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Test your basic knowledge |
Management 101: Motivation
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 48 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The way tasks are combined to form complete jobs
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Self-efficacy
Distributive justice
Job design
2. An approach to job design in which employees take the initiative to change how their work is determined
Proactive perspective of work design
Motivators
Need for affiliation (nAff)
Task identity
3. Personal attention and expressing interest - approval - and appreciation for a job well done
Motivators
Employee recognition programs
Safety needs
Three-Needs Theory
4. The persons - systems - or selves against which individuals compare themselves to assess equity
Task identity
Relational perspective of work design
Need for power (nPow)
Referents
5. The process by which a person's efforts are energized - directed - and sustained toward attaining a goal
Expectancy (effort-performance linkage)
Motivation
Job Characteristics Model (JCM)
Self-efficacy
6. The assumption that employees dislike work - are lazy - avoid responsibility - and must be coerced to perform
Theory X
Core job dimensions in JCM
Early theories of motivation
Expectancy (effort-performance linkage)
7. The assumption that employees are creative - enjoy work - seek responsibility - and can exercise self-direction
Open-book management
Expectancy Theory
Theory Y
Early theories of motivation
8. The need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise
Need for power (nPow)
Hygiene factors
Feedback
Referents
9. Maslow's theory that human needs - physiological - safety - social - esteem - and self-actualization - form a sort of hierarchy
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10. The proposition that specific goals increase performance and that difficult goals - when accepted - result in higher performance than do easy goals
Physiological needs
Early theories of motivation
Goal-Setting Theory
Proactive perspective of work design
11. A person's needs for food - drink - shelter - sexual satisfaction - and other physical needs
Motivators
Task identity
Reinforcers
Physiological needs
12. The degree to which carrying out work activities required by a job results in the individual's obtaining direct and clear information about his or her performance effectiveness
Need for achievement (nAch)
Early theories of motivation
Expectancy Theory
Feedback
13. The degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work
Job enrichment
Procedural justice
Task identity
Job enlargement
14. A motivational approach in which an organization's financial statements (the 'books') are shared with all employees
Valence (attractiveness of reward)
Hygiene factors
Open-book management
Three-Needs Theory
15. The motivation theory that intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction and motivation - whereas extrinsic factors are associated with job dissatisfaction
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16. Variable compensation plans that pay employees on the basis of some performance measure
Reinforcement Theory
Expectancy (effort-performance linkage)
Job design
Pay-for-performance
17. Factors that increase job satisfaction and motivation
Motivators
Reinforcement Theory
Procedural justice
Job enlargement
18. Goal-Setting Theory; Reinforcement Theory; Designing Motivating Jobs; Equity Theory; Expectancy Theory
Contemporary theories of motivation
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
Distributive justice
Job enlargement
19. The vertical expansion of a job by adding planning and evaluating responsibilities
Motivators
Contemporary theories of motivation
Job enrichment
Job design
20. The theory that an individual tends to act in a certain way based on the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual
Autonomy
Expectancy Theory
Pay-for-performance
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
21. Factors that eliminate job dissatisfaction but don't motivate
Instrumentality (performance-reward linkage)
Job design
Hygiene factors
Expectancy Theory
22. The horizontal expansion of a job by increasing job scope
Referents
Job enlargement
Reinforcers
Distributive justice
23. Work practices designed to elicit greater input of involvement from workers
Task significance
Goal-Setting Theory
High-involvement work practices
Procedural justice
24. The theory that an employee compares his or her job's input-outcome ratio with that of relevant others and then corrects any inequity
Need for power (nPow)
Expectancy (effort-performance linkage)
Equity theory
Skill variety
25. Perceived fairness of the process used to determine the distribution of rewards
Self-efficacy
Pay-for-performance
Procedural justice
Safety needs
26. The motivation theory that says three acquired (not innate) needs - achievement - power - and affiliation - are major motives in work
Job scope
Three-Needs Theory
Expectancy (effort-performance linkage)
Self-actualization needs
27. The drive to succeed and excel in relation to a set of standards
Motivators
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Hygiene factors
Need for achievement (nAch)
28. An approach to job design that focuses on how people's tasks and jobs are increasingly based on social relationships
Job depth
Physiological needs
Need for power (nPow)
Relational perspective of work design
29. The degree to which a job provides substantial freedom - independence - and discretion to the individual in scheduling work and determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out
High-involvement work practices
Autonomy
Reinforcers
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
30. A person's needs for internal factors such as self-respect - autonomy - and achievement - and external factors such as status - recognition - and attention
Esteem needs
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
Expectancy (effort-performance linkage)
Self-efficacy
31. The degree of control employees have over their work
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
Job enrichment
Job depth
Esteem needs
32. The theory that behavior is a function of its consequences
Expectancy Theory
Motivation
Task significance
Reinforcement Theory
33. A person's needs for security and protection from physical and emotional harm
Autonomy
Safety needs
Core job dimensions in JCM
Procedural justice
34. The number of different tasks required in a job and the frequency with which those tasks are repeated
Equity theory
Job scope
Need for achievement (nAch)
Need for power (nPow)
35. A person's needs for affection - belongingness - acceptance - and friendship
Distributive justice
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Employee recognition programs
Social needs
36. Perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals
Instrumentality (performance-reward linkage)
Proactive perspective of work design
Distributive justice
Expectancy (effort-performance linkage)
37. A person's needs to become what he or she is capable of becoming
Task significance
Self-actualization needs
Job depth
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
38. The importance that the individual places on the potential outcome or reward that can be achieved on the job
Open-book management
Valence (attractiveness of reward)
Referents
Goal-Setting Theory
39. Consequences immediately following a behavior - which increase the probability that the behavior will be repeated
Job enlargement
Need for achievement (nAch)
Reinforcers
Distributive justice
40. The degree to which a job requires a variety of activities so that an employee can use a number of different skills and talents
Self-actualization needs
Employee recognition programs
Skill variety
Need for achievement (nAch)
41. An individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task
Job Characteristics Model (JCM)
Self-efficacy
Physiological needs
Early theories of motivation
42. The degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people
Task significance
Reinforcement Theory
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Need for achievement (nAch)
43. The probability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to a certain level of performance
Esteem needs
Autonomy
Motivators
Expectancy (effort-performance linkage)
44. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory; McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y; Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory; Three-Needs Theory
Need for affiliation (nAff)
Job enlargement
Esteem needs
Early theories of motivation
45. The degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular level is instrumental in attaining the desired outcome
Job depth
Three-Needs Theory
Job enrichment
Instrumentality (performance-reward linkage)
46. Skill variety; Task identity; Task significance; Autonomy; Feedback
Feedback
Job scope
Proactive perspective of work design
Core job dimensions in JCM
47. The desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships
Distributive justice
Job Characteristics Model (JCM)
Need for affiliation (nAff)
Valence (attractiveness of reward)
48. A framework for analyzing and designing jobs that identifies five primary core job dimensions - their interrelationships - and their impact on outcomes
Physiological needs
Pay-for-performance
High-involvement work practices
Job Characteristics Model (JCM)