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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What kind of bone tumor is associated with FAP and What is the finding
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
Subclavius
Endochondroma
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
2. What is the classic triad of reactive arthritis
Rigor mortis
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
3. Other than N. gono - what organisms can cause infectious - septic arthritis
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
B27 - no RF - males
85% - advanced paternal age - or auto dominant inheritance
S. aureus - streptococcus
4. What are defining lab findings for polymyalgia rheumatica and What is the TX
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
Elevated ESR and nl CK - prednisone
Antibodies around cells of the epidermis in a reticular or netlike pattern
5. What is the tumor marker for melanoma - who is at risk - what correlates with risk of metastasis and What is the gross path
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
Vesicle
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
6. What is a positive Nikolsky's sign
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Thymoma
Dermatitis herpetiformis
7. warts on hands
Verrucae vulgaris
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Subclavius
Lichen planus
8. When does membranous ossification occur and What is the difference between membranous and endochondrial
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
Psoriasis
9. Where is C7 dermatome
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
3rd finger
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
10. What development failure can results in albinism
3rd finger
NC migration
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Pagets dz - bone infarcts - radiation - familial retinoblastoma - codman's triangle or sunburst pattern from elevation of periosteum - poor prognsosis
11. Depolarizaition causes what voltage sensitive receptor coupled to what other receptor to induce a conformational change In what structure - releasing what?
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
12. What does MLCK do in smooth muscle contraction
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
Large goints (knee)
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
13. deep tissue injury - crepitus from methane and CO2 production 'flesh eating bacteria' - condition and orgs
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Osteoporosis
Binds myosin head and releases actin filament allowing cross - bridge cycling and shortening to occur
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
14. What do lupus pts falsely test positive for syphillis
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
Large goints (knee)
15. pruritic eruption - commonly on skin flexures - of associated with asthma - allergic rhinitis
Myosin
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
16. freckle - normal number of melanocytes - inc melanin pigment
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
Ephelis
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
17. potentially fatal autoimmune disorder with IgG antibody against desmosomes
Osteoid osteoma
Pemphigus vulgaris
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
Crust
18. What is the Auspitz sign
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Biceps
19. irregular raised lesion resulting from scar tissue hypertrophy - follows trauma to skin - common to african americans see in T. pertenue (yaws)
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Cherry hemangioma
Dermatomyositis
Keloid
20. Pain and stiffness in shoulders and hips - fever malaise and weight loss - no weakness - pts over 50 - associated with HA and jaw pain
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
Subclavius
21. What nerve is compressed by supracondylar fracture of humerus
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
Median nerve
Posterior cord
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
22. What are the thin lines along the Z line
Actin
Erythema nodosum
Anterior interosseous nerve
Dermatitis
23. What lesion causes winged scapula
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
B27 - no RF - males
Long thoracic nerve
24. Loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the forearm to be pronated
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
Biceps
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
25. What causes heart failure in with Paget's disease
Dysplastic nevus
Outer arm
Down T tubule
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
26. Decrease marrow space in osteopetrosis leads to what?
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
Down T tubule
27. bening cartilaginous neoplasm found in intramedullary bone - usually distal extremities
Endochondroma
Cervical disk lesion
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
Acantholysis
28. What runs the distance of the A band
Osteoblastoma
Myosin
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
29. anaplastic small blue cell malignant tumor - most common in boys < 15 - dz and prognosis
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
Dermatitis herpetiformis
30. loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the medial rotation
Osteoporosis
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
31. Deposition of calcium pyrophosphate cyrstals within the joint space
Medial aspect
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
Pseudogout
Crust
32. papules and plaques with silvery scaling - especially on knees and elbows - acanthosis with parakeratotic scaling (nuclei sill in stratun corneum - nail pitting and arthritis
Psoriasis
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Trauma
33. 2nd most malignant tumor of bone - men 10-20 - cancer - and primary malignant tumor bone
Precocious puberty
Anterior interosseous nerve
Anti Smith
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
34. What nerve controls ab and adduction of the interossei muscles and What does it for the thumb and 4th and 5th lumbricals
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
35. What are the lab findings in osteopetrosis
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
Adductor policis brevis
Nl - thickened dense bones
Macule
36. What do xray show in osteopetrosis and What do potential CN abnl result from
Teres minor
Musculocutaneous
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
37. What does injury to the distal median nerve cause
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38. Where is C4 dermatome
Medial aspect
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Over deltoid
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
39. Loss of what muslces in Erbs causes the limb to hang by side
Paralysis of abductors
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Papule
40. How does gonococcal arthritis present
Type 2
Plaque
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
41. What are the causes of inferior trunk plexus compression and What are the findings
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
Paralysis of abductors
MCP - PIP - no DIP
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
42. What enzyme is necessary for smooth muscle relaxation after contraction
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Teres minor
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
43. large fluid containing blisters seen in bullous pemphigoid
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Dysplastic nevus
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
Bulla
44. In a fractured surgical neck of humerus or dislocation of humeral head - What is the nerve injury - motor deficit - sensory deficit
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
Long thoracic nerve
45. Trauma to lateral aspect of leg or fibula neck fracture - nerve - motor and sens def
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Anti - histone
McCune - Albright syndrome
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
46. What do the branches of the deep ulnar nerve innervate
Interossei and adductor policis
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
GC and cGMP and inhibition of MLCK
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
47. small fluid containing blister seen in chickenpox
Vesicle
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
48. pelvic fracture can cause injury to which nerve - and What are the motor and sens def
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
Keratoacanthoma
49. Where is T2 dermatome
Axilla
Dermatomyositis
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
50. How does the radial nerve in the spiral groove become injured
Ulnar nerve - intrinsic muscles of hand
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Bulla
Strawberry hemangioma