Microbiology Board

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Onchocerca volvulus
Tetanus - botulism
old name
river blindness - flies - in Africa
developed smallpox vaccine


2. Necator americanus
heterophile agglutination test for mononucleosis - downy cell inclusion bodies 'don't let mono get you down'
spontaneous abortion in cattle
aka ancylostoma duodenale - fecal contaminated soil - wear shoes to prevent - most common hookworm in US
Inorganic material


3. Leading cause of death in adults in the US
small pox (variola)
Inflammation of parotids
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
Cranial nerve V pattern


4. Eukaryotes
staph aureus
True nucleus - organelles ie. human cells - protozoa like giardia and amoeba
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments
bloody transfusions


5. Ascaris lumbricoides

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6. Zoonosis
atypical lymphocytes
Transfer of disease from animal to human - (ie anthrax gram + - sporulates)
serratia marcenscus
Yellow fever


7. Herpes simplex
1. filtration 2. flocculation (aluminum salts) 3. sedimentation 4. sludge digestion (add anaerobic bacteria)
Cranial nerve V pattern
161
viral hepatitis


8. Cell conjugation
proved bacteria 'causes' disease - Koch's 4 postulates
Identifies risk factors
plasmid DNA transfer via sex pilus - bestows antimicrobial resistance
161


9. Live attenuated vaccine
1 tuberculosis 2 malaria
red pus
Measles - mumps - rubella - Sabin
C3B complement


10. What are the characteristics of carbuncles?

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11. Which vaccines are manufactured using monkey kidney tissue?
Identifies risk factors
gonorrhea
polio
Lymphocyte activating factor - made by macrophages for brain and nervous tissue


12. Formaldehyde
Infection in children - honey crusted lesions around the mouth - #1 cause is staph aureus
gonorrhea
fix gross specimens
Catalase


13. Mycoplasm
atypical pneumonia - mycoplasms lacks cell wall
Indicate how the organisms are named - (King Paul Can Only Find Good Spices) Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species
acid fast - M=mycobacterium - A=acid - F=fast
True nucleus - organelles ie. human cells - protozoa like giardia and amoeba


14. What will result if born without T cells?

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15. Lewy bodies are inclusion bodies associated with...

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16. Councilman cells are inclusion bodies associated with...
Infested waters - penetrates unbroken skin - host is snail - most common cause of death in helminth world wide - inhabits liver
toxin that affects the intestines - ie. lipopolysaccharides can be enterotoxic
viral hepatitis
tertiary syphilis


17. Salk
2 populations living together - one benefits - the other is unaffected
dyptheria - gray pseudomembrane in throat - pleomorphic - many shapes - chinese characters
dead polio vaccine - by injection - done before Sabin
mononucleosis


18. Bordatellum
whooping cough
the purpose of opsonization is to enhance phagocytosis - (marks the target for strike)
Crayfish - mouth
Infection in children - honey crusted lesions around the mouth - #1 cause is staph aureus


19. D'Herelle - Felix
guarnari bodies
discovered bacteriophage - an altered virus
Yellow fever
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments


20. Type I hypersensitivity reaction
aquatic plants - contaminated snail feces gets into plants
Tetanus - botulism
A Anaphylactic (immediate) - IgE - mast cell - basophils - histamine release - bee sting - hay fever
single flagella on one pole


21. Polio
discovered bacteriophage - an altered virus
Transmitted fecal-oral contamination - affects anterior horn (alpha motor)
Trichinosis - raw pork - lives in striated muscles - intercostals and diaphragm - diagnosed on x-ray especially gastrocnemius biopsy to confirm
whooping cough


22. What are the 4 Koch's postulates
Allergic reactions - increases in Hodgkins disease (Reed-Sternberg cells)
1. find microorganism in people suffering from the disease 2. isolate and grow the microorganism in culture 3. should cause disease in a healthy individual when introduced 4. re-isolate microorganism from the inoculated people
(not research) - morbidity and epidemiology statistics
Bruten's A Gamma Globulin Anemia - (primary immune deficiency)


23. Case control study
Identifies risk factors
was used for newborn's eyes (no longer used now - erythromycin instead) - prevents ophthalmia neonatorum (most common cause = gonorrhea)
anterior horn - lower motor neuron signs
Does research - (not stats)


24. Epithelioid histiocytes are inclusion bodies associated with...
bubonic plague
Influenza
TB
most common cause of UTI - enterotoxic - 'traveller's disease' - E.coli 157 - enterohemorrhagic (meat)


25. What is the #2 cause of impetigo?
T-cell growth factor - made by CD4 cells - CD4 = T-Helper cell = 'quarterback' of immune system - directs response of immune system
blue/green pus - warm moist places - most common pneumonia and cyclic fibrosis
oral-fecal - colicky pain - lives in small intestines - most common roundworm ('ass' is round) infection worldwide - most common helminth world wide
Strep pyogenes


26. Peritrichus

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27. Hepatitis B
Inactivated toxin (active artificial immunity)
Most common liver cancer - spread by dirty needles and sexual contact
all spread by mosquitos
Strep pyogenes


28. Klebsiella pneumonia
red jelly sputum
dead/decaying material
old name
anterior horn - lower motor neuron signs


29. Koplik spots are inclusion bodies associated with...
161
Influenza
measles (rubeola / red measles) - on buccal mucosa - white / bluish spots
DiGeorge's syndrome - (primary immune deficiency)


