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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the the common causes of Erb palsy - and What are the associated findings
Type III - RF
Keloid
Posterior hip dislocation - can't jump - climb stairs or rise from seated positions
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
2. What happens in the power stroke of skeletal muscle contraction
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
Teres minor
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
3. inc thickness of stratum corneum seen in psoriasis
Hyperkeratosis
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
Osteoid osteoma
4. What lesion causes wrist drop
Posterior cord
Gout
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Nl - decreased bone mass
5. What are the common perpetrating infections for Reiters syndrome
Osteoarthritis
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
6. What is the classic presentation of RA
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
7. malignant cartilaginous tumor in men 30 to 60 - Name and common location
Strawberry hemangioma
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
Teres minor
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
8. Which muscle fiber type is slow twitch and why are fibers red
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Macule
9. immune mediated - widespread - non - caseating granulomas - dz - affected population and elevated serum level
Osteoarthritis
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
10. What nerve is injured in a posterior hip dislocation or polio and What are the motor defs
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
11. What are the lab findings in osteomalacia/rickets
Renal - pulm - CV - GI - 75% female
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
12. What variant of squamous cells carcinoma of the skin grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously
Keratoacanthoma
Dermatitis
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
Torn MCL
13. pruritic - purple - polygonal papules - sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal - epidermal jxn - associated with hep C
Bulla
Lichen planus
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
14. pruritic papules and vesicles - deposits of IgA a the tips of dermal papillae - associated with celiac
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
Keratoacanthoma
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
Dermatitis herpetiformis
15. What are the histo findings in an osteoclastoma
Anterior interosseous nerve
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
Musculocutaneous
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
16. what changes are seen in stratum spinosum and granulosum in psoriasis
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion - ulnar claw hand - pope's blessing
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Acanthosis
17. What do xray show in osteopetrosis and What do potential CN abnl result from
Erythema nodosum
Type III - RF
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
18. What development failure can results in albinism
Median nerve
NC migration
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
19. Decrease marrow space in osteopetrosis leads to what?
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
20. skin cancer associatd associated with excessive exposure to sunlight and arsenic
Albinism
Macule
Glucocorticoids
Squamous cell carcinoma
21. Seronegative spondyloarthropathis have what HLA association - and why are they seronegative - and who do they more often occur in
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
B27 - no RF - males
22. What do pseudogout crystals appear like microscopically
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
Erythema nodosum
Gout
Cervical disk lesion
23. What form of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia has multiple unilateral bones lesions associated with endocrine abnl and unilateral pigmented skin lesions - caf
Median nerve - lunate bone
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
McCune - Albright syndrome
24. What are the borders of the superficial branch of the radial nerve dermatone
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
25. Ca2+ released from the SR binds what structure and What does it cause
S. aureus - streptococcus
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Dysplastic nevus
26. What muscles of the shoulder form the rotator cuff
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
27. What are the characterstic joints affected in RA
MCP - PIP - no DIP
Binds myosin head and releases actin filament allowing cross - bridge cycling and shortening to occur
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Vit D def - dec Ca - inc PTH - dec serum phos - reversible when vit D is replaced
28. What lesions causes Erb's palsy
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Vit D def - dec Ca - inc PTH - dec serum phos - reversible when vit D is replaced
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
29. acute painful spreading infxn of dermis and subQ tissues - condition and orgs
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
30. On the palmar side of the hand - what dermatone covers the most of the thumb - 2nd - 3rd - and medial half of the 4th digits and What does it cover on the dorsal side
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
Teres minor
31. anaplastic small blue cell malignant tumor - most common in boys < 15 - dz and prognosis
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
Trauma
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
32. What medication is contraindicated in osteoporosis
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Glucocorticoids
33. Where does the muscle contraction travel after leaving the motor end plate
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Down T tubule
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
Steroids
34. What does PED and Tip stand for
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35. larger osteoid osteoma found in vertebral column
Osteoblastoma
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
36. What do the lumbrical muscles do
Down T tubule
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
Nl - decreased bone mass
Flex at the MCP
37. epi of SLE
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
Teres minor
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Dermatitis herpetiformis
38. What does injury to the distal ulnar nerve cause
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Bulla
39. Administration of what kind of compound causes reversal of symptoms and What is used to distringuish under from over dosing
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
ACH esterase inhibitors - edrophonium test - improvement of sx after edro means the patient is underdosed
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
40. What kind of bone tumor is associated with FAP and What is the finding
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
41. What lesion causes claw hand and What are the muscles involved
Median nerve
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
Ulnar nerve - intrinsic muscles of hand
Acanthosis
42. What molecule maintatins integrity of basement membrane and What does it bind
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
Torn MCL
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
43. What protects the brachial plexus in clavicle fracture
Subclavius
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
Ephelis
44. What does abnl passive abduction of the knee indicate
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Adduct the fingers
Nl - decreased bone mass
Torn MCL
45. What are the subQ rheumatoid nodules made of...
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Ephelis
46. What other lesion can cause the appearnce of the ulnar claw
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Actin
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
Thymoma
47. On the palmar and dorsal sides of the hand - what dermatome covers the 5th finger and the lateral 1/2 of the 4th finger
Pseudogout
Ulnar
Vesicle
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
48. What antibodies is diffuse scleroderma associated with
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
49. What are the lab findings and TX in dermatomyositis
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
50. thickened - dense bones that are prone to fracture - dz and primary defect
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Myosin light chain phosphotase