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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. inflammatory lesions of subQ fat - usually on anterior shins - associated with coccidioidomycosis - histoplasmosis - TB - leprosy - streptoccocal infxn - sarcoid
Erythema nodosum
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Macule
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
2. hives - intensely pruritic wheals that form after mast cell degranulation
Urticaria
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
3. What is CREST syndrome and What antibody is it associated with
Radial nerve
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
4. Flat discloration <1cm seen in tinea versicolor
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
Proximal median nerve lesion - loss of opponens pollicis muscle fxn leading to unopposoble thumb
Macule
5. pruritic eruption - commonly on skin flexures - of associated with asthma - allergic rhinitis
Gout
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
6. bone replaced by fibroblasts and irregular bony trabeculae affecting many bones
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Deep branch of radial nerve
7. Where is osteosarcoma found in the bone
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
Dysplastic nevus
8. Macule greater than 1cm
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
B27 - no RF - males
Patch
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
9. Where is T2 dermatome
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
Axilla
Erythema nodosum
Cervical disk lesion
10. What is the Auspitz sign
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
11. What do anterior and posterior in ACL and PCL refer to...
Sites of tibial attachment
Thymoma
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
Vesicle
12. Loss of what muslces in Erbs causes the limb to hang by side
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
Paralysis of abductors
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
13. What is a very specific test for lupus
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
14. In a fractured surgical neck of humerus or dislocation of humeral head - What is the nerve injury - motor deficit - sensory deficit
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Anti Smith
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
15. What kind of nuclei do basal cell tumors have
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
Median - lateral finger and wrist flexion - dorsal palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers/thenar eminence - ape hand - carpal tunnel syndrome
Anterior interosseous nerve
Palisading
16. What are the the common causes of Erb palsy - and What are the associated findings
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
MCP - PIP - no DIP
Renal - pulm - CV - GI - 75% female
17. loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the medial rotation
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Renal - pulm - CV - GI - 75% female
18. What are the lab findings in osteitis fibrosa cystica
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Subclavius
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
19. progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness cause by CD8+ T cell induced injury to myofibers - dz - most common area of involvement and pathgnomonic histological finding
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
McCune - Albright syndrome
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Scleroderma
20. What do pseudogout crystals appear like microscopically
Plaque
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Patch
21. What molecule maintatins integrity of basement membrane and What does it bind
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Subclavius
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
22. Where is C4 dermatome
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
Over deltoid
23. What are the most common symtpoms of SLE
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
24. subchondreal cysts - sclerosis - osteophytes - joint space narrowing - eburnation - hebereden's nodes (DIP) bouchard nodes (PIP) - characteristic findings of this dz
Pseudogout
Osteoarthritis
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion - ulnar claw hand - pope's blessing
25. Depolarizaition causes what voltage sensitive receptor coupled to what other receptor to induce a conformational change In what structure - releasing what?
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
26. elevated skin lesion <1cm seen in acne vulgaris
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
Increase in both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
Papule
Strawberry hemangioma
27. Patients with pagets disease can develop what cancer
Pustule
Osteogenic carcinoma
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
28. anaplastic small blue cell malignant tumor - most common in boys < 15 - dz and prognosis
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
Type III - RF
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Vit D def - dec Ca - inc PTH - dec serum phos - reversible when vit D is replaced
29. 2nd most malignant tumor of bone - men 10-20 - cancer - and primary malignant tumor bone
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Dermatomyositis
Anti Smith
30. What are the possible origins of the paget's disease
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Posterior hip dislocation - can't jump - climb stairs or rise from seated positions
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
31. What percent of these mutations occur sporadically and what parental feature are they associated with
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
85% - advanced paternal age - or auto dominant inheritance
Carbonic anhydrase II
32. larger osteoid osteoma found in vertebral column
Trauma
Osteoblastoma
Dermatomyositis
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
33. epidermal hyperplasia (inc spinosum)
Thymoma
Acanthosis
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
34. inc thickness of stratum corneum seen in psoriasis
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Medial aspect
Lung
Hyperkeratosis
35. Loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the forearm to be pronated
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
Biceps
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Palisading
36. transiet vesicle seen in hives
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Wheal
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
37. skin cancer associatd associated with excessive exposure to sunlight and arsenic
Sites of tibial attachment
Renal - pulm - CV - GI - 75% female
Squamous cell carcinoma
Connects cells to underlying extracellular - bullous pemphigoid
38. MG is associated with what neoplasm
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
Thymoma
Torn MCL
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
39. What nerve is injured by a superficial laceration of the hand
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
Osteoporosis
Acantholysis
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
40. What is the test for drug induced lupus
Anti - histone
Connects cells to underlying extracellular - bullous pemphigoid
Papule
Teres minor
41. Where are most osteoid osteoma found and In what population
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
Widespread skin involvment - rapid progression - early visceral involvement
Subclavius
Medially rotates and adducts arm
42. Tumor occuring mostly at epiphyseal end of long bones - occuring btw 20 and 40 - locally aggressive bening tumor around distal femur and proximal tibia - tumor and characteristic xray findings
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
43. warts on hands
Verrucae vulgaris
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
S. aureus - streptococcus
Fracture of surgical neck - dislocation of the humerus - intramuscular injections
44. What is the power stroke of muscle contraction
Gout
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Myosin releases bound ADP and is displaced on the actin filament
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
45. What is a positive Nikolsky's sign
Long thoracic nerve
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
46. In which gender is gout more common and What does the crystals appear like microscopically
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
Dermatomyositis
Nl - thickened dense bones
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
47. Where is T1 dermatome
Steroids
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
48. Other than characteristic joints and subQ nodules - What are the other findings classicly in RA
Gout
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
49. What are the characterstic joints affected in RA
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
MCP - PIP - no DIP
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
50. hyperpigmentation associated with pregnancy or OCP
Melasma (chloasma)
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
Myosin
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+