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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are predisposing factors for osteosarcoma - xray finding
2. In which gender is gout more common and What does the crystals appear like microscopically
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
Vit D def - dec Ca - inc PTH - dec serum phos - reversible when vit D is replaced
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
3. What antibodies is diffuse scleroderma associated with
Chondrosarcoma
Median nerve
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
4. Thenar eminence - nerve and muscles
Interossei and adductor policis
Verrucae vulgaris
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
Median nerve
5. pelvic fracture can cause injury to which nerve - and What are the motor and sens def
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
Pseudogout
Crust
6. What are the bone mineral lab findings in paget's disease
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
GC and cGMP and inhibition of MLCK
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Biceps
7. What is the tumor marker for melanoma - who is at risk - what correlates with risk of metastasis and What is the gross path
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Acute back pain - loss of height - and kyphosis
S100 - associated with sunligh exposure - fair skinned at risk - depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets - dark with irregular borders
8. larger osteoid osteoma found in vertebral column
Osteoblastoma
Small cell cancer of the lung - improve with muscle use - no change with ACHE inhibs
Pustule
Over deltoid
9. Pain and stiffness in shoulders and hips - fever malaise and weight loss - no weakness - pts over 50 - associated with HA and jaw pain
Pemphigus vulgaris - macula adherens where cadherins attach to intermediate filaments
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
Anti - histone
10. Seronegative spondyloarthropathis have what HLA association - and why are they seronegative - and who do they more often occur in
B27 - no RF - males
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Anti Smith
Ulnar
11. Other than N. gono - what organisms can cause infectious - septic arthritis
S. aureus - streptococcus
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
12. Where is C6 dermatome
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
Sites of tibial attachment
13. What are defining lab findings for polymyalgia rheumatica and What is the TX
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
Tear of the ACL
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
Elevated ESR and nl CK - prednisone
14. What nerve is injured by a fracture of the epicondyle of humerus or repeated minor traumas
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
Ulnar nerve
Median nerve - lunate bone
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
15. What does injury to the distal median nerve cause
16. bening cartilaginous neoplasm found in intramedullary bone - usually distal extremities
Gout
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
Endochondroma
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
17. What does I'M DAMN SHARP stand for
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
Nl - thickened dense bones
18. Where is osteosarcoma found in the bone
Metaphysis of long bones - distal femur
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
19. What are the possible origins of the paget's disease
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Osteoid osteoma
Parakeratosis
Iliac crest
20. What does MLCK do in smooth muscle contraction
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
4th and 5th finger
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
21. What are the classic fractures in pts with osteoporosis
22. What are the lab findings in pagets disease
Muslce use - nerve stim/compound muscle test
Inc alk phos - abnl bone architecture
Cherry hemangioma
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
23. What nerve become injured in the incorrect use of a crutch
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
B27 - no RF - males
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
24. mechanical wear and tear of joints leading to destruction of articular cartilage
Myosin releases bound ADP and is displaced on the actin filament
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
Ulnar
Osteoarthritis
25. What do pseudogout crystals appear like microscopically
S. aureus - streptococcus
Flex at the MCP
Radial nerve
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
26. yellow when perpendicular and blue when parallel
Pseudogout
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Osteoporosis
27. What is a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Actinic keratosis
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
28. Anterior hip dislocation causes injury to what nerve and What are the motor and sensory defs
Papule
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Pain in weight bearing joints at the end of the day and improving with rest
29. fever - bulla formation and necrosis - sloughing of skin and high mortality - syndrome and associations
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Teres minor
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
30. Where are most osteoid osteoma found and In what population
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
Actinic keratosis
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
31. thickened - dense bones that are prone to fracture - dz and primary defect
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
32. What is the defect in Paget's disease
Anti Scl70 - anti DNA topoisomerase I antibody
Interossei and adductor policis
Myosin
Increase in both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
33. irregular areas of complete depigmentation - condition and cause
Xeropthalmia - xerostomia - arthritis
Anti Smith
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
34. papules and plaques with silvery scaling - especially on knees and elbows - acanthosis with parakeratotic scaling (nuclei sill in stratun corneum - nail pitting and arthritis
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
Psoriasis
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
McCune - Albright syndrome
35. Where is C8 dermatome
4th and 5th finger
Abduct the fingers
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
36. Achondroplasia is a failure of what process which results in which characteristic findings
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
< 2mc found in proximal tibia and femur - men < 25
Dermatomyositis
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
37. epi of SLE
Median nerve
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
Pityriasis rosea
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
38. What syndrome of the NMJ is a paraneoplastic syndrome and What are the antibodies directed against
Lichen planus
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
Antibodies around cells of the epidermis in a reticular or netlike pattern
Lamber eaton - presynaptic Ca channels - dec ACH release leading to proximal muscle weakness
39. What kind of bone tumor is associated with FAP and What is the finding
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
Rigor mortis
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
Melasma (chloasma)
40. Which type of muscle fiber is hypertrophied during weight training
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Proximal median nerve lesion - loss of opponens pollicis muscle fxn leading to unopposoble thumb
Type 2
Bulla
41. What happens at the gap jxn and what molecules create them
Elevated ESR and nl CK - prednisone
Stevens johnson syndrome - associated with adverse drug reactions - more severe version called toxic epidermal necrolysis
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
42. What TX prophylax against osteoporisi
Dermatomyositis
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Parakeratosis
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
43. What are the bone mineralization lab findings in osteopetrosis
Serum ca - phos - alk phos are NL
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
Osteoporosis
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
44. acute painful spreading infxn of dermis and subQ tissues - condition and orgs
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
Gout
Vertebral crush fractures - femoral neck fractures - distal radius (Colles') fracture
Glucocorticoids
45. irregular raised lesion resulting from scar tissue hypertrophy - follows trauma to skin - common to african americans see in T. pertenue (yaws)
Anti - histone
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Keloid
Patch
46. MG is associated with what neoplasm
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
Thymoma
Basal cell carcinoma - pearly papules - commonly with telangiectasias
47. What is the sign of Leser - Trelat
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
Chondrosarcoma
Sudden appearance of multiple sebhorrheic keratosis lesions indicating underlying lesions - GI or lymphoid
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
48. progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness cause by CD8+ T cell induced injury to myofibers - dz - most common area of involvement and pathgnomonic histological finding
Median nerve
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Strawberry hemangioma
49. What is the test for drug induced lupus
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Melasma (chloasma)
Pemphigus vulgaris
Anti - histone
50. What causes golf or tennis elbow
Degenerative injury due to repeated use - tiny tears in the tendons and muscles - may be inflammatory - lateral epicondyle is tennis - medial epicondyle is golf
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed