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Nutrition Diagnosis

Subjects : health-sciences, nursing, health-fitness-nutrition

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Excessive mineral intake
Designed to attain or maintain optimal nutritional status in those who do not require modified or therapeutic diets - Used to promote health and reduce risks for developing chronic diet-related diseases
Allows body to heal -To prepare diagnostic test -To prepare Surgical Procedure
Low HDL - High TSH - High Mg - High PO4 - Diet hx of xs intake - Liver damage - GI distress
Indirect calorimetry measurement - Vitamin/mineral abnormalities in lab values - Inadequate weight gain - or unintentional weight loss Clinical evidence of vitamin/mineral deficiency

2. Increased nutrient needs

3. What are the assessments for Enteral Feedings?
Assessment - Residuals - Weight - Lung sounds - Edema - I & O - Blood glucose monitoring - Blood chemistry
Weight loss (5% in 1 month; 10% in 6 months) - Increased activity - dx: Parkinsons - cerebral palsy - dementia
Reports or observations of energy intake more than needs - Lower physical activity - Planned change in mobility/physical activity - Meds increasing appetite - Knowledge deficit
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH

4. What is Clear Liquid Diet?
Reports or observations of energy intake more than needs - Lower physical activity - Planned change in mobility/physical activity - Meds increasing appetite - Knowledge deficit
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
Foods clear and liquid at room/body temperature - :Used to help prevent dehydration and keep colon contents to a minimum - -Good source of fluids and water - Inadequate in: - Protein - Fat - Energy - Fiber - Recommended for short-term use (3-5 days
Pudding Thick - Consistency of applesauce or smooth mashed potatoes - Most restrictive - Used with severe levels of dysphagia in which oral intake is still allowed - May require IV hydration - Necessary to closely monitor fluid intake to prevent dehy

5. What is the clinical assessments?
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used
Common for this diet to be ordered postoperatively - Permits patient's preferences and situations to be taken into consideration - Also allows for postoperative diet progression at the patient's tolerance
Socioeconomic status -comorbid disease states -Age adults: =< 75 children<5 PHYSICAL -stress and trauma- metabolic demands -mechanical ventilation-unable to eat -therapeutic bowel rest
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake

6. What is Nutritional risk?
Individualized diets based on swallowing ability and food preference - Evaluate ability to swallow solids and liquids: often done by speech therapist who can also aid in teaching the patient swallowing techniques - Features of food to consider and mo
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
>Moderate nutritional risk: transition from restrictive therapeutic to regular dietary intake >High Nutritional Risk: -Parenteral feeding -Tube Feeding -NPO -Clear liquids for more than 3 days
Potential to become malnourished

7. What is Soft Diet?
Reports or observations of energy intake more than needs - Lower physical activity - Planned change in mobility/physical activity - Meds increasing appetite - Knowledge deficit
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
Foods that are easy to chew - digest - and absorb - Used during transition from liquid diets to regular or general diets - Foods low in fiber - Only lightly seasoned - Not appropriate for patients requiring mechanical soft diets
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO

8. Decreased nutrient needs
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver
Carbohydrate - Dextrose solutions - Available in initial concentrations of 5% to 70% - Mixed with amino acids and other nutrients to form the final solution - Protein - Mixture of essential and nonessential crystalline amino acids - Available wi
Used when patient has functioning GI tract - Used when patients unable to orally consume adequate nutrients and kcal - Preferred over parenteral nutrition - Physiologically beneficial in maintaining the integrity and function of the gut - Short-term
Food allergy diet - Common: nuts - eggs - cow's milk - shellfish - wheat - Gluten-restricted diet - Celiac disease (malabsorption syndrome) - Omits wheat - rye - barley - oats - buckwheat - malt - Allows rice and corn - Lactose-restricted - Primary i

9. Excessive fluid intake
>Moderate nutritional risk: transition from restrictive therapeutic to regular dietary intake >High Nutritional Risk: -Parenteral feeding -Tube Feeding -NPO -Clear liquids for more than 3 days
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
Biochemical parameters indicating suboptimal nutrient intake - Estimated intake less than needs - Cultural or religious practices - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite
Low cholesterol - Low Ca - High PTT - Low Cu/Zn/Fe - Weight loss - Dehydration

10. What is the other biochemical analysis and values?
High liver enzymes - Constipation - Diarrhea - CV changes - High intake of supplements/plant foods
Serum and urine creatinine and BUN (somatic muscle protein) -ELEVATED if muscle is broken down Normal Values: -Serum Creatinine: 0.5-1.2mg/100ml -BUN: 10-20 mg/ml
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN
Designed to attain or maintain optimal nutritional status in those who do not require modified or therapeutic diets - Used to promote health and reduce risks for developing chronic diet-related diseases

11. Excessive intake
Monitor patient's nutritional status - Monitor I&O - Fluid balance - lung sounds - s/s dehydration - etc. - Monitor IV - Change solution bag every 24 hours to decrease infection rate - CVC dressing change q 72 hours - Monitor Blood Chemistry - Fluid
High liver enzymes - Constipation - Diarrhea - CV changes - High intake of supplements/plant foods
TJC requires screenings within 48hrs
Ketone breath - Diet hx low CHO - Dx: liver - pancreas - celiac's disease

12. Excessive parenteral nutrition infusion
Before Putting anything in - Radiography - pH of aspirated fluids - Air injection and ausculation - Visual assessment of aspiration
Encourage patient to think/talk about food before meals - Can help stimulate flow of saliva - Aids in formation of bolus - Chewing and swallowing process - Tart or sour foods - Stimulate saliva production - Have patient lick jelly from the lips - puc
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
Low cholesterol - Low Ca - High PTT - Low Cu/Zn/Fe - Weight loss - Dehydration

13. What is Dysphagia? What are some of the acute/progressive causes?

14. Predicted Excessive Nutrient Intake
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
Biochemical parameters indicating excessive nutrient intake - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite - Nutrition in Patient Care
Pudding Thick - Consistency of applesauce or smooth mashed potatoes - Most restrictive - Used with severe levels of dysphagia in which oral intake is still allowed - May require IV hydration - Necessary to closely monitor fluid intake to prevent dehy

15. What are the confirmations of tube placement?
Serum and urine creatinine and BUN (somatic muscle protein) -ELEVATED if muscle is broken down Normal Values: -Serum Creatinine: 0.5-1.2mg/100ml -BUN: 10-20 mg/ml
Before Putting anything in - Radiography - pH of aspirated fluids - Air injection and ausculation - Visual assessment of aspiration
Low chol - alb - prealb - elytes/minerals - vitamins - Weight loss - Low BMI - Diet hx of low intake - fever - dx: Crohn's - AIDS - burns
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity

16. What are the IV lipid emulsions for Parenteral Nutriton Solution?
High BUN - Low GFR - Poor growth - Deranged AA ratios - diet hx high PRO or AA supplement
Low serum mineral levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake - Celiac disease - SBS - IBD
IV lipid emulsions - Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent the development of essential fatty acid deficiency - Kcal density of lipid solutions is useful when volume restriction is necessary
Encourage patient to think/talk about food before meals - Can help stimulate flow of saliva - Aids in formation of bolus - Chewing and swallowing process - Tart or sour foods - Stimulate saliva production - Have patient lick jelly from the lips - puc

17. Inadequate vitamin intake
Low cholesterol - Low Ca - High PTT - Low Cu/Zn/Fe - Weight loss - Dehydration
Food allergy diet - Common: nuts - eggs - cow's milk - shellfish - wheat - Gluten-restricted diet - Celiac disease (malabsorption syndrome) - Omits wheat - rye - barley - oats - buckwheat - malt - Allows rice and corn - Lactose-restricted - Primary i
Low serum vitamin levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake
Poor nutrition prevents or delays recovery from injury.

18. What is the short-term nutritional biochemical analysis? What are the values?
Prevents aspiration - Thickener added to liquids to created required thickness - Nectar/Syrup thick - Consistency of heavy syrup in canned fruit - Least restrictive - Cream based soups and most nutritional supplements - Honey thick - Consistency of h
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings
Prealbumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 16-40 g/dl Compromised Protein status: 10-15 g/dl Possible protein malnutrition: <10 g/dl
Collecting food in the mouth - Spitting out food - Inability to control tongue - Coughing before or after swallowing - Choking - Excessive drooling - Regurgitation of food or liquid through nose - mouth or trach tube - Increased time required to eat

19. What is Regular/General Diet?
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
High AST/GGT - Blood ETOH - diet hx of > 2 drinks/day - liver dx
Designed to attain or maintain optimal nutritional status in those who do not require modified or therapeutic diets - Used to promote health and reduce risks for developing chronic diet-related diseases
>Moderate nutritional risk: transition from restrictive therapeutic to regular dietary intake >High Nutritional Risk: -Parenteral feeding -Tube Feeding -NPO -Clear liquids for more than 3 days

20. Inadequate protein intake
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings
Pudding Thick - Consistency of applesauce or smooth mashed potatoes - Most restrictive - Used with severe levels of dysphagia in which oral intake is still allowed - May require IV hydration - Necessary to closely monitor fluid intake to prevent dehy
Diet hx of low intake
GI problems - Diarrhea - Nausea and vomiting - Cramping - Distention - Constipation - Mechanical complications - Tube displacement - Tube obstruction - Pulmonary aspiration - Mucosal damage

21. Excessive or inappropriate protein intake
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
High BUN - Low GFR - Poor growth - Deranged AA ratios - diet hx high PRO or AA supplement
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
Pudding Thick - Consistency of applesauce or smooth mashed potatoes - Most restrictive - Used with severe levels of dysphagia in which oral intake is still allowed - May require IV hydration - Necessary to closely monitor fluid intake to prevent dehy

22. What is the Parenteral Nutrition?
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
High/low BGL - Meds - Insulin use -
Pudding Thick - Consistency of applesauce or smooth mashed potatoes - Most restrictive - Used with severe levels of dysphagia in which oral intake is still allowed - May require IV hydration - Necessary to closely monitor fluid intake to prevent dehy
Method of feeding clients who do not have a functioning GI tract - Clinical disease (malabsorption) - surgical intervention - trauma/stress - malignancies - Energy and nutrients provided intravenously - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - Infused into

23. What are some tube-feeding complications?
Before Putting anything in - Radiography - pH of aspirated fluids - Air injection and ausculation - Visual assessment of aspiration
GI problems - Diarrhea - Nausea and vomiting - Cramping - Distention - Constipation - Mechanical complications - Tube displacement - Tube obstruction - Pulmonary aspiration - Mucosal damage
High AST/GGT - Blood ETOH - diet hx of > 2 drinks/day - liver dx
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home

24. What is Protein-Controlled Diet?
Inadequate Intake
Prevents aspiration - Thickener added to liquids to created required thickness - Nectar/Syrup thick - Consistency of heavy syrup in canned fruit - Least restrictive - Cream based soups and most nutritional supplements - Honey thick - Consistency of h
Patients who have difficulty chewing or swallowing food - Goal is to provide a diet that meets nutritional needs and prevents aspiration - Causes of dysphagia - Acute: CVA - seizure - trauma - surgery - anoxia - Progressive: dementia - Parkinson's -
Renal disease or liver disease - Limit protein - Limit potassium - phosphorus - Sodium and Fluid restrictions - Emphasizes high biologic value - Minimum level of CHOs needed to spare protein

25. Inadequate intake
Ketone breath - Diet hx low CHO - Dx: liver - pancreas - celiac's disease
Diet hx of low plant food intake
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output

26. Excessive or inappropriate fat intake
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN
Diet hx of low intake
Height/length -Weight -BMI -Body Measures (skin fold thickness)
High chol - amylase/lipase - liver function tests - Diet hx high fat

27. Less than optimal enteral nutrition
Collecting food in the mouth - Spitting out food - Inability to control tongue - Coughing before or after swallowing - Choking - Excessive drooling - Regurgitation of food or liquid through nose - mouth or trach tube - Increased time required to eat
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
A- Anthropometric approach B- Biochemical Tests C- Clinical Observations D- Diet Evaluations (Kcal - 24 hr recall etc)
Abnormal liver enzymes - Fatty liver - Weight gain/loss - Edema

28. What is the long-term nutritional biochemical analysis? What are the values?
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output
Underweight-bmi<18.5 normal- 18.5-24.9 overweight-25.0-29.9 obese- bmi>30
Carbohydrate - Dextrose solutions - Available in initial concentrations of 5% to 70% - Mixed with amino acids and other nutrients to form the final solution - Protein - Mixture of essential and nonessential crystalline amino acids - Available wi
Serum Albumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 3.5-5 g/dl 2.8-3.5- compromised protein status <2.4- possible protein malnutrition

29. What are the 3 levels of Dysphagia?
Serum and urine creatinine and BUN (somatic muscle protein) -ELEVATED if muscle is broken down Normal Values: -Serum Creatinine: 0.5-1.2mg/100ml -BUN: 10-20 mg/ml
Pureed - Mechanically altered - Advanced
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx
Carbohydrate - Dextrose solutions - Available in initial concentrations of 5% to 70% - Mixed with amino acids and other nutrients to form the final solution - Protein - Mixture of essential and nonessential crystalline amino acids - Available wi

30. What is the classifications of BMI and numbers?
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx
Abnormal liver enzymes - Fatty liver - Weight gain/loss - Edema
Underweight-bmi<18.5 normal- 18.5-24.9 overweight-25.0-29.9 obese- bmi>30
Inadequate Intake

31. What is Low-Residue Diet?
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home
Method of feeding clients who do not have a functioning GI tract - Clinical disease (malabsorption) - surgical intervention - trauma/stress - malignancies - Energy and nutrients provided intravenously - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - Infused into
Designed to attain or maintain optimal nutritional status in those who do not require modified or therapeutic diets - Used to promote health and reduce risks for developing chronic diet-related diseases
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings

32. What is Enteral Nutrition? Why preferred over Parenteral Nutrition?
Used when patient has functioning GI tract - Used when patients unable to orally consume adequate nutrients and kcal - Preferred over parenteral nutrition - Physiologically beneficial in maintaining the integrity and function of the gut - Short-term
Serum Albumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 3.5-5 g/dl 2.8-3.5- compromised protein status <2.4- possible protein malnutrition
Low serum vitamin levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used

33. Malnutrition - Symptoms
Diet hx of low plant food intake
Encourage patient to think/talk about food before meals - Can help stimulate flow of saliva - Aids in formation of bolus - Chewing and swallowing process - Tart or sour foods - Stimulate saliva production - Have patient lick jelly from the lips - puc
Potential to become malnourished
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO

34. Inadequate energy intake
Low chol - alb - prealb - elytes/minerals - vitamins - Weight loss - Low BMI - Diet hx of low intake - fever - dx: Crohn's - AIDS - burns
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress
Biochemical parameters indicating excessive nutrient intake - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite - Nutrition in Patient Care

35. Symptoms of Intakes - Increased energy expenditure
Weight loss (5% in 1 month; 10% in 6 months) - Increased activity - dx: Parkinsons - cerebral palsy - dementia
Reports or observations of energy intake more than needs - Lower physical activity - Planned change in mobility/physical activity - Meds increasing appetite - Knowledge deficit
Assessment - Residuals - Weight - Lung sounds - Edema - I & O - Blood glucose monitoring - Blood chemistry
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism

36. What is Full-Liquid Diet?
CHO 55-60% - protein 10-20% - lipid <30% - fiber 20-35 grams - Evaluate glucose levels - serum lipids - kcalories - diet - insulin/medication
Regular diet with attention to texture - Consistency of food can be varied according to the patient's ability to chew and swallow - Foods chopped - ground - mashed - or pureed - Patient's needs should be evaluated - Modifying consistency according to
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used
Low chol - alb - prealb - elytes/minerals - vitamins - Weight loss - Low BMI - Diet hx of low intake - fever - dx: Crohn's - AIDS - burns

37. What are the Carb and Protein Parenteral Nutrition Solutions?
High/low BGL - Meds - Insulin use -
Biochemical parameters indicating suboptimal nutrient intake - Estimated intake less than needs - Cultural or religious practices - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite
Anthropometric data -Clinical data -Dietary intake assessment
Carbohydrate - Dextrose solutions - Available in initial concentrations of 5% to 70% - Mixed with amino acids and other nutrients to form the final solution - Protein - Mixture of essential and nonessential crystalline amino acids - Available wi

