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Nutrition Diagnosis

Subjects : health-sciences, nursing, health-fitness-nutrition

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Inadequate energy intake
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support
Pudding Thick - Consistency of applesauce or smooth mashed potatoes - Most restrictive - Used with severe levels of dysphagia in which oral intake is still allowed - May require IV hydration - Necessary to closely monitor fluid intake to prevent dehy
Caused by disease
Kcal count -24 hr recall -Food records

2. Inadequate protein-energy intake
Technical complications - Pneumothorax - Septic complications - Local or systemic - Metabolic complications - Most common complication - Most common is hyperglycemia
Low cholesterol - Low Ca - High PTT - Low Cu/Zn/Fe - Weight loss - Dehydration
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output

3. What else do you check with biochemical tests?
Height/length -Weight -BMI -Body Measures (skin fold thickness)
Anthropometric data -Clinical data -Dietary intake assessment
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO

4. What are the Dietary Evaluations?
Kcal count -24 hr recall -Food records
Patients who have difficulty chewing or swallowing food - Goal is to provide a diet that meets nutritional needs and prevents aspiration - Causes of dysphagia - Acute: CVA - seizure - trauma - surgery - anoxia - Progressive: dementia - Parkinson's -
Caused by disease
Reports or observations of energy intake more than needs - Lower physical activity - Planned change in mobility/physical activity - Meds increasing appetite - Knowledge deficit

5. What are Dysphagia 'warning signs'?
Collecting food in the mouth - Spitting out food - Inability to control tongue - Coughing before or after swallowing - Choking - Excessive drooling - Regurgitation of food or liquid through nose - mouth or trach tube - Increased time required to eat
Biochemical parameters indicating excessive nutrient intake - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite - Nutrition in Patient Care
Serum Albumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 3.5-5 g/dl 2.8-3.5- compromised protein status <2.4- possible protein malnutrition
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings

6. What is Nutritional risk?
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
Pureed - Mechanically altered - Advanced
Weight gain - Diet hx of energy dense food intake
Potential to become malnourished

7. What is Secondary Nutrition Risk?
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
Caused by disease
Potential to become malnourished
Before Putting anything in - Radiography - pH of aspirated fluids - Air injection and ausculation - Visual assessment of aspiration

8. What are the feeding modalities?
Renal disease or liver disease - Limit protein - Limit potassium - phosphorus - Sodium and Fluid restrictions - Emphasizes high biologic value - Minimum level of CHOs needed to spare protein
Weight gain - Diet hx of energy dense food intake
>Moderate nutritional risk: transition from restrictive therapeutic to regular dietary intake >High Nutritional Risk: -Parenteral feeding -Tube Feeding -NPO -Clear liquids for more than 3 days
Prevents aspiration - Thickener added to liquids to created required thickness - Nectar/Syrup thick - Consistency of heavy syrup in canned fruit - Least restrictive - Cream based soups and most nutritional supplements - Honey thick - Consistency of h

9. Excessive or inappropriate protein intake
High BUN - Low GFR - Poor growth - Deranged AA ratios - diet hx high PRO or AA supplement
Low chol - alb - prealb - elytes/minerals - vitamins - Weight loss - Low BMI - Diet hx of low intake - fever - dx: Crohn's - AIDS - burns
Low serum mineral levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake - Celiac disease - SBS - IBD
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH

10. What is the classifications of BMI and numbers?
Underweight-bmi<18.5 normal- 18.5-24.9 overweight-25.0-29.9 obese- bmi>30
Socioeconomic status -comorbid disease states -Age adults: =< 75 children<5 PHYSICAL -stress and trauma- metabolic demands -mechanical ventilation-unable to eat -therapeutic bowel rest
Low serum mineral levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake - Celiac disease - SBS - IBD
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO

11. Inadequate intake
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used
Diet hx of low plant food intake
Prealbumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 16-40 g/dl Compromised Protein status: 10-15 g/dl Possible protein malnutrition: <10 g/dl
Reports or observations of energy intake more than needs - Lower physical activity - Planned change in mobility/physical activity - Meds increasing appetite - Knowledge deficit

12. What is Full-Liquid Diet?
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver
14 days of admission
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity

13. What are the assessments for Enteral Feedings?
Assessment - Residuals - Weight - Lung sounds - Edema - I & O - Blood glucose monitoring - Blood chemistry
High BUN - High BGL - High liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema
Individualized diets based on swallowing ability and food preference - Evaluate ability to swallow solids and liquids: often done by speech therapist who can also aid in teaching the patient swallowing techniques - Features of food to consider and mo
Pudding Thick - Consistency of applesauce or smooth mashed potatoes - Most restrictive - Used with severe levels of dysphagia in which oral intake is still allowed - May require IV hydration - Necessary to closely monitor fluid intake to prevent dehy

14. Excessive mineral intake
14 days of admission
Foods that are easy to chew - digest - and absorb - Used during transition from liquid diets to regular or general diets - Foods low in fiber - Only lightly seasoned - Not appropriate for patients requiring mechanical soft diets
Low HDL - High TSH - High Mg - High PO4 - Diet hx of xs intake - Liver damage - GI distress
Allows body to heal -To prepare diagnostic test -To prepare Surgical Procedure

15. Inadequate parenteral nutrition infusion
Collecting food in the mouth - Spitting out food - Inability to control tongue - Coughing before or after swallowing - Choking - Excessive drooling - Regurgitation of food or liquid through nose - mouth or trach tube - Increased time required to eat
IV lipid emulsions - Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent the development of essential fatty acid deficiency - Kcal density of lipid solutions is useful when volume restriction is necessary
Kcal count -24 hr recall -Food records
Indirect calorimetry measurement - Vitamin/mineral abnormalities in lab values - Inadequate weight gain - or unintentional weight loss Clinical evidence of vitamin/mineral deficiency

16. What are the thickened liquids?
CHO 55-60% - protein 10-20% - lipid <30% - fiber 20-35 grams - Evaluate glucose levels - serum lipids - kcalories - diet - insulin/medication
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
Prevents aspiration - Thickener added to liquids to created required thickness - Nectar/Syrup thick - Consistency of heavy syrup in canned fruit - Least restrictive - Cream based soups and most nutritional supplements - Honey thick - Consistency of h
Anthropometric data -Clinical data -Dietary intake assessment

17. What are the confirmations of tube placement?
Before Putting anything in - Radiography - pH of aspirated fluids - Air injection and ausculation - Visual assessment of aspiration
Serum and urine creatinine and BUN (somatic muscle protein) -ELEVATED if muscle is broken down Normal Values: -Serum Creatinine: 0.5-1.2mg/100ml -BUN: 10-20 mg/ml
Pureed - Mechanically altered - Advanced
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver

18. What is Dysphagia Nutritional Therapy?
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
Individualized diets based on swallowing ability and food preference - Evaluate ability to swallow solids and liquids: often done by speech therapist who can also aid in teaching the patient swallowing techniques - Features of food to consider and mo
Technical complications - Pneumothorax - Septic complications - Local or systemic - Metabolic complications - Most common complication - Most common is hyperglycemia
14 days of admission

19. What is the other biochemical analysis and values?
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH
Serum and urine creatinine and BUN (somatic muscle protein) -ELEVATED if muscle is broken down Normal Values: -Serum Creatinine: 0.5-1.2mg/100ml -BUN: 10-20 mg/ml
High serum vit. A -D -K - B6 - niacin - Physical signs of excess - Diet hx
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO

20. What is Enteral Nutrition? Why preferred over Parenteral Nutrition?
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH
Used when patient has functioning GI tract - Used when patients unable to orally consume adequate nutrients and kcal - Preferred over parenteral nutrition - Physiologically beneficial in maintaining the integrity and function of the gut - Short-term
Indirect calorimetry measurement - Vitamin/mineral abnormalities in lab values - Inadequate weight gain - or unintentional weight loss Clinical evidence of vitamin/mineral deficiency

