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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. which muscle type is fast twitch and why are fibers white
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
ANA - sensitive but not specific
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
2. Where are most osteoid osteoma found and In what population
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
Acanthosis nigcricans
3. What kind of endocrine abnl are associated with McCune Albright
Precocious puberty
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Carbonic anhydrase II
4. What is the classic traid of sjogrens syndrome
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
Albinism
5. What are the motor - sensory deficits and sign of carpal tunnel syndrome
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
6. What causes golf or tennis elbow
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
Nl - decreased bone mass
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
7. What is a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Actinic keratosis
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Cherry hemangioma
8. What is a positive Nikolsky's sign
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Acantholysis
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
9. Which muscle fiber type is slow twitch and why are fibers red
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
10. Loss of what muslces in Erbs causes the limb to hang by side
Glucocorticoids
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Paralysis of abductors
11. chronic inflammatory disease of sacroiliac joints and spine - dz - associations
Biceps
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
12. What are the layers of of the epidermis from surface to base
Dysplastic nevus
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
13. What is the precursor to melanom
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
Melasma (chloasma)
Dysplastic nevus
14. most common benign tumor - mature bone with cartilaginous cap - men <25 - origintate froms long metaphysis
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
Vertebral crush fractures - femoral neck fractures - distal radius (Colles') fracture
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Dermatitis herpetiformis
15. What runs the distance of the A band
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Myosin
Pseudogout
Adductor policis brevis
16. What are the most common symtpoms of SLE
Medially rotates and adducts arm
Interossei and adductor policis
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
Actin
17. What other muscle in the thenar eminence adducts the thumb
Strawberry hemangioma
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Adductor policis brevis
18. What medication is contraindicated in osteoporosis
Osteoid osteoma
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Glucocorticoids
Sites of tibial attachment
19. Why does EtOH consumption precipitate gout
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
20. Who does osteoporosis type 2 effect
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
Macule
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
21. What are the thin lines along the Z line
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Actin
22. Which muscle is the most common rotator cuff injury and What does it do
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
23. Autoimmune disorder with IgG antibody against hemidesmosomes - dz - IM - other findings
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24. loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the medial rotation
Actinic keratosis
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Dermatomyositis
25. What lesions causes Erb's palsy
Osteoarthritis
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
Ulnar nerve
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
26. What causes compression of the C7 nerve root
Torn MCL
Thymoma
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
Cervical disk lesion
27. What happens at the gap jxn and what molecules create them
Rigor mortis
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Increase in both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
28. 2nd most malignant tumor of bone - men 10-20 - cancer - and primary malignant tumor bone
Palisading
Median nerve
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
29. What is the test for drug induced lupus
Flex at the MCP
Anti - histone
Patch
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
30. Administration of what kind of compound causes reversal of symptoms and What is used to distringuish under from over dosing
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
Ephelis
ACH esterase inhibitors - edrophonium test - improvement of sx after edro means the patient is underdosed
31. warts on genitals
Over deltoid
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Pemphigus vulgaris
32. What kind of bone tumor is associated with FAP and What is the finding
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
Anti - histone
Erythema nodosum
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
33. What are characteristic findings of gout
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
34. What lesion causes Saturday night wrist drop
Anti Smith
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
Radial nerve
ANA - sensitive but not specific
35. What is the sensory def of an ulnar nerve injury
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
36. What does soft bones result from and What is the dz called in adults and children
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Type 2
37. What muscles of the shoulder form the rotator cuff
Anti - histone
Vit D def - dec Ca - inc PTH - dec serum phos - reversible when vit D is replaced
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
38. On the palmar side of the hand - what dermatone covers the most of the thumb - 2nd - 3rd - and medial half of the 4th digits and What does it cover on the dorsal side
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Interossei and adductor policis
Cherry hemangioma
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
39. What is the characteristic appearance of bone - the common translocation - area of - and bones affected
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
Pityriasis rosea
Medially rotates and adducts arm
Squamous cell carcinoma
40. What is the Sicca syndrome
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
Elevated ESR and nl CK - prednisone
Medial aspect
41. What development failure can results in albinism
Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion - ulnar claw hand - pope's blessing
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
NC migration
Osteoid osteoma
42. What are the histo findings in an osteoclastoma
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Anterior interosseous nerve
43. Deposition of calcium pyrophosphate cyrstals within the joint space
Ulnar nerve
Chondrosarcoma
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
Pseudogout
44. What injury causes injury to the MC nerve and what motor and sensory defs dose it cause
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Patch
Urticaria
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
45. thickened - dense bones that are prone to fracture - dz and primary defect
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
McCune - Albright syndrome
46. What is the Auspitz sign
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
Verrucae vulgaris
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
47. progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness cause by CD8+ T cell induced injury to myofibers - dz - most common area of involvement and pathgnomonic histological finding
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Patch
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
48. premalignant lesions caused by sun exposure - small rough - erythematous or brownish papules - cutaenous horns - Name and risk of carcinoma
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Myosin
49. What kind of jxn is in the zona adherens and Where is it - What is it composed of - and what ion does it does it depend on...
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Subclavius
50. What receptor is constitutively activated in achondroplasia and What does it do
Rigor mortis
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
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