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Microbiology Board

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Toxoid
toxin outside the cell from cellular waste products - heat labile - cook your food!
Inactivated toxin (active artificial immunity)
dead/decaying material
bubonic plague

2. What will you see on TB test?
PDD = purified protein derivative - Type IV (Delayed hypersensitivity reaction) - Ziehl Neilson staining (shows acid fast) - chest x-ray john complex
bloody transfusions
toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell - heat stable - gram (-) have these
Cranial nerve V pattern

3. Leading cause of death in children in the US
Measles - mumps - rubella - Sabin
1 congenital malformations 2 prematurity
Strep pyogenes
hemorrhagic jaundice - aka Wheel's disease

4. Which vaccines are manufactured using chick peas?
metachromatic granules seen in diphtheria (pseudomembrane in throat)
Measles - mumps vaccine
anterior horn - lower motor neuron signs
enhances phagocytosis or cellular lysis

5. Clostridium tetani
Tetanus by blocking inhibitory GABA and glycine - (GABA in brain - glycine in spinal cord)
Typhoid fever - salmonella enteridese -> from chicken poop
responsible for milk and milk products
oral-fecal - colicky pain - lives in small intestines - most common roundworm ('ass' is round) infection worldwide - most common helminth world wide

6. Shistosoma japonicum in blood
Indicate how the organisms are organized and classified
Infested waters - penetrates unbroken skin - host is snail - most common cause of death in helminth world wide - inhabits liver
Coagulase
serratia marcenscus

7. Symbiosis
2 populations living together - one or both benefit
D - Delayed hypersensitivity - aka cell mediated aka cellular - T-Cell lymohocytes - this is the only one NOT antibody mediated - transplant rejection via MHC
exposed to disease = body reacts - ie. measles - chicken pox triggers antibody production
spontaneous abortion in cattle

8. Semmelweiss
Chocolate agar aka Thayer Martin agar aka heated blood agar
Came up with washing hands before delivering baby and significantly reduced puerperal fever (aka childbed fever) - this can develop into sepsis - contracted by women after childbirth
Comma shape - massive diarrhea 'rice water stool'
BLCCSS (blocks) - Bacillus - Listeria monocytogenes - Clostridium - Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Staph - Strep

9. Yersinia pestis
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
franciella tularensis - rabbit fever
psuedomonas aeruginosa - open burn infection - unsanitized hot tub - fluoresces blue under UV light from pyocyanin and fluorescein pigment
bubonic plague

10. Which vaccines are manufactured using monkey kidney tissue?
river blindness - flies - in Africa
polio
Controls FDA - CDC - US Public Health Services
discovered bacteriophage - an altered virus

11. Details of erysipelas

12. Jenner
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
developed smallpox vaccine
acid fast - M=mycobacterium - A=acid - F=fast
atypical lymphocytes

13. Interleukins
atypical lymphocytes
Chemicals produced by cells - (I - II - III)
dyptheria - gray pseudomembrane in throat - pleomorphic - many shapes - chinese characters
'old age pigment' - lipid residue - build up of lipofuscin in organs = 'brown's atrophy'

14. What is the purpose of complement system?
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
enhances phagocytosis or cellular lysis
Brody's abcess
measles (rubeola / red measles) - on buccal mucosa - white / bluish spots

15. D'Herelle - Felix
Lungs - ie. tuberculosis - blastomycosis - pneumoconiosis
discovered bacteriophage - an altered virus
Came up with washing hands before delivering baby and significantly reduced puerperal fever (aka childbed fever) - this can develop into sepsis - contracted by women after childbirth
eats off living organism

16. Double blind study
eliminates placebo
direct uptake of free DNA
grown in candle jars culture
5. sand filtration (removes anaerobic bacteria) 6. aeration (adds oxygen) 7. chlorination (kills remaining bacteria) 8. possible flouridation

17. What are the only Gram + organisms?
A Anaphylactic (immediate) - IgE - mast cell - basophils - histamine release - bee sting - hay fever
influenza
BLCCSS (blocks) - Bacillus - Listeria monocytogenes - Clostridium - Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Staph - Strep
2 populations living together - one benefits - the other is unaffected

18. What is the number one cause of impetigo and myelitis?
staph aureus
Injection of preformed antibodies - ie. tetanus antitoxin = pre-made antibody attacks circulating toxins - not bound toxins - tetanus antitoxin CANNOT cross blood brain barrier
Brody's abcess
Measles

19. Corneybacterium
dyptheria - gray pseudomembrane in throat - pleomorphic - many shapes - chinese characters
1. filtration 2. flocculation (aluminum salts) 3. sedimentation 4. sludge digestion (add anaerobic bacteria)
for staph
Tetanus by blocking inhibitory GABA and glycine - (GABA in brain - glycine in spinal cord)

20. Iwanowski
PDD = purified protein derivative - Type IV (Delayed hypersensitivity reaction) - Ziehl Neilson staining (shows acid fast) - chest x-ray john complex
Measles - mumps - rubella - Sabin
discovered the virus - tobacco mosaic virus was the first
Coagulase

21. Streptomycin
for typhoid fever
for gram negative - inhibits protein synthesis
single flagella on one pole
river eye worm - flies - aka African Eye Worm

22. White purulent
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
mononucleosis
red pus
Chlamydia

23. What are extensive aschoff bodies?
Steam heat under - denatures membranes - ineffective against prions
McCallums Patch
D - Delayed hypersensitivity - aka cell mediated aka cellular - T-Cell lymohocytes - this is the only one NOT antibody mediated - transplant rejection via MHC
developed the first microscope - saw microorganisms

24. IgM pentamer (10 binding sites)
Classified streptococcus
D= Dwarf H= Spreading M= Mucoid capsule forming - related to virulence O= compact (O vs H) R= Rough S= Smooth
Non specific - largest and heaviest - first to increase (first exposure)
polio

25. What is the test for gonorrhea?
2 populations living together - both benefit
Chlamydia
Dicks test
Chocolate agar aka Thayer Martin agar aka heated blood agar

26. Acid fast
stain for mycobacteria
Measles
most common cause of UTI - enterotoxic - 'traveller's disease' - E.coli 157 - enterohemorrhagic (meat)
psuedomonas aeruginosa - open burn infection - unsanitized hot tub - fluoresces blue under UV light from pyocyanin and fluorescein pigment

27. Polio
Ascholi test
discovered the virus - tobacco mosaic virus was the first
red jelly sputum
Transmitted fecal-oral contamination - affects anterior horn (alpha motor)

28. Serratia
red pus
Cranial nerve V pattern
D= Dwarf H= Spreading M= Mucoid capsule forming - related to virulence O= compact (O vs H) R= Rough S= Smooth
anterior horn - lower motor neuron signs

29. Taenia saginata
Inanimate object is a vector - hapten partial or half antigen - does not stimulate immune response - needs to bind to protein to become active
for typhoid fever
toxin that affects the nervous system - ie. botulism - tetanus
uncooked beef

30. What separates staph from other staph?
franciella tularensis - rabbit fever
Coagulase
Mantoux test - tine test - skin prick test
Inorganic material

31. Microareophilic reduced oxygen (ie high altitude plants)
direct uptake of free DNA
grown in candle jars culture
pinworm - anus-finger-mouth - scotch tape or anal cellophane - nocturnal anal itching - most common helminth in the US
toxin that affects the intestines - ie. lipopolysaccharides can be enterotoxic

32. Colliform lab test checks for...
(not research) - morbidity and epidemiology statistics
e coli in water purification - fecal contamination in water
Steam heat under - denatures membranes - ineffective against prions
for staph

33. Genus and species
genital herpes 'below the belt'
e coli in water purification - fecal contamination in water
Indicate how the organisms are named - (King Paul Can Only Find Good Spices) Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species
161

34. What do saprophytes eat?
No true nucleus - no organelles (no mitochondria) ie. bacteria
aka post-infectious polyradiculopathy - ascending demyelination of PNS - can be acquired after influenza vaccination or infection
dead/decaying material
psuedomonas aeruginosa - open burn infection - unsanitized hot tub - fluoresces blue under UV light from pyocyanin and fluorescein pigment

35. Encephalitis
eats off living organism
all spread by mosquitos
Came up with washing hands before delivering baby and significantly reduced puerperal fever (aka childbed fever) - this can develop into sepsis - contracted by women after childbirth
rabies and hydrophobia

36. Bordatellum
Major histocompatibility complex - Act as a post on surface (self vs non-self) - involve with tissue graft rejection and organ rejection T-cells recognize MHC I - B-cells recognize MHC I & II
proved bacteria 'causes' disease - Koch's 4 postulates
dead/decaying material
whooping cough

37. Enterobius vermicularis
whooping cough
small pox (variola)
strawberry tongue
pinworm - anus-finger-mouth - scotch tape or anal cellophane - nocturnal anal itching - most common helminth in the US

38. Burnet/Metchinkoff

39. Red purulent
acid fast - M=mycobacterium - A=acid - F=fast
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments
polio
serratia marcenscus

40. Enterotoxin
Coagulase
toxin that affects the intestines - ie. lipopolysaccharides can be enterotoxic
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments
stain for mycobacteria

41. Artificial passive immunity
Tetanus by blocking inhibitory GABA and glycine - (GABA in brain - glycine in spinal cord)
toxin that affects the intestines - ie. lipopolysaccharides can be enterotoxic
Injection of preformed antibodies - ie. tetanus antitoxin = pre-made antibody attacks circulating toxins - not bound toxins - tetanus antitoxin CANNOT cross blood brain barrier
fix gross specimens

42. Councilman cells are inclusion bodies associated with...
salk - rabies
Measles - mumps - rubella - Sabin
Allergic reactions - increases in Hodgkins disease (Reed-Sternberg cells)
viral hepatitis

43. Leptospira

44. Obligate
1 tuberculosis 2 malaria
serratia marcenscus
2 populations living together - both benefit and accomplish things that they can't do alone
Can only be in ONE environment - not the other - obligate aerobe = only in O2 - obligate anaerobe = only without O2

45. When examining the agar plate - describe the colony variation (morphology)
D= Dwarf H= Spreading M= Mucoid capsule forming - related to virulence O= compact (O vs H) R= Rough S= Smooth
1. find microorganism in people suffering from the disease 2. isolate and grow the microorganism in culture 3. should cause disease in a healthy individual when introduced 4. re-isolate microorganism from the inoculated people
toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell - heat stable - gram (-) have these
follows dermatome

46. Epithelioid histiocytes are inclusion bodies associated with...
river eye worm - flies - aka African Eye Worm
discovered prions (acellular proteins which denature other proteins) - prions cause mad cow disease - creutzfield jacob - scrapie in sheep - kuru in New Guinea
McCallums Patch
TB

47. Gummas are inclusion bodies associated with...
2 populations living together - both benefit
tertiary syphilis
aka ancylostoma duodenale - fecal contaminated soil - wear shoes to prevent - most common hookworm in US
for gram positive - inhibits cell wall synthesis

48. Salmonella
A Anaphylactic (immediate) - IgE - mast cell - basophils - histamine release - bee sting - hay fever
pre-op disinfectant
Typhoid fever - salmonella enteridese -> from chicken poop
Injection of attenuated organism - ie. tetanus toxoid = inactivated portion that triggers immune system to make antibody

49. Iodine
hemorrhagic jaundice - aka Wheel's disease
pre-op disinfectant
for serology test for all rickettsia except coxiella burnetti (Q fever) - antigen for test = proteus vulgaris
2 populations living together - one benefits - the other is unaffected

50. Rabies