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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where is T2 dermatome
Pemphigus vulgaris
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
Axilla
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
2. What happens at the gap jxn and what molecules create them
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Lung
Musculocutaneous
3. In which joints does pseudogout typically occur
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Large goints (knee)
4. What causes the symptoms of MG to worsen - and What is used to diagnose
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
Median nerve
5. What are the motor defs of a proximal ulnar nerve injury
Pagets dz - bone infarcts - radiation - familial retinoblastoma - codman's triangle or sunburst pattern from elevation of periosteum - poor prognsosis
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
6. What lesion causes deltoid paralysis
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
Ephelis
Axillary nerve
Steroids
7. What lesion causes Saturday night wrist drop
Squamous cell carcinoma
Myosin releases bound ADP and is displaced on the actin filament
Radial nerve
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
8. What lesion causes winged scapula
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Long thoracic nerve
Dysplastic nevus
ANA - sensitive but not specific
9. What kind of jxn is in the zona adherens and Where is it - What is it composed of - and what ion does it does it depend on...
Nevocellular nevus
Macule
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Pustule
10. bening cartilaginous neoplasm found in intramedullary bone - usually distal extremities
Paralysis of lateral rotators
NC migration
Endochondroma
Posterior cord
11. What lesion causes difficulty flexing elbow with variable sensory loss
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
The dermis
Musculocutaneous
12. Deposition of calcium pyrophosphate cyrstals within the joint space
Flex at the MCP
MCP - PIP - no DIP
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
Pseudogout
13. What are the causes of inferior trunk plexus compression and What are the findings
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion - ulnar claw hand - pope's blessing
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
14. What other muscle in the thenar eminence adducts the thumb
Rigor mortis
Papule
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Adductor policis brevis
15. What causes golf or tennis elbow
Actin
Ulnar nerve
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Anti - histone
16. What is below the epidermis
Pityriasis rosea
Anterior interosseous nerve
The dermis
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
17. What are the motor - sensory deficits and sign of carpal tunnel syndrome
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
Radial nerve
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
18. What does subscapularis do
Medially rotates and adducts arm
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
19. potentially fatal autoimmune disorder with IgG antibody against desmosomes
Pemphigus vulgaris
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
Tear of the ACL
20. What signal initiates a muscle contraction
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
Lung
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
21. In smooth muscle contraction - What does Ca bind and What is the purpose
Paralysis of abductors
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
22. What is CREST syndrome and What antibody is it associated with
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
GC and cGMP and inhibition of MLCK
23. Who does osteoporosis type 2 effect
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
4th and 5th finger
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
24. What is contained within epithelial granulomas of pts with sarcoid
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
Dermatitis herpetiformis
25. What nerve become injured in the incorrect use of a crutch
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
3rd finger
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
26. What causes osteoporosis type 1 and When does it typically occur
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Ulnar nerve
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
27. What are the most common symtpoms of SLE
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
Bulla
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
Adduct the fingers
28. inc thickness of stratum corneum seen in psoriasis
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Papule
Hyperkeratosis
29. Where is C7 dermatome
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
3rd finger
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
30. Reduction of primarily trabecular (spongy) bone mass despite nl bone mineralization lab values
Long thoracic nerve
Osteoporosis
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
Wheal
31. fever - bulla formation and necrosis - sloughing of skin and high mortality - syndrome and associations
Myosin
Type 2
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
32. papules and plaques with silvery scaling - especially on knees and elbows - acanthosis with parakeratotic scaling (nuclei sill in stratun corneum - nail pitting and arthritis
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
Psoriasis
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Wheal
33. What are the classic fractures in pts with osteoporosis
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34. What lesion causes dec in thumb fxn 'ape hand'
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
Median nerve
35. What do anterior and posterior in ACL and PCL refer to...
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
Sites of tibial attachment
36. hyperplasia of stratum spinosum - associated with hyperinsulinemia (cushings - DM) and visceral malignancy
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Deep branch of radial nerve
Pseudogout
Acanthosis nigcricans
37. What causes a lesion in the upper trunk of the brachial plexus
Trauma
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Palisading
Strawberry hemangioma
38. Where is C8 dermatome
4th and 5th finger
Endochondroma
Adduct the fingers
Palisading
39. locally invasive but rarely mets skin cancer - rolled edges - with central ulceration - cancer and gross path
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Posterior hip dislocation - can't jump - climb stairs or rise from seated positions
Acanthosis nigcricans
Pseudogout
40. What are the borders of the superficial branch of the radial nerve dermatone
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
41. most common benign tumor - mature bone with cartilaginous cap - men <25 - origintate froms long metaphysis
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Palisading
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
42. deep tissue injury - crepitus from methane and CO2 production 'flesh eating bacteria' - condition and orgs
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
43. What TX prophylax against osteoporisi
Osteogenic carcinoma
Rigor mortis
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
44. thickened - dense bones that are prone to fracture - dz and primary defect
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
45. What is the classic traid of sjogrens syndrome
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
Anterior interosseous nerve
46. What nerve is injured in a posterior hip dislocation or polio and What are the motor defs
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
HI shrinks - A stays same
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
47. What muscle the long thoracic nerve innervate - What does it do - and when can it be injured
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
3rd finger
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
48. inflammatory lesions of subQ fat - usually on anterior shins - associated with coccidioidomycosis - histoplasmosis - TB - leprosy - streptoccocal infxn - sarcoid
Erythema nodosum
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
MCP - PIP - no DIP
Median - lateral finger and wrist flexion - dorsal palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers/thenar eminence - ape hand - carpal tunnel syndrome
49. What kind of injury can cause damage to the inferior gluteal nerve and What can it cause
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50. What is the Sicca syndrome
Cervical disk lesion
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Deep branch of radial nerve
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30