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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. irregular raised lesion resulting from scar tissue hypertrophy - follows trauma to skin - common to african americans see in T. pertenue (yaws)
Long thoracic nerve
Cherry hemangioma
Radial nerve
Keloid
2. What nerve is injured by a superficial laceration of the hand
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
B27 - no RF - males
Palisading
Osteoid osteoma
3. What deformities of the hand are common in RA
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
HI shrinks - A stays same
4. Where does squamous cell carcinoma of the skin typically appear - What is the histo - prognosis - and associations
Adductor policis brevis
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
5. What is the precursor to melanom
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Dysplastic nevus
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
6. dried exudates from a vesicle - bulla or pustule seen impetigo
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
Crust
7. Where do sebhorrheic keratosis lesions occur and in who
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
Ephelis
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
8. freckle - normal number of melanocytes - inc melanin pigment
Ephelis
Steroids
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
9. Autoimmune disorder with IgG antibody against hemidesmosomes - dz - IM - other findings
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10. what changes are seen in stratum spinosum and granulosum in psoriasis
Keloid
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
11. What do pseudogout crystals appear like microscopically
Osteoarthritis
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
12. exotoxin destroys keratinocyte attachments in the stratum granulosum - fever - generalized erythematous rash with sloughing of the upper layers of the dermis - newborns and children
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Biceps
13. What test if specific for lupus but doesn't indicate prognosis
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Binds myosin head and releases actin filament allowing cross - bridge cycling and shortening to occur
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
Anti Smith
14. What causes osteoporosis type 1 and When does it typically occur
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
Steroids
15. Which muscle is the most common rotator cuff injury and What does it do
Interossei and adductor policis
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Pseudogout
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
16. What does IM reveal in pemphigus vulgaris
Bulla
Cherry hemangioma
Antibodies around cells of the epidermis in a reticular or netlike pattern
Increase in both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
17. Reduction of primarily trabecular (spongy) bone mass despite nl bone mineralization lab values
Osteoporosis
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Age - obesity and joint deformity
18. What are common features of lupus
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
Osteoarthritis
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Acanthosis
19. What is the sensory def of an ulnar nerve injury
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
Type 2
Keratoacanthoma
20. What causes compression of the C7 nerve root
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
Cervical disk lesion
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Adduct the fingers
21. inflammatory lesions of subQ fat - usually on anterior shins - associated with coccidioidomycosis - histoplasmosis - TB - leprosy - streptoccocal infxn - sarcoid
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Erythema nodosum
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Parakeratosis
22. What syndrome of the NMJ is a paraneoplastic syndrome and What are the antibodies directed against
Vertebral crush fractures - femoral neck fractures - distal radius (Colles') fracture
Anemia - thrombocytopenia - infection - extramedullary hematopoiesis
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
23. papules and plaques with silvery scaling - especially on knees and elbows - acanthosis with parakeratotic scaling (nuclei sill in stratun corneum - nail pitting and arthritis
Keloid
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Psoriasis
Binds myosin head and releases actin filament allowing cross - bridge cycling and shortening to occur
24. What do palmar interosseous muscles do
Adduct the fingers
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Keratoacanthoma
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
25. What are the lab findings and TX in dermatomyositis
Squamous cell carcinoma
Myosin releases bound ADP and is displaced on the actin filament
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
26. Where is T2 dermatome
Pustule
Axilla
Radial - BEST extensors - posterior arm and dorsal hand/thumb - wrist drop
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
27. Loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the forearm to be pronated
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Biceps
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
28. immune mediated - widespread - non - caseating granulomas - dz - affected population and elevated serum level
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Pseudogout
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
29. premalignant lesions caused by sun exposure - small rough - erythematous or brownish papules - cutaenous horns - Name and risk of carcinoma
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
Pityriasis rosea
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
30. Who does osteoporosis type 2 effect
Glucocorticoids
Loss of lateral lumbrical fxn - 2nd and 3d digits are clawed and can't extend
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
31. What autoantibodies are formed in sjogrens syndrome
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
Ribonucleoprotein antigents - SS- A and SS- B (Ro and La)
Vesicle
Median nerve
32. appreas in 30s to 40s - does not regress
Vit D def - dec Ca - inc PTH - dec serum phos - reversible when vit D is replaced
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
85% - advanced paternal age - or auto dominant inheritance
Cherry hemangioma
33. What are the lab findings in osteoporosis
Bulla
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Nl - decreased bone mass
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
34. What muscles of the shoulder form the rotator cuff
Large goints (knee)
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
35. What is the tumor marker for melanoma - who is at risk - what correlates with risk of metastasis and What is the gross path
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
36. Where does cartilage loss begin in osteoarthritis
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
Pseudogout
Medial aspect
Acanthosis
37. What kind of hypersens rxn is RA - and what serum marker is present in 80% of RA pts
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Type III - RF
HI shrinks - A stays same
38. What injury causes injury to the MC nerve and what motor and sensory defs dose it cause
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
39. What are the lab findings in osteomalacia/rickets
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Radial nerve
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
40. What lesion causes difficulty flexing elbow with variable sensory loss
Subclavius
Vertebral crush fractures - femoral neck fractures - distal radius (Colles') fracture
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
Musculocutaneous
41. What associations go along with sarcoidosis
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42. Administration of what kind of compound causes reversal of symptoms and What is used to distringuish under from over dosing
ACH esterase inhibitors - edrophonium test - improvement of sx after edro means the patient is underdosed
Musculocutaneous
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
43. interlacing trabeculae of woven bone surrounded by osteoblasts
Osteoid osteoma
Small cell cancer of the lung - improve with muscle use - no change with ACHE inhibs
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
Posterior cord
44. precipitation of monosodium urate crystals into joints due to hyperuricemia
Gout
Deep branch of radial nerve
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
45. warts on genitals
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Pseudogout
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
46. Deposition of calcium pyrophosphate cyrstals within the joint space
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
Pseudogout
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
47. What supplies innervation to the thenar muscles
Dermatitis herpetiformis
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
False positives on syphillis test (RPR/VRDL) due to antiphospholipid antibodies - cross react with cardiolipin
48. subchondreal cysts - sclerosis - osteophytes - joint space narrowing - eburnation - hebereden's nodes (DIP) bouchard nodes (PIP) - characteristic findings of this dz
Osteoarthritis
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Over deltoid
Albinism
49. progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness cause by CD8+ T cell induced injury to myofibers - dz - most common area of involvement and pathgnomonic histological finding
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
50. What other lesion can cause the appearnce of the ulnar claw
Precocious puberty
S. aureus - streptococcus
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion