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Test your basic knowledge |
LSAT Logical Reasoning Question Types
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Subjects
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logic-and-reasoning
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LSAT
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Question says... most strengthens most strongly supports the conclusion allows the conclusion to be properly drawn follows logically if which one of the following is assumed
Strengthen
Finding the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're arguing about.
MAIN POINT: to identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe. FIND the conclusion - if it's explicitly state; if not - the opposite of the conclusion may be stated instead.
To find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion.
2. x responds by responds in which one of the following ways uses which one of the following techniques in countering
Finding the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; you will not be able to predict the correct answer's exact contents - but you should be able to say what it must tell or show.
To identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe.
Describe the indicated part of an argument in terms of its overall logical structure.
ID RESPONSE: in a conversation - describe how a response relates to the first person's argument in the conversation. FIND the conclusion and the premises of both parts of the conversation - then summarizing the relationship between them as specifical
3. Most seriously weakens the argument undermines the conclusion calls into question casts doubt upon conclusion would not follow if overlooks the possibility that
Pertain to one side of the conversation but not the other; rely on implication; answer the wrong question (agree rather than disagree).
ID Response
WEAKEN: to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true FIND the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; strengthen; are trying to weaken but do not attack the conclusion strongly; require extensive explanations to show relevance; attempt to contradict a premise
4. In a 'Principle' - look for choices that...
WEAKEN: to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true FIND the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
Are wishy-washy and say as little as possible; are specific - but not too specific; include stipulations or qualifications; seem to restate passage material.
Always find a general statement that supports the arguments conclusion/judgment; for conform also match the method of reasoning as closely as possible
For justify - support as strongly as possible - even if it goes beyond the argument; for conform - match the method of reasoning used in the argument as closely as possible without going beyond it.
5. In a 'Assumption' - avoid choices that...
To identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe.
Weaken the argument; explain why or how too specifically; are more strongly worded than the argument's conclusion; are not directly relevant to the conclusion
Describe the indicated part of an argument in terms of its overall logical structure.
ID Response
6. In a 'Inference' - analyze and apply by...
Summarizing teh passage; if it seems to lead to a specific conclusion - you should find it before moving on; some may involve a series of related conditional statements that can be diagrammed.
Are too strongly worded; use terms with no clear relationship to passage material; are too specific or demand too much input to be reveland; involve questionable comparisons.
Finding the conclusion - it it's explicitly state; if not - the opposite of the conclusion may be stated instead.
For justify - support as strongly as possible - even if it goes beyond the argument; for conform - match the method of reasoning used in the argument as closely as possible without going beyond it.
7. Principle if established - would most help to justify principle provides the strongest support for the conclusion conforms to which one of the following generalizations reasoning most closely conforms to which one of the following principles
ROLE OF THE STATEMENT:describe the indicated part of an argument in terms of its overall logical structure. FIND the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing which of these two roles the statement plays; if neither - summarizing the relationshi
PRINCIPLE: find a general statement that supports the arguments conclusion/judgment; for conform also match the method of reasoning as closely as possible IDENTIFY the conclusion/judgement in the argument and the premises/situation on which it is bas
Present a sweeping assurance that the conclusion is correct; state assumptions; logically connect pieces of the argument; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is correct; explain why or how the conclusion is correct; support the conclu
EVALUATE: to identify a statement that - if teue - either weakens or strengthens the conclusion and - if false - does the other. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
8. Question says... an assumption on which the argument depends is assumed by the argument is required in order for the conclusion to be properly drawn relies on the fact that
Finding the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing which of these two roles the statement plays; if neither - summarizing the relationship between the statement and the premises and conclusion.
Point at Issue or Agree/Disagree
Assumption
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; strengthen; are trying to weaken but do not attack the conclusion strongly; require extensive explanations to show relevance; attempt to contradict a premise
9. The 12 Argument Types
Strengthen
Assumption - Flaw - Inference - Main Point - Method of Argument - Paradox - Parallel - Points at Issue - Principle - Role - Strengthen - Weaken
Weaken the argument; explain why or how too specifically; are more strongly worded than the argument's conclusion; are not directly relevant to the conclusion
Are worded more strongly than the argument; go beyond the conclusion; are premises of the argument.
10. Most strengthens most strongly supports the conclusion allows the conclusion to be properly drawn follows logically if which one of the following is assumed
Weaken
STRENGTHEN:to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion certain - more likely to be correct. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
Are incapable under any circumstances of matching the judgment made in the conclusion; make reference to items of information not known about the situation presented in the premises; for conform - support the conclusion using a method the argument do
Pertain to one side of the conversation but not the other; rely on implication; answer the wrong question (agree rather than disagree).
11. In a 'Main Point' - analyze and apply by...
Do not match the argument closely; mistakenly identify the conclusion; mistakenly identify a statement as the main conclusion when its only a step in the argument's chain of reasoning.
Finding the conclusion - it it's explicitly state; if not - the opposite of the conclusion may be stated instead.
POINT AT ISSUE: to find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion. FIND the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're
For justify - support as strongly as possible - even if it goes beyond the argument; for conform - match the method of reasoning used in the argument as closely as possible without going beyond it.
12. The argument proceeds by a method of reasoning employed by the argument a technique of reasoning employed by the argument
Pertain to one side of the conversation but not the other; rely on implication; answer the wrong question (agree rather than disagree).
ID REASONING: describe how an argument supports its conclusion. FIND the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing the process used in the argument.
Pertain to what's explicitly stated; are clearly something about which the participants would say 'yes' or 'no'.
Finding the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're arguing about.
13. In a 'Principle' - avoid choices that...
Describe the indicated part of an argument in terms of its overall logical structure.
Finding the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; find the most specific notion of the argument's problem that you can
For justify - support as strongly as possible - even if it goes beyond the argument; for conform - match the method of reasoning used in the argument as closely as possible without going beyond it.
Are incapable under any circumstances of matching the judgment made in the conclusion; make reference to items of information not known about the situation presented in the premises; for conform - support the conclusion using a method the argument do
14. In a 'Role of the Statement' - look for choices that...
ID RESPONSE: in a conversation - describe how a response relates to the first person's argument in the conversation. FIND the conclusion and the premises of both parts of the conversation - then summarizing the relationship between them as specifical
Principle
Match the argument piece by piece; correctly describe the relationship between the indicated statement and the conclusion.
To find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion.
15. In a 'Inference' - look for choices that...
Principle
Weaken the argument; explain why or how too specifically; are more strongly worded than the argument's conclusion; are not directly relevant to the conclusion
Bring the whole argument together; are specific rather than general.
Are wishy-washy and say as little as possible; are specific - but not too specific; include stipulations or qualifications; seem to restate passage material.
16. Question says... must also be true can most properly be concluded most strongly support the inference which of teh following conclusions can be properly drawn
Are worded more strongly than the argument; go beyond the conclusion; are premises of the argument.
Inference
Do not match the argument closely; mistakenly identify the conclusion; mistakenly identify a statement as the main conclusion when its only a step in the argument's chain of reasoning.
STRENGTHEN:to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion certain - more likely to be correct. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
17. In a 'Point at Issue' - look for choices that...
ID Reasoning
Pertain to what's explicitly stated; are clearly something about which the participants would say 'yes' or 'no'.
ID RESPONSE: in a conversation - describe how a response relates to the first person's argument in the conversation. FIND the conclusion and the premises of both parts of the conversation - then summarizing the relationship between them as specifical
Pertain to one side of the conversation but not the other; rely on implication; answer the wrong question (agree rather than disagree).
18. Question says... JUSTIFY:principle if established - would most help to justify principle provides the strongest support for the conclusion CONFORM: conforms to which one of the following generalizations reasoning most closely conforms to which one of
Are too strongly worded; use terms with no clear relationship to passage material; are too specific or demand too much input to be reveland; involve questionable comparisons.
Principle
Are wishy-washy and say as little as possible; are specific - but not too specific; include stipulations or qualifications; seem to restate passage material.
Assumption
19. In a 'Point at Issue' - avoid Choices that...
Pertain to one side of the conversation but not the other; rely on implication; answer the wrong question (agree rather than disagree).
ID RESPONSE: in a conversation - describe how a response relates to the first person's argument in the conversation. FIND the conclusion and the premises of both parts of the conversation - then summarizing the relationship between them as specifical
To find a statement that has to be true in order for the argument's conclusion to be true
Strengthen
20. In a 'Strengthen' - avoid choices that...
ROLE OF THE STATEMENT:describe the indicated part of an argument in terms of its overall logical structure. FIND the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing which of these two roles the statement plays; if neither - summarizing the relationshi
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; weaken; restate premises in different words
Finding the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; find the most specific notion of the argument's problem that you can
Help the conclusion; logically connect pieces of the argument to one another; if false - weaken the conclusion; are weakly worded; eliminate a possible weakness of the argument
21. In a 'Assumption' - analyze and apply by...
Match the argument piece by piece; correctly describe the relationship between the indicated statement and the conclusion.
Finding the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; find the most specific notion of the argument's problem that you can
Identifying the conclusion/judgement in the argument and the premises/situation on which it is based (you will most likely not be able to predict the exact contents of the correct answer)
To identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe.
22. In a 'Strengthen' - analyze and apply by...
Finding the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; you will not be able to predict the correct answer's exact contents - but you should be able to say what it must tell or show.
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; weaken; restate premises in different words
Strengthen
POINT AT ISSUE: to find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion. FIND the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're
23. In a 'Assumption' - look for choices that...
Are worded more strongly than the argument; go beyond the conclusion; are premises of the argument.
Help the conclusion; logically connect pieces of the argument to one another; if false - weaken the conclusion; are weakly worded; eliminate a possible weakness of the argument
Assumption - Flaw - Inference - Main Point - Method of Argument - Paradox - Parallel - Points at Issue - Principle - Role - Strengthen - Weaken
To find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion certain - more likely to be correct - or at the very least - less likely to be incorrect
24. In a 'Weaken' - analyze and apply by...
Principle
Finding the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; you will not be able to predict the correct answer's exact contents - but you should be able to say what it must tell or show
Bring the whole argument together; are specific rather than general.
Finding the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're arguing about.
25. Question says... The main point is the main conclusion is the argument leads to the conclusion that statements commit X to the position that
POINT AT ISSUE: to find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion. FIND the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're
EVALUATE: to identify a statement that - if teue - either weakens or strengthens the conclusion and - if false - does the other. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
To find a statement that has to be true on the basis of passage information; note that these passages are often not arguments.
Main point or conclusion
26. In a 'Role of the Statement' - analyze and apply by...
Summarizing teh passage; if it seems to lead to a specific conclusion - you should find it before moving on; some may involve a series of related conditional statements that can be diagrammed.
Finding the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing which of these two roles the statement plays; if neither - summarizing the relationship between the statement and the premises and conclusion.
ID RESPONSE: in a conversation - describe how a response relates to the first person's argument in the conversation. FIND the conclusion and the premises of both parts of the conversation - then summarizing the relationship between them as specifical
Main point or conclusion
27. In a 'Weaken' - look for choices that...
Strongly attack the conclusion; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is incorrect; present a sweeping contradiction of the conclusion; present a possibility the argument overlooks.
To identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe.
Pertain to what's explicitly stated; are clearly something about which the participants would say 'yes' or 'no'.
Principle
28. The 'Role of the Statement' task is to...
For justify - support as strongly as possible - even if it goes beyond the argument; for conform - match the method of reasoning used in the argument as closely as possible without going beyond it.
Finding the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're arguing about.
Describe the indicated part of an argument in terms of its overall logical structure.
ID Response
29. In a 'Main Point' - avoid Choices that...
POINT AT ISSUE: to find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion. FIND the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're
Are worded more strongly than the argument; go beyond the conclusion; are premises of the argument.
Finding the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; you will not be able to predict the correct answer's exact contents - but you should be able to say what it must tell or show
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; strengthen; are trying to weaken but do not attack the conclusion strongly; require extensive explanations to show relevance; attempt to contradict a premise
30. The 'Strengthen' task is...
Strongly attack the conclusion; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is incorrect; present a sweeping contradiction of the conclusion; present a possibility the argument overlooks.
To find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion certain - more likely to be correct - or at the very least - less likely to be incorrect
ID REASONING: describe how an argument supports its conclusion. FIND the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing the process used in the argument.
WEAKEN: to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true FIND the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
31. The role of the statement X in this argument is the statement X figures in the argument in which one of the following ways
POINT AT ISSUE: to find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion. FIND the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're
ROLE OF THE STATEMENT:describe the indicated part of an argument in terms of its overall logical structure. FIND the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing which of these two roles the statement plays; if neither - summarizing the relationshi
Present a sweeping assurance that the conclusion is correct; state assumptions; logically connect pieces of the argument; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is correct; explain why or how the conclusion is correct; support the conclu
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; weaken; restate premises in different words
32. The 'Inference' task is...
Inference
Bring the whole argument together; are specific rather than general.
To find a statement that has to be true on the basis of passage information; note that these passages are often not arguments.
Weaken the argument; explain why or how too specifically; are more strongly worded than the argument's conclusion; are not directly relevant to the conclusion
33. The 'Assumption' task is...
Inference
To find a statement that has to be true in order for the argument's conclusion to be true
Find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true
Do not match the argument closely; mistakenly identify the conclusion; mistakenly identify a statement as the main conclusion when its only a step in the argument's chain of reasoning.
34. The 'Point at Issue' task is...
Find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true
To find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion.
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; weaken; restate premises in different words
Point at Issue or Agree/Disagree
35. The 'Weaken' task is...
ID Reasoning
ID Response
ID REASONING: describe how an argument supports its conclusion. FIND the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing the process used in the argument.
Find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true
36. The main point at issue is An issue in dispute is Are committed to disagreeing about Expresses a point of agreement
Are wishy-washy and say as little as possible; are specific - but not too specific; include stipulations or qualifications; seem to restate passage material.
Assumption - Flaw - Inference - Main Point - Method of Argument - Paradox - Parallel - Points at Issue - Principle - Role - Strengthen - Weaken
POINT AT ISSUE: to find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion. FIND the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're
To find a statement that has to be true in order for the argument's conclusion to be true
37. In a 'Principle' - analyze and apply by...
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; weaken; restate premises in different words
Identifying the conclusion/judgement in the argument and the premises/situation on which it is based (you will most likely not be able to predict the exact contents of the correct answer)
For justify - support as strongly as possible - even if it goes beyond the argument; for conform - match the method of reasoning used in the argument as closely as possible without going beyond it.
Main point or conclusion
38. Would be most useful to know in evaluating the argument the answer to which one of the following questions would contribute to an evaluation in evaluating the argument - it would be most useful to know whether
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; weaken; restate premises in different words
Are too strongly worded; use terms with no clear relationship to passage material; are too specific or demand too much input to be reveland; involve questionable comparisons.
EVALUATE: to identify a statement that - if teue - either weakens or strengthens the conclusion and - if false - does the other. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
Are wishy-washy and say as little as possible; are specific - but not too specific; include stipulations or qualifications; seem to restate passage material.
