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Microbiology Board

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Wuchereria bancrofti
the purpose of opsonization is to enhance phagocytosis - (marks the target for strike)
plasmid DNA transfer via sex pilus - bestows antimicrobial resistance
filiariasis - mosquitoes - elephants - lymphatic blockage
Made by big bone marrow - in blood and lymph system

2. What will result if born without B cells at birth?

3. Case control study
Identifies risk factors
Injection of attenuated organism - ie. tetanus toxoid = inactivated portion that triggers immune system to make antibody
tertiary syphilis
Steam heat under - denatures membranes - ineffective against prions

4. Prion
acellular protein which denatures other proteins - cannot be autoclaved - mad cow disease
TB (inactive phase) -calcium 'jail' around mycobacterium
discovered prions (acellular proteins which denature other proteins) - prions cause mad cow disease - creutzfield jacob - scrapie in sheep - kuru in New Guinea
whooping cough

5. Brucella
Inanimate object is a vector - hapten partial or half antigen - does not stimulate immune response - needs to bind to protein to become active
Can be in presence of absence of O2 - facultative aerobe = prefers O2 - facultative anaerobe = prefers no O2
spontaneous abortion in cattle
whip worm ('whip those t's into shape) oral-fecal weight loss

6. Onchocerca volvulus
'both' flagella are on both poles
whip worm ('whip those t's into shape) oral-fecal weight loss
river blindness - flies - in Africa
secondary

7. Ehrlich
1. filtration 2. flocculation (aluminum salts) 3. sedimentation 4. sludge digestion (add anaerobic bacteria)
franciella tularensis - rabbit fever
Magic bullet - sulfa drugs - first treatment for syphilis
1 tuberculosis 2 malaria

8. Anything ending in '-osis' is usually acquired to transmitted via the
aka ancylostoma duodenale - fecal contaminated soil - wear shoes to prevent - most common hookworm in US
for gram negative - inhibits protein synthesis
blue/green pus - warm moist places - most common pneumonia and cyclic fibrosis
Lungs - ie. tuberculosis - blastomycosis - pneumoconiosis

9. Family and genus
Chlamydia
Indicate how the organisms are organized and classified
Indicate how the organisms are named - (King Paul Can Only Find Good Spices) Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species
In liver - contaminated aquatic plants (ie kelp) - hemoptysis

10. Blue/green purulent (pus)
Cranial nerve V pattern
psuedomonas aeruginosa - open burn infection - unsanitized hot tub - fluoresces blue under UV light from pyocyanin and fluorescein pigment
Tetanus - botulism
1. find microorganism in people suffering from the disease 2. isolate and grow the microorganism in culture 3. should cause disease in a healthy individual when introduced 4. re-isolate microorganism from the inoculated people

11. Toxoid vaccine
Tetanus - botulism
DiGeorge's syndrome - (primary immune deficiency)
TB (inactive phase) -calcium 'jail' around mycobacterium
Classified streptococcus

12. All mycobacterium are _____
acid fast - M=mycobacterium - A=acid - F=fast
developed humoral 'phagocytic' theory of immune response
DiGeorge's syndrome - (primary immune deficiency)
fever blisters (cold sores) above the belt can be trigeminal aka gasserian nucleus

13. Guillene-Barre
subunit of protein coat 'capsid' of virus particle
for typhoid fever
Most common liver cancer - spread by dirty needles and sexual contact
aka post-infectious polyradiculopathy - ascending demyelination of PNS - can be acquired after influenza vaccination or infection

14. Temperature and time for flash/continuous method of pasteurization
Typhoid fever - salmonella enteridese -> from chicken poop
161
grown in candle jars culture
developed smallpox vaccine

15. What is the purpose of complement system?
'old age pigment' - lipid residue - build up of lipofuscin in organs = 'brown's atrophy'
BLCCSS (blocks) - Bacillus - Listeria monocytogenes - Clostridium - Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Staph - Strep
enhances phagocytosis or cellular lysis
rheumatic fever

16. What is the test for gonorrhea?
1 tuberculosis 2 malaria
Chocolate agar aka Thayer Martin agar aka heated blood agar
eastern equine encephalitis
exposed to disease = body reacts - ie. measles - chicken pox triggers antibody production

17. Artificial passive immunity
serratia marcenscus
T-cell growth factor - made by CD4 cells - CD4 = T-Helper cell = 'quarterback' of immune system - directs response of immune system
viral hepatitis
Injection of preformed antibodies - ie. tetanus antitoxin = pre-made antibody attacks circulating toxins - not bound toxins - tetanus antitoxin CANNOT cross blood brain barrier

18. Salk
rubella - rabies - Hep A
pre-op disinfectant
dead polio vaccine - by injection - done before Sabin
most common cause of UTI - enterotoxic - 'traveller's disease' - E.coli 157 - enterohemorrhagic (meat)

19. Lophotrichus
Inorganic material
Multiple flagella on one pole (tuft at one end)
Dicks test
Made by big bone marrow - in blood and lymph system

20. Iwanowski
In liver - contaminated aquatic plants (ie kelp) - hemoptysis
Catalase
toxin outside the cell from cellular waste products - heat labile - cook your food!
discovered the virus - tobacco mosaic virus was the first

21. Gummas are inclusion bodies associated with...
True nucleus - organelles ie. human cells - protozoa like giardia and amoeba
developed the first microscope - saw microorganisms
exposed to disease = body reacts - ie. measles - chicken pox triggers antibody production
tertiary syphilis

22. Serratia
red pus
hemorrhagic jaundice - aka Wheel's disease
pharyngitis
Can be in presence of absence of O2 - facultative aerobe = prefers O2 - facultative anaerobe = prefers no O2

23. Obligate
proved bacteria 'causes' disease - Koch's 4 postulates
Can only be in ONE environment - not the other - obligate aerobe = only in O2 - obligate anaerobe = only without O2
dead/decaying material
TB

24. When examining the agar plate - describe the colony variation (morphology)
Identifies risk factors
D= Dwarf H= Spreading M= Mucoid capsule forming - related to virulence O= compact (O vs H) R= Rough S= Smooth
hepatitis associated with alcoholism
acellular protein which denatures other proteins - cannot be autoclaved - mad cow disease

25. Iodine
pre-op disinfectant
aka ancylostoma duodenale - fecal contaminated soil - wear shoes to prevent - most common hookworm in US
1. find microorganism in people suffering from the disease 2. isolate and grow the microorganism in culture 3. should cause disease in a healthy individual when introduced 4. re-isolate microorganism from the inoculated people
no T cells and no B cells

26. Leading cause of death in children in the US
river eye worm - flies - aka African Eye Worm
C5B - C9
1 congenital malformations 2 prematurity
heterophile agglutination test for mononucleosis - downy cell inclusion bodies 'don't let mono get you down'

27. Type III hypersensitivity reaction
metachromatic granules seen in diphtheria (pseudomembrane in throat)
I - Immune-complex mediated - IgG and complement [3 things = type III] = antigen + antibody + complement
Chemicals produced by cells - (I - II - III)
guarnari bodies

28. Zoonosis
Inactivated toxin (active artificial immunity)
Transfer of disease from animal to human - (ie anthrax gram + - sporulates)
eastern equine encephalitis
whip worm ('whip those t's into shape) oral-fecal weight loss

29. Yellow purulent
staph aureus
psuedomonas aeruginosa - open burn infection - unsanitized hot tub - fluoresces blue under UV light from pyocyanin and fluorescein pigment
161
hepatitis associated with alcoholism

30. What causes Group A beta hemolytic strep?
Infection in children - honey crusted lesions around the mouth - #1 cause is staph aureus
Goodpasteur
Can only be in ONE environment - not the other - obligate aerobe = only in O2 - obligate anaerobe = only without O2
atypical pneumonia - mycoplasms lacks cell wall

31. Shigella
aka St Anthony's Fire - superficial form of cellulitis - inflammation of dermis
antibody against a toxin - (artificial passive immunity) - purified antiserum from animals who have been given the toxoid
dysentery
Steam heat under - denatures membranes - ineffective against prions

32. Enterobacteria
Helps IgG
causes diarrhea
single flagella on one pole
Bruten's A Gamma Globulin Anemia - (primary immune deficiency)

33. Pyusner - Stanley
discovered prions (acellular proteins which denature other proteins) - prions cause mad cow disease - creutzfield jacob - scrapie in sheep - kuru in New Guinea
Multiple flagella on one pole (tuft at one end)
D - Delayed hypersensitivity - aka cell mediated aka cellular - T-Cell lymohocytes - this is the only one NOT antibody mediated - transplant rejection via MHC
staph aureus

34. Haemophilis haemophilis
staph aureus
Ascholi test
influenza
small pox (variola)

35. Inactivated vaccine
Measles - mumps vaccine
river blindness - flies - in Africa
salk - rabies
old name

36. Vibrio cholera

37. What is seen with mononucleosis heterophile antibody?

38. Capsomere

39. MRSA =
Typhoid fever - salmonella enteridese -> from chicken poop
Methycilline resistant staph aureus - hospitals use vancomycin now
161
gonorrhea

40. Echinococcus granulosus
Canine feces - found in dogs - wolves and humans - hydatid cysts in live and lung
dead/decaying material
'around' - flagella everywhere
Indicate how the organisms are named - (King Paul Can Only Find Good Spices) Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species

41. Reed - Walter
parkinson's - aka paralysis agitans - shuffling / festering gait
toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell - heat stable - gram (-) have these
Yellow fever
spread by food - self limiting

42. Mutualism
2 populations living together - both benefit
Chlamydia
types I - IV - pneumonic = ACID (see future flash card)
T-cell growth factor - made by CD4 cells - CD4 = T-Helper cell = 'quarterback' of immune system - directs response of immune system

43. Primary water purification process
organic material
145
1. filtration 2. flocculation (aluminum salts) 3. sedimentation 4. sludge digestion (add anaerobic bacteria)
A Anaphylactic (immediate) - IgE - mast cell - basophils - histamine release - bee sting - hay fever

44. What are the only Gram + organisms?
Chlamydia
BLCCSS (blocks) - Bacillus - Listeria monocytogenes - Clostridium - Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Staph - Strep
Inflammation of parotids
Helps IgG

45. Enterotoxin
acellular protein which denatures other proteins - cannot be autoclaved - mad cow disease
discovered prions (acellular proteins which denature other proteins) - prions cause mad cow disease - creutzfield jacob - scrapie in sheep - kuru in New Guinea
toxin that affects the intestines - ie. lipopolysaccharides can be enterotoxic
TB

46. Details of erysipelas

47. Shistosoma japonicum in blood
1 congenital malformations 2 prematurity
Came up with washing hands before delivering baby and significantly reduced puerperal fever (aka childbed fever) - this can develop into sepsis - contracted by women after childbirth
Infested waters - penetrates unbroken skin - host is snail - most common cause of death in helminth world wide - inhabits liver
dyptheria - gray pseudomembrane in throat - pleomorphic - many shapes - chinese characters

48. Coxiella
Comes from milk - (this is the only one not from an insect)
follows dermatome
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments
for serology test for all rickettsia except coxiella burnetti (Q fever) - antigen for test = proteus vulgaris

49. Enterobius vermicularis
no T cells and no B cells
dysentery
pinworm - anus-finger-mouth - scotch tape or anal cellophane - nocturnal anal itching - most common helminth in the US
Affects mitral valve (aka ashkov bodies) - Can = carditis - Sammy = syndenham's chorea - Suck = subcutaneous nodule - Ethyl's = Erythema marginatum - Polyps = migratory Polyarthritis

50. Neurotoxin
T-cell growth factor - made by CD4 cells - CD4 = T-Helper cell = 'quarterback' of immune system - directs response of immune system
bloody transfusions
toxin that affects the nervous system - ie. botulism - tetanus
Multiple flagella on one pole (tuft at one end)