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Test your basic knowledge |
Musculoskeletal
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What protects the brachial plexus in clavicle fracture
Binds myosin head and releases actin filament allowing cross - bridge cycling and shortening to occur
Subclavius
Teres minor
Dermatitis herpetiformis
2. small fluid containing blister seen in chickenpox
Vesicle
Hyperkeratosis
Carbonic anhydrase II
Radial nerve becomes compressed in axilla
3. What kind of hypersens rxn is RA - and what serum marker is present in 80% of RA pts
Upper trunk compression - biceps - brachialis - corachobrachialis - flexion of arm at elbow - sensory = lateraly forearm
Hyperkeratosis
Type 2 - dec mitochondria and myoglobin - inc anaerobic glycolysis
Type III - RF
4. What are the associations for sjogrens syndrome
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
Carbonic anhydrase II
Parotid enlargement - inc risk of B cell lymphoma - dental caries
5. What are the systemic symptoms found in RA
Sarcoidosis - black females - ACE
Scleroderma
Fever - fatigue - pleuritis - pericarditis
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
6. What causes a lesion in the upper trunk of the brachial plexus
Anterior interosseous nerve
Intermediate jxn - just below zona occludens - cadherins and actin filaments - cadherins are dependent on Ca2+
Recurrent branch of the medain nerve
Trauma
7. What are characteristic findings of gout
Asymmetric - swollen - red - painful joint - often MTP (podagra) - tophus formation on external ear - olecranon bursa - achilles tendon
Polymyositis - shoulders - perifasicular inflammation
Femoral - thing flexion and leg extension - anterior thigh and medial leg
Lesch - nyhan - PRPP excess - dec exretion of uric acid (thiazide) inc cell turnover - von Gierke's dz - 90% due to underexcretion - 10% to overproduction
8. Reduction of primarily trabecular (spongy) bone mass despite nl bone mineralization lab values
Osteoporosis
Carbonic anhydrase II
Compressed by cervical rib or pancoasts tumor - leads to klumpke's
Keratoacanthoma
9. appreas in 30s to 40s - does not regress
Osteoid osteoma
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
Melasma (chloasma)
Cherry hemangioma
10. hives - intensely pruritic wheals that form after mast cell degranulation
Urticaria
B27 - no RF - males
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes
Acantholysis
11. What does ATP do in skeletal muscle contraction
Torn MCL
Binds myosin head and releases actin filament allowing cross - bridge cycling and shortening to occur
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
12. What test if specific for lupus but doesn't indicate prognosis
Ligand binding leads to muscle depol
Medial forearm and arm to just under the axilla
Anti Smith
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
13. What do the lumbrical muscles do
Medial 1.5 fingers - hypothenar eminence
Flex at the MCP
Osteoblastoma
Cherry hemangioma
14. MG is associated with what neoplasm
Strawberry hemangioma
Erythema multiforme - can be macules - papules vesicles - target lesions -
Failure of longitudinal growth (endochondrial ossification) leading to short limbs - membranous is unaffected - large head
Thymoma
15. What does abnl passive abduction of the knee indicate
Torn MCL
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
Impetigo - s aureus - s pyogenes
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
16. Thenar eminence - nerve and muscles
Trauma
Small cell cancer of the lung - improve with muscle use - no change with ACHE inhibs
3rd finger
Median - opponens pollicis - abductors pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis
17. What kind of nuclei do basal cell tumors have
Paralysis of lateral rotators
Acanthosis
Anti Smith
Palisading
18. What do xray show in osteopetrosis and What do potential CN abnl result from
Erlenmeyer flask bones that flare out - narrowed foramina
S. aureus - streptococcus
Urticaria
Myosin light chain phosphotase
19. What does soft bones result from and What is the dz called in adults and children
Deep branch of radial nerve
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
Anti - CCP - HLA- DR4
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
20. excessive fibrosis and collagen deposition throughout the body - common in skin manifesting as puffy taut skin with absence of wrinkles
Scleroderma
Tight jxn - prevents diffusion across paracellular space - composed of claudins and occludins
Papule
Acanthosis
21. common mole - benign
Nevocellular nevus
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
Widespread skin involvment - rapid progression - early visceral involvement
EtOH metabolites compete for same excretion site in kidney as uric acid - causing dec uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup
22. What happens at the gap jxn and what molecules create them
Dec Ca - dec phos - nl alk phos - inc PTH - soft bones
Myosin light chain phosphotase
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic fxns - connexons
23. What are common features of lupus
Radial - BEST extensors - posterior arm and dorsal hand/thumb - wrist drop
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
Wire - loop lesions in kidney with immune complex deposition - death from renal failure and infxns
Acanthosis nigcricans
24. large fluid containing blisters seen in bullous pemphigoid
Blow to the shoulder - trauma during delivery; limb hangs by side - medially rotated - forearm is pronated
Elevated ESR and nl CK - prednisone
Bulla
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
25. chronic inflammatory disease of sacroiliac joints and spine - dz - associations
Down T tubule
Boutonniere - swan neck - zthumb
