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Nursing Fundamentals Theory

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Patient's voluntary agreement to undergo a procedure or treatment after receiving the following information in layman's terms: Description of procedures & potential alternatives - Underlying disease process & its course - Name & qualifications of per

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2. Brings large intestine to surface Can be created anywhere along large intestine - Consistency of stool depends on how far stool travels through colon before diversion - May be able to train bowel to evacuate at same time each day - if solid stool






3. Lifestyle - Psychosocial - Environmental - Developmental - Biologic risks






4. To remove a diseased body part (Ex: appendectomy - amputation)






5. Wash gently with gauze or clean cloth & water - Pat dry






6. Recognized by others as well as patient (Ex: loss of job - spouse)






7. Point of escape of the organism from the reservoir (Ex: Respiratory - GI - Genitourinary - break in skin)






8. Build - up of fat - cholesterol & calcium on inside of artery walls - Leads to hardening of walls with loss of elasticity or ability to expand fully - Plaque build up roughens walls so clotting factors can stick to walls - Plaque narrows lumen of art






9. Binds fat & cholesterol to decrease absorption into bloodstream from GI tract






10. Health history & physical assessment within 24 hrs of surgery to identify risk factors & allergies - Identifying medications & treatments patient is currently receiving - surgery cancels all prior medication orders (Ex: no cumadin - Plavix - aspirin






11. Allow individual to state in advance What their choices would be should certain circumstances develop






12. Reach full potential through development of capabilities - Continues throughout life: Acceptance of self & others as they are -






13. Recovery period; returns to a healty state; feeling better






14. Specific signs & symptom






15. - Peel fruits & vegetables - Eat dry foods & foods that are piping hot & cooked thoroughly - avoid tap water - ice cubes - fruit juice - fresh salads - unpasteurized dairy products - cold sauces & toppings - open buffets - & undercooked or reheate

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16. skin should be intact - free of redness - Watch for any irritation - rash - signs of infection - Erosion around stoma can cause stoma to become flat or indented






17. Act for patient without their consent; Overrides patient autonomy; Nurse decides What is in best interest of patient






18. Right of self - determination; informed choices for patients - right to choose






19. Medications - narcotics - iron preparations - chronic use of stimulant laxatives - antibiotics - Constipation or diarrhea is common side effect of meds Treat Constipation: - increasing fiber - fluids - activity - allowing time daily - may use bulk






20. Diet - should include adequate fiber or bulk - Whole grains - fruits - vegetables - legumes - Eating at regular intervals helps stimulate peristalsis (gastrocolic reflex) - Food allergies or food poisoning may lead to diarrhea - Some foods cause






21. Current Trends in Nursing - Nursing shortage - Evidence - based practice - Community- based nursing - Decreased length of hospital stay - Aging population - Increase in chronic care conditions - Independent nursing practice - Culturally competent ca






22. ability to excrete excess nitrogen






23. Changes in attitude - values - feelings (emotional)






24. Must be done within a reasonably short time frame to preserve health - but is not an emergency.






25. Most common nosocomial infection (esp. in elderly) - may cause systemic infections in elderly - more common in females - urethra is shorter; urinary meatus is closer to anus - E. coli - cause of most UTI's - Risk Factors - Sexually active female - ca

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26. Retards growth of organisms & is bacteriostatic






27. Process of emptying the bladder






28. Uses reagent substances to detect the enzyme peroxidase in the hemoglobin molecule






29. Felt by person but intangible to others (Ex: loss of youth - independence)






30. Stool production will usually not begin for a few days after surgery - surgery inhibits peristalsis - patient has been NPO - enemas to cleanse prior - Mucus may be passed from stoma prior to production of stool - Colostomy may require irrigation






31. Works to stimulate peristalsis by distending & irritating bowel - Used to remove stool and/or flatus - relieve constipation or fecal impaction - prevent escape of fecal material during surgical procedures - promote visualization of GI tract by radiog






32. Understanding & Acceptance: Involve family / friends in patient care - Establish trusting relationship - Refer to support groups

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33. Loss of voluntary control of urination






34. Combination of Power of Attorney for Healthcare & Living Will






35. Altered self - image






36. Health - state of complete physical - mental - & social well being - not merely the absence of disease - Wellness - active state - oriented toward maximizing the potential of the individual






37. Incontinence in child after toilet control expected






38. Dysuria - urinary frequency or urgency - cloudy urine with foul odor






39. Integration of mental & muscular activity (physical)






40. Developmental considerations - child has limited understanding but needs to grieve - Family - Who has died - Socioeconomics - financial burden or loss; Cause of Death - Culture - Gender - Religion






41. Containing or mixed with blood






42. Gradual withdrawal of mechanical ventilation from a patient with a terminal illness or an irreversible condition with a poor prognosis.






43. Provide information on What is happening - Provide private area to grieve - Allow family time alone with patient before & after death - if so desired - Assist with contacting mortician - May attend funeral services

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44. Can be harmful if taken in large amounts - All nutrients work with others to promote good health - Adding large amounts of one vitamin can make the body believe it is deficient in another vitamin - Food is the best source of nutrients - Supplements s






45. Avoid causing harm (Nightengale Pledge






46. Oxygen; skin color - V/S - mental responsiveness; Intake & elimination of fluids;I & O - skin turgor - weight - mucous membranes; Food;weight - muscle mass - labs; Temperature;Physical activity;Rest & sleep

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47. Deep breathing (TCDB - Turn - Cough - Deep Breathing) - During surgery - cough reflex is suppresses - mucus accumulates - & lungs do not ventilate fully. After surgery - respirations are less effective due to anesthesia - pain meds - & pain - hyperv






48. Activity - movement stimulates intestinal muscle action = peristalsis - abdominal & pelvic muscle exercises to maintain tone for intra - abdominal pressure






49. Interval between pathogen's invasion of the body & the appearance of symptoms; organisms are growing & multiplying






50. North American Nursing Diagnosis Association is a way to define what nurses can diagnose in the nursing realm & a way to find interventions & outcomes. Nursing Diagnosis must be a NAndA approved diagnosis - NIC - Nursing Interventions Classification