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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. excessive fibrosis and collagen deposition throughout the body - common in skin manifesting as puffy taut skin with absence of wrinkles
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Scleroderma
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
2. What are the subQ rheumatoid nodules made of...
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Medial aspect
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
3. Anterior hip dislocation causes injury to what nerve and What are the motor and sensory defs
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
4. What are common features of lupus
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
5. hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in stratum corneum seen in psoriasis
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Long thoracic nerve
Parakeratosis
Acanthosis nigcricans
6. What are the characterstic joints affected in RA
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
Seborrheic keratosis
MCP - PIP - no DIP
7. What causes the symptoms of MG to worsen - and What is used to diagnose
Trauma
Inc spinosum - dec granulosum
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
Osteoarthritis
8. Associated with M. pneumonia - HSV - sulfa drugs - B lactams - phenytoin - cancers and autoimmune dz - skin disorder and description
Radial nerve
Nl - thickened dense bones
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
9. Depolarizaition causes what voltage sensitive receptor coupled to what other receptor to induce a conformational change In what structure - releasing what?
Osteogenic carcinoma
Axillary nerve
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
Voltage sens - dihydropiridine R coupled to ryanodine recpetor - conformational change in the SR - releasing Ca2+
10. epi of SLE
Parakeratosis
Medial finger flexion - wrist flexion
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
Urticaria
11. What kind of endocrine abnl are associated with McCune Albright
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
Precocious puberty
MCP - PIP - no DIP
12. Thenar eminence - nerve and muscles
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
Urticaria
Mosiac bone pattern - long bone chalk stick fractures - increased hat size or hearing loss due to auditory foramen narrowing
Gout
13. What test if specific for lupus but doesn't indicate prognosis
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Anti Smith
85% - advanced paternal age - or auto dominant inheritance
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
14. What are the motor - sensory deficits and sign of carpal tunnel syndrome
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
Osteoid osteoma
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
15. What are characteristic findings of gout
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Radial - BEST extensors - posterior arm and dorsal hand/thumb - wrist drop
Pityriasis rosea
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
16. What supplies innervation to the thenar muscles
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
Macule
17. white painless plaques on the tongue that cannot be scraped off - dz - population - implicated virus
Hairy leukoplakia - HIV population - EBV mediated
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Adduct the fingers
Chondrosarcoma
18. What is a very specific test for lupus
Phosphorylated
Pityriasis rosea
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
19. appreas in 30s to 40s - does not regress
Large goints (knee)
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
Cherry hemangioma
20. In which form is myosin light chain active
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Keratoacanthoma
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Phosphorylated
21. mechanical wear and tear of joints leading to destruction of articular cartilage
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
Osteoarthritis
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
22. Where is C7 dermatome
3rd finger
4th and 5th finger
Axillary nerve
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
23. acute painful spreading infxn of dermis and subQ tissues - condition and orgs
Glucocorticoids
Ephelis
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
24. What is the test for drug induced lupus
Anti - histone
In psoriasis - bleeding spots when scales are scraped off
Bulla
Age - obesity and joint deformity
25. What is the primary screening test for lupus
Nevocellular nevus
Subclavius
Nl - thickened dense bones
ANA - sensitive but not specific
26. What are the possible origins of the paget's disease
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Lung
Actinic keratosis
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
27. What causes hypercalcemia in pts with sarcoid
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
Ephelis
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Large goints (knee)
28. What do dorsal interosseous muscles do
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
Abduct the fingers
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
SERMs - calcitonin - bisphosphates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases
29. What are predisposing factors for osteosarcoma - xray finding
30. exotoxin destroys keratinocyte attachments in the stratum granulosum - fever - generalized erythematous rash with sloughing of the upper layers of the dermis - newborns and children
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
Staph scalded skin syndrome
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Trauma
31. loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the medial rotation
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
Pseudogout
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Lesioned by midshaft fracture of humerus
32. What do the lumbrical muscles do
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
Keloid
Flex at the MCP
33. What kind of jxn is in the zona adherens and Where is it - What is it composed of - and what ion does it does it depend on...
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
Osteochondroma - exostosis
34. What lesion causes difficulty flexing elbow with variable sensory loss
Musculocutaneous
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
35. separation of epidermal cells
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
Acantholysis
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
36. What does soft bones result from and What is the dz called in adults and children
Ephelis
Ulnar nerve - intrinsic muscles of hand
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Down T tubule
37. Tumor occuring mostly at epiphyseal end of long bones - occuring btw 20 and 40 - locally aggressive bening tumor around distal femur and proximal tibia - tumor and characteristic xray findings
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
38. bone replaced by fibroblasts and irregular bony trabeculae affecting many bones
Urticaria
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Deep branch of radial nerve
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
39. dried exudates from a vesicle - bulla or pustule seen impetigo
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
Osteoblastoma
Crust
40. irregular raised lesion resulting from scar tissue hypertrophy - follows trauma to skin - common to african americans see in T. pertenue (yaws)
Keloid
Anti ds DNA - poor prognosis
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
4th and 5th finger
41. Which nerve is compressed in deep forearm
Anterior interosseous nerve
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Integrin binds laminin in BM
42. What causes a lesion in the axillary nerve
Actin
Fracture of surgical neck - dislocation of the humerus - intramuscular injections
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
43. Reduction of primarily trabecular (spongy) bone mass despite nl bone mineralization lab values
Pustule
Vit D def - dec Ca - inc PTH - dec serum phos - reversible when vit D is replaced
Osteoporosis
Proximal median nerve lesion - loss of opponens pollicis muscle fxn leading to unopposoble thumb
44. What organisms can cause chronic infectious arthritis
Abduct the fingers
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Type III - RF
Dermatomyositis
45. which muscle type is fast twitch and why are fibers white
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
B27 - no RF - males
Down T tubule
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
46. What signal initiates a muscle contraction
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
Inc CK - inc aldolase - and positive ANA and anti Jo -1 - steroids
Median - lateral finger and wrist flexion - dorsal palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers/thenar eminence - ape hand - carpal tunnel syndrome
47. What nerve is injured by a superficial laceration of the hand
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Osteochondroma - exostosis
48. Which muscle is the pitching injury and What does it do
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
49. flat - greasy - pigmented - squamous epithelial proliferation with keratin - filled cyts (horn cysts) - looks pasted on...
Steroids
Anterior interosseous nerve
Lower trunk of brachial plexus
Seborrheic keratosis
50. Deposition of calcium pyrophosphate cyrstals within the joint space
Chondrosarcoma - pelvis - spine - scapula - humerus - tibia - or femur
Pseudogout
Scleroderma
Crohns and ulcerative colitis