Microbiology Board

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Toxoid
whip worm ('whip those t's into shape) oral-fecal weight loss
Inactivated toxin (active artificial immunity)
gonorrhea
mononucleosis


2. Inactivated vaccine
dyptheria - gray pseudomembrane in throat - pleomorphic - many shapes - chinese characters
Influenza
salk - rabies
oral-fecal - colicky pain - lives in small intestines - most common roundworm ('ass' is round) infection worldwide - most common helminth world wide


3. What are the characteristics of carbuncles?

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4. Leading cause of death world wide
1 tuberculosis 2 malaria
PDD = purified protein derivative - Type IV (Delayed hypersensitivity reaction) - Ziehl Neilson staining (shows acid fast) - chest x-ray john complex
anterior horn - lower motor neuron signs
2 populations living together - both benefit


5. Encephalitis
all spread by mosquitos
e coli in water purification - fecal contamination in water
Regulated health products to the public
2 populations living together - one benefits - the other is unaffected


6. Microareophilic reduced oxygen (ie high altitude plants)
river eye worm - flies - aka African Eye Worm
organic material
grown in candle jars culture
for gram negative - competes with PABA


7. Natural active immunity
STOIC: Scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - Toxic shockOsteomyelitis - Impetigo - Carbuncles [staph aureus produces alpha toxin aka alpha hemolysin]
dead/decaying material
exposed to disease = body reacts - ie. measles - chicken pox triggers antibody production
eastern equine encephalitis


8. Koplik spots are inclusion bodies associated with...
measles (rubeola / red measles) - on buccal mucosa - white / bluish spots
Affects mitral valve (aka ashkov bodies) - Can = carditis - Sammy = syndenham's chorea - Suck = subcutaneous nodule - Ethyl's = Erythema marginatum - Polyps = migratory Polyarthritis
Mantoux test aka tinne test aka skin prick test - PPD = purified protein derivative - delayed hypersensitivity (Type IV) - Zeihl Nielson staining (acid fast) - gohn complex in lung
enhances phagocytosis or cellular lysis


9. Red purulent
serratia marcenscus
Measles
145
Infested waters - penetrates unbroken skin - host is snail - most common cause of death in helminth world wide - inhabits liver


10. Klebsiella pneumonia
red jelly sputum
C - Cytotoxic - IgG - [2 things = type II] antigen + antibody
145
for gram negative and positive - inhibits protein synthesis - turns teeth gray or yellow brown


11. Pseudomonas
blue/green pus - warm moist places - most common pneumonia and cyclic fibrosis
aquatic plants - contaminated snail feces gets into plants
developed humoral 'phagocytic' theory of immune response
Canine feces - found in dogs - wolves and humans - hydatid cysts in live and lung


12. Details of erysipelas

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13. Herpes simplex virus type 1
gonorrhea
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
spread by food - self limiting
fever blisters (cold sores) above the belt can be trigeminal aka gasserian nucleus


14. Formaldehyde
2 populations living together - one or both benefit
for gram negative - inhibits protein synthesis
fix gross specimens
red jelly sputum


15. Temperature and time for flash/continuous method of pasteurization
for serology test for all rickettsia except coxiella burnetti (Q fever) - antigen for test = proteus vulgaris
genital herpes 'below the belt'
161
pre-op disinfectant


16. Prion
strawberry tongue
Monitors soil - air and water quality
toxin that affects the nervous system - ie. botulism - tetanus
acellular protein which denatures other proteins - cannot be autoclaved - mad cow disease


17. Leptospira

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18. Poliovirus
river blindness - flies - in Africa
aka ancylostoma duodenale - fecal contaminated soil - wear shoes to prevent - most common hookworm in US
anterior horn - lower motor neuron signs
plasmid DNA transfer via sex pilus - bestows antimicrobial resistance


19. Lab test for scarlet fever
Tetanus by blocking inhibitory GABA and glycine - (GABA in brain - glycine in spinal cord)
stain for mycobacteria
Dicks test
strawberry tongue


20. What do heterotrophs eat?
2 populations living together - both benefit and accomplish things that they can't do alone
organic material
toxin outside the cell from cellular waste products - heat labile - cook your food!
D= Dwarf H= Spreading M= Mucoid capsule forming - related to virulence O= compact (O vs H) R= Rough S= Smooth


21. What will you see on TB test?
Came up with washing hands before delivering baby and significantly reduced puerperal fever (aka childbed fever) - this can develop into sepsis - contracted by women after childbirth
PDD = purified protein derivative - Type IV (Delayed hypersensitivity reaction) - Ziehl Neilson staining (shows acid fast) - chest x-ray john complex
toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell - heat stable - gram (-) have these
Tetanus by blocking inhibitory GABA and glycine - (GABA in brain - glycine in spinal cord)


22. USDA
viral hepatitis
Chemicals produced by cells - (I - II - III)
responsible for milk and milk products
'old age pigment' - lipid residue - build up of lipofuscin in organs = 'brown's atrophy'


23. Pastuer
Canine feces - found in dogs - wolves and humans - hydatid cysts in live and lung
father of pathology and germ theory - rabies vaccine - disproved spontaneous generation - pasteurization of wine - then milk
aka post-infectious polyradiculopathy - ascending demyelination of PNS - can be acquired after influenza vaccination or infection
Indicate how the organisms are named - (King Paul Can Only Find Good Spices) Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species


24. Hasteurellis
old name
Crayfish - mouth
most common cause of UTI - enterotoxic - 'traveller's disease' - E.coli 157 - enterohemorrhagic (meat)
Major histocompatibility complex - Act as a post on surface (self vs non-self) - involve with tissue graft rejection and organ rejection T-cells recognize MHC I - B-cells recognize MHC I & II


25. Reed sternberg are inclusion bodies associated with...

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26. Which vaccines are manufactured using human diploid cells?
rubella - rabies - Hep A
Inanimate object is a vector - hapten partial or half antigen - does not stimulate immune response - needs to bind to protein to become active
hemorrhagic jaundice - aka Wheel's disease
Brody's abcess


27. Rabies

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28. Lipofuscin are inclusion bodies associated with...

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29. Interleukin II

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30. Criteria of rheumatic fever

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31. Monotrichus
BLCCSS (blocks) - Bacillus - Listeria monocytogenes - Clostridium - Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Staph - Strep
Mucous membrane (saliva - tears) - buys time for the body to recognize the invader - breast milk
Transmitted fecal-oral contamination - affects anterior horn (alpha motor)
single flagella on one pole


32. Councilman cells are inclusion bodies associated with...
measles (rubeola / red measles) - on buccal mucosa - white / bluish spots
viral hepatitis
Catalase
pinworm - anus-finger-mouth - scotch tape or anal cellophane - nocturnal anal itching - most common helminth in the US


33. What is the number one cause of impetigo and myelitis?
staph aureus
Coagulase
Inflammation of parotids
fish - mouth - contaminated sushi - may cause pernicious anemia (B12) - yellow fin tuna most commonly has it


34. Shistosoma japonicum in blood
atypical lymphocytes
Infested waters - penetrates unbroken skin - host is snail - most common cause of death in helminth world wide - inhabits liver
toxin that affects the intestines - ie. lipopolysaccharides can be enterotoxic
hepatitis associated with alcoholism


35. White purulent
toxin outside the cell from cellular waste products - heat labile - cook your food!
rubella - rabies - Hep A
Chlamydia
1 congenital malformations 2 prematurity


36. What causes Group A beta hemolytic strep?
Lungs - ie. tuberculosis - blastomycosis - pneumoconiosis
Goodpasteur
measles (rubeola / red measles) - on buccal mucosa - white / bluish spots
single flagella on one pole


37. Clostridium tetani
Inflammation of parotids
No true nucleus - no organelles (no mitochondria) ie. bacteria
Tetanus by blocking inhibitory GABA and glycine - (GABA in brain - glycine in spinal cord)
Regulated health products to the public


38. Natural passive immunity
eastern equine encephalitis
Methycilline resistant staph aureus - hospitals use vancomycin now
given antibody in utero - breastfeeding - in utero = IgG - breastfeeding = IgA
subunit of protein coat 'capsid' of virus particle


39. Type I hypersensitivity reaction
A Anaphylactic (immediate) - IgE - mast cell - basophils - histamine release - bee sting - hay fever
Allergic reactions - increases in Hodgkins disease (Reed-Sternberg cells)
types I - IV - pneumonic = ACID (see future flash card)
Hodgkin's


40. Lophotrichus
Most common liver cancer - spread by dirty needles and sexual contact
Multiple flagella on one pole (tuft at one end)
rheumatic fever
secondary


41. MRSA =
red jelly sputum
bubonic plague
pinworm - anus-finger-mouth - scotch tape or anal cellophane - nocturnal anal itching - most common helminth in the US
Methycilline resistant staph aureus - hospitals use vancomycin now


42. Salk
Transfer of disease from animal to human - (ie anthrax gram + - sporulates)
Classified streptococcus
oral-fecal - colicky pain - lives in small intestines - most common roundworm ('ass' is round) infection worldwide - most common helminth world wide
dead polio vaccine - by injection - done before Sabin


43. Herpes simplex virus type 2

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44. Is AIDS a primary or secondary immune deficiency?
Measles - mumps - rubella - Sabin
polio
secondary
rabies and hydrophobia


45. Hepatitis B
Most common liver cancer - spread by dirty needles and sexual contact
Transfer of disease from animal to human - (ie anthrax gram + - sporulates)
hepatitis associated with alcoholism
I - Immune-complex mediated - IgG and complement [3 things = type III] = antigen + antibody + complement


46. Leading cause of death in adults in the US
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
1 congenital malformations 2 prematurity
Affects mitral valve (aka ashkov bodies) - Can = carditis - Sammy = syndenham's chorea - Suck = subcutaneous nodule - Ethyl's = Erythema marginatum - Polyps = migratory Polyarthritis
developed humoral 'phagocytic' theory of immune response


47. Downey cells are inclusion bodies associated with...
bloody transfusions
Most numerous - crosses placenta - anamnestic response 'without amnesia' - the body remembers from the last time you had the disease and secretes the same amount of IgG next time
STOIC: Scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - Toxic shockOsteomyelitis - Impetigo - Carbuncles [staph aureus produces alpha toxin aka alpha hemolysin]
mononucleosis


48. Hepatitis A
spread by food - self limiting
Ascholi test
hemorrhagic jaundice - aka Wheel's disease
1 congenital malformations 2 prematurity


49. Cell conjugation
Can only be in ONE environment - not the other - obligate aerobe = only in O2 - obligate anaerobe = only without O2
plasmid DNA transfer via sex pilus - bestows antimicrobial resistance
Comma shape - massive diarrhea 'rice water stool'
rabies and hydrophobia


50. Which vaccines are manufactured using monkey kidney tissue?
polio
DiGeorge's syndrome - (primary immune deficiency)
franciella tularensis - rabbit fever
antibody against a toxin - (artificial passive immunity) - purified antiserum from animals who have been given the toxoid