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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What test if specific for lupus but doesn't indicate prognosis
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
Anti Smith
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
Patch
2. subchondreal cysts - sclerosis - osteophytes - joint space narrowing - eburnation - hebereden's nodes (DIP) bouchard nodes (PIP) - characteristic findings of this dz
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
Widespread skin involvment - rapid progression - early visceral involvement
Osteoarthritis
3. What lesion causes difficulty flexing elbow with variable sensory loss
Musculocutaneous
Squamous cell carcinoma
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
4. What lesion causes winged scapula
Torn MCL
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
Urticaria
Long thoracic nerve
5. What do palmar interosseous muscles do
Adductor policis brevis
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
Adduct the fingers
6. When do acute attacks of gout typically occur
Medially rotates and adducts arm
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Abduct the fingers
7. What TX prophylax against osteoporisi
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
8. Where is C4 dermatome
Anti - histone
Over deltoid
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
9. skin cancer associatd associated with excessive exposure to sunlight and arsenic
Osteoid osteoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Pustule
10. What is the clinically important landmark for pubendal nerve block and When is it used
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
11. What do pseudogout crystals appear like microscopically
Radial - BEST extensors - posterior arm and dorsal hand/thumb - wrist drop
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
Lung
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
12. What are the motor defs of a proximal ulnar nerve injury
Type 2
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
Anterior interosseous nerve
Verrucae vulgaris
13. warts on hands
Verrucae vulgaris
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Gout
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
14. What nerve is injured by a fracture of the epicondyle of humerus or repeated minor traumas
Ulnar nerve
Medially rotates and adducts arm
Abduct the fingers
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
15. What are the potential causes of gout
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16. What is the classic presentation of RA
Pustule
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
17. In longitudinal bone growth - what model is made first (and By what cell) and What is it later replaced by (and By what cells) - process name
Osteoporosis
Ephelis
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
18. What other lesion can cause the appearnce of the ulnar claw
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Over deltoid
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
19. Tumor occuring mostly at epiphyseal end of long bones - occuring btw 20 and 40 - locally aggressive bening tumor around distal femur and proximal tibia - tumor and characteristic xray findings
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
20. What kind of endocrine abnl are associated with McCune Albright
Precocious puberty
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Squamous cell carcinoma
21. How is chondrosarcoma described
GC and cGMP and inhibition of MLCK
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
22. What are the lab findings in osteopetrosis
Nl - thickened dense bones
Wheal
Torn MCL
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
23. premalignant lesions caused by sun exposure - small rough - erythematous or brownish papules - cutaenous horns - Name and risk of carcinoma
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
Gout
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
24. Which type of muscle fiber is hypertrophied during weight training
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
Nevocellular nevus
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
Type 2
25. heliotrope rash 'shawl and face' rash - Gotton's papules - 'mechanic's hands'
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
Dermatomyositis
Medial aspect
26. What nerve is injured in a posterior hip dislocation or polio and What are the motor defs
Anterior interosseous nerve
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
The dermis
Albinism
27. What are the borders of the superficial branch of the radial nerve dermatone
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
Dorsal side of lateral hand - most of lateral surface of the thumb - no digits
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
28. In a fracture of the midshaft of the humerus - or extended compression of axilla - nerve - motor - sensory - sign
Radial - BEST extensors - posterior arm and dorsal hand/thumb - wrist drop
Pseudogout
Squamous cell carcinoma
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
29. bening cartilaginous neoplasm found in intramedullary bone - usually distal extremities
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Ulnar nerve
Endochondroma
30. What medication is contraindicated in osteoporosis
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Glucocorticoids
Subclavius
31. What are the predisposing factors for osteoarthritis
Age - obesity and joint deformity
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
Median nerve - lunate bone
Dermatitis
32. dactylitis and pencil in cup deformity on xray - patchy skin rash and joint pain
Cervical disk lesion
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
Ulnar nerve - intrinsic muscles of hand
The dermis
33. What deformities of the hand are common in RA
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
Osteoporosis
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
34. What are characteristic findings of gout
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Ephelis
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
35. What are the histo findings in an osteoclastoma
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
Deep branch of radial nerve
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
Post GI infxn or chlamydia
36. What nerve become injured in the incorrect use of a crutch
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
Pseudogout
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Parakeratosis
37. Where does cartilage loss begin in osteoarthritis
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
Medial aspect
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Fracture of surgical neck - dislocation of the humerus - intramuscular injections
38. precipitation of monosodium urate crystals into joints due to hyperuricemia
Type 2
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Adductor policis brevis
Gout
39. What are defining lab findings for polymyalgia rheumatica and What is the TX
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Elevated ESR and nl CK - prednisone
Phosphorylated
The dermis
40. Decrease marrow space in osteopetrosis leads to what?
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
ACH esterase inhibitors - edrophonium test - improvement of sx after edro means the patient is underdosed
41. Which muscle fiber type is slow twitch and why are fibers red
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
Osteogenic carcinoma
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
42. What nerve is injured in a fracutre of the hook of hamate
Precocious puberty
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Ulnar nerve
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
43. Very superfiicial skin infection - honey colored crusting - very contagious - condition and organisms
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Sites of tibial attachment
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
44. What nerve is injured in a fracture of the medial epicondyle of humerus - and What is a more distal lesion injuring the same nerve
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
Nl - decreased bone mass
Seborrheic keratosis
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
45. What organisms can cause chronic infectious arthritis
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
Median nerve - lunate bone
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Axilla
46. What are the causes of inferior trunk plexus compression and What are the findings
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
47. What does injury to the distal median nerve cause
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48. What happens at the postsynaptic motor end plate
Bulla
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Osteogenic carcinoma
49. MG is associated with what neoplasm
Flex the MCP joints and extend both the DIP and PIP joints
Thymoma
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
Nl - decreased bone mass
50. What is the precursor to melanom
Dysplastic nevus
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
Integrin binds laminin in BM