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LSAT Logical Reasoning Question Types

Subjects : logic-and-reasoning, LSAT

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In a 'Point at Issue' - analyze and apply by...

2. In a 'Inference' - analyze and apply by...
Summarizing teh passage; if it seems to lead to a specific conclusion - you should find it before moving on; some may involve a series of related conditional statements that can be diagrammed.
PRINCIPLE: find a general statement that supports the arguments conclusion/judgment; for conform also match the method of reasoning as closely as possible IDENTIFY the conclusion/judgement in the argument and the premises/situation on which it is bas
Are wishy-washy and say as little as possible; are specific - but not too specific; include stipulations or qualifications; seem to restate passage material.
STRENGTHEN:to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion certain - more likely to be correct. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;

3. x responds by responds in which one of the following ways uses which one of the following techniques in countering

4. The 'Assumption' task is...

5. In a 'Weaken' - look for choices that...
Point at Issue or Agree/Disagree
Strongly attack the conclusion; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is incorrect; present a sweeping contradiction of the conclusion; present a possibility the argument overlooks.
ID Reasoning
PRINCIPLE: find a general statement that supports the arguments conclusion/judgment; for conform also match the method of reasoning as closely as possible IDENTIFY the conclusion/judgement in the argument and the premises/situation on which it is bas

6. In a 'Weaken' - avoid choices that...
Pertain to what's explicitly stated; are clearly something about which the participants would say 'yes' or 'no'.
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; strengthen; are trying to weaken but do not attack the conclusion strongly; require extensive explanations to show relevance; attempt to contradict a premise
PRINCIPLE: find a general statement that supports the arguments conclusion/judgment; for conform also match the method of reasoning as closely as possible IDENTIFY the conclusion/judgement in the argument and the premises/situation on which it is bas
Finding the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're arguing about.

7. Most strengthens most strongly supports the conclusion allows the conclusion to be properly drawn follows logically if which one of the following is assumed
For justify - support as strongly as possible - even if it goes beyond the argument; for conform - match the method of reasoning used in the argument as closely as possible without going beyond it.
Match the argument piece by piece; correctly describe the relationship between the indicated statement and the conclusion.
Identifying the conclusion/judgement in the argument and the premises/situation on which it is based (you will most likely not be able to predict the exact contents of the correct answer)
STRENGTHEN:to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion certain - more likely to be correct. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;

8. In a 'Assumption' - analyze and apply by...

9. In a 'Role of the Statement' - avoid choices that...

10. In a 'Point at Issue' - look for choices that...

11. The 'Strengthen' task is...
Are wishy-washy and say as little as possible; are specific - but not too specific; include stipulations or qualifications; seem to restate passage material.
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; strengthen; are trying to weaken but do not attack the conclusion strongly; require extensive explanations to show relevance; attempt to contradict a premise
To find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion certain - more likely to be correct - or at the very least - less likely to be incorrect
Finding the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; you will not be able to predict the correct answer's exact contents - but you should be able to say what it must tell or show

12. In a 'Role of the Statement' - look for choices that...
STRENGTHEN:to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion certain - more likely to be correct. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
Role of the Statement
Match the argument piece by piece; correctly describe the relationship between the indicated statement and the conclusion.
Finding the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; you will not be able to predict the correct answer's exact contents - but you should be able to say what it must tell or show.

13. The 'Role of the Statement' task is to...
Strongly attack the conclusion; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is incorrect; present a sweeping contradiction of the conclusion; present a possibility the argument overlooks.
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; weaken; restate premises in different words
Describe the indicated part of an argument in terms of its overall logical structure.
Weaken

14. In a 'Point at Issue' - avoid Choices that...
Pertain to one side of the conversation but not the other; rely on implication; answer the wrong question (agree rather than disagree).
To find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion certain - more likely to be correct - or at the very least - less likely to be incorrect
For justify - support as strongly as possible - even if it goes beyond the argument; for conform - match the method of reasoning used in the argument as closely as possible without going beyond it.
ASSUMPTION:to find a statement that has to be true in order for the argument's conclusion to be true FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; find the most specific notion of the argument's problem that you can

