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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. pruritic eruption - commonly on skin flexures - of associated with asthma - allergic rhinitis
Anti - histone
Crust
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
Plaque
2. What kind of jxn is the zona occludens andw What is is composed of...
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
3. Decrease marrow space in osteopetrosis leads to what?
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Crust
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
4. Damage to what 3 structures is common for the unhappy triad
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
5. How is diffuse scleroderma characterized
Widespread skin involvment - rapid progression - early visceral involvement
Adduct the fingers
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Cervical disk lesion
6. inflammation of the skin
Dermatitis
Pemphigus vulgaris
Ulnar
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
7. What is contained within epithelial granulomas of pts with sarcoid
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
8. What nerve is injured in a posterior hip dislocation or polio and What are the motor defs
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion - ulnar claw hand - pope's blessing
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
Ulnar nerve
9. hypothenar eminence - nerve and muscles
Nevocellular nevus
Interossei and adductor policis
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Paralysis of lateral rotators
10. Loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the forearm to be pronated
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
Axilla
Biceps
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
11. What does the hemidesmosome do and what disease is caused by autoantibodies to it
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Pityriasis rosea
Connects cells to underlying extracellular - bullous pemphigoid
12. In which gender is gout more common and What does the crystals appear like microscopically
Nevocellular nevus
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Type 2
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
13. What is the classic triad of reactive arthritis
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
Rigor mortis
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
14. malignant cartilaginous tumor in men 30 to 60 - Name and common location
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
Osteoblastoma
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
15. What causes total claw
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
Acute back pain - loss of height - and kyphosis
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Dermatomyositis
16. Depolarizaition causes what voltage sensitive receptor coupled to what other receptor to induce a conformational change In what structure - releasing what?
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
Palisading
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
17. What are characteristic findings of gout
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Gout
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
18. progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness cause by CD8+ T cell induced injury to myofibers - dz - most common area of involvement and pathgnomonic histological finding
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Over deltoid
Outer arm
Vit D def - dec Ca - inc PTH - dec serum phos - reversible when vit D is replaced
19. herald path followed by days later christmas tree distribution - multiple papular eruptions; remits spontaneously
Crust
Pityriasis rosea
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
Dysplastic nevus
20. What happens in the power stroke of skeletal muscle contraction
MCP - PIP - no DIP
Osteoblastoma
ACH esterase inhibitors - edrophonium test - improvement of sx after edro means the patient is underdosed
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
21. What does IM reveal in pemphigus vulgaris
Antibodies around cells of the epidermis in a reticular or netlike pattern
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
22. What do dorsal interosseous muscles do
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Abduct the fingers
Dermatitis
23. excessive fibrosis and collagen deposition throughout the body - common in skin manifesting as puffy taut skin with absence of wrinkles
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Squamous cell carcinoma
Scleroderma
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
24. What disease is caused by autoantibodies to desomosmes - What area of the cell would it occur - and what molecules are connecting
Abduct the fingers
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
25. locally invasive but rarely mets skin cancer - rolled edges - with central ulceration - cancer and gross path
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
B27 - no RF - males
26. What kind of bone tumor is associated with FAP and What is the finding
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
27. acute painful spreading infxn of dermis and subQ tissues - condition and orgs
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
3rd finger
28. What are the lab findings and TX in dermatomyositis
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Ephelis
Vesicle
Osteoblastoma
29. What is the classic presentation of osteoarthritis
Plaque
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
Deep branch of radial nerve
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
30. most common benign tumor - mature bone with cartilaginous cap - men <25 - origintate froms long metaphysis
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
31. What are the signs of ulnar nerve injury
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32. What is the source of osteoblast cells
Acanthosis nigcricans
Keloid
Dermatomyositis
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
33. Which nerve is compressed in deep forearm
Dysplastic nevus
Anterior interosseous nerve
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
34. Which type of muscle fiber is hypertrophied during weight training
Dysplastic nevus
Type 2
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
Over deltoid
35. pruritic papules and vesicles - deposits of IgA a the tips of dermal papillae - associated with celiac
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
Dermatitis herpetiformis
36. What causes ape hand
Proximal median nerve lesion - loss of opponens pollicis muscle fxn leading to unopposoble thumb
Anti Smith
Osteoid osteoma
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
37. What are the classic fractures in pts with osteoporosis
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38. What antibodies is diffuse scleroderma associated with
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
39. What does PED and Tip stand for
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40. What are the characterstic joints affected in RA
Small cell cancer of the lung - improve with muscle use - no change with ACHE inhibs
Median nerve
MCP - PIP - no DIP
Keloid
41. larger osteoid osteoma found in vertebral column
Deep branch of radial nerve
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
Osteoblastoma
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
42. What other lesion can cause the appearnce of the ulnar claw
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Osteoid osteoma
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
43. epi of SLE
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
Anti Smith
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
44. What are the lab findings in osteomalacia/rickets
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Over deltoid
45. What are the bone mineral lab findings in paget's disease
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
46. What nerve controls ab and adduction of the interossei muscles and What does it for the thumb and 4th and 5th lumbricals
Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion - ulnar claw hand - pope's blessing
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Teres minor
Dermatomyositis
47. Which muscle laterally rotates and adducts arm
Median nerve - lunate bone
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
Teres minor
48. What are the systemic symptoms found in RA
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
Musculocutaneous
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
49. What do lupus pts falsely test positive for syphillis
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
Osteoarthritis
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
50. What is the classic presentation of RA
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
Anti Smith