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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 2nd most malignant tumor of bone - men 10-20 - cancer - and primary malignant tumor bone
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
2. What development failure can results in albinism
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
NC migration
3. Reduction of primarily trabecular (spongy) bone mass despite nl bone mineralization lab values
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Osteoporosis
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Posterior cord
4. warts on genitals
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Acanthosis nigcricans
85% - advanced paternal age - or auto dominant inheritance
Precocious puberty
5. What are the lab findings in osteopetrosis
Musculocutaneous
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
Nl - thickened dense bones
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
6. In a fractured surgical neck of humerus or dislocation of humeral head - What is the nerve injury - motor deficit - sensory deficit
Osteoid osteoma
Myosin
Nevocellular nevus
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
7. What does soft bones result from and What is the dz called in adults and children
Adduct the fingers
Acanthosis
Squamous cell carcinoma
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
8. In skeletal and smooth muscle contraction - when Ca2+ enters the cytoplasm - What does it do
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
9. What does abnl passive abduction of the knee indicate
Torn MCL
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
10. What is below the epidermis
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
The dermis
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
11. What does MLCK do in smooth muscle contraction
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
Squamous cell carcinoma
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
12. Loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the forearm to be pronated
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Biceps
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Teres minor
13. Where are most osteoid osteoma found and In what population
Interossei and adductor policis
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
14. What causes hypercalcemia in pts with sarcoid
Type 2
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
15. What receptor is constitutively activated in achondroplasia and What does it do
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Gout
Paralysis of abductors
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
16. Very superfiicial skin infection - honey colored crusting - very contagious - condition and organisms
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
Keloid
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
17. Macule greater than 1cm
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Patch
18. What is the sensory def of an ulnar nerve injury
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Palisading
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
19. What organisms can cause chronic infectious arthritis
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Wheal
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
20. Deposition of calcium pyrophosphate cyrstals within the joint space
Pseudogout
Antibodies around cells of the epidermis in a reticular or netlike pattern
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
21. yellow when perpendicular and blue when parallel
Pseudogout
HI shrinks - A stays same
Median nerve
Dermatitis
22. excessive fibrosis and collagen deposition throughout the body - common in skin manifesting as puffy taut skin with absence of wrinkles
Scleroderma
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
Large goints (knee)
Bulla
23. Loss of what muslces in Erbs causes the limb to hang by side
Paralysis of abductors
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
Thymoma
24. dried exudates from a vesicle - bulla or pustule seen impetigo
Crust
Macule
Vesicle
Anterior interosseous nerve
25. malignant cartilaginous tumor in men 30 to 60 - Name and common location
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
Dysplastic nevus
26. What are the layers of of the epidermis from surface to base
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
27. Trauma to lateral aspect of leg or fibula neck fracture - nerve - motor and sens def
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
28. What muscles of the shoulder form the rotator cuff
Subclavius
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
Gout
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
29. Other than characteristic joints and subQ nodules - What are the other findings classicly in RA
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
Keloid
Vertebral crush fractures - femoral neck fractures - distal radius (Colles') fracture
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
30. What does subscapularis do
Pemphigus vulgaris
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Medially rotates and adducts arm
31. immune mediated - widespread - non - caseating granulomas - dz - affected population and elevated serum level
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
Ulnar
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
32. hives - intensely pruritic wheals that form after mast cell degranulation
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
Urticaria
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
33. bening cartilaginous neoplasm found in intramedullary bone - usually distal extremities
Endochondroma
Pustule
Actin
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
34. What are the lab findings in osteoporosis
Nl - decreased bone mass
Hyperkeratosis
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
35. Where do sebhorrheic keratosis lesions occur and in who
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Erythema nodosum
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
36. What causes total claw
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
Psoriasis
Patch
37. What do lumbricals do
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Connects cells to underlying extracellular - bullous pemphigoid
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
38. skin cancer associatd associated with excessive exposure to sunlight and arsenic
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Median nerve - lunate bone
Squamous cell carcinoma
39. What syndrome of the NMJ is a paraneoplastic syndrome and What are the antibodies directed against
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Abduct the fingers
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
40. Dermatomyositis places the pt at inc risk For what malignancy in particular
McCune - Albright syndrome
Lung
Actin
Deep branch of radial nerve
41. What are the lab findings and TX in dermatomyositis
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
42. pruritic papules and vesicles - deposits of IgA a the tips of dermal papillae - associated with celiac
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Iliac crest
Bulla
43. In which joints does pseudogout typically occur
Large goints (knee)
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
44. thickened - dense bones that are prone to fracture - dz and primary defect
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Osteoporosis
45. What lesions causes Erb's palsy
S. aureus - streptococcus
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
46. In smooth muscle contraction - What does Ca bind and What is the purpose
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
Medially rotates and adducts arm
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
47. What kind of hypersens rxn is RA - and what serum marker is present in 80% of RA pts
Pityriasis rosea
Type III - RF
Down T tubule
Elevated ESR and nl CK - prednisone
48. Where is C4 dermatome
Ulnar
Over deltoid
Pityriasis rosea
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
49. What causes a lesion in the axillary nerve
Fracture of surgical neck - dislocation of the humerus - intramuscular injections
Chondrosarcoma
Paralysis of abductors
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
50. What do the branches of the deep ulnar nerve innervate
Macule
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
Interossei and adductor policis
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off