SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. elevated skin lesion <1cm seen in acne vulgaris
Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion - ulnar claw hand - pope's blessing
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Papule
2. Where does squamous cell carcinoma of the skin typically appear - What is the histo - prognosis - and associations
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
Endochondroma
Cherry hemangioma
3. Decrease marrow space in osteopetrosis leads to what?
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
4. which muscle type is fast twitch and why are fibers white
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
McCune - Albright syndrome
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
5. Which muscle laterally rotates and adducts arm
Teres minor
Iliac crest
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
6. hypothenar eminence - nerve and muscles
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
Acute back pain - loss of height - and kyphosis
7. inflammatory disorder affective synovial joints with pannus formation in joints
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
Rheumatoid arthritis
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
8. Which muscle fiber type is slow twitch and why are fibers red
Pustule
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
Cherry hemangioma
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
9. Reduction of primarily trabecular (spongy) bone mass despite nl bone mineralization lab values
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
Elevated ESR and nl CK - prednisone
Osteoporosis
10. What runs the distance of the A band
Myosin
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Teres minor
Sites of tibial attachment
11. In a fractured surgical neck of humerus or dislocation of humeral head - What is the nerve injury - motor deficit - sensory deficit
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
Pagets dz - bone infarcts - radiation - familial retinoblastoma - codman's triangle or sunburst pattern from elevation of periosteum - poor prognsosis
12. What are the possible origins of the paget's disease
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Axillary nerve
13. In smooth muscle contraction - What does Ca bind and What is the purpose
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
Large goints (knee)
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
14. most common benign tumor - mature bone with cartilaginous cap - men <25 - origintate froms long metaphysis
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Acanthosis nigcricans
Plaque
Osteochondroma - exostosis
15. What is the tumor marker for melanoma - who is at risk - what correlates with risk of metastasis and What is the gross path
Myosin
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
Verrucae vulgaris
16. What supplies innervation to the thenar muscles
Outer arm
Myosin releases bound ADP and is displaced on the actin filament
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
17. flat - greasy - pigmented - squamous epithelial proliferation with keratin - filled cyts (horn cysts) - looks pasted on...
Seborrheic keratosis
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Sites of tibial attachment
18. mechanical wear and tear of joints leading to destruction of articular cartilage
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Osteoarthritis
Age - obesity and joint deformity
19. What are the causes of inferior trunk plexus compression and What are the findings
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
Axilla
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Paralysis of abductors
20. locally invasive but rarely mets skin cancer - rolled edges - with central ulceration - cancer and gross path
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
Keratoacanthoma
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
21. What is the primary screening test for lupus
Iliac crest
Vit D def - dec Ca - inc PTH - dec serum phos - reversible when vit D is replaced
Keratoacanthoma
ANA - sensitive but not specific
22. progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness cause by CD8+ T cell induced injury to myofibers - dz - most common area of involvement and pathgnomonic histological finding
Over deltoid
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
23. What is the characteristic appearance of bone - the common translocation - area of - and bones affected
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Melasma (chloasma)
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
24. appreas in 30s to 40s - does not regress
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Cherry hemangioma
25. What are the associations for sjogrens syndrome
Abduct the fingers
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Seborrheic keratosis
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
26. What injury causes injury to the MC nerve and what motor and sensory defs dose it cause
Endochondroma
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
3rd finger
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
27. What are the bone mineralization lab findings in osteopetrosis
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
Cherry hemangioma
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
28. What are characteristic findings of gout
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
Macule
Medial aspect
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
29. Where does cartilage loss begin in osteoarthritis
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
Dysplastic nevus
Medial aspect
30. What is the TX for acute gout
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
31. potentially fatal autoimmune disorder with IgG antibody against desmosomes
Pemphigus vulgaris
Precocious puberty
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Vertebral crush fractures - femoral neck fractures - distal radius (Colles') fracture
32. What is CREST syndrome and What antibody is it associated with
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
33. Other than N. gono - what organisms can cause infectious - septic arthritis
S. aureus - streptococcus
Nevocellular nevus
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Actinic keratosis
34. On the palmar and dorsal sides of the hand - what dermatome covers the 5th finger and the lateral 1/2 of the 4th finger
Osteoporosis
Osteoarthritis
Strawberry hemangioma
Ulnar
35. What is below the epidermis
Pemphigus vulgaris
The dermis
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Actinic keratosis
36. large fluid containing blisters seen in bullous pemphigoid
Bulla
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
NC migration
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
37. immune mediated - widespread - non - caseating granulomas - dz - affected population and elevated serum level
Outer arm
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
38. Sarcoid TX
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
Steroids
Verrucae
39. What syndrome of the NMJ is a paraneoplastic syndrome and What are the antibodies directed against
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Phosphorylated
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
40. What clinical features in vertebral crush fractures
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
Acute back pain - loss of height - and kyphosis
Connects cells to underlying extracellular - bullous pemphigoid
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
41. What is the classic presentation of osteoarthritis
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
Axilla
42. What deformities of the hand are common in RA
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Wheal
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
43. What does injury to the distal ulnar nerve cause
Renal - pulm - CV - GI - 75% female
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
44. dactylitis and pencil in cup deformity on xray - patchy skin rash and joint pain
Age - obesity and joint deformity
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
45. What is TX for osteoporosis
Deep branch of radial nerve
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
Trauma
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
46. What does subscapularis do
Medially rotates and adducts arm
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Verrucae
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
47. anaplastic small blue cell malignant tumor - most common in boys < 15 - dz and prognosis
Acanthosis nigcricans
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
Widespread skin involvment - rapid progression - early visceral involvement
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
48. What organisms can cause chronic infectious arthritis
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Adduct the fingers
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
Carbonic anhydrase II
49. In which gender is gout more common and What does the crystals appear like microscopically
Keloid
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
Radial - BEST extensors - posterior arm and dorsal hand/thumb - wrist drop
50. What causes a lesion in the axillary nerve
Iliac crest
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
Fracture of surgical neck - dislocation of the humerus - intramuscular injections
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis