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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
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Subject
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health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. first few weeks of life - grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously at 5 to 8 yrs of age
Pagets dz - bone infarcts - radiation - familial retinoblastoma - codman's triangle or sunburst pattern from elevation of periosteum - poor prognsosis
Strawberry hemangioma
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
2. What is a very specific test for lupus
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Axillary nerve
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Actinic keratosis
3. What is the classic presentation of osteoarthritis
Rigor mortis
Scleroderma
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
4. Which type of muscle fiber is hypertrophied during weight training
Dermatomyositis
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Type 2
5. Autoimmune disorder with IgG antibody against hemidesmosomes - dz - IM - other findings
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6. What kind of bone tumor is associated with FAP and What is the finding
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Keratoacanthoma
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
7. What kind of nuclei do basal cell tumors have
Crust
Rheumatoid arthritis
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
Palisading
8. What do dorsal interosseous muscles do
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
Abduct the fingers
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
9. What are the causes of inferior trunk plexus compression and What are the findings
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
Chondrosarcoma
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
10. What does the positive anterior drawer sign test indicate
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
Acanthosis
Tear of the ACL
11. Where does the muscle contraction travel after leaving the motor end plate
Subclavius
HI shrinks - A stays same
Down T tubule
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
12. What nerve and branch are stretche by subluxation of the radius
Deep branch of radial nerve
Osteoblastoma
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
Seborrheic keratosis
13. Dermatomyositis places the pt at inc risk For what malignancy in particular
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Lung
Dermatitis
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
14. Warts - soft - tan - colored - cauliflower type lesions - epidermal hyperplasia - hyperkeratosis - koilocytosis
Steroids
Verrucae
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
Pseudogout
15. inflammation of the skin
Dermatitis
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
Ephelis
Paralysis of lateral rotators
16. pelvic fracture can cause injury to which nerve - and What are the motor and sens def
Posterior hip dislocation - can't jump - climb stairs or rise from seated positions
3rd finger
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
17. What nerve is injured by a superficial laceration of the hand
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Median - lateral finger and wrist flexion - dorsal palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers/thenar eminence - ape hand - carpal tunnel syndrome
Sudden appearance of multiple sebhorrheic keratosis lesions indicating underlying lesions - GI or lymphoid
18. What is the classic traid of sjogrens syndrome
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
Verrucae
Subclavius
19. warts on hands
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Nevocellular nevus
Verrucae vulgaris
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
20. How does the radial nerve in the spiral groove become injured
Parakeratosis
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
21. What lesion causes difficulty flexing elbow with variable sensory loss
GC and cGMP and inhibition of MLCK
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Musculocutaneous
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
22. mechanical wear and tear of joints leading to destruction of articular cartilage
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Osteoarthritis
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
23. What muscle the long thoracic nerve innervate - What does it do - and when can it be injured
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
Gout
Medial aspect
24. Decrease marrow space in osteopetrosis leads to what?
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Type III - RF
Anti - histone
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
25. bening cartilaginous neoplasm found in intramedullary bone - usually distal extremities
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
Endochondroma
Interossei and adductor policis
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
26. what changes are seen in stratum spinosum and granulosum in psoriasis
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Rheumatoid arthritis
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
27. precipitation of monosodium urate crystals into joints due to hyperuricemia
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
Gout
Median nerve
28. thickened - dense bones that are prone to fracture - dz and primary defect
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
Crust
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
29. yellow when perpendicular and blue when parallel
Pseudogout
Anti Smith
The dermis
Torn MCL
30. Tumor occuring mostly at epiphyseal end of long bones - occuring btw 20 and 40 - locally aggressive bening tumor around distal femur and proximal tibia - tumor and characteristic xray findings
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
31. What are characteristic findings of gout
Cervical disk lesion
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
32. What do the lumbrical muscles do
Acantholysis
Flex at the MCP
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
33. Where is T2 dermatome
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
Axilla
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
34. What clinical features in vertebral crush fractures
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Interossei and adductor policis
Vertebral crush fractures - femoral neck fractures - distal radius (Colles') fracture
Acute back pain - loss of height - and kyphosis
35. heliotrope rash 'shawl and face' rash - Gotton's papules - 'mechanic's hands'
Biceps
Dermatomyositis
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
36. IBS - 2 dz's
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
37. 2nd most malignant tumor of bone - men 10-20 - cancer - and primary malignant tumor bone
Erythema nodosum
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Ulnar nerve
38. What is the classic presentation of RA
Osteoporosis
Vesicle
Axillary nerve
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
39. normal melanocyte number with dec melanin production due to inactivity of tyrosine
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Albinism
Over deltoid
40. What is the most common NMJ disorder - What causes it and What are common symptoms
Median nerve
Albinism
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
41. What lesion causes Saturday night wrist drop
Nl - thickened dense bones
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Radial nerve
Rigor mortis
42. Thenar eminence - nerve and muscles
85% - advanced paternal age - or auto dominant inheritance
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Verrucae vulgaris
43. elevated skin lesion <1cm seen in acne vulgaris
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Plaque
Proximal median nerve lesion - loss of opponens pollicis muscle fxn leading to unopposoble thumb
Papule
44. What is below the epidermis
Age - obesity and joint deformity
Integrin binds laminin in BM
The dermis
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
45. Patients with pagets disease can develop what cancer
Melasma (chloasma)
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
Osteogenic carcinoma
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
46. What kind of jxn is in the zona adherens and Where is it - What is it composed of - and what ion does it does it depend on...
Acute back pain - loss of height - and kyphosis
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
47. Depolarizaition causes what voltage sensitive receptor coupled to what other receptor to induce a conformational change In what structure - releasing what?
Posterior cord
Median nerve
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Osteoarthritis
48. large fluid containing blisters seen in bullous pemphigoid
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Bulla
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
49. Why does EtOH consumption precipitate gout
Ulnar nerve
Type 2
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
50. On the palmar and dorsal sides of the hand - what dermatome covers the 5th finger and the lateral 1/2 of the 4th finger
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
Ulnar
Anti Smith
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