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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What percent of these mutations occur sporadically and what parental feature are they associated with
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
Hyperkeratosis
85% - advanced paternal age - or auto dominant inheritance
2. When do acute attacks of gout typically occur
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Adduct the fingers
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Binds myosin head and releases actin filament allowing cross - bridge cycling and shortening to occur
3. What nerve is injured in a fracutre of the hook of hamate
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
Type 2
Ulnar nerve
4. What is a positive Nikolsky's sign
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
Acanthosis nigcricans
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Ulnar nerve
5. What is the primary screening test for lupus
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
6. What test if specific for lupus but doesn't indicate prognosis
Actin
Anti Smith
NC migration
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
7. What happens at the gap jxn and what molecules create them
Posterior cord
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
Lung
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
8. inc thickness of stratum corneum seen in psoriasis
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
Hyperkeratosis
Sudden appearance of multiple sebhorrheic keratosis lesions indicating underlying lesions - GI or lymphoid
9. In longitudinal bone growth - what model is made first (and By what cell) and What is it later replaced by (and By what cells) - process name
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
10. Which muscle laterally rotates and adducts arm
Type III - RF
Scleroderma
Teres minor
Paralysis of abductors
11. What supplies innervation to the thenar muscles
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Subclavius
Axillary nerve
12. What nerve is injured by a superficial laceration of the hand
Vertebral crush fractures - femoral neck fractures - distal radius (Colles') fracture
Vit D def - dec Ca - inc PTH - dec serum phos - reversible when vit D is replaced
Myosin releases bound ADP and is displaced on the actin filament
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
13. What TX prophylax against osteoporisi
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
Pityriasis rosea
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
14. Where does cartilage loss begin in osteoarthritis
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Medial aspect
Dermatitis
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
15. What does the positive anterior drawer sign test indicate
Teres minor
Tear of the ACL
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
16. elevated skin lesion <1cm seen in acne vulgaris
Steroids
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
Papule
Rheumatoid arthritis
17. What are the common perpetrating infections for Reiters syndrome
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
18. What are the signs of ulnar nerve injury
19. Trauma to lateral aspect of leg or fibula neck fracture - nerve - motor and sens def
Median - lateral finger and wrist flexion - dorsal palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers/thenar eminence - ape hand - carpal tunnel syndrome
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
20. Decrease marrow space in osteopetrosis leads to what?
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
The dermis
21. What are the predisposing factors for osteoarthritis
Interossei and adductor policis
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Age - obesity and joint deformity
22. MG is associated with what neoplasm
Thymoma
Adduct the fingers
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
Macule
23. What is the TX for chronic gout
MCP - PIP - no DIP
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
24. What causes heart failure in with Paget's disease
Osteoblastoma
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
25. What is contained within epithelial granulomas of pts with sarcoid
Median - lateral finger and wrist flexion - dorsal palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers/thenar eminence - ape hand - carpal tunnel syndrome
Papule
Pagets dz - bone infarcts - radiation - familial retinoblastoma - codman's triangle or sunburst pattern from elevation of periosteum - poor prognsosis
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
26. excessive fibrosis and collagen deposition throughout the body - common in skin manifesting as puffy taut skin with absence of wrinkles
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
Scleroderma
Subclavius
27. What antibody is less sensitive than RF but more specific and What is the HLA association
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
28. What injury causes injury to the MC nerve and what motor and sensory defs dose it cause
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
Elevated ESR and nl CK - prednisone
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
29. What nerve is injured in a posterior hip dislocation or polio and What are the motor defs
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Ulnar nerve - intrinsic muscles of hand
Cervical disk lesion
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
30. What causes the symptoms of MG to worsen - and What is used to diagnose
Albinism
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
31. What causes golf or tennis elbow
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Pseudogout
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
32. What is below the epidermis
The dermis
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
33. In skeletal and smooth muscle contraction - when Ca2+ enters the cytoplasm - What does it do
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
Deep branch of radial nerve
Pagets dz - bone infarcts - radiation - familial retinoblastoma - codman's triangle or sunburst pattern from elevation of periosteum - poor prognsosis
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
34. Anterior hip dislocation causes injury to what nerve and What are the motor and sensory defs
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
35. Thenar eminence - nerve and muscles
Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion - ulnar claw hand - pope's blessing
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
Palisading
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
36. What happens at the postsynaptic motor end plate
Anti - histone
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Glucocorticoids
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
37. What kind of nuclei do basal cell tumors have
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
Palisading
38. Other than characteristic joints and subQ nodules - What are the other findings classicly in RA
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Pemphigus vulgaris
39. What kind of injury can cause damage to the inferior gluteal nerve and What can it cause
40. bening cartilaginous neoplasm found in intramedullary bone - usually distal extremities
Endochondroma
Precocious puberty
Ulnar
Rigor mortis
41. What is the sensory def of an ulnar nerve injury
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
NC migration
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
42. Which muscle fiber type is slow twitch and why are fibers red
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Parakeratosis
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
Dermatitis herpetiformis
43. What variant of squamous cells carcinoma of the skin grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
Ulnar nerve
Age - obesity and joint deformity
Keratoacanthoma
44. which muscle type is fast twitch and why are fibers white
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Keloid
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
Acantholysis
45. mechanical wear and tear of joints leading to destruction of articular cartilage
Osteoarthritis
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
46. What disease is caused by autoantibodies to desomosmes - What area of the cell would it occur - and what molecules are connecting
Nl - decreased bone mass
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
3rd finger
47. yellow when parallel and blue when perpendicular
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
HI shrinks - A stays same
Gout
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
48. 2nd most malignant tumor of bone - men 10-20 - cancer - and primary malignant tumor bone
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Anti - histone
49. Flat discloration <1cm seen in tinea versicolor
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
Macule
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
50. What nerve is compressed by supracondylar fracture of humerus
Median nerve
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Albinism
Scleroderma