15. In a 'Main Point' - analyze and apply by...

16. Question says... the argument proceeds by a method of reasoning employed by the argument a technique of reasoning employed by the argument
ID Reasoning
To find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion.
ID Response
Inference

17. Question says... The main point is the main conclusion is the argument leads to the conclusion that statements commit X to the position that
To find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion certain - more likely to be correct - or at the very least - less likely to be incorrect
To find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion.
PRINCIPLE: find a general statement that supports the arguments conclusion/judgment; for conform also match the method of reasoning as closely as possible IDENTIFY the conclusion/judgement in the argument and the premises/situation on which it is bas
Main point or conclusion

18. Question says... the role of the statement X in this argument is the statement X figures in the argument in which one of the following ways
To find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion.
PRINCIPLE: find a general statement that supports the arguments conclusion/judgment; for conform also match the method of reasoning as closely as possible IDENTIFY the conclusion/judgement in the argument and the premises/situation on which it is bas
Do not match the argument closely; mistakenly identify the conclusion; mistakenly identify a statement as the main conclusion when its only a step in the argument's chain of reasoning.
Role of the Statement

19. Question says... most seriously weakens the argument undermines the conclusion calls into question casts doubt upon conclusion would not follow if overlooks the possibility that
Inference
Weaken
Find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true
Finding the conclusion - it it's explicitly state; if not - the opposite of the conclusion may be stated instead.

20. In a 'Strengthen' - look for choices that...
Present a sweeping assurance that the conclusion is correct; state assumptions; logically connect pieces of the argument; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is correct; explain why or how the conclusion is correct; support the conclu
Assumption - Flaw - Inference - Main Point - Method of Argument - Paradox - Parallel - Points at Issue - Principle - Role - Strengthen - Weaken
To find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion certain - more likely to be correct - or at the very least - less likely to be incorrect
ID REASONING: describe how an argument supports its conclusion. FIND the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing the process used in the argument.

21. Question says... JUSTIFY:principle if established - would most help to justify principle provides the strongest support for the conclusion CONFORM: conforms to which one of the following generalizations reasoning most closely conforms to which one of
Main point or conclusion
Principle
Finding the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing which of these two roles the statement plays; if neither - summarizing the relationship between the statement and the premises and conclusion.
Finding the conclusion - it it's explicitly state; if not - the opposite of the conclusion may be stated instead.

22. The role of the statement X in this argument is the statement X figures in the argument in which one of the following ways
ROLE OF THE STATEMENT:describe the indicated part of an argument in terms of its overall logical structure. FIND the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing which of these two roles the statement plays; if neither - summarizing the relationshi
Principle
Role of the Statement
MAIN POINT: to identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe. FIND the conclusion - if it's explicitly state; if not - the opposite of the conclusion may be stated instead.

23. In a 'Weaken' - analyze and apply by...

24. In a 'Assumption' - look for choices that...
Assumption
Help the conclusion; logically connect pieces of the argument to one another; if false - weaken the conclusion; are weakly worded; eliminate a possible weakness of the argument
Principle
Strongly attack the conclusion; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is incorrect; present a sweeping contradiction of the conclusion; present a possibility the argument overlooks.

25. The 'Inference' task is...
Finding the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; you will not be able to predict the correct answer's exact contents - but you should be able to say what it must tell or show.
Finding the conclusion - it it's explicitly state; if not - the opposite of the conclusion may be stated instead.
Assumption - Flaw - Inference - Main Point - Method of Argument - Paradox - Parallel - Points at Issue - Principle - Role - Strengthen - Weaken
To find a statement that has to be true on the basis of passage information; note that these passages are often not arguments.

26. The main point at issue is An issue in dispute is Are committed to disagreeing about Expresses a point of agreement

27. In a 'Principle' - avoid choices that...
To identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe.
Are incapable under any circumstances of matching the judgment made in the conclusion; make reference to items of information not known about the situation presented in the premises; for conform - support the conclusion using a method the argument do
For justify - support as strongly as possible - even if it goes beyond the argument; for conform - match the method of reasoning used in the argument as closely as possible without going beyond it.
Finding the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; you will not be able to predict the correct answer's exact contents - but you should be able to say what it must tell or show.

28. In a 'Inference' - avoid choices that...
Finding the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; you will not be able to predict the correct answer's exact contents - but you should be able to say what it must tell or show.
Bring the whole argument together; are specific rather than general.
Are too strongly worded; use terms with no clear relationship to passage material; are too specific or demand too much input to be reveland; involve questionable comparisons.
ID Response

29. In a 'Role of the Statement' - analyze and apply by...
Finding the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing which of these two roles the statement plays; if neither - summarizing the relationship between the statement and the premises and conclusion.
Match the argument piece by piece; correctly describe the relationship between the indicated statement and the conclusion.
MAIN POINT: to identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe. FIND the conclusion - if it's explicitly state; if not - the opposite of the conclusion may be stated instead.
Main point or conclusion

30. In a 'Main Point' - look for choices that...
Bring the whole argument together; are specific rather than general.
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; weaken; restate premises in different words
EVALUATE: to identify a statement that - if teue - either weakens or strengthens the conclusion and - if false - does the other. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
Strongly attack the conclusion; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is incorrect; present a sweeping contradiction of the conclusion; present a possibility the argument overlooks.

31. In a 'Assumption' - avoid choices that...

32. Most seriously weakens the argument undermines the conclusion calls into question casts doubt upon conclusion would not follow if overlooks the possibility that
Always find a general statement that supports the arguments conclusion/judgment; for conform also match the method of reasoning as closely as possible
Assumption - Flaw - Inference - Main Point - Method of Argument - Paradox - Parallel - Points at Issue - Principle - Role - Strengthen - Weaken
PRINCIPLE: find a general statement that supports the arguments conclusion/judgment; for conform also match the method of reasoning as closely as possible IDENTIFY the conclusion/judgement in the argument and the premises/situation on which it is bas
WEAKEN: to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true FIND the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;

33. In a 'Strengthen' - analyze and apply by...

34. Question says... the main point at issue is An issue in dispute is Are committed to disagreeing about Expresses a point of agreement
POINT AT ISSUE: to find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion. FIND the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; strengthen; are trying to weaken but do not attack the conclusion strongly; require extensive explanations to show relevance; attempt to contradict a premise
Assumption
Point at Issue or Agree/Disagree

35. Question says... x responds by responds in which one of the following ways uses which one of the following techniques in countering
Finding the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; you will not be able to predict the correct answer's exact contents - but you should be able to say what it must tell or show
ID Response
Match the argument piece by piece; correctly describe the relationship between the indicated statement and the conclusion.
Finding the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; you will not be able to predict the correct answer's exact contents - but you should be able to say what it must tell or show.

36. The 12 Argument Types
Bring the whole argument together; are specific rather than general.
Finding the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; you will not be able to predict the correct answer's exact contents - but you should be able to say what it must tell or show
Inference
Assumption - Flaw - Inference - Main Point - Method of Argument - Paradox - Parallel - Points at Issue - Principle - Role - Strengthen - Weaken

37. In a 'Strengthen' - avoid choices that...
EVALUATE: to identify a statement that - if teue - either weakens or strengthens the conclusion and - if false - does the other. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
Present a sweeping assurance that the conclusion is correct; state assumptions; logically connect pieces of the argument; present a specific instance in which the conclusion is correct; explain why or how the conclusion is correct; support the conclu
MAIN POINT: to identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe. FIND the conclusion - if it's explicitly state; if not - the opposite of the conclusion may be stated instead.
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; weaken; restate premises in different words

38. In a 'Main Point' - avoid Choices that...
Are worded more strongly than the argument; go beyond the conclusion; are premises of the argument.
Always find a general statement that supports the arguments conclusion/judgment; for conform also match the method of reasoning as closely as possible
WEAKEN: to find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true FIND the concludion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;
ASSUMPTION:to find a statement that has to be true in order for the argument's conclusion to be true FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; find the most specific notion of the argument's problem that you can

39. In a 'Principle' - analyze and apply by...
ID Reasoning
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; strengthen; are trying to weaken but do not attack the conclusion strongly; require extensive explanations to show relevance; attempt to contradict a premise
Identifying the conclusion/judgement in the argument and the premises/situation on which it is based (you will most likely not be able to predict the exact contents of the correct answer)
ID REASONING: describe how an argument supports its conclusion. FIND the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing the process used in the argument.

40. Question says... most strengthens most strongly supports the conclusion allows the conclusion to be properly drawn follows logically if which one of the following is assumed
Weaken the argument; explain why or how too specifically; are more strongly worded than the argument's conclusion; are not directly relevant to the conclusion
Strengthen
Pertain to what's explicitly stated; are clearly something about which the participants would say 'yes' or 'no'.
Point at Issue or Agree/Disagree

41. In a 'Principle' - look for choices that...
For justify - support as strongly as possible - even if it goes beyond the argument; for conform - match the method of reasoning used in the argument as closely as possible without going beyond it.
MAIN POINT: to identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe. FIND the conclusion - if it's explicitly state; if not - the opposite of the conclusion may be stated instead.
ID REASONING: describe how an argument supports its conclusion. FIND the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing the process used in the argument.
Finding the conclusion and premises for each participants argument; summarizing the exact thing they're arguing about.

42. Question says... an assumption on which the argument depends is assumed by the argument is required in order for the conclusion to be properly drawn relies on the fact that
Assumption
To find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion certain - more likely to be correct - or at the very least - less likely to be incorrect
Are wishy-washy and say as little as possible; are specific - but not too specific; include stipulations or qualifications; seem to restate passage material.
EVALUATE: to identify a statement that - if teue - either weakens or strengthens the conclusion and - if false - does the other. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;

43. Question says... must also be true can most properly be concluded most strongly support the inference which of teh following conclusions can be properly drawn
Inference
PRINCIPLE: find a general statement that supports the arguments conclusion/judgment; for conform also match the method of reasoning as closely as possible IDENTIFY the conclusion/judgement in the argument and the premises/situation on which it is bas
To identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe.
Find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true

44. In a 'Inference' - look for choices that...
Point at Issue or Agree/Disagree
Are wishy-washy and say as little as possible; are specific - but not too specific; include stipulations or qualifications; seem to restate passage material.
Strengthen
Identifying the conclusion/judgement in the argument and the premises/situation on which it is based (you will most likely not be able to predict the exact contents of the correct answer)

45. The 'Weaken' task is...
ID RESPONSE: in a conversation - describe how a response relates to the first person's argument in the conversation. FIND the conclusion and the premises of both parts of the conversation - then summarizing the relationship between them as specifical
Find a new fact that - if true - would make the conclusion unlikely to be true
For justify - support as strongly as possible - even if it goes beyond the argument; for conform - match the method of reasoning used in the argument as closely as possible without going beyond it.
Finding the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning; you will not be able to predict the correct answer's exact contents - but you should be able to say what it must tell or show.

46. Would be most useful to know in evaluating the argument the answer to which one of the following questions would contribute to an evaluation in evaluating the argument - it would be most useful to know whether
Are too strongly worded; use terms with no clear relationship to passage material; are too specific or demand too much input to be reveland; involve questionable comparisons.
Weaken
ID Reasoning
EVALUATE: to identify a statement that - if teue - either weakens or strengthens the conclusion and - if false - does the other. FIND the conclusion - the premises - and any gap or flaw in the reasoning;

47. The 'Main Point' task is...

48. The argument proceeds by a method of reasoning employed by the argument a technique of reasoning employed by the argument
MAIN POINT: to identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe. FIND the conclusion - if it's explicitly state; if not - the opposite of the conclusion may be stated instead.
Are not directly relevant to the conclusion; strengthen; are trying to weaken but do not attack the conclusion strongly; require extensive explanations to show relevance; attempt to contradict a premise
Main point or conclusion
ID REASONING: describe how an argument supports its conclusion. FIND the conclusion and the premises - then summarizing the process used in the argument.

49. The main point is the main conclusion is the argument leads to the conclusion that statements commit X to the position that

50. The 'Point at Issue' task is...
Do not match the argument closely; mistakenly identify the conclusion; mistakenly identify a statement as the main conclusion when its only a step in the argument's chain of reasoning.
Always find a general statement that supports the arguments conclusion/judgment; for conform also match the method of reasoning as closely as possible
To identify the argument's conslusion: what the person making the argument wants you to believe.
To find a statement about which the participants in conversation definitely hold different opinions or - possibly - the same opinion.