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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What nerve controls ab and adduction of the interossei muscles and What does it for the thumb and 4th and 5th lumbricals
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
Myosin releases bound ADP and is displaced on the actin filament
2. What happens in the power stroke of skeletal muscle contraction
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
3. In which gender is gout more common and What does the crystals appear like microscopically
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
4. skin cancer associatd associated with excessive exposure to sunlight and arsenic
Squamous cell carcinoma
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
5. What causes osteomalacia/ricketts - why - and What therapy can reverse the symptoms
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
Vit D def - dec Ca - inc PTH - dec serum phos - reversible when vit D is replaced
B27 - no RF - males
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
6. What is the sign of Leser - Trelat
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
Bulla
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
Sudden appearance of multiple sebhorrheic keratosis lesions indicating underlying lesions - GI or lymphoid
7. What are predisposing factors for osteosarcoma - xray finding
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8. What are the characteristic bone findings in paget's disease
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Teres minor
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
9. What nerve and branch are stretche by subluxation of the radius
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Gout
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
Deep branch of radial nerve
10. Contraction results in shortening of what bands - and what band remains the same length
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
HI shrinks - A stays same
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
11. Where is C4 dermatome
Myosin
Over deltoid
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
12. Trauma to lateral aspect of leg or fibula neck fracture - nerve - motor and sens def
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
Cervical disk lesion
13. What lesion causes winged scapula
Long thoracic nerve
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
14. What is a positive Nikolsky's sign
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Median nerve
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
15. What is a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Actinic keratosis
McCune - Albright syndrome
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
16. What are the potential causes of gout
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17. What enzyme is necessary for smooth muscle relaxation after contraction
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
18. warts on genitals
Paralysis of abductors
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
19. hypothenar eminence - nerve and muscles
Large goints (knee)
Sudden appearance of multiple sebhorrheic keratosis lesions indicating underlying lesions - GI or lymphoid
Flex at the MCP
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
20. What causes total claw
Patch
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
Albinism
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
21. What is the test for drug induced lupus
Anti - histone
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
Posterior cord
22. Macule greater than 1cm
Increase in both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
Patch
Verrucae vulgaris
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
23. What injury causes injury to the MC nerve and what motor and sensory defs dose it cause
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
Thymoma
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
24. What is the sensory def of an ulnar nerve injury
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Age - obesity and joint deformity
Lung
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
25. Patients with pagets disease can develop what cancer
Connects cells to underlying extracellular - bullous pemphigoid
Adductor policis brevis
Osteogenic carcinoma
Dermatitis herpetiformis
26. What is the clinically important landmark for pubendal nerve block and When is it used
Bulla
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
27. inc thickness of stratum corneum seen in psoriasis
Cherry hemangioma
Osteoblastoma
Median nerve
Hyperkeratosis
28. What are defining lab findings for polymyalgia rheumatica and What is the TX
Rigor mortis
Elevated ESR and nl CK - prednisone
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
29. Where is McBurney's point and What is there
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
Ulnar nerve
Cherry hemangioma
30. How is chondrosarcoma described
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
Median nerve
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
Macule
31. Other than N. gono - what organisms can cause infectious - septic arthritis
S. aureus - streptococcus
Macule
Acanthosis
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
32. large fluid containing blisters seen in bullous pemphigoid
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Dermatomyositis
Bulla
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
33. Other than characteristic joints and subQ nodules - What are the other findings classicly in RA
Acute back pain - loss of height - and kyphosis
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
The dermis
Actin
34. What deformities of the hand are common in RA
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
35. What muscles of the shoulder form the rotator cuff
Erythema nodosum
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
36. potentially fatal autoimmune disorder with IgG antibody against desmosomes
Pemphigus vulgaris
Carbonic anhydrase II
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
37. yellow when parallel and blue when perpendicular
Gout
Carbonic anhydrase II
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
38. elevated skin lesion <1cm seen in acne vulgaris
McCune - Albright syndrome
Papule
Small cell cancer of the lung - improve with muscle use - no change with ACHE inhibs
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
39. What are the characterstic joints affected in RA
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
MCP - PIP - no DIP
40. excessive fibrosis and collagen deposition throughout the body - common in skin manifesting as puffy taut skin with absence of wrinkles
Scleroderma
Sudden appearance of multiple sebhorrheic keratosis lesions indicating underlying lesions - GI or lymphoid
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
41. pruritic eruption - commonly on skin flexures - of associated with asthma - allergic rhinitis
Papule
Gout
Dermatomyositis
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
42. What is the power stroke of muscle contraction
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
NC migration
Myosin releases bound ADP and is displaced on the actin filament
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
43. Which muscle laterally rotates and adducts arm
Cherry hemangioma
Teres minor
Small cell cancer of the lung - improve with muscle use - no change with ACHE inhibs
Median nerve - lunate bone
44. What are the lab findings in osteopetrosis
Radial nerve
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
Nl - thickened dense bones
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
45. What are the possible origins of the paget's disease
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
Fracture of surgical neck - dislocation of the humerus - intramuscular injections
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
46. bening cartilaginous neoplasm found in intramedullary bone - usually distal extremities
Axilla
HI shrinks - A stays same
Endochondroma
Glucocorticoids
47. What are the classic fractures in pts with osteoporosis
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48. Thenar eminence - nerve and muscles
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
49. What signal initiates a muscle contraction
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
50. What causes a lesion in the axillary nerve
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
Fracture of surgical neck - dislocation of the humerus - intramuscular injections
Ulnar nerve - intrinsic muscles of hand
Phosphorylated
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