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Microbiology Board

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Hepatitis A
Injection of attenuated organism - ie. tetanus toxoid = inactivated portion that triggers immune system to make antibody
Influenza
1. find microorganism in people suffering from the disease 2. isolate and grow the microorganism in culture 3. should cause disease in a healthy individual when introduced 4. re-isolate microorganism from the inoculated people
spread by food - self limiting

2. Leading cause of death in adults in the US
Comma shape - massive diarrhea 'rice water stool'
dead/decaying material
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
for staph

3. Artificial active immunity
no T cells and no B cells
Injection of attenuated organism - ie. tetanus toxoid = inactivated portion that triggers immune system to make antibody
rubella - rabies - Hep A
exposed to disease = body reacts - ie. measles - chicken pox triggers antibody production

4. Streptomycin
rubella - rabies - Hep A
small pox (variola)
for gram negative - inhibits protein synthesis
all spread by mosquitos

5. Guillene-Barre
aka post-infectious polyradiculopathy - ascending demyelination of PNS - can be acquired after influenza vaccination or infection
TB (inactive phase) -calcium 'jail' around mycobacterium
Magic bullet - sulfa drugs - first treatment for syphilis
Most numerous - crosses placenta - anamnestic response 'without amnesia' - the body remembers from the last time you had the disease and secretes the same amount of IgG next time

6. When examining the agar plate - describe the colony variation (morphology)
D= Dwarf H= Spreading M= Mucoid capsule forming - related to virulence O= compact (O vs H) R= Rough S= Smooth
viral hepatitis
161
Most numerous - crosses placenta - anamnestic response 'without amnesia' - the body remembers from the last time you had the disease and secretes the same amount of IgG next time

7. Lancefield - Rebecca
for gram negative - competes with PABA
guarnari bodies
Classified streptococcus
Indicate how the organisms are organized and classified

8. Lab test for scarlet fever
rheumatic fever
PDD = purified protein derivative - Type IV (Delayed hypersensitivity reaction) - Ziehl Neilson staining (shows acid fast) - chest x-ray john complex
all spread by mosquitos
Dicks test

9. Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
(not research) - morbidity and epidemiology statistics
measles (rubeola / red measles) - on buccal mucosa - white / bluish spots
D - Delayed hypersensitivity - aka cell mediated aka cellular - T-Cell lymohocytes - this is the only one NOT antibody mediated - transplant rejection via MHC
Injection of preformed antibodies - ie. tetanus antitoxin = pre-made antibody attacks circulating toxins - not bound toxins - tetanus antitoxin CANNOT cross blood brain barrier

10. Yellow purulent
staph aureus
whip worm ('whip those t's into shape) oral-fecal weight loss
rabies and hydrophobia
'old age pigment' - lipid residue - build up of lipofuscin in organs = 'brown's atrophy'

11. What are the signs and symptoms of impetigo?
Major histocompatibility complex - Act as a post on surface (self vs non-self) - involve with tissue graft rejection and organ rejection T-cells recognize MHC I - B-cells recognize MHC I & II
developed the first microscope - saw microorganisms
Can be in presence of absence of O2 - facultative aerobe = prefers O2 - facultative anaerobe = prefers no O2
Infection in children - honey crusted lesions around the mouth - #1 cause is staph aureus

12. Babes Ernst Granules are inclusion bodies associated with...
Lymphocyte activating factor - made by macrophages for brain and nervous tissue
Controls FDA - CDC - US Public Health Services
hepatitis associated with alcoholism
metachromatic granules seen in diphtheria (pseudomembrane in throat)

13. Obligate
pharyngitis
Can only be in ONE environment - not the other - obligate aerobe = only in O2 - obligate anaerobe = only without O2
the purpose of opsonization is to enhance phagocytosis - (marks the target for strike)
Regulated health products to the public

14. Flemming
discovered prions (acellular proteins which denature other proteins) - prions cause mad cow disease - creutzfield jacob - scrapie in sheep - kuru in New Guinea
discovered penicillin
aquatic plants - contaminated snail feces gets into plants
Allergic reactions - increases in Hodgkins disease (Reed-Sternberg cells)

15. Zoonosis
Transfer of disease from animal to human - (ie anthrax gram + - sporulates)
for gram negative - inhibits protein synthesis
pre-op disinfectant
dead polio vaccine - by injection - done before Sabin

16. Herpes simplex
Cranial nerve V pattern
for gram negative - inhibits protein synthesis
subunit of protein coat 'capsid' of virus particle
2 populations living together - one or both benefit

17. Lister
eats off living organism
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments
exposed to disease = body reacts - ie. measles - chicken pox triggers antibody production
rheumatic fever

18. Negri bodies are inclusion bodies associated with..
strawberry tongue
Transmitted fecal-oral contamination - affects anterior horn (alpha motor)
rabies and hydrophobia
Helps IgG

19. Commensalism
2 populations living together - one benefits - the other is unaffected
Injection of preformed antibodies - ie. tetanus antitoxin = pre-made antibody attacks circulating toxins - not bound toxins - tetanus antitoxin CANNOT cross blood brain barrier
blue/green pus - warm moist places - most common pneumonia and cyclic fibrosis
2 populations living together - one or both benefit

20. What is the purpose of complement system?
developed humoral 'phagocytic' theory of immune response
enhances phagocytosis or cellular lysis
Measles - mumps vaccine
Measles - mumps - rubella - Sabin

21. Red purulent
serratia marcenscus
toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell - heat stable - gram (-) have these
Hodgkin's
Major histocompatibility complex - Act as a post on surface (self vs non-self) - involve with tissue graft rejection and organ rejection T-cells recognize MHC I - B-cells recognize MHC I & II

22. Don't let mono get you down'
for typhoid fever
atypical lymphocytes
Allergic reactions - increases in Hodgkins disease (Reed-Sternberg cells)
polio

23. Genus and species
Indicate how the organisms are named - (King Paul Can Only Find Good Spices) Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species
'old age pigment' - lipid residue - build up of lipofuscin in organs = 'brown's atrophy'
Lungs - ie. tuberculosis - blastomycosis - pneumoconiosis
plasmid DNA transfer via sex pilus - bestows antimicrobial resistance

24. Type III hypersensitivity reaction
I - Immune-complex mediated - IgG and complement [3 things = type III] = antigen + antibody + complement
T-cell growth factor - made by CD4 cells - CD4 = T-Helper cell = 'quarterback' of immune system - directs response of immune system
pharyngitis
Tetanus - botulism

25. Lab test for anthrax
spread by food - self limiting
Inactivated toxin (active artificial immunity)
Hodgkin's
Ascholi test

26. Mallory bodies are inclusion bodies associated with...
river blindness - flies - in Africa
hepatitis associated with alcoholism
D= Dwarf H= Spreading M= Mucoid capsule forming - related to virulence O= compact (O vs H) R= Rough S= Smooth
Made by big bone marrow - in blood and lymph system

27. IgD
toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell - heat stable - gram (-) have these
Helps IgG
hemorrhagic jaundice - aka Wheel's disease
Brody's abcess

28. Which vaccines are manufactured using chick peas?
Measles - mumps vaccine
river eye worm - flies - aka African Eye Worm
In plasma cells - consists of antibodies - from chronic inflammation - and malignant disorders - associated with multiple myeloma
staph aureus

29. Monotrichus
Catalase
single flagella on one pole
guarnari bodies
Chemicals produced by cells - (I - II - III)

30. Leading cause of death world wide
1 tuberculosis 2 malaria
influenza
Tetanus - botulism
e coli in water purification - fecal contamination in water

31. IgE parasitic infections
BLCCSS (blocks) - Bacillus - Listeria monocytogenes - Clostridium - Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Staph - Strep
father of pathology and germ theory - rabies vaccine - disproved spontaneous generation - pasteurization of wine - then milk
heterophile agglutination test for mononucleosis - downy cell inclusion bodies 'don't let mono get you down'
Allergic reactions - increases in Hodgkins disease (Reed-Sternberg cells)

32. Reed sternberg are inclusion bodies associated with...

33. Anything ending in '-osis' is usually acquired to transmitted via the
Lungs - ie. tuberculosis - blastomycosis - pneumoconiosis
e coli in water purification - fecal contamination in water
mononucleosis
In liver - contaminated aquatic plants (ie kelp) - hemoptysis

34. Jenner
blue/green pus - warm moist places - most common pneumonia and cyclic fibrosis
Tetanus by blocking inhibitory GABA and glycine - (GABA in brain - glycine in spinal cord)
developed smallpox vaccine
A Anaphylactic (immediate) - IgE - mast cell - basophils - histamine release - bee sting - hay fever

35. Silver nitrate

36. What will result if born without B cells at birth?

37. Herpes simplex virus type 2

38. IgM pentamer (10 binding sites)
Yellow fever
Identifies risk factors
discovered bacteriophage - an altered virus
Non specific - largest and heaviest - first to increase (first exposure)

39. Ascaris lumbricoides

40. Primary water purification process
1. filtration 2. flocculation (aluminum salts) 3. sedimentation 4. sludge digestion (add anaerobic bacteria)
McCallums Patch
was used for newborn's eyes (no longer used now - erythromycin instead) - prevents ophthalmia neonatorum (most common cause = gonorrhea)
polio

41. Semmelweiss
was used for newborn's eyes (no longer used now - erythromycin instead) - prevents ophthalmia neonatorum (most common cause = gonorrhea)
TB
for gram negative - inhibits protein synthesis
Came up with washing hands before delivering baby and significantly reduced puerperal fever (aka childbed fever) - this can develop into sepsis - contracted by women after childbirth

42. Gummas are inclusion bodies associated with...
active = body must actively make antibodies - passive = body receives antibodies from outside source
tertiary syphilis
Inorganic material
Non specific - largest and heaviest - first to increase (first exposure)

43. What are the characteristics of carbuncles?

44. Reed - Walter
C3B complement
Yellow fever
145
BLCCSS (blocks) - Bacillus - Listeria monocytogenes - Clostridium - Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Staph - Strep

45. Rubeola
1 tuberculosis 2 malaria
for typhoid fever
Measles
staph aureus

46. What is combined immunosuppressant disease?
oral-fecal - colicky pain - lives in small intestines - most common roundworm ('ass' is round) infection worldwide - most common helminth world wide
no T cells and no B cells
tertiary syphilis
2 populations living together - one benefits - the other is unaffected

47. Teania solium
tertiary syphilis
father of pathology and germ theory - rabies vaccine - disproved spontaneous generation - pasteurization of wine - then milk
ncooked pork
dead/decaying material

48. Onchocerca volvulus
secondary
river blindness - flies - in Africa
types I - IV - pneumonic = ACID (see future flash card)
Legionnaire disease - water droplets - pontiac disease

49. Mannitol salt
red pus
'old age pigment' - lipid residue - build up of lipofuscin in organs = 'brown's atrophy'
staph aureus
for staph

50. Leeuwenhoek
1. filtration 2. flocculation (aluminum salts) 3. sedimentation 4. sludge digestion (add anaerobic bacteria)
hemorrhagic jaundice - aka Wheel's disease
developed the first microscope - saw microorganisms
Bruten's A Gamma Globulin Anemia - (primary immune deficiency)