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Microbiology Board

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Neurotoxin
Cranial nerve V pattern
oral-fecal - colicky pain - lives in small intestines - most common roundworm ('ass' is round) infection worldwide - most common helminth world wide
toxin that affects the nervous system - ie. botulism - tetanus
Trichinosis - raw pork - lives in striated muscles - intercostals and diaphragm - diagnosed on x-ray especially gastrocnemius biopsy to confirm

2. Lister
Most numerous - crosses placenta - anamnestic response 'without amnesia' - the body remembers from the last time you had the disease and secretes the same amount of IgG next time
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments
Measles
aka post-infectious polyradiculopathy - ascending demyelination of PNS - can be acquired after influenza vaccination or infection

3. Koch

4. What will be seen with chronic osteomyelitis?

5. Formaldehyde
Came up with washing hands before delivering baby and significantly reduced puerperal fever (aka childbed fever) - this can develop into sepsis - contracted by women after childbirth
plasmid DNA transfer via sex pilus - bestows antimicrobial resistance
fix gross specimens
TB (inactive phase) -calcium 'jail' around mycobacterium

6. Rubeola
aka ancylostoma duodenale - fecal contaminated soil - wear shoes to prevent - most common hookworm in US
Injection of attenuated organism - ie. tetanus toxoid = inactivated portion that triggers immune system to make antibody
toxin that affects the intestines - ie. lipopolysaccharides can be enterotoxic
Measles

7. Koplik spots are inclusion bodies associated with...
for gram negative - competes with PABA
measles (rubeola / red measles) - on buccal mucosa - white / bluish spots
'both' flagella are on both poles
river eye worm - flies - aka African Eye Worm

8. CDC statistics
exposed to disease = body reacts - ie. measles - chicken pox triggers antibody production
Measles - mumps - rubella - Sabin
father of pathology and germ theory - rabies vaccine - disproved spontaneous generation - pasteurization of wine - then milk
(not research) - morbidity and epidemiology statistics

9. Coxiella
bloody transfusions
Comes from milk - (this is the only one not from an insect)
fever blisters (cold sores) above the belt can be trigeminal aka gasserian nucleus
Controls FDA - CDC - US Public Health Services

10. Vibrio cholera

11. IgE parasitic infections
Injection of preformed antibodies - ie. tetanus antitoxin = pre-made antibody attacks circulating toxins - not bound toxins - tetanus antitoxin CANNOT cross blood brain barrier
aquatic plants - contaminated snail feces gets into plants
Allergic reactions - increases in Hodgkins disease (Reed-Sternberg cells)
C - Cytotoxic - IgG - [2 things = type II] antigen + antibody

12. Acid fast
5. sand filtration (removes anaerobic bacteria) 6. aeration (adds oxygen) 7. chlorination (kills remaining bacteria) 8. possible flouridation
plasmid DNA transfer via sex pilus - bestows antimicrobial resistance
stain for mycobacteria
toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell - heat stable - gram (-) have these

13. Corneybacterium
developed smallpox vaccine
types I - IV - pneumonic = ACID (see future flash card)
dyptheria - gray pseudomembrane in throat - pleomorphic - many shapes - chinese characters
In plasma cells - consists of antibodies - from chronic inflammation - and malignant disorders - associated with multiple myeloma

14. Zoonosis
metachromatic granules seen in diphtheria (pseudomembrane in throat)
Transfer of disease from animal to human - (ie anthrax gram + - sporulates)
developed smallpox vaccine
Most common liver cancer - spread by dirty needles and sexual contact

15. What do saprophytes eat?
'around' - flagella everywhere
dead/decaying material
viral hepatitis
the purpose of opsonization is to enhance phagocytosis - (marks the target for strike)

16. What viral disease has an antigenic shift and/or drift?
Chemicals produced by cells - (I - II - III)
rubella - rabies - Hep A
Influenza
Tetanus - botulism

17. What will result if born without B cells at birth?

18. Enterotoxin
Bruten's A Gamma Globulin Anemia - (primary immune deficiency)
toxin that affects the intestines - ie. lipopolysaccharides can be enterotoxic
Affects mitral valve (aka ashkov bodies) - Can = carditis - Sammy = syndenham's chorea - Suck = subcutaneous nodule - Ethyl's = Erythema marginatum - Polyps = migratory Polyarthritis
Non specific - largest and heaviest - first to increase (first exposure)

19. Legionella
eats off living organism
bacteriophage transfers genetic material between bacteria - bacteriophage = altered virus
aka post-infectious polyradiculopathy - ascending demyelination of PNS - can be acquired after influenza vaccination or infection
Legionnaire disease - water droplets - pontiac disease

20. What are the 6 diseases that can be caused by strep pyogenes?
Infection in children - honey crusted lesions around the mouth - #1 cause is staph aureus
1 congenital malformations 2 prematurity
SERGIS: - Strep throat - Erysipelas - Rheumatic fever - Glomerulonephritis - Impetigo - Scarlet Fever
given antibody in utero - breastfeeding - in utero = IgG - breastfeeding = IgA

21. Genus and species
the purpose of opsonization is to enhance phagocytosis - (marks the target for strike)
Can be in presence of absence of O2 - facultative aerobe = prefers O2 - facultative anaerobe = prefers no O2
Indicate how the organisms are named - (King Paul Can Only Find Good Spices) Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species
2 populations living together - both benefit and accomplish things that they can't do alone

22. Opsonin
McCallums Patch
Dicks test
Mantoux test aka tinne test aka skin prick test - PPD = purified protein derivative - delayed hypersensitivity (Type IV) - Zeihl Nielson staining (acid fast) - gohn complex in lung
the purpose of opsonization is to enhance phagocytosis - (marks the target for strike)

23. Jenner
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments
river blindness - flies - in Africa
developed smallpox vaccine
parkinson's - aka paralysis agitans - shuffling / festering gait

24. What separates staph from other staph?
Coagulase
for serology test for all rickettsia except coxiella burnetti (Q fever) - antigen for test = proteus vulgaris
psuedomonas aeruginosa - open burn infection - unsanitized hot tub - fluoresces blue under UV light from pyocyanin and fluorescein pigment
bacteriophage transfers genetic material between bacteria - bacteriophage = altered virus

25. Sabin
Trichinosis - raw pork - lives in striated muscles - intercostals and diaphragm - diagnosed on x-ray especially gastrocnemius biopsy to confirm
Live polio vaccine - given orally
viral hepatitis
1 congenital malformations 2 prematurity

26. Lipofuscin are inclusion bodies associated with...

27. Leading cause of death world wide
for staph
1 tuberculosis 2 malaria
Coagulase
In raw contaminated fish

28. Flasciolopsis buski in intestines
aquatic plants - contaminated snail feces gets into plants
types I - IV - pneumonic = ACID (see future flash card)
rubella - rabies - Hep A
dead polio vaccine - by injection - done before Sabin

29. Leeuwenhoek
STOIC: Scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) - Toxic shockOsteomyelitis - Impetigo - Carbuncles [staph aureus produces alpha toxin aka alpha hemolysin]
In plasma cells - consists of antibodies - from chronic inflammation - and malignant disorders - associated with multiple myeloma
eats off living organism
developed the first microscope - saw microorganisms

30. Inactivated vaccine
for gram negative and positive - inhibits protein synthesis - turns teeth gray or yellow brown
enhances phagocytosis or cellular lysis
BLCCSS (blocks) - Bacillus - Listeria monocytogenes - Clostridium - Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Staph - Strep
salk - rabies

31. Trichuris trichura

32. Iwanowski
Injection of attenuated organism - ie. tetanus toxoid = inactivated portion that triggers immune system to make antibody
Steam heat under - denatures membranes - ineffective against prions
discovered the virus - tobacco mosaic virus was the first
spread by food - self limiting

33. Russell bodies are inclusion bodies associated with...
In plasma cells - consists of antibodies - from chronic inflammation - and malignant disorders - associated with multiple myeloma
tertiary syphilis
I - Immune-complex mediated - IgG and complement [3 things = type III] = antigen + antibody + complement
toxin outside the cell from cellular waste products - heat labile - cook your food!

34. Escherichia E.coli

35. Details of erysipelas

36. Diphyllobothrium latum
fish - mouth - contaminated sushi - may cause pernicious anemia (B12) - yellow fin tuna most commonly has it
the purpose of opsonization is to enhance phagocytosis - (marks the target for strike)
Came up with washing hands before delivering baby and significantly reduced puerperal fever (aka childbed fever) - this can develop into sepsis - contracted by women after childbirth
influenza

37. Live attenuated vaccine
Measles - mumps - rubella - Sabin
Strep pyogenes
In liver - contaminated aquatic plants (ie kelp) - hemoptysis
the purpose of opsonization is to enhance phagocytosis - (marks the target for strike)

38. Penicillin
Classified streptococcus
for gram positive - inhibits cell wall synthesis
most common cause of UTI - enterotoxic - 'traveller's disease' - E.coli 157 - enterohemorrhagic (meat)
Measles

39. What will you see on TB test?
aka St Anthony's Fire - superficial form of cellulitis - inflammation of dermis
Magic bullet - sulfa drugs - first treatment for syphilis
PDD = purified protein derivative - Type IV (Delayed hypersensitivity reaction) - Ziehl Neilson staining (shows acid fast) - chest x-ray john complex
for typhoid fever

40. Hepatitis A
spread by food - self limiting
stain for mycobacteria
toxin that affects the nervous system - ie. botulism - tetanus
bubonic plague

41. Semmelweiss
Came up with washing hands before delivering baby and significantly reduced puerperal fever (aka childbed fever) - this can develop into sepsis - contracted by women after childbirth
pharyngitis
guarnari bodies
Can be in presence of absence of O2 - facultative aerobe = prefers O2 - facultative anaerobe = prefers no O2

42. Lophotrichus
active = body must actively make antibodies - passive = body receives antibodies from outside source
influenza
Multiple flagella on one pole (tuft at one end)
acid fast - M=mycobacterium - A=acid - F=fast

43. Symbiosis
spontaneous abortion in cattle
gonorrhea
Indicate how the organisms are organized and classified
2 populations living together - one or both benefit

44. EPA
Yellow fever
Monitors soil - air and water quality
Brody's abcess
for gram negative and positive - inhibits protein synthesis - turns teeth gray or yellow brown

45. Obligate
heterophile agglutinization (Paul Bunnel) - Downey cell (don't let mono get you down) - monospot
responsible for milk and milk products
Can only be in ONE environment - not the other - obligate aerobe = only in O2 - obligate anaerobe = only without O2
Comma shape - massive diarrhea 'rice water stool'

46. Clonorchis sinensis in liver
e coli in water purification - fecal contamination in water
C3B complement
Tetanus by blocking inhibitory GABA and glycine - (GABA in brain - glycine in spinal cord)
In raw contaminated fish

47. Tetracycline
developed humoral 'phagocytic' theory of immune response
Multiple flagella on one pole (tuft at one end)
for gram negative and positive - inhibits protein synthesis - turns teeth gray or yellow brown
Canine feces - found in dogs - wolves and humans - hydatid cysts in live and lung

48. What do heterotrophs eat?
responsible for milk and milk products
rheumatic fever
organic material
Chlamydia

49. Polio
fish - mouth - contaminated sushi - may cause pernicious anemia (B12) - yellow fin tuna most commonly has it
Hodgkin's
Transmitted fecal-oral contamination - affects anterior horn (alpha motor)
heterophile agglutinization (Paul Bunnel) - Downey cell (don't let mono get you down) - monospot

50. Burnet/Metchinkoff