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LSAT Logical Reasoning Question Types

Subjects : logic-and-reasoning, LSAT

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. x responds by responds in which one of the following ways uses which one of the following techniques in countering

2. In a 'Inference' - analyze and apply by...
ID Reasoning
Finding the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; find the most specific notion of the argument's problem that you can
Summarizing teh passage; if it seems to lead to a specific conclusion - you should find it before moving on; some may involve a series of related conditional statements that can be diagrammed.
Weaken the argument; explain why or how too specifically; are more strongly worded than the argument's conclusion; are not directly relevant to the conclusion

3. Most seriously weakens the argument undermines the conclusion calls into question casts doubt upon conclusion would not follow if overlooks the possibility that
Strengthen
Summarizing teh passage; if it seems to lead to a specific conclusion - you should find it before moving on; some may involve a series of related conditional statements that can be diagrammed.
WEAKEN: to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true FIND the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
Main point or conclusion

4. Question says... x responds by responds in which one of the following ways uses which one of the following techniques in countering
Pertain to what's explicitly stated; are clearly something about which the participants would say 'yes' or 'no'.
ID Response
Do not match the argument closely; mistakenly identify the conclusion; mistakenly identify a statement as the main conclusion when its only a step in the argument's chain of reasoning.
POINT AT ISSUE: to find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion. FIND the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're

5. In a 'Weaken' - analyze and apply by...

6. In a 'Principle' - look for choices that...
WEAKEN: to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true FIND the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
Are worded more strongly than the argument; go beyond the conclusion; are premises of the argument.
Find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true
For justify - support as strongly as possible - even if it goes beyond the argument; for conform - match the method of reasoning used in the argument as closely as possible without going beyond it.

7. Question says... the main point at issue is An issue in dispute is Are committed to disagreeing about Expresses a point of agreement
ID Response
Point at Issue or Agree/Disagree
Finding the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're arguing about.
Main point or conclusion

8. The main point is the main conclusion is the argument leads to the conclusion that statements commit X to the position that

9. In a 'Principle' - avoid choices that...
Are incapable under any circumstances of matching the judgment made in the conclusion; make reference to items of information not known about the situation presented in the premises; for conform - support the conclusion using a method the argument do
Match the argument piece by piece; correctly describe the relationship between the indicated statement and the conclusion.
EVALUATE: to identify a statement that - if teue - either weakens or strengthens the conclusion and - if false - does the other. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
For justify - support as strongly as possible - even if it goes beyond the argument; for conform - match the method of reasoning used in the argument as closely as possible without going beyond it.

10. In a 'Inference' - avoid choices that...
Are too strongly worded; use terms with no clear relationship to passage material; are too specific or demand too much input to be reveland; involve questionable comparisons.
Do not match the argument closely; mistakenly identify the conclusion; mistakenly identify a statement as the main conclusion when its only a step in the argument's chain of reasoning.
Main point or conclusion
WEAKEN: to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true FIND the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;

11. The 'Strengthen' task is...
ID Response
WEAKEN: to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true FIND the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
To find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion certain - more likely to be correct - or at the very least - less likely to be incorrect
MAIN POINT: to identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe. FIND the conclusion - if it's explicitly state; if not - the opposite of the conclusion may be stated instead.

12. Would be most useful to know in evaluating the argument the answer to which one of the following questions would contribute to an evaluation in evaluating the argument - it would be most useful to know whether
To find a statement that has to be true on the basis of passage information; note that these passages are often not arguments.
To identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe.
Identifying the conclusion/judgement in the argument and the premises/situation on which it is based (you will most likely not be able to predict the exact contents of the correct answer)
EVALUATE: to identify a statement that - if teue - either weakens or strengthens the conclusion and - if false - does the other. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;

13. The argument proceeds by a method of reasoning employed by the argument a technique of reasoning employed by the argument
ID REASONING: describe how an argument supports its conclusion. FIND the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing the process used in the argument.
Point at Issue or Agree/Disagree
Assumption
Are worded more strongly than the argument; go beyond the conclusion; are premises of the argument.

14. An assumption on which the argument depends is assumed by the argument is required in order for the conclusion to be properly drawn relies on the fact that

15. In a 'Weaken' - look for choices that...
Present a sweeping assurance that the conclusion is correct; state assumptions; logically connect pieces of the argument; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is correct; explain why or how the conclusion is correct; support the conclu
EVALUATE: to identify a statement that - if teue - either weakens or strengthens the conclusion and - if false - does the other. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
Strongly attack the conclusion; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is incorrect; present a sweeping contradiction of the conclusion; present a possibility the argument overlooks.
Match the argument piece by piece; correctly describe the relationship between the indicated statement and the conclusion.

16. In a 'Assumption' - look for choices that...
Role of the Statement
For justify - support as strongly as possible - even if it goes beyond the argument; for conform - match the method of reasoning used in the argument as closely as possible without going beyond it.
Help the conclusion; logically connect pieces of the argument to one another; if false - weaken the conclusion; are weakly worded; eliminate a possible weakness of the argument
Main point or conclusion

17. In a 'Strengthen' - analyze and apply by...

18. In a 'Strengthen' - look for choices that...
Role of the Statement
Inference
Present a sweeping assurance that the conclusion is correct; state assumptions; logically connect pieces of the argument; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is correct; explain why or how the conclusion is correct; support the conclu
Finding the conclusion - it it's explicitly state; if not - the opposite of the conclusion may be stated instead.

19. In a 'Weaken' - avoid choices that...
Present a sweeping assurance that the conclusion is correct; state assumptions; logically connect pieces of the argument; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is correct; explain why or how the conclusion is correct; support the conclu
ASSUMPTION:to find a statement that has to be true in order for the argument's conclusion to be true FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; find the most specific notion of the argument's problem that you can
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; strengthen; are trying to weaken but do not attack the conclusion strongly; require extensive explanations to show relevance; attempt to contradict a premise
Assumption

20. The main point at issue is An issue in dispute is Are committed to disagreeing about Expresses a point of agreement

21. The 'Inference' task is...
To find a statement that has to be true on the basis of passage information; note that these passages are often not arguments.
Assumption
Finding the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; you will not be able to predict the correct answer's exact contents - but you should be able to say what it must tell or show
Summarizing teh passage; if it seems to lead to a specific conclusion - you should find it before moving on; some may involve a series of related conditional statements that can be diagrammed.

22. In a 'Role of the Statement' - analyze and apply by...
ID Response
Point at Issue or Agree/Disagree
Summarizing teh passage; if it seems to lead to a specific conclusion - you should find it before moving on; some may involve a series of related conditional statements that can be diagrammed.
Finding the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing which of these two roles the statement plays; if neither - summarizing the relationship between the statement and the premises and conclusion.

23. In a 'Role of the Statement' - avoid choices that...

24. Question says... an assumption on which the argument depends is assumed by the argument is required in order for the conclusion to be properly drawn relies on the fact that
For justify - support as strongly as possible - even if it goes beyond the argument; for conform - match the method of reasoning used in the argument as closely as possible without going beyond it.
Match the argument piece by piece; correctly describe the relationship between the indicated statement and the conclusion.
Assumption
Principle

25. Question says... JUSTIFY:principle if established - would most help to justify principle provides the strongest support for the conclusion CONFORM: conforms to which one of the following generalizations reasoning most closely conforms to which one of
For justify - support as strongly as possible - even if it goes beyond the argument; for conform - match the method of reasoning used in the argument as closely as possible without going beyond it.
Finding the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're arguing about.
Principle
ID RESPONSE: in a conversation - describe how a response relates to the first person's argument in the conversation. FIND the conclusion and the premises of both parts of the conversation - then summarizing the relationship between them as specifical

26. Question says... must also be true can most properly be concluded most strongly support the inference which of teh following conclusions can be properly drawn
Are incapable under any circumstances of matching the judgment made in the conclusion; make reference to items of information not known about the situation presented in the premises; for conform - support the conclusion using a method the argument do
Inference
Are worded more strongly than the argument; go beyond the conclusion; are premises of the argument.
ASSUMPTION:to find a statement that has to be true in order for the argument's conclusion to be true FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; find the most specific notion of the argument's problem that you can

27. In a 'Point at Issue' - analyze and apply by...

28. In a 'Assumption' - analyze and apply by...

29. Question says... The main point is the main conclusion is the argument leads to the conclusion that statements commit X to the position that
Main point or conclusion
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; strengthen; are trying to weaken but do not attack the conclusion strongly; require extensive explanations to show relevance; attempt to contradict a premise
Role of the Statement
WEAKEN: to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true FIND the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;

30. In a 'Strengthen' - avoid choices that...
Finding the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; you will not be able to predict the correct answer's exact contents - but you should be able to say what it must tell or show
ID Response
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; weaken; restate premises in different words
To find a statement that has to be true on the basis of passage information; note that these passages are often not arguments.

31. In a 'Inference' - look for choices that...
Strengthen
Strongly attack the conclusion; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is incorrect; present a sweeping contradiction of the conclusion; present a possibility the argument overlooks.
Principle
Are wishy-washy and say as little as possible; are specific - but not too specific; include stipulations or qualifications; seem to restate passage material.

32. Question says... most seriously weakens the argument undermines the conclusion calls into question casts doubt upon conclusion would not follow if overlooks the possibility that
Are incapable under any circumstances of matching the judgment made in the conclusion; make reference to items of information not known about the situation presented in the premises; for conform - support the conclusion using a method the argument do
Weaken
Are wishy-washy and say as little as possible; are specific - but not too specific; include stipulations or qualifications; seem to restate passage material.
Find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true

33. The role of the statement X in this argument is the statement X figures in the argument in which one of the following ways
ROLE OF THE STATEMENT:describe the indicated part of an argument in terms of its overall logical structure. FIND the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing which of these two roles the statement plays; if neither - summarizing the relationshi
To identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe.
Role of the Statement
Are too strongly worded; use terms with no clear relationship to passage material; are too specific or demand too much input to be reveland; involve questionable comparisons.

34. Most strengthens most strongly supports the conclusion allows the conclusion to be properly drawn follows logically if which one of the following is assumed
STRENGTHEN:to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion certain - more likely to be correct. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
Finding the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; you will not be able to predict the correct answer's exact contents - but you should be able to say what it must tell or show.
Match the argument piece by piece; correctly describe the relationship between the indicated statement and the conclusion.
Strengthen

35. The 'Assumption' task is...

36. In a 'Main Point' - analyze and apply by...

37. In a 'Point at Issue' - look for choices that...

38. The 'Weaken' task is...
Bring the whole argument together; are specific rather than general.
To find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion.
Find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true
ID RESPONSE: in a conversation - describe how a response relates to the first person's argument in the conversation. FIND the conclusion and the premises of both parts of the conversation - then summarizing the relationship between them as specifical

39. Question says... the role of the statement X in this argument is the statement X figures in the argument in which one of the following ways
WEAKEN: to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true FIND the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
Match the argument piece by piece; correctly describe the relationship between the indicated statement and the conclusion.
Present a sweeping assurance that the conclusion is correct; state assumptions; logically connect pieces of the argument; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is correct; explain why or how the conclusion is correct; support the conclu
Role of the Statement

40. The 'Principle' task is...
WEAKEN: to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true FIND the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
EVALUATE: to identify a statement that - if teue - either weakens or strengthens the conclusion and - if false - does the other. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
Find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true
Always find a general statement that supports the arguments conclusion/judgment; for conform also match the method of reasoning as closely as possible

41. In a 'Main Point' - look for choices that...
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; weaken; restate premises in different words
Main point or conclusion
Strongly attack the conclusion; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is incorrect; present a sweeping contradiction of the conclusion; present a possibility the argument overlooks.
Bring the whole argument together; are specific rather than general.

42. In a 'Assumption' - avoid choices that...

43. The 'Main Point' task is...

44. In a 'Point at Issue' - avoid Choices that...
ID Response
Describe the indicated part of an argument in terms of its overall logical structure.
Assumption
Pertain to one side of the conversation but not the other; rely on implication; answer the wrong question (agree rather than disagree).

45. In a 'Principle' - analyze and apply by...
Finding the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing which of these two roles the statement plays; if neither - summarizing the relationship between the statement and the premises and conclusion.
Are wishy-washy and say as little as possible; are specific - but not too specific; include stipulations or qualifications; seem to restate passage material.
Main point or conclusion
Identifying the conclusion/judgement in the argument and the premises/situation on which it is based (you will most likely not be able to predict the exact contents of the correct answer)

46. Question says... most strengthens most strongly supports the conclusion allows the conclusion to be properly drawn follows logically if which one of the following is assumed
Strengthen
Main point or conclusion
ID Response
Finding the conclusion - it it's explicitly state; if not - the opposite of the conclusion may be stated instead.

47. Question says... the argument proceeds by a method of reasoning employed by the argument a technique of reasoning employed by the argument
ID Reasoning
Weaken
Strengthen
Bring the whole argument together; are specific rather than general.

48. The 'Role of the Statement' task is to...
Describe the indicated part of an argument in terms of its overall logical structure.
Bring the whole argument together; are specific rather than general.
To find a statement that has to be true on the basis of passage information; note that these passages are often not arguments.
To find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion certain - more likely to be correct - or at the very least - less likely to be incorrect

49. Principle if established - would most help to justify principle provides the strongest support for the conclusion conforms to which one of the following generalizations reasoning most closely conforms to which one of the following principles
PRINCIPLE: find a general statement that supports the arguments conclusion/judgment; for conform also match the method of reasoning as closely as possible IDENTIFY the conclusion/judgement in the argument and the premises/situation on which it is bas
EVALUATE: to identify a statement that - if teue - either weakens or strengthens the conclusion and - if false - does the other. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
POINT AT ISSUE: to find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion. FIND the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're
Bring the whole argument together; are specific rather than general.

50. The 12 Argument Types
ID Response
Point at Issue or Agree/Disagree
Assumption - Flaw - Inference - Main Point - Method of Argument - Paradox - Parallel - Points at Issue - Principle - Role - Strengthen - Weaken
Strongly attack the conclusion; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is incorrect; present a sweeping contradiction of the conclusion; present a possibility the argument overlooks.