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Test your basic knowledge |
Mass Communications
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
journalism-and-media
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. For radio. Tells how many and what types of people are listening to each program. Takes a list of random phone numbers and calls them to participate in their diary survey. Each participant get a diary and is asked to keep a record of what they listen
Powerful Effects Model
Sample
Arbitron
small town papers
2. The two (in order) largest newspaper chains (USA Today is owned by one)
Zoned editions
Gannett and McClatchy
Beat Reporters
Radio usage
3. Theory that there are multiple opinion leaders that shaper our viewpoints
Administrative research
Multi-Step Flow theory
Audience - visual - economic - political - gatekeepers
Early Majority
4. Media determines what kind of topics are brought up. The people think the things that the media covers the most are the most important.
Agenda-Setting Effect
NY Times
Bias
News Hole
5. Media pays more attention to this type of feedback. Consists of circulation figures - example: Arbitron Diary
Media Originated Feedback
Joint Operating Agreements (JOAs)
Media literacy
Cultural Hegemony
6. Movie written - directed and starring Orson Wells about W.R. Hearst--revolutionized movies
Samuel Morse 1844
Empirical research
Citizen Kane 1941
Joseph Pulitzer
7. Research has already been done for you - you just collect it and put it into your paper
Preview Audiences
Secondary research
Disney
Stimulation theory
8. Rating system based winning the first 5 minutes of each segment (two segments per half hour).. Used for entertainment TV and for newscasts. Does sweep periods in Feb - July - May - and Nov. July is least important.
Orson Wells 1938
7 hours a day
A. C. Nielson Co
Alexander Graham Bell 1876
9. Media makes the world smaller (technology)--called _____________ ____________
Winter
Feedback
Global village
Laggards
10. Letters to the editor - non-scientific
Audience Generated Feedback
Cable a' la Carte
Lab experiments
Hard news
11. Story order emphasis that eventually shapes our world views and values of importance
Qualitative research
Still photography 1839
Agenda Setting
GE/NBC-Universal
12. This cheap newsprint created larger readership
Penny Press
Audimeter
Sample
Panel Study
13. Typically weekly - free papers emphasizing events listing - local arts advertising - and 'eccentric' personal classified ads—attract young people
Alternative Press
Soft news
Fact about the usage of the media
Print media usage
14. Peeks in mid 60's
Mixed Effects Model
Selective Perception
Payne Fund Studies 1929
TV watching
15. Margin of error in polls
Delay
5%
Catharsis theory
Powerful Effects Model
16. Average household has a TV set on...
Samuel Morse 1844
Payne Fund Studies 1929
Innovators/Early Adaptors
7 hours a day
17. Personal noise inserted and pushed in journalism
Experiment
Telecommunications Act of 1996
War of the Worlds
Bias
18. Theory that media users seek out messages that agree with their existing views (avoiding discomfort)
NY Times
Dissonance Theory
Rating
Interpreter
19. Selection Theory: only expose ourselves to those that we will agree with already
Wire Services
Audimeter
Selective exposure
Catharsis
20. Free - alternative weeklies with a local and political orientation
Cultivation Analysis
Jukebox
Newsreel
Dissident Press
21. Theory that we only pick media that we will find gratifying
Uses and Gratification
Agenda-Setting Effect
Telegraph
Innovators/Early Adaptors
22. Sensational stories that do not serve the democratic function of journalism
Narrowcasting
Diurnals
Uses and Gratification
Soft news
23. Does not establish causality. Covers what the majority thinks. All perception
Telecommunications Act of 1996
Multi-Step Flow theory
Survey
The New York Sun
24. _____________ invented the telephone in _____________
Close-ended questions
Alexander Graham Bell 1876
Selective exposure
Economy
25. Period where companies will work out kinks and prices go down--the people that buy the technology now is the _________
Early Majority
60% More violent
Dissonance Theory
Technological determinism
26. This invention - used in war - helped to construct the 'inverted pyramid' structure
cartoons
Technological determinism
NY Times
Telegraph
27. Targeting niche audiences--easier to use selection theory
Oligopoly
Delay
Narrowcasting
Population
28. NBC is believed to have noise for _______ because it is owned by GE
The New York Times
cartoons
War of the Worlds
War
29. The theory stating that war - being more visual - will get the most attention and headlines in the news
Critical research
Cultivation Theory
Burning Tank Theory
Agenda-Setting Effect
30. Term given to a cable subscription where you only pay for those channels you want instead of bundled channels
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31. Rare - expensive - long. keeps up with the research subjects to see long-term effects of stimuli
War
Panel Study
Cable a' la Carte
Media literacy
32. Selection Theory: selective about what we ACTUALLY listen to
Qualitative research
Hard news
Blogs
Selective Perception
33. When a story has been heard by more then 50% of the US population. Most stories do not make it this far
A. C. Nielson Co
Saturation Stage
Agenda Setting
Alternative Press
34. The TV world is __________________ then the real world
Population
60% More violent
Newspaper Hierarchy
Citizen Kane 1941
35. Has the most TV audience
General Assignment Reporters (GAs)
Winter
Muckrakers
Cultivation Analysis
36. Awarded every April since 1917 for excellence
Radio usage
Population
Orson Wells 1938
Pulitzer Prize
37. A model stating that media has a very direct and universal impact (effect)
Decoder
Powerful Effects Model
Desensitization
Selective exposure
38. Control the flow of ideas and information--decide what messages reach the public (i.e. owners - editors)
Secondary research
Winter
Gatekeepers
Innovators/Early Adaptors
39. Peeks mid 50's
News Hole
Late Majority
Print media usage
Multi-Step Flow theory
40. Where you get your information from first (radio typically). Two parts are the saturation stage and the two step flow
Empirical research
News Diffusion
TV
Telegraph
41. The ______ is the receiver of the message
Rating
Decoder
Joint Operating Agreements (JOAs)
Integrated audience reach
42. Direct - immediate causes and effects research
7 hours a day
Thomas Edison 1877
Reinforcement Theory
Administrative research
43. Sole owner of Viacom/CBS
Cultural Hegemony
Nellie Bly
Empirical research
Sumner Redstone
44. A model stating that effects are limited by individual differences and other factors
Viacom/CBS
Audience Generated Feedback
Citizen Kane 1941
Limited Effects Model
45. Scientific research
Open-Ended questions
Empirical research
Benjamin Harris 1690
Uses and Gratification
46. This host demonstrated cultural imperialism in campaigning for the Finland President
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47. The total number of readers of the print edition plus those unduplicated Web readers who access the paper only online
Media Originated Feedback
Integrated audience reach
Population
Bias
48. First American Newspaper
Soft news
Radio usage
Publick Occurences
Delay
49. _________ was tried for libel against the British in his newspaper ___________
Noise
John Peter Zenger New York Weekly
Gatekeepers
Close-ended questions
50. 20th Century Fox - Wall St. Journal - NY Post - MySpace - TV Guide - Harper Collins Publishing--conglomerate
News Corp.
Field experiments
small town papers
Feedback