39. An assumption on which the argument depends is assumed by the argument is required in order for the conclusion to be properly drawn relies on the fact that
Find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true
Weaken
ASSUMPTION:to find a statement that has to be true in order for the argument's conclusion to be true FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; find the most specific notion of the argument's problem that you can
Weaken the argument; explain why or how too specifically; are more strongly worded than the argument's conclusion; are not directly relevant to the conclusion
40. Question says... the role of the statement X in this argument is the statement X figures in the argument in which one of the following ways
Role of the Statement
EVALUATE: to identify a statement that - if teue - either weakens or strengthens the conclusion and - if false - does the other. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
Summarizing teh passage; if it seems to lead to a specific conclusion - you should find it before moving on; some may involve a series of related conditional statements that can be diagrammed.
Strengthen
41. In a 'Strengthen' - look for choices that...
Are wishy-washy and say as little as possible; are specific - but not too specific; include stipulations or qualifications; seem to restate passage material.
To find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion certain - more likely to be correct - or at the very least - less likely to be incorrect
Finding the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; you will not be able to predict the correct answer's exact contents - but you should be able to say what it must tell or show.
Present a sweeping assurance that the conclusion is correct; state assumptions; logically connect pieces of the argument; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is correct; explain why or how the conclusion is correct; support the conclu
42. The main point is the main conclusion is the argument leads to the conclusion that statements commit X to the position that
Weaken
MAIN POINT: to identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe. FIND the conclusion - if it's explicitly state; if not - the opposite of the conclusion may be stated instead.
To find a statement that has to be true in order for the argument's conclusion to be true
Assumption - Flaw - Inference - Main Point - Method of Argument - Paradox - Parallel - Points at Issue - Principle - Role - Strengthen - Weaken
43. In a 'Main Point' - look for choices that...
Principle
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; weaken; restate premises in different words
Assumption
Bring the whole argument together; are specific rather than general.
44. The 'Principle' task is...
Always find a general statement that supports the arguments conclusion/judgment; for conform also match the method of reasoning as closely as possible
ID Response
Present a sweeping assurance that the conclusion is correct; state assumptions; logically connect pieces of the argument; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is correct; explain why or how the conclusion is correct; support the conclu
To identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe.
45. Question says... the main point at issue is An issue in dispute is Are committed to disagreeing about Expresses a point of agreement
To find a statement that has to be true in order for the argument's conclusion to be true
Assumption
Point at Issue or Agree/Disagree
ID REASONING: describe how an argument supports its conclusion. FIND the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing the process used in the argument.
46. The 'Main Point' task is...
Principle
STRENGTHEN:to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion certain - more likely to be correct. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
Do not match the argument closely; mistakenly identify the conclusion; mistakenly identify a statement as the main conclusion when its only a step in the argument's chain of reasoning.
To identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe.
47. In a 'Point at Issue' - analyze and apply by...
Finding the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're arguing about.
Are too strongly worded; use terms with no clear relationship to passage material; are too specific or demand too much input to be reveland; involve questionable comparisons.
Strengthen
POINT AT ISSUE: to find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion. FIND the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're
48. Question says... x responds by responds in which one of the following ways uses which one of the following techniques in countering
ID Response
To find a statement that has to be true in order for the argument's conclusion to be true
Main point or conclusion
Finding the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing which of these two roles the statement plays; if neither - summarizing the relationship between the statement and the premises and conclusion.
49. Question says... the argument proceeds by a method of reasoning employed by the argument a technique of reasoning employed by the argument
Weaken the argument; explain why or how too specifically; are more strongly worded than the argument's conclusion; are not directly relevant to the conclusion
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; strengthen; are trying to weaken but do not attack the conclusion strongly; require extensive explanations to show relevance; attempt to contradict a premise
ID Reasoning
Strengthen
50. Question says... most seriously weakens the argument undermines the conclusion calls into question casts doubt upon conclusion would not follow if overlooks the possibility that
Role of the Statement
Weaken
Are too strongly worded; use terms with no clear relationship to passage material; are too specific or demand too much input to be reveland; involve questionable comparisons.
Point at Issue or Agree/Disagree
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