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Microbiology Board

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Exotoxin
river eye worm - flies - aka African Eye Worm
toxin outside the cell from cellular waste products - heat labile - cook your food!
rheumatic fever
Cranial nerve V pattern

2. Peritrichus

3. Enterobacteria
Injection of attenuated organism - ie. tetanus toxoid = inactivated portion that triggers immune system to make antibody
causes diarrhea
Mantoux test aka tinne test aka skin prick test - PPD = purified protein derivative - delayed hypersensitivity (Type IV) - Zeihl Nielson staining (acid fast) - gohn complex in lung
staph aureus

4. Burnet/Metchinkoff

5. Teania solium
1. filtration 2. flocculation (aluminum salts) 3. sedimentation 4. sludge digestion (add anaerobic bacteria)
whip worm ('whip those t's into shape) oral-fecal weight loss
ncooked pork
McCallums Patch

6. What viral disease has an antigenic shift and/or drift?
Influenza
follows dermatome
Allergic reactions - increases in Hodgkins disease (Reed-Sternberg cells)
'around' - flagella everywhere

7. Rabies

8. Mycoplasm
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments
discovered bacteriophage - an altered virus
atypical pneumonia - mycoplasms lacks cell wall
Measles - mumps - rubella - Sabin

9. Leading cause of death in adults in the US
TB
Ascholi test
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
toxin that affects the intestines - ie. lipopolysaccharides can be enterotoxic

10. Lipofuscin are inclusion bodies associated with...

11. What is the best test for water pollution?
psuedomonas aeruginosa - open burn infection - unsanitized hot tub - fluoresces blue under UV light from pyocyanin and fluorescein pigment
Injection of attenuated organism - ie. tetanus toxoid = inactivated portion that triggers immune system to make antibody
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
2 populations living together - one or both benefit

12. Salk
staph aureus
Mantoux test - tine test - skin prick test
measles (rubeola / red measles) - on buccal mucosa - white / bluish spots
dead polio vaccine - by injection - done before Sabin

13. Sulfa
aka ancylostoma duodenale - fecal contaminated soil - wear shoes to prevent - most common hookworm in US
influenza
for gram negative - competes with PABA
TB

14. What are the 4 Koch's postulates
acid fast - M=mycobacterium - A=acid - F=fast
rabies and hydrophobia
'around' - flagella everywhere
1. find microorganism in people suffering from the disease 2. isolate and grow the microorganism in culture 3. should cause disease in a healthy individual when introduced 4. re-isolate microorganism from the inoculated people

15. Corneybacterium
D= Dwarf H= Spreading M= Mucoid capsule forming - related to virulence O= compact (O vs H) R= Rough S= Smooth
dyptheria - gray pseudomembrane in throat - pleomorphic - many shapes - chinese characters
Lymphocyte activating factor - made by macrophages for brain and nervous tissue
rubella - rabies - Hep A

16. Red purulent
A Anaphylactic (immediate) - IgE - mast cell - basophils - histamine release - bee sting - hay fever
serratia marcenscus
Crayfish - mouth
Methycilline resistant staph aureus - hospitals use vancomycin now

17. What will you see on TB test?
exposed to disease = body reacts - ie. measles - chicken pox triggers antibody production
PDD = purified protein derivative - Type IV (Delayed hypersensitivity reaction) - Ziehl Neilson staining (shows acid fast) - chest x-ray john complex
Comma shape - massive diarrhea 'rice water stool'
bloody transfusions

18. Herpes zoster
Tetanus - botulism
follows dermatome
Inflammation of parotids
Inactivated toxin (active artificial immunity)

19. Endotoxin
heterophile agglutinization (Paul Bunnel) - Downey cell (don't let mono get you down) - monospot
e coli in water purification - fecal contamination in water
toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell - heat stable - gram (-) have these
eats off living organism

20. Interleukins
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
Inanimate object is a vector - hapten partial or half antigen - does not stimulate immune response - needs to bind to protein to become active
Chemicals produced by cells - (I - II - III)
Hodgkin's

21. Interleukin I
Lymphocyte activating factor - made by macrophages for brain and nervous tissue
TB (inactive phase) -calcium 'jail' around mycobacterium
I - Immune-complex mediated - IgG and complement [3 things = type III] = antigen + antibody + complement
Goodpasteur

22. Yellow/green purulent
no T cells and no B cells
gonorrhea
Crayfish - mouth
subunit of protein coat 'capsid' of virus particle

23. Hasteurellis
for staph
old name
Inanimate object is a vector - hapten partial or half antigen - does not stimulate immune response - needs to bind to protein to become active
tertiary syphilis

24. Clostridium tetani
Tetanus by blocking inhibitory GABA and glycine - (GABA in brain - glycine in spinal cord)
Infection in children - honey crusted lesions around the mouth - #1 cause is staph aureus
spread by food - self limiting
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments

25. USDA
Chlamydia
dyptheria - gray pseudomembrane in throat - pleomorphic - many shapes - chinese characters
salk - rabies
responsible for milk and milk products

26. What will be seen with chronic osteomyelitis?

27. IgM pentamer (10 binding sites)
fix gross specimens
Regulated health products to the public
Non specific - largest and heaviest - first to increase (first exposure)
dyptheria - gray pseudomembrane in throat - pleomorphic - many shapes - chinese characters

28. What is the test for gonorrhea?
Chocolate agar aka Thayer Martin agar aka heated blood agar
ncooked pork
bacteriophage transfers genetic material between bacteria - bacteriophage = altered virus
Influenza

29. Shistosoma japonicum in blood
staph aureus
dead polio vaccine - by injection - done before Sabin
Inanimate object is a vector - hapten partial or half antigen - does not stimulate immune response - needs to bind to protein to become active
Infested waters - penetrates unbroken skin - host is snail - most common cause of death in helminth world wide - inhabits liver

30. Herpes simplex virus type 1
McCallums Patch
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
influenza
fever blisters (cold sores) above the belt can be trigeminal aka gasserian nucleus

31. Colliform lab test checks for...
1 congenital malformations 2 prematurity
e coli in water purification - fecal contamination in water
Chlamydia
DiGeorge's syndrome - (primary immune deficiency)

32. What is the number one cause of impetigo and myelitis?
Many furuncles (infected hair follicles) - 'a CAR load of furuncles' - #1 cause is staph aureus
uncooked beef
Affects mitral valve (aka ashkov bodies) - Can = carditis - Sammy = syndenham's chorea - Suck = subcutaneous nodule - Ethyl's = Erythema marginatum - Polyps = migratory Polyarthritis
staph aureus

33. IgG first to increase (second exposure

34. Herpes simplex virus type 2

35. Capsomere

36. IgA secretory antibody (mucosal antibody)
Mucous membrane (saliva - tears) - buys time for the body to recognize the invader - breast milk
rubella - rabies - Hep A
heterophile agglutinization (Paul Bunnel) - Downey cell (don't let mono get you down) - monospot
father of pathology and germ theory - rabies vaccine - disproved spontaneous generation - pasteurization of wine - then milk

37. Hepatitis A
Legionnaire disease - water droplets - pontiac disease
active = body must actively make antibodies - passive = body receives antibodies from outside source
5. sand filtration (removes anaerobic bacteria) 6. aeration (adds oxygen) 7. chlorination (kills remaining bacteria) 8. possible flouridation
spread by food - self limiting

38. Interleukin II

39. Streptomycin
A Anaphylactic (immediate) - IgE - mast cell - basophils - histamine release - bee sting - hay fever
Mantoux test aka tinne test aka skin prick test - PPD = purified protein derivative - delayed hypersensitivity (Type IV) - Zeihl Nielson staining (acid fast) - gohn complex in lung
follows dermatome
for gram negative - inhibits protein synthesis

40. Double blind study
Dicks test
Controls FDA - CDC - US Public Health Services
Chemicals produced by cells - (I - II - III)
eliminates placebo

41. West nile virus
eastern equine encephalitis
franciella tularensis - rabbit fever
dead polio vaccine - by injection - done before Sabin
gonorrhea

42. Artificial active immunity
discovered bacteriophage - an altered virus
Injection of attenuated organism - ie. tetanus toxoid = inactivated portion that triggers immune system to make antibody
discovered prions (acellular proteins which denature other proteins) - prions cause mad cow disease - creutzfield jacob - scrapie in sheep - kuru in New Guinea
Came up with washing hands before delivering baby and significantly reduced puerperal fever (aka childbed fever) - this can develop into sepsis - contracted by women after childbirth

43. Guillene-Barre
Transmitted fecal-oral contamination - affects anterior horn (alpha motor)
aka post-infectious polyradiculopathy - ascending demyelination of PNS - can be acquired after influenza vaccination or infection
antibody against a toxin - (artificial passive immunity) - purified antiserum from animals who have been given the toxoid
Made by big bone marrow - in blood and lymph system

44. Poliovirus
antibody against a toxin - (artificial passive immunity) - purified antiserum from animals who have been given the toxoid
proved bacteria 'causes' disease - Koch's 4 postulates
anterior horn - lower motor neuron signs
all spread by mosquitos

45. Reed - Walter
uncooked beef
toxin that affects the intestines - ie. lipopolysaccharides can be enterotoxic
acellular protein which denatures other proteins - cannot be autoclaved - mad cow disease
Yellow fever

46. Eukaryotes
True nucleus - organelles ie. human cells - protozoa like giardia and amoeba
responsible for milk and milk products
uncooked beef
red pus

47. What are the 5 diseases caused by staph aureus?
Chemicals produced by cells - (I - II - III)
aka ancylostoma duodenale - fecal contaminated soil - wear shoes to prevent - most common hookworm in US
STOIC: Scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - Toxic shockOsteomyelitis - Impetigo - Carbuncles [staph aureus produces alpha toxin aka alpha hemolysin]
spontaneous abortion in cattle

48. Widal lab test
Injection of attenuated organism - ie. tetanus toxoid = inactivated portion that triggers immune system to make antibody
hemorrhagic jaundice - aka Wheel's disease
atypical pneumonia - mycoplasms lacks cell wall
for typhoid fever

49. Lister
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments
aka St Anthony's Fire - superficial form of cellulitis - inflammation of dermis
Brody's abcess
influenza

50. Taenia saginata
acid fast - M=mycobacterium - A=acid - F=fast
uncooked beef
fix gross specimens
Indicate how the organisms are organized and classified