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Nursing Fundamentals Theory

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stool production will usually not begin for a few days after surgery - surgery inhibits peristalsis - patient has been NPO - enemas to cleanse prior - Mucus may be passed from stoma prior to production of stool - Colostomy may require irrigation






2. Absence of basic human needs results in illness - Presence of basic human needs helps prevent illness or signals health - Meeting basic human needs restores health - One feels something missing when needs are unmet - One feels satisfaction when need

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3. A natural habitat of an organism (Ex: other humans - animals - soil - inanimate objects - water - milk - food)






4. Physical: protect from potential or actual harm Emotional: Free of fear - anxiety Allow independence Explanations

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5. I & O - monitor for fluid volume deficit or overload - Bladder distention - assess by palpating above pubic symphysis if patient has not voided within 8 hrs after surgery or if patient has been voiding frequently in amounts less than 50 mL






6. Urinary retention - inability to empty bladder






7. Right of self - determination; informed choices for patients - right to choose






8. Patient's voluntary agreement to undergo a procedure or treatment after receiving the following information in layman's terms: Description of procedures & potential alternatives - Underlying disease process & its course - Name & qualifications of per

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9. - Skin care - clean & dry - Oral & nasal care q 2 hr - Turn & reposition q 2 hr - Pain control - Maintain nutrition & hydration - Patent airway - Vision may diminish - control lighting in the room






10. Provide specific instructions about kinds of healthcare that should be provide or forgone






11. Composed of clear - serous portion of the blood & from serous membranes






12. Sense of hopefulness - participation in decisions - expression of feelings & emotions - Not die alone - religious or spiritual needs - honesty

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13. Timed specimen collections (24- hour specimen): obtain correct container & preservative or ice if needed - Instruct patient/family about collection - Begin with empty bladder - end with empty bladder - Have patient void before beginning - Have patien






14. Kills organisms but not spores & is bacteriocidal - Betadine - alcohol - chlorine - Depends On what organisms & How many are present - Type of item being disinfected - Time & strength of disinfecting agent is critical






15. Early signs & symptoms are present but are often vague & nonspecific; patient does not realize he is contagious






16. Mixture of serum & red blood cells






17. Liquids can have color but must be able to see through (Coffee is ok) - No milk products - Nutritionally inadequate over time - Used as preparation for surgery - diagnostic studies - post - operative advancement - Hydrates - rests GI tract - N






18. Assess for: - illness - fever - fatigue - N/V - medications - can alter taste or decrease appetite (chemo - steroids) - poor fitting dentures - no teeth - bad teeth - mouth problems - lesions - inflamed mucosa - pain - dislike of certain foods - unfa






19. Developmental considerations - child has limited understanding but needs to grieve - Family - Who has died - Socioeconomics - financial burden or loss; Cause of Death - Culture - Gender - Religion






20. Brings small intestine to surface - usually the ileum - stool is always liquid - may drain liquid stool without any control OR - can create inverted nipple & pouch 'continent ostomy' so stool is retained until catheter is inserted to drain OR - diver






21. Health - state of complete physical - mental - & social well being - not merely the absence of disease - Wellness - active state - oriented toward maximizing the potential of the individual






22. Backrubs- Warm / cold compresses - Auditory / visual stimuli - TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) - Acupuncture - Placebos - Analgesics - Endorphins - natural analgesic activated by stress & pain - Medications - IV - PO - PCA - Epidu






23. O Spiritual / Religious needs - Know & respect special ceremonies - rituals - Contact clergy to visit if patient desires






24. Respect values & beliefs - Role change - Body image change - Encourage to set attainable goals - Facilitate support from family / friends






25. Legal document that protects patient - physician - & healthcare institution - Person who is performing procedure (physician) is responsible for securing consent & explaining procedure to patient - Nurse signs as a witness - signifying that patient si

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26. Freedom from pathogenic organisms in a specific area - Clean' vs 'Soiled' - patient or in patient's room - Achieved by: Confining pathogens within a given area - Limiting growth & numbers of pathogens - Limiting transmission of pathogens from place






27. Health history & physical assessment within 24 hrs of surgery to identify risk factors & allergies - Identifying medications & treatments patient is currently receiving - surgery cancels all prior medication orders (Ex: no cumadin - Plavix - aspirin






28. 1. Denial & Isolation 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance

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29. Regular exercise






30. Complete lack of control over urination






31. Felt by person but intangible to others (Ex: loss of youth - independence)






32. Give each his/her due & act fairly






33. Retards growth of organisms & is bacteriostatic






34. Inspect






35. Disposable one - piece bags may be used at first - will have karaya or stomahesive attached - After stoma is stable - two - piece bag may be used - face plate attaches to skin around stoma - bag attaches to face plate - easy to remove & empty bag w






36. To restore function to traumatized or malfunctioning tissue (Ex: plastic surgery - breast reconstruction - skin graft)






37. Physical - genetic inheritance - age - developmental level - race - & gender - Emotional - how the mind affects body function & responds to body conditions - Intellectual - cognitive abilities - educational background - & past experiences - Environme






38. Helps remove mucus & is usually taught with deep breathing (esp. important for patients with increased risk of respiratory complications)






39. In the case of cardiopulmonary or respiratory arrest - calling a code & resuscitating the patient are to be delayed until these measures will be ineffectual.






40. Permanent change - cause is irreversible alterations in normal anatomy & physiology - require long period of care






41. Loss of voluntary control of urination






42. To make or confirm a diagnosis (Ex: breast biopsy - laparoscopy)






43. Binds fat & cholesterol to decrease absorption into bloodstream from GI tract






44. Deep breathing (TCDB - Turn - Cough - Deep Breathing) - During surgery - cough reflex is suppresses - mucus accumulates - & lungs do not ventilate fully. After surgery - respirations are less effective due to anesthesia - pain meds - & pain - hyperv






45. Result of unpredictable event (Ex: injury - disaster)






46. Avoid causing harm (Nightengale Pledge






47. Understanding & Acceptance: Involve family / friends in patient care - Establish trusting relationship - Refer to support groups

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48. Smallest of all microorganisms - visible only with an electron microscope (Ex: common cold - AIDS)






49. Inability to delay need to urinate






50. Storing & recalling of new knowledge (brain)