Microbiology Board

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Leading cause of death in children in the US
Measles - mumps - rubella - Sabin
1 congenital malformations 2 prematurity
Chemicals produced by cells - (I - II - III)
filiariasis - mosquitoes - elephants - lymphatic blockage


2. What do autotrophs eat?
DiGeorge's syndrome - (primary immune deficiency)
active = body must actively make antibodies - passive = body receives antibodies from outside source
Inorganic material
In plasma cells - consists of antibodies - from chronic inflammation - and malignant disorders - associated with multiple myeloma


3. Eukaryotes
True nucleus - organelles ie. human cells - protozoa like giardia and amoeba
Measles - mumps - rubella - Sabin
Influenza
Yellow fever


4. Klebsiella pneumonia
A Anaphylactic (immediate) - IgE - mast cell - basophils - histamine release - bee sting - hay fever
grown in candle jars culture
red jelly sputum
antibody against a toxin - (artificial passive immunity) - purified antiserum from animals who have been given the toxoid


5. Red purulent
red jelly sputum
causes diarrhea
2 populations living together - one or both benefit
serratia marcenscus


6. Scarlet fever ak
franciella tularensis - rabbit fever
bubonic plague
strawberry tongue
follows dermatome


7. What is the #2 cause of impetigo?
Strep pyogenes
e coli in water purification - fecal contamination in water
A Anaphylactic (immediate) - IgE - mast cell - basophils - histamine release - bee sting - hay fever
Canine feces - found in dogs - wolves and humans - hydatid cysts in live and lung


8. IgM pentamer (10 binding sites)
1 congenital malformations 2 prematurity
plasmid DNA transfer via sex pilus - bestows antimicrobial resistance
was used for newborn's eyes (no longer used now - erythromycin instead) - prevents ophthalmia neonatorum (most common cause = gonorrhea)
Non specific - largest and heaviest - first to increase (first exposure)


9. Toxoid
Affects mitral valve (aka ashkov bodies) - Can = carditis - Sammy = syndenham's chorea - Suck = subcutaneous nodule - Ethyl's = Erythema marginatum - Polyps = migratory Polyarthritis
Many furuncles (infected hair follicles) - 'a CAR load of furuncles' - #1 cause is staph aureus
Inactivated toxin (active artificial immunity)
spread by food - self limiting


10. Live attenuated vaccine
C3B complement
bloody transfusions
Measles - mumps - rubella - Sabin
follows dermatome


11. Criteria of rheumatic fever

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12. Loa Loa
old name
pre-op disinfectant
river eye worm - flies - aka African Eye Worm
Affects mitral valve (aka ashkov bodies) - Can = carditis - Sammy = syndenham's chorea - Suck = subcutaneous nodule - Ethyl's = Erythema marginatum - Polyps = migratory Polyarthritis


13. What is the purpose of complement system?
for serology test for all rickettsia except coxiella burnetti (Q fever) - antigen for test = proteus vulgaris
enhances phagocytosis or cellular lysis
Classified streptococcus
Identifies risk factors


14. Interleukin II

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15. What are the characteristics of carbuncles?

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16. Herpes zoster
Identifies risk factors
viral hepatitis
follows dermatome
spontaneous abortion in cattle


17. Transduction
father of pathology and germ theory - rabies vaccine - disproved spontaneous generation - pasteurization of wine - then milk
fish - mouth - contaminated sushi - may cause pernicious anemia (B12) - yellow fin tuna most commonly has it
Monitors soil - air and water quality
bacteriophage transfers genetic material between bacteria - bacteriophage = altered virus


18. Smallpox
Inanimate object is a vector - hapten partial or half antigen - does not stimulate immune response - needs to bind to protein to become active
guarnari bodies
True nucleus - organelles ie. human cells - protozoa like giardia and amoeba
given antibody in utero - breastfeeding - in utero = IgG - breastfeeding = IgA


19. Escherichia E.coli

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20. Aka's for TB test
STOIC: Scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - Toxic shockOsteomyelitis - Impetigo - Carbuncles [staph aureus produces alpha toxin aka alpha hemolysin]
Mantoux test - tine test - skin prick test
whip worm ('whip those t's into shape) oral-fecal weight loss
Tetanus - botulism


21. Epithelioid histiocytes are inclusion bodies associated with...
red jelly sputum
TB
Injection of preformed antibodies - ie. tetanus antitoxin = pre-made antibody attacks circulating toxins - not bound toxins - tetanus antitoxin CANNOT cross blood brain barrier
Methycilline resistant staph aureus - hospitals use vancomycin now


22. Hypersensitivity reactions
types I - IV - pneumonic = ACID (see future flash card)
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
measles (rubeola / red measles) - on buccal mucosa - white / bluish spots
uncooked beef


23. Leading cause of death in adults in the US
acellular protein which denatures other proteins - cannot be autoclaved - mad cow disease
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
Affects mitral valve (aka ashkov bodies) - Can = carditis - Sammy = syndenham's chorea - Suck = subcutaneous nodule - Ethyl's = Erythema marginatum - Polyps = migratory Polyarthritis
influenza


24. FDA
Indicate how the organisms are named - (King Paul Can Only Find Good Spices) Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species
Regulated health products to the public
2 populations living together - both benefit
SERGIS: - Strep throat - Erysipelas - Rheumatic fever - Glomerulonephritis - Impetigo - Scarlet Fever


25. Formaldehyde
ncooked pork
fix gross specimens
acid fast - M=mycobacterium - A=acid - F=fast
toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell - heat stable - gram (-) have these


26. What are the 5 diseases caused by staph aureus?
1 tuberculosis 2 malaria
161
I - Immune-complex mediated - IgG and complement [3 things = type III] = antigen + antibody + complement
STOIC: Scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - Toxic shockOsteomyelitis - Impetigo - Carbuncles [staph aureus produces alpha toxin aka alpha hemolysin]


27. Enterobacteria
In liver - contaminated aquatic plants (ie kelp) - hemoptysis
causes diarrhea
river blindness - flies - in Africa
influenza


28. Gohn complex are inclusion bodies associated with...

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29. Temperature and time for flash/continuous method of pasteurization
grown in candle jars culture
toxin outside the cell from cellular waste products - heat labile - cook your food!
161
dead/decaying material


30. Amphitrichus

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31. Exotoxin
given antibody in utero - breastfeeding - in utero = IgG - breastfeeding = IgA
all spread by mosquitos
toxin outside the cell from cellular waste products - heat labile - cook your food!
Cranial nerve V pattern


32. Prion
Strep pyogenes
Made by big bone marrow - in blood and lymph system
acellular protein which denatures other proteins - cannot be autoclaved - mad cow disease
anterior horn - lower motor neuron signs


33. Negri bodies are inclusion bodies associated with..
rabies and hydrophobia
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
Inanimate object is a vector - hapten partial or half antigen - does not stimulate immune response - needs to bind to protein to become active
Comes from milk - (this is the only one not from an insect)


34. What do heterotrophs eat?
Inorganic material
rabies and hydrophobia
Does research - (not stats)
organic material


35. Russell bodies are inclusion bodies associated with...
toxin outside the cell from cellular waste products - heat labile - cook your food!
In plasma cells - consists of antibodies - from chronic inflammation - and malignant disorders - associated with multiple myeloma
STOIC: Scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - Toxic shockOsteomyelitis - Impetigo - Carbuncles [staph aureus produces alpha toxin aka alpha hemolysin]
salk - rabies


36. Taenia saginata
Chlamydia
hemorrhagic jaundice - aka Wheel's disease
Helps IgG
uncooked beef


37. Interleukin I
2 populations living together - one or both benefit
Lymphocyte activating factor - made by macrophages for brain and nervous tissue
In raw contaminated fish
DiGeorge's syndrome - (primary immune deficiency)


38. What are the 4 Koch's postulates
1. find microorganism in people suffering from the disease 2. isolate and grow the microorganism in culture 3. should cause disease in a healthy individual when introduced 4. re-isolate microorganism from the inoculated people
aka post-infectious polyradiculopathy - ascending demyelination of PNS - can be acquired after influenza vaccination or infection
staph aureus
Catalase


39. Serratia
hepatitis associated with alcoholism
Non specific - largest and heaviest - first to increase (first exposure)
antibody against a toxin - (artificial passive immunity) - purified antiserum from animals who have been given the toxoid
red pus


40. The classical antigen-antibody pathways meet at...
filiariasis - mosquitoes - elephants - lymphatic blockage
C3B complement
161
grown in candle jars culture


41. Trichonella spiralis
serratia marcenscus
Categorizes streptococcus demonstrates the type of hemolysis (destruction of RBCs)
Trichinosis - raw pork - lives in striated muscles - intercostals and diaphragm - diagnosed on x-ray especially gastrocnemius biopsy to confirm
Can be in presence of absence of O2 - facultative aerobe = prefers O2 - facultative anaerobe = prefers no O2


42. EPA
Controls FDA - CDC - US Public Health Services
Monitors soil - air and water quality
DiGeorge's syndrome - (primary immune deficiency)
river blindness - flies - in Africa


43. Lab test for anthrax
Mucous membrane (saliva - tears) - buys time for the body to recognize the invader - breast milk
Ascholi test
bubonic plague
negri inclusion bodies - bullet shaped - leads to hydrophobia (throat hurts - so don't want to drink water - this why dogs foam at the mouth)


44. Necator americanus
aka ancylostoma duodenale - fecal contaminated soil - wear shoes to prevent - most common hookworm in US
Lymphocyte activating factor - made by macrophages for brain and nervous tissue
oral-fecal - colicky pain - lives in small intestines - most common roundworm ('ass' is round) infection worldwide - most common helminth world wide
Bruten's A Gamma Globulin Anemia - (primary immune deficiency)


45. Lewy bodies are inclusion bodies associated with...

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46. Franciella
franciella tularensis - rabbit fever
Regulated health products to the public
Controls FDA - CDC - US Public Health Services
bubonic plague


47. Hepatitis B
whooping cough
Most common liver cancer - spread by dirty needles and sexual contact
Transmitted fecal-oral contamination - affects anterior horn (alpha motor)
dead/decaying material


48. What is combined immunosuppressant disease?
grown in candle jars culture
no T cells and no B cells
red jelly sputum
polio


49. Active immunity vs passive immunity
salk - rabies
active = body must actively make antibodies - passive = body receives antibodies from outside source
spread by food - self limiting
pinworm - anus-finger-mouth - scotch tape or anal cellophane - nocturnal anal itching - most common helminth in the US


50. Pseudomonas
fix gross specimens
Brody's abcess
for staph
blue/green pus - warm moist places - most common pneumonia and cyclic fibrosis