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Test your basic knowledge |
Management 101: Motivation
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Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 48 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The theory that an individual tends to act in a certain way based on the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual
Expectancy Theory
Instrumentality (performance-reward linkage)
Employee recognition programs
Job enrichment
2. The vertical expansion of a job by adding planning and evaluating responsibilities
Job enrichment
Open-book management
Referents
Expectancy Theory
3. The motivation theory that says three acquired (not innate) needs - achievement - power - and affiliation - are major motives in work
Task significance
Distributive justice
Three-Needs Theory
Skill variety
4. The desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships
Pay-for-performance
Valence (attractiveness of reward)
Need for affiliation (nAff)
Self-efficacy
5. The need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise
Need for power (nPow)
Referents
Self-efficacy
Contemporary theories of motivation
6. The degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work
Valence (attractiveness of reward)
Task identity
Autonomy
Physiological needs
7. The assumption that employees are creative - enjoy work - seek responsibility - and can exercise self-direction
Job enlargement
Procedural justice
Theory Y
Task significance
8. The theory that behavior is a function of its consequences
Proactive perspective of work design
Open-book management
Reinforcement Theory
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
9. The process by which a person's efforts are energized - directed - and sustained toward attaining a goal
Relational perspective of work design
Employee recognition programs
Motivation
Task significance
10. Goal-Setting Theory; Reinforcement Theory; Designing Motivating Jobs; Equity Theory; Expectancy Theory
Contemporary theories of motivation
Esteem needs
Equity theory
Expectancy Theory
11. Factors that eliminate job dissatisfaction but don't motivate
Autonomy
Hygiene factors
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
Self-efficacy
12. Variable compensation plans that pay employees on the basis of some performance measure
Pay-for-performance
Job enlargement
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
Social needs
13. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory; McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y; Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory; Three-Needs Theory
Expectancy (effort-performance linkage)
Expectancy Theory
Hygiene factors
Early theories of motivation
14. The degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people
Job enrichment
Task significance
Motivation
Social needs
15. Personal attention and expressing interest - approval - and appreciation for a job well done
Reinforcers
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Employee recognition programs
Proactive perspective of work design
16. The assumption that employees dislike work - are lazy - avoid responsibility - and must be coerced to perform
Job scope
Need for affiliation (nAff)
High-involvement work practices
Theory X
17. A person's needs for food - drink - shelter - sexual satisfaction - and other physical needs
Referents
Employee recognition programs
Physiological needs
Esteem needs
18. The way tasks are combined to form complete jobs
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
Job design
Job enrichment
Relational perspective of work design
19. An individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task
Job design
Valence (attractiveness of reward)
Skill variety
Self-efficacy
20. A motivational approach in which an organization's financial statements (the 'books') are shared with all employees
Proactive perspective of work design
Pay-for-performance
Self-efficacy
Open-book management
21. Factors that increase job satisfaction and motivation
Job enrichment
Pay-for-performance
Instrumentality (performance-reward linkage)
Motivators
22. A person's needs for affection - belongingness - acceptance - and friendship
Reinforcers
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Contemporary theories of motivation
Social needs
23. A person's needs to become what he or she is capable of becoming
Employee recognition programs
Need for affiliation (nAff)
Social needs
Self-actualization needs
24. Skill variety; Task identity; Task significance; Autonomy; Feedback
Motivation
Expectancy Theory
Expectancy (effort-performance linkage)
Core job dimensions in JCM
25. The degree to which a job requires a variety of activities so that an employee can use a number of different skills and talents
Job enrichment
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
Skill variety
Early theories of motivation
26. The degree to which carrying out work activities required by a job results in the individual's obtaining direct and clear information about his or her performance effectiveness
Job design
Theory Y
Feedback
Job scope
27. The drive to succeed and excel in relation to a set of standards
Hygiene factors
Self-efficacy
Need for achievement (nAch)
Task identity
28. Perceived fairness of the process used to determine the distribution of rewards
Distributive justice
Task significance
Instrumentality (performance-reward linkage)
Procedural justice
29. The theory that an employee compares his or her job's input-outcome ratio with that of relevant others and then corrects any inequity
Social needs
Equity theory
Autonomy
Employee recognition programs
30. The number of different tasks required in a job and the frequency with which those tasks are repeated
Task significance
Job scope
Need for achievement (nAch)
Job enrichment
31. Maslow's theory that human needs - physiological - safety - social - esteem - and self-actualization - form a sort of hierarchy
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32. Work practices designed to elicit greater input of involvement from workers
Instrumentality (performance-reward linkage)
Skill variety
Open-book management
High-involvement work practices
33. The degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular level is instrumental in attaining the desired outcome
Instrumentality (performance-reward linkage)
Job depth
Theory X
Pay-for-performance
34. The degree of control employees have over their work
Task identity
Job depth
Motivators
Core job dimensions in JCM
35. A person's needs for security and protection from physical and emotional harm
Instrumentality (performance-reward linkage)
High-involvement work practices
Safety needs
Distributive justice
36. The probability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to a certain level of performance
Expectancy (effort-performance linkage)
Autonomy
Relational perspective of work design
Task identity
37. The proposition that specific goals increase performance and that difficult goals - when accepted - result in higher performance than do easy goals
Esteem needs
Referents
Self-actualization needs
Goal-Setting Theory
38. An approach to job design in which employees take the initiative to change how their work is determined
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
Reinforcers
Proactive perspective of work design
Task significance
39. Perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals
Open-book management
Task identity
Distributive justice
Goal-Setting Theory
40. The degree to which a job provides substantial freedom - independence - and discretion to the individual in scheduling work and determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out
Autonomy
Expectancy (effort-performance linkage)
Theory Y
Need for power (nPow)
41. The importance that the individual places on the potential outcome or reward that can be achieved on the job
Job enrichment
Early theories of motivation
Need for affiliation (nAff)
Valence (attractiveness of reward)
42. An approach to job design that focuses on how people's tasks and jobs are increasingly based on social relationships
Relational perspective of work design
Valence (attractiveness of reward)
Expectancy (effort-performance linkage)
Task significance
43. A framework for analyzing and designing jobs that identifies five primary core job dimensions - their interrelationships - and their impact on outcomes
Theory X
Job scope
Job Characteristics Model (JCM)
Distributive justice
44. The persons - systems - or selves against which individuals compare themselves to assess equity
Job design
Referents
Job depth
Autonomy
45. A person's needs for internal factors such as self-respect - autonomy - and achievement - and external factors such as status - recognition - and attention
Job scope
Esteem needs
Motivators
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
46. The motivation theory that intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction and motivation - whereas extrinsic factors are associated with job dissatisfaction
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47. The horizontal expansion of a job by increasing job scope
Relational perspective of work design
Proactive perspective of work design
Job enlargement
Core job dimensions in JCM
48. Consequences immediately following a behavior - which increase the probability that the behavior will be repeated
Expectancy (effort-performance linkage)
Employee recognition programs
Reinforcers
Theory X