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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Other than N. gono - what organisms can cause infectious - septic arthritis
Keratoacanthoma
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Radial - BEST extensors - posterior arm and dorsal hand/thumb - wrist drop
S. aureus - streptococcus
2. In which form is myosin light chain active
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
Phosphorylated
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
3. Where is C8 dermatome
Squamous cell carcinoma
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
4th and 5th finger
HI shrinks - A stays same
4. What variant of squamous cells carcinoma of the skin grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Thymoma
Keratoacanthoma
5. fever - bulla formation and necrosis - sloughing of skin and high mortality - syndrome and associations
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
6. hyperplasia of stratum spinosum - associated with hyperinsulinemia (cushings - DM) and visceral malignancy
Urticaria
Acanthosis nigcricans
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
Pseudogout
7. What kind of hypersens rxn is RA - and what serum marker is present in 80% of RA pts
Type III - RF
Pityriasis rosea
Increase in both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
8. hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in stratum corneum seen in psoriasis
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Erythema nodosum
Parakeratosis
9. progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness cause by CD8+ T cell induced injury to myofibers - dz - most common area of involvement and pathgnomonic histological finding
Actin
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Musculocutaneous
10. Besides the skin - what other organ systems are commonly affected by scleroderma and who is primarily affected
Renal - pulm - CV - GI - 75% female
Interossei and adductor policis
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
11. hypothenar eminence - nerve and muscles
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
NC migration
Iliac crest
12. Reduction of primarily trabecular (spongy) bone mass despite nl bone mineralization lab values
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
Osteoporosis
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
13. What is the characteristic appearance of bone - the common translocation - area of - and bones affected
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
Papule
Trauma
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
14. What causes heart failure in with Paget's disease
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Dermatomyositis
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
15. What happens at the postsynaptic motor end plate
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
Glucocorticoids
16. Where is osteosarcoma found in the bone
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
17. Why does EtOH consumption precipitate gout
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
Over deltoid
Median nerve
18. MG is associated with what neoplasm
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Thymoma
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
19. What kind of endocrine abnl are associated with McCune Albright
Osteogenic carcinoma
Precocious puberty
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
20. What are the bone mineralization lab findings in osteopetrosis
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Vertebral crush fractures - femoral neck fractures - distal radius (Colles') fracture
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
21. When does membranous ossification occur and What is the difference between membranous and endochondrial
Papule
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
Osteogenic carcinoma
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
22. What nerve and branch are stretche by subluxation of the radius
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
Deep branch of radial nerve
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Seborrheic keratosis
23. Anterior hip dislocation causes injury to what nerve and What are the motor and sensory defs
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
Pseudogout
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
24. What are the characterstic joints affected in RA
MCP - PIP - no DIP
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
25. small fluid containing blister seen in chickenpox
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
Glucocorticoids
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
Vesicle
26. How is chondrosarcoma described
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
Small cell cancer of the lung - improve with muscle use - no change with ACHE inhibs
27. What protects the brachial plexus in clavicle fracture
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Subclavius
Pseudogout
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
28. What is the precursor to melanom
Antibodies around cells of the epidermis in a reticular or netlike pattern
Dysplastic nevus
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Ulnar nerve
29. What is a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Actinic keratosis
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Anti Smith
30. Tumor occuring mostly at epiphyseal end of long bones - occuring btw 20 and 40 - locally aggressive bening tumor around distal femur and proximal tibia - tumor and characteristic xray findings
Dermatitis
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
31. In skeletal and smooth muscle contraction - when Ca2+ enters the cytoplasm - What does it do
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
Adduct the fingers
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
32. What is below the epidermis
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
The dermis
Cervical disk lesion
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
33. What are the histo findings in an osteoclastoma
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
Pityriasis rosea
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
34. bening cartilaginous neoplasm found in intramedullary bone - usually distal extremities
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
Endochondroma
Median nerve - lunate bone
35. What is the TX for chronic gout
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
McCune - Albright syndrome
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
36. knee trauma - nerve - motor and sensory def
Parakeratosis
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Osteoid osteoma
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
37. locally invasive but rarely mets skin cancer - rolled edges - with central ulceration - cancer and gross path
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Median - lateral finger and wrist flexion - dorsal palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers/thenar eminence - ape hand - carpal tunnel syndrome
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
38. What are the lab findings in osteomalacia/rickets
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Strawberry hemangioma
Vesicle
Dermatitis
39. In longitudinal bone growth - what model is made first (and By what cell) and What is it later replaced by (and By what cells) - process name
Binds myosin head and releases actin filament allowing cross - bridge cycling and shortening to occur
Crust
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
40. What is the tumor marker for melanoma - who is at risk - what correlates with risk of metastasis and What is the gross path
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
Tear of the ACL
41. What is the Auspitz sign
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Osteochondroma - exostosis
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
42. What disease is caused by autoantibodies to desomosmes - What area of the cell would it occur - and what molecules are connecting
Iliac crest
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
43. What happens at the gap jxn and what molecules create them
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
44. irregular raised lesion resulting from scar tissue hypertrophy - follows trauma to skin - common to african americans see in T. pertenue (yaws)
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Albinism
Keloid
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
45. What nerve is injured in a posterior hip dislocation or polio and What are the motor defs
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Acantholysis
Posterior cord
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
46. What does ATP do in skeletal muscle contraction
Teres minor
S. aureus - streptococcus
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Binds myosin head and releases actin filament allowing cross - bridge cycling and shortening to occur
47. Other than characteristic joints and subQ nodules - What are the other findings classicly in RA
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
48. flat - greasy - pigmented - squamous epithelial proliferation with keratin - filled cyts (horn cysts) - looks pasted on...
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
Acanthosis nigcricans
Seborrheic keratosis
Parakeratosis
49. What does subscapularis do
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
Medially rotates and adducts arm
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
50. What do the branches of the deep ulnar nerve innervate
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
Interossei and adductor policis