Microbiology Board

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Sulfa
the purpose of opsonization is to enhance phagocytosis - (marks the target for strike)
plasmid DNA transfer via sex pilus - bestows antimicrobial resistance
guarnari bodies
for gram negative - competes with PABA


2. Widal lab test
genital herpes 'below the belt'
for typhoid fever
toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell - heat stable - gram (-) have these
for gram positive - inhibits cell wall synthesis


3. Double blind study
PDD = purified protein derivative - Type IV (Delayed hypersensitivity reaction) - Ziehl Neilson staining (shows acid fast) - chest x-ray john complex
eliminates placebo
Inactivated toxin (active artificial immunity)
developed humoral 'phagocytic' theory of immune response


4. Leading cause of death in adults in the US
blue/green pus - warm moist places - most common pneumonia and cyclic fibrosis
influenza
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
grown in candle jars culture


5. Pastuer
'old age pigment' - lipid residue - build up of lipofuscin in organs = 'brown's atrophy'
fix gross specimens
father of pathology and germ theory - rabies vaccine - disproved spontaneous generation - pasteurization of wine - then milk
2 populations living together - both benefit and accomplish things that they can't do alone


6. Neurotoxin
Came up with washing hands before delivering baby and significantly reduced puerperal fever (aka childbed fever) - this can develop into sepsis - contracted by women after childbirth
toxin that affects the nervous system - ie. botulism - tetanus
organic material
fish - mouth - contaminated sushi - may cause pernicious anemia (B12) - yellow fin tuna most commonly has it


7. What viral disease has an antigenic shift and/or drift?
Influenza
staph aureus
Classified streptococcus
developed smallpox vaccine


8. Gummas are inclusion bodies associated with...
Many furuncles (infected hair follicles) - 'a CAR load of furuncles' - #1 cause is staph aureus
tertiary syphilis
staph aureus
river blindness - flies - in Africa


9. Live attenuated vaccine
anterior horn - lower motor neuron signs
Magic bullet - sulfa drugs - first treatment for syphilis
direct uptake of free DNA
Measles - mumps - rubella - Sabin


10. Vibrio cholera

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11. Ehrlich
Magic bullet - sulfa drugs - first treatment for syphilis
river eye worm - flies - aka African Eye Worm
Methycilline resistant staph aureus - hospitals use vancomycin now
Mucous membrane (saliva - tears) - buys time for the body to recognize the invader - breast milk


12. Blue/green purulent (pus)
atypical pneumonia - mycoplasms lacks cell wall
organic material
psuedomonas aeruginosa - open burn infection - unsanitized hot tub - fluoresces blue under UV light from pyocyanin and fluorescein pigment
161


13. Encephalitis
all spread by mosquitos
'around' - flagella everywhere
father of pathology and germ theory - rabies vaccine - disproved spontaneous generation - pasteurization of wine - then milk
was used for newborn's eyes (no longer used now - erythromycin instead) - prevents ophthalmia neonatorum (most common cause = gonorrhea)


14. Lancefield - Rebecca
1 congenital malformations 2 prematurity
small pox (variola)
Trichinosis - raw pork - lives in striated muscles - intercostals and diaphragm - diagnosed on x-ray especially gastrocnemius biopsy to confirm
Classified streptococcus


15. Ascaris lumbricoides

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16. Artificial active immunity
Allergic reactions - increases in Hodgkins disease (Reed-Sternberg cells)
Injection of attenuated organism - ie. tetanus toxoid = inactivated portion that triggers immune system to make antibody
Catalase
Coagulase


17. Hasteurellis
heterophile agglutinization (Paul Bunnel) - Downey cell (don't let mono get you down) - monospot
old name
D - Delayed hypersensitivity - aka cell mediated aka cellular - T-Cell lymohocytes - this is the only one NOT antibody mediated - transplant rejection via MHC
dysentery


18. Hepatitis A
Lymphocyte activating factor - made by macrophages for brain and nervous tissue
influenza
spread by food - self limiting
C5B - C9


19. Leading cause of death world wide
secondary
1 tuberculosis 2 malaria
Measles
pre-op disinfectant


20. Legionella
Chemicals produced by cells - (I - II - III)
Legionnaire disease - water droplets - pontiac disease
Monitors soil - air and water quality
Made by big bone marrow - in blood and lymph system


21. Hypersensitivity reactions
rubella - rabies - Hep A
types I - IV - pneumonic = ACID (see future flash card)
subunit of protein coat 'capsid' of virus particle
Transmitted fecal-oral contamination - affects anterior horn (alpha motor)


22. Guarneri bodies are inclusion bodies associated with...
small pox (variola)
'around' - flagella everywhere
DiGeorge's syndrome - (primary immune deficiency)
ncooked pork


23. What are the 5 diseases caused by staph aureus?
STOIC: Scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - Toxic shockOsteomyelitis - Impetigo - Carbuncles [staph aureus produces alpha toxin aka alpha hemolysin]
river blindness - flies - in Africa
toxin that affects the intestines - ie. lipopolysaccharides can be enterotoxic
for typhoid fever


24. Cell conjugation
eats off living organism
hepatitis associated with alcoholism
discovered prions (acellular proteins which denature other proteins) - prions cause mad cow disease - creutzfield jacob - scrapie in sheep - kuru in New Guinea
plasmid DNA transfer via sex pilus - bestows antimicrobial resistance


