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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. locally invasive but rarely mets skin cancer - rolled edges - with central ulceration - cancer and gross path
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Torn MCL
Osteoporosis
Connects cells to underlying extracellular - bullous pemphigoid
2. Contraction results in shortening of what bands - and what band remains the same length
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
HI shrinks - A stays same
NC migration
Nevocellular nevus
3. What are the signs of ulnar nerve injury
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4. What do anterior and posterior in ACL and PCL refer to...
Sites of tibial attachment
HI shrinks - A stays same
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
Anti - histone
5. What do the lumbrical muscles do
85% - advanced paternal age - or auto dominant inheritance
Flex at the MCP
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
6. What muscle the long thoracic nerve innervate - What does it do - and when can it be injured
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Nl - decreased bone mass
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
7. What are the motor defs of a proximal ulnar nerve injury
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
8. What is CREST syndrome and What antibody is it associated with
Hyperkeratosis
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
9. Which muscle is the most common rotator cuff injury and What does it do
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
4th and 5th finger
Down T tubule
10. Achondroplasia is a failure of what process which results in which characteristic findings
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
Posterior cord
Dermatitis
11. Very superfiicial skin infection - honey colored crusting - very contagious - condition and organisms
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
Biceps
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
Antibodies around cells of the epidermis in a reticular or netlike pattern
12. What causes heart failure in with Paget's disease
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
B27 - no RF - males
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
13. mechanical wear and tear of joints leading to destruction of articular cartilage
Osteoarthritis
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
Osteoblastoma
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
14. loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the medial rotation
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
15. What causes osteoporosis type 1 and When does it typically occur
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
Anterior interosseous nerve
Keloid
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
16. flat - greasy - pigmented - squamous epithelial proliferation with keratin - filled cyts (horn cysts) - looks pasted on...
Seborrheic keratosis
Macule
Keratoacanthoma
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
17. Loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the forearm to be pronated
Biceps
Iliac crest
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
GC and cGMP and inhibition of MLCK
18. Tumor occuring mostly at epiphyseal end of long bones - occuring btw 20 and 40 - locally aggressive bening tumor around distal femur and proximal tibia - tumor and characteristic xray findings
Posterior cord
Paralysis of abductors
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
19. What is the most common NMJ disorder - What causes it and What are common symptoms
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Down T tubule
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
20. What cancer in particular are associated with LE syndrome - what happens to symptoms with muscle use or ACH esterase inhibs
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
Macule
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
Small cell cancer of the lung - improve with muscle use - no change with ACHE inhibs
21. What nerve is injured by a superficial laceration of the hand
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
Macule
22. premalignant lesions caused by sun exposure - small rough - erythematous or brownish papules - cutaenous horns - Name and risk of carcinoma
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
Down T tubule
Ulnar
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
23. What kind of endocrine abnl are associated with McCune Albright
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Precocious puberty
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
24. pruritic - purple - polygonal papules - sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal - epidermal jxn - associated with hep C
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Lichen planus
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
Pseudogout
25. What is the test for drug induced lupus
Anti - histone
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Connects cells to underlying extracellular - bullous pemphigoid
26. Thenar eminence - nerve and muscles
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
Seborrheic keratosis
27. What molecule maintatins integrity of basement membrane and What does it bind
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
Trauma
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
28. What autoantibodies are formed in sjogrens syndrome
Dermatitis
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
29. What test if specific for lupus but doesn't indicate prognosis
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
Anti Smith
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
30. Other than characteristic joints and subQ nodules - What are the other findings classicly in RA
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
Melasma (chloasma)
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
31. What is the Auspitz sign
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
Musculocutaneous
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
32. What lesion causes wrist drop
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
Large goints (knee)
Posterior cord
33. precipitation of monosodium urate crystals into joints due to hyperuricemia
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Gout
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
34. Where does the muscle contraction travel after leaving the motor end plate
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
Down T tubule
Adduct the fingers
35. In longitudinal bone growth - what model is made first (and By what cell) and What is it later replaced by (and By what cells) - process name
Axillary nerve
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
36. Anterior hip dislocation causes injury to what nerve and What are the motor and sensory defs
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
Wheal
37. What is TX for osteoporosis
McCune - Albright syndrome
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
Interossei and adductor policis
38. In which gender is gout more common and What does the crystals appear like microscopically
Medially rotates and adducts arm
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
39. What are the systemic symptoms found in RA
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
Musculocutaneous
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
40. What are the causes of inferior trunk plexus compression and What are the findings
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
Lichen planus
Squamous cell carcinoma
41. What does I'M DAMN SHARP stand for
ACH esterase inhibitors - edrophonium test - improvement of sx after edro means the patient is underdosed
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Palisading
Paralysis of lateral rotators
42. What nerve is injured in a fracutre of the hook of hamate
Dermatitis
Ulnar nerve
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
43. What nerve is injured by a fracture of the epicondyle of humerus or repeated minor traumas
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
Thymoma
Ulnar nerve
Myosin releases bound ADP and is displaced on the actin filament
44. hyperplasia of stratum spinosum - associated with hyperinsulinemia (cushings - DM) and visceral malignancy
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
Acanthosis nigcricans
45. What is a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Macule
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
Actinic keratosis
46. What happens in the power stroke of skeletal muscle contraction
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
47. warts on genitals
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Posterior hip dislocation - can't jump - climb stairs or rise from seated positions
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
Albinism
48. What is the source of osteoblast cells
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
49. What lesion causes dec in thumb fxn 'ape hand'
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
Median nerve
Erythema nodosum
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
50. deep tissue injury - crepitus from methane and CO2 production 'flesh eating bacteria' - condition and orgs
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
Palisading
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes