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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What kind of nuclei do basal cell tumors have
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Palisading
Osteoid osteoma
2. What receptor is constitutively activated in achondroplasia and What does it do
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Patch
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
3. What happens at the gap jxn and what molecules create them
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
Steroids
Elevated 1 alpha hydroxylase mediated vit D activation in epithloid macrophages
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
4. Who does osteoporosis type 2 effect
Flex at the MCP
Men and women > 70 - senile osteporosis
Nevocellular nevus
Phosphorylated
5. What lesion causes dec in thumb fxn 'ape hand'
Widespread skin involvment - rapid progression - early visceral involvement
Axillary nerve
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Median nerve
6. What nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome or a disclocation of this bone
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
Biceps
Median nerve - lunate bone
7. What do pseudogout crystals appear like microscopically
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
Actinic keratosis
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
4th and 5th finger
8. osteochondrosis has rare malignant transformation into what cancer
Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis - urethritis and arthritis
Chondrosarcoma
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
9. What does acantholysis show in pemphigus vulgaris
After a large meal or EtOH conspumption
Cervical disk lesion
Pseudogout
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
10. How is the lower trunk of the brachia plexus injured and what results from it
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11. What is the characteristic appearance of bone - the common translocation - area of - and bones affected
Gout
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
Rheumatoid arthritis
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
12. What does PED and Tip stand for
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13. What lesion causes winged scapula
Anti Smith
Long thoracic nerve
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Age - obesity and joint deformity
14. What causes a lesion in the axillary nerve
Fracture of surgical neck - dislocation of the humerus - intramuscular injections
Schaumann (calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells) and asteroid bodies
Tear of the ACL
Dermatomyositis
15. What muscles of the shoulder form the rotator cuff
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
Paralysis of lateral rotators
16. blister containing pus
Osteogenic carcinoma
Pustule
Phosphate is liberated from the myosin head
Thymoma
17. What percent of these mutations occur sporadically and what parental feature are they associated with
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Interossei and adductor policis
85% - advanced paternal age - or auto dominant inheritance
Median nerve
18. Trauma to lateral aspect of leg or fibula neck fracture - nerve - motor and sens def
McCune - Albright syndrome
Precocious puberty
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Papule
19. Where is C6 dermatome
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Middle bicep down - cuts lateral at cuboidal foass and runs distally to include the thumb and 2nd digit
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
20. In which gender is gout more common and What does the crystals appear like microscopically
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
Squamous cell carcinoma
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
21. common mole - benign
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
Nevocellular nevus
Serum ca - phos - PTH are nl alk phos elevated
McCune - Albright syndrome
22. How does gonococcal arthritis present
Keratoacanthoma
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
STD presents as a monarticular - migratory arthritis with an asynmetrical pattern - affected joint is painful - red and swollen
Myosin light chain phosphotase
23. What is the sign of Leser - Trelat
Lichen planus
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
Pseudogout
Sudden appearance of multiple sebhorrheic keratosis lesions indicating underlying lesions - GI or lymphoid
24. What nerve is injured in a fracture of the medial epicondyle of humerus - and What is a more distal lesion injuring the same nerve
