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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ca2+ released from the SR binds what structure and What does it cause
Osteogenic carcinoma
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Down T tubule
Anti Smith
2. What muscle the long thoracic nerve innervate - What does it do - and when can it be injured
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
Posterior hip dislocation - can't jump - climb stairs or rise from seated positions
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
3. What causes osteomalacia/ricketts - why - and What therapy can reverse the symptoms
Vit D def - dec Ca - inc PTH - dec serum phos - reversible when vit D is replaced
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
Chondrosarcoma
Gout
4. appreas in 30s to 40s - does not regress
ANA - sensitive but not specific
B27 - no RF - males
Lichen planus
Cherry hemangioma
5. Achondroplasia is a failure of what process which results in which characteristic findings
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Pustule
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
6. What do lumbricals do
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
7. What is the most common NMJ disorder - What causes it and What are common symptoms
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
Renal - pulm - CV - GI - 75% female
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
8. What does abnl passive abduction of the knee indicate
Torn MCL
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
Fracture of surgical neck - dislocation of the humerus - intramuscular injections
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
9. What are the lab findings in osteitis fibrosa cystica
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Iliac crest
Elevated ESR and nl CK - prednisone
Axilla
10. Loss of what muslces in Erbs causes the limb to hang by side
Paralysis of abductors
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Ephelis
11. What deformities of the hand are common in RA
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
12. What lesions causes Erb's palsy
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
13. What are the characteristic bone findings in paget's disease
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
Nl - decreased bone mass
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
14. What are defining lab findings for polymyalgia rheumatica and What is the TX
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
Acantholysis
Elevated ESR and nl CK - prednisone
Torn MCL
15. What causes osteoporosis type 1 and When does it typically occur
Anterior interosseous nerve
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
16. What antibody is less sensitive than RF but more specific and What is the HLA association
Verrucae vulgaris
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Elevated ESR and nl CK - prednisone
Chondrosarcoma
17. What causes compression of the C7 nerve root
Dermatitis
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
Cervical disk lesion
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
18. What are predisposing factors for osteosarcoma - xray finding
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19. What antibodies is diffuse scleroderma associated with
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
20. What clinical features in vertebral crush fractures
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
Acute back pain - loss of height - and kyphosis
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
21. What are the lab findings and TX in dermatomyositis
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Patch
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Macule
22. What molecule maintatins integrity of basement membrane and What does it bind
Osteoid osteoma
Osteogenic carcinoma
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Antibodies around cells of the epidermis in a reticular or netlike pattern
23. How is the lower trunk of the brachia plexus injured and what results from it
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24. Warts - soft - tan - colored - cauliflower type lesions - epidermal hyperplasia - hyperkeratosis - koilocytosis
Antibodies around cells of the epidermis in a reticular or netlike pattern
McCune - Albright syndrome
Verrucae
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
25. What are the layers of of the epidermis from surface to base
Macule
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
Pseudogout
26. What are the characterstic joints affected in RA
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
MCP - PIP - no DIP
27. What are the thin lines along the Z line
Medial aspect
Actin
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
Pityriasis rosea
28. What causes the symptoms of MG to worsen - and What is used to diagnose
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
Verrucae
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
29. interlacing trabeculae of woven bone surrounded by osteoblasts
Osteoid osteoma
Paralysis of abductors
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
4th and 5th finger
30. What nerve and branch are stretche by subluxation of the radius
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Plaque
Deep branch of radial nerve
3rd finger
31. What is the precursor to melanom
Dysplastic nevus
Type III - RF
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
The dermis
32. What does soft bones result from and What is the dz called in adults and children
McCune - Albright syndrome
Actinic keratosis
Osteoarthritis
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
33. inc thickness of stratum corneum seen in psoriasis
Pustule
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
Hyperkeratosis
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
34. Where do sebhorrheic keratosis lesions occur and in who
Pagets dz - bone infarcts - radiation - familial retinoblastoma - codman's triangle or sunburst pattern from elevation of periosteum - poor prognsosis
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
35. What are the bone mineral lab findings in paget's disease
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
36. irregular raised lesion resulting from scar tissue hypertrophy - follows trauma to skin - common to african americans see in T. pertenue (yaws)
Acute back pain - loss of height - and kyphosis
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Keloid
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
37. hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in stratum corneum seen in psoriasis
Melasma (chloasma)
Deep branch of radial nerve
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
Parakeratosis
38. bone replaced by fibroblasts and irregular bony trabeculae affecting many bones
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
Proximal median nerve lesion - loss of opponens pollicis muscle fxn leading to unopposoble thumb
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
39. What form of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia has multiple unilateral bones lesions associated with endocrine abnl and unilateral pigmented skin lesions - caf
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
McCune - Albright syndrome
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
40. dried exudates from a vesicle - bulla or pustule seen impetigo
Crust
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Endochondroma
Verrucae
41. irregular areas of complete depigmentation - condition and cause
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
Osteoid osteoma
Dermatitis
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
42. Where is T2 dermatome
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
Biceps
Rheumatoid arthritis
Axilla
43. What development failure can results in albinism
Median nerve
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Tear of the ACL
NC migration
44. What nerve is injured by a superficial laceration of the hand
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Torn MCL
ACH esterase inhibitors - edrophonium test - improvement of sx after edro means the patient is underdosed
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
45. pruritic eruption - commonly on skin flexures - of associated with asthma - allergic rhinitis
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Antibodies around cells of the epidermis in a reticular or netlike pattern
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
46. immune mediated - widespread - non - caseating granulomas - dz - affected population and elevated serum level
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Ulnar nerve
Verrucae
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
47. anaplastic small blue cell malignant tumor - most common in boys < 15 - dz and prognosis
Verrucae
Precocious puberty
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
48. What are the possible origins of the paget's disease
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Actinic keratosis
49. What happens at the postsynaptic motor end plate
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Teres minor
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
50. Where are most osteoid osteoma found and In what population
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
Anti - histone