Ankylosing spondylitis - uveitis - aortic regurg and bamboo spine
Polymyaglia rheumatica associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis
26. Contraction results in shortening of what bands - and what band remains the same length
Ischial spine - relieve pain during delivery
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Anterior interosseous nerve
HI shrinks - A stays same
27. Which muscle fiber type is slow twitch and why are fibers red
Myasthenia gravis - autoAb against ACH receptors causing ptosis - diplopia - general weakness -
Pemphigus vulgaris
Type 1 - inc mitochondria and myoglobin conc - inc OXPHOS leading to sustained conctraction
Musculocutaneous
28. What are the thin lines along the Z line
Actin
Psoriasis
Teres minor
Axillary - deltoid - skin over deltoid - flattened deltoid
29. What causes osteoporosis type 1 and When does it typically occur
Albinism
Dec estrogen causes inc bone resorption - postmenopausal
Outer arm
Verrucae vulgaris
30. What lesions causes Erb's palsy
Myosin
Pagets dz - bone infarcts - radiation - familial retinoblastoma - codman's triangle or sunburst pattern from elevation of periosteum - poor prognsosis
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
31. papule > 1cm seen psoriasis
NC migration
Ulnar - opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti mimini
Papule
Plaque
32. blister containing pus
Myosin
Acantholysis
Trauma
Pustule
33. irregular areas of complete depigmentation - condition and cause
Glucocorticoids
Palisading
Vitiligo - dec number in melanocytes
Immunoglobulins - malar rash - discoid rash - ANA - mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) - neurologic disorders - serositis (pleuritis - pericarditis) - hematologic disorders - arthritis - renal - photosensitivity
34. What are the motor - sensory deficits and sign of carpal tunnel syndrome
MCL - ACL - lateral meniscus (esp in athletes)
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
Acute back pain - loss of height - and kyphosis
Restrictive lung disease - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - erythema nodosum - Bell's palsy
35. What are the potential causes of gout
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36. What is the primary screening test for lupus
Ephelis
ANA - sensitive but not specific
Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid - osteomalacia in adults and ricketts in kids
Osteogenic carcinoma
37. What are the characterstic joints affected in RA
MCP - PIP - no DIP
Binds troponin C causing a conformational change leading to tropomyosin to move out of the way allowing for actin/myosin cycling
Verrucae
Posterior cord
38. What is the test for drug induced lupus
Obturator - thigh adduction - medial thigh
Anti - histone
Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes - foot dropPED; tibial inverts and plantarflexes - can't stand on Tip toes
Osteoarthritis
39. What causes total claw
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Bullous pemphigoid - linear immunofluorescence - eosinphils within blisters - similar to but less severed thatn pemphigus vulgaris - spares oral mucosa - negaitve nikolsky's sign
Lesion to lower trunk of brachial plexus - loss of fxn of all lumbricals - forearm finger flexors - finger extensors are unopposed (radial nerve)
40. What does MLCK do in smooth muscle contraction
Flat bone (skul - facial bones - axial skeleton) woven directly formed - no cartilage - later remodeled to lamellar
Phosphorylates myosin light chain which leads to cross bridge formation
Anterior interosseous nerve
Osteopetrosis - abnl fxn of osteoclasts
41. flat - greasy - pigmented - squamous epithelial proliferation with keratin - filled cyts (horn cysts) - looks pasted on...
Seborrheic keratosis
Fever - fatigue - weight loss - nonbacterial verruucous (Liebman - Sacks) endocarditis - hilar adenopathy - Raynauds
NSAIDs (indomethacin) colchicine
Exercise and Ca ingestion before age 30
42. What is the TX for chronic gout
Allopurinaol - uricosurics (probenicid)
Melasma (chloasma)
Paralysis of abductors
Female between 14 and 45 - mostly black
43. What are the possible origins of the paget's disease
Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basalis
Deep branch of radial nerve
Viral - maybe paramyxovirus
Head - trunk - extremities - common benign neoplasm in older persons
44. Where is C4 dermatome
Actinic keratosis - risk proportional to epithelial dysplasia
Iliac crest
Calmodulin - complex activates myosin light chain kinase
Over deltoid
45. Flat discloration <1cm seen in tinea versicolor
Intraepidermal bullae involving the skin and oral mucosa
Inc blood flow from AV shunts can cause high output heart failure
Opposition of thumb - dorsal/palmar 3.5 fingers sensory - ulnar deviation upon wrist flexion
Macule
46. IBS - 2 dz's
TB from dissemination and lyme dz
Verrucae
Endochondroma
Crohns and ulcerative colitis
47. What associations go along with sarcoidosis
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48. yellow when perpendicular and blue when parallel
Nl - decreased bone mass
Condyloma acuminatum - caused by HPV
Pseudogout
Dry eyes - dry mouth - nasal and vaginal dryness - chronic bronchitis - reflux esophagitis and No arthritis
49. deep tissue injury - crepitus from methane and CO2 production 'flesh eating bacteria' - condition and orgs
Necrotizing fasciitis - anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
Lichen planus
Vesicle
Integrin binds laminin in BM
50. What is a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Tear of the ACL
Osteoporosis
Common peroneal - foot eversion and dorsiflexion - toe extention - foot drop - foot slap - stepped gaint - anterolateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot for sensory
Actinic keratosis