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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What happens at the postsynaptic motor end plate
Pityriasis rosea
Endochondroma
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Gout
2. What are the common perpetrating infections for Reiters syndrome
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
Actinic keratosis
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
3. pruritic eruption - commonly on skin flexures - of associated with asthma - allergic rhinitis
Flex at the MCP
Pustule
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
4. osteochondrosis has rare malignant transformation into what cancer
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Urticaria
Chondrosarcoma
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
5. Administration of what kind of compound causes reversal of symptoms and What is used to distringuish under from over dosing
ACH esterase inhibitors - edrophonium test - improvement of sx after edro means the patient is underdosed
Cervical disk lesion
Tear of the ACL
Precocious puberty
6. fever - bulla formation and necrosis - sloughing of skin and high mortality - syndrome and associations
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
Ulnar
7. What is a positive Nikolsky's sign
Vertebral crush fractures - femoral neck fractures - distal radius (Colles') fracture
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
8. What are the classic fractures in pts with osteoporosis
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9. yellow when perpendicular and blue when parallel
Osteoporosis
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Pseudogout
10. Pain and stiffness in shoulders and hips - fever malaise and weight loss - no weakness - pts over 50 - associated with HA and jaw pain
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
Osteogenic carcinoma
11. What is the primary screening test for lupus
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Nl - decreased bone mass
Actinic keratosis
12. What nerve and branch are stretche by subluxation of the radius
Carbonic anhydrase II
Deep branch of radial nerve
Outer arm
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
13. progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness cause by CD8+ T cell induced injury to myofibers - dz - most common area of involvement and pathgnomonic histological finding
Type III - RF
Biceps
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
14. What happens in the power stroke of skeletal muscle contraction
Verrucae
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
15. elevated skin lesion <1cm seen in acne vulgaris
Adductor policis brevis
Nl - decreased bone mass
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Papule
16. What nerve is injured by a superficial laceration of the hand
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
HI shrinks - A stays same
17. white painless plaques on the tongue that cannot be scraped off - dz - population - implicated virus
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
18. What muscles of the shoulder form the rotator cuff
Osteoid osteoma
Medially rotates and adducts arm
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
19. What is a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Actinic keratosis
Type III - RF
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
Anti Smith
20. Where are most osteoid osteoma found and In what population
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
21. What nerve is injured in a fracutre of the hook of hamate
Radial - BEST extensors - posterior arm and dorsal hand/thumb - wrist drop
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
Ulnar nerve
22. What development failure can results in albinism
NC migration
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
23. deep tissue injury - crepitus from methane and CO2 production 'flesh eating bacteria' - condition and orgs
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
Osteoid osteoma
24. What syndrome of the NMJ is a paraneoplastic syndrome and What are the antibodies directed against
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
NC migration
25. What is the classic traid of sjogrens syndrome
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Torn MCL
Down T tubule
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
26. Ca2+ released from the SR binds what structure and What does it cause
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
Anti Smith
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
27. Loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the forearm to be pronated
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Biceps
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
28. What receptor is constitutively activated in achondroplasia and What does it do
Axillary nerve
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
Ulnar nerve
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
29. What is the sensory def of an ulnar nerve injury
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Dermatitis
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Tear of the ACL
30. Macule greater than 1cm
Papule
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Patch
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
31. What disease is caused by autoantibodies to desomosmes - What area of the cell would it occur - and what molecules are connecting
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Osteoarthritis
32. Deposition of calcium pyrophosphate cyrstals within the joint space
Hyperkeratosis
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
Pseudogout
33. What lesion causes claw hand and What are the muscles involved
Ulnar nerve - intrinsic muscles of hand
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Myosin releases bound ADP and is displaced on the actin filament
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
34. Sarcoid TX
Plaque
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
GC and cGMP and inhibition of MLCK
Steroids
35. In longitudinal bone growth - what model is made first (and By what cell) and What is it later replaced by (and By what cells) - process name
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Over deltoid
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
36. pruritic - purple - polygonal papules - sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal - epidermal jxn - associated with hep C
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
Lichen planus
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
37. bone replaced by fibroblasts and irregular bony trabeculae affecting many bones
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Osteoporosis
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
38. thickened - dense bones that are prone to fracture - dz and primary defect
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Osteoporosis
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Dermatitis herpetiformis
39. Patients with pagets disease can develop what cancer
Gout
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Osteogenic carcinoma
40. Very superfiicial skin infection - honey colored crusting - very contagious - condition and organisms
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
Osteogenic carcinoma
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
41. What causes compression of the C7 nerve root
Steroids
Cervical disk lesion
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
42. What are common features of lupus
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
GC and cGMP and inhibition of MLCK
Widespread skin involvment - rapid progression - early visceral involvement
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
43. Which muscle fiber type is slow twitch and why are fibers red
Dermatomyositis
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Posterior hip dislocation - can't jump - climb stairs or rise from seated positions
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
44. What are the lab findings in osteopetrosis
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Nevocellular nevus
Nl - thickened dense bones
Anti Smith
45. What autoantibodies are formed in sjogrens syndrome
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
46. When does membranous ossification occur and What is the difference between membranous and endochondrial
Ulnar nerve
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
NC migration
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
47. Dermatomyositis places the pt at inc risk For what malignancy in particular
Deep branch of radial nerve
Patch
Pagets dz - bone infarcts - radiation - familial retinoblastoma - codman's triangle or sunburst pattern from elevation of periosteum - poor prognsosis
Lung
48. In skeletal and smooth muscle contraction - when Ca2+ enters the cytoplasm - What does it do
Crust
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
Pseudogout
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
49. blister containing pus
Pustule
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
50. What antibody is less sensitive than RF but more specific and What is the HLA association
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Long thoracic nerve
Acantholysis