Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Prep - 2

Subjects : mcat, science

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Cell determination begins At what stage of development
Paracrine (local) - endocrine (longer distance)
After morula - with blastocyst (+8 cell count)--->totipotent to embryonic stem cell and so on
Can be saturated; conc of a solute is called the transport maximum --->excess goes into urine
Testosterone and estradiol

2. Anatomy of the villi
'Microvilli function as the **primary surface of nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal tract**. Because of this vital function - the microvillar membrane is packed with enzymes that aid in the breakdown of complex nutrients into simpler compoun
Trypsinogen is activated by enterokinase in the brush border; in turn - it activates other enzymes
Carry signals to musc OR Gland
Contain capillary network - lymph vessels (lacteals)

3. gametic life cycle
To the organelle w/ lumen: smooth ER; they are resynthesized into TAGs
Sudiferous (sweat) - sebaceous - digestive (bile - pancreatic enzs) - mucosal
(diploid organism) humans are part of gametic life cycle ie produce gametes; diploid germ - line stem cells undergo meiosis to form haploid gametes
AAs can be burned for energy or converted to fat for storage

4. In IBS - What is defective

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

5. euk cell has two principal sides
Lumen (ie continuous w/body cavity) and cytosol
Secreted by implanted egg; HCG prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum; HCG in blood/urine is first sign of pregnancy
Spike in estrogen - LH levels; secondary follicle bursts - releases into body cavity - swept along by fimbriae
- enterocytes w/ *microvilli brush border*: membrane - bound digestive enzymes for carbs - fats - nucleic acids - goblet cells: secrete mucous - Deep between villi are the intestinal exocrine glands - the crypts of Lieberkuhn - which secrete pH 7.6 i

6. Glucose is a .... sugar; fructose is a .... sugar
Paracrine (local) - endocrine (longer distance)
5
Glucose = aldose fructose = ketose
Pepsin - secreted by chief cells in the stomach epithelial lining and active at low pH - breaks down proteins to polypeptides. Protein hydrolysis is aided by the highly acidic environment (hi gastric acid from parietal cells). Polypeptides are squirt

7. The apical side of the villi...
Faces the lumen
Parathyroid hormone (peptide; increases blood Ca); thus - might increase osteoclast/decrease osteoblast activity
Peripheral nervous sys
Systems (eg digestive system consists of many organs)

8. Kidney physiology...

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

9. Neuronal cell bodies have extensions ie
Inactive: rhodopsin is activated by photons; activated rhodopsin hyperpolarizes rod cells - causes photobleaching
Sensory neurons are affector; motor neurons are effector // dorsal afferent (dorsal - Back- side of spinal cord carries sensory signals to brain; ventral effector
Processes: axons - dendrites
Drugs - toxins - bile pigments (color the urine) - uric acid - antibiotics

10. What is a nerve? (PNS)
Estradiol (estrogen - steroid horm); prepares uterine wall for pregnancy; just before ovulation - release of estradiol stims LH in pos feedback
Hypothalamus --->AP--->target tissues eg TSH - thyroid - T3/T4 release - increase basal metabolic rate
Called a tract in the CNS; bundling together of axons/dendrites thru which many diff signals pass; many many neurons are bundled together into a single nerve
Contain rough ER and Golgi to make mucous; mucous is full of **glycoprots (sticky) and electrolytes*; protects epithelial tiss of stomach from low pH and lubricates stomach

11. STOMACH: no absorption
Protein digestion begins in stomach; low pH denatures proteins - kills bacteria; mixes - stores food and destroys it to chyme (BOLUS-->CHYME)
Bacterial flagellin: hollow filament (not microtub); euk: 9+2 microtubule w/dynein bridges
Regulated by gastrointestinal horms
Pancreatic duct (made of acinar cells?)

12. Thus - central nervous sys is...
Interneurons working to integrate signals received from the peripheral nervous system (sense organs)
Epithelial tissue near semniferous tubules
1) by integral ion channels 2) transmitted by second messenger system
**only para effectors have muscarinic receptors; symp effectors are adrenergic (epi - norepi); **neuromuscular junction uses nicotinic receptors

13. Tight junctions
To the organelle w/ lumen: smooth ER; they are resynthesized into TAGs
Form barrier to extracellular fluid
Can be saturated; conc of a solute is called the transport maximum --->excess goes into urine
Zygote - morula (first four days) - blastocyst (4 day+; implants in uterine lining) - gastrula (2 week) - neurula (3 week)...

14. Kidney
Excretes waste products: urea - uric acid - ammonia - phosphate - maintains homeostasis: including body fluid volume (water reabsorption) and solute composition (mineral balance - nutrient reabsorption) - controls *plasma* pH: antiport of Na/K and pr
Glands w/ducts: Exocrine glands
It is the animal counterpart of starch; it is more highly- branched - thus releases more glucose monomers upon repeated hydrolysis than starch
Beta cells

15. What is the path of a sound wave that enters the ear?
Outer ear= pinna (auricle)- external auditory canal - eardrum (tympanic membrane) inner ear= malleus - incus - stapes - ...oval window - cochlea - where sound is transduced into neural signal...enters cochlea at scala vestibuli - where pressure chang
= catecholamines; fight/flight; vasoconstrictors of internal organs - skin; vasodilators of skel musc; also considered stress hormones; epinephrine - norepinephrine
At metaphase II of meiosis II (halted during reductional division); if fertilized - process continues toward haploid gamete
Gall bladder - pancreatic secretions increase - arrive via ampulla of vater (duct glands); insulin secretion increases (fed state; ductless glands)

16. Where do pancreatic secretions take effect
On the chyme exiting the stomach and entering duodenum thru the pyloric sphincter
Contains hydrolytic enzymes; thus - digests endocytosed substances; derived from golgi
PH 6.0; this accomplished by pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate which ups pH
Work together to emulsify fats: bile works as a detergent to increase SA of the fat; increased SA gives more substrate to lipase for digestion

17. Sensory - motor neurons are part of which nervous system
Protein digestion begins in stomach; low pH denatures proteins - kills bacteria; mixes - stores food and destroys it to chyme (BOLUS-->CHYME)
On to the distal tubule where sodium - calcium are reabsorbed - protons - bicarbonate - potassium are secreted via membrane transport proteins
Creates one ovum (23 N) and three polar bodies
Peripheral nervous sys

18. parathyroid hormone
Testes>Semeniferous tubules>Sertoli cells; feedback on AP FSH production
Signal picked up by sensory cell - goes thru dorsal root ganglion to SC - may continue to interneurons in brain or simple reflex arc in SC - brain integrates info and decides (voluntary) response - travels back down SC to appropriate ventral root gan
Increases blood Calcium
Ganglion

19. Some epithelial cells are... others...
Abdominal cavity - which is coated in serous fluid
Systems (eg digestive system consists of many organs)
- enterocytes w/ *microvilli brush border*: membrane - bound digestive enzymes for carbs - fats - nucleic acids - goblet cells: secrete mucous - Deep between villi are the intestinal exocrine glands - the crypts of Lieberkuhn - which secrete pH 7.6 i
Increases surface area of food ball (bolus)

20. main point of fat transport...
Fat is insoluble in blood and requires a carrier like lipoproteins (vLDL...HDL) or albumins; ...vLDL has hi triglycerides - hi cholesterol
The wall of the body or of a body cavity or hollow structure
Buildup of macromolecules in lysosome due to deficient lysosome enzymes
(haploid organism) many fungi and protozoa; individuals are typically haploid; fertilization may occur with immediate meiosis back to haploid state

21. How does glycogen compare to starch
It is the animal counterpart of starch; it is more highly- branched - thus releases more glucose monomers upon repeated hydrolysis than starch
Determination is a pre - programmed fate - differentiation is the actual materialization of that fate
Direction of differentiation
Synthesizes lipids (including steroids); detoxifies drugs; is continuous with lumen

22. What is a dorsal root ganglion?
Prophase II: no crossing over b/c there are no homologous chromosomes; nuclear envelope dissolves Metaphase II: chromosomes line up at metaphase plate Anaphase II: sister chromatids separate - migrate to opp poles Telophase II: nuclear envelope reap
Collection of cell bodies; cell processes project out from both ends of ganglion; synapses with interneuron in spinal cord on one end and sensory receptor on other
Paracrine (local) - endocrine (longer distance)
Within the paravertebral ganglion - running parallel to spinal cord

23. After meiosis II...
Bacterial flagellin: hollow filament (not microtub); euk: 9+2 microtubule w/dynein bridges
Ventrally (picture skeletal vertebrae)
Estrogen: steroid; stims LH in luteal surge; causes growth of female sex organs progesterone: prepares/maintains uterus for pregnancy
Four 23 N daughter cells are formed from one 46 2N mother (germ - line) cell; four haploid gametes

