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Nursing Fundamentals Theory

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Allow individual to state in advance What their choices would be should certain circumstances develop






2. Timed specimen collections (24- hour specimen): obtain correct container & preservative or ice if needed - Instruct patient/family about collection - Begin with empty bladder - end with empty bladder - Have patient void before beginning - Have patien






3. Plantlike organisms - molds (Ex: Athlete's foot - Ringworm)






4. - Allow to verbalize feelings - fears - Do not leave alone - Include family






5. Diet - should include adequate fiber or bulk - Whole grains - fruits - vegetables - legumes - Eating at regular intervals helps stimulate peristalsis (gastrocolic reflex) - Food allergies or food poisoning may lead to diarrhea - Some foods cause






6. Total Parenteral Nutrition - nutritional therapy that bypasses the GI tract for patients who are unable to take food orally; meets patient's nutritional needs by way of nutrient - filled solutions administered intravenously through a central vein






7. Build - up of fat - cholesterol & calcium on inside of artery walls - Leads to hardening of walls with loss of elasticity or ability to expand fully - Plaque build up roughens walls so clotting factors can stick to walls - Plaque narrows lumen of art






8. Patient's voluntary agreement to undergo a procedure or treatment after receiving the following information in layman's terms: Description of procedures & potential alternatives - Underlying disease process & its course - Name & qualifications of per

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9. Mixture of serum & red blood cells






10. Respect values & beliefs - Role change - Body image change - Encourage to set attainable goals - Facilitate support from family / friends






11. Composed of white blood cells - liquefied dead tissue debris - & dead & live bacteria






12. Improves musculoskeletal system - Improves cardiovascular function - Improves circulation - tissues get oxygen & nutrients - Promotes relaxation

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13. To remove a diseased body part (Ex: appendectomy - amputation)






14. Lifestyle - Psychosocial - Environmental - Developmental - Biologic risks






15. Complete lack of control over urination






16. Salmonella bacillus from raw eggs or chicken - Bacterial enteropathogens - viruses - or parasites - cause Traveler's diarrhea - Undercooked meat






17. Inability to get to toilet in time or inability to recognize need to urinate






18. Hematest & guaiac test are chemical tests commonly used - False - positive results - from ingesting red meat - animal liver & kidneys - salmon - tuna - mackerel & sardines - tomatoes - cauliflower - horseradish - turnips - melon - bananas - & soybean






19. Must be done within a reasonably short time frame to preserve health - but is not an emergency.






20. no harsh or abrasive cleansers - use mild soap & water - dry gently - use skin protectant products to toughen area & protect from irritating stool






21. Personal habits - Defecate at the same time each day - Privacy & time allotment - Positioning - sitting upright with feet on ground






22. Appoints an agent that the person trusts to make decisions in the event of subsequent incapacity.






23. Oxygen; skin color - V/S - mental responsiveness; Intake & elimination of fluids;I & O - skin turgor - weight - mucous membranes; Food;weight - muscle mass - labs; Temperature;Physical activity;Rest & sleep

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24. Recovery period; returns to a healty state; feeling better






25. Recognized by others as well as patient (Ex: loss of job - spouse)






26. Most common nosocomial infection (esp. in elderly) - may cause systemic infections in elderly - more common in females - urethra is shorter; urinary meatus is closer to anus - E. coli - cause of most UTI's - Risk Factors - Sexually active female - ca

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27. Uses reagent substances to detect the enzyme peroxidase in the hemoglobin molecule






28. Health history & physical assessment within 24 hrs of surgery to identify risk factors & allergies - Identifying medications & treatments patient is currently receiving - surgery cancels all prior medication orders (Ex: no cumadin - Plavix - aspirin






29. Patients who require in - hospital care are more acutely ill or injured than in the past - Length of stay has decreased; Often leads to re - admissions - Nurses in hospitals must have knowledge & skills to perform complex care to very ill patients






30. Inspect






31. skin should be intact - free of redness - Watch for any irritation - rash - signs of infection - Erosion around stoma can cause stoma to become flat or indented






32. Early signs & symptoms are present but are often vague & nonspecific; patient does not realize he is contagious






33. Role modeling - discussion - panel discussion - audiovisual materials - role playing - printed materials






34. Containing or mixed with blood






35. Works to stimulate peristalsis by distending & irritating bowel - Used to remove stool and/or flatus - relieve constipation or fecal impaction - prevent escape of fecal material during surgical procedures - promote visualization of GI tract by radiog






36. Provide specific instructions about kinds of healthcare that should be provide or forgone






37. Concern for the welfare of others; patient advocacy; respect for other cultures - perspectives






38. Understanding & Acceptance: Involve family / friends in patient care - Establish trusting relationship - Refer to support groups

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39. Personal emotional involvement - Need to explore own beliefs about death - Burn - out from work in areas of frequent death - Critical Care - ER - Hospice - Long Term Care






40. Point where an organism enters a new host; GI - GU - Respiratory - break in skin or mucous membranes






41. Risk factors for illness - Factors in the human dimensions that influence health - illness status - Beliefs and practice - Basic human needs - Self - concept






42. Voiding too often but normal total amounts






43. Rapid onset - lasts short period of time






44. Result of unpredictable event (Ex: injury - disaster)






45. Bowel sounds - auscultate every 4 hrs when patient is awake - reduced or absent; should return within 8-24 hrs after surgery - Distention - assess; esp. if bowel sounds are absent or high - pitched (could indicate paralytic ileus) - Is there an infe






46. ability to break down nitrogen to excrete






47. Medications - narcotics - iron preparations - chronic use of stimulant laxatives - antibiotics - Constipation or diarrhea is common side effect of meds Treat Constipation: - increasing fiber - fluids - activity - allowing time daily - may use bulk






48. Most significant & most commonly observed infection - causing agents in healthcare institutions






49. Death expected within a limited period of time - What patient needs to know - how disease will progress; go through stages of grief; support in decision making; right to consent to or refuse any & all treatment - What family needs to know - how disea






50. Wash gently with gauze or clean cloth & water - Pat dry