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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In longitudinal bone growth - what model is made first (and By what cell) and What is it later replaced by (and By what cells) - process name
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Osteoporosis
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
ANA - sensitive but not specific
2. pruritic papules and vesicles - deposits of IgA a the tips of dermal papillae - associated with celiac
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Osteogenic carcinoma
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Dermatitis herpetiformis
3. skin cancer associatd associated with excessive exposure to sunlight and arsenic
Gout
Over deltoid
Squamous cell carcinoma
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
4. Autoimmune disorder with IgG antibody against hemidesmosomes - dz - IM - other findings
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5. In which form is myosin light chain active
Connects cells to underlying extracellular - bullous pemphigoid
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
Phosphorylated
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
6. What are predisposing factors for osteosarcoma - xray finding
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7. What kind of nuclei do basal cell tumors have
Bulla
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Palisading
8. What are the signs of ulnar nerve injury
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9. What nerve is injured in a fracutre of the hook of hamate
Phosphorylated
Antibodies around cells of the epidermis in a reticular or netlike pattern
Ulnar nerve
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
10. What is the sensory def of an ulnar nerve injury
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
Verrucae
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
11. What nerve controls ab and adduction of the interossei muscles and What does it for the thumb and 4th and 5th lumbricals
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
12. What medication is contraindicated in osteoporosis
Biceps
Acute back pain - loss of height - and kyphosis
Glucocorticoids
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
13. When do acute attacks of gout typically occur
Outer arm
Nl - thickened dense bones
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
14. Very superfiicial skin infection - honey colored crusting - very contagious - condition and organisms
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
Bulla
15. What muscle the long thoracic nerve innervate - What does it do - and when can it be injured
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Acanthosis nigcricans
Patch
16. What are common features of lupus
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
17. exotoxin destroys keratinocyte attachments in the stratum granulosum - fever - generalized erythematous rash with sloughing of the upper layers of the dermis - newborns and children
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Staph scalded skin syndrome
18. What are the bone mineral lab findings in paget's disease
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Osteoblastoma
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
19. appreas in 30s to 40s - does not regress
Widespread skin involvment - rapid progression - early visceral involvement
Cherry hemangioma
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Osteoarthritis
20. What are the bone mineralization lab findings in osteopetrosis
Squamous cell carcinoma
Median nerve - lunate bone
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
21. Macule greater than 1cm
Posterior cord
Patch
Integrin binds laminin in BM
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
22. What is the Auspitz sign
Keratoacanthoma
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
Pagets dz - bone infarcts - radiation - familial retinoblastoma - codman's triangle or sunburst pattern from elevation of periosteum - poor prognsosis
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
23. subchondreal cysts - sclerosis - osteophytes - joint space narrowing - eburnation - hebereden's nodes (DIP) bouchard nodes (PIP) - characteristic findings of this dz
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
Osteoarthritis
24. What does injury to the distal ulnar nerve cause
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Nl - decreased bone mass
S. aureus - streptococcus
25. How does the radial nerve in the spiral groove become injured
Posterior cord
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
26. hyperplasia of stratum spinosum - associated with hyperinsulinemia (cushings - DM) and visceral malignancy
Tibial - foot inversioon and plantarflexion; toe flexion - sole of foot is sensory
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Acanthosis nigcricans
Keratoacanthoma
27. locally invasive but rarely mets skin cancer - rolled edges - with central ulceration - cancer and gross path
Rheumatoid arthritis
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
28. first few weeks of life - grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously at 5 to 8 yrs of age
Osteosarcoma - multiple myeloma
Strawberry hemangioma
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
29. What do xray show in osteopetrosis and What do potential CN abnl result from
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
30. What injury causes injury to the MC nerve and what motor and sensory defs dose it cause
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
31. excessive fibrosis and collagen deposition throughout the body - common in skin manifesting as puffy taut skin with absence of wrinkles
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
Scleroderma
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
32. Tumor occuring mostly at epiphyseal end of long bones - occuring btw 20 and 40 - locally aggressive bening tumor around distal femur and proximal tibia - tumor and characteristic xray findings
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
Anterior interosseous nerve
33. MG is associated with what neoplasm
Chondrosarcoma
Thymoma
Torn MCL
Radial - BEST extensors - posterior arm and dorsal hand/thumb - wrist drop
34. Where is C7 dermatome
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
McCune - Albright syndrome
3rd finger
Gout
35. Which muscle is the pitching injury and What does it do
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
Abduct the fingers
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
36. What percent of these mutations occur sporadically and what parental feature are they associated with
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
In pemphis vulgaris - separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
85% - advanced paternal age - or auto dominant inheritance
37. What is the test for drug induced lupus
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Connects cells to underlying extracellular - bullous pemphigoid
Pseudogout
Anti - histone
38. separation of epidermal cells
Acantholysis
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum
39. What development failure can results in albinism
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
NC migration
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
40. acute painful spreading infxn of dermis and subQ tissues - condition and orgs
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
Vertebral crush fractures - femoral neck fractures - distal radius (Colles') fracture
Acanthosis
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
41. What is the TX for chronic gout
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
42. Administration of what kind of compound causes reversal of symptoms and What is used to distringuish under from over dosing
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
Keloid
ACH esterase inhibitors - edrophonium test - improvement of sx after edro means the patient is underdosed
Dermatitis herpetiformis
43. What is below the epidermis
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
Pityriasis rosea
Acantholysis
The dermis
44. What does subscapularis do
Osteoid osteoma
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Medially rotates and adducts arm
45. What is the precursor to melanom
Dysplastic nevus
Proximal median nerve lesion - loss of opponens pollicis muscle fxn leading to unopposoble thumb
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
Macule
46. What does the positive anterior drawer sign test indicate
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
Tear of the ACL
Actinic keratosis
Integrin binds laminin in BM
47. Anterior hip dislocation causes injury to what nerve and What are the motor and sensory defs
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
48. What antibody is less sensitive than RF but more specific and What is the HLA association
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Phosphorylated
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Actinic keratosis
49. What do pseudogout crystals appear like microscopically
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
Carbonic anhydrase II
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
50. hypothenar eminence - nerve and muscles
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Increase in both osteoblast and osteoclast activity