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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the lab findings in osteomalacia/rickets
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Binds myosin head and releases actin filament allowing cross - bridge cycling and shortening to occur
Median nerve
2. What are the systemic symptoms found in RA
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
HI shrinks - A stays same
3. What lesion causes winged scapula
Long thoracic nerve
Erythema nodosum
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Median nerve
4. large fluid containing blisters seen in bullous pemphigoid
Acantholysis
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Phosphorylated
Bulla
5. common mole - benign
Acanthosis nigcricans
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
Ulnar nerve
Nevocellular nevus
6. larger osteoid osteoma found in vertebral column
Median nerve - lunate bone
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Osteoblastoma
7. How is chondrosarcoma described
Nl - thickened dense bones
Tear of the ACL
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
8. small fluid containing blister seen in chickenpox
B27 - no RF - males
Torn MCL
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
Vesicle
9. blister containing pus
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Pustule
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
10. malignant cartilaginous tumor in men 30 to 60 - Name and common location
Hyperkeratosis
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
Radial - BEST extensors - posterior arm and dorsal hand/thumb - wrist drop
11. mechanical wear and tear of joints leading to destruction of articular cartilage
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
Osteoarthritis
Parakeratosis
Deep branch of radial nerve
12. What does the positive anterior drawer sign test indicate
Actinic keratosis
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
Outer arm
Tear of the ACL
13. hyperplasia of stratum spinosum - associated with hyperinsulinemia (cushings - DM) and visceral malignancy
Carbonic anhydrase II
Acanthosis nigcricans
Albinism
ANA - sensitive but not specific
14. MG is associated with what neoplasm
Thymoma
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
Long thoracic nerve
15. What are the characteristic bone findings in paget's disease
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Binds myosin head and releases actin filament allowing cross - bridge cycling and shortening to occur
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
16. flat - greasy - pigmented - squamous epithelial proliferation with keratin - filled cyts (horn cysts) - looks pasted on...
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
Posterior cord
Squamous cell carcinoma
Seborrheic keratosis
17. Loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the forearm to be pronated
Biceps
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
18. What is a very specific test for lupus
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
19. What are the causes of inferior trunk plexus compression and What are the findings
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
Nl - decreased bone mass
Sudden appearance of multiple sebhorrheic keratosis lesions indicating underlying lesions - GI or lymphoid
20. Where is osteosarcoma found in the bone
Long thoracic nerve
Radial nerve
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
Axillary nerve
21. Sarcoid TX
Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion - ulnar claw hand - pope's blessing
Steroids
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
22. Which muscle fiber type is slow twitch and why are fibers red
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Osteoarthritis
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Adductor policis brevis
23. What does injury to the distal median nerve cause
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24. Dermatomyositis places the pt at inc risk For what malignancy in particular
Endochondroma
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
Lung
25. What are the lab findings in pagets disease
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
Actin
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
26. subchondreal cysts - sclerosis - osteophytes - joint space narrowing - eburnation - hebereden's nodes (DIP) bouchard nodes (PIP) - characteristic findings of this dz
Osteoarthritis
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
Biceps
27. What muscles of the shoulder form the rotator cuff
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Thymoma
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
28. What does abnl passive abduction of the knee indicate
Flex at the MCP
Interossei and adductor policis
Torn MCL
Long thoracic nerve
29. deep tissue injury - crepitus from methane and CO2 production 'flesh eating bacteria' - condition and orgs
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Patch
30. What is a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Actinic keratosis
Endochondroma
Widespread skin involvment - rapid progression - early visceral involvement
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
31. What medication is contraindicated in osteoporosis
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
Glucocorticoids
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
32. What are the potential causes of gout
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33. precipitation of monosodium urate crystals into joints due to hyperuricemia
Bulla
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Gout
4th and 5th finger
34. What other muscle in the thenar eminence adducts the thumb
Median nerve - lunate bone
Adductor policis brevis
Trauma
Type III - RF
35. What do lumbricals do
HI shrinks - A stays same
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
Type 2
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
36. What are the signs of ulnar nerve injury
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37. Administration of what kind of compound causes reversal of symptoms and What is used to distringuish under from over dosing
Paralysis of abductors
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
Staph scalded skin syndrome
ACH esterase inhibitors - edrophonium test - improvement of sx after edro means the patient is underdosed
38. In which gender is gout more common and What does the crystals appear like microscopically
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
Tear of the ACL
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
39. progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness cause by CD8+ T cell induced injury to myofibers - dz - most common area of involvement and pathgnomonic histological finding
Osteoarthritis
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
40. inflammatory lesions of subQ fat - usually on anterior shins - associated with coccidioidomycosis - histoplasmosis - TB - leprosy - streptoccocal infxn - sarcoid
Keloid
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Erythema nodosum
41. What enzyme defect in responsible for osteopetrosis
Carbonic anhydrase II
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Actinic keratosis
Bulla
42. What is the Sicca syndrome
Melasma (chloasma)
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
43. What does lack of ATP cause
Outer arm
Connects cells to underlying extracellular - bullous pemphigoid
Rigor mortis
Over deltoid
44. exotoxin destroys keratinocyte attachments in the stratum granulosum - fever - generalized erythematous rash with sloughing of the upper layers of the dermis - newborns and children
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
Renal - pulm - CV - GI - 75% female
45. Trauma to lateral aspect of leg or fibula neck fracture - nerve - motor and sens def
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Over deltoid
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
46. What are the bone mineral lab findings in paget's disease
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
Melasma (chloasma)
Wheal
47. appreas in 30s to 40s - does not regress
Cherry hemangioma
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
Ulnar
Flex at the MCP
48. What muscle the long thoracic nerve innervate - What does it do - and when can it be injured
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
GC and cGMP and inhibition of MLCK
Long thoracic nerve
49. epi of SLE
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Acanthosis
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
50. What are the lab findings in osteoporosis
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
Nl - decreased bone mass
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
Psoriasis