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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
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Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What lesion causes total claw (klumpke's hand)
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
2. bening cartilaginous neoplasm found in intramedullary bone - usually distal extremities
Endochondroma
GC and cGMP and inhibition of MLCK
Strawberry hemangioma
Abduct the fingers
3. What lesion causes difficulty flexing elbow with variable sensory loss
Osteoid osteoma
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Musculocutaneous
Small cell cancer of the lung - improve with muscle use - no change with ACHE inhibs
4. What are the predisposing factors for osteoarthritis
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Anti Smith
Age - obesity and joint deformity
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
5. acute painful spreading infxn of dermis and subQ tissues - condition and orgs
Anti Smith
Psoriasis
Posterior cord
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
6. normal melanocyte number with dec melanin production due to inactivity of tyrosine
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
Fracture of surgical neck - dislocation of the humerus - intramuscular injections
Albinism
7. What nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome or a disclocation of this bone
Median nerve - lunate bone
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Large goints (knee)
Precocious puberty
8. What happens in the power stroke of skeletal muscle contraction
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
4th and 5th finger
S. aureus - streptococcus
Cherry hemangioma
9. What is the classic presentation of osteoarthritis
Paralysis of abductors
Chondrosarcoma
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
10. fever - bulla formation and necrosis - sloughing of skin and high mortality - syndrome and associations
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Chondrosarcoma
Medially rotates and adducts arm
11. What muscle the long thoracic nerve innervate - What does it do - and when can it be injured
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Chondrosarcoma
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
12. What causes compression of the C7 nerve root
Cervical disk lesion
Scleroderma
Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion - ulnar claw hand - pope's blessing
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
13. What are the subQ rheumatoid nodules made of...
Age - obesity and joint deformity
Glucocorticoids
Anti - histone
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
14. premalignant lesions caused by sun exposure - small rough - erythematous or brownish papules - cutaenous horns - Name and risk of carcinoma
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Down T tubule
The dermis
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
15. Where does squamous cell carcinoma of the skin typically appear - What is the histo - prognosis - and associations
HI shrinks - A stays same
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
16. pruritic papules and vesicles - deposits of IgA a the tips of dermal papillae - associated with celiac
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Median nerve
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
17. What lesion causes claw hand and What are the muscles involved
Age - obesity and joint deformity
Pustule
Ulnar nerve - intrinsic muscles of hand
Long thoracic nerve
18. What does I'M DAMN SHARP stand for
Posterior hip dislocation - can't jump - climb stairs or rise from seated positions
Wheal
Verrucae vulgaris
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
19. What kind of hypersens rxn is RA - and what serum marker is present in 80% of RA pts
Verrucae
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Type III - RF
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
20. Why does EtOH consumption precipitate gout
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
Vertebral crush fractures - femoral neck fractures - distal radius (Colles') fracture
21. What is CREST syndrome and What antibody is it associated with
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
22. What protects the brachial plexus in clavicle fracture
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
Subclavius
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
Antibodies around cells of the epidermis in a reticular or netlike pattern
23. What lesions causes Erb's palsy
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
Vit D def - dec Ca - inc PTH - dec serum phos - reversible when vit D is replaced
Axillary nerve
24. What are predisposing factors for osteosarcoma - xray finding
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25. What is below the epidermis
Median - lateral finger and wrist flexion - dorsal palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers/thenar eminence - ape hand - carpal tunnel syndrome
Dysplastic nevus
The dermis
Median nerve
26. dactylitis and pencil in cup deformity on xray - patchy skin rash and joint pain
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
27. How does the radial nerve in the spiral groove become injured
Cherry hemangioma
Parakeratosis
Osteoid osteoma
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
28. What does injury to the distal median nerve cause
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29. Depolarizaition causes what voltage sensitive receptor coupled to what other receptor to induce a conformational change In what structure - releasing what?
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
Osteoarthritis
Elevated ESR and nl CK - prednisone
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
30. What test if specific for lupus but doesn't indicate prognosis
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
Anti Smith
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
31. Where does cartilage loss begin in osteoarthritis
Flex at the MCP
Verrucae vulgaris
Medial aspect
HI shrinks - A stays same
32. flat - greasy - pigmented - squamous epithelial proliferation with keratin - filled cyts (horn cysts) - looks pasted on...
Seborrheic keratosis
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Thymoma
33. What variant of squamous cells carcinoma of the skin grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Crust
Keratoacanthoma
Ulnar nerve
34. precipitation of monosodium urate crystals into joints due to hyperuricemia
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
Gout
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
35. What enzyme is necessary for smooth muscle relaxation after contraction
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
36. Decrease marrow space in osteopetrosis leads to what?
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
37. What are the lab findings in pagets disease
Urticaria
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
38. transiet vesicle seen in hives
Wheal
Papule
Adductor policis brevis
Verrucae vulgaris
39. mechanical wear and tear of joints leading to destruction of articular cartilage
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
Osteoarthritis
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
40. What clinical features in vertebral crush fractures
Increase in both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
Acute back pain - loss of height - and kyphosis
Keloid
41. blister containing pus
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Cervical disk lesion
Pemphigus vulgaris
Pustule
42. Anterior hip dislocation causes injury to what nerve and What are the motor and sensory defs
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
Widespread skin involvment - rapid progression - early visceral involvement
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
43. How is the lower trunk of the brachia plexus injured and what results from it
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44. What are the motor defs of a proximal ulnar nerve injury
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
45. What cancer in particular are associated with LE syndrome - what happens to symptoms with muscle use or ACH esterase inhibs
Small cell cancer of the lung - improve with muscle use - no change with ACHE inhibs
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
46. osteochondrosis has rare malignant transformation into what cancer
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
Cherry hemangioma
Widespread skin involvment - rapid progression - early visceral involvement
Chondrosarcoma
47. Damage to what 3 structures is common for the unhappy triad
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
Wheal
Osteoblastoma
48. Pain and stiffness in shoulders and hips - fever malaise and weight loss - no weakness - pts over 50 - associated with HA and jaw pain
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
49. papules and plaques with silvery scaling - especially on knees and elbows - acanthosis with parakeratotic scaling (nuclei sill in stratun corneum - nail pitting and arthritis
Psoriasis
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Osteochondroma - exostosis
50. What is the sign of Leser - Trelat
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
Sudden appearance of multiple sebhorrheic keratosis lesions indicating underlying lesions - GI or lymphoid
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
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