Test your basic knowledge |

Journalism Law

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In the case where a party challenges the underlying facts that support a trial court's decision - the appellate court must defer to the trial court's view of the facts.






2. Money damages awarded to the injured party as compensation for a specific loss






3. Minor errors do not count as actual malice.






4. in an invasion of privacy tort - an action which occurs when an individual's expectation of privacy or right to be left alone is breached. EX. A reporter lies about his identity to gain access to information they couldn't under normal conditions.






5. There is a first amendment right of access to the public to cover and attend trials.






6. For the purpose of defamation - a person who does not have regular - continuing access to the media - or on matters of public controversy. These individuals have a lesser burden of proof under most state libel laws.






7. Reporters have no greater rights than any other citizen - there is no reporter shield from grand jury testifying. If you're attempting to harass - then reporters are protected and do not have to testify.






8. A proper search warrant could be applied to a newspaper as well as to anyone else without necessarily violating the First Amendment rights to freedom of the press.






9. A reporter has a qualified privilege to report on controversial matters of public interest using reputable sources.






10. Opinion - privilege - fair comment - truth - constitutional defenses






11. Guarantees freedoms of speech - religion - press and assembly.






12. (Privacy)a. Very close to libel - If you're a public official/figure you have the actual malice rule - Portraying someone in a lie - Truth is a defense - Consent is a defense - Public newsworthy event is okay






13. The First Amendment protection for students does not require a public school to print speech when they can justify their decision by stating an educational purpose.






14. Permission given by SCOTUS to allow a case to be appealed






15. The media must make sure that permission is acquired in commercial situations.






16. Limited decision. Closure of preliminary hearing is unconstitutional in California because they act as mini trials to ensure defendants right to a fair trial. Unique to that state however.






17. Judge has an absolute duty to ensure fair trial rights. Judge must be able to control what's going on in the courtroom.






18. The burden of proof imposed on public officials extends to anyone involved in a matter of public concern - regardless of whether they were famous or unknown.






19. Broadcasters are immune from liability if political candidates defame someone while under section 315






20. First Amendment protects media to report information from official records available in open court.






21. For presidential searches - MI supreme court ruled universities are 4th arm of government - and must conduct search in public.






22. If a statement 'results in a material change in the meaning conveyed by the statement -' the person who says it can be sued for libel.






23. Only in Massachusetts - you can close a preliminary hearing if the case is a sexual assault case.






24. In an invasion of privacy tort - an action that characterizes a person falsely. Often the person is misrepresented by quoting out of context - the careless use of photos or cutlines - or by using a picture from one story as a picture for another.






25. A court created device to weed out inadmissible evidence in advance of trial






26. Friend of the court.






27. Any communication - true or false - which exposes a person to hatred - ridicule or contempt. the person's reputation is harmed or damaged






28. The right to exploit one's name and likeness is personal to the artist and must be exercised - if at all - by him during his lifetime.' This resulted in a loss of inheriting personality rights in California.






29. Civil cases when the amount in dispute is less than $25 -000






30. Reckless disregard for the truth; knowing falsity






31. A court order preventing a person or group from doing or continuing to do a specific act.






32. 3rd party has no obligation to notify media when there's been a government subpoena of phone records. Also includes any form of electronic communication.






33. The Sixth Amendment rights of a defendant outweigh the First Amendment of the press in cases where the press can have prejudicial outcome of the defendant's trial.






34. Michigan statute M.C.L.A. 750.520k violated the First - Fifth - and Fourteenth Amendments






35. Series of pre trail hearings: court created devices to weed out inadmissible evidence prior to trial. Often determine bargaining of prosecution and defendant to come up with plea bargain. Most cases are ended with plea bargain and don't go to trial.






36. A published article must be so inaccurate that it will have more of an effect on the reader than the literal truth would.






37. If you knowingly run ads that advocate criminal activity - you can be held liable. Got off on the first case - but on the second case they should have known better.






38. To claim exemption for investigative records - they must show how disclosure would interfere with proceedings. The burden of proof is on the party claiming exemption.






39. Criminal matters anything less than a year in jail






40. Private members of society are not required by the First Amendment to meet the 'actual malice' standard in order to recover damage.

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41. MI Supreme Court ruled directory information of teachers cannot be disclosed. (home address and phone number)






42. Lowest court handles: Tickets - civil matter - Misdemeanor - Felonies






43. Prevents ISPs from liability except on copyright.






44. If an ongoing - criminal investigation is actively underway - discretion may be used under the exemption claim in FOIA to withhold some documents.






45. Reconfirmed that you cannot censor news media and its coverage unless theirs a clear and present danger.






46. Undercover efforts by news organizations could be prosecuted not for defamation - but possibly for things like breach of duty or loyalty.






47. Under the language of the statute - these media representatives are not subject to an investigative subpoena.






48. The press has no greater constitutional right to access penal facilities than any member of the general public






49. Statements of opinion that could be perceived as defamation need to be based on reliable evidence.






50. Words that may be innocent on face - but facts make story damaging