Microbiology Board

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. IgA secretory antibody (mucosal antibody)
whooping cough
Most numerous - crosses placenta - anamnestic response 'without amnesia' - the body remembers from the last time you had the disease and secretes the same amount of IgG next time
direct uptake of free DNA
Mucous membrane (saliva - tears) - buys time for the body to recognize the invader - breast milk


2. IgM pentamer (10 binding sites)
Non specific - largest and heaviest - first to increase (first exposure)
discovered the virus - tobacco mosaic virus was the first
organic material
Cranial nerve V pattern


3. Burnet/Metchinkoff

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4. Lister
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments
negri inclusion bodies - bullet shaped - leads to hydrophobia (throat hurts - so don't want to drink water - this why dogs foam at the mouth)
gonorrhea
psuedomonas aeruginosa - open burn infection - unsanitized hot tub - fluoresces blue under UV light from pyocyanin and fluorescein pigment


5. Case control study
discovered prions (acellular proteins which denature other proteins) - prions cause mad cow disease - creutzfield jacob - scrapie in sheep - kuru in New Guinea
Identifies risk factors
Most numerous - crosses placenta - anamnestic response 'without amnesia' - the body remembers from the last time you had the disease and secretes the same amount of IgG next time
Coagulase


6. Ascaris lumbricoides

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7. What will result if born without B cells at birth?

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8. West nile virus
eastern equine encephalitis
pinworm - anus-finger-mouth - scotch tape or anal cellophane - nocturnal anal itching - most common helminth in the US
for gram negative - inhibits protein synthesis
PDD = purified protein derivative - Type IV (Delayed hypersensitivity reaction) - Ziehl Neilson staining (shows acid fast) - chest x-ray john complex


9. What are the signs and symptoms of impetigo?
aka post-infectious polyradiculopathy - ascending demyelination of PNS - can be acquired after influenza vaccination or infection
discovered the virus - tobacco mosaic virus was the first
Infection in children - honey crusted lesions around the mouth - #1 cause is staph aureus
enhances phagocytosis or cellular lysis


10. Poliovirus
anterior horn - lower motor neuron signs
rubella - rabies - Hep A
Mucous membrane (saliva - tears) - buys time for the body to recognize the invader - breast milk
Steam heat under - denatures membranes - ineffective against prions


11. Inactivated vaccine
salk - rabies
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments
staph aureus
5. sand filtration (removes anaerobic bacteria) 6. aeration (adds oxygen) 7. chlorination (kills remaining bacteria) 8. possible flouridation


12. Corneybacterium
Magic bullet - sulfa drugs - first treatment for syphilis
D= Dwarf H= Spreading M= Mucoid capsule forming - related to virulence O= compact (O vs H) R= Rough S= Smooth
oral-fecal - colicky pain - lives in small intestines - most common roundworm ('ass' is round) infection worldwide - most common helminth world wide
dyptheria - gray pseudomembrane in throat - pleomorphic - many shapes - chinese characters


13. Flasciolopsis hepatica
In liver - contaminated aquatic plants (ie kelp) - hemoptysis
salk - rabies
2 populations living together - both benefit and accomplish things that they can't do alone
Injection of preformed antibodies - ie. tetanus antitoxin = pre-made antibody attacks circulating toxins - not bound toxins - tetanus antitoxin CANNOT cross blood brain barrier


14. Herpes simplex virus type 1
fever blisters (cold sores) above the belt can be trigeminal aka gasserian nucleus
toxin that affects the intestines - ie. lipopolysaccharides can be enterotoxic
viral hepatitis
Hodgkin's


15. Toxoid vaccine
Tetanus - botulism
In liver - contaminated aquatic plants (ie kelp) - hemoptysis
In raw contaminated fish
viral hepatitis


16. Diphyllobothrium latum
Injection of attenuated organism - ie. tetanus toxoid = inactivated portion that triggers immune system to make antibody
toxin that affects the nervous system - ie. botulism - tetanus
Measles - mumps vaccine
fish - mouth - contaminated sushi - may cause pernicious anemia (B12) - yellow fin tuna most commonly has it


17. What is the best test for water pollution?
Legionnaire disease - water droplets - pontiac disease
spread by food - self limiting
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
filiariasis - mosquitoes - elephants - lymphatic blockage


18. What are the characteristics of carbuncles?

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19. Neurotoxin
toxin that affects the nervous system - ie. botulism - tetanus
Tetanus by blocking inhibitory GABA and glycine - (GABA in brain - glycine in spinal cord)
toxin that affects the intestines - ie. lipopolysaccharides can be enterotoxic
fish - mouth - contaminated sushi - may cause pernicious anemia (B12) - yellow fin tuna most commonly has it


20. Type II hypersensitivity reaction
types I - IV - pneumonic = ACID (see future flash card)
Can be in presence of absence of O2 - facultative aerobe = prefers O2 - facultative anaerobe = prefers no O2
C - Cytotoxic - IgG - [2 things = type II] antigen + antibody
Measles - mumps vaccine


21. Reed - Walter
Crayfish - mouth
rheumatic fever
Chlamydia
Yellow fever


22. Weil Felix test
for serology test for all rickettsia except coxiella burnetti (Q fever) - antigen for test = proteus vulgaris
Does research - (not stats)
fever blisters (cold sores) above the belt can be trigeminal aka gasserian nucleus
Most common liver cancer - spread by dirty needles and sexual contact


23. Commensalism
Methycilline resistant staph aureus - hospitals use vancomycin now
2 populations living together - one benefits - the other is unaffected
C5B - C9
T-cell growth factor - made by CD4 cells - CD4 = T-Helper cell = 'quarterback' of immune system - directs response of immune system


24. Rabies

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25. Interleukin II

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26. What viral disease has an antigenic shift and/or drift?
red jelly sputum
Influenza
Inanimate object is a vector - hapten partial or half antigen - does not stimulate immune response - needs to bind to protein to become active
spread by food - self limiting


27. What is the purpose of complement system?
given antibody in utero - breastfeeding - in utero = IgG - breastfeeding = IgA
enhances phagocytosis or cellular lysis
discovered prions (acellular proteins which denature other proteins) - prions cause mad cow disease - creutzfield jacob - scrapie in sheep - kuru in New Guinea
follows dermatome


28. Coxiella
PDD = purified protein derivative - Type IV (Delayed hypersensitivity reaction) - Ziehl Neilson staining (shows acid fast) - chest x-ray john complex
atypical pneumonia - mycoplasms lacks cell wall
Comes from milk - (this is the only one not from an insect)
Indicate how the organisms are organized and classified


29. Eukaryotes
parkinson's - aka paralysis agitans - shuffling / festering gait
True nucleus - organelles ie. human cells - protozoa like giardia and amoeba
filiariasis - mosquitoes - elephants - lymphatic blockage
bubonic plague


30. Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
rabies and hydrophobia
D - Delayed hypersensitivity - aka cell mediated aka cellular - T-Cell lymohocytes - this is the only one NOT antibody mediated - transplant rejection via MHC
negri inclusion bodies - bullet shaped - leads to hydrophobia (throat hurts - so don't want to drink water - this why dogs foam at the mouth)
PDD = purified protein derivative - Type IV (Delayed hypersensitivity reaction) - Ziehl Neilson staining (shows acid fast) - chest x-ray john complex


31. Pastuer
161
father of pathology and germ theory - rabies vaccine - disproved spontaneous generation - pasteurization of wine - then milk
dead/decaying material
discovered penicillin


32. Colliform lab test checks for...
Affects mitral valve (aka ashkov bodies) - Can = carditis - Sammy = syndenham's chorea - Suck = subcutaneous nodule - Ethyl's = Erythema marginatum - Polyps = migratory Polyarthritis
e coli in water purification - fecal contamination in water
pinworm - anus-finger-mouth - scotch tape or anal cellophane - nocturnal anal itching - most common helminth in the US
aquatic plants - contaminated snail feces gets into plants


33. Herpes simplex virus type 2

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34. Leading cause of death in adults in the US
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
pre-op disinfectant
aka ancylostoma duodenale - fecal contaminated soil - wear shoes to prevent - most common hookworm in US
1. filtration 2. flocculation (aluminum salts) 3. sedimentation 4. sludge digestion (add anaerobic bacteria)


35. Onchocerca volvulus
acid fast - M=mycobacterium - A=acid - F=fast
No true nucleus - no organelles (no mitochondria) ie. bacteria
eats off living organism
river blindness - flies - in Africa


36. Franciella
fix gross specimens
Measles - mumps - rubella - Sabin
discovered penicillin
franciella tularensis - rabbit fever


37. Tetracycline
toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell - heat stable - gram (-) have these
for gram negative and positive - inhibits protein synthesis - turns teeth gray or yellow brown
1. filtration 2. flocculation (aluminum salts) 3. sedimentation 4. sludge digestion (add anaerobic bacteria)
(not research) - morbidity and epidemiology statistics


38. Wuchereria bancrofti
Ascholi test
all spread by mosquitos
filiariasis - mosquitoes - elephants - lymphatic blockage
1 congenital malformations 2 prematurity


39. Lewy bodies are inclusion bodies associated with...

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40. Hepatitis B
1 congenital malformations 2 prematurity
Most common liver cancer - spread by dirty needles and sexual contact
old name
Chlamydia


41. Antitoxin
fever blisters (cold sores) above the belt can be trigeminal aka gasserian nucleus
antibody against a toxin - (artificial passive immunity) - purified antiserum from animals who have been given the toxoid
I - Immune-complex mediated - IgG and complement [3 things = type III] = antigen + antibody + complement
hepatitis associated with alcoholism


42. Transduction
Mantoux test aka tinne test aka skin prick test - PPD = purified protein derivative - delayed hypersensitivity (Type IV) - Zeihl Nielson staining (acid fast) - gohn complex in lung
bacteriophage transfers genetic material between bacteria - bacteriophage = altered virus
5. sand filtration (removes anaerobic bacteria) 6. aeration (adds oxygen) 7. chlorination (kills remaining bacteria) 8. possible flouridation
grown in candle jars culture


43. FDA
Most common liver cancer - spread by dirty needles and sexual contact
Regulated health products to the public
for gram negative - competes with PABA
hemorrhagic jaundice - aka Wheel's disease


44. What complements indicate a membrane attack complex?
Strep pyogenes
C5B - C9
Tetanus - botulism
uncooked beef


45. Formaldehyde
fix gross specimens
discovered bacteriophage - an altered virus
given antibody in utero - breastfeeding - in utero = IgG - breastfeeding = IgA
franciella tularensis - rabbit fever


46. Epithelioid histiocytes are inclusion bodies associated with...
Mucous membrane (saliva - tears) - buys time for the body to recognize the invader - breast milk
TB
Lungs - ie. tuberculosis - blastomycosis - pneumoconiosis
dysentery


47. Serratia
subunit of protein coat 'capsid' of virus particle
red pus
toxin that affects the nervous system - ie. botulism - tetanus
old name


48. Bordatellum
developed smallpox vaccine
whooping cough
Tetanus by blocking inhibitory GABA and glycine - (GABA in brain - glycine in spinal cord)
1. find microorganism in people suffering from the disease 2. isolate and grow the microorganism in culture 3. should cause disease in a healthy individual when introduced 4. re-isolate microorganism from the inoculated people


49. Tuberculosis test
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments
bubonic plague
Mantoux test aka tinne test aka skin prick test - PPD = purified protein derivative - delayed hypersensitivity (Type IV) - Zeihl Nielson staining (acid fast) - gohn complex in lung
In raw contaminated fish


50. Shigella
developed smallpox vaccine
oral-fecal - colicky pain - lives in small intestines - most common roundworm ('ass' is round) infection worldwide - most common helminth world wide
dysentery
influenza