24. hypothalamus - AP - ACTH - cortisol release from adrenal cortex
Result: stress reaction; increase glycogenolysis - gluconeogenesis; fat/prot breakdown; increase blood glucose
Prod of steroid hormones in testes - ovaries
Break down TAGs to monoglycerides and free fatty acids
Lumen (ie continuous w/body cavity) and cytosol

25. Failure of apoptosis can result in
Organs
Peptide; responsible for luteal surge (driven in part by LH-->testosterone -->estradiol -->LH positive feedback); results in ovulation (follicle bursting) - releasing egg into fallopian tube/oviduct
Trypsin(- ogen; activates other panc enzymes after it is activated by enterokinase of sm intest); chymotrypsin - amylase - lipase
Cancer; apop can be programmed cell death; mitochon can play important role in apop

26. when cells hit their limit for prot storage...
AAs can be burned for energy or converted to fat for storage
Secondary spermatocyte (stim'd by FSH from Sertoli cells -->EQUATIONAL DIVISION-->spermatid - which matures further into spermatozoa; released into semeniferous tubule; transported to epididymis
pericardial cavity - pleural cavity (contains lungs) - peritoneal cavity (abdominal)
Nuclear envelope reassembled in daughter cells; cytokinesis occurs; nucleoli reappear (site of rRNA synthesis)

27. Sensory neuron cell bodies vs. somatic motor cell bodies
Small amounts of hydrolyzed phospholipids and cholesterol: like other fat mols these can diffuse thru enterocyte membrane
Somatic sensory = dorsal root ganglia (outside spinal cord); somatic effector = ventral horns of spinal cord
Ventrally (picture skeletal vertebrae)
At the first capillary bed of the nephron called the glomerulus which is encased by ***Bowman's capsule

28. protein absorption at enterocyte
HCl; secreted by parietal cells under stim by gastrin
Amino acid monomers - di - tri absorbed by symport at enterocyte; each AA has slightly diff mechanism; from entero - AAs enter bloodstream where they are taken up by all cells of the body - esp the liver by active or facilitated transport (NEVER PASS
Calcitonin (peptide; lowers blood Ca); T3/T4 (tyrosine - derived; increase basal metabolic rate); T4= thyroxine
Receive signals from receptor cell w/ ability to interact with its environment; 99% sensory input is discarded

29. Where does fertilization occur
Fallopian tubes
Stores blood: when expanded liver serves as blood reservoir for body - filters blood: Kupfer cells phagocytize bacteria picked up from intestines - destroys bad RBCs: also done by Kupfer cells - detoxifies blood: detoxified chemicals are excreted eit
***starting with adipose tiss: FFAs are transported in the blood by albumin (major component of blood plasma); one albumin typically carries three fatty acid molecules but can hold up to 30 FAs
CARB- Digesting: dextrinase (polysachs produced by hydrolysis of starch) - maltase (glucose - glucose) - sucrase (glucose - fructose) - lactase (galactose - glucose) - Protein- Digesting: peptidases - NUCLEOTIDE- Digesting: nucleosidases

30. PNS nerve signal
Signal picked up by sensory cell - goes thru dorsal root ganglion to SC - may continue to interneurons in brain or simple reflex arc in SC - brain integrates info and decides (voluntary) response - travels back down SC to appropriate ventral root gan
Nourishes follicle growth; stimulates granulosa cell growth around primary oocyte at puberty = primary follicle; also - stimulates Sertoli cells in males
Ganglion
Lens will be rounded; contraction of the lens (ie focusing) is done by ciliary muscle

31. SYMP neurons originate in= PARA neurons originate in=
SYMP: spinal cord --->paravetebral ganglion PARA: spinal cord - brain; cell processes --->ganglion near effector organ (preganglionic neurons) extend outside of spinal cord to synapse at ganglia - go on along postganglionic neurons
Where lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzes TAGs; products diffuse into target tiss (mostly liver - adipose tissue)
Lowers osmolarity of the filtrate (IONS - Water Are Taken Back Up By The Kidney)--->at the end of the distal tubule (the collecting tubule) is where aldosterone acts - along with the JGA
Sudiferous (sweat) - sebaceous - digestive (bile - pancreatic enzs) - mucosal

32. What do lipases do
In liver (RBC recycling of heme); stored in gall bladder; released via cystic duct to common bile duct (shared w/liver); common bile duct joins up with panc duct...everything feeds into the sm intest at the ampulla of vater**
Break down TAGs to monoglycerides and free fatty acids
Testosterone and estradiol
On the chyme exiting the stomach and entering duodenum thru the pyloric sphincter

33. In effect LH - FSH stimulate
'The hepatic portal vein is not a true vein - because it does not conduct blood directly to the heart. It is a vessel in the abdominal cavity that drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to capillary beds in the liver.'
Calcitonin (peptide; lowers blood Ca); T3/T4 (tyrosine - derived; increase basal metabolic rate); T4= thyroxine
Systems (eg digestive system consists of many organs)
Prod of steroid hormones in testes - ovaries

34. extracellular matrix formed mainly of...
Testosterone and estradiol
Duodenum (wraps around pancreas; most digestion occurs here) - jejunum (pH 7-9; 2m) - ileum
Polysaccharides w/proteoglycans attached = glycosaminoglycans; often give pliability
visual (rhodopsin is receptor - derived from Vit A; conformation change occurs with photon to hyperpolarize rod cells; cone cells use photopsin for receptor) - olfactory - mood (NTs targeted by antidepressants - antipsychotics - etc; GABA is inhibit

35. components of interstitial fluid
= catecholamines; fight/flight; vasoconstrictors of internal organs - skin; vasodilators of skel musc; also considered stress hormones; epinephrine - norepinephrine
Secondary follicle: Theca cells differentiate from interstitial tissue - surround follicle - secrete testosterone when stimd by LH (compare to Leydig cells)
Glycosaminoglycans - prots - AAs - lipids
Going up - water - impermeable: salt is actively pumped out - filtrate osmolarity goes down as salt leaves

36. lysosome pH
Liposome has phospholipid bilayer
5
Primitive streak - which consists of cells of the MESODERM ****
Increases surface area of food ball (bolus)

37. What force is acting upon chyme to move it forward down sm intestine
Parathyroid hormone (peptide; increases blood Ca); thus - might increase osteoclast/decrease osteoblast activity
Corpus luteum; secretes estradiol - progesterone throughout pregnancy OR if no pregnancy - for about 2 weeks (till menstruation = shedding of uterine lining)
Pancreas; active at sm intestinal pH; hydrolyzes peptide bonds of (pepsin - digested) peptides
Peristalsis (esophagus) and segmentation (bi - directional=mixing)

38. mitosis creates somatic cells
Meiosis creates germ cells
Outermost layer of blood vessel
vitreous humor - retina - fovea
Uncontracted: parasymp (eg opoid use)

39. duodenum must have receptors for fat content - protein because
Pancreatic duct (made of acinar cells?)
Lower blood pH
Moves thru lymph sys; emptied into large veins (thus into bloodstream) of the neck at Thoracic duct
Presence of fat - prot in duodenum causes release of **gastric inhibitory peptide**; result is slower stomach contraction; slower emptying into duod thru pyloric sphincter (slower chyme secretion); more time to properly digest - absorb nutrients

40. Both divisions (somatic - autonomic) of PNS consist of...
Sensory (afferent - dorsal) - motor (efferent - ventral)
Uncontracted: parasymp (eg opoid use)
Secreted by delta cells of Islets of langerhans; inhibits insulin and glucagon; slows digestion
Prophase I: crossing over occurs; nuclear envelope is absorbed into ER; chromosomes condense)

41. 80-90% fat absorbed this way
Moves thru lymph sys; emptied into large veins (thus into bloodstream) of the neck at Thoracic duct
Polysaccharides w/proteoglycans attached = glycosaminoglycans; often give pliability
75% water/ 25% solid mass: of that solid mass: 10-20% fat = phospholipid bilayer of bacteria - slough - off enterocytes ie stomach lining (must be constantly rebuilt) 10-20% inorganic material 30% roughage = fiber = cellulose (indigestible) 2-3% prot
At the collecting duct: becomes more permeable to water which passively diffuses *into the medulla* concentrating the urine

42. What is the function of the loop of Henle
90-140 mg/dl
Increases solute conc and osmotic pressure of the ***medulla
Calcitonin (peptide; lowers blood Ca); T3/T4 (tyrosine - derived; increase basal metabolic rate); T4= thyroxine
1) by integral ion channels 2) transmitted by second messenger system

43. Adrenal medulla hormones (TYR- DERIVED)
From lumenal (apical) to enterocyte to basolateral side of epithelial tissue
Lower blood pH
= catecholamines; fight/flight; vasoconstrictors of internal organs - skin; vasodilators of skel musc; also considered stress hormones; epinephrine - norepinephrine
Protein digestion begins in stomach; low pH denatures proteins - kills bacteria; mixes - stores food and destroys it to chyme (BOLUS-->CHYME)

44. axon hillock physiology
Systems (eg digestive system consists of many organs)
Conjunction of cell body w/axon
(haploid organism) many fungi and protozoa; individuals are typically haploid; fertilization may occur with immediate meiosis back to haploid state
Break down TAGs to monoglycerides and free fatty acids

45. On what surface of the retina is the eye most sensitive
Steroid; target tissue is distal convoluted tubule of nephron and collecting duct; increases blood mineral concentration; potassium - protons secreted (blood pH increases); sodium - chloride reabsorbed (BP increases)
Fovea (highest amount of cones)
pericardial cavity - pleural cavity (contains lungs) - peritoneal cavity (abdominal)
Corpus luteum degrades into corpus albicans

46. liver receives blood from...
Buildup of macromolecules in lysosome due to deficient lysosome enzymes
Alpha cells; stims gluconeogenesis in liver; acts via cAMP second messenger
***nicotinic is ionotropic; muscarinic is GPCR
Stomach - sm intest - spleen - pancreas from the hepatic portal vein...all blood that passes thru liver go thru flattened spaces called the ***hepatic sinusoids -->hepatic vein --->vena cava

47. insulin secreted by
Beta cells
Peptide; prolactin promotes milk production; prolactin release is stimulated by act of suckling - which in turn inhibits menstrual cycle
All carbs absorbed at enterocytes are carried to liver by portal vein
Protein digestion begins in stomach; low pH denatures proteins - kills bacteria; mixes - stores food and destroys it to chyme (BOLUS-->CHYME)

48. thyroid hormones: Not All One Kind of HORM
The crypts of Lieberkuhn: sm intestine pH is not right; brush border enzs won't work right
Calcitonin (peptide; lowers blood Ca); T3/T4 (tyrosine - derived; increase basal metabolic rate); T4= thyroxine
Within the paravertebral ganglion - running parallel to spinal cord
Has memb - bound organelles - etc...

49. large intestine E. coli aid absorption of...
Interstitial fluid (eg prostaglandins - cytokines)
Carbohydrates are highly hydrated: one water mol per carbon mol - fats are anhydrous: contain more reduced carbons per unit mass - altogether fats contain 6X energy per unit mass
Vitamin K - b12 - thiamin - riboflavin
Processes: axons - dendrites

50. Think of spinal cord injury
Sudiferous (sweat) - sebaceous - digestive (bile - pancreatic enzs) - mucosal
Injury that does not sever SC (causes deep lesion from back - front) might cause loss of feeling without full loss of motion
Result: stress reaction; increase glycogenolysis - gluconeogenesis; fat/prot breakdown; increase blood glucose
Notochord (mesoderm) induces ectoderm to thicken into neural plate --->neural tube --->spinal cord

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Major Subjects
Tests & Exams AP CLEP DSST GRE SAT GMAT	Certifications CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/ PMP ITIL RHCE MCTS More...	IT Skills Android Programming Data Modeling Objective C Programming Basic Python Programming Adobe Illustrator More...	Business Skills Advertising Techniques Business Accounting Basics Business Strategy Human Resource Management Marketing Basics More...
Soft Skills Body Language People Skills Public Speaking Persuasion Job Hunting And Resumes More...	Vocabulary GRE Vocab SAT Vocab TOEFL Essential Vocab Basic English Words For All Global Words You Should Know Business English More...	Languages AP German Vocab AP Latin Vocab SAT Subject Test: French Italian Survival Norwegian Survival More...	Engineering Audio Engineering Computer Science Engineering Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering Structural Engineering More...
Health Sciences Basic Nursing Skills Health Science Language Fundamentals Veterinary Technology Medical Language Cardiology Clinical Surgery More...	English Grammar Fundamentals Literary And Rhetorical Vocab Elements Of Style Vocab Introduction To English Major Complete Advanced Sentences Literature Homonyms More...	Math Algebra Formulas Basic Arithmetic: Measurements Metric Conversions Geometric Properties Important Math Facts Number Sense Vocab Business Math More...	Other Major Subjects Science Economics History Law Performing-arts Cooking Logic & Reasoning Trivia

Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Prep - 2

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Let me suggest you:

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests

Major Subjects

Tests & Exams

Certifications

IT Skills

Business Skills

Soft Skills

Vocabulary

Languages

Engineering

Health Sciences

English

Math

Other Major Subjects

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests