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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What lesion causes total claw (klumpke's hand)
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
Deep branch of radial nerve
2. What muscle the long thoracic nerve innervate - What does it do - and when can it be injured
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
3. What are the lab findings in pagets disease
Ulnar nerve
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
4. Through what pathway does NO work and What is the downstream effect
Scleroderma
GC and cGMP and inhibition of MLCK
85% - advanced paternal age - or auto dominant inheritance
Pagets dz - bone infarcts - radiation - familial retinoblastoma - codman's triangle or sunburst pattern from elevation of periosteum - poor prognsosis
5. In which form is myosin light chain active
Hyperkeratosis
Over deltoid
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Phosphorylated
6. exotoxin destroys keratinocyte attachments in the stratum granulosum - fever - generalized erythematous rash with sloughing of the upper layers of the dermis - newborns and children
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
Verrucae vulgaris
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Staph scalded skin syndrome
7. In longitudinal bone growth - what model is made first (and By what cell) and What is it later replaced by (and By what cells) - process name
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Ulnar nerve
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
8. What enzyme is necessary for smooth muscle relaxation after contraction
Nevocellular nevus
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
Outer arm
Myosin light chain phosphotase
9. What is the Sicca syndrome
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
Biceps
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
10. inflammatory disorder affective synovial joints with pannus formation in joints
Rheumatoid arthritis
S. aureus - streptococcus
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
11. transiet vesicle seen in hives
Wheal
Nevocellular nevus
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Actinic keratosis
12. What is the classic presentation of RA
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Median - lateral finger and wrist flexion - dorsal palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers/thenar eminence - ape hand - carpal tunnel syndrome
13. What are the layers of of the epidermis from surface to base
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Verrucae
S. aureus - streptococcus
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
14. Depolarizaition causes what voltage sensitive receptor coupled to what other receptor to induce a conformational change In what structure - releasing what?
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
Actinic keratosis
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
15. What are the the common causes of Erb palsy - and What are the associated findings
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
Scleroderma
Axillary nerve
16. white painless plaques on the tongue that cannot be scraped off - dz - population - implicated virus
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
17. What lesions causes Erb's palsy
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
Paralysis of lateral rotators
18. What is a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
Actinic keratosis
Proximal median nerve lesion - loss of opponens pollicis muscle fxn leading to unopposoble thumb
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
19. Ca2+ released from the SR binds what structure and What does it cause
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
Posterior cord
Rigor mortis
20. epidermal hyperplasia (inc spinosum)
Ulnar nerve - intrinsic muscles of hand
Acanthosis
Over deltoid
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
21. What other lesion can cause the appearnce of the ulnar claw
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
22. What kind of nuclei do basal cell tumors have
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
Palisading
Posterior hip dislocation - can't jump - climb stairs or rise from seated positions
23. What is the sign of Leser - Trelat
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
Sudden appearance of multiple sebhorrheic keratosis lesions indicating underlying lesions - GI or lymphoid
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
24. When does membranous ossification occur and What is the difference between membranous and endochondrial
MCP - PIP - no DIP
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
25. What associations go along with sarcoidosis
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26. When do acute attacks of gout typically occur
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
27. What other muscle in the thenar eminence adducts the thumb
Tear of the ACL
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
Adductor policis brevis
Axillary nerve
28. What are the borders of the superficial branch of the radial nerve dermatone
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
29. Administration of what kind of compound causes reversal of symptoms and What is used to distringuish under from over dosing
Pemphigus vulgaris
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
ACH esterase inhibitors - edrophonium test - improvement of sx after edro means the patient is underdosed
30. What causes osteoporosis type 1 and When does it typically occur
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
31. What are the signs of ulnar nerve injury
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32. Flat discloration <1cm seen in tinea versicolor
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Nevocellular nevus
Squamous cell carcinoma
Macule
33. What antibody is less sensitive than RF but more specific and What is the HLA association
Scleroderma
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
34. What are the most common symtpoms of SLE
Papule
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Dysplastic nevus
35. chronic inflammatory disease of sacroiliac joints and spine - dz - associations
Dermatitis
Paralysis of abductors
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
36. small fluid containing blister seen in chickenpox
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
Vesicle
Patch
37. What is the power stroke of muscle contraction
Elevated ESR and nl CK - prednisone
Myosin releases bound ADP and is displaced on the actin filament
Anti Smith
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
38. What are the subQ rheumatoid nodules made of...
Median nerve
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
39. How does the radial nerve in the spiral groove become injured
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Increase in both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
40. Where is T2 dermatome
Outer arm
Axilla
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
41. What causes compression of the C7 nerve root
Radial - BEST extensors - posterior arm and dorsal hand/thumb - wrist drop
Torn MCL
Cervical disk lesion
Keloid
42. hypothenar eminence - nerve and muscles
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
Flex at the MCP
Palisading
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
43. What is contained within epithelial granulomas of pts with sarcoid
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
Teres minor
44. Loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the forearm to be pronated
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Type 2
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Biceps
45. What happens at the gap jxn and what molecules create them
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
46. Why does EtOH consumption precipitate gout
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
NC migration
47. thickened - dense bones that are prone to fracture - dz and primary defect
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Cherry hemangioma
Biceps
48. subchondreal cysts - sclerosis - osteophytes - joint space narrowing - eburnation - hebereden's nodes (DIP) bouchard nodes (PIP) - characteristic findings of this dz
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Osteoarthritis
Dermatitis
Pseudogout
49. irregular raised lesion resulting from scar tissue hypertrophy - follows trauma to skin - common to african americans see in T. pertenue (yaws)
Patch
Median nerve - lunate bone
Keloid
Torn MCL
50. yellow when parallel and blue when perpendicular
Gout
Pustule
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup