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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. separation of epidermal cells
HI shrinks - A stays same
Macule
Acantholysis
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
2. What nerve is injured in a fracutre of the hook of hamate
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
Pseudogout
Ulnar nerve
Dermatitis
3. In longitudinal bone growth - what model is made first (and By what cell) and What is it later replaced by (and By what cells) - process name
4th and 5th finger
Seborrheic keratosis
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
4. What do lumbricals do
Erythema nodosum
MCP - PIP - no DIP
Macule
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
5. What is the sign of Leser - Trelat
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
Actinic keratosis
Sudden appearance of multiple sebhorrheic keratosis lesions indicating underlying lesions - GI or lymphoid
Nl - thickened dense bones
6. What are the signs of ulnar nerve injury
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7. hyperpigmentation associated with pregnancy or OCP
Pseudogout
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
Melasma (chloasma)
8. hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in stratum corneum seen in psoriasis
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Parakeratosis
Type III - RF
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
9. What kind of hypersens rxn is RA - and what serum marker is present in 80% of RA pts
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Type III - RF
Radial - BEST extensors - posterior arm and dorsal hand/thumb - wrist drop
Median nerve - lunate bone
10. What causes golf or tennis elbow
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Renal - pulm - CV - GI - 75% female
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
11. What is the Sicca syndrome
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
Precocious puberty
12. appreas in 30s to 40s - does not regress
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
Strawberry hemangioma
Tear of the ACL
Cherry hemangioma
13. What does the positive anterior drawer sign test indicate
Radial nerve
Tear of the ACL
Median nerve
Interossei and adductor policis
14. pruritic eruption - commonly on skin flexures - of associated with asthma - allergic rhinitis
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Over deltoid
Steroids
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
15. What nerve is injured in a posterior hip dislocation or polio and What are the motor defs
Down T tubule
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
16. What is the primary screening test for lupus
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
Interossei and adductor policis
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
17. Where are most osteoid osteoma found and In what population
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Gout
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
Endochondroma
18. Very superfiicial skin infection - honey colored crusting - very contagious - condition and organisms
Nl - thickened dense bones
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
19. What are the layers of of the epidermis from surface to base
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Patch
Lung
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
20. What is the classic presentation of osteoarthritis
Subclavius
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
Precocious puberty
21. irregular raised lesion resulting from scar tissue hypertrophy - follows trauma to skin - common to african americans see in T. pertenue (yaws)
Keloid
Posterior hip dislocation - can't jump - climb stairs or rise from seated positions
Pityriasis rosea
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
22. Where does squamous cell carcinoma of the skin typically appear - What is the histo - prognosis - and associations
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
3rd finger
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
23. which muscle type is fast twitch and why are fibers white
Medially rotates and adducts arm
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
Torn MCL
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
24. What kind of injury can cause damage to the inferior gluteal nerve and What can it cause
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25. Which nerve is compressed in deep forearm
Vesicle
Verrucae
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
Anterior interosseous nerve
26. anaplastic small blue cell malignant tumor - most common in boys < 15 - dz and prognosis
Hyperkeratosis
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
Proximal median nerve lesion - loss of opponens pollicis muscle fxn leading to unopposoble thumb
27. What is the source of osteoblast cells
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
28. What kind of nuclei do basal cell tumors have
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Palisading
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
Steroids
29. On the palmar and dorsal sides of the hand - what dermatome covers the 5th finger and the lateral 1/2 of the 4th finger
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Sites of tibial attachment
Ulnar
Myosin light chain phosphotase
30. What is CREST syndrome and What antibody is it associated with
Pseudogout
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
Macule
31. What is a positive Nikolsky's sign
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
32. skin cancer associatd associated with excessive exposure to sunlight and arsenic
Strawberry hemangioma
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
Squamous cell carcinoma
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
33. What antibodies is diffuse scleroderma associated with
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
Ulnar nerve
34. What does injury to the distal ulnar nerve cause
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Pityriasis rosea
35. What do palmar interosseous muscles do
Adduct the fingers
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Medially rotates and adducts arm
36. What signal initiates a muscle contraction
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
37. In a fractured surgical neck of humerus or dislocation of humeral head - What is the nerve injury - motor deficit - sensory deficit
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
38. Where is C7 dermatome
3rd finger
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
39. hives - intensely pruritic wheals that form after mast cell degranulation
Steroids
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Urticaria
40. Where is C6 dermatome
Lichen planus
Large goints (knee)
Adduct the fingers
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
41. What are the potential causes of gout
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42. What lesion causes total claw (klumpke's hand)
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Dermatomyositis
43. loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the medial rotation
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Staph scalded skin syndrome
44. thickened - dense bones that are prone to fracture - dz and primary defect
Radial - BEST extensors - posterior arm and dorsal hand/thumb - wrist drop
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
45. What does I'M DAMN SHARP stand for
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Keratoacanthoma
Median nerve
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
46. Pain and stiffness in shoulders and hips - fever malaise and weight loss - no weakness - pts over 50 - associated with HA and jaw pain
Cervical disk lesion
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
47. In which gender is gout more common and What does the crystals appear like microscopically
Osteoid osteoma
3rd finger
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
Urticaria
48. yellow when perpendicular and blue when parallel
Pseudogout
Pityriasis rosea
Erythema nodosum
Acanthosis nigcricans
49. Damage to what 3 structures is common for the unhappy triad
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
50. What is contained within epithelial granulomas of pts with sarcoid
Nl - thickened dense bones
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -