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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the subQ rheumatoid nodules made of...
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Myosin releases bound ADP and is displaced on the actin filament
2. elevated skin lesion <1cm seen in acne vulgaris
ACH esterase inhibitors - edrophonium test - improvement of sx after edro means the patient is underdosed
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Papule
Ulnar nerve
3. what changes are seen in stratum spinosum and granulosum in psoriasis
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
4. warts on genitals
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Plaque
5. mechanical wear and tear of joints leading to destruction of articular cartilage
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Melasma (chloasma)
Osteoarthritis
6. What is the characteristic appearance of bone - the common translocation - area of - and bones affected
Type 2
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
7. Loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the forearm to be pronated
Biceps
Type III - RF
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Interossei and adductor policis
8. What are defining lab findings for polymyalgia rheumatica and What is the TX
Rheumatoid arthritis
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
Elevated ESR and nl CK - prednisone
9. What is the clinically important landmark for pubendal nerve block and When is it used
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
Osteoid osteoma
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
10. What other muscle in the thenar eminence adducts the thumb
Adductor policis brevis
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
Hyperkeratosis
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
11. What causes a lesion in the axillary nerve
Fracture of surgical neck - dislocation of the humerus - intramuscular injections
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
12. What lesion causes wrist drop
Posterior cord
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
MCP - PIP - no DIP
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
13. progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness cause by CD8+ T cell induced injury to myofibers - dz - most common area of involvement and pathgnomonic histological finding
Squamous cell carcinoma
4th and 5th finger
Torn MCL
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
14. large fluid containing blisters seen in bullous pemphigoid
Bulla
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
Pityriasis rosea
15. What form of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia has multiple unilateral bones lesions associated with endocrine abnl and unilateral pigmented skin lesions - caf
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
McCune - Albright syndrome
Thymoma
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
16. What does PED and Tip stand for
17. pruritic - purple - polygonal papules - sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal - epidermal jxn - associated with hep C
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
Lichen planus
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
18. Where do sebhorrheic keratosis lesions occur and in who
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
19. What enzyme defect in responsible for osteopetrosis
Median nerve - lunate bone
Carbonic anhydrase II
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
Squamous cell carcinoma
20. What nerve is injured in a posterior hip dislocation or polio and What are the motor defs
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Biceps
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
21. Which muscle laterally rotates and adducts arm
Teres minor
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
22. hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in stratum corneum seen in psoriasis
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
Parakeratosis
Increase in both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
23. What causes compression of the C7 nerve root
Cervical disk lesion
Long thoracic nerve
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
Dermatomyositis
24. Decrease marrow space in osteopetrosis leads to what?
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
GC and cGMP and inhibition of MLCK
25. Loss of what muslces in Erbs causes the limb to hang by side
Parakeratosis
Paralysis of abductors
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
26. In which joints does pseudogout typically occur
Macule
Large goints (knee)
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
27. Contraction results in shortening of what bands - and what band remains the same length
Sudden appearance of multiple sebhorrheic keratosis lesions indicating underlying lesions - GI or lymphoid
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
Antibodies around cells of the epidermis in a reticular or netlike pattern
HI shrinks - A stays same
28. What is TX for osteoporosis
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
Osteoporosis
Osteoarthritis
Pagets dz - bone infarcts - radiation - familial retinoblastoma - codman's triangle or sunburst pattern from elevation of periosteum - poor prognsosis
29. What is the primary screening test for lupus
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
30. What do xray show in osteopetrosis and What do potential CN abnl result from
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
Psoriasis
31. Where is McBurney's point and What is there
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
Large goints (knee)
32. What syndrome of the NMJ is a paraneoplastic syndrome and What are the antibodies directed against
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Pustule
Psoriasis
33. inflammatory disorder affective synovial joints with pannus formation in joints
Ulnar nerve
Rheumatoid arthritis
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Rigor mortis
34. Where are most osteoid osteoma found and In what population
Urticaria
Nl - thickened dense bones
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
35. What are common features of lupus
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
Plaque
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
36. What is the Auspitz sign
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
Pemphigus vulgaris
Gout
37. heliotrope rash 'shawl and face' rash - Gotton's papules - 'mechanic's hands'
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Over deltoid
Dermatomyositis
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
38. appreas in 30s to 40s - does not regress
Cherry hemangioma
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Iliac crest
39. What is the source of osteoblast cells
Ulnar nerve
Median nerve - lunate bone
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
Interossei and adductor policis
40. IBS - 2 dz's
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
41. What medication is contraindicated in osteoporosis
Acanthosis
Glucocorticoids
Ulnar nerve - intrinsic muscles of hand
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
42. How is diffuse scleroderma characterized
Osteoarthritis
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
Widespread skin involvment - rapid progression - early visceral involvement
43. fever - bulla formation and necrosis - sloughing of skin and high mortality - syndrome and associations
Vesicle
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Osteoid osteoma
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
44. hypothenar eminence - nerve and muscles
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
Anti Smith
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Verrucae
45. yellow when parallel and blue when perpendicular
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Gout
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
46. What are the motor defs of a proximal ulnar nerve injury
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Lung
47. What are the causes of inferior trunk plexus compression and What are the findings
Keloid
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
3rd finger
48. What does ATP do in skeletal muscle contraction
Binds myosin head and releases actin filament allowing cross - bridge cycling and shortening to occur
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Carbonic anhydrase II
49. malignant cartilaginous tumor in men 30 to 60 - Name and common location
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Fracture of surgical neck - dislocation of the humerus - intramuscular injections
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
50. What does acantholysis show in pemphigus vulgaris
Dysplastic nevus
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
Trauma
Osteoarthritis