SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Molecular Biotechnology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Determines amino acid selection. A noncognate amino acid charge incorrectly to the tRNA will be inserted into the protein. Introduce new amino acid by using tRNA for UAG.
Bacterial Transcription
tRNA
Levels of Cells
Amino acyl- tRNA synthase
2. A templated process just like in DNA replication and there is no processing steps.
RNA Primer
Nonsense suppression
Components of Translation
Bacterial Transcription
3. A segment of DNA molecule contains the information required for synthesis of a functional biological product
Degeneracy
Activation Lac Operon
When tryptophan is high
Gene
4. Release DNA - rewind DNA - release RNA; stop signals or rho mediated termination (hairpin is a palindromic GC- rich region followed by an AT- rich region; Rho is a termination factor that binds to nascent RNA) RNAP has sigma factor that recognizes pr
TrpL
Termination:
Molecular Biotechnology
Pleiotropic
5. The ribosome translating the leader peptide arrives at the two tryptophan codons and has to wait for tryptophan. During this time - RNAP continues to transcribe. Stem loop between 2 and 3.
When tryptophan is low
Prokaryote
Initiation
ara operon
6. Structural and functional units of life. All organisms are made of cells - all cells are derived from preexisting cells - the purpose of a microorganism is to make another microorganisms as quickly as possible; alter metabolism of microorganism to ma
DNA diagnostic systems
Cells
Eukaryotic Transcription
Inducible expression
7. In E. coli - DNAP III can unwind DNA (helicase) and replicate both strands of DNA. It also has proofreading activity and corrects mistakes 3' to 5' exonuclease
Monocistronic
DNAP
araI
Termination:
8. In prokaryotes - related genes often arrayed in tandem. A unit of bacterial gene expression and regulation - recognized by a regulator gene product
Components of Translation
Operon
Cells
Degeneracy
9. When half DNA strand has been denatured. Determined by GC content (triple bond)
Activation Lac Operon
Eukaryotic Transcription
3 Stages of DNA Replication
Melting temperature (Tm)
10. 1. mRNA: encodes genetic information 2. tRNA: transfer RNA - involved in protein synthesis (DNA to amino acids) 3. rRNA: ribosome RNA - involved in protein synthesis (polypeptide formation) 4. Ribozymes and RNAi - Can store genetic information and ca
Diauxie
RNA
Central Dogma
Trp operon
11. Comprised of >50 proteins associated with rRNA units. Site of protein synthesis and binds mRNA and finds protein synthesis initiation sites. It also binds aa- tRNA and catalyzes peptide bond formation.
araI
Polycistronic
Inducible expression
Ribosomes
12. The process of decreasing the expression of inducible genes
araI
Proteins
araO1
Repression
13. Gene products decrease in concentration under particular molecular circumstances
mRNA processing
Repressible expression
DNA Replication
Gene
14. 1. Ethidium bromide staining 2. P32 - P33 radioactivity 3. Fluorescence 4. Agarose gel electrophoresis
Bacterial Transcription
Molecular Biotechnology
Visualization of DNA
Initiation of Translation in Eukaryote
15. 1. Capping: 5' phosphate capped by 7- methyl guanosine and is a 5'-5' linkage instead of 5'-3' This makes RNA more stable 2. Intron removal 3. Export to cytoplasm 4. Polyadenylated mRNA precursor
mRNA processing
When tryptophan is low
Melting temperature (Tm)
Proteins
16. Codes for three enzymes needed to catalyze the metabolism of arabinose. The operon is regulated by araC gene product.
Initiation of Translation in Bacteria
CAP
ara operon
3 Stages of DNA Replication
17. Binds to CAP binding site. In conjunction with araC bound with arabinose - it assists RNAP in binding to the Pbad promoter
CAP
Negative regulation
Activation Lac Operon
Repressible expression
18. Production of commercial products generated by the metabolic actions of microorganisms.
Molecular Biotechnology
Visualization of DNA
RNA Primer
Impacts of Molecular Biotechnology
19. Attenuation
TrpL
Merodiploid
Retrovirus
cAMP
20. The process in which an exact copy of the double strand DNA is made. It is a templated process and occurs from 5' to 3' end. DNAP - RNA primer; semiconservative (each strand is a template for the replication of the complementary strand)
Molecular Biotechnology
TrpL
Visualization of DNA
DNA Replication
21. Important to suppress mutations at 3rd position and you don't need to have a lot of stop codons; cells can be more flexible
Lac Operon
Induction
Degeneracy
Types of DNA
22. Operons transcribed as single mRNA and mRNA codes for more than one protein.
Polycistronic
Types of DNA
Gene
What makes up a cell?
23. LacY: Transports lactose into the cell LacZ: B- galactosidase LacA: transacetylase LacI: lacI+ cells fully inducible - lacI- were already induced and not responsive to IPTG X- gal: analog of lactose that turns blue when cleaved by lacZ product and o
araO2
RNA Primer
Lac Operon
Wobble
24. In the presence of glucose and lactose - bacteria grows first on glucose - then growth levels off - and starts growing on lactose. You have diauxie growth because (1) CAP helps recruit RNAP. in the presence of glucose - CAMP is low so it can't bind t
cAMP
Gene
DNA diagnostic systems
Diauxie
25. The first two bases of the codon always form strong Watson -Crick base- pairing. The first base in the anticodon determines the number of codons a tRNA can recognize. The first position in anticodon is often modified to inosine to facilitate wobble b
Monocistronic
Bacterial Transcription
Elongation Factor Tu
Wobble
26. EF-Tu GTP binds with an aminoacyl- tRNA and brings it to the ribosome. Once the correct aminoacyl- tRNA is positioned in the ribosome - GTP is hydrolyzed and EF-Tu* GDP dissociates away from the ribosome
Types of DNA
Eukaryotic Transcription
Molecular Biotechnology
Elongation Factor Tu
27. The repressor dimer (aporepressor) can't bind to the repressor. Transcription from the promoter is not stopped. When tryptophan is bound to the repressor dimer - the repressor changes configuration so that it can bind to the operator and transcriptio
Components of Translation
TrpR Repression
Regulated gene expression
araO1
28. 1. Initiation: unwind DNA at the origin of replication (ori) - bidirectional replications; regulated as required for cell division 2. Elongation: requires RNA primer to replicate 3. Termination: signaled by Ter sequence
Central Dogma
3 Stages of DNA Replication
Negative regulation
Initiation of Translation in Eukaryote
29. Select correct ribonucleotides; loss of sigma factor - transcription bubble - no need for primers
Cells
LacI Possibilities
What makes up a cell?
Elongation
30. 1. Nucleic acid hybridization: (a) bind single stranded DNA to a membrane support - (b) add single stranded labeled DNA (probe) under appropriate conditions - (c) wash the support to remove excess unbound labeled probe DNA - (d) detect the hybrid seq
Open reading frame
Activation Lac Operon
DNA diagnostic systems
Retrovirus
31. A reading frame without termination codon among 50 or more codons. Usually correspond to genes that encode proteins
Open reading frame
Operon
What makes up a cell?
Merodiploid
32. A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
LacI Possibilities
Cells
Types of DNA
Eukaryote
33. Inducer site; araC bound at this site can simultaneously bind to the araO2 site to repress transcription from the Pbad promoter. In the presence of arabinose - araC bound at this site helps to activate expression of Pbad promoter.
Elongation Factor Tu
Pleiotropic
Central Dogma
araI
34. Expression levels rise and fall in response to molecular signals
Inducible expression
Constitutive expression
ara operon
Regulated gene expression
35. A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
DNAP
CAP
TrpL
Prokaryote
36. Eukaryotic. mRNA that codes for one protein
Cells
DNA Replication
Elongation Factor Tu
Monocistronic
37. Genes for products that are required at all times.
Housekeeping genes
Wobble
Elongation
Lac Operon
38. TrpE through trpA are five enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan from chorismic acid. If the cell has enough tryptophan - then it doesn't need to waste energy transcribing this mRNA. In the presence of tryptophan - the oper
Lac Operon
Operon
Trp operon
Amino acyl- tRNA synthase
39. The process of increasing the expression of inducible genes
Diauxie
When tryptophan is high
Induction
araO1
40. Ribosome doesn't stop at trp codons and stem loop forms between 3 and 4. RNAP stops prematurely (attenuated)
Termination:
Housekeeping genes
When tryptophan is high
Inducible expression
41. Gene products increase in concentration under particular molecular circumstances
Inducible expression
TrpR Repression
Ribosomes
Repression
42. Nonsense mutation in gene that results in truncated protein can be lethal. Sometimes a second mutation arises that counteracts the effects of the mutation. Amber stop codon (UAG/TAG/etc) and amber suppressor tRNA (CUA/etc) can restore protein size an
TrpL
Melting temperature (Tm)
Cells
Nonsense suppression
43. 1. mRNA - template for protein synthesis 2. tRNA - carrier of amino acid (the adaptor)3. aminoacyl- tRNA synthetase - pairs tRNA with the cognate amino acid - needs ATP 4. ribosome - site of protein synthesis - read in three frames - start codon is A
Initiation of Translation in Eukaryote
Elongation (Protein)
Components of Translation
Repressible expression
44. Unvarying expression of gene
Degeneracy
When tryptophan is low
Constitutive expression
Diauxie
45. Multiple effects from a single gene
When tryptophan is high
Lac Operon
Pleiotropic
LacI Possibilities
46. Search for site to start transcription - unwind DNA; -35 region and pribnow region (-10 region).
Initiation
Repressible expression
Trp operon
Elongation
47. When arabinose is absent - there is no need to express the structural genes. AraC does this by binding simultaneously to araI and araO2 - making a looped DNA. This blocks access to Pbad promoter. AraC is an autoregulator of its own expression and the
Negative regulation
RNA
Central Dogma
mRNA processing
48. Reverse Transcriptase
Retrovirus
Initiation
Pleiotropic
Amino acyl- tRNA synthase
49. AARS charges the correct amino acid to tRNA in a two- step reaction.
Lac Operon
Eukaryote
araO1
Amino acyl- tRNA synthase
50. Replication > DNA > Transcription > RNA > Translation > Protein
Initiation
Central Dogma
Termination:
Initiation of Translation in Eukaryote