Patch
Squamous cell carcinoma
Plaque
Ulnar nerve - fracture of hook of hamate
25. In which form is myosin light chain active
Age - obesity and joint deformity
Osteochondroma - exostosis
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
Phosphorylated
26. What lesion causes Saturday night wrist drop
Radial nerve
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
Parakeratosis
27. What do anterior and posterior in ACL and PCL refer to...
Pseudogout
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Sites of tibial attachment
Spindle shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
28. What muscle the long thoracic nerve innervate - What does it do - and when can it be injured
Cartilaginous by chondrocytes first - osteoclasts and osteoblasts later replace with women bone and remodel to lamellar bone - endochondrial ossification
Radial nerve
Serratus anterior - connects scapular to thoracic cage - abduction above horizontal position - injured in mastectomy - winged scapula and lymphedema
S. aureus - streptococcus
29. What nerve is injured in a posterior hip dislocation or polio and What are the motor defs
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
Flex at the MCP
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
Trauma
30. Where does squamous cell carcinoma of the skin typically appear - What is the histo - prognosis - and associations
Anterior interosseous nerve
Ulnar deviation - subluxation - bakers cysts (behind knee)
Hands and face - ulcerative red lesion - locally invasive bur rare metastasis - associated with chronic draining sinuses and keratin pearls
Myosin light chain phosphotase
31. Tumor occuring mostly at epiphyseal end of long bones - occuring btw 20 and 40 - locally aggressive bening tumor around distal femur and proximal tibia - tumor and characteristic xray findings
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) - double bubble or soap bubble
Adductor policis brevis
Median nerve - lunate bone
Teres minor
32. acute painful spreading infxn of dermis and subQ tissues - condition and orgs
Supraspinatus - abducts the arm before the deltoid
Ewings sarcoma - aggressive with early mets - but responsive to chemo
Cellulitis - s aureus - s pyogenes
Basophilic - rhomboid crystals - weakly birefringent
33. which muscle type is fast twitch and why are fibers white
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
Squamous cell carcinoma
Men - needle shaped and negatively birefringent = yellow crystals under parallel light
AP depol opens voltage gated Ca channels - inducing NT release
34. What is the most common NMJ disorder - What causes it and What are common symptoms
Paralysis of abductors
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Lichen planus
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
35. Which muscle is the pitching injury and What does it do
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
Morning stiffness for > 30 min improving with use - symmetry - systemic sx
Parakeratosis
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm
36. What is the precursor to melanom
Pseudogout
Dermatitis
Dysplastic nevus
Thymoma
37. interlacing trabeculae of woven bone surrounded by osteoblasts
Osteoid osteoma
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
Embryologic - childbirth defect - cervical rib compression - atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences - atrophy of interosseous muscles - sensory deficits of the medial side of the forearm and hand - disappearance of the radial pulse upon movin
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
38. Contraction results in shortening of what bands - and what band remains the same length
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
Type III - RF
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
HI shrinks - A stays same
39. pruritic eruption - commonly on skin flexures - of associated with asthma - allergic rhinitis
Inc Ca - dec phos - inc alk phos - inc PTH - brown tumors
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Atopic dermatitis - eczema
Superior glut - thigh abduction - pos trendelenburg - hip drops when standing on the opposite foot (standing on the side of the lesion)
40. loss of what muscles in Erbs causes the medial rotation
Trauma
Supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subscapularis - SItS
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
Paralysis of lateral rotators
41. What enzyme is necessary for smooth muscle relaxation after contraction
S. aureus - streptococcus
Vesicle
Median nerve - same fingers but not on the hand
Myosin light chain phosphotase
42. What does injury to the distal ulnar nerve cause
Ulnar nerve - adduction of thumb - extension of 4th and 5th fingers (lumbricals)
Ulnar nerve
85% - advanced paternal age - or auto dominant inheritance
Loss of medial lumbrical fxn; 4th and 5th digits are clawed - when try to open hand - pinky and ring finger stay clawed
43. Deposition of calcium pyrophosphate cyrstals within the joint space
Pseudogout
The dermis
Dermatomyositis
Paralysis of abductors
44. What are the most common symtpoms of SLE
Axilla
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
Gout
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine - appendix
45. What are characteristic findings of gout
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Tear of the ACL
Subclavius
Troponin C - conformational change that moves tropomyosin out the myosin binding groove on actin filaments
46. Dermatomyositis places the pt at inc risk For what malignancy in particular
Osteoma (gardners syndrome) - new piece of bone grows on another bone - often skull
Lung
Calcinosis - raynauds - esophageal dysmotility - sclerodactyly - telangiectasia - anti centromere antibody
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
47. Flat discloration <1cm seen in tinea versicolor
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Macule
Interossei and adductor policis
Onion skin - 11:22 - diaphysis of long bones - pelvis - scapula - ribs
48. progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness cause by CD8+ T cell induced injury to myofibers - dz - most common area of involvement and pathgnomonic histological finding
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
Subclavius
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
49. What does MLCK do in smooth muscle contraction
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Psoriatic arthritis - occurs is less than 1/3 of psoriasis pts
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
50. What other lesion can cause the appearnce of the ulnar claw
Vit D def - dec Ca - inc PTH - dec serum phos - reversible when vit D is replaced
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
Making fist with a proximal median nerve lesion
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes