Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Prep - 2

Subjects : mcat, science

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. when cells hit their limit for prot storage...
Lots of water - minerals (electrolyte balance) - vitamins (aided by gut bacteria)
From lumenal (apical) to enterocyte to basolateral side of epithelial tissue
AAs can be burned for energy or converted to fat for storage
Chylomicrons are much bigger

2. Gastrulation: ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm
Fructose is a structural isomer of glucose
Ectoderm: outer coverings - nervous system Mesoderm: between covering ie musc - bone - etc - endoderm: digestive tract - viscera
Peristalsis (esophagus) and segmentation (bi - directional=mixing)
Systems (eg digestive system consists of many organs)

3. spermatogonia arise from
Liver breaks down glycogen (glycogenolysis); at hi blood sugar it builds up glycogen (glycogenesis)
Amino acid monomers - di - tri absorbed by symport at enterocyte; each AA has slightly diff mechanism; from entero - AAs enter bloodstream where they are taken up by all cells of the body - esp the liver by active or facilitated transport (NEVER PASS
Trypsinogen is activated by enterokinase in the brush border; in turn - it activates other enzymes
Epithelial tissue near semniferous tubules

4. Different tissues working together
Zygote (fertilization in fallopian tubes); morula (up to 8 cells - undifferentiated ie totipotent); blastocyst (4+ days - implants into uterus; HCG secretion stims corpus luteum; gradually placenta replaces HCG as estrogen/progest source; cells not t
Alpha 1-4 and 1-6 (branching) glycosidic linkages
75% water/ 25% solid mass: of that solid mass: 10-20% fat = phospholipid bilayer of bacteria - slough - off enterocytes ie stomach lining (must be constantly rebuilt) 10-20% inorganic material 30% roughage = fiber = cellulose (indigestible) 2-3% prot
Organs

5. signal transduction occurs by 2 paths
Homologous chromosomes separate - migrate towards opposite poles/centrioles
Prophase I: crossing over occurs; nuclear envelope is absorbed into ER; chromosomes condense)
1) by integral ion channels 2) transmitted by second messenger system
An ether phospholipid; hi conc in myelin; thus - hi conc in heart tiss - nervous tiss

6. remaining secondary follicle becomes
Smooth ER
Nitrogen
Corpus luteum; secretes estradiol - progesterone throughout pregnancy OR if no pregnancy - for about 2 weeks (till menstruation = shedding of uterine lining)
Oxidizes macromolecules; breaks down very long - chain FAs by beta - oxidation; products (acetyl - CoA) are shuttled to mitochondrion for citric acid cycle

7. Gastrin from G cells stims parietal cells...
Tight regulation of parietal cells needed b/c gastric acid secretion is E- intensive; parietal cells are hi in mitochons
Prod of steroid hormones in testes - ovaries
It is the animal counterpart of starch; it is more highly- branched - thus releases more glucose monomers upon repeated hydrolysis than starch
An endogenous morphine

8. A pinpoint iris is contracted or uncontracted
Lots of energy; eg neurons have hi glucose need for 3Na out 2K in ATPase; stomach epithel tiss needs E for parietal cells to pump protons into lumen and bicarbonate into blood
Uncontracted: parasymp (eg opoid use)
Estradiol
Peristalsis (esophagus) and segmentation (bi - directional=mixing)

9. lining of abdominal cavity=
1) by integral ion channels 2) transmitted by second messenger system
Glucose = aldose fructose = ketose
Serous membrane (slick - reducing friction) that forms lining of the coelom --> secretes lubricating fluid
Facilitated diffusion from hi to lo conc

10. euk cell has two principal sides
Stom= G cells (gastrin) - parietal (oxyntic); chief (peptic); mucous cells (hi ER - Golgi to make sticky glycoprots) - sm intest= enterocytes (w/brush border of maltase - sucrase - lactase - dextrinase; peptidase; lipase; nucleases); goblet cells (mu
'visceral organs develop adjacent to a cavity and invaginate into the bag - like coelom'
Lumen (ie continuous w/body cavity) and cytosol
Zygote - morula (first four days) - blastocyst (4 day+; implants in uterine lining) - gastrula (2 week) - neurula (3 week)...

11. What do villli do
Increase surface area of sm intestine; this improves digestion (enzymes adsorbed to villi) and absorption
Injury that does not sever SC (causes deep lesion from back - front) might cause loss of feeling without full loss of motion
Where lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzes TAGs; products diffuse into target tiss (mostly liver - adipose tissue)
Contains lysozyme - which regulates bacteria within intestine; breaks down peptidoglycans (**bact wall); innate immunity

12. these transport proteins - when concs are high enough...
Testes>Semeniferous tubules>Sertoli cells; feedback on AP FSH production
**NO*** lipase digests fat; no bonds broken by bile; only opens up more SA for lipase
Can be saturated; conc of a solute is called the transport maximum --->excess goes into urine
TAGS--->FFAs; remember that FFAs are broken down for energy in mito matrix by beta - oxidation

13. In effect LH - FSH stimulate
Direction of differentiation
Estrogen: steroid; stims LH in luteal surge; causes growth of female sex organs progesterone: prepares/maintains uterus for pregnancy
Prod of steroid hormones in testes - ovaries
Contain capillary network - lymph vessels (lacteals)

14. 90% digestion - absorption occurs in...
Ectoderm: outer coverings - nervous system Mesoderm: between covering ie musc - bone - etc - endoderm: digestive tract - viscera
Cancer; apop can be programmed cell death; mitochon can play important role in apop
Small intestine; duodenum is smallest and does most DIGESTION; jejunum is medium and does most ABSORPTION; ileum is biggest and does most absorption along with jejunum
Number of centromeres - Not number of chromatids eg - two sister chromatids connected by one centromere = one chromosome

15. Peritoneal refers to...
Abdominal cavity - which is coated in serous fluid
Secreted by delta cells of Islets of langerhans; inhibits insulin and glucagon; slows digestion
HCl; secreted by parietal cells under stim by gastrin
Testosterone upon stim by LH

16. What is the mesentery?
Alpha 1-4 and 1-6 (branching) glycosidic linkages
Note: enteric= small intestine - double layer of peritoneum that suspends jejunum/ileum from posterior abdominal wall = connective tissue
After 4 day+ - morula cells have formed fluid - filled ball (blastocyst); this implants in uterus at day 5-7; blastocyst is made up of EMBRYONIC STEM Cells; once implanted w/blastocyst - female is pregnant
Travels vas deferens - urethra; mixes with prostate fluids - seminal vesicles - couper's gland - etc

17. Meiosis I Metaphase I
Homologous chromosomes line up w/ attachment of spindle fibers/microtubule polymers to centromeres via kinetochores; identical in appearance under light microscope to metaphase of mitosis
Hydrostatic pressure forces some plasma thru *fenestrations of the glomerular endothelium* and into Bowman's capsule; B.C. is continuous with lumen of nephron
Via secondary active transport proteins (COSTS E TO FILTER BLOOD - ESTABLISH FLUID/ION BALANCE)
- parietal cells (**oxyntic= hi oxygen consumption - hi E??): have hi conc mito; need lots of energy to create proton gradient; thus - responsible for extremely harsh pH conditions in stom; denaturing conditions - chief cells (peptic): synthesize pep

18. Different organs working together
Systems (eg digestive system consists of many organs)
Lower blood pH
Testosterone upon stim by LH
Where lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzes TAGs; products diffuse into target tiss (mostly liver - adipose tissue)

19. only monosaccharides are absorbed
Eukaryotes
Mouth - esophagus - stomach - duodenum - jejunum - ileum - ascending colon - transverse colon - descending colon - sigmoid colon - rectum - anus
Which is why lactase - maltase - dextrinase - sucrase are on brush border
Changes: volume of filtrate does not change: osmolarity of filtrate --->reabsorbed ions like sodium carry water across membrane

20. position of AP...
Below hypothalamus
Which is why lactase - maltase - dextrinase - sucrase are on brush border
Transfer signals from neuron - neuron; 90% of neurons are interneurons
Combined via conjunction of pancreatic duct and common bile duct; common bile duct originates at **cystic duct where gall bladder and liver secretions combine ..cystic duct+common bile duct+pancreatic duct --->into duodenum

21. What testosterone released by secondary follicle by LH stim is converted to...
Estradiol (estrogen - steroid horm); prepares uterine wall for pregnancy; just before ovulation - release of estradiol stims LH in pos feedback
Serous membrane (slick - reducing friction) that forms lining of the coelom --> secretes lubricating fluid
Called a tract in the CNS; bundling together of axons/dendrites thru which many diff signals pass; many many neurons are bundled together into a single nerve
Increases blood Calcium

22. motor (efferent) neurons --> VENTRAL
Carry signals to musc OR Gland
Calcitonin (peptide; lowers blood Ca); T3/T4 (tyrosine - derived; increase basal metabolic rate); T4= thyroxine
Fat synthesis; carbs stored as free fatty acids - esterified to TAGs (requires small amount of E)
Neurons may perform one of three functions....

23. what happens when glycogen stores are saturated and blood sugar remains high?
Fat synthesis; carbs stored as free fatty acids - esterified to TAGs (requires small amount of E)
'tones the bone'; decreases free Calcium conc; acts opposite to parathyroid hormone; thyroid polypeptide
Zygote (fertilization in fallopian tubes); morula (up to 8 cells - undifferentiated ie totipotent); blastocyst (4+ days - implants into uterus; HCG secretion stims corpus luteum; gradually placenta replaces HCG as estrogen/progest source; cells not t
Lumen (ie continuous w/body cavity) and cytosol

24. Where would materials slated for digestion go?
Somatic nervous sys - autonomic nervous sys
After 4 day+ - morula cells have formed fluid - filled ball (blastocyst); this implants in uterus at day 5-7; blastocyst is made up of EMBRYONIC STEM Cells; once implanted w/blastocyst - female is pregnant
Uncontracted: parasymp (eg opoid use)
Lysosome

25. When 'coumadin targets liver enzymes to act as anticoagulant'...
It targets liver conc of prothrombin - fibrinogen etc
vitreous humor - retina - fovea
Contain capillary network - lymph vessels (lacteals)
5

26. During ejaculation - sperm...

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

27. What is the path of a sound wave that enters the ear?
Outer ear= pinna (auricle)- external auditory canal - eardrum (tympanic membrane) inner ear= malleus - incus - stapes - ...oval window - cochlea - where sound is transduced into neural signal...enters cochlea at scala vestibuli - where pressure chang
Going up - water - impermeable: salt is actively pumped out - filtrate osmolarity goes down as salt leaves
Organs
Peak at 1-2hr after meal; chylomicrons themselves have half - life of about 1hr after formation in enterocytes

28. What do the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule add up to...
Spike in estrogen - LH levels; secondary follicle bursts - releases into body cavity - swept along by fimbriae
Tight regulation of parietal cells needed b/c gastric acid secretion is E- intensive; parietal cells are hi in mitochons
The renal corpuscle
Vitamin K - b12 - thiamin - riboflavin

29. sensory (afferent) neurons
Gall bladder - pancreatic secretions increase - arrive via ampulla of vater (duct glands); insulin secretion increases (fed state; ductless glands)
Receive signals from receptor cell w/ ability to interact with its environment; 99% sensory input is discarded
Sudiferous (sweat) - sebaceous - digestive (bile - pancreatic enzs) - mucosal
'Increased absorptive area is useful because digested nutrients (including sugars and amino acids) pass into the villi through diffusion - which is effective only at short distances. In other words - **increased surface area (in contact with the flui

30. How do parietal cells work ** (involves CO2)
Result is proton secreted into lumen - bicarbonate into interstitial fluid (diffuses into blood); result is also increased blood pH and decreased pH stomach
Gonadotropin releasing hormone - GnRH
Smooth ER
Calcitonin (peptide; lowers blood Ca); T3/T4 (tyrosine - derived; increase basal metabolic rate); T4= thyroxine

31. from the loop of henle...
sucrose (gluc+fruc) - lactose (gluc+galactose) - starch (gluc+gluc)
On to the distal tubule where sodium - calcium are reabsorbed - protons - bicarbonate - potassium are secreted via membrane transport proteins
Low because AAs are immediately used in translation
At the first capillary bed of the nephron called the glomerulus which is encased by ***Bowman's capsule

32. from thoracic duct - chylomicrons stick to capillary walls...
It is the animal counterpart of starch; it is more highly- branched - thus releases more glucose monomers upon repeated hydrolysis than starch
Glycosaminoglycans - prots - AAs - lipids
Nitrogen
Where lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzes TAGs; products diffuse into target tiss (mostly liver - adipose tissue)

33. What is a plasmalogen?
Lumen (ie continuous w/body cavity) and cytosol
Fructose is a structural isomer of glucose
An ether phospholipid; hi conc in myelin; thus - hi conc in heart tiss - nervous tiss
Eg spinal nerve - cranial nerve; Not All Nervous Tissue In Brain - SC Is CNS Tissue

34. gametic life cycle
Corpus luteum; secretes estradiol - progesterone throughout pregnancy OR if no pregnancy - for about 2 weeks (till menstruation = shedding of uterine lining)
Tight regulation of parietal cells needed b/c gastric acid secretion is E- intensive; parietal cells are hi in mitochons
(diploid organism) humans are part of gametic life cycle ie produce gametes; diploid germ - line stem cells undergo meiosis to form haploid gametes
Peristalsis (esophagus) and segmentation (bi - directional=mixing)

35. What does peptic refer to in general
Contain capillary network - lymph vessels (lacteals)
Increases blood Calcium
Liver breaks down glycogen (glycogenolysis); at hi blood sugar it builds up glycogen (glycogenesis)
Digestion

36. Stomach has no lacteals
Stores blood: when expanded liver serves as blood reservoir for body - filters blood: Kupfer cells phagocytize bacteria picked up from intestines - destroys bad RBCs: also done by Kupfer cells - detoxifies blood: detoxified chemicals are excreted eit
Most absorption occurs in sm intestine
Increase surface area of sm intestine; this improves digestion (enzymes adsorbed to villi) and absorption
An endogenous morphine

37. albumin has What affect on blood osmotic pressure
Regulated by gastrointestinal horms
Small amounts of hydrolyzed phospholipids and cholesterol: like other fat mols these can diffuse thru enterocyte membrane
Albumin increases osmolarity of blood; increases osmotic pressure
Facilitated diffusion: no symport w/ secondary transport

38. medium for paracrine hormones
Chyme (by combined activity of exocrine glands)
Interstitial fluid (eg prostaglandins - cytokines)
ER
HCl; secreted by parietal cells under stim by gastrin

39. Determination is different than differentiation
Determination is a pre - programmed fate - differentiation is the actual materialization of that fate
Smooth ER
AAs enter bloodstream for uptake by all cells (esp liver). If intracellular prot conc is at max AAs can be converted to fats or glucose via gluconeogenesis. Byproduct of gluconeo is ammonia --->urea.
Photon (hv)- rhodopsin - conformation change - GPCR- Na less permeable - hyperpolarized rod cells - generates AP= photobleaching at visible light wavelengths (390-700nm)

40. Kidney
Contains hydrolytic enzymes; thus - digests endocytosed substances; derived from golgi
Excretes waste products: urea - uric acid - ammonia - phosphate - maintains homeostasis: including body fluid volume (water reabsorption) and solute composition (mineral balance - nutrient reabsorption) - controls *plasma* pH: antiport of Na/K and pr
Mediate complex cell processes thru eg phosphorylation via secondary messenger (G protein) systems = signal transduction pathway - GPCR (G protein coupled receptor)
***starting with adipose tiss: FFAs are transported in the blood by albumin (major component of blood plasma); one albumin typically carries three fatty acid molecules but can hold up to 30 FAs

41. components of interstitial fluid
Glycosaminoglycans - prots - AAs - lipids
FAT=9 cal per gram Carbs=4.5 cal per gram - Prot=4 cal per gram - these seem to be for anhydrous forms
Ganglion
Has memb - bound organelles - etc...

42. mitosis creates somatic cells
(diploid and haploid individuals = ALTERNATION of GENERATIONS) a fusion of gametic and zygotic life cycles
Meiosis creates germ cells
Growth 1 (G1) phase: STRUCTURAL ProteinS - ENZYMES; This is a very active period - where the cell synthesizes its vast array of proteins - including the enzymes and structural proteins it will need for growth. In G1 stage each of the chromosomes cons
Micelles; micelles (made of bile) go back and forth between brush border and chyme

43. What if large intestine isn't working well
Diarrhea: excess water loss in feces; poor absorption of vitamins - minerals
Sensory neurons are affector; motor neurons are effector // dorsal afferent (dorsal - Back- side of spinal cord carries sensory signals to brain; ventral effector
Pancreas; active at sm intestinal pH; hydrolyzes peptide bonds of (pepsin - digested) peptides
Zygote - morula (first four days) - blastocyst (4 day+; implants in uterine lining) - gastrula (2 week) - neurula (3 week)...

44. micelles also pick up
Polysaccharides w/proteoglycans attached = glycosaminoglycans; often give pliability
Stom= G cells (gastrin) - parietal (oxyntic); chief (peptic); mucous cells (hi ER - Golgi to make sticky glycoprots) - sm intest= enterocytes (w/brush border of maltase - sucrase - lactase - dextrinase; peptidase; lipase; nucleases); goblet cells (mu
Nuclear envelope reassembled in daughter cells; cytokinesis occurs; nucleoli reappear (site of rRNA synthesis)
Small amounts of hydrolyzed phospholipids and cholesterol: like other fat mols these can diffuse thru enterocyte membrane

45. Contrast PNS- Somatic with PNS- Autonomic
Sudiferous (sweat) - sebaceous - digestive (bile - pancreatic enzs) - mucosal
**only para effectors have muscarinic receptors; symp effectors are adrenergic (epi - norepi); **neuromuscular junction uses nicotinic receptors
The renal corpuscle
PNS- Somatic - afferent (dorsal root ganglion) + efferent (ventral horns) PNS- ANS- afferent (sensors on viscera) + SYMP - PARA pre - post - ganglionic neurons

46. in the presence of ADH what happens to movement of water across nephron membr
Water flows from the tubule - concentrating the filtrate - raising BP
Moves down thru esophageal sphincter
Raises BP; causes collecting ducts at end of nephron (kidney) to become permeable to water - which concentrates urine; coffee - beer block ADH and increase urine volume
It targets liver conc of prothrombin - fibrinogen etc

47. zygotic life cycle
(haploid organism) many fungi and protozoa; individuals are typically haploid; fertilization may occur with immediate meiosis back to haploid state
Amino acid monomers - di - tri absorbed by symport at enterocyte; each AA has slightly diff mechanism; from entero - AAs enter bloodstream where they are taken up by all cells of the body - esp the liver by active or facilitated transport (NEVER PASS
Lysosome
Called a tract in the CNS; bundling together of axons/dendrites thru which many diff signals pass; many many neurons are bundled together into a single nerve

48. almost all exocytosed proteins pass through this
***starting with adipose tiss: FFAs are transported in the blood by albumin (major component of blood plasma); one albumin typically carries three fatty acid molecules but can hold up to 30 FAs
Lots of water - minerals (electrolyte balance) - vitamins (aided by gut bacteria)
Smooth ER
Calcitonin (peptide; lowers blood Ca); T3/T4 (tyrosine - derived; increase basal metabolic rate); T4= thyroxine

49. exocrine types
Sudiferous (sweat) - sebaceous - digestive (bile - pancreatic enzs) - mucosal
Duodenum (wraps around pancreas; most digestion occurs here) - jejunum (pH 7-9; 2m) - ileum
75% water/ 25% solid mass: of that solid mass: 10-20% fat = phospholipid bilayer of bacteria - slough - off enterocytes ie stomach lining (must be constantly rebuilt) 10-20% inorganic material 30% roughage = fiber = cellulose (indigestible) 2-3% prot
Drugs - toxins - bile pigments (color the urine) - uric acid - antibiotics

50. bile + fat forms
(diploid and haploid individuals = ALTERNATION of GENERATIONS) a fusion of gametic and zygotic life cycles
Micelles; micelles transport lipase products to enterocytes for absorption at brush border
visual (rhodopsin is receptor - derived from Vit A; conformation change occurs with photon to hyperpolarize rod cells; cone cells use photopsin for receptor) - olfactory - mood (NTs targeted by antidepressants - antipsychotics - etc; GABA is inhibit
**NO*** lipase digests fat; no bonds broken by bile; only opens up more SA for lipase

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Major Subjects
Tests & Exams AP CLEP DSST GRE SAT GMAT	Certifications CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/ PMP ITIL RHCE MCTS More...	IT Skills Android Programming Data Modeling Objective C Programming Basic Python Programming Adobe Illustrator More...	Business Skills Advertising Techniques Business Accounting Basics Business Strategy Human Resource Management Marketing Basics More...
Soft Skills Body Language People Skills Public Speaking Persuasion Job Hunting And Resumes More...	Vocabulary GRE Vocab SAT Vocab TOEFL Essential Vocab Basic English Words For All Global Words You Should Know Business English More...	Languages AP German Vocab AP Latin Vocab SAT Subject Test: French Italian Survival Norwegian Survival More...	Engineering Audio Engineering Computer Science Engineering Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering Structural Engineering More...
Health Sciences Basic Nursing Skills Health Science Language Fundamentals Veterinary Technology Medical Language Cardiology Clinical Surgery More...	English Grammar Fundamentals Literary And Rhetorical Vocab Elements Of Style Vocab Introduction To English Major Complete Advanced Sentences Literature Homonyms More...	Math Algebra Formulas Basic Arithmetic: Measurements Metric Conversions Geometric Properties Important Math Facts Number Sense Vocab Business Math More...	Other Major Subjects Science Economics History Law Performing-arts Cooking Logic & Reasoning Trivia

Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Prep - 2

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Let me suggest you:

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests

Major Subjects

Tests & Exams

Certifications

IT Skills

Business Skills

Soft Skills

Vocabulary

Languages

Engineering

Health Sciences

English

Math

Other Major Subjects

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests