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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. MG is associated with what neoplasm
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Hyperkeratosis
Thymoma
Osteoarthritis
2. pelvic fracture can cause injury to which nerve - and What are the motor and sens def
Nl - thickened dense bones
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Proximal median nerve lesion - loss of opponens pollicis muscle fxn leading to unopposoble thumb
3. What form of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia has multiple unilateral bones lesions associated with endocrine abnl and unilateral pigmented skin lesions - caf
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
McCune - Albright syndrome
Pseudogout
Wheal
4. What do palmar interosseous muscles do
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
Adduct the fingers
5. Patients with pagets disease can develop what cancer
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Interossei and adductor policis
Osteoarthritis
Osteogenic carcinoma
6. What muscle the long thoracic nerve innervate - What does it do - and when can it be injured
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Ulnar nerve
7. Which muscle fiber type is slow twitch and why are fibers red
Papule
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Parakeratosis
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
8. Where does the muscle contraction travel after leaving the motor end plate
Down T tubule
4th and 5th finger
Gout
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
9. fever - bulla formation and necrosis - sloughing of skin and high mortality - syndrome and associations
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Melasma (chloasma)
10. What does subscapularis do
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
Medially rotates and adducts arm
Dermatitis
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
11. What is the Auspitz sign
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
12. What TX prophylax against osteoporisi
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
Down T tubule
13. bening cartilaginous neoplasm found in intramedullary bone - usually distal extremities
Connects cells to underlying extracellular - bullous pemphigoid
GC and cGMP and inhibition of MLCK
Chondrosarcoma
Endochondroma
14. Depolarizaition causes what voltage sensitive receptor coupled to what other receptor to induce a conformational change In what structure - releasing what?
Psoriasis
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
15. loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the medial rotation
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
Paralysis of lateral rotators
16. What lesion causes Saturday night wrist drop
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
Radial nerve
Sudden appearance of multiple sebhorrheic keratosis lesions indicating underlying lesions - GI or lymphoid
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
17. How is chondrosarcoma described
Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion - ulnar claw hand - pope's blessing
Pityriasis rosea
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
18. Anterior hip dislocation causes injury to what nerve and What are the motor and sensory defs
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
19. What are the predisposing factors for osteoarthritis
Age - obesity and joint deformity
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
Interossei and adductor policis
Antibodies around cells of the epidermis in a reticular or netlike pattern
20. inflammatory disorder affective synovial joints with pannus formation in joints
Nl - thickened dense bones
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
Rheumatoid arthritis
Pseudogout
21. What protects the brachial plexus in clavicle fracture
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Wheal
Subclavius
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
22. How is the lower trunk of the brachia plexus injured and what results from it
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23. warts on genitals
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
24. What are the lab findings in osteitis fibrosa cystica
Osteoarthritis
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
25. What antibodies is diffuse scleroderma associated with
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
26. What nerve is injured in a fracutre of the hook of hamate
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
Ulnar nerve
Acanthosis nigcricans
27. What do xray show in osteopetrosis and What do potential CN abnl result from
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
28. Loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the forearm to be pronated
Anterior interosseous nerve
Urticaria
Dermatomyositis
Biceps
29. freckle - normal number of melanocytes - inc melanin pigment
Ephelis
Adduct the fingers
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
Hyperkeratosis
30. interlacing trabeculae of woven bone surrounded by osteoblasts
Osteoid osteoma
Nl - thickened dense bones
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
31. Very superfiicial skin infection - honey colored crusting - very contagious - condition and organisms
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
Pemphigus vulgaris
Squamous cell carcinoma
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
32. What is below the epidermis
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
Palisading
The dermis
33. epidermal hyperplasia (inc spinosum)
Acanthosis
Lichen planus
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Outer arm
34. Where is McBurney's point and What is there
Plaque
Widespread skin involvment - rapid progression - early visceral involvement
Torn MCL
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
35. elevated skin lesion <1cm seen in acne vulgaris
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Hyperkeratosis
Papule
Nl - thickened dense bones
36. Ca2+ released from the SR binds what structure and What does it cause
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Ulnar nerve - intrinsic muscles of hand
Thymoma
Outer arm
37. What are characteristic findings of gout
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Posterior cord
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
38. appreas in 30s to 40s - does not regress
B27 - no RF - males
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Cherry hemangioma
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
39. On the palmar side of the hand - what dermatone covers the most of the thumb - 2nd - 3rd - and medial half of the 4th digits and What does it cover on the dorsal side
Age - obesity and joint deformity
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
40. Where does squamous cell carcinoma of the skin typically appear - What is the histo - prognosis - and associations
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Pemphigus vulgaris
41. In a fractured surgical neck of humerus or dislocation of humeral head - What is the nerve injury - motor deficit - sensory deficit
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
Keloid
42. Where are most osteoid osteoma found and In what population
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Flex at the MCP
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
43. What development failure can results in albinism
Thymoma
NC migration
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
44. What lesion causes total claw (klumpke's hand)
Myosin releases bound ADP and is displaced on the actin filament
Osteoblastoma
Palisading
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
45. Contraction results in shortening of what bands - and what band remains the same length
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
HI shrinks - A stays same
Nl - thickened dense bones
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
46. What causes a lesion in the upper trunk of the brachial plexus
Trauma
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Rheumatoid arthritis
Pityriasis rosea
47. Deposition of calcium pyrophosphate cyrstals within the joint space
Acute back pain - loss of height - and kyphosis
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
Pseudogout
48. warts on hands
Posterior cord
Verrucae vulgaris
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Osteoarthritis
49. which muscle type is fast twitch and why are fibers white
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
50. fracture of a supracondylar humerus - nerve - motor - sensory - sign and more distal lesion causing the same nerve
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
Median - lateral finger and wrist flexion - dorsal palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers/thenar eminence - ape hand - carpal tunnel syndrome
Medially rotates and adducts arm