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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
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Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In which gender is gout more common and What does the crystals appear like microscopically
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Dysplastic nevus
2. What are the lab findings in osteitis fibrosa cystica
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Adductor policis brevis
Psoriasis
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
3. What causes heart failure in with Paget's disease
3rd finger
Trauma
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
Bulla
4. What are the lab findings in osteopetrosis
Nl - thickened dense bones
B27 - no RF - males
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Ulnar nerve - intrinsic muscles of hand
5. inflammatory lesions of subQ fat - usually on anterior shins - associated with coccidioidomycosis - histoplasmosis - TB - leprosy - streptoccocal infxn - sarcoid
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
Erythema nodosum
6. What does lack of ATP cause
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Parakeratosis
Rigor mortis
Outer arm
7. What does injury to the distal ulnar nerve cause
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
Small cell cancer of the lung - improve with muscle use - no change with ACHE inhibs
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
8. What lesion causes winged scapula
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
Long thoracic nerve
ACH esterase inhibitors - edrophonium test - improvement of sx after edro means the patient is underdosed
Paralysis of lateral rotators
9. Where is C6 dermatome
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
10. bone replaced by fibroblasts and irregular bony trabeculae affecting many bones
Lichen planus
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Medial aspect
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
11. What is the TX for acute gout
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
12. What does MLCK do in smooth muscle contraction
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Musculocutaneous
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
13. What are the characteristic bone findings in paget's disease
Ulnar nerve
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
14. What are the the common causes of Erb palsy - and What are the associated findings
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
15. What is the defect in Paget's disease
Increase in both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
Wheal
Nl - thickened dense bones
16. What do pseudogout crystals appear like microscopically
Acanthosis nigcricans
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
Anterior interosseous nerve
Abduct the fingers
17. irregular raised lesion resulting from scar tissue hypertrophy - follows trauma to skin - common to african americans see in T. pertenue (yaws)
Keloid
Medial aspect
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
Radial - BEST extensors - posterior arm and dorsal hand/thumb - wrist drop
18. papule > 1cm seen psoriasis
Squamous cell carcinoma
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
Plaque
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
19. progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness cause by CD8+ T cell induced injury to myofibers - dz - most common area of involvement and pathgnomonic histological finding
Osteoporosis
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Medial aspect
20. What do lumbricals do
Cherry hemangioma
Seborrheic keratosis
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
21. papules and plaques with silvery scaling - especially on knees and elbows - acanthosis with parakeratotic scaling (nuclei sill in stratun corneum - nail pitting and arthritis
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Psoriasis
22. What causes hypercalcemia in pts with sarcoid
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
Dysplastic nevus
23. What do lupus pts falsely test positive for syphillis
Cervical disk lesion
Trauma
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
24. What signal initiates a muscle contraction
Pseudogout
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
ANA - sensitive but not specific
25. What kind of bone tumor is associated with FAP and What is the finding
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
26. What are the bone mineral lab findings in paget's disease
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
3rd finger
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
27. What is contained within epithelial granulomas of pts with sarcoid
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
McCune - Albright syndrome
Connects cells to underlying extracellular - bullous pemphigoid
4th and 5th finger
28. white painless plaques on the tongue that cannot be scraped off - dz - population - implicated virus
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Vit D def - dec Ca - inc PTH - dec serum phos - reversible when vit D is replaced
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
29. What causes golf or tennis elbow
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
30. Who does osteoporosis type 2 effect
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
31. What is the classic presentation of RA
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Actinic keratosis
Flex at the MCP
32. osteochondrosis has rare malignant transformation into what cancer
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
Chondrosarcoma
Melasma (chloasma)
33. Thenar eminence - nerve and muscles
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
Nl - thickened dense bones
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
34. Sarcoid TX
NC migration
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
Steroids
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
35. Where is C4 dermatome
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Over deltoid
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
36. What nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome or a disclocation of this bone
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
Osteoid osteoma
Median nerve - lunate bone
37. What associations go along with sarcoidosis
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38. What syndrome of the NMJ is a paraneoplastic syndrome and What are the antibodies directed against
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
39. separation of epidermal cells
Acantholysis
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
Axilla
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
40. what changes are seen in stratum spinosum and granulosum in psoriasis
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Nl - thickened dense bones
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
41. pelvic fracture can cause injury to which nerve - and What are the motor and sens def
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
Connects cells to underlying extracellular - bullous pemphigoid
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
42. transiet vesicle seen in hives
Psoriasis
Wheal
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Pemphigus vulgaris
43. What organisms can cause chronic infectious arthritis
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Actinic keratosis
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
44. What test if specific for lupus but doesn't indicate prognosis
Dysplastic nevus
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
Anti Smith
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
45. What are the systemic symptoms found in RA
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
Ulnar nerve
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
46. thickened - dense bones that are prone to fracture - dz and primary defect
Paralysis of abductors
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
47. What nerve is injured in a fracture of the medial epicondyle of humerus - and What is a more distal lesion injuring the same nerve
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
Interossei and adductor policis
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
48. What is the sensory def of an ulnar nerve injury
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
Abduct the fingers
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
49. deep tissue injury - crepitus from methane and CO2 production 'flesh eating bacteria' - condition and orgs
Long thoracic nerve
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Glucocorticoids
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
50. What runs the distance of the A band
Psoriasis
Steroids
Myosin
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
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