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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What development failure can results in albinism
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
NC migration
Wheal
Plaque
2. What are the bone mineral lab findings in paget's disease
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Acute back pain - loss of height - and kyphosis
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
Increase in both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
3. What supplies innervation to the thenar muscles
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Squamous cell carcinoma
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
4. Loss of what muslces in Erbs causes the limb to hang by side
Paralysis of abductors
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
Ulnar
5. What does soft bones result from and What is the dz called in adults and children
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
Large goints (knee)
6. Deposition of calcium pyrophosphate cyrstals within the joint space
Hyperkeratosis
Pseudogout
Medial aspect
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
7. What percent of these mutations occur sporadically and what parental feature are they associated with
85% - advanced paternal age - or auto dominant inheritance
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
8. What nerve is injured in a fracutre of the hook of hamate
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
Pityriasis rosea
Ulnar nerve
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
9. What are the lab findings and TX in dermatomyositis
Squamous cell carcinoma
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
10. hives - intensely pruritic wheals that form after mast cell degranulation
Urticaria
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
11. What is the characteristic appearance of bone - the common translocation - area of - and bones affected
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
12. What causes golf or tennis elbow
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
13. fracture of a supracondylar humerus - nerve - motor - sensory - sign and more distal lesion causing the same nerve
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
Median - lateral finger and wrist flexion - dorsal palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers/thenar eminence - ape hand - carpal tunnel syndrome
S. aureus - streptococcus
14. What happens at the postsynaptic motor end plate
Carbonic anhydrase II
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
Long thoracic nerve
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
15. hyperplasia of stratum spinosum - associated with hyperinsulinemia (cushings - DM) and visceral malignancy
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Trauma
GC and cGMP and inhibition of MLCK
Acanthosis nigcricans
16. Administration of what kind of compound causes reversal of symptoms and What is used to distringuish under from over dosing
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Medial aspect
ACH esterase inhibitors - edrophonium test - improvement of sx after edro means the patient is underdosed
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
17. heliotrope rash 'shawl and face' rash - Gotton's papules - 'mechanic's hands'
McCune - Albright syndrome
Dermatomyositis
Steroids
Anti Smith
18. What lesion causes difficulty flexing elbow with variable sensory loss
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
4th and 5th finger
Musculocutaneous
19. What nerve is injured in a fracture of the medial epicondyle of humerus - and What is a more distal lesion injuring the same nerve
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Anterior interosseous nerve
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
Median nerve
20. What are predisposing factors for osteosarcoma - xray finding
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21. irregular raised lesion resulting from scar tissue hypertrophy - follows trauma to skin - common to african americans see in T. pertenue (yaws)
Gout
Keloid
85% - advanced paternal age - or auto dominant inheritance
Musculocutaneous
22. How is chondrosarcoma described
Scleroderma
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
Precocious puberty
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
23. What do lupus pts falsely test positive for syphillis
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
Actinic keratosis
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
24. skin cancer associatd associated with excessive exposure to sunlight and arsenic
Adductor policis brevis
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
Squamous cell carcinoma
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
25. Associated with M. pneumonia - HSV - sulfa drugs - B lactams - phenytoin - cancers and autoimmune dz - skin disorder and description
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Median - lateral finger and wrist flexion - dorsal palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers/thenar eminence - ape hand - carpal tunnel syndrome
26. bone replaced by fibroblasts and irregular bony trabeculae affecting many bones
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Strawberry hemangioma
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
27. What lesion causes dec in thumb fxn 'ape hand'
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
Median nerve
28. What causes hypercalcemia in pts with sarcoid
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Adduct the fingers
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
29. Depolarizaition causes what voltage sensitive receptor coupled to what other receptor to induce a conformational change In what structure - releasing what?
Verrucae vulgaris
Psoriasis
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Carbonic anhydrase II
30. What do the lumbrical muscles do
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Anti - histone
Flex at the MCP
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
31. What does ATP do in skeletal muscle contraction
Tear of the ACL
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
Binds myosin head and releases actin filament allowing cross - bridge cycling and shortening to occur
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
32. which muscle type is fast twitch and why are fibers white
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
Trauma
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
Pustule
33. Which muscle is the pitching injury and What does it do
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Lung
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
34. When do acute attacks of gout typically occur
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Strawberry hemangioma
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
35. What muscle the long thoracic nerve innervate - What does it do - and when can it be injured
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Interossei and adductor policis
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
36. What causes a lesion in the axillary nerve
Median nerve
Fracture of surgical neck - dislocation of the humerus - intramuscular injections
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Median nerve - lunate bone
37. What does lack of ATP cause
Rigor mortis
Iliac crest
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
Posterior cord
38. How does the radial nerve in the spiral groove become injured
Biceps
Erythema nodosum
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
39. fever - bulla formation and necrosis - sloughing of skin and high mortality - syndrome and associations
Acanthosis nigcricans
Acanthosis
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
40. What are the lab findings in osteopetrosis
Nl - thickened dense bones
Radial nerve
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
41. What enzyme defect in responsible for osteopetrosis
Albinism
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Carbonic anhydrase II
Verrucae vulgaris
42. What nerve is compressed by supracondylar fracture of humerus
Anti - histone
Patch
Median nerve
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
43. Which nerve is compressed in deep forearm
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
Anterior interosseous nerve
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
44. acute painful spreading infxn of dermis and subQ tissues - condition and orgs
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Fracture of surgical neck - dislocation of the humerus - intramuscular injections
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
45. what changes are seen in stratum spinosum and granulosum in psoriasis
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
Rigor mortis
46. What is the classic triad of reactive arthritis
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Ulnar nerve
Rheumatoid arthritis
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
47. In which form is myosin light chain active
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Osteogenic carcinoma
NC migration
Phosphorylated
48. What are the characterstic joints affected in RA
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
MCP - PIP - no DIP
49. exotoxin destroys keratinocyte attachments in the stratum granulosum - fever - generalized erythematous rash with sloughing of the upper layers of the dermis - newborns and children
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
Medial aspect
50. What is the defect in Paget's disease
Increase in both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Connects cells to underlying extracellular - bullous pemphigoid
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina