Nursing Fundamentals Theory

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Salmonella bacillus from raw eggs or chicken - Bacterial enteropathogens - viruses - or parasites - cause Traveler's diarrhea - Undercooked meat
Reservoir
Physical loss
Causes of food poisoning
cleasing enema


2. Inability to get to toilet in time or inability to recognize need to urinate
Serosanguineous wound drainage
Ethical distress
Medical Asepsis - clean technique
Functional Incontinence


3. Code of ethics; accountability
Serosanguineous wound drainage
Integrity
Justice
Purulent wound drainage


4. Goal of treatment is a comfortable dignified death & that further life - sustaining measures are no longer indicated.
Comfort Measures Only
Post - operative complications Coughing
Clean Catch Specimen Collection
Autonomy


5. Ensure that food is safe for consumption & prepared & stored properly - Never purchase food with damaged packaging - Take items that require refrigeration home immediately - Never use raw eggs in any form - Cook ground meat thoroughly; should not hav
Ways to prevent food poisoning
Ways to prevent or treat constipation
Integrity
Maslow's Hierachy of Needs - Physiologic Needs - essential to life


6. Dishonesty to alleviate patient anxiety or concern
Post - operative complications Coughing
Deception
Affective learning
How does renal disease affect a patients nutrional health


7. To make or confirm a diagnosis (Ex: breast biopsy - laparoscopy)
Diagnostic surgery
Terminal Illness
How does renal disease affect a patients nutrional health
How vitamins can affect a patients nutritional state


8. Should be moist & red or pink if circulation is adequate - Pale or bluish indicates problem - bleeds easily (mucosa) but amount is minimal - Very edematous at first - but will shrink down to normal size as healing occurs (6-8 weeks) - Protrude above
Reasons a patient not have an appetite.
Combination Directive
Stoma Care Assessments
Causes of food poisoning


9. Build - up of fat - cholesterol & calcium on inside of artery walls - Leads to hardening of walls with loss of elasticity or ability to expand fully - Plaque build up roughens walls so clotting factors can stick to walls - Plaque narrows lumen of art
Surgical asepsis
Atherosclerosis effects on nutritional status of patient
Fidelity
Nonmaleficence


10. Inability to delay need to urinate
Urge Incontinence
Maslows Hiearchy of Needs - Self Esteem
Dying patient's Bill of Rights
How one provides continuity of care


11. Integration of mental & muscular activity (physical)
micturition - urination - or voiding
Psychomotor learning
Pre - operative assessment includes
Ways to help a patient manage pain


12. Composed of white blood cells - liquefied dead tissue debris - & dead & live bacteria
Nursing considerations for peristomal care.
Perceived loss
Purulent wound drainage
solube fiber


13. Plantlike organisms - molds (Ex: Athlete's foot - Ringworm)
How does renal disease affect a patients nutrional health
Factors that affect a patients health state
Fungi
Nurses role with 'informed consent'


14. Helps remove mucus & is usually taught with deep breathing (esp. important for patients with increased risk of respiratory complications)
Enuresis
Cognitive learning
Post - operative complications Coughing
Characteristics of a colostomy


15. Total Parenteral Nutrition - nutritional therapy that bypasses the GI tract for patients who are unable to take food orally; meets patient's nutritional needs by way of nutrient - filled solutions administered intravenously through a central vein
TPN
Maslow's Hierachy of Needs - Safety and Security
Stoma Bag/Appliance changes
Autonomy


16. Equal care & rights for all
Nursing Interventions to promote post - operative bowel elimination needs.
Surgical classifications: Urgent
Social Justice
Patient Teaching necessary to prevent potential post - operative complications.


17. Freedom from pathogenic organisms in a specific area - Clean' vs 'Soiled' - patient or in patient's room - Achieved by: Confining pathogens within a given area - Limiting growth & numbers of pathogens - Limiting transmission of pathogens from place
Convalescent period
Community Factors Affecting Health
Living Wills
Medical Asepsis - clean technique


18. Legal document that protects patient - physician - & healthcare institution - Person who is performing procedure (physician) is responsible for securing consent & explaining procedure to patient - Nurse signs as a witness - signifying that patient si

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19. Acceptable environment for an infectious agent
Benefits of exercise as it relates to a patient's ability to heal - rest - etc.
Factors that affect a patients health state
Susceptible Host
Where dietary intake of cholesterol can be found


20. Most common nosocomial infection (esp. in elderly) - may cause systemic infections in elderly - more common in females - urethra is shorter; urinary meatus is closer to anus - E. coli - cause of most UTI's - Risk Factors - Sexually active female - ca

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21. Sterile technique; practices that render & keep objects & areas free from microorganisms
Surgical asepsis
What happens during the pre - op phase of surgery
Post - operative complications Incentive Spirometry
pre - operative assessments & screenings


22. Need to void without ability to hold or delay
Urgency - Altered urine pattern
Social Justice
Definition of acute illness
Advance Directives


23. Complete lack of control over urination
Total (reflex) Incontinence
Reconstructive surgery
Purulent wound drainage
Factors that affect a patient's health state.


24. Lab / Screenings - Chest x- ray - is there fluid or anything pressing on the heart? - ECG - heart health - circulatory - ischemia - CBC - WBC's - infection - RBC's - platelets - bleeding time - Chemistry profile - Urinalysis
During Peristomal Bag or Applaince change - opening in karaya
Full stage of illness
What happens during the pre - op phase of surgery
Causes of food poisoning


25. Gradual withdrawal of mechanical ventilation from a patient with a terminal illness or an irreversible condition with a poor prognosis.
Ileostomy -
Terminal weaning from ventilator
Maturational loss
Cognitive teaching strategy


26. Must be done within a reasonably short time frame to preserve health - but is not an emergency.
Overflow Incontinence
Paternalism
Surgical classifications: Urgent
Post - operative complications Turning in bed


27. Difficulty or painful urination
Nursing role with grief and death
Dysuria - Altered urine pattern
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs & Meeting Basic Human Needs and how it's used to treat patients.
Pre - operative assessment includes


28. - Peel fruits & vegetables - Eat dry foods & foods that are piping hot & cooked thoroughly - avoid tap water - ice cubes - fruit juice - fresh salads - unpasteurized dairy products - cold sauces & toppings - open buffets - & undercooked or reheate

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29. Role modeling - discussion - panel discussion - audiovisual materials - role playing - printed materials
Serosanguineous wound drainage
Affective teaching strategy
'informed consent'
Where dietary intake of cholesterol can be found


30. Degree of resistance the potential host has to the pathogen
Terminal weaning from ventilator
Susceptibility
Smoking destroys What type of fat
Serous wound drainage


31. identify factors that may place the patient at greater risk for complications during & after surgery - often conducted several days before surgery as part of pre - operative laboratory screening & teaching
Incontinence
Patient Teaching necessary to prevent potential post - operative complications.
Post - operative complications Coughing
pre - operative assessments & screenings


32. Containing or mixed with blood
Reasons a patient not have an appetite.
Sanguineous wound drainage
Post - operative complications Often painful
Stoma Care Cleansing


33. Permanent change - cause is irreversible alterations in normal anatomy & physiology - require long period of care
chronic illness
Surgical classifications: Urgent
Components of a clear liquid diet
Slow Code


34. Lifestyle - Psychosocial - Environmental - Developmental - Biologic risks
How to stimulate a patients appetite
Signs of patient nearing death
Ethical dilemma
Risk Factors for AlteresFmily health.


35. Must be done immediately to preserve life - a body part - or function
Actual loss
Benefits of exercise as it relates to a patient's ability to heal - rest - etc.
Questions to ask during an abdominal health history
Surgical Classification - emergent


36. Absence of basic human needs results in illness - Presence of basic human needs helps prevent illness or signals health - Meeting basic human needs restores health - One feels something missing when needs are unmet - One feels satisfaction when need

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37. Inability to swallow - Pitting edema - Decreased GI & GU activity - Incontinence - Loss of motion - sensation - reflexes - Elevated temp but cold - clammy skin - Cyanosis - Lowered BP - Noisy - irregular respirations - Cheyne - Stokes - May
Ways to prevent or treat constipation
Clean Catch Specimen Collection
Maslows Hiearchy of Needs - Self - Actualization
Signs of patient nearing death


38. Lifestyle - Psychosocial - Environmental - Developmental - Biologic risks
Advocacy
Factors that affect a patients health state
Portal of Exit
Risk Factors for Altered Family Health


39. Physical: protect from potential or actual harm Emotional: Free of fear - anxiety Allow independence Explanations

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40. Risk factors for illness - Factors in the human dimensions that influence health - illness status - Beliefs and practice - Basic human needs - Self - concept
Human dignity
Factors Affecting Health Status - Beliefs - & Practices
Nursing role with grief and death
Living Wills


41. Allow individual to state in advance What their choices would be should certain circumstances develop
Timed specimen collections (24- hour specimen)
Advance Directives
Stoma Care Cleansing
Nocturia - Altered urine pattern


42. Increase venus return and helps prevent complications of thrombophlebitis & resultant emboli
Palliative surgery
Post - operative complications Leg exercises
Where dietary intake of cholesterol can be found
Social Justice


43. ability to break down nitrogen to excrete
Autonomy
micturition - urination - or voiding
Liver disease effects on nutritional status of a patient
Combination Directive


44. Personal habits - Defecate at the same time each day - Privacy & time allotment - Positioning - sitting upright with feet on ground
Ways to prevent or treat constipation
Susceptible Host
Full stage of illness
Timed specimen collections (24- hour specimen)


45. Works to stimulate peristalsis by distending & irritating bowel - Used to remove stool and/or flatus - relieve constipation or fecal impaction - prevent escape of fecal material during surgical procedures - promote visualization of GI tract by radiog
Cognitive learning
Ways to prevent or treat constipation
cleasing enema
Dying patient's Bill of Rights


46. Cultural - views on healthcare - Environmental - access to healthcare - Socioeconomic - financial resources - insurance - Physical - mobility
Challenges to health care access
Liver disease effects on nutritional status of a patient
TPN
Altruism


47. Two or more clear moral principles apply but support mutually inconsistent courses of action
'informed consent'
What a nurse needs to do about the spiritual needs of a dying patient
Ethical dilemma
Serous wound drainage


48. Backrubs- Warm / cold compresses - Auditory / visual stimuli - TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) - Acupuncture - Placebos - Analgesics - Endorphins - natural analgesic activated by stress & pain - Medications - IV - PO - PCA - Epidu
Patient teaching necessary for post - operative pain control - Management of acute surgical pain.
Fecal Occult Blood Test
Fidelity
Ways to help a patient manage pain


49. Hand Hygiene - Wash - before & after touching patient; before & after wearing gloves - Alchohol - based handrubs - if hands are not visibly soiled - Soap & water - if hands are visibly soiled or contaminated with blood or body fluids; wash for 15 sec
Characteristics of a colostomy
Most effective way to prevent spread of organisms
Functional Incontinence
How does renal disease affect a patients nutrional health


50. Appoints an agent that the person trusts to make decisions in the event of subsequent incapacity.
Factors that affect a patient's health state.
Nursing considerations for peristomal care.
Surgicale Classification - elective
Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare