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Nursing Fundamentals Theory

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Two or more clear moral principles apply but support mutually inconsistent courses of action






2. Diet - should include adequate fiber or bulk - Whole grains - fruits - vegetables - legumes - Eating at regular intervals helps stimulate peristalsis (gastrocolic reflex) - Food allergies or food poisoning may lead to diarrhea - Some foods cause






3. Interval between pathogen's invasion of the body & the appearance of symptoms; organisms are growing & multiplying






4. Death expected within a limited period of time - What patient needs to know - how disease will progress; go through stages of grief; support in decision making; right to consent to or refuse any & all treatment - What family needs to know - how disea






5. Patients who require in - hospital care are more acutely ill or injured than in the past - Length of stay has decreased; Often leads to re - admissions - Nurses in hospitals must have knowledge & skills to perform complex care to very ill patients






6. Activity - movement stimulates intestinal muscle action = peristalsis - abdominal & pelvic muscle exercises to maintain tone for intra - abdominal pressure






7. Brings small intestine to surface - usually the ileum - stool is always liquid - may drain liquid stool without any control OR - can create inverted nipple & pouch 'continent ostomy' so stool is retained until catheter is inserted to drain OR - diver






8. Must be done within a reasonably short time frame to preserve health - but is not an emergency.






9. Bowel sounds - auscultate every 4 hrs when patient is awake - reduced or absent; should return within 8-24 hrs after surgery - Distention - assess; esp. if bowel sounds are absent or high - pitched (could indicate paralytic ileus) - Is there an infe






10. Lab / Screenings - Chest x- ray - is there fluid or anything pressing on the heart? - ECG - heart health - circulatory - ischemia - CBC - WBC's - infection - RBC's - platelets - bleeding time - Chemistry profile - Urinalysis






11. Provide specific instructions about kinds of healthcare that should be provide or forgone






12. Collect from specimen port on drainage tubing - Cleanse with alcohol & use sterile syringe to pull out urine - Collect urine only from upper tubing - never from drainage bag - Urinalysis - collect 30 mL; Culture & Sensitivity (C&S) - collect 10 mL -






13. Process of emptying the bladder






14. identify factors that may place the patient at greater risk for complications during & after surgery - often conducted several days before surgery as part of pre - operative laboratory screening & teaching






15. Regular exercise






16. Recovery period; returns to a healty state; feeling better






17. Frequency & amount of stools - history of diarrhea - constipation - impaction - Any abnormality of stool appearance - Use of laxatives or enemas - Dietary habits - food allergies - fluids - fiber - Amount of activity & exercise - Medications - Stress






18. Incontinence in child after toilet control expected






19. Point of escape of the organism from the reservoir (Ex: Respiratory - GI - Genitourinary - break in skin)






20. Inability to empty bladder






21. Appoints an agent that the person trusts to make decisions in the event of subsequent incapacity.






22. Health - state of complete physical - mental - & social well being - not merely the absence of disease - Wellness - active state - oriented toward maximizing the potential of the individual

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23. Provide information on What is happening - Provide private area to grieve - Allow family time alone with patient before & after death - if so desired - Assist with contacting mortician - May attend funeral services

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24. Right of self - determination; informed choices for patients - right to choose






25. Backrubs- Warm / cold compresses - Auditory / visual stimuli - TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) - Acupuncture - Placebos - Analgesics - Endorphins - natural analgesic activated by stress & pain - Medications - IV - PO - PCA - Epidu






26. Brings large intestine to surface Can be created anywhere along large intestine - Consistency of stool depends on how far stool travels through colon before diversion - May be able to train bowel to evacuate at same time each day - if solid stool






27. Increase venus return and helps prevent complications of thrombophlebitis & resultant emboli






28. Cholesterol: Heredity is biggest factor in how body produces - handles - & excretes cholesterol - Type & amount of fat in diet - Saturated fats: carry cholesterol and stimulate liver to make cholesterol - Higher fat diets can elevate cholesterol blo






29. Build - up of fat - cholesterol & calcium on inside of artery walls - Leads to hardening of walls with loss of elasticity or ability to expand fully - Plaque build up roughens walls so clotting factors can stick to walls - Plaque narrows lumen of art






30. Give each his/her due & act fairly






31. Gradual withdrawal of mechanical ventilation from a patient with a terminal illness or an irreversible condition with a poor prognosis.






32. ability to break down nitrogen to excrete






33. Only in animal products






34. Loss of voluntary control of urination






35. Teach patient & family that pain meds will be ordered by physician & administered by nurse - Patient should ask for pain meds before pain becomes severe - A different med can be ordered if the med does not control pain or has unpleasant side effects






36. Should be moist & red or pink if circulation is adequate - Pale or bluish indicates problem - bleeds easily (mucosa) but amount is minimal - Very edematous at first - but will shrink down to normal size as healing occurs (6-8 weeks) - Protrude above






37. Storing & recalling of new knowledge (brain)






38. Should be cut 1/8 inch larger than stoma to protect skin & avoid stoma rub - may use charcoal or other deodorizer in bag to control odor - Bismuth subgallate oral also controls odor






39. Must be done immediately to preserve life - a body part - or function






40. Hand Hygiene - Wash - before & after touching patient; before & after wearing gloves - Alchohol - based handrubs - if hands are not visibly soiled - Soap & water - if hands are visibly soiled or contaminated with blood or body fluids; wash for 15 sec






41. Complete lack of control over urination






42. Most significant & most commonly observed infection - causing agents in healthcare institutions






43. Personal emotional involvement - Need to explore own beliefs about death - Burn - out from work in areas of frequent death - Critical Care - ER - Hospice - Long Term Care






44. Rapid onset - lasts short period of time






45. Plantlike organisms - molds (Ex: Athlete's foot - Ringworm)






46. Permanent change - cause is irreversible alterations in normal anatomy & physiology - require long period of care






47. - Skin care - clean & dry - Oral & nasal care q 2 hr - Turn & reposition q 2 hr - Pain control - Maintain nutrition & hydration - Patent airway - Vision may diminish - control lighting in the room






48. Deep breathing (TCDB - Turn - Cough - Deep Breathing) - During surgery - cough reflex is suppresses - mucus accumulates - & lungs do not ventilate fully. After surgery - respirations are less effective due to anesthesia - pain meds - & pain - hyperv






49. North American Nursing Diagnosis Association is a way to define what nurses can diagnose in the nursing realm & a way to find interventions & outcomes. Nursing Diagnosis must be a NAndA approved diagnosis - NIC - Nursing Interventions Classification






50. ability to excrete excess nitrogen