21. What is the short-term nutritional biochemical analysis? What are the values?
Prealbumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 16-40 g/dl Compromised Protein status: 10-15 g/dl Possible protein malnutrition: <10 g/dl
Poor nutrition prevents or delays recovery from injury.
A- Anthropometric approach B- Biochemical Tests C- Clinical Observations D- Diet Evaluations (Kcal - 24 hr recall etc)
Based on - Patient's digestive and absorptive capabilities - Metabolic requirements - Need for fluid restriction - Done in conjunction with dietician who will calculate patients individual nutritional need and develop plan to initiate feedings

22. What is Primary Nutrition Risk?
Serum Albumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 3.5-5 g/dl 2.8-3.5- compromised protein status <2.4- possible protein malnutrition
Inadequate Intake
Prevents aspiration - Thickener added to liquids to created required thickness - Nectar/Syrup thick - Consistency of heavy syrup in canned fruit - Least restrictive - Cream based soups and most nutritional supplements - Honey thick - Consistency of h
Based on - Patient's digestive and absorptive capabilities - Metabolic requirements - Need for fluid restriction - Done in conjunction with dietician who will calculate patients individual nutritional need and develop plan to initiate feedings

23. What is Protein-Controlled Diet?
Collecting food in the mouth - Spitting out food - Inability to control tongue - Coughing before or after swallowing - Choking - Excessive drooling - Regurgitation of food or liquid through nose - mouth or trach tube - Increased time required to eat
>Moderate nutritional risk: transition from restrictive therapeutic to regular dietary intake >High Nutritional Risk: -Parenteral feeding -Tube Feeding -NPO -Clear liquids for more than 3 days
Serum Albumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 3.5-5 g/dl 2.8-3.5- compromised protein status <2.4- possible protein malnutrition
Renal disease or liver disease - Limit protein - Limit potassium - phosphorus - Sodium and Fluid restrictions - Emphasizes high biologic value - Minimum level of CHOs needed to spare protein

24. What are the IV lipid emulsions for Parenteral Nutriton Solution?
Inadequate Intake
IV lipid emulsions - Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent the development of essential fatty acid deficiency - Kcal density of lipid solutions is useful when volume restriction is necessary
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used

25. What is Low-Residue Diet?
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress
Low chol - alb - prealb - elytes/minerals - vitamins - Weight loss - Low BMI - Diet hx of low intake - fever - dx: Crohn's - AIDS - burns
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings
Technical complications - Pneumothorax - Septic complications - Local or systemic - Metabolic complications - Most common complication - Most common is hyperglycemia

26. What is Dysphagia? What are some of the acute/progressive causes?

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27. Inconsistent carbohydrate intake
Prealbumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 16-40 g/dl Compromised Protein status: 10-15 g/dl Possible protein malnutrition: <10 g/dl
Based on - Patient's digestive and absorptive capabilities - Metabolic requirements - Need for fluid restriction - Done in conjunction with dietician who will calculate patients individual nutritional need and develop plan to initiate feedings
High/low BGL - Meds - Insulin use -
Assessment - Residuals - Weight - Lung sounds - Edema - I & O - Blood glucose monitoring - Blood chemistry

28. Predicted Suboptimal Nutrient Intake
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance
High liver enzymes - Constipation - Diarrhea - CV changes - High intake of supplements/plant foods
Biochemical parameters indicating suboptimal nutrient intake - Estimated intake less than needs - Cultural or religious practices - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite
Height/length -Weight -BMI -Body Measures (skin fold thickness)

29. What is the clinical assessments?
Assessment - Residuals - Weight - Lung sounds - Edema - I & O - Blood glucose monitoring - Blood chemistry
High chol - amylase/lipase - liver function tests - Diet hx high fat
High BUN - High serum osmolality - High Na - Weight loss - Thirst
Socioeconomic status -comorbid disease states -Age adults: =< 75 children<5 PHYSICAL -stress and trauma- metabolic demands -mechanical ventilation-unable to eat -therapeutic bowel rest

30. Inadequate fiber intake
Kcal count -24 hr recall -Food records
Diet hx of low fiber intake - Constipation/low stool volume
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN

31. Excessive alcohol intake
Patients who have difficulty chewing or swallowing food - Goal is to provide a diet that meets nutritional needs and prevents aspiration - Causes of dysphagia - Acute: CVA - seizure - trauma - surgery - anoxia - Progressive: dementia - Parkinson's -
Kcal count -24 hr recall -Food records
High AST/GGT - Blood ETOH - diet hx of > 2 drinks/day - liver dx
Diet hx of low intake

32. Excessive intake
High liver enzymes - Constipation - Diarrhea - CV changes - High intake of supplements/plant foods
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home
Indirect calorimetry measurement - Vitamin/mineral abnormalities in lab values - Inadequate weight gain - or unintentional weight loss Clinical evidence of vitamin/mineral deficiency
Anthropometric data -Clinical data -Dietary intake assessment

33. What are some swallowing aids?
Method of feeding clients who do not have a functioning GI tract - Clinical disease (malabsorption) - surgical intervention - trauma/stress - malignancies - Energy and nutrients provided intravenously - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - Infused into
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
Encourage patient to think/talk about food before meals - Can help stimulate flow of saliva - Aids in formation of bolus - Chewing and swallowing process - Tart or sour foods - Stimulate saliva production - Have patient lick jelly from the lips - puc

34. Excessive energy intake
Weight gain - Diet hx of energy dense food intake
Caused by disease
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN
Indirect calorimetry measurement - Vitamin/mineral abnormalities in lab values - Inadequate weight gain - or unintentional weight loss Clinical evidence of vitamin/mineral deficiency

35. Inadequate fluid intake
Biochemical parameters indicating excessive nutrient intake - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite - Nutrition in Patient Care
Designed to attain or maintain optimal nutritional status in those who do not require modified or therapeutic diets - Used to promote health and reduce risks for developing chronic diet-related diseases
GI problems - Diarrhea - Nausea and vomiting - Cramping - Distention - Constipation - Mechanical complications - Tube displacement - Tube obstruction - Pulmonary aspiration - Mucosal damage
High BUN - High serum osmolality - High Na - Weight loss - Thirst

36. What is Pureed Diet?
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx
Provides essential nutrients in blenderized form - Clients who are unable to chew or swallow - Can be used long-term
Foods clear and liquid at room/body temperature - :Used to help prevent dehydration and keep colon contents to a minimum - -Good source of fluids and water - Inadequate in: - Protein - Fat - Energy - Fiber - Recommended for short-term use (3-5 days
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity

37. Inappropriate intake of types of carbohydrates
Prealbumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 16-40 g/dl Compromised Protein status: 10-15 g/dl Possible protein malnutrition: <10 g/dl
CHO 55-60% - protein 10-20% - lipid <30% - fiber 20-35 grams - Evaluate glucose levels - serum lipids - kcalories - diet - insulin/medication
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx
14 days of admission

38. What is Regular/General Diet?
Designed to attain or maintain optimal nutritional status in those who do not require modified or therapeutic diets - Used to promote health and reduce risks for developing chronic diet-related diseases
Assessment - Residuals - Weight - Lung sounds - Edema - I & O - Blood glucose monitoring - Blood chemistry
Low serum mineral levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake - Celiac disease - SBS - IBD
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings

39. Inadequate oral food/ beverage intake
Inadequate Intake
Carbohydrate - Dextrose solutions - Available in initial concentrations of 5% to 70% - Mixed with amino acids and other nutrients to form the final solution - Protein - Mixture of essential and nonessential crystalline amino acids - Available wi
Assessment - Residuals - Weight - Lung sounds - Edema - I & O - Blood glucose monitoring - Blood chemistry
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH

40. Malnutrition - Symptoms
Carbohydrate - Dextrose solutions - Available in initial concentrations of 5% to 70% - Mixed with amino acids and other nutrients to form the final solution - Protein - Mixture of essential and nonessential crystalline amino acids - Available wi
Based on - Patient's digestive and absorptive capabilities - Metabolic requirements - Need for fluid restriction - Done in conjunction with dietician who will calculate patients individual nutritional need and develop plan to initiate feedings
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used

41. Excessive fluid intake
Foods that are easy to chew - digest - and absorb - Used during transition from liquid diets to regular or general diets - Foods low in fiber - Only lightly seasoned - Not appropriate for patients requiring mechanical soft diets
GI problems - Diarrhea - Nausea and vomiting - Cramping - Distention - Constipation - Mechanical complications - Tube displacement - Tube obstruction - Pulmonary aspiration - Mucosal damage
Individualized diets based on swallowing ability and food preference - Evaluate ability to swallow solids and liquids: often done by speech therapist who can also aid in teaching the patient swallowing techniques - Features of food to consider and mo
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake

42. What are the Carb and Protein Parenteral Nutrition Solutions?
Carbohydrate - Dextrose solutions - Available in initial concentrations of 5% to 70% - Mixed with amino acids and other nutrients to form the final solution - Protein - Mixture of essential and nonessential crystalline amino acids - Available wi
14 days of admission
Weight gain - Diet hx of energy dense food intake
Socioeconomic status -comorbid disease states -Age adults: =< 75 children<5 PHYSICAL -stress and trauma- metabolic demands -mechanical ventilation-unable to eat -therapeutic bowel rest

43. Excessive or inappropriate fat intake
Weight gain - Diet hx of energy dense food intake
IV lipid emulsions - Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent the development of essential fatty acid deficiency - Kcal density of lipid solutions is useful when volume restriction is necessary
High chol - amylase/lipase - liver function tests - Diet hx high fat
Ketone breath - Diet hx low CHO - Dx: liver - pancreas - celiac's disease

44. Inadequate fat intake
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
Potential to become malnourished
A- Anthropometric approach B- Biochemical Tests C- Clinical Observations D- Diet Evaluations (Kcal - 24 hr recall etc)
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN

45. Inadequate mineral intake
High BUN - High serum osmolality - High Na - Weight loss - Thirst
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
Poor nutrition prevents or delays recovery from injury.
Low serum mineral levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake - Celiac disease - SBS - IBD

46. How do you monitor response for enteral treatment?
Weight loss (5% in 1 month; 10% in 6 months) - Increased activity - dx: Parkinsons - cerebral palsy - dementia
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output

47. Excessive carbohydrate intake
Reports or observations of energy intake more than needs - Lower physical activity - Planned change in mobility/physical activity - Meds increasing appetite - Knowledge deficit
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
Diet hx of low intake
Method of feeding clients who do not have a functioning GI tract - Clinical disease (malabsorption) - surgical intervention - trauma/stress - malignancies - Energy and nutrients provided intravenously - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - Infused into

48. What is the assessment of nutritional risk approach? (abcd)
Prevents aspiration - Thickener added to liquids to created required thickness - Nectar/Syrup thick - Consistency of heavy syrup in canned fruit - Least restrictive - Cream based soups and most nutritional supplements - Honey thick - Consistency of h
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
A- Anthropometric approach B- Biochemical Tests C- Clinical Observations D- Diet Evaluations (Kcal - 24 hr recall etc)
Height/length -Weight -BMI -Body Measures (skin fold thickness)

49. What are the Anthropometric measures?
Prealbumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 16-40 g/dl Compromised Protein status: 10-15 g/dl Possible protein malnutrition: <10 g/dl
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance
Serum and urine creatinine and BUN (somatic muscle protein) -ELEVATED if muscle is broken down Normal Values: -Serum Creatinine: 0.5-1.2mg/100ml -BUN: 10-20 mg/ml
Height/length -Weight -BMI -Body Measures (skin fold thickness)

50. What is Soft Diet?
Used when patient has functioning GI tract - Used when patients unable to orally consume adequate nutrients and kcal - Preferred over parenteral nutrition - Physiologically beneficial in maintaining the integrity and function of the gut - Short-term
GI problems - Diarrhea - Nausea and vomiting - Cramping - Distention - Constipation - Mechanical complications - Tube displacement - Tube obstruction - Pulmonary aspiration - Mucosal damage
Foods that are easy to chew - digest - and absorb - Used during transition from liquid diets to regular or general diets - Foods low in fiber - Only lightly seasoned - Not appropriate for patients requiring mechanical soft diets
>Moderate nutritional risk: transition from restrictive therapeutic to regular dietary intake >High Nutritional Risk: -Parenteral feeding -Tube Feeding -NPO -Clear liquids for more than 3 days