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Nursing Fundamentals Theory

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Code of ethics; accountability






2. identify factors that may place the patient at greater risk for complications during & after surgery - often conducted several days before surgery as part of pre - operative laboratory screening & teaching






3. Goal of treatment is a comfortable dignified death & that further life - sustaining measures are no longer indicated.






4. ability to excrete excess nitrogen






5. Dysuria - urinary frequency or urgency - cloudy urine with foul odor






6. Permanent change - cause is irreversible alterations in normal anatomy & physiology - require long period of care






7. Should be cut 1/8 inch larger than stoma to protect skin & avoid stoma rub - may use charcoal or other deodorizer in bag to control odor - Bismuth subgallate oral also controls odor






8. Backrubs- Warm / cold compresses - Auditory / visual stimuli - TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) - Acupuncture - Placebos - Analgesics - Endorphins - natural analgesic activated by stress & pain - Medications - IV - PO - PCA - Epidu






9. Inspect






10. Total Parenteral Nutrition - nutritional therapy that bypasses the GI tract for patients who are unable to take food orally; meets patient's nutritional needs by way of nutrient - filled solutions administered intravenously through a central vein






11. Composed of clear - serous portion of the blood & from serous membranes






12. Storing & recalling of new knowledge (brain)






13. Gradual withdrawal of mechanical ventilation from a patient with a terminal illness or an irreversible condition with a poor prognosis.






14. Lifestyle - Psychosocial - Environmental - Developmental - Biologic risks






15. Obtaining complete proteins - soy products






16. Integration of mental & muscular activity (physical)






17. Improves venus return - respiratory function - & peristalsis - relieves skin pressure. Patient should practice before surgery






18. Build - up of fat - cholesterol & calcium on inside of artery walls - Leads to hardening of walls with loss of elasticity or ability to expand fully - Plaque build up roughens walls so clotting factors can stick to walls - Plaque narrows lumen of art






19. Uses reagent substances to detect the enzyme peroxidase in the hemoglobin molecule






20. Pain reported by patient is determining factor of pain control - Assess pain q 2 hrs after major surgery - Older patient is at risk for undertreatment & overtreatment of pain






21. Respect values & beliefs - Role change - Body image change - Encourage to set attainable goals - Facilitate support from family / friends






22. Understanding & Acceptance: Involve family / friends in patient care - Establish trusting relationship - Refer to support groups

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23. Sense of hopefulness - participation in decisions - expression of feelings & emotions - Not die alone - religious or spiritual needs - honesty

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24. Retards growth of organisms & is bacteriostatic






25. For bowel diversions that bring portion of small or large intestine to abdominal surface for stool elimination - Permanent or temporary diversion - If permanent - may do abdominal - perineal resection to close off rectum & anal area (esp. if cancer i






26. Inability to empty bladder






27. Increase venus return and helps prevent complications of thrombophlebitis & resultant emboli






28. Activity - movement stimulates intestinal muscle action = peristalsis - abdominal & pelvic muscle exercises to maintain tone for intra - abdominal pressure






29. Stool production will usually not begin for a few days after surgery - surgery inhibits peristalsis - patient has been NPO - enemas to cleanse prior - Mucus may be passed from stoma prior to production of stool - Colostomy may require irrigation






30. Diet - should include adequate fiber or bulk - Whole grains - fruits - vegetables - legumes - Eating at regular intervals helps stimulate peristalsis (gastrocolic reflex) - Food allergies or food poisoning may lead to diarrhea - Some foods cause






31. Palliative - to relieve or reduce intensity of an illness; is not curative (Ex: colostomy - arthroscopy - balloon angioplasties)






32. Wash gently with gauze or clean cloth & water - Pat dry






33. Retention with leakage that exceeds bladder capacity






34. Lifestyle - Psychosocial - Environmental - Developmental - Biologic risks






35. Voiding too often but normal total amounts






36. Patients who require in - hospital care are more acutely ill or injured than in the past - Length of stay has decreased; Often leads to re - admissions - Nurses in hospitals must have knowledge & skills to perform complex care to very ill patients






37. Personal emotional involvement - Need to explore own beliefs about death - Burn - out from work in areas of frequent death - Critical Care - ER - Hospice - Long Term Care






38. skin should be intact - free of redness - Watch for any irritation - rash - signs of infection - Erosion around stoma can cause stoma to become flat or indented






39. Containing or mixed with blood






40. Inability to delay need to urinate






41. Helps increase lung volume & inflation of alveoli which Facilitates venus return; Practice prior to surgery






42. Reach full potential through development of capabilities - Continues throughout life: Acceptance of self & others as they are -






43. Freedom from pathogenic organisms in a specific area - Clean' vs 'Soiled' - patient or in patient's room - Achieved by: Confining pathogens within a given area - Limiting growth & numbers of pathogens - Limiting transmission of pathogens from place






44. Two - piece bag may be used - face plate attaches to skin around stoma - bag attaches to face plate - easy to remove & empty bag without disturbing seal on skin - bag is changed only when it leaks or seal is lost - opening in karaya should be cut 1/8






45. Ensure that food is safe for consumption & prepared & stored properly - Never purchase food with damaged packaging - Take items that require refrigeration home immediately - Never use raw eggs in any form - Cook ground meat thoroughly; should not hav






46. HDL - 'good' type






47. Taking care of the whole person - body - mind - spirit - heart - soul - Provide best quality of life by symptom management






48. Current Trends in Nursing - Nursing shortage - Evidence - based practice - Community- based nursing - Decreased length of hospital stay - Aging population - Increase in chronic care conditions - Independent nursing practice - Culturally competent ca






49. Early signs & symptoms are present but are often vague & nonspecific; patient does not realize he is contagious






50. Changes in attitude - values - feelings (emotional)