25. Herpes simplex virus type 2

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26. When examining the agar plate - describe the colony variation (morphology)
dead/decaying material
D= Dwarf H= Spreading M= Mucoid capsule forming - related to virulence O= compact (O vs H) R= Rough S= Smooth
Classified streptococcus
exposed to disease = body reacts - ie. measles - chicken pox triggers antibody production


27. Colliform lab test checks for...
e coli in water purification - fecal contamination in water
for gram positive - inhibits cell wall synthesis
the purpose of opsonization is to enhance phagocytosis - (marks the target for strike)
Legionnaire disease - water droplets - pontiac disease


28. Don't let mono get you down'
developed humoral 'phagocytic' theory of immune response
given antibody in utero - breastfeeding - in utero = IgG - breastfeeding = IgA
atypical lymphocytes
stain for mycobacteria


29. What separates staph and strep?
discovered the virus - tobacco mosaic virus was the first
pharyngitis
discovered prions (acellular proteins which denature other proteins) - prions cause mad cow disease - creutzfield jacob - scrapie in sheep - kuru in New Guinea
Catalase


30. IgD
Helps IgG
fish - mouth - contaminated sushi - may cause pernicious anemia (B12) - yellow fin tuna most commonly has it
franciella tularensis - rabbit fever
river blindness - flies - in Africa


31. Herpes simplex
2 populations living together - one benefits - the other is unaffected
toxin that affects the nervous system - ie. botulism - tetanus
Cranial nerve V pattern
red pus


32. Herpes zoster
exposed to disease = body reacts - ie. measles - chicken pox triggers antibody production
follows dermatome
Goodpasteur
Coagulase


33. Fomite
developed smallpox vaccine
Inanimate object is a vector - hapten partial or half antigen - does not stimulate immune response - needs to bind to protein to become active
Transfer of disease from animal to human - (ie anthrax gram + - sporulates)
fix gross specimens


34. Natural active immunity
exposed to disease = body reacts - ie. measles - chicken pox triggers antibody production
father of pathology and germ theory - rabies vaccine - disproved spontaneous generation - pasteurization of wine - then milk
anterior horn - lower motor neuron signs
toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell - heat stable - gram (-) have these


35. Streptomycin
In raw contaminated fish
for gram negative - inhibits protein synthesis
gonorrhea
single flagella on one pole


36. IgM pentamer (10 binding sites)
Comes from milk - (this is the only one not from an insect)
Non specific - largest and heaviest - first to increase (first exposure)
aka ancylostoma duodenale - fecal contaminated soil - wear shoes to prevent - most common hookworm in US
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents


37. Prion
fever blisters (cold sores) above the belt can be trigeminal aka gasserian nucleus
D= Dwarf H= Spreading M= Mucoid capsule forming - related to virulence O= compact (O vs H) R= Rough S= Smooth
Affects mitral valve (aka ashkov bodies) - Can = carditis - Sammy = syndenham's chorea - Suck = subcutaneous nodule - Ethyl's = Erythema marginatum - Polyps = migratory Polyarthritis
acellular protein which denatures other proteins - cannot be autoclaved - mad cow disease


38. Interleukin II

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39. Yellow purulent
staph aureus
Chocolate agar aka Thayer Martin agar aka heated blood agar
Hodgkin's
Does research - (not stats)


40. Koch

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41. What causes Group A beta hemolytic strep?
serratia marcenscus
Identifies risk factors
Goodpasteur
rubella - rabies - Hep A


42. Iwanowski
Major histocompatibility complex - Act as a post on surface (self vs non-self) - involve with tissue graft rejection and organ rejection T-cells recognize MHC I - B-cells recognize MHC I & II
discovered the virus - tobacco mosaic virus was the first
Came up with washing hands before delivering baby and significantly reduced puerperal fever (aka childbed fever) - this can develop into sepsis - contracted by women after childbirth
Tetanus by blocking inhibitory GABA and glycine - (GABA in brain - glycine in spinal cord)


43. What will result if born without T cells?

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44. Lipofuscin are inclusion bodies associated with...

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45. Type I hypersensitivity reaction
organic material
genital herpes 'below the belt'
A Anaphylactic (immediate) - IgE - mast cell - basophils - histamine release - bee sting - hay fever
Chlamydia


46. EPA
Monitors soil - air and water quality
Allergic reactions - increases in Hodgkins disease (Reed-Sternberg cells)
Ascholi test
Multiple flagella on one pole (tuft at one end)


47. Exotoxin
Influenza
for gram negative - competes with PABA
toxin outside the cell from cellular waste products - heat labile - cook your food!
polio


48. Tuberculosis test
pre-op disinfectant
pharyngitis
Mantoux test aka tinne test aka skin prick test - PPD = purified protein derivative - delayed hypersensitivity (Type IV) - Zeihl Nielson staining (acid fast) - gohn complex in lung
acid fast - M=mycobacterium - A=acid - F=fast


49. Red purulent
genital herpes 'below the belt'
In plasma cells - consists of antibodies - from chronic inflammation - and malignant disorders - associated with multiple myeloma
serratia marcenscus
No true nucleus - no organelles (no mitochondria) ie. bacteria


50. Paragonimus westermani in lung
2 populations living together - both benefit and accomplish things that they can't do alone
Crayfish - mouth
'old age pigment' - lipid residue - build up of lipofuscin in organs = 'brown's atrophy'
Infested waters - penetrates unbroken skin - host is snail - most common cause of death in helminth world wide - inhabits liver