30. Mutualism
Methycilline resistant staph aureus - hospitals use vancomycin now
secondary
2 populations living together - both benefit
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments


31. Natural passive immunity
Goodpasteur
eliminates placebo
given antibody in utero - breastfeeding - in utero = IgG - breastfeeding = IgA
Major histocompatibility complex - Act as a post on surface (self vs non-self) - involve with tissue graft rejection and organ rejection T-cells recognize MHC I - B-cells recognize MHC I & II


32. What are extensive aschoff bodies?
Injection of attenuated organism - ie. tetanus toxoid = inactivated portion that triggers immune system to make antibody
heterophile agglutinization (Paul Bunnel) - Downey cell (don't let mono get you down) - monospot
McCallums Patch
Indicate how the organisms are named - (King Paul Can Only Find Good Spices) Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species


33. Symbiosis
fix gross specimens
direct uptake of free DNA
2 populations living together - one or both benefit
Legionnaire disease - water droplets - pontiac disease


34. Shigella
acellular protein which denatures other proteins - cannot be autoclaved - mad cow disease
In liver - contaminated aquatic plants (ie kelp) - hemoptysis
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
dysentery


35. Type III hypersensitivity reaction
I - Immune-complex mediated - IgG and complement [3 things = type III] = antigen + antibody + complement
toxin that affects the nervous system - ie. botulism - tetanus
(not research) - morbidity and epidemiology statistics
discovered penicillin


36. What are the only Gram + organisms?
staph aureus
psuedomonas aeruginosa - open burn infection - unsanitized hot tub - fluoresces blue under UV light from pyocyanin and fluorescein pigment
BLCCSS (blocks) - Bacillus - Listeria monocytogenes - Clostridium - Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Staph - Strep
Indicate how the organisms are organized and classified


37. What do heterotrophs eat?
Affects mitral valve (aka ashkov bodies) - Can = carditis - Sammy = syndenham's chorea - Suck = subcutaneous nodule - Ethyl's = Erythema marginatum - Polyps = migratory Polyarthritis
Made by big bone marrow - in blood and lymph system
No true nucleus - no organelles (no mitochondria) ie. bacteria
organic material


38. Interleukins
Chemicals produced by cells - (I - II - III)
Steam heat under - denatures membranes - ineffective against prions
stain for mycobacteria
pre-op disinfectant


39. Enterotoxin
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments
toxin that affects the intestines - ie. lipopolysaccharides can be enterotoxic
fever blisters (cold sores) above the belt can be trigeminal aka gasserian nucleus
Classified streptococcus


40. A Name for strep throa
pharyngitis
Magic bullet - sulfa drugs - first treatment for syphilis
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
Canine feces - found in dogs - wolves and humans - hydatid cysts in live and lung


41. Antitoxin
antibody against a toxin - (artificial passive immunity) - purified antiserum from animals who have been given the toxoid
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
direct uptake of free DNA
filiariasis - mosquitoes - elephants - lymphatic blockage


42. Clonorchis sinensis in liver
red pus
old name
proved bacteria 'causes' disease - Koch's 4 postulates
In raw contaminated fish


43. Acid fast
old name
aka St Anthony's Fire - superficial form of cellulitis - inflammation of dermis
stain for mycobacteria
ncooked pork


44. Temperature and time for holding/batch method of pasteurization
fever blisters (cold sores) above the belt can be trigeminal aka gasserian nucleus
rubella - rabies - Hep A
145
D= Dwarf H= Spreading M= Mucoid capsule forming - related to virulence O= compact (O vs H) R= Rough S= Smooth


45. IgD
TB (inactive phase) -calcium 'jail' around mycobacterium
aquatic plants - contaminated snail feces gets into plants
Helps IgG
Transmitted fecal-oral contamination - affects anterior horn (alpha motor)


46. Paragonimus westermani in lung
Lungs - ie. tuberculosis - blastomycosis - pneumoconiosis
fish - mouth - contaminated sushi - may cause pernicious anemia (B12) - yellow fin tuna most commonly has it
Crayfish - mouth
5. sand filtration (removes anaerobic bacteria) 6. aeration (adds oxygen) 7. chlorination (kills remaining bacteria) 8. possible flouridation


47. Obligate
Catalase
follows dermatome
Comes from milk - (this is the only one not from an insect)
Can only be in ONE environment - not the other - obligate aerobe = only in O2 - obligate anaerobe = only without O2


48. Inactivated vaccine
(not research) - morbidity and epidemiology statistics
follows dermatome
D - Delayed hypersensitivity - aka cell mediated aka cellular - T-Cell lymohocytes - this is the only one NOT antibody mediated - transplant rejection via MHC
salk - rabies


49. NIH
eats off living organism
serratia marcenscus
Does research - (not stats)
was used for newborn's eyes (no longer used now - erythromycin instead) - prevents ophthalmia neonatorum (most common cause = gonorrhea)


50. Pyusner - Stanley
influenza
Steam heat under - denatures membranes - ineffective against prions
the purpose of opsonization is to enhance phagocytosis - (marks the target for strike)
discovered prions (acellular proteins which denature other proteins) - prions cause mad cow disease - creutzfield jacob - scrapie in sheep - kuru in New Guinea