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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the the common causes of Erb palsy - and What are the associated findings
Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion - ulnar claw hand - pope's blessing
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
Rheumatoid arthritis
2. What variant of squamous cells carcinoma of the skin grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously
Keratoacanthoma
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
3. malignant cartilaginous tumor in men 30 to 60 - Name and common location
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Carbonic anhydrase II
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
4. What does MLCK do in smooth muscle contraction
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
Posterior hip dislocation - can't jump - climb stairs or rise from seated positions
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
5. What kind of endocrine abnl are associated with McCune Albright
GC and cGMP and inhibition of MLCK
Squamous cell carcinoma
Precocious puberty
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
6. inflammation of the skin
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Dermatitis
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
Pseudogout
7. Which nerve is compressed in deep forearm
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Lichen planus
Anterior interosseous nerve
8. hives - intensely pruritic wheals that form after mast cell degranulation
Urticaria
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Musculocutaneous
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
9. On the palmar and dorsal sides of the hand - what dermatome covers the 5th finger and the lateral 1/2 of the 4th finger
Pseudogout
Ulnar
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
10. What causes osteoporosis type 1 and When does it typically occur
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
11. Warts - soft - tan - colored - cauliflower type lesions - epidermal hyperplasia - hyperkeratosis - koilocytosis
Verrucae
Osteoporosis
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
Lung
12. What does I'M DAMN SHARP stand for
Macule
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
13. What are the systemic symptoms found in RA
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
Osteogenic carcinoma
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
14. Achondroplasia is a failure of what process which results in which characteristic findings
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
15. In skeletal and smooth muscle contraction - when Ca2+ enters the cytoplasm - What does it do
Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion - ulnar claw hand - pope's blessing
Psoriasis
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
16. thickened - dense bones that are prone to fracture - dz and primary defect
Flex at the MCP
Crust
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
17. interlacing trabeculae of woven bone surrounded by osteoblasts
Vit D def - dec Ca - inc PTH - dec serum phos - reversible when vit D is replaced
Osteoid osteoma
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
18. What are the characterstic joints affected in RA
Nl - decreased bone mass
ACH esterase inhibitors - edrophonium test - improvement of sx after edro means the patient is underdosed
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
MCP - PIP - no DIP
19. Where does the muscle contraction travel after leaving the motor end plate
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
Down T tubule
Patch
20. hypothenar eminence - nerve and muscles
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
21. In which joints does pseudogout typically occur
Large goints (knee)
Thymoma
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
22. elevated skin lesion <1cm seen in acne vulgaris
Acanthosis
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
Papule
B27 - no RF - males
23. IBS - 2 dz's
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
Large goints (knee)
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Cherry hemangioma
24. What is a positive Nikolsky's sign
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
Staph scalded skin syndrome
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Precocious puberty
25. Reduction of primarily trabecular (spongy) bone mass despite nl bone mineralization lab values
Thymoma
Ulnar nerve
Osteoporosis
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
26. What is the tumor marker for melanoma - who is at risk - what correlates with risk of metastasis and What is the gross path
Cervical disk lesion
Endochondroma
Hyperkeratosis
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
27. yellow when parallel and blue when perpendicular
Patch
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Gout
28. heliotrope rash 'shawl and face' rash - Gotton's papules - 'mechanic's hands'
McCune - Albright syndrome
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Dermatomyositis
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
29. What muscles of the shoulder form the rotator cuff
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
Lichen planus
30. What do anterior and posterior in ACL and PCL refer to...
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Sites of tibial attachment
Plaque
31. What nerve is injured in a fracutre of the hook of hamate
Parakeratosis
Ulnar nerve
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
32. What does acantholysis show in pemphigus vulgaris
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
33. knee trauma - nerve - motor and sensory def
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
The dermis
Verrucae
34. Autoimmune disorder with IgG antibody against hemidesmosomes - dz - IM - other findings
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35. What is the classic triad of reactive arthritis
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
36. How is chondrosarcoma described
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
Psoriasis
Fracture of surgical neck - dislocation of the humerus - intramuscular injections
Axillary nerve
37. Loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the forearm to be pronated
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Biceps
Osteoporosis
38. What does abnl passive abduction of the knee indicate
Torn MCL
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Integrin binds laminin in BM
39. What are the subQ rheumatoid nodules made of...
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Radial nerve
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
40. What happens at the gap jxn and what molecules create them
Interossei and adductor policis
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
41. What is the classic traid of sjogrens syndrome
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
Osteogenic carcinoma
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
42. What syndrome of the NMJ is a paraneoplastic syndrome and What are the antibodies directed against
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Fracture of surgical neck - dislocation of the humerus - intramuscular injections
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Endochondroma
43. On the palmar side of the hand - what dermatone covers the most of the thumb - 2nd - 3rd - and medial half of the 4th digits and What does it cover on the dorsal side
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Interossei and adductor policis
Wheal
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
44. deep tissue injury - crepitus from methane and CO2 production 'flesh eating bacteria' - condition and orgs
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
4th and 5th finger
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
45. What kind of hypersens rxn is RA - and what serum marker is present in 80% of RA pts
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
Osteoarthritis
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
Type III - RF
46. Macule greater than 1cm
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
Patch
Teres minor
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
47. warts on hands
Verrucae vulgaris
Musculocutaneous
Osteoarthritis
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
48. What do palmar interosseous muscles do
3rd finger
Adduct the fingers
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
49. What kind of jxn is the zona occludens andw What is is composed of...
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
Proximal median nerve lesion - loss of opponens pollicis muscle fxn leading to unopposoble thumb
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
50. What causes hypercalcemia in pts with sarcoid
Large goints (knee)
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
Ephelis
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm