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Microbiology Board

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Necator americanus
Mantoux test aka tinne test aka skin prick test - PPD = purified protein derivative - delayed hypersensitivity (Type IV) - Zeihl Nielson staining (acid fast) - gohn complex in lung
Ascholi test
aka ancylostoma duodenale - fecal contaminated soil - wear shoes to prevent - most common hookworm in US
serratia marcenscus

2. Poliovirus
1. filtration 2. flocculation (aluminum salts) 3. sedimentation 4. sludge digestion (add anaerobic bacteria)
anterior horn - lower motor neuron signs
'around' - flagella everywhere
Inactivated toxin (active artificial immunity)

3. Herpes simplex virus type 1
C5B - C9
gonorrhea
fever blisters (cold sores) above the belt can be trigeminal aka gasserian nucleus
TB

4. Leading cause of death in adults in the US
viral hepatitis
discovered bacteriophage - an altered virus
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
fix gross specimens

5. Endotoxin
2 populations living together - both benefit and accomplish things that they can't do alone
toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell - heat stable - gram (-) have these
hepatitis associated with alcoholism
was used for newborn's eyes (no longer used now - erythromycin instead) - prevents ophthalmia neonatorum (most common cause = gonorrhea)

6. Herpes zoster
Live polio vaccine - given orally
pharyngitis
follows dermatome
organic material

7. Reed sternberg are inclusion bodies associated with...

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8. Pyusner - Stanley
enhances phagocytosis or cellular lysis
discovered prions (acellular proteins which denature other proteins) - prions cause mad cow disease - creutzfield jacob - scrapie in sheep - kuru in New Guinea
filiariasis - mosquitoes - elephants - lymphatic blockage
the purpose of opsonization is to enhance phagocytosis - (marks the target for strike)

9. What do parasites eat?
Inorganic material
Tetanus - botulism
eats off living organism
1. find microorganism in people suffering from the disease 2. isolate and grow the microorganism in culture 3. should cause disease in a healthy individual when introduced 4. re-isolate microorganism from the inoculated people

10. Silver nitrate

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11. Tetracycline
for gram negative and positive - inhibits protein synthesis - turns teeth gray or yellow brown
1 tuberculosis 2 malaria
small pox (variola)
river eye worm - flies - aka African Eye Worm

12. Penicillin
for gram negative - inhibits protein synthesis
genital herpes 'below the belt'
for gram positive - inhibits cell wall synthesis
was used for newborn's eyes (no longer used now - erythromycin instead) - prevents ophthalmia neonatorum (most common cause = gonorrhea)

13. What viral disease has an antigenic shift and/or drift?
Influenza
polio
145
Mucous membrane (saliva - tears) - buys time for the body to recognize the invader - breast milk

14. Sterilization / autoclave
Most common liver cancer - spread by dirty needles and sexual contact
Chemicals produced by cells - (I - II - III)
old name
Steam heat under - denatures membranes - ineffective against prions

15. Colliform lab test checks for...
Allergic reactions - increases in Hodgkins disease (Reed-Sternberg cells)
red pus
Measles
e coli in water purification - fecal contamination in water

16. IgE parasitic infections
was used for newborn's eyes (no longer used now - erythromycin instead) - prevents ophthalmia neonatorum (most common cause = gonorrhea)
Allergic reactions - increases in Hodgkins disease (Reed-Sternberg cells)
Transmitted fecal-oral contamination - affects anterior horn (alpha motor)
Yellow fever

17. MHC
PDD = purified protein derivative - Type IV (Delayed hypersensitivity reaction) - Ziehl Neilson staining (shows acid fast) - chest x-ray john complex
TB
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
Major histocompatibility complex - Act as a post on surface (self vs non-self) - involve with tissue graft rejection and organ rejection T-cells recognize MHC I - B-cells recognize MHC I & II

18. Transduction
bacteriophage transfers genetic material between bacteria - bacteriophage = altered virus
McCallums Patch
161
old name

19. Neurotoxin
toxin that affects the nervous system - ie. botulism - tetanus
staph aureus
eliminates placebo
Typhoid fever - salmonella enteridese -> from chicken poop

20. Active immunity vs passive immunity
genital herpes 'below the belt'
active = body must actively make antibodies - passive = body receives antibodies from outside source
discovered the virus - tobacco mosaic virus was the first
heterophile agglutination test for mononucleosis - downy cell inclusion bodies 'don't let mono get you down'

21. What is the test for gonorrhea?
D= Dwarf H= Spreading M= Mucoid capsule forming - related to virulence O= compact (O vs H) R= Rough S= Smooth
Infested waters - penetrates unbroken skin - host is snail - most common cause of death in helminth world wide - inhabits liver
Lymphocyte activating factor - made by macrophages for brain and nervous tissue
Chocolate agar aka Thayer Martin agar aka heated blood agar

22. Toxoid vaccine
Methycilline resistant staph aureus - hospitals use vancomycin now
Can be in presence of absence of O2 - facultative aerobe = prefers O2 - facultative anaerobe = prefers no O2
Tetanus - botulism
Major histocompatibility complex - Act as a post on surface (self vs non-self) - involve with tissue graft rejection and organ rejection T-cells recognize MHC I - B-cells recognize MHC I & II

23. What are the 4 Koch's postulates
river blindness - flies - in Africa
1. find microorganism in people suffering from the disease 2. isolate and grow the microorganism in culture 3. should cause disease in a healthy individual when introduced 4. re-isolate microorganism from the inoculated people
161
Inanimate object is a vector - hapten partial or half antigen - does not stimulate immune response - needs to bind to protein to become active

24. Anything ending in '-osis' is usually acquired to transmitted via the
Lungs - ie. tuberculosis - blastomycosis - pneumoconiosis
Affects mitral valve (aka ashkov bodies) - Can = carditis - Sammy = syndenham's chorea - Suck = subcutaneous nodule - Ethyl's = Erythema marginatum - Polyps = migratory Polyarthritis
for gram negative - competes with PABA
Indicate how the organisms are named - (King Paul Can Only Find Good Spices) Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species

25. Onchocerca volvulus
river blindness - flies - in Africa
rubella - rabies - Hep A
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
whip worm ('whip those t's into shape) oral-fecal weight loss

26. Serratia
red pus
fish - mouth - contaminated sushi - may cause pernicious anemia (B12) - yellow fin tuna most commonly has it
Can be in presence of absence of O2 - facultative aerobe = prefers O2 - facultative anaerobe = prefers no O2
gonorrhea

27. Lab test for scarlet fever
follows dermatome
measles (rubeola / red measles) - on buccal mucosa - white / bluish spots
Made by big bone marrow - in blood and lymph system
Dicks test

28. Live attenuated vaccine
strawberry tongue
Indicate how the organisms are organized and classified
negri inclusion bodies - bullet shaped - leads to hydrophobia (throat hurts - so don't want to drink water - this why dogs foam at the mouth)
Measles - mumps - rubella - Sabin

29. Herpes simplex
Cranial nerve V pattern
In plasma cells - consists of antibodies - from chronic inflammation - and malignant disorders - associated with multiple myeloma
red pus
Canine feces - found in dogs - wolves and humans - hydatid cysts in live and lung

30. Iwanowski
Came up with washing hands before delivering baby and significantly reduced puerperal fever (aka childbed fever) - this can develop into sepsis - contracted by women after childbirth
Dicks test
discovered the virus - tobacco mosaic virus was the first
Measles - mumps vaccine

31. Shigella
Can only be in ONE environment - not the other - obligate aerobe = only in O2 - obligate anaerobe = only without O2
Catalase
dysentery
measles (rubeola / red measles) - on buccal mucosa - white / bluish spots

32. Lister
Live polio vaccine - given orally
serratia marcenscus
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments
franciella tularensis - rabbit fever

33. Lipofuscin are inclusion bodies associated with...

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34. Franciella
franciella tularensis - rabbit fever
oral-fecal - colicky pain - lives in small intestines - most common roundworm ('ass' is round) infection worldwide - most common helminth world wide
heterophile agglutinization (Paul Bunnel) - Downey cell (don't let mono get you down) - monospot
Strep pyogenes

35. Transformation
developed the first microscope - saw microorganisms
direct uptake of free DNA
for gram positive - inhibits cell wall synthesis
dead/decaying material

36. USDA
responsible for milk and milk products
No true nucleus - no organelles (no mitochondria) ie. bacteria
for typhoid fever
Regulated health products to the public

37. Temperature and time for holding/batch method of pasteurization
Comes from milk - (this is the only one not from an insect)
rabies and hydrophobia
Chocolate agar aka Thayer Martin agar aka heated blood agar
145

38. Blue/green purulent (pus)
subunit of protein coat 'capsid' of virus particle
psuedomonas aeruginosa - open burn infection - unsanitized hot tub - fluoresces blue under UV light from pyocyanin and fluorescein pigment
TB (inactive phase) -calcium 'jail' around mycobacterium
Major histocompatibility complex - Act as a post on surface (self vs non-self) - involve with tissue graft rejection and organ rejection T-cells recognize MHC I - B-cells recognize MHC I & II

39. Ascaris lumbricoides

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40. Natural active immunity
'around' - flagella everywhere
Inactivated toxin (active artificial immunity)
river blindness - flies - in Africa
exposed to disease = body reacts - ie. measles - chicken pox triggers antibody production

41. Prokaryotes
stain for mycobacteria
No true nucleus - no organelles (no mitochondria) ie. bacteria
aka ancylostoma duodenale - fecal contaminated soil - wear shoes to prevent - most common hookworm in US
Mantoux test - tine test - skin prick test

42. Haemophilis haemophilis
influenza
small pox (variola)
C3B complement
True nucleus - organelles ie. human cells - protozoa like giardia and amoeba

43. Hepatitis C
Inorganic material
bubonic plague
bloody transfusions
acid fast - M=mycobacterium - A=acid - F=fast

44. Antitoxin
causes diarrhea
for gram negative - competes with PABA
antibody against a toxin - (artificial passive immunity) - purified antiserum from animals who have been given the toxoid
Tetanus - botulism

45. What do saprophytes eat?
Legionnaire disease - water droplets - pontiac disease
In plasma cells - consists of antibodies - from chronic inflammation - and malignant disorders - associated with multiple myeloma
red jelly sputum
dead/decaying material

46. Exotoxin
subunit of protein coat 'capsid' of virus particle
salk - rabies
toxin outside the cell from cellular waste products - heat labile - cook your food!
proved bacteria 'causes' disease - Koch's 4 postulates

47. Streptomycin
Inanimate object is a vector - hapten partial or half antigen - does not stimulate immune response - needs to bind to protein to become active
metachromatic granules seen in diphtheria (pseudomembrane in throat)
for gram negative - inhibits protein synthesis
antibody against a toxin - (artificial passive immunity) - purified antiserum from animals who have been given the toxoid

48. Type I hypersensitivity reaction
Cranial nerve V pattern
T-cell growth factor - made by CD4 cells - CD4 = T-Helper cell = 'quarterback' of immune system - directs response of immune system
A Anaphylactic (immediate) - IgE - mast cell - basophils - histamine release - bee sting - hay fever
toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell - heat stable - gram (-) have these

49. Loa Loa
for typhoid fever
Indicate how the organisms are organized and classified
'old age pigment' - lipid residue - build up of lipofuscin in organs = 'brown's atrophy'
river eye worm - flies - aka African Eye Worm

50. Hasteurellis
old name
river blindness - flies - in Africa
True nucleus - organelles ie. human cells - protozoa like giardia and amoeba
bubonic plague