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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pain and stiffness in shoulders and hips - fever malaise and weight loss - no weakness - pts over 50 - associated with HA and jaw pain
Age - obesity and joint deformity
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
2. What receptor is constitutively activated in achondroplasia and What does it do
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
Albinism
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
3. flat - greasy - pigmented - squamous epithelial proliferation with keratin - filled cyts (horn cysts) - looks pasted on...
Seborrheic keratosis
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Pseudogout
Ephelis
4. In which joints does pseudogout typically occur
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Large goints (knee)
Ulnar nerve
Palisading
5. Who does osteoporosis type 2 effect
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Median - lateral finger and wrist flexion - dorsal palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers/thenar eminence - ape hand - carpal tunnel syndrome
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
Verrucae
6. normal melanocyte number with dec melanin production due to inactivity of tyrosine
Albinism
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Biceps
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
7. What signal initiates a muscle contraction
Acantholysis
Connects cells to underlying extracellular - bullous pemphigoid
Osteoblastoma
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
8. potentially fatal autoimmune disorder with IgG antibody against desmosomes
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
Pemphigus vulgaris
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
9. papules and plaques with silvery scaling - especially on knees and elbows - acanthosis with parakeratotic scaling (nuclei sill in stratun corneum - nail pitting and arthritis
Vertebral crush fractures - femoral neck fractures - distal radius (Colles') fracture
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
Psoriasis
10. What percent of these mutations occur sporadically and what parental feature are they associated with
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
85% - advanced paternal age - or auto dominant inheritance
Psoriasis
11. Depolarizaition causes what voltage sensitive receptor coupled to what other receptor to induce a conformational change In what structure - releasing what?
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Dermatitis
12. hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in stratum corneum seen in psoriasis
Parakeratosis
Pagets dz - bone infarcts - radiation - familial retinoblastoma - codman's triangle or sunburst pattern from elevation of periosteum - poor prognsosis
Long thoracic nerve
Anterior interosseous nerve
13. inflammation of the skin
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
Dermatitis
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Macule
14. What other lesion can cause the appearnce of the ulnar claw
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
Vesicle
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
15. What does MLCK do in smooth muscle contraction
Lung
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
16. irregular raised lesion resulting from scar tissue hypertrophy - follows trauma to skin - common to african americans see in T. pertenue (yaws)
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Keloid
Pseudogout
17. immune mediated - widespread - non - caseating granulomas - dz - affected population and elevated serum level
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
HI shrinks - A stays same
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
18. Trauma to lateral aspect of leg or fibula neck fracture - nerve - motor and sens def
Adductor policis brevis
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Seborrheic keratosis
Musculocutaneous
19. yellow when parallel and blue when perpendicular
Gout
Crust
Ulnar
HI shrinks - A stays same
20. What is the sensory def of an ulnar nerve injury
Dysplastic nevus
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
Radial - BEST extensors - posterior arm and dorsal hand/thumb - wrist drop
21. What organisms can cause chronic infectious arthritis
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
22. What lesion causes dec in thumb fxn 'ape hand'
Median nerve
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
23. What are the signs of ulnar nerve injury
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24. freckle - normal number of melanocytes - inc melanin pigment
Ephelis
Large goints (knee)
Rheumatoid arthritis
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
25. small fluid containing blister seen in chickenpox
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Radial - BEST extensors - posterior arm and dorsal hand/thumb - wrist drop
Vesicle
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
26. Other than characteristic joints and subQ nodules - What are the other findings classicly in RA
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
Pseudogout
27. What are the lab findings and TX in dermatomyositis
Scleroderma
Vesicle
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
28. What protects the brachial plexus in clavicle fracture
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Subclavius
MCP - PIP - no DIP
29. What is the classic presentation of RA
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
Sites of tibial attachment
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion - ulnar claw hand - pope's blessing
30. What nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome or a disclocation of this bone
Musculocutaneous
Median nerve - lunate bone
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
31. Dermatomyositis places the pt at inc risk For what malignancy in particular
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
Radial - BEST extensors - posterior arm and dorsal hand/thumb - wrist drop
Lung
32. What enzyme is necessary for smooth muscle relaxation after contraction
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
ACH esterase inhibitors - edrophonium test - improvement of sx after edro means the patient is underdosed
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
33. What cancer in particular are associated with LE syndrome - what happens to symptoms with muscle use or ACH esterase inhibs
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
Small cell cancer of the lung - improve with muscle use - no change with ACHE inhibs
Psoriasis
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
34. How is diffuse scleroderma characterized
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Adduct the fingers
Widespread skin involvment - rapid progression - early visceral involvement
35. What are common features of lupus
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
Ulnar nerve
36. pelvic fracture can cause injury to which nerve - and What are the motor and sens def
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
Ephelis
Melasma (chloasma)
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
37. Besides the skin - what other organ systems are commonly affected by scleroderma and who is primarily affected
Renal - pulm - CV - GI - 75% female
Dysplastic nevus
Vesicle
Cervical disk lesion
38. What do lupus pts falsely test positive for syphillis
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Phosphorylated
Subclavius
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
39. bening cartilaginous neoplasm found in intramedullary bone - usually distal extremities
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
Endochondroma
Precocious puberty
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
40. What TX prophylax against osteoporisi
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Fracture of surgical neck - dislocation of the humerus - intramuscular injections
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
Phosphorylated
41. Reduction of primarily trabecular (spongy) bone mass despite nl bone mineralization lab values
Osteoid osteoma
Large goints (knee)
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
Osteoporosis
42. What lesion causes winged scapula
Osteoporosis
Steroids
Long thoracic nerve
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
43. fever - bulla formation and necrosis - sloughing of skin and high mortality - syndrome and associations
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Endochondroma
3rd finger
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
44. 2nd most malignant tumor of bone - men 10-20 - cancer - and primary malignant tumor bone
Pemphigus vulgaris
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Down T tubule
45. What nerve become injured in the incorrect use of a crutch
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Anterior interosseous nerve
46. Deposition of calcium pyrophosphate cyrstals within the joint space
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
Vesicle
Pseudogout
47. What kind of jxn is the zona occludens andw What is is composed of...
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
Teres minor
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Posterior cord
48. What kind of hypersens rxn is RA - and what serum marker is present in 80% of RA pts
Dysplastic nevus
Type III - RF
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
49. Contraction results in shortening of what bands - and what band remains the same length
Gout
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
HI shrinks - A stays same
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
50. What nerve controls ab and adduction of the interossei muscles and What does it for the thumb and 4th and 5th lumbricals
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Plaque
Verrucae vulgaris
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)