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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the landmark for an LP
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Pityriasis rosea
Iliac crest
2. bone replaced by fibroblasts and irregular bony trabeculae affecting many bones
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
3. Where does the muscle contraction travel after leaving the motor end plate
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
Down T tubule
4. What causes total claw
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
Pemphigus vulgaris
5. What is the most common NMJ disorder - What causes it and What are common symptoms
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Gout
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
6. What is CREST syndrome and What antibody is it associated with
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
Osteogenic carcinoma
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
7. What is the sign of Leser - Trelat
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
Sudden appearance of multiple sebhorrheic keratosis lesions indicating underlying lesions - GI or lymphoid
HI shrinks - A stays same
8. What other lesion can cause the appearnce of the ulnar claw
Elevated ESR and nl CK - prednisone
Abduct the fingers
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Widespread skin involvment - rapid progression - early visceral involvement
9. Where is McBurney's point and What is there
Endochondroma
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Median nerve - lunate bone
10. What do xray show in osteopetrosis and What do potential CN abnl result from
Ulnar nerve
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
11. What nerve become injured in the incorrect use of a crutch
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Radial nerve
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
12. What are the layers of of the epidermis from surface to base
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Torn MCL
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
13. What lesion causes winged scapula
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
Musculocutaneous
Long thoracic nerve
14. What receptor is constitutively activated in achondroplasia and What does it do
Actinic keratosis
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
Albinism
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
15. What is contained within epithelial granulomas of pts with sarcoid
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Pseudogout
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
16. fracture of a supracondylar humerus - nerve - motor - sensory - sign and more distal lesion causing the same nerve
Median - lateral finger and wrist flexion - dorsal palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers/thenar eminence - ape hand - carpal tunnel syndrome
Dysplastic nevus
Deep branch of radial nerve
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
17. What does injury to the distal median nerve cause
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18. What does PED and Tip stand for
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19. What are common features of lupus
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Plaque
20. small fluid containing blister seen in chickenpox
Vesicle
Deep branch of radial nerve
Adduct the fingers
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
21. What is the classic presentation of osteoarthritis
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
22. epi of SLE
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
Macule
23. herald path followed by days later christmas tree distribution - multiple papular eruptions; remits spontaneously
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Pityriasis rosea
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
24. What are the lab findings in pagets disease
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
MCP - PIP - no DIP
Type III - RF
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
25. freckle - normal number of melanocytes - inc melanin pigment
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Antibodies around cells of the epidermis in a reticular or netlike pattern
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
Ephelis
26. yellow when perpendicular and blue when parallel
Pseudogout
Vesicle
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
27. Where do sebhorrheic keratosis lesions occur and in who
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
28. Where is osteosarcoma found in the bone
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
29. loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the medial rotation
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Crust
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
Myosin light chain phosphotase
30. What does soft bones result from and What is the dz called in adults and children
Pustule
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
31. What other muscle in the thenar eminence adducts the thumb
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Adductor policis brevis
Verrucae
32. papules and plaques with silvery scaling - especially on knees and elbows - acanthosis with parakeratotic scaling (nuclei sill in stratun corneum - nail pitting and arthritis
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
Psoriasis
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Cervical disk lesion
33. What is the sensory def of an ulnar nerve injury
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
Actin
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
34. Achondroplasia is a failure of what process which results in which characteristic findings
Ulnar nerve
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
35. What nerve is injured in a fracture of the medial epicondyle of humerus - and What is a more distal lesion injuring the same nerve
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
Binds myosin head and releases actin filament allowing cross - bridge cycling and shortening to occur
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
36. What antibody is less sensitive than RF but more specific and What is the HLA association
Sudden appearance of multiple sebhorrheic keratosis lesions indicating underlying lesions - GI or lymphoid
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
37. progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness cause by CD8+ T cell induced injury to myofibers - dz - most common area of involvement and pathgnomonic histological finding
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Subclavius
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
Osteoarthritis
38. What nerve controls ab and adduction of the interossei muscles and What does it for the thumb and 4th and 5th lumbricals
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Plaque
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Vertebral crush fractures - femoral neck fractures - distal radius (Colles') fracture
39. Depolarizaition causes what voltage sensitive receptor coupled to what other receptor to induce a conformational change In what structure - releasing what?
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
40. What is the TX for acute gout
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
Trauma
McCune - Albright syndrome
41. irregular raised lesion resulting from scar tissue hypertrophy - follows trauma to skin - common to african americans see in T. pertenue (yaws)
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
Keloid
Adductor policis brevis
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
42. What are the histo findings in an osteoclastoma
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Lichen planus
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
43. Which type of muscle fiber is hypertrophied during weight training
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Cherry hemangioma
Type 2
Down T tubule
44. What happens at the gap jxn and what molecules create them
Actin
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Precocious puberty
45. IBS - 2 dz's
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
Pityriasis rosea
Musculocutaneous
Plaque
46. What are the bone mineralization lab findings in osteopetrosis
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
47. pruritic - purple - polygonal papules - sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal - epidermal jxn - associated with hep C
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Lichen planus
Hyperkeratosis
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
48. acute painful spreading infxn of dermis and subQ tissues - condition and orgs
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
Melasma (chloasma)
49. yellow when parallel and blue when perpendicular
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
Gout
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
50. What do anterior and posterior in ACL and PCL refer to...
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
Sites of tibial attachment