Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Prep - 2

Subjects : mcat, science

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. After meiosis II - Female

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

2. Glucose is a .... sugar; fructose is a .... sugar
Outermost layer of blood vessel
(diploid organism) humans are part of gametic life cycle ie produce gametes; diploid germ - line stem cells undergo meiosis to form haploid gametes
AAs can be burned for energy or converted to fat for storage
Glucose = aldose fructose = ketose

3. Meiosis I Anaphase I
(diploid and haploid individuals = ALTERNATION of GENERATIONS) a fusion of gametic and zygotic life cycles
Ups bicarbonate secretion by pancreas; raises pH to 6.0
Organs
Homologous chromosomes separate - migrate towards opposite poles/centrioles

4. only monosaccharides are absorbed
After morula - with blastocyst (+8 cell count)--->totipotent to embryonic stem cell and so on
Trypsinogen is activated by enterokinase in the brush border; in turn - it activates other enzymes
Break down TAGs to monoglycerides and free fatty acids
Which is why lactase - maltase - dextrinase - sucrase are on brush border

5. Meiosis I Metaphase I
Lots of energy; eg neurons have hi glucose need for 3Na out 2K in ATPase; stomach epithel tiss needs E for parietal cells to pump protons into lumen and bicarbonate into blood
Maintains hi estrogen levels; body does not recognize luteal surge - ovulation does not occur; hi progesterone can lessen shedding by thickening the uterine lining
Nervous - muscle - epithelial (defines inner/outer) - connective (extensive matrices)
Homologous chromosomes line up w/ attachment of spindle fibers/microtubule polymers to centromeres via kinetochores; identical in appearance under light microscope to metaphase of mitosis

6. What is secreted into filtrate by cells of the proximal tubule?
SYMP: spinal cord --->paravetebral ganglion PARA: spinal cord - brain; cell processes --->ganglion near effector organ (preganglionic neurons) extend outside of spinal cord to synapse at ganglia - go on along postganglionic neurons
Drugs - toxins - bile pigments (color the urine) - uric acid - antibiotics
Paracrine (local) - endocrine (longer distance)
Organs

7. parathyroid hormone
The crypts of Lieberkuhn: sm intestine pH is not right; brush border enzs won't work right
Notochord (mesoderm) induces ectoderm to thicken into neural plate --->neural tube --->spinal cord
Increases blood Calcium
Interstitial fluid (eg prostaglandins - cytokines)

8. Where does fertilization occur
Glucose
Raises BP; causes collecting ducts at end of nephron (kidney) to become permeable to water - which concentrates urine; coffee - beer block ADH and increase urine volume
Fallopian tubes
Alpha 1-4 and 1-6 (branching) glycosidic linkages

9. Determination is different than differentiation
Moves thru lymph sys; emptied into large veins (thus into bloodstream) of the neck at Thoracic duct
Outer ear= pinna (auricle)- external auditory canal - eardrum (tympanic membrane) inner ear= malleus - incus - stapes - ...oval window - cochlea - where sound is transduced into neural signal...enters cochlea at scala vestibuli - where pressure chang
**NO*** lipase digests fat; no bonds broken by bile; only opens up more SA for lipase
Determination is a pre - programmed fate - differentiation is the actual materialization of that fate

10. A group of cell bodies in CNS is nucleus - outside CNS is...
The wall of the body or of a body cavity or hollow structure
Steroid; target tissue is distal convoluted tubule of nephron and collecting duct; increases blood mineral concentration; potassium - protons secreted (blood pH increases); sodium - chloride reabsorbed (BP increases)
Ganglion
Gastric inhibitory pep; increase of pancreatic - enz activating enzymes (which cleaves zymogens like trypsinogen); increased gall bladder contraction; decreases stomach mobility

11. Different tissues working together
Pancreas; active at sm intestinal pH; hydrolyzes peptide bonds of (pepsin - digested) peptides
Organs
75% water/ 25% solid mass: of that solid mass: 10-20% fat = phospholipid bilayer of bacteria - slough - off enterocytes ie stomach lining (must be constantly rebuilt) 10-20% inorganic material 30% roughage = fiber = cellulose (indigestible) 2-3% prot
Renal pyramids --->renal calyx-->renal pelvis -->ureter -->urethra

12. golgi body
pericardial cavity - pleural cavity (contains lungs) - peritoneal cavity (abdominal)
Spike in estrogen - LH levels; secondary follicle bursts - releases into body cavity - swept along by fimbriae
Sorts - modifies - concentrates proteins from the ER
Determined by whether in front of or behind the lens

13. Where do absorbed fats go in the enterocyte
About 7.2
Transfer signals from neuron - neuron; 90% of neurons are interneurons
Creates one ovum (23 N) and three polar bodies
To the organelle w/ lumen: smooth ER; they are resynthesized into TAGs

14. lysosome main function and derivation
Zygote - morula (first four days) - blastocyst (4 day+; implants in uterine lining) - gastrula (2 week) - neurula (3 week)...
Contains hydrolytic enzymes; thus - digests endocytosed substances; derived from golgi
Processes: axons - dendrites
Transfer signals from neuron - neuron; 90% of neurons are interneurons

15. Inside the kidney: ...JGA (w/granular cells sensitive to hydrostatic pressure able to secrete renin - activate aldosterone - increase BP) is adjacent to distal tubule - monitors filtrate pressure
Carry signals to musc OR Gland
- filtration occurs at the fenestrations of the renal corpuscle - most reabsorption and secretion occur in the proximal tubule - medulla is concentrated in the loop of henle - sodium and calcium are reabsorbed in the distal tubule -->collecting tubul
ER
Contains lysozyme - which regulates bacteria within intestine; breaks down peptidoglycans (**bact wall); innate immunity

16. FLAT PG: hGH aka somatotropin
Parathyroid hormone (peptide; increases blood Ca); thus - might increase osteoclast/decrease osteoblast activity
Presence of fat - prot in duodenum causes release of **gastric inhibitory peptide**; result is slower stomach contraction; slower emptying into duod thru pyloric sphincter (slower chyme secretion); more time to properly digest - absorb nutrients
Micelles; micelles transport lipase products to enterocytes for absorption at brush border
Peptide; stims growth of nearly all cell of body; all other anterior pituitary horms have specific targets; upregulates anabolic pathways; use of fat for energy goes up (fat - burning); increases AA transport across cell membrane (nutrient uptake)

17. How is the follicle developed during oogenesis
Arrested at primary oocyte; hypothalamus GnRH->FSH released at puberty stims granulosa cell development; granulosa secrete zona pellucida = primary follicle
Result: stress reaction; increase glycogenolysis - gluconeogenesis; fat/prot breakdown; increase blood glucose
Lowers osmolarity of the filtrate (IONS - Water Are Taken Back Up By The Kidney)--->at the end of the distal tubule (the collecting tubule) is where aldosterone acts - along with the JGA
Secondary follicle: Theca cells differentiate from interstitial tissue - surround follicle - secrete testosterone when stimd by LH (compare to Leydig cells)

18. insulin secreted by
Beta cells
Development of placenta begins with implantation; eventually - by end of first trimester - placenta will replace corpus luteum and its estrogen/progest secretions
Apoproteins attach to outside of globules; these move to Golgi and are released into interstitial fluid via exocytosis as chylomicrons --->most go to lacteal system
Peptides

19. almost all exocytosed proteins pass through this
Smooth ER
Zygote (fertilization in fallopian tubes); morula (up to 8 cells - undifferentiated ie totipotent); blastocyst (4+ days - implants into uterus; HCG secretion stims corpus luteum; gradually placenta replaces HCG as estrogen/progest source; cells not t
Outermost layer of blood vessel
Result: stress reaction; increase glycogenolysis - gluconeogenesis; fat/prot breakdown; increase blood glucose

20. Three stages of the menstrual cycle
Follicular (proliferative)= 8d - Luteal (post - ovulation; corpus luteum secretions)= 13d - Menstruation (shed uterine lining if no implantation)= 5
Prophase I: crossing over occurs; nuclear envelope is absorbed into ER; chromosomes condense)
Nourishes follicle growth; stimulates granulosa cell growth around primary oocyte at puberty = primary follicle; also - stimulates Sertoli cells in males
Epithelial tissue near semniferous tubules

21. Interaction of corpus luteum/placenta
Stom= G cells (gastrin) - parietal (oxyntic); chief (peptic); mucous cells (hi ER - Golgi to make sticky glycoprots) - sm intest= enterocytes (w/brush border of maltase - sucrase - lactase - dextrinase; peptidase; lipase; nucleases); goblet cells (mu
Ganglion
Polysaccharides w/proteoglycans attached = glycosaminoglycans; often give pliability
Development of placenta begins with implantation; eventually - by end of first trimester - placenta will replace corpus luteum and its estrogen/progest secretions

22. alpha - amylase in the mouth digests what kind of bond
Testes>Semeniferous tubules>Sertoli cells; feedback on AP FSH production
(diploid organism) humans are part of gametic life cycle ie produce gametes; diploid germ - line stem cells undergo meiosis to form haploid gametes
Can be saturated; conc of a solute is called the transport maximum --->excess goes into urine
Alpha 1-4 and 1-6 (branching) glycosidic linkages

23. thyroid hormones: Not All One Kind of HORM
(diploid and haploid individuals = ALTERNATION of GENERATIONS) a fusion of gametic and zygotic life cycles
Carbohydrates are highly hydrated: one water mol per carbon mol - fats are anhydrous: contain more reduced carbons per unit mass - altogether fats contain 6X energy per unit mass
Only musc and esp ** liver can store large amounts
Calcitonin (peptide; lowers blood Ca); T3/T4 (tyrosine - derived; increase basal metabolic rate); T4= thyroxine

24. Cell bodies of SYMP postganglionic neurons lie far from effector...
Renal pyramids --->renal calyx-->renal pelvis -->ureter -->urethra
Within the paravertebral ganglion - running parallel to spinal cord
Which is why lactase - maltase - dextrinase - sucrase are on brush border
Contains lysozyme - which regulates bacteria within intestine; breaks down peptidoglycans (**bact wall); innate immunity

25. What Changes - Doesn't Change as a result of movement of molecules across membranes in the proximal tubule
After 4 day+ - morula cells have formed fluid - filled ball (blastocyst); this implants in uterus at day 5-7; blastocyst is made up of EMBRYONIC STEM Cells; once implanted w/blastocyst - female is pregnant
Albumin increases osmolarity of blood; increases osmotic pressure
Arrested at primary oocyte; hypothalamus GnRH->FSH released at puberty stims granulosa cell development; granulosa secrete zona pellucida = primary follicle
Changes: volume of filtrate does not change: osmolarity of filtrate --->reabsorbed ions like sodium carry water across membrane

26. what cannot cross the fenestrations of the renal corpuscle
Inactive: rhodopsin is activated by photons; activated rhodopsin hyperpolarizes rod cells - causes photobleaching
RBCs - large proteins; What does enter is called the filtrate
Know that 90% digestion - absorption occurs in sm intestine --> fine breakdown of carbs - fat - prots
Paracrine (local) - endocrine (longer distance)

27. glucagon secreted by
Ventrally (picture skeletal vertebrae)
Regulated by gastrointestinal horms
Alpha cells; stims gluconeogenesis in liver; acts via cAMP second messenger
Oxytocin and ADH (aka vasopressin)

28. What does peroxisome do
Sudiferous (sweat) - sebaceous - digestive (bile - pancreatic enzs) - mucosal
**only para effectors have muscarinic receptors; symp effectors are adrenergic (epi - norepi); **neuromuscular junction uses nicotinic receptors
Oxidizes macromolecules; breaks down very long - chain FAs by beta - oxidation; products (acetyl - CoA) are shuttled to mitochondrion for citric acid cycle
Photon (hv)- rhodopsin - conformation change - GPCR- Na less permeable - hyperpolarized rod cells - generates AP= photobleaching at visible light wavelengths (390-700nm)

29. What is a dorsal root ganglion?
Duodenum (wraps around pancreas; most digestion occurs here) - jejunum (pH 7-9; 2m) - ileum
Via secondary active transport proteins (COSTS E TO FILTER BLOOD - ESTABLISH FLUID/ION BALANCE)
Collection of cell bodies; cell processes project out from both ends of ganglion; synapses with interneuron in spinal cord on one end and sensory receptor on other
At the collecting duct: becomes more permeable to water which passively diffuses *into the medulla* concentrating the urine

30. in fat and liver cells monoglycerides and ffas are once again
Outermost layer of blood vessel
Di - tri - peptides; inside enterocytes are hydrolyzed to amino acids
Reconstituted into TAGs at smooth ER; first stop for most digested fat is liver
vitreous humor - retina - fovea

31. energy source of neurons
Nervous - muscle - epithelial (defines inner/outer) - connective (extensive matrices)
Homologous chromosomes separate - migrate towards opposite poles/centrioles
Glucose and ketone bodies (not from glycogen stores)
Testosterone and estradiol

32. Difference between euk and prok flagella
'Microvilli function as the **primary surface of nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal tract**. Because of this vital function - the microvillar membrane is packed with enzymes that aid in the breakdown of complex nutrients into simpler compoun
Bacterial flagellin: hollow filament (not microtub); euk: 9+2 microtubule w/dynein bridges
Stims release of tyrosine - derived horms T3/T4 (increase basal metabolic rate); TSH increases thyroid cell size - number - rate of T3/T4 synth -----> thus - iodine deficiency causes swollen thyroid due to lack of neg feedback onto TSH in anterior pi
pericardial cavity - pleural cavity (contains lungs) - peritoneal cavity (abdominal)

33. What is the adventitia?
'visceral organs develop adjacent to a cavity and invaginate into the bag - like coelom'
Sudiferous (sweat) - sebaceous - digestive (bile - pancreatic enzs) - mucosal
5
Outermost layer of blood vessel

34. The EYE
Focuses light thru the vitreous humor onto retina; acts as a converging lens (image is real - inverted)
Peptides
Abdominal cavity - which is coated in serous fluid
Note: enteric= small intestine - double layer of peritoneum that suspends jejunum/ileum from posterior abdominal wall = connective tissue

35. When 'coumadin targets liver enzymes to act as anticoagulant'...
The wall of the body or of a body cavity or hollow structure
Digestion
Receive signals from receptor cell w/ ability to interact with its environment; 99% sensory input is discarded
It targets liver conc of prothrombin - fibrinogen etc

36. Where does the bolus go after mouth chews food
Needs time for bile - lipase - micelle migration - enterocyte uptake
Moves down thru esophageal sphincter
Pepsin - secreted by chief cells in the stomach epithelial lining and active at low pH - breaks down proteins to polypeptides. Protein hydrolysis is aided by the highly acidic environment (hi gastric acid from parietal cells). Polypeptides are squirt
Sorts - modifies - concentrates proteins from the ER

37. zygotic life cycle
Determined by whether in front of or behind the lens
Urine enters kidneys via artery - to arteriole - capillary bed - glomerulus - Bowman's capsule - proximal tubule - loop of henle (concentrates medulla) - distal tubule - collecting tubule - collecting duct (renal pyramids) - renal calyx - renal pelvi
Development of placenta begins with implantation; eventually - by end of first trimester - placenta will replace corpus luteum and its estrogen/progest secretions
(haploid organism) many fungi and protozoa; individuals are typically haploid; fertilization may occur with immediate meiosis back to haploid state

38. what happens to bile secretions
Mostly reabsorbed to liver
Estradiol
Synthesizes lipids (including steroids); detoxifies drugs; is continuous with lumen
Fallopian tubes

39. food in duod stims release of gastrointestinal hormones
Determination is a pre - programmed fate - differentiation is the actual materialization of that fate
Gall bladder - pancreatic secretions increase - arrive via ampulla of vater (duct glands); insulin secretion increases (fed state; ductless glands)
Nervous - muscle - epithelial (defines inner/outer) - connective (extensive matrices)
Ammonia; must be converted to urea by liver and excreted in urine by kidney

40. position of AP...
Mostly reabsorbed to liver
Peripheral nervous sys
Below hypothalamus
Cancer; apop can be programmed cell death; mitochon can play important role in apop

41. important because in meiosis germ - line cells begin as 46 2N w/ 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes which are replicated in S phase of interphase to 23 pairs of sister chromatids = still 46 2N
Growth 1 (G1) phase: STRUCTURAL ProteinS - ENZYMES; This is a very active period - where the cell synthesizes its vast array of proteins - including the enzymes and structural proteins it will need for growth. In G1 stage each of the chromosomes cons
The renal corpuscle
Stomach - sm intest - spleen - pancreas from the hepatic portal vein...all blood that passes thru liver go thru flattened spaces called the ***hepatic sinusoids -->hepatic vein --->vena cava
Secondary follicle: Theca cells differentiate from interstitial tissue - surround follicle - secrete testosterone when stimd by LH (compare to Leydig cells)

42. overall - fatty - prot - rich food in duod causes
Testosterone and estradiol
Dehydration reaction; broken apart with enzyme - catalyzed hydrolysis
Only musc and esp ** liver can store large amounts
Gastric inhibitory pep; increase of pancreatic - enz activating enzymes (which cleaves zymogens like trypsinogen); increased gall bladder contraction; decreases stomach mobility

43. Kidney physiology...

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

44. FLAT PG: TSH aka thyrotropin
Estradiol
RBCs - large proteins; What does enter is called the filtrate
Steroid; target tissue is distal convoluted tubule of nephron and collecting duct; increases blood mineral concentration; potassium - protons secreted (blood pH increases); sodium - chloride reabsorbed (BP increases)
Stims release of tyrosine - derived horms T3/T4 (increase basal metabolic rate); TSH increases thyroid cell size - number - rate of T3/T4 synth -----> thus - iodine deficiency causes swollen thyroid due to lack of neg feedback onto TSH in anterior pi

45. Embryology
AAs can be burned for energy or converted to fat for storage
Zygote (fertilization in fallopian tubes); morula (up to 8 cells - undifferentiated ie totipotent); blastocyst (4+ days - implants into uterus; HCG secretion stims corpus luteum; gradually placenta replaces HCG as estrogen/progest source; cells not t
Estradiol
Lysosome

46. Important of villi (='shaggy hair') More fluid makes contact with the epithelial tissue: thus nutrients in solution have less distance to travel to diffuse into villi.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

47. How does blood sugar move into tissues?
Gall bladder - pancreatic secretions increase - arrive via ampulla of vater (duct glands); insulin secretion increases (fed state; ductless glands)
Facilitated diffusion from hi to lo conc
Can be saturated; conc of a solute is called the transport maximum --->excess goes into urine
Diarrhea: excess water loss in feces; poor absorption of vitamins - minerals

48. Mucus - digestive enzymes released thru
Salivary amylase (weak); sm intest amylase (breaks down large polysaccharides)
Sensory (afferent - dorsal) - motor (efferent - ventral)
Glands w/ducts: Exocrine glands
Result is proton secreted into lumen - bicarbonate into interstitial fluid (diffuses into blood); result is also increased blood pH and decreased pH stomach

49. Embryology
Zygote - morula (first four days) - blastocyst (4 day+; implants in uterine lining) - gastrula (2 week) - neurula (3 week)...
**only para effectors have muscarinic receptors; symp effectors are adrenergic (epi - norepi); **neuromuscular junction uses nicotinic receptors
Primitive streak - which consists of cells of the MESODERM ****
Zygote (fertilization in fallopian tubes); morula (up to 8 cells - undifferentiated ie totipotent); blastocyst (4+ days - implants into uterus; HCG secretion stims corpus luteum; gradually placenta replaces HCG as estrogen/progest source; cells not t

50. spermatogonia arise from
visual (rhodopsin is receptor - derived from Vit A; conformation change occurs with photon to hyperpolarize rod cells; cone cells use photopsin for receptor) - olfactory - mood (NTs targeted by antidepressants - antipsychotics - etc; GABA is inhibit
= catecholamines; fight/flight; vasoconstrictors of internal organs - skin; vasodilators of skel musc; also considered stress hormones; epinephrine - norepinephrine
Night vision
Epithelial tissue near semniferous tubules

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Major Subjects
Tests & Exams AP CLEP DSST GRE SAT GMAT	Certifications CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/ PMP ITIL RHCE MCTS More...	IT Skills Android Programming Data Modeling Objective C Programming Basic Python Programming Adobe Illustrator More...	Business Skills Advertising Techniques Business Accounting Basics Business Strategy Human Resource Management Marketing Basics More...
Soft Skills Body Language People Skills Public Speaking Persuasion Job Hunting And Resumes More...	Vocabulary GRE Vocab SAT Vocab TOEFL Essential Vocab Basic English Words For All Global Words You Should Know Business English More...	Languages AP German Vocab AP Latin Vocab SAT Subject Test: French Italian Survival Norwegian Survival More...	Engineering Audio Engineering Computer Science Engineering Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering Structural Engineering More...
Health Sciences Basic Nursing Skills Health Science Language Fundamentals Veterinary Technology Medical Language Cardiology Clinical Surgery More...	English Grammar Fundamentals Literary And Rhetorical Vocab Elements Of Style Vocab Introduction To English Major Complete Advanced Sentences Literature Homonyms More...	Math Algebra Formulas Basic Arithmetic: Measurements Metric Conversions Geometric Properties Important Math Facts Number Sense Vocab Business Math More...	Other Major Subjects Science Economics History Law Performing-arts Cooking Logic & Reasoning Trivia

Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Prep - 2

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Let me suggest you:

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests

Major Subjects

Tests & Exams

Certifications

IT Skills

Business Skills

Soft Skills

Vocabulary

Languages

Engineering

Health Sciences

English

Math

Other Major Subjects

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests