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Microphones Theory

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Another name for condenser microphone.






2. Keep in proper case; Never disassemble shockmounts






3. The first phantom powered condenser microphone designed for use by Georg Neumann for Norwegian State Television.






4. Very robust and durable; Used in telephones until 1990's; Currently finds applications for military use.






5. An extremely strong acoustic nano- film designed to replace the foil ribbon in ribbon microphones.






6. Measurement similar to how our hearing works in frequency response charts.






7. Will yield a 6dB increase in output - but will cause a loss of high frequency response.






8. Coincident pairing of two bidirectional mics that make a pattern of crossing Figure 8's.






9. Works exactly like condenser mic but one of the two plates is manufactured as a capsule with a permanent static charge so there is no external power source necessary; Requires phantom or battery to charge internal mic preamp.






10. French physicist who pioneered piezoelectricity.






11. Used by government agencies to determine safe sound exposure levels (in dB) over a period of time; 85 - 90 dB = 16 hrs. of safe exposure time at 85 dB; Decreases to 8 hrs. of safe exposure time at 90 dB.






12. When miking an amp placing it near the center of this will make it sound brighter; Miking near the outer edge of this will make it sound darker and more mellow in tone.






13. 2 - 4 ft. from player; Placed below the line of sight of the bell - rotated at about 30 degrees off axis - and tilted upward.






14. Increasing magnetic field strength is the only practical means of increasing output voltage; Conductor movement is limited due to tension of the ribbon; and ribbon length increases lead to a loss of high frequency response.






15. Radio Frequency Interference






16. Proportional to: Magnetic field strength; Length of the conductor; Velocity of conductor moving through the magnetic field.






17. Often look like handheld vocal mics; Talk or sing into the end of the microphone.






18. Consumers can listen to live broadcasts over telephone lines; Individual one- way experience that required a subscription service to listen to performances.






19. Founded AKG at the end of WWII in Austria.






20. The method by which microphones are classified.






21. First microphone invented by Georg Neumann






22. An electrical device characterized by its capacity to store an electric charge;






23. Aluminum Ribbon - Bi-Polar (Figure 8); Side Address; Manufactured by Shiny Box; Buttery mid- range improves digital recordings and smooths out modern treble; Best on drums - piano - overheads - and vocals where treble is focused.






24. The tuning machines of a guitar; Part of the tuning key that strings are threaded through and twisted.






25. Mics placed in front of an instrument or ensemble (in a left/right fashion) to obtain an overall stereo image; Sound more open and natural; Weaker center image than X/Y; Great for creating background sounds that will blend in with foreground sounds.






26. Allows all low frequencies to pass; Blocks the higher frequencies from being processed.






27. Occupying the same space and time.






28. Shows the max sound pressure level possible with a certain amount of distortion; Measured in dB (decibels).






29. Used for stereo miking to ensure correct balance and imaging.






30. Method of creating low end effects from a bass drum by creating a tunnel at the mic end thus trapping sound and amplifying low end boost.






31. Sounds that arrive at the 0






32. Modern drummer who has created a large kit and innovated several ways of capturing the sound from his massive kit.






33. This is what is measured to produce an electrical signal in condenser mics; This changes as sound waves strike the diaphragm causing the distance to the back plate to change.






34. Allow sound to reach the rear of the capsule/diaphragm - to create cardioid - supercardioid - and hypercardioid patterns In single capsule pressure gradient microphones.






35. The outer covering of a microphone.






36. Condenser; Cardioid; End Address; 48V Required; Manufactured by AudioTechnica; Switchable 80 Hz Hi-Pass Filter; Ideal for professional recording and critical applications in broadcast.






37. - Omnidirectional: 100% - Cardioid: 33% - Supercardioid: 27% - Hypercardioid: 25% - Bidirectional: 33%






38. Determined by: Ribbon Thickness (about 3 to 6 microns); Corrugations/Inch; Tension of the Ribbon.






39. A flat or roughly flat strip on the neck of a stringed instrument against which the strings are pressed to shorten the vibrating length and produce notes of higher pitches.






40. Older ribbon microphone weighing 8.5 lbs. nearly all of it the large magnet!






41. Known as 'The Bottle' this was the first mass - produced condenser mic.






42. Extremely narrow area of sensitivity in front with extended reach; Also has multiple lobes which vary in position with frequency; Not made from combining pure patterns - but created by using an interference tube.






43. Moving a conductor (a coil of wire) through a magnetic field will cause a voltage to be induced across the conductor.

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44. Changes in air pressure from the front or the back can cause polarity cancellation; Sides have good rejection; Natural polar pattern is bidirectional.






45. Using omnidirectional as a reference of 1 - this is a measurement of how much farther you can be from a mic to achieve equal output level in other polar pattern microphones.






46. 4800 ft/sec






47. Omnidirectional: N/ - Cardioid: 180






48. A 3- mic array using omni mics with left - right and center placement; Center is placed about 5 ft. closer to the source to eliminate 'holes' in the middle and the center levels are reduced for an even sound; Forms a triangle.






49. Omnidirectional: 360






50. The world's first single element cardioid mics.