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Nursing Fundamentals Theory

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lab / Screenings - Chest x- ray - is there fluid or anything pressing on the heart? - ECG - heart health - circulatory - ischemia - CBC - WBC's - infection - RBC's - platelets - bleeding time - Chemistry profile - Urinalysis






2. Interval between pathogen's invasion of the body & the appearance of symptoms; organisms are growing & multiplying






3. Code of ethics; accountability






4. To make or confirm a diagnosis (Ex: breast biopsy - laparoscopy)






5. Provide specific instructions about kinds of healthcare that should be provide or forgone






6. Teach patient & family that pain meds will be ordered by physician & administered by nurse - Patient should ask for pain meds before pain becomes severe - A different med can be ordered if the med does not control pain or has unpleasant side effects






7. Hand Hygiene - Wash - before & after touching patient; before & after wearing gloves - Alchohol - based handrubs - if hands are not visibly soiled - Soap & water - if hands are visibly soiled or contaminated with blood or body fluids; wash for 15 sec






8. Goal of treatment is a comfortable dignified death & that further life - sustaining measures are no longer indicated.






9. Palliative - to relieve or reduce intensity of an illness; is not curative (Ex: colostomy - arthroscopy - balloon angioplasties)






10. Urinary retention - inability to empty bladder






11. Lifestyle - Psychosocial - Environmental - Developmental - Biologic risks






12. Keep promises






13. Activity - movement stimulates intestinal muscle action = peristalsis - abdominal & pelvic muscle exercises to maintain tone for intra - abdominal pressure






14. Personal emotional involvement - Need to explore own beliefs about death - Burn - out from work in areas of frequent death - Critical Care - ER - Hospice - Long Term Care






15. Give each his/her due & act fairly






16. Do - not - resuscitate - an order specifying that there be no attempt to resuscitate a patient in the event of cardiopulmonary arrest - Nurse is obligated to attempt CPR if there is no DNR order - Nurse should clarify the patient's code status: if th

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17. O Spiritual / Religious needs - Know & respect special ceremonies - rituals - Contact clergy to visit if patient desires






18. Smallest of all microorganisms - visible only with an electron microscope (Ex: common cold - AIDS)






19. Improves musculoskeletal system - Improves cardiovascular function - Improves circulation - tissues get oxygen & nutrients - Promotes relaxation

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20. no harsh or abrasive cleansers - use mild soap & water - dry gently - use skin protectant products to toughen area & protect from irritating stool






21. For bowel diversions that bring portion of small or large intestine to abdominal surface for stool elimination - Permanent or temporary diversion - If permanent - may do abdominal - perineal resection to close off rectum & anal area (esp. if cancer i






22. Helps remove mucus & is usually taught with deep breathing (esp. important for patients with increased risk of respiratory complications)






23. Nurse knows the right thing to do but factors make it difficult to follow correct course of action.






24. Stool production will usually not begin for a few days after surgery - surgery inhibits peristalsis - patient has been NPO - enemas to cleanse prior - Mucus may be passed from stoma prior to production of stool - Colostomy may require irrigation to






25. Benefit the patient.






26. In the case of cardiopulmonary or respiratory arrest - calling a code & resuscitating the patient are to be delayed until these measures will be ineffectual.






27. Health history & physical assessment within 24 hrs of surgery to identify risk factors & allergies - Identifying medications & treatments patient is currently receiving - surgery cancels all prior medication orders (Ex: no cumadin - Plavix - aspirin






28. Only in animal products






29. ability to excrete excess nitrogen






30. Plantlike organisms - molds (Ex: Athlete's foot - Ringworm)






31. Understanding & Acceptance: Involve family / friends in patient care - Establish trusting relationship - Refer to support groups

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32. supports & immobilizes a body part - helps a surgical incision helps with comfort and pain.






33. Bowel sounds - auscultate every 4 hrs when patient is awake - reduced or absent; should return within 8-24 hrs after surgery - Distention - assess; esp. if bowel sounds are absent or high - pitched (could indicate paralytic ileus) - Is there an infe






34. Loss of voluntary control of urination






35. Avoid causing harm (Nightengale Pledge






36. Pain reported by patient is determining factor of pain control - Assess pain q 2 hrs after major surgery - Older patient is at risk for undertreatment & overtreatment of pain






37. Physical - genetic inheritance - age - developmental level - race - & gender - Emotional - how the mind affects body function & responds to body conditions - Intellectual - cognitive abilities - educational background - & past experiences - Environme






38. Can be harmful if taken in large amounts - All nutrients work with others to promote good health - Adding large amounts of one vitamin can make the body believe it is deficient in another vitamin - Food is the best source of nutrients - Supplements s






39. To remove a diseased body part (Ex: appendectomy - amputation)






40. Disposable one - piece bags may be used at first - will have karaya or stomahesive attached - After stoma is stable - two - piece bag may be used - face plate attaches to skin around stoma - bag attaches to face plate - easy to remove & empty bag w






41. So patient should be taught to splint the incision (support with pillow or folded bath blanket) & cough during period after pain medication has been administered






42. - Allow to verbalize feelings - fears - Do not leave alone - Include family






43. Death expected within a limited period of time - What patient needs to know - how disease will progress; go through stages of grief; support in decision making; right to consent to or refuse any & all treatment - What family needs to know - how disea






44. Result of unpredictable event (Ex: injury - disaster)






45. Inability to swallow - Pitting edema - Decreased GI & GU activity - Incontinence - Loss of motion - sensation - reflexes - Elevated temp but cold - clammy skin - Cyanosis - Lowered BP - Noisy - irregular respirations - Cheyne - Stokes - May






46. Wash gently with gauze or clean cloth & water - Pat dry






47. Kills organisms but not spores & is bacteriocidal - Betadine - alcohol - chlorine - Depends On what organisms & How many are present - Type of item being disinfected - Time & strength of disinfecting agent is critical






48. Delay or problem starting urinary stream






49. I & O - monitor for fluid volume deficit or overload - Bladder distention - assess by palpating above pubic symphysis if patient has not voided within 8 hrs after surgery or if patient has been voiding frequently in amounts less than 50 mL






50. Result of natural development