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Nutrition Diagnosis

Subjects : health-sciences, nursing, health-fitness-nutrition

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is Full-Liquid Diet?
Encourage patient to think/talk about food before meals - Can help stimulate flow of saliva - Aids in formation of bolus - Chewing and swallowing process - Tart or sour foods - Stimulate saliva production - Have patient lick jelly from the lips - puc
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN
Carbohydrate - Dextrose solutions - Available in initial concentrations of 5% to 70% - Mixed with amino acids and other nutrients to form the final solution - Protein - Mixture of essential and nonessential crystalline amino acids - Available wi

2. Excessive enteral nutrition infusion
Underweight-bmi<18.5 normal- 18.5-24.9 overweight-25.0-29.9 obese- bmi>30
High BUN - High BGL - High liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
Low serum vitamin levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake

3. What are the Anthropometric measures?
Height/length -Weight -BMI -Body Measures (skin fold thickness)
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
Allows body to heal -To prepare diagnostic test -To prepare Surgical Procedure

4. Excessive or inappropriate fat intake
Biochemical parameters indicating suboptimal nutrient intake - Estimated intake less than needs - Cultural or religious practices - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite
Collecting food in the mouth - Spitting out food - Inability to control tongue - Coughing before or after swallowing - Choking - Excessive drooling - Regurgitation of food or liquid through nose - mouth or trach tube - Increased time required to eat
High chol - amylase/lipase - liver function tests - Diet hx high fat
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress

5. What are some other Restricted Diets?

6. What is Regular/General Diet?
Based on - Patient's digestive and absorptive capabilities - Metabolic requirements - Need for fluid restriction - Done in conjunction with dietician who will calculate patients individual nutritional need and develop plan to initiate feedings
Abnormal liver enzymes - Fatty liver - Weight gain/loss - Edema
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used
Designed to attain or maintain optimal nutritional status in those who do not require modified or therapeutic diets - Used to promote health and reduce risks for developing chronic diet-related diseases

7. Excessive energy intake
Biochemical parameters indicating suboptimal nutrient intake - Estimated intake less than needs - Cultural or religious practices - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite
Weight gain - Diet hx of energy dense food intake
Method of feeding clients who do not have a functioning GI tract - Clinical disease (malabsorption) - surgical intervention - trauma/stress - malignancies - Energy and nutrients provided intravenously - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - Infused into
GI problems - Diarrhea - Nausea and vomiting - Cramping - Distention - Constipation - Mechanical complications - Tube displacement - Tube obstruction - Pulmonary aspiration - Mucosal damage

8. Inadequate enteral nutrition infusion
Technical complications - Pneumothorax - Septic complications - Local or systemic - Metabolic complications - Most common complication - Most common is hyperglycemia
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver
Low cholesterol - Low Ca - High PTT - Low Cu/Zn/Fe - Weight loss - Dehydration
Weight loss (5% in 1 month; 10% in 6 months) - Increased activity - dx: Parkinsons - cerebral palsy - dementia

9. What is the assessment of nutritional risk approach? (abcd)
A- Anthropometric approach B- Biochemical Tests C- Clinical Observations D- Diet Evaluations (Kcal - 24 hr recall etc)
CHO 55-60% - protein 10-20% - lipid <30% - fiber 20-35 grams - Evaluate glucose levels - serum lipids - kcalories - diet - insulin/medication
Poor nutrition prevents or delays recovery from injury.
Diet hx of low fiber intake - Constipation/low stool volume

10. What is the short-term nutritional biochemical analysis? What are the values?
14 days of admission
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support
Food allergy diet - Common: nuts - eggs - cow's milk - shellfish - wheat - Gluten-restricted diet - Celiac disease (malabsorption syndrome) - Omits wheat - rye - barley - oats - buckwheat - malt - Allows rice and corn - Lactose-restricted - Primary i
Prealbumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 16-40 g/dl Compromised Protein status: 10-15 g/dl Possible protein malnutrition: <10 g/dl

11. Predicted Excessive Nutrient Intake
Low cholesterol - Low Ca - High PTT - Low Cu/Zn/Fe - Weight loss - Dehydration
Biochemical parameters indicating excessive nutrient intake - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite - Nutrition in Patient Care
A- Anthropometric approach B- Biochemical Tests C- Clinical Observations D- Diet Evaluations (Kcal - 24 hr recall etc)
Low HDL - High TSH - High Mg - High PO4 - Diet hx of xs intake - Liver damage - GI distress

12. What is Dysphagia? What are some of the acute/progressive causes?

13. Symptoms of Intakes - Increased energy expenditure
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH
High BUN - High BGL - High liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema
Patients who have difficulty chewing or swallowing food - Goal is to provide a diet that meets nutritional needs and prevents aspiration - Causes of dysphagia - Acute: CVA - seizure - trauma - surgery - anoxia - Progressive: dementia - Parkinson's -
Weight loss (5% in 1 month; 10% in 6 months) - Increased activity - dx: Parkinsons - cerebral palsy - dementia

14. What are the confirmations of tube placement?
Provides essential nutrients in blenderized form - Clients who are unable to chew or swallow - Can be used long-term
Anthropometric data -Clinical data -Dietary intake assessment
Before Putting anything in - Radiography - pH of aspirated fluids - Air injection and ausculation - Visual assessment of aspiration
High chol - amylase/lipase - liver function tests - Diet hx high fat

15. Excessive oral food/beverage intake
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
Used when patient has functioning GI tract - Used when patients unable to orally consume adequate nutrients and kcal - Preferred over parenteral nutrition - Physiologically beneficial in maintaining the integrity and function of the gut - Short-term

16. How long does TJC require resident screenings to be done during admission?
High AST/GGT - Blood ETOH - diet hx of > 2 drinks/day - liver dx
Patients who have difficulty chewing or swallowing food - Goal is to provide a diet that meets nutritional needs and prevents aspiration - Causes of dysphagia - Acute: CVA - seizure - trauma - surgery - anoxia - Progressive: dementia - Parkinson's -
14 days of admission
TJC requires screenings within 48hrs

17. What are some tube-feeding complications?
Anthropometric data -Clinical data -Dietary intake assessment
Low serum vitamin levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake
GI problems - Diarrhea - Nausea and vomiting - Cramping - Distention - Constipation - Mechanical complications - Tube displacement - Tube obstruction - Pulmonary aspiration - Mucosal damage
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver

18. What is Protein-Controlled Diet?
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance
Low serum vitamin levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
Renal disease or liver disease - Limit protein - Limit potassium - phosphorus - Sodium and Fluid restrictions - Emphasizes high biologic value - Minimum level of CHOs needed to spare protein

19. Imbalance of nutrients
Renal disease or liver disease - Limit protein - Limit potassium - phosphorus - Sodium and Fluid restrictions - Emphasizes high biologic value - Minimum level of CHOs needed to spare protein
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress
Ketone breath - Diet hx low CHO - Dx: liver - pancreas - celiac's disease
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN

20. What is the clinical assessments?
Food allergy diet - Common: nuts - eggs - cow's milk - shellfish - wheat - Gluten-restricted diet - Celiac disease (malabsorption syndrome) - Omits wheat - rye - barley - oats - buckwheat - malt - Allows rice and corn - Lactose-restricted - Primary i
Socioeconomic status -comorbid disease states -Age adults: =< 75 children<5 PHYSICAL -stress and trauma- metabolic demands -mechanical ventilation-unable to eat -therapeutic bowel rest
Renal disease or liver disease - Limit protein - Limit potassium - phosphorus - Sodium and Fluid restrictions - Emphasizes high biologic value - Minimum level of CHOs needed to spare protein
Height/length -Weight -BMI -Body Measures (skin fold thickness)

21. What is Dysphagia Nutritional Therapy?
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN
Food allergy diet - Common: nuts - eggs - cow's milk - shellfish - wheat - Gluten-restricted diet - Celiac disease (malabsorption syndrome) - Omits wheat - rye - barley - oats - buckwheat - malt - Allows rice and corn - Lactose-restricted - Primary i
Before Putting anything in - Radiography - pH of aspirated fluids - Air injection and ausculation - Visual assessment of aspiration
Individualized diets based on swallowing ability and food preference - Evaluate ability to swallow solids and liquids: often done by speech therapist who can also aid in teaching the patient swallowing techniques - Features of food to consider and mo

22. How long should Nutritional screenings be done to residents being admitted?
Poor nutrition prevents or delays recovery from injury.
Diet hx of low fiber intake - Constipation/low stool volume
High chol - amylase/lipase - liver function tests - Diet hx high fat
14 days of admission

23. What is Carb-controlled Diet?
Abnormal liver enzymes - Fatty liver - Weight gain/loss - Edema
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home
CHO 55-60% - protein 10-20% - lipid <30% - fiber 20-35 grams - Evaluate glucose levels - serum lipids - kcalories - diet - insulin/medication
Prealbumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 16-40 g/dl Compromised Protein status: 10-15 g/dl Possible protein malnutrition: <10 g/dl

24. Inadequate fiber intake
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress
A- Anthropometric approach B- Biochemical Tests C- Clinical Observations D- Diet Evaluations (Kcal - 24 hr recall etc)
Potential to become malnourished
Diet hx of low fiber intake - Constipation/low stool volume

25. What is Low-Residue Diet?
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
Allows body to heal -To prepare diagnostic test -To prepare Surgical Procedure
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings

26. What are the IV lipid emulsions for Parenteral Nutriton Solution?
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home
IV lipid emulsions - Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent the development of essential fatty acid deficiency - Kcal density of lipid solutions is useful when volume restriction is necessary
Inadequate Intake

27. Increased nutrient needs

28. What are some swallowing aids?
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home
Prealbumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 16-40 g/dl Compromised Protein status: 10-15 g/dl Possible protein malnutrition: <10 g/dl
Provides essential nutrients in blenderized form - Clients who are unable to chew or swallow - Can be used long-term
Encourage patient to think/talk about food before meals - Can help stimulate flow of saliva - Aids in formation of bolus - Chewing and swallowing process - Tart or sour foods - Stimulate saliva production - Have patient lick jelly from the lips - puc

29. Why is it important to know primary/secondary nutritional risk?
Regular diet with attention to texture - Consistency of food can be varied according to the patient's ability to chew and swallow - Foods chopped - ground - mashed - or pureed - Patient's needs should be evaluated - Modifying consistency according to
Poor nutrition prevents or delays recovery from injury.
Diet hx of low plant food intake
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx

30. What is Secondary Nutrition Risk?
Inadequate Intake
Method of feeding clients who do not have a functioning GI tract - Clinical disease (malabsorption) - surgical intervention - trauma/stress - malignancies - Energy and nutrients provided intravenously - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - Infused into
Caused by disease
Encourage patient to think/talk about food before meals - Can help stimulate flow of saliva - Aids in formation of bolus - Chewing and swallowing process - Tart or sour foods - Stimulate saliva production - Have patient lick jelly from the lips - puc

31. Excessive fiber intake
Kcal count -24 hr recall -Food records
Low serum mineral levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake - Celiac disease - SBS - IBD
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress
High BUN - High BGL - High liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema

32. How do you manage TPN?

33. Decreased nutrient needs
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN
Biochemical parameters indicating excessive nutrient intake - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite - Nutrition in Patient Care
Low serum vitamin levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver

34. Excessive mineral intake
Encourage patient to think/talk about food before meals - Can help stimulate flow of saliva - Aids in formation of bolus - Chewing and swallowing process - Tart or sour foods - Stimulate saliva production - Have patient lick jelly from the lips - puc
Serum and urine creatinine and BUN (somatic muscle protein) -ELEVATED if muscle is broken down Normal Values: -Serum Creatinine: 0.5-1.2mg/100ml -BUN: 10-20 mg/ml
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
Low HDL - High TSH - High Mg - High PO4 - Diet hx of xs intake - Liver damage - GI distress

35. Predicted excessive energy intake
Reports or observations of energy intake more than needs - Lower physical activity - Planned change in mobility/physical activity - Meds increasing appetite - Knowledge deficit
Ketone breath - Diet hx low CHO - Dx: liver - pancreas - celiac's disease
High BUN - High serum osmolality - High Na - Weight loss - Thirst
14 days of admission

36. Less than optimal parenteral infusion
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance
Poor nutrition prevents or delays recovery from injury.
IV lipid emulsions - Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent the development of essential fatty acid deficiency - Kcal density of lipid solutions is useful when volume restriction is necessary

37. What are the complications of Parenteral Nutrition?
Technical complications - Pneumothorax - Septic complications - Local or systemic - Metabolic complications - Most common complication - Most common is hyperglycemia
GI problems - Diarrhea - Nausea and vomiting - Cramping - Distention - Constipation - Mechanical complications - Tube displacement - Tube obstruction - Pulmonary aspiration - Mucosal damage
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver
Renal disease or liver disease - Limit protein - Limit potassium - phosphorus - Sodium and Fluid restrictions - Emphasizes high biologic value - Minimum level of CHOs needed to spare protein

38. What is Primary Nutrition Risk?
Poor nutrition prevents or delays recovery from injury.
Biochemical parameters indicating excessive nutrient intake - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite - Nutrition in Patient Care
TJC requires screenings within 48hrs
Inadequate Intake

39. What is Clear Liquid Diet?
Based on - Patient's digestive and absorptive capabilities - Metabolic requirements - Need for fluid restriction - Done in conjunction with dietician who will calculate patients individual nutritional need and develop plan to initiate feedings
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used
Foods clear and liquid at room/body temperature - :Used to help prevent dehydration and keep colon contents to a minimum - -Good source of fluids and water - Inadequate in: - Protein - Fat - Energy - Fiber - Recommended for short-term use (3-5 days
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver

40. How do you monitor response for enteral treatment?
Foods that are easy to chew - digest - and absorb - Used during transition from liquid diets to regular or general diets - Foods low in fiber - Only lightly seasoned - Not appropriate for patients requiring mechanical soft diets
14 days of admission
Underweight-bmi<18.5 normal- 18.5-24.9 overweight-25.0-29.9 obese- bmi>30
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output

41. What is Soft Diet?
Serum Albumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 3.5-5 g/dl 2.8-3.5- compromised protein status <2.4- possible protein malnutrition
Foods that are easy to chew - digest - and absorb - Used during transition from liquid diets to regular or general diets - Foods low in fiber - Only lightly seasoned - Not appropriate for patients requiring mechanical soft diets
Prevents aspiration - Thickener added to liquids to created required thickness - Nectar/Syrup thick - Consistency of heavy syrup in canned fruit - Least restrictive - Cream based soups and most nutritional supplements - Honey thick - Consistency of h
Weight gain - Diet hx of energy dense food intake

42. Excessive carbohydrate intake
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
Foods clear and liquid at room/body temperature - :Used to help prevent dehydration and keep colon contents to a minimum - -Good source of fluids and water - Inadequate in: - Protein - Fat - Energy - Fiber - Recommended for short-term use (3-5 days
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output
High/low BGL - Meds - Insulin use -

43. Inadequate carbohydrate intake

44. What are the 3 levels of Dysphagia?
Management of malabsorption - chronic pancreatitis - gallbladder disease - Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) utilized with high intake of CHO and protein - Easy to digest - Restricts - High fat - additional fat in cooking - Enzyme replacement may be
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx
High serum vit. A -D -K - B6 - niacin - Physical signs of excess - Diet hx
Pureed - Mechanically altered - Advanced

45. What are Dysphagia 'warning signs'?
Diet hx of low intake
Collecting food in the mouth - Spitting out food - Inability to control tongue - Coughing before or after swallowing - Choking - Excessive drooling - Regurgitation of food or liquid through nose - mouth or trach tube - Increased time required to eat
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake

46. What is Pureed Diet?
Common for this diet to be ordered postoperatively - Permits patient's preferences and situations to be taken into consideration - Also allows for postoperative diet progression at the patient's tolerance
Provides essential nutrients in blenderized form - Clients who are unable to chew or swallow - Can be used long-term
Renal disease or liver disease - Limit protein - Limit potassium - phosphorus - Sodium and Fluid restrictions - Emphasizes high biologic value - Minimum level of CHOs needed to spare protein
Diet hx of low plant food intake

47. What is Fat-Controlled Diet?
Management of malabsorption - chronic pancreatitis - gallbladder disease - Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) utilized with high intake of CHO and protein - Easy to digest - Restricts - High fat - additional fat in cooking - Enzyme replacement may be
High AST/GGT - Blood ETOH - diet hx of > 2 drinks/day - liver dx
High liver enzymes - Constipation - Diarrhea - CV changes - High intake of supplements/plant foods
Based on - Patient's digestive and absorptive capabilities - Metabolic requirements - Need for fluid restriction - Done in conjunction with dietician who will calculate patients individual nutritional need and develop plan to initiate feedings

48. Why are dietary adjustments sometimes necessary?
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support
Food allergy diet - Common: nuts - eggs - cow's milk - shellfish - wheat - Gluten-restricted diet - Celiac disease (malabsorption syndrome) - Omits wheat - rye - barley - oats - buckwheat - malt - Allows rice and corn - Lactose-restricted - Primary i
Allows body to heal -To prepare diagnostic test -To prepare Surgical Procedure
Inadequate Intake

49. Excessive or inappropriate protein intake
High BUN - Low GFR - Poor growth - Deranged AA ratios - diet hx high PRO or AA supplement
Ketone breath - Diet hx low CHO - Dx: liver - pancreas - celiac's disease
Low HDL - High TSH - High Mg - High PO4 - Diet hx of xs intake - Liver damage - GI distress
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support

50. What is 'Diet as Tolerated'?