstitutional in California because they act as mini trials to ensure defendants right to a fair trial. Unique to that state however.
Press-Enterprise v. Superior Court in Riverside
Wolston v. Readers' Digest Association
Gannett v. DePasquale
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
10. Reconfirmed that you cannot censor news media and its coverage unless theirs a clear and present danger.
Libel Perquod
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
Pearson v. Dodd
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
11. Federal if between two states (although try to get it back to states) - telecommunications - crossing state lines - anything violating state law
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
District Court
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
Civil contempt
12. In Michigan - booking photos are available to the public.
Detroit Free Press - Inc. v. Oakland County Sheriff
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
Circuit Court
Actual malice
13. The right of an individual to a speedy trial by an impartial jury - to be informed of the changes against them - to confront witnesses - the right to have compulsory proceedings to obtain witnesses in their favor - and the right to have assistance of
Tasini v. NYT
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
Sixth amendmen
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
14. (privacy) Ex. Beyonce has a thing of Ocean Spray orange juice. Ocean Spray uses the photo as a marketing campaign. Beyonce could go after them.
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15. First Amendment protects even false statements about the conduct of public officials except when statements are made with knowledge that they are false or in reckless disregard of their truth or falsity. (actual malice)
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
Bradley v. Saranac Community Schools Board of Education
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
New York Times v. Sullivan
16. In an invasion of privacy tort - the right an individual has to profit from their likeness - or to prevent others from gaining value for their own commercial benefit
Fourteenth amendment
Eimann/Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine
Right to publicity
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
17. Newspapers do not have an equal time requirement like broadcast has.
Miami Herald Co. v. Tornillo
Felonies
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
Defenses of libel
18. Recognized first amendment right of privacy for private figures against media.
Rouch 2
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
Kincaid v. Gibson
First amendment
19. Guarantees freedoms of speech - religion - press and assembly.
First amendment
False light
Galella v. Onassis
Clark v. ABC
20. There is a First amendment right of access to trials
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21. Set the standard in MI that negligence is needed to prove libel - as the legislature had not acted.
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
Dendrite v. John Does
Certiorari
Rouch 1
22. Spoken defamation which causes injury to a person's reputation
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Alander
Wilson v. Layne
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
23. NYT actual malice standard does not extend to private figures. However - it's up to the states to determine what a private figure is - and there's a new standard that says you have to prove harm and damages.
Misdemeanor
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Snepp v. United States
Gertz v. Welch
24. A constructive trust is a proper manner of relinquishing the profits of one who abuses a confidential position.
Sixth amendmen
Freedom of Information Act
Felonies
Snepp v. United States
25. If you get the information from outside sources - you can publish it. MCL 750.520k does not constitute an unlawful prior restraint on publication. Rather - the statute directs that the court file be withheld from the public
Evening News Association v. Troy
Qualified privilege
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
Midland Publishing Co v. District Judge
26. (privacy) a. Because of who you are - you have a right to profit from your image b. Endorsements
Shepherd v. Maxwell
New York Times v. Sullivan
Right to publicity
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
27. Lowest court handles: Tickets - civil matter - Misdemeanor - Felonies
Collins v. Detroit Free Press
District Court
Intrusion on physical solitude
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
28. No guarantee of immunity for media ride alongs.
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
Wilson v. Layne
District Court
Doctrine of neutral reportage
29. The media must make sure that permission is acquired in commercial situations.
McCracken v. Evening News Association
Publication of private matters that violate ordinary decency
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
R.O. v. Ithaca City School District
30. Judge has an absolute duty to ensure fair trial rights. Judge must be able to control what's going on in the courtroom.
Shepherd v. Maxwell
District Court
Libel
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
31. Even though university foundations are privately incorporated - they might be subject to comply with FOIA and OMA if the majority of funding comes from the university.
Eric Jackson v. Eastern Michigan University Foundation
Public figure
Bay City Times v. City of Bay City
False light
32. For purposes of divorce - there may be some elements of a public person's private life that make them a private figure.
Public figure
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
WXYZ v. Hand
33. The power of authority of a particular court to hear and adjudicate matters in dispute
Jurisdiction
Gag order
U.S. v. Dickinson
Actual malice
34. Newspaper must have known material falsity - material falsity became standard of proof in Michigan.
Pearson v. Dodd
Nebraska Press Association. v. Stuart
Adjudication
Rouch 2
35. Prevents ISPs from liability except on copyright.
Detroit Free Press v. Macomb Circuit Judge
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
Federated Publications v. MSU Board of Trustees
Dendrite v. John Does
36. If the information is lawfully obtained - the defendant can't be held in contempt of court.
Right to publicity
False light
A.Z. v. Jane Doe
In re Times Publishing Co.
37. A court created device to weed out inadmissible evidence in advance of trial
Food Lion - Inc - v. Capital Cities/ABC
Certiorari
Pretiral hearing
Florida Star v. B.J.F
38. School officials can prohibit students from displaying messages that promote illegal drug use.
State News v. Michigan State University
Amicus curiae
Morse v. Frederick
Midland Publishing Co v. District Judge
39. Only in Massachusetts - you can close a preliminary hearing if the case is a sexual assault case.
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
Private figure
Precedent
Jurisdiction
40. Minor errors do not count as actual malice.
Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court
Time Inc. v. Pape
Richmond Newspapers - Inc. v. Virginia
Felonies
41. Qualified privilege allows newspapers to report on both sides of a story as long as the sources are qualified. Created doctrine of neutral reportage
Edwards v. National Audubon Society
Reporters Committee v. AT&T
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing
Time Inc. v. Pape
42. Broadcasters are immune from liability if political candidates defame someone while under section 315
Booth Newspapers v. City of Kalamazoo
Time Inc. v. Firestone
Time Inc. v. Pape
Farmers Education Cooperative v. WDAY
43. There is liability even if the news organization reports both sides - if the sources are not credible.
6th - cincinnati OH
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
Detroit Free Press v. Recorder's Court Judge
44. Michigan is in ____ district court in ____ -____
Booth Newspaper v. U of M Board of Regents
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co
State News v. Michigan State University
6th - cincinnati OH
45. Statements of opinion that could be perceived as defamation need to be based on reliable evidence.
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co
Appropriation of another's likeness for commercial profit
Branzburg v. Hayes
Curtis Publishing v. Butts and AP v. Walker
46. If a statement 'results in a material change in the meaning conveyed by the statement -' the person who says it can be sued for libel.
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine
Actual malice
Precedent
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
47. Series of pre trail hearings: court created devices to weed out inadmissible evidence prior to trial. Often determine bargaining of prosecution and defendant to come up with plea bargain. Most cases are ended with plea bargain and don't go to trial.
Circuit Court
Morse v. Frederick
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
48. Written defamation which causes injury to another's reputation
Libel
Booth & Ann Arbor News v. EMU Board of Regents
Harte-Hanks Communications - Inc. v. Connaughton
Wilson v. Layne
49. The declaration of a final judgment based on the evidence presented
New York Times v. United States
Adjudication
First amendment
Libel Per Se
50. When you have a private figure plaintiff - even though state standards controls - if it's a matter of public concern - the burden of proof shifts from the defendant who no longer has to prove truth - to the plaintiff who has to prove falsity of what
Houchins v. KQED Inc.
Civil contempt
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps
Morse v. Frederick