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Microbiology Board

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Mannitol salt
blue/green pus - warm moist places - most common pneumonia and cyclic fibrosis
Inanimate object is a vector - hapten partial or half antigen - does not stimulate immune response - needs to bind to protein to become active
for staph
subunit of protein coat 'capsid' of virus particle

2. Sterilization / autoclave
Steam heat under - denatures membranes - ineffective against prions
Typhoid fever - salmonella enteridese -> from chicken poop
fish - mouth - contaminated sushi - may cause pernicious anemia (B12) - yellow fin tuna most commonly has it
types I - IV - pneumonic = ACID (see future flash card)

3. Monotrichus
single flagella on one pole
Allergic reactions - increases in Hodgkins disease (Reed-Sternberg cells)
True nucleus - organelles ie. human cells - protozoa like giardia and amoeba
2 populations living together - both benefit

4. Neurotoxin
pre-op disinfectant
toxin that affects the nervous system - ie. botulism - tetanus
McCallums Patch
Non specific - largest and heaviest - first to increase (first exposure)

5. Type III hypersensitivity reaction
I - Immune-complex mediated - IgG and complement [3 things = type III] = antigen + antibody + complement
Made by big bone marrow - in blood and lymph system
2 populations living together - one or both benefit
Magic bullet - sulfa drugs - first treatment for syphilis

6. What is the best test for water pollution?
mononucleosis
Monitors soil - air and water quality
pre-op disinfectant
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand

7. Ascaris lumbricoides

8. Interleukin I
Measles - mumps - rubella - Sabin
Lymphocyte activating factor - made by macrophages for brain and nervous tissue
antisepsis - used carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments
polio

9. Primary water purification process
measles (rubeola / red measles) - on buccal mucosa - white / bluish spots
toxin outside the cell from cellular waste products - heat labile - cook your food!
no T cells and no B cells
1. filtration 2. flocculation (aluminum salts) 3. sedimentation 4. sludge digestion (add anaerobic bacteria)

10. D'Herelle - Felix
Live polio vaccine - given orally
eastern equine encephalitis
Regulated health products to the public
discovered bacteriophage - an altered virus

11. Aschoff bodies are associated with...
metachromatic granules seen in diphtheria (pseudomembrane in throat)
Canine feces - found in dogs - wolves and humans - hydatid cysts in live and lung
rheumatic fever
developed smallpox vaccine

12. Herpes simplex virus type 1
Dicks test
BLCCSS (blocks) - Bacillus - Listeria monocytogenes - Clostridium - Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Staph - Strep
Can only be in ONE environment - not the other - obligate aerobe = only in O2 - obligate anaerobe = only without O2
fever blisters (cold sores) above the belt can be trigeminal aka gasserian nucleus

13. West nile virus
for gram positive - inhibits cell wall synthesis
5. sand filtration (removes anaerobic bacteria) 6. aeration (adds oxygen) 7. chlorination (kills remaining bacteria) 8. possible flouridation
eastern equine encephalitis
McCallums Patch

14. Echinococcus granulosus
genital herpes 'below the belt'
Yellow fever
eastern equine encephalitis
Canine feces - found in dogs - wolves and humans - hydatid cysts in live and lung

15. Hepatitis C
Transmitted fecal-oral contamination - affects anterior horn (alpha motor)
bloody transfusions
for serology test for all rickettsia except coxiella burnetti (Q fever) - antigen for test = proteus vulgaris
Came up with washing hands before delivering baby and significantly reduced puerperal fever (aka childbed fever) - this can develop into sepsis - contracted by women after childbirth

16. Hepatitis B
rabies and hydrophobia
Most common liver cancer - spread by dirty needles and sexual contact
metachromatic granules seen in diphtheria (pseudomembrane in throat)
heterophile agglutination test for mononucleosis - downy cell inclusion bodies 'don't let mono get you down'

17. Artificial active immunity
Chlamydia
acid fast - M=mycobacterium - A=acid - F=fast
Injection of attenuated organism - ie. tetanus toxoid = inactivated portion that triggers immune system to make antibody
Mucous membrane (saliva - tears) - buys time for the body to recognize the invader - breast milk

18. Temperature and time for flash/continuous method of pasteurization
enhances phagocytosis or cellular lysis
river eye worm - flies - aka African Eye Worm
given antibody in utero - breastfeeding - in utero = IgG - breastfeeding = IgA
161

19. Salk
Affects mitral valve (aka ashkov bodies) - Can = carditis - Sammy = syndenham's chorea - Suck = subcutaneous nodule - Ethyl's = Erythema marginatum - Polyps = migratory Polyarthritis
toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell - heat stable - gram (-) have these
dead polio vaccine - by injection - done before Sabin
TB

20. Facultative
Dicks test
Can be in presence of absence of O2 - facultative aerobe = prefers O2 - facultative anaerobe = prefers no O2
1 heart disease 2 cancer 3 stroke 4 respiratory infection 5 accidents
'both' flagella are on both poles

21. IgG first to increase (second exposure

22. Negri bodies are inclusion bodies associated with..
Strep pyogenes
Methycilline resistant staph aureus - hospitals use vancomycin now
TB
rabies and hydrophobia

23. FDA
e coli in water purification - fecal contamination in water
Hodgkin's
Comma shape - massive diarrhea 'rice water stool'
Regulated health products to the public

24. Lancefield - Rebecca
In plasma cells - consists of antibodies - from chronic inflammation - and malignant disorders - associated with multiple myeloma
eats off living organism
Classified streptococcus
Infection in children - honey crusted lesions around the mouth - #1 cause is staph aureus

25. Obligate
Can only be in ONE environment - not the other - obligate aerobe = only in O2 - obligate anaerobe = only without O2
the purpose of opsonization is to enhance phagocytosis - (marks the target for strike)
whip worm ('whip those t's into shape) oral-fecal weight loss
Legionnaire disease - water droplets - pontiac disease

26. Councilman cells are inclusion bodies associated with...
atypical lymphocytes
Legionnaire disease - water droplets - pontiac disease
viral hepatitis
staph aureus

27. Leading cause of death in children in the US
Allergic reactions - increases in Hodgkins disease (Reed-Sternberg cells)
1 congenital malformations 2 prematurity
toxin that affects the intestines - ie. lipopolysaccharides can be enterotoxic
red pus

28. What is seen with mononucleosis heterophile antibody?

29. Babes Ernst Granules are inclusion bodies associated with...
metachromatic granules seen in diphtheria (pseudomembrane in throat)
mononucleosis
T-cell growth factor - made by CD4 cells - CD4 = T-Helper cell = 'quarterback' of immune system - directs response of immune system
for gram negative and positive - inhibits protein synthesis - turns teeth gray or yellow brown

30. Flasciolopsis hepatica
SERGIS: - Strep throat - Erysipelas - Rheumatic fever - Glomerulonephritis - Impetigo - Scarlet Fever
In liver - contaminated aquatic plants (ie kelp) - hemoptysis
Lungs - ie. tuberculosis - blastomycosis - pneumoconiosis
Measles - mumps - rubella - Sabin

31. Fomite
Most common liver cancer - spread by dirty needles and sexual contact
Inanimate object is a vector - hapten partial or half antigen - does not stimulate immune response - needs to bind to protein to become active
most common cause of UTI - enterotoxic - 'traveller's disease' - E.coli 157 - enterohemorrhagic (meat)
father of pathology and germ theory - rabies vaccine - disproved spontaneous generation - pasteurization of wine - then milk

32. Lophotrichus
rheumatic fever
polio
Measles - mumps vaccine
Multiple flagella on one pole (tuft at one end)

33. Penicillin
eastern equine encephalitis
for gram positive - inhibits cell wall synthesis
Helps IgG
developed the first microscope - saw microorganisms

34. USDA
atypical pneumonia - mycoplasms lacks cell wall
Chocolate agar aka Thayer Martin agar aka heated blood agar
responsible for milk and milk products
strawberry tongue

35. Guillene-Barre
aka post-infectious polyradiculopathy - ascending demyelination of PNS - can be acquired after influenza vaccination or infection
toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell - heat stable - gram (-) have these
mononucleosis
Mantoux test - tine test - skin prick test

36. Transduction
uncooked beef
Classified streptococcus
bloody transfusions
bacteriophage transfers genetic material between bacteria - bacteriophage = altered virus

37. Trichuris trichura

38. Hasteurellis
old name
Injection of attenuated organism - ie. tetanus toxoid = inactivated portion that triggers immune system to make antibody
heterophile agglutination test for mononucleosis - downy cell inclusion bodies 'don't let mono get you down'
filiariasis - mosquitoes - elephants - lymphatic blockage

39. Blue/green purulent (pus)
T-cell growth factor - made by CD4 cells - CD4 = T-Helper cell = 'quarterback' of immune system - directs response of immune system
psuedomonas aeruginosa - open burn infection - unsanitized hot tub - fluoresces blue under UV light from pyocyanin and fluorescein pigment
Lungs - ie. tuberculosis - blastomycosis - pneumoconiosis
'around' - flagella everywhere

40. Genus and species
Indicate how the organisms are named - (King Paul Can Only Find Good Spices) Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species
aka ancylostoma duodenale - fecal contaminated soil - wear shoes to prevent - most common hookworm in US
proved bacteria 'causes' disease - Koch's 4 postulates
C5B - C9

41. Toxoid
the purpose of opsonization is to enhance phagocytosis - (marks the target for strike)
atypical lymphocytes
Inactivated toxin (active artificial immunity)
dyptheria - gray pseudomembrane in throat - pleomorphic - many shapes - chinese characters

42. Pseudomonas
Magic bullet - sulfa drugs - first treatment for syphilis
blue/green pus - warm moist places - most common pneumonia and cyclic fibrosis
Influenza
spread by food - self limiting

43. Natural passive immunity
bubonic plague
given antibody in utero - breastfeeding - in utero = IgG - breastfeeding = IgA
eats off living organism
franciella tularensis - rabbit fever

44. Shistosoma japonicum in blood
DiGeorge's syndrome - (primary immune deficiency)
Infested waters - penetrates unbroken skin - host is snail - most common cause of death in helminth world wide - inhabits liver
Inorganic material
for gram negative and positive - inhibits protein synthesis - turns teeth gray or yellow brown

45. What are the only Gram + organisms?
Most numerous - crosses placenta - anamnestic response 'without amnesia' - the body remembers from the last time you had the disease and secretes the same amount of IgG next time
pinworm - anus-finger-mouth - scotch tape or anal cellophane - nocturnal anal itching - most common helminth in the US
BLCCSS (blocks) - Bacillus - Listeria monocytogenes - Clostridium - Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Staph - Strep
toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of cell - heat stable - gram (-) have these

46. Interleukins
given antibody in utero - breastfeeding - in utero = IgG - breastfeeding = IgA
ncooked pork
Chemicals produced by cells - (I - II - III)
small pox (variola)

47. Aka's for TB test
aka St Anthony's Fire - superficial form of cellulitis - inflammation of dermis
Mantoux test - tine test - skin prick test
Legionnaire disease - water droplets - pontiac disease
anterior horn - lower motor neuron signs

48. Downey cells are inclusion bodies associated with...
1. filtration 2. flocculation (aluminum salts) 3. sedimentation 4. sludge digestion (add anaerobic bacteria)
C5B - C9
mononucleosis
for gram negative - competes with PABA

49. Leeuwenhoek
developed the first microscope - saw microorganisms
for gram negative - competes with PABA
dysentery
fish - mouth - contaminated sushi - may cause pernicious anemia (B12) - yellow fin tuna most commonly has it

50. Commensalism
Chlamydia
2 populations living together - one benefits - the other is unaffected
fever blisters (cold sores) above the belt can be trigeminal aka gasserian nucleus
types I - IV - pneumonic = ACID (see future flash card)