38. Inadequate fluid intake
High BUN - High serum osmolality - High Na - Weight loss - Thirst
Monitor patient's nutritional status - Monitor I&O - Fluid balance - lung sounds - s/s dehydration - etc. - Monitor IV - Change solution bag every 24 hours to decrease infection rate - CVC dressing change q 72 hours - Monitor Blood Chemistry - Fluid
14 days of admission
Patients who have difficulty chewing or swallowing food - Goal is to provide a diet that meets nutritional needs and prevents aspiration - Causes of dysphagia - Acute: CVA - seizure - trauma - surgery - anoxia - Progressive: dementia - Parkinson's -

39. Excessive vitamin intake
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
High serum vit. A -D -K - B6 - niacin - Physical signs of excess - Diet hx
Regular diet with attention to texture - Consistency of food can be varied according to the patient's ability to chew and swallow - Foods chopped - ground - mashed - or pureed - Patient's needs should be evaluated - Modifying consistency according to
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used

40. Inadequate fat intake
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN
Pudding Thick - Consistency of applesauce or smooth mashed potatoes - Most restrictive - Used with severe levels of dysphagia in which oral intake is still allowed - May require IV hydration - Necessary to closely monitor fluid intake to prevent dehy
TJC requires screenings within 48hrs
Regular diet with attention to texture - Consistency of food can be varied according to the patient's ability to chew and swallow - Foods chopped - ground - mashed - or pureed - Patient's needs should be evaluated - Modifying consistency according to

41. Predicted suboptimal energy intake
High AST/GGT - Blood ETOH - diet hx of > 2 drinks/day - liver dx
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
Renal disease or liver disease - Limit protein - Limit potassium - phosphorus - Sodium and Fluid restrictions - Emphasizes high biologic value - Minimum level of CHOs needed to spare protein
Diet hx of low fiber intake - Constipation/low stool volume

42. What is the assessment of nutritional risk approach? (abcd)
Carbohydrate - Dextrose solutions - Available in initial concentrations of 5% to 70% - Mixed with amino acids and other nutrients to form the final solution - Protein - Mixture of essential and nonessential crystalline amino acids - Available wi
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver
A- Anthropometric approach B- Biochemical Tests C- Clinical Observations D- Diet Evaluations (Kcal - 24 hr recall etc)

43. What are some other Restricted Diets?

44. Inadequate mineral intake
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress
>Moderate nutritional risk: transition from restrictive therapeutic to regular dietary intake >High Nutritional Risk: -Parenteral feeding -Tube Feeding -NPO -Clear liquids for more than 3 days
Low serum mineral levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake - Celiac disease - SBS - IBD
Low cholesterol - Low Ca - High PTT - Low Cu/Zn/Fe - Weight loss - Dehydration

45. What else do you check with biochemical tests?
Collecting food in the mouth - Spitting out food - Inability to control tongue - Coughing before or after swallowing - Choking - Excessive drooling - Regurgitation of food or liquid through nose - mouth or trach tube - Increased time required to eat
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH
Indirect calorimetry measurement - Vitamin/mineral abnormalities in lab values - Inadequate weight gain - or unintentional weight loss Clinical evidence of vitamin/mineral deficiency
Anthropometric data -Clinical data -Dietary intake assessment

46. What is Enteral Nutrition based on?

47. Inadequate enteral nutrition infusion
Diet hx of low intake
Serum Albumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 3.5-5 g/dl 2.8-3.5- compromised protein status <2.4- possible protein malnutrition
Low cholesterol - Low Ca - High PTT - Low Cu/Zn/Fe - Weight loss - Dehydration
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress

48. Inadequate carbohydrate intake

49. Excessive oral food/beverage intake
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home
High BUN - High serum osmolality - High Na - Weight loss - Thirst
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress
Collecting food in the mouth - Spitting out food - Inability to control tongue - Coughing before or after swallowing - Choking - Excessive drooling - Regurgitation of food or liquid through nose - mouth or trach tube - Increased time required to eat

50. Inadequate fiber intake
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
Diet hx of low fiber intake - Constipation/low stool volume
Kcal count -24 hr recall -Food records
Renal disease or liver disease - Limit protein - Limit potassium - phosphorus - Sodium and Fluid restrictions - Emphasizes high biologic value - Minimum level of CHOs needed to spare protein