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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sarcoid TX
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Steroids
Osteoarthritis
2. elevated skin lesion <1cm seen in acne vulgaris
Down T tubule
Papule
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
3. What is the tumor marker for melanoma - who is at risk - what correlates with risk of metastasis and What is the gross path
Subclavius
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
4. progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness cause by CD8+ T cell induced injury to myofibers - dz - most common area of involvement and pathgnomonic histological finding
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Ulnar nerve - intrinsic muscles of hand
Interossei and adductor policis
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
5. What are the motor - sensory deficits and sign of carpal tunnel syndrome
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
Verrucae vulgaris
Scleroderma
6. What nerve is compressed by supracondylar fracture of humerus
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
Median nerve
7. papule > 1cm seen psoriasis
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
Plaque
Melasma (chloasma)
8. What is a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Actinic keratosis
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
Median nerve - lunate bone
9. blister containing pus
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Scleroderma
Pustule
Antibodies around cells of the epidermis in a reticular or netlike pattern
10. What lesion causes total claw (klumpke's hand)
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Verrucae vulgaris
Osteoarthritis
ANA - sensitive but not specific
11. What runs the distance of the A band
Myosin
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
12. exotoxin destroys keratinocyte attachments in the stratum granulosum - fever - generalized erythematous rash with sloughing of the upper layers of the dermis - newborns and children
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
4th and 5th finger
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Staph scalded skin syndrome
13. What medication is contraindicated in osteoporosis
Glucocorticoids
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
14. yellow when perpendicular and blue when parallel
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Radial nerve
Sites of tibial attachment
Pseudogout
15. What nerve is injured in a posterior hip dislocation or polio and What are the motor defs
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Phosphorylated
S. aureus - streptococcus
16. dried exudates from a vesicle - bulla or pustule seen impetigo
Verrucae
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Crust
17. knee trauma - nerve - motor and sensory def
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Anterior interosseous nerve
18. What are the potential causes of gout
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19. In which joints does pseudogout typically occur
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Large goints (knee)
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
20. What other lesion can cause the appearnce of the ulnar claw
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Osteoarthritis
21. What clinical features in vertebral crush fractures
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
Renal - pulm - CV - GI - 75% female
Acute back pain - loss of height - and kyphosis
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
22. What percent of these mutations occur sporadically and what parental feature are they associated with
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
85% - advanced paternal age - or auto dominant inheritance
Verrucae
23. Damage to what 3 structures is common for the unhappy triad
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
24. Trauma to lateral aspect of leg or fibula neck fracture - nerve - motor and sens def
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Ulnar
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
25. What kind of injury can cause damage to the inferior gluteal nerve and What can it cause
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26. small fluid containing blister seen in chickenpox
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Vesicle
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
27. What does I'M DAMN SHARP stand for
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Anti - histone
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
28. flat - greasy - pigmented - squamous epithelial proliferation with keratin - filled cyts (horn cysts) - looks pasted on...
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
Seborrheic keratosis
Small cell cancer of the lung - improve with muscle use - no change with ACHE inhibs
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
29. What are the characteristic bone findings in paget's disease
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Gout
30. What causes a lesion in the upper trunk of the brachial plexus
Median - lateral finger and wrist flexion - dorsal palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers/thenar eminence - ape hand - carpal tunnel syndrome
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Trauma
31. MG is associated with what neoplasm
Melasma (chloasma)
Thymoma
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Large goints (knee)
32. Which type of muscle fiber is hypertrophied during weight training
Type 2
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
Ulnar nerve
33. What does subscapularis do
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Medially rotates and adducts arm
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
34. Where are most osteoid osteoma found and In what population
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
35. What is the primary screening test for lupus
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
Vertebral crush fractures - femoral neck fractures - distal radius (Colles') fracture
Melasma (chloasma)
36. What does IM reveal in pemphigus vulgaris
Outer arm
Pemphigus vulgaris
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
Antibodies around cells of the epidermis in a reticular or netlike pattern
37. What are common features of lupus
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
Outer arm
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
38. What are the lab findings in osteoporosis
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
Nl - decreased bone mass
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
39. thickened - dense bones that are prone to fracture - dz and primary defect
Keratoacanthoma
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
Nl - decreased bone mass
40. anaplastic small blue cell malignant tumor - most common in boys < 15 - dz and prognosis
Acantholysis
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
41. What does injury to the distal median nerve cause
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42. What are the the common causes of Erb palsy - and What are the associated findings
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Subclavius
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
43. papules and plaques with silvery scaling - especially on knees and elbows - acanthosis with parakeratotic scaling (nuclei sill in stratun corneum - nail pitting and arthritis
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
Psoriasis
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
Carbonic anhydrase II
44. excessive fibrosis and collagen deposition throughout the body - common in skin manifesting as puffy taut skin with absence of wrinkles
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Scleroderma
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Urticaria
45. Which muscle laterally rotates and adducts arm
Vesicle
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Teres minor
46. What is the classic presentation of RA
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
47. hives - intensely pruritic wheals that form after mast cell degranulation
Ulnar nerve
Urticaria
Outer arm
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
48. What causes golf or tennis elbow
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Vit D def - dec Ca - inc PTH - dec serum phos - reversible when vit D is replaced
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
49. What causes compression of the C7 nerve root
Anti - histone
Cervical disk lesion
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
Axilla
50. What variant of squamous cells carcinoma of the skin grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously
Actin
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
Renal - pulm - CV - GI - 75% female
Keratoacanthoma