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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 2nd most malignant tumor of bone - men 10-20 - cancer - and primary malignant tumor bone
Albinism
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Crust
2. What injury causes injury to the MC nerve and what motor and sensory defs dose it cause
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
3rd finger
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Keloid
3. Where is C7 dermatome
Radial nerve
Median nerve
Cherry hemangioma
3rd finger
4. dried exudates from a vesicle - bulla or pustule seen impetigo
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Melasma (chloasma)
Crust
Endochondroma
5. Associated with M. pneumonia - HSV - sulfa drugs - B lactams - phenytoin - cancers and autoimmune dz - skin disorder and description
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
Actinic keratosis
6. Which nerve is compressed in deep forearm
Acanthosis nigcricans
Anterior interosseous nerve
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
ANA - sensitive but not specific
7. What autoantibodies are formed in sjogrens syndrome
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
Axilla
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
8. In a fractured surgical neck of humerus or dislocation of humeral head - What is the nerve injury - motor deficit - sensory deficit
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
GC and cGMP and inhibition of MLCK
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
9. premalignant lesions caused by sun exposure - small rough - erythematous or brownish papules - cutaenous horns - Name and risk of carcinoma
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
10. What do xray show in osteopetrosis and What do potential CN abnl result from
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion - ulnar claw hand - pope's blessing
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
11. Thenar eminence - nerve and muscles
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
MCP - PIP - no DIP
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
12. what changes are seen in stratum spinosum and granulosum in psoriasis
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Anterior interosseous nerve
13. What causes osteoporosis type 1 and When does it typically occur
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
14. Contraction results in shortening of what bands - and what band remains the same length
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Dermatitis herpetiformis
HI shrinks - A stays same
15. What is the tumor marker for melanoma - who is at risk - what correlates with risk of metastasis and What is the gross path
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Ulnar nerve
Myosin releases bound ADP and is displaced on the actin filament
16. What kind of jxn is in the zona adherens and Where is it - What is it composed of - and what ion does it does it depend on...
Osteoid osteoma
Lung
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
17. What form of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia has multiple unilateral bones lesions associated with endocrine abnl and unilateral pigmented skin lesions - caf
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
McCune - Albright syndrome
Median nerve - lunate bone
Outer arm
18. What medication is contraindicated in osteoporosis
NC migration
Actinic keratosis
Glucocorticoids
Nl - decreased bone mass
19. What muscles of the shoulder form the rotator cuff
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
HI shrinks - A stays same
Myosin
Increase in both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
20. Tumor occuring mostly at epiphyseal end of long bones - occuring btw 20 and 40 - locally aggressive bening tumor around distal femur and proximal tibia - tumor and characteristic xray findings
Posterior hip dislocation - can't jump - climb stairs or rise from seated positions
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
21. What nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome or a disclocation of this bone
Biceps
Sites of tibial attachment
Median nerve - lunate bone
Verrucae vulgaris
22. What does soft bones result from and What is the dz called in adults and children
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Acanthosis
Medial aspect
23. papule > 1cm seen psoriasis
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
Plaque
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
Phosphorylated
24. pruritic papules and vesicles - deposits of IgA a the tips of dermal papillae - associated with celiac
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
Dermatitis herpetiformis
25. mechanical wear and tear of joints leading to destruction of articular cartilage
NC migration
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
4th and 5th finger
Osteoarthritis
26. How does the radial nerve in the spiral groove become injured
Sudden appearance of multiple sebhorrheic keratosis lesions indicating underlying lesions - GI or lymphoid
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Median nerve - lunate bone
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
27. In longitudinal bone growth - what model is made first (and By what cell) and What is it later replaced by (and By what cells) - process name
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Keloid
S. aureus - streptococcus
28. What do lumbricals do
Papule
Sites of tibial attachment
Melasma (chloasma)
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
29. locally invasive but rarely mets skin cancer - rolled edges - with central ulceration - cancer and gross path
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Over deltoid
Vesicle
30. What is the Sicca syndrome
Scleroderma
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
31. What are the bone mineralization lab findings in osteopetrosis
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Papule
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
32. pruritic - purple - polygonal papules - sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal - epidermal jxn - associated with hep C
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
Musculocutaneous
Lichen planus
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
33. loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the medial rotation
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
Ulnar nerve
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Paralysis of lateral rotators
34. What are predisposing factors for osteosarcoma - xray finding
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35. What nerve is injured in a posterior hip dislocation or polio and What are the motor defs
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Macule
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
36. What does I'M DAMN SHARP stand for
Radial nerve
Pustule
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
37. What cancer in particular are associated with LE syndrome - what happens to symptoms with muscle use or ACH esterase inhibs
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
Axillary nerve
Small cell cancer of the lung - improve with muscle use - no change with ACHE inhibs
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
38. Autoimmune disorder with IgG antibody against hemidesmosomes - dz - IM - other findings
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39. What causes ape hand
Proximal median nerve lesion - loss of opponens pollicis muscle fxn leading to unopposoble thumb
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
ANA - sensitive but not specific
40. appreas in 30s to 40s - does not regress
Erythema nodosum
Pseudogout
Cherry hemangioma
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
41. which muscle type is fast twitch and why are fibers white
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
Deep branch of radial nerve
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
42. On the palmar and dorsal sides of the hand - what dermatome covers the 5th finger and the lateral 1/2 of the 4th finger
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
Ulnar
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
43. What causes hypercalcemia in pts with sarcoid
Steroids
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Large goints (knee)
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
44. What are the lab findings in osteoporosis
Palisading
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Nl - decreased bone mass
Median nerve
45. elevated skin lesion <1cm seen in acne vulgaris
Papule
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Dermatitis herpetiformis
B27 - no RF - males
46. blister containing pus
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Pustule
Acanthosis
47. What is TX for osteoporosis
Teres minor
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
48. What does the positive anterior drawer sign test indicate
Osteoarthritis
Dysplastic nevus
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Tear of the ACL
49. Where are most osteoid osteoma found and In what population
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
Precocious puberty
50. first few weeks of life - grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously at 5 to 8 yrs of age
Strawberry hemangioma
Myosin
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
Teres minor