Nutrition Diagnosis

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Inadequate intake
High/low BGL - Meds - Insulin use -
Provides essential nutrients in blenderized form - Clients who are unable to chew or swallow - Can be used long-term
Diet hx of low plant food intake
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver


2. How long should Nutritional screenings be done to residents being admitted?
Serum Albumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 3.5-5 g/dl 2.8-3.5- compromised protein status <2.4- possible protein malnutrition
Diet hx of low intake
14 days of admission
Technical complications - Pneumothorax - Septic complications - Local or systemic - Metabolic complications - Most common complication - Most common is hyperglycemia


3. What are some other Restricted Diets?

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4. What is Carb-controlled Diet?
CHO 55-60% - protein 10-20% - lipid <30% - fiber 20-35 grams - Evaluate glucose levels - serum lipids - kcalories - diet - insulin/medication
High BUN - Low GFR - Poor growth - Deranged AA ratios - diet hx high PRO or AA supplement
Monitor patient's nutritional status - Monitor I&O - Fluid balance - lung sounds - s/s dehydration - etc. - Monitor IV - Change solution bag every 24 hours to decrease infection rate - CVC dressing change q 72 hours - Monitor Blood Chemistry - Fluid
Inadequate Intake


5. Excessive intake
High liver enzymes - Constipation - Diarrhea - CV changes - High intake of supplements/plant foods
Common for this diet to be ordered postoperatively - Permits patient's preferences and situations to be taken into consideration - Also allows for postoperative diet progression at the patient's tolerance
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
Socioeconomic status -comorbid disease states -Age adults: =< 75 children<5 PHYSICAL -stress and trauma- metabolic demands -mechanical ventilation-unable to eat -therapeutic bowel rest


6. What are the assessments for Enteral Feedings?
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN
14 days of admission
Provides essential nutrients in blenderized form - Clients who are unable to chew or swallow - Can be used long-term
Assessment - Residuals - Weight - Lung sounds - Edema - I & O - Blood glucose monitoring - Blood chemistry


7. What is Nutritional risk?
Individualized diets based on swallowing ability and food preference - Evaluate ability to swallow solids and liquids: often done by speech therapist who can also aid in teaching the patient swallowing techniques - Features of food to consider and mo
Weight loss (5% in 1 month; 10% in 6 months) - Increased activity - dx: Parkinsons - cerebral palsy - dementia
Potential to become malnourished
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx


8. Excessive enteral nutrition infusion
Allows body to heal -To prepare diagnostic test -To prepare Surgical Procedure
High BUN - High BGL - High liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema
High AST/GGT - Blood ETOH - diet hx of > 2 drinks/day - liver dx
High/low BGL - Meds - Insulin use -


9. What is the other biochemical analysis and values?
Serum and urine creatinine and BUN (somatic muscle protein) -ELEVATED if muscle is broken down Normal Values: -Serum Creatinine: 0.5-1.2mg/100ml -BUN: 10-20 mg/ml
Patients who have difficulty chewing or swallowing food - Goal is to provide a diet that meets nutritional needs and prevents aspiration - Causes of dysphagia - Acute: CVA - seizure - trauma - surgery - anoxia - Progressive: dementia - Parkinson's -
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN


10. Inappropriate intake of types of carbohydrates
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
Carbohydrate - Dextrose solutions - Available in initial concentrations of 5% to 70% - Mixed with amino acids and other nutrients to form the final solution - Protein - Mixture of essential and nonessential crystalline amino acids - Available wi
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings


11. Malnutrition - Symptoms
Pudding Thick - Consistency of applesauce or smooth mashed potatoes - Most restrictive - Used with severe levels of dysphagia in which oral intake is still allowed - May require IV hydration - Necessary to closely monitor fluid intake to prevent dehy
High chol - amylase/lipase - liver function tests - Diet hx high fat
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings


12. Inadequate parenteral nutrition infusion
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
High chol - amylase/lipase - liver function tests - Diet hx high fat
Indirect calorimetry measurement - Vitamin/mineral abnormalities in lab values - Inadequate weight gain - or unintentional weight loss Clinical evidence of vitamin/mineral deficiency
Foods clear and liquid at room/body temperature - :Used to help prevent dehydration and keep colon contents to a minimum - -Good source of fluids and water - Inadequate in: - Protein - Fat - Energy - Fiber - Recommended for short-term use (3-5 days


13. What are the thickened liquids?
Anthropometric data -Clinical data -Dietary intake assessment
Underweight-bmi<18.5 normal- 18.5-24.9 overweight-25.0-29.9 obese- bmi>30
CHO 55-60% - protein 10-20% - lipid <30% - fiber 20-35 grams - Evaluate glucose levels - serum lipids - kcalories - diet - insulin/medication
Prevents aspiration - Thickener added to liquids to created required thickness - Nectar/Syrup thick - Consistency of heavy syrup in canned fruit - Least restrictive - Cream based soups and most nutritional supplements - Honey thick - Consistency of h


14. Excessive or inappropriate protein intake
High BUN - Low GFR - Poor growth - Deranged AA ratios - diet hx high PRO or AA supplement
Allows body to heal -To prepare diagnostic test -To prepare Surgical Procedure
Height/length -Weight -BMI -Body Measures (skin fold thickness)
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx


15. What is Enteral Nutrition? Why preferred over Parenteral Nutrition?
Used when patient has functioning GI tract - Used when patients unable to orally consume adequate nutrients and kcal - Preferred over parenteral nutrition - Physiologically beneficial in maintaining the integrity and function of the gut - Short-term
Before Putting anything in - Radiography - pH of aspirated fluids - Air injection and ausculation - Visual assessment of aspiration
Collecting food in the mouth - Spitting out food - Inability to control tongue - Coughing before or after swallowing - Choking - Excessive drooling - Regurgitation of food or liquid through nose - mouth or trach tube - Increased time required to eat
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance


16. Excessive parenteral nutrition infusion
Diet hx of low intake
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH
Based on - Patient's digestive and absorptive capabilities - Metabolic requirements - Need for fluid restriction - Done in conjunction with dietician who will calculate patients individual nutritional need and develop plan to initiate feedings


17. Imbalance of nutrients
Method of feeding clients who do not have a functioning GI tract - Clinical disease (malabsorption) - surgical intervention - trauma/stress - malignancies - Energy and nutrients provided intravenously - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - Infused into
>Moderate nutritional risk: transition from restrictive therapeutic to regular dietary intake >High Nutritional Risk: -Parenteral feeding -Tube Feeding -NPO -Clear liquids for more than 3 days
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism


18. Inadequate fluid intake
High BUN - High serum osmolality - High Na - Weight loss - Thirst
Foods clear and liquid at room/body temperature - :Used to help prevent dehydration and keep colon contents to a minimum - -Good source of fluids and water - Inadequate in: - Protein - Fat - Energy - Fiber - Recommended for short-term use (3-5 days
High liver enzymes - Constipation - Diarrhea - CV changes - High intake of supplements/plant foods
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver


19. What are the IV lipid emulsions for Parenteral Nutriton Solution?
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
Allows body to heal -To prepare diagnostic test -To prepare Surgical Procedure
IV lipid emulsions - Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent the development of essential fatty acid deficiency - Kcal density of lipid solutions is useful when volume restriction is necessary
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home


20. Excessive energy intake
Diet hx of low intake
Weight gain - Diet hx of energy dense food intake
IV lipid emulsions - Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent the development of essential fatty acid deficiency - Kcal density of lipid solutions is useful when volume restriction is necessary
Diet hx of low plant food intake


21. Inconsistent carbohydrate intake
Monitor patient's nutritional status - Monitor I&O - Fluid balance - lung sounds - s/s dehydration - etc. - Monitor IV - Change solution bag every 24 hours to decrease infection rate - CVC dressing change q 72 hours - Monitor Blood Chemistry - Fluid
High/low BGL - Meds - Insulin use -
High BUN - Low GFR - Poor growth - Deranged AA ratios - diet hx high PRO or AA supplement
Abnormal liver enzymes - Fatty liver - Weight gain/loss - Edema


22. Inadequate carbohydrate intake

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23. Inadequate vitamin intake
Individualized diets based on swallowing ability and food preference - Evaluate ability to swallow solids and liquids: often done by speech therapist who can also aid in teaching the patient swallowing techniques - Features of food to consider and mo
14 days of admission
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx
Low serum vitamin levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake


24. What are the Carb and Protein Parenteral Nutrition Solutions?
Prealbumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 16-40 g/dl Compromised Protein status: 10-15 g/dl Possible protein malnutrition: <10 g/dl
Carbohydrate - Dextrose solutions - Available in initial concentrations of 5% to 70% - Mixed with amino acids and other nutrients to form the final solution - Protein - Mixture of essential and nonessential crystalline amino acids - Available wi
Diet hx of low fiber intake - Constipation/low stool volume
Management of malabsorption - chronic pancreatitis - gallbladder disease - Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) utilized with high intake of CHO and protein - Easy to digest - Restricts - High fat - additional fat in cooking - Enzyme replacement may be


25. Predicted suboptimal energy intake
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
IV lipid emulsions - Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent the development of essential fatty acid deficiency - Kcal density of lipid solutions is useful when volume restriction is necessary
Common for this diet to be ordered postoperatively - Permits patient's preferences and situations to be taken into consideration - Also allows for postoperative diet progression at the patient's tolerance
Abnormal liver enzymes - Fatty liver - Weight gain/loss - Edema


26. What are some tube-feeding complications?
Technical complications - Pneumothorax - Septic complications - Local or systemic - Metabolic complications - Most common complication - Most common is hyperglycemia
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
Low HDL - High TSH - High Mg - High PO4 - Diet hx of xs intake - Liver damage - GI distress
GI problems - Diarrhea - Nausea and vomiting - Cramping - Distention - Constipation - Mechanical complications - Tube displacement - Tube obstruction - Pulmonary aspiration - Mucosal damage


27. What are the complications of Parenteral Nutrition?
Common for this diet to be ordered postoperatively - Permits patient's preferences and situations to be taken into consideration - Also allows for postoperative diet progression at the patient's tolerance
Technical complications - Pneumothorax - Septic complications - Local or systemic - Metabolic complications - Most common complication - Most common is hyperglycemia
High liver enzymes - Constipation - Diarrhea - CV changes - High intake of supplements/plant foods
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used


28. Excessive or inappropriate fat intake
Encourage patient to think/talk about food before meals - Can help stimulate flow of saliva - Aids in formation of bolus - Chewing and swallowing process - Tart or sour foods - Stimulate saliva production - Have patient lick jelly from the lips - puc
High chol - amylase/lipase - liver function tests - Diet hx high fat
Before Putting anything in - Radiography - pH of aspirated fluids - Air injection and ausculation - Visual assessment of aspiration
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity


29. Excessive fluid intake
High BUN - High serum osmolality - High Na - Weight loss - Thirst
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
High BUN - Low GFR - Poor growth - Deranged AA ratios - diet hx high PRO or AA supplement
Ketone breath - Diet hx low CHO - Dx: liver - pancreas - celiac's disease


30. Excessive alcohol intake
High AST/GGT - Blood ETOH - diet hx of > 2 drinks/day - liver dx
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support
14 days of admission
Designed to attain or maintain optimal nutritional status in those who do not require modified or therapeutic diets - Used to promote health and reduce risks for developing chronic diet-related diseases


31. What is the assessment of nutritional risk approach? (abcd)
Ketone breath - Diet hx low CHO - Dx: liver - pancreas - celiac's disease
Pureed - Mechanically altered - Advanced
Provides essential nutrients in blenderized form - Clients who are unable to chew or swallow - Can be used long-term
A- Anthropometric approach B- Biochemical Tests C- Clinical Observations D- Diet Evaluations (Kcal - 24 hr recall etc)


32. What are the 3 levels of Dysphagia?
Collecting food in the mouth - Spitting out food - Inability to control tongue - Coughing before or after swallowing - Choking - Excessive drooling - Regurgitation of food or liquid through nose - mouth or trach tube - Increased time required to eat
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH
Pureed - Mechanically altered - Advanced
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver


33. What is the Parenteral Nutrition?
Management of malabsorption - chronic pancreatitis - gallbladder disease - Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) utilized with high intake of CHO and protein - Easy to digest - Restricts - High fat - additional fat in cooking - Enzyme replacement may be
Method of feeding clients who do not have a functioning GI tract - Clinical disease (malabsorption) - surgical intervention - trauma/stress - malignancies - Energy and nutrients provided intravenously - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - Infused into
IV lipid emulsions - Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent the development of essential fatty acid deficiency - Kcal density of lipid solutions is useful when volume restriction is necessary
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress


34. Inadequate protein-energy intake
Regular diet with attention to texture - Consistency of food can be varied according to the patient's ability to chew and swallow - Foods chopped - ground - mashed - or pureed - Patient's needs should be evaluated - Modifying consistency according to
Common for this diet to be ordered postoperatively - Permits patient's preferences and situations to be taken into consideration - Also allows for postoperative diet progression at the patient's tolerance
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO


35. What is Primary Nutrition Risk?
Diet hx of low plant food intake
Inadequate Intake
Regular diet with attention to texture - Consistency of food can be varied according to the patient's ability to chew and swallow - Foods chopped - ground - mashed - or pureed - Patient's needs should be evaluated - Modifying consistency according to
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN


36. Increased nutrient needs

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37. Excessive mineral intake
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
Low HDL - High TSH - High Mg - High PO4 - Diet hx of xs intake - Liver damage - GI distress
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used
Serum and urine creatinine and BUN (somatic muscle protein) -ELEVATED if muscle is broken down Normal Values: -Serum Creatinine: 0.5-1.2mg/100ml -BUN: 10-20 mg/ml


38. What is Fat-Controlled Diet?
Before Putting anything in - Radiography - pH of aspirated fluids - Air injection and ausculation - Visual assessment of aspiration
Renal disease or liver disease - Limit protein - Limit potassium - phosphorus - Sodium and Fluid restrictions - Emphasizes high biologic value - Minimum level of CHOs needed to spare protein
Management of malabsorption - chronic pancreatitis - gallbladder disease - Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) utilized with high intake of CHO and protein - Easy to digest - Restricts - High fat - additional fat in cooking - Enzyme replacement may be
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver


39. What is Dysphagia? What are some of the acute/progressive causes?

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40. Decreased nutrient needs
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver
Pureed - Mechanically altered - Advanced
Potential to become malnourished
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support


41. Less than optimal enteral nutrition
Abnormal liver enzymes - Fatty liver - Weight gain/loss - Edema
Provides essential nutrients in blenderized form - Clients who are unable to chew or swallow - Can be used long-term
IV lipid emulsions - Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent the development of essential fatty acid deficiency - Kcal density of lipid solutions is useful when volume restriction is necessary
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH


42. Excessive vitamin intake
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance
High serum vit. A -D -K - B6 - niacin - Physical signs of excess - Diet hx
Diet hx of low plant food intake
Collecting food in the mouth - Spitting out food - Inability to control tongue - Coughing before or after swallowing - Choking - Excessive drooling - Regurgitation of food or liquid through nose - mouth or trach tube - Increased time required to eat


43. What is 'Diet as Tolerated'?

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44. What is Low-Residue Diet?
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver
Food allergy diet - Common: nuts - eggs - cow's milk - shellfish - wheat - Gluten-restricted diet - Celiac disease (malabsorption syndrome) - Omits wheat - rye - barley - oats - buckwheat - malt - Allows rice and corn - Lactose-restricted - Primary i
Technical complications - Pneumothorax - Septic complications - Local or systemic - Metabolic complications - Most common complication - Most common is hyperglycemia


45. What is Dysphagia Nutritional Therapy?
Reports or observations of energy intake more than needs - Lower physical activity - Planned change in mobility/physical activity - Meds increasing appetite - Knowledge deficit
Low cholesterol - Low Ca - High PTT - Low Cu/Zn/Fe - Weight loss - Dehydration
IV lipid emulsions - Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent the development of essential fatty acid deficiency - Kcal density of lipid solutions is useful when volume restriction is necessary
Individualized diets based on swallowing ability and food preference - Evaluate ability to swallow solids and liquids: often done by speech therapist who can also aid in teaching the patient swallowing techniques - Features of food to consider and mo


46. Less than optimal parenteral infusion
Socioeconomic status -comorbid disease states -Age adults: =< 75 children<5 PHYSICAL -stress and trauma- metabolic demands -mechanical ventilation-unable to eat -therapeutic bowel rest
Monitor patient's nutritional status - Monitor I&O - Fluid balance - lung sounds - s/s dehydration - etc. - Monitor IV - Change solution bag every 24 hours to decrease infection rate - CVC dressing change q 72 hours - Monitor Blood Chemistry - Fluid
Reports or observations of energy intake more than needs - Lower physical activity - Planned change in mobility/physical activity - Meds increasing appetite - Knowledge deficit
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance


47. What is Clear Liquid Diet?
TJC requires screenings within 48hrs
Pureed - Mechanically altered - Advanced
Foods clear and liquid at room/body temperature - :Used to help prevent dehydration and keep colon contents to a minimum - -Good source of fluids and water - Inadequate in: - Protein - Fat - Energy - Fiber - Recommended for short-term use (3-5 days
>Moderate nutritional risk: transition from restrictive therapeutic to regular dietary intake >High Nutritional Risk: -Parenteral feeding -Tube Feeding -NPO -Clear liquids for more than 3 days


48. Excessive fiber intake
Before Putting anything in - Radiography - pH of aspirated fluids - Air injection and ausculation - Visual assessment of aspiration
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance


49. What is Secondary Nutrition Risk?
Caused by disease
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress
Prevents aspiration - Thickener added to liquids to created required thickness - Nectar/Syrup thick - Consistency of heavy syrup in canned fruit - Least restrictive - Cream based soups and most nutritional supplements - Honey thick - Consistency of h


50. What are some swallowing aids?
Carbohydrate - Dextrose solutions - Available in initial concentrations of 5% to 70% - Mixed with amino acids and other nutrients to form the final solution - Protein - Mixture of essential and nonessential crystalline amino acids - Available wi
Anthropometric data -Clinical data -Dietary intake assessment
Encourage patient to think/talk about food before meals - Can help stimulate flow of saliva - Aids in formation of bolus - Chewing and swallowing process - Tart or sour foods - Stimulate saliva production - Have patient lick jelly from the lips - puc
GI problems - Diarrhea - Nausea and vomiting - Cramping - Distention - Constipation - Mechanical complications - Tube displacement - Tube obstruction - Pulmonary aspiration - Mucosal damage