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Nursing Fundamentals Theory

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Provide specific instructions about kinds of healthcare that should be provide or forgone






2. Goal of treatment is a comfortable dignified death & that further life - sustaining measures are no longer indicated.






3. Hematest & guaiac test are chemical tests commonly used - False - positive results - from ingesting red meat - animal liver & kidneys - salmon - tuna - mackerel & sardines - tomatoes - cauliflower - horseradish - turnips - melon - bananas - & soybean






4. Changes in attitude - values - feelings (emotional)






5. Most common nosocomial infection (esp. in elderly) - may cause systemic infections in elderly - more common in females - urethra is shorter; urinary meatus is closer to anus - E. coli - cause of most UTI's - Risk Factors - Sexually active female - ca

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6. - Skin care - clean & dry - Oral & nasal care q 2 hr - Turn & reposition q 2 hr - Pain control - Maintain nutrition & hydration - Patent airway - Vision may diminish - control lighting in the room






7. Kills organisms but not spores & is bacteriocidal - Betadine - alcohol - chlorine - Depends On what organisms & How many are present - Type of item being disinfected - Time & strength of disinfecting agent is critical






8. Freedom from pathogenic organisms in a specific area - Clean' vs 'Soiled' - patient or in patient's room - Achieved by: Confining pathogens within a given area - Limiting growth & numbers of pathogens - Limiting transmission of pathogens from place






9. Palliative - to relieve or reduce intensity of an illness; is not curative (Ex: colostomy - arthroscopy - balloon angioplasties)






10. Most significant & most commonly observed infection - causing agents in healthcare institutions






11. Liquids can have color but must be able to see through (Coffee is ok) - No milk products - Nutritionally inadequate over time - Used as preparation for surgery - diagnostic studies - post - operative advancement - Hydrates - rests GI tract - N






12. Respect for inherent worth & uniqueness of the individual; patient privacy & confidentiality






13. Health history & physical assessment within 24 hrs of surgery to identify risk factors & allergies - Identifying medications & treatments patient is currently receiving - surgery cancels all prior medication orders (Ex: no cumadin - Plavix - aspirin






14. Current Trends in Nursing - Nursing shortage - Evidence - based practice - Community- based nursing - Decreased length of hospital stay - Aging population - Increase in chronic care conditions - Independent nursing practice - Culturally competent ca






15. Concern for the welfare of others; patient advocacy; respect for other cultures - perspectives






16. Process of emptying the bladder






17. Nurse knows the right thing to do but factors make it difficult to follow correct course of action.






18. Patient's voluntary agreement to undergo a procedure or treatment after receiving the following information in layman's terms: Description of procedures & potential alternatives - Underlying disease process & its course - Name & qualifications of per

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19. Personal habits - Defecate at the same time each day - Privacy & time allotment - Positioning - sitting upright with feet on ground






20. Interval between pathogen's invasion of the body & the appearance of symptoms; organisms are growing & multiplying






21. Diet - should include adequate fiber or bulk - Whole grains - fruits - vegetables - legumes - Eating at regular intervals helps stimulate peristalsis (gastrocolic reflex) - Food allergies or food poisoning may lead to diarrhea - Some foods cause






22. Storing & recalling of new knowledge (brain)






23. ability to excrete excess nitrogen






24. Incontinence in child after toilet control expected






25. Lifestyle - Psychosocial - Environmental - Developmental - Biologic risks






26. For bowel diversions that bring portion of small or large intestine to abdominal surface for stool elimination - Permanent or temporary diversion - If permanent - may do abdominal - perineal resection to close off rectum & anal area (esp. if cancer i






27. Process by which healthcare providers give appropriate - uninterrupted care & facilitate the patient's transition between different setting & levels of care - Teaching patient & family - self - care - medications - Involve patient & family in care p






28. Brings small intestine to surface - usually the ileum - stool is always liquid - may drain liquid stool without any control OR - can create inverted nipple & pouch 'continent ostomy' so stool is retained until catheter is inserted to drain OR - diver






29. Difficulty or painful urination






30. Medications - narcotics - iron preparations - chronic use of stimulant laxatives - antibiotics - Constipation or diarrhea is common side effect of meds Treat Constipation: - increasing fiber - fluids - activity - allowing time daily - may use bulk






31. Do - not - resuscitate - an order specifying that there be no attempt to resuscitate a patient in the event of cardiopulmonary arrest - Nurse is obligated to attempt CPR if there is no DNR order - Nurse should clarify the patient's code status: if th

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32. Result of unpredictable event (Ex: injury - disaster)






33. Specific signs & symptom






34. Medicate for pain - N/V - Rest periods before each meal - Offer mouth care prior to each meal - Be sure dentures are clean & in mouth - Offer foods patient likes & can eat - Cold - soft foods may be better tolerated - Smaller portions - More frequent






35. Uses reagent substances to detect the enzyme peroxidase in the hemoglobin molecule






36. Timed specimen collections (24- hour specimen): obtain correct container & preservative or ice if needed - Instruct patient/family about collection - Begin with empty bladder - end with empty bladder - Have patient void before beginning - Have patien






37. Altered self - image






38. Pain reported by patient is determining factor of pain control - Assess pain q 2 hrs after major surgery - Older patient is at risk for undertreatment & overtreatment of pain






39. collected during midstream - first small amount of urine voided helps to flush away any organisms near the meatus - urine voided at midstream is most characteristic of urine body is producing - patient voids & discards a small amount of urine; contin






40. Regular exercise






41. Role modeling - discussion - panel discussion - audiovisual materials - role playing - printed materials






42. Must be done immediately to preserve life - a body part - or function






43. Absence of basic human needs results in illness - Presence of basic human needs helps prevent illness or signals health - Meeting basic human needs restores health - One feels something missing when needs are unmet - One feels satisfaction when need

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44. Smallest of all microorganisms - visible only with an electron microscope (Ex: common cold - AIDS)






45. Frequency & amount of stools - history of diarrhea - constipation - impaction - Any abnormality of stool appearance - Use of laxatives or enemas - Dietary habits - food allergies - fluids - fiber - Amount of activity & exercise - Medications - Stress






46. Avoid causing harm (Nightengale Pledge






47. skin should be intact - free of redness - Watch for any irritation - rash - signs of infection - Erosion around stoma can cause stoma to become flat or indented






48. Demonstration - discovery - audiovisual materials - printed materials






49. Frequency that occurs during sleeping hours






50. Binds fat & cholesterol to decrease absorption into bloodstream from GI tract