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Test your basic knowledge |
Nutrition Diagnosis
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
nursing
,
health-fitness-nutrition
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the assessments for Enteral Feedings?
Weight loss (5% in 1 month; 10% in 6 months) - Increased activity - dx: Parkinsons - cerebral palsy - dementia
Reports or observations of energy intake more than needs - Lower physical activity - Planned change in mobility/physical activity - Meds increasing appetite - Knowledge deficit
Based on - Patient's digestive and absorptive capabilities - Metabolic requirements - Need for fluid restriction - Done in conjunction with dietician who will calculate patients individual nutritional need and develop plan to initiate feedings
Assessment - Residuals - Weight - Lung sounds - Edema - I & O - Blood glucose monitoring - Blood chemistry
2. Malnutrition - Symptoms
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output
Serum and urine creatinine and BUN (somatic muscle protein) -ELEVATED if muscle is broken down Normal Values: -Serum Creatinine: 0.5-1.2mg/100ml -BUN: 10-20 mg/ml
3. Inadequate protein-energy intake
Weight gain - Diet hx of energy dense food intake
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
Prealbumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 16-40 g/dl Compromised Protein status: 10-15 g/dl Possible protein malnutrition: <10 g/dl
4. Decreased nutrient needs
High BUN - High serum osmolality - High Na - Weight loss - Thirst
High AST/GGT - Blood ETOH - diet hx of > 2 drinks/day - liver dx
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver
Weight loss (5% in 1 month; 10% in 6 months) - Increased activity - dx: Parkinsons - cerebral palsy - dementia
5. Excessive parenteral nutrition infusion
Serum Albumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 3.5-5 g/dl 2.8-3.5- compromised protein status <2.4- possible protein malnutrition
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance
6. What is Secondary Nutrition Risk?
Caused by disease
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output
Regular diet with attention to texture - Consistency of food can be varied according to the patient's ability to chew and swallow - Foods chopped - ground - mashed - or pureed - Patient's needs should be evaluated - Modifying consistency according to
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home
7. What is Soft Diet?
>Moderate nutritional risk: transition from restrictive therapeutic to regular dietary intake >High Nutritional Risk: -Parenteral feeding -Tube Feeding -NPO -Clear liquids for more than 3 days
Management of malabsorption - chronic pancreatitis - gallbladder disease - Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) utilized with high intake of CHO and protein - Easy to digest - Restricts - High fat - additional fat in cooking - Enzyme replacement may be
Foods that are easy to chew - digest - and absorb - Used during transition from liquid diets to regular or general diets - Foods low in fiber - Only lightly seasoned - Not appropriate for patients requiring mechanical soft diets
Ketone breath - Diet hx low CHO - Dx: liver - pancreas - celiac's disease
8. What is Fat-Controlled Diet?
Management of malabsorption - chronic pancreatitis - gallbladder disease - Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) utilized with high intake of CHO and protein - Easy to digest - Restricts - High fat - additional fat in cooking - Enzyme replacement may be
High BUN - High serum osmolality - High Na - Weight loss - Thirst
Encourage patient to think/talk about food before meals - Can help stimulate flow of saliva - Aids in formation of bolus - Chewing and swallowing process - Tart or sour foods - Stimulate saliva production - Have patient lick jelly from the lips - puc
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance
9. Imbalance of nutrients
Before Putting anything in - Radiography - pH of aspirated fluids - Air injection and ausculation - Visual assessment of aspiration
High chol - amylase/lipase - liver function tests - Diet hx high fat
High BUN - High serum osmolality - High Na - Weight loss - Thirst
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress
10. Excessive oral food/beverage intake
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home
Indirect calorimetry measurement - Vitamin/mineral abnormalities in lab values - Inadequate weight gain - or unintentional weight loss Clinical evidence of vitamin/mineral deficiency
Low serum mineral levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake - Celiac disease - SBS - IBD
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver
11. What are some tube-feeding complications?
TJC requires screenings within 48hrs
GI problems - Diarrhea - Nausea and vomiting - Cramping - Distention - Constipation - Mechanical complications - Tube displacement - Tube obstruction - Pulmonary aspiration - Mucosal damage
Management of malabsorption - chronic pancreatitis - gallbladder disease - Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) utilized with high intake of CHO and protein - Easy to digest - Restricts - High fat - additional fat in cooking - Enzyme replacement may be
IV lipid emulsions - Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent the development of essential fatty acid deficiency - Kcal density of lipid solutions is useful when volume restriction is necessary
12. What is Primary Nutrition Risk?
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support
Inadequate Intake
Reports or observations of energy intake more than needs - Lower physical activity - Planned change in mobility/physical activity - Meds increasing appetite - Knowledge deficit
Indirect calorimetry measurement - Vitamin/mineral abnormalities in lab values - Inadequate weight gain - or unintentional weight loss Clinical evidence of vitamin/mineral deficiency
13. How do you monitor response for enteral treatment?
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH
Low HDL - High TSH - High Mg - High PO4 - Diet hx of xs intake - Liver damage - GI distress
TJC requires screenings within 48hrs
14. Inadequate energy intake
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support
Low serum mineral levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake - Celiac disease - SBS - IBD
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
Diet hx of low plant food intake
15. Predicted excessive energy intake
Biochemical parameters indicating suboptimal nutrient intake - Estimated intake less than needs - Cultural or religious practices - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite
Pureed - Mechanically altered - Advanced
Reports or observations of energy intake more than needs - Lower physical activity - Planned change in mobility/physical activity - Meds increasing appetite - Knowledge deficit
Pudding Thick - Consistency of applesauce or smooth mashed potatoes - Most restrictive - Used with severe levels of dysphagia in which oral intake is still allowed - May require IV hydration - Necessary to closely monitor fluid intake to prevent dehy
16. What is Enteral Nutrition based on?
17. What is Low-Residue Diet?
Common for this diet to be ordered postoperatively - Permits patient's preferences and situations to be taken into consideration - Also allows for postoperative diet progression at the patient's tolerance
Height/length -Weight -BMI -Body Measures (skin fold thickness)
High liver enzymes - Constipation - Diarrhea - CV changes - High intake of supplements/plant foods
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings
18. Excessive or inappropriate protein intake
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH
Carbohydrate - Dextrose solutions - Available in initial concentrations of 5% to 70% - Mixed with amino acids and other nutrients to form the final solution - Protein - Mixture of essential and nonessential crystalline amino acids - Available wi
High BUN - Low GFR - Poor growth - Deranged AA ratios - diet hx high PRO or AA supplement
Technical complications - Pneumothorax - Septic complications - Local or systemic - Metabolic complications - Most common complication - Most common is hyperglycemia
19. What else do you check with biochemical tests?
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance
Common for this diet to be ordered postoperatively - Permits patient's preferences and situations to be taken into consideration - Also allows for postoperative diet progression at the patient's tolerance
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output
Anthropometric data -Clinical data -Dietary intake assessment
20. What is Clear Liquid Diet?
Foods clear and liquid at room/body temperature - :Used to help prevent dehydration and keep colon contents to a minimum - -Good source of fluids and water - Inadequate in: - Protein - Fat - Energy - Fiber - Recommended for short-term use (3-5 days
Encourage patient to think/talk about food before meals - Can help stimulate flow of saliva - Aids in formation of bolus - Chewing and swallowing process - Tart or sour foods - Stimulate saliva production - Have patient lick jelly from the lips - puc
High serum vit. A -D -K - B6 - niacin - Physical signs of excess - Diet hx
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress
21. How do you manage TPN?
22. Excessive fluid intake
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
Ketone breath - Diet hx low CHO - Dx: liver - pancreas - celiac's disease
Foods clear and liquid at room/body temperature - :Used to help prevent dehydration and keep colon contents to a minimum - -Good source of fluids and water - Inadequate in: - Protein - Fat - Energy - Fiber - Recommended for short-term use (3-5 days
23. Excessive or inappropriate fat intake
CHO 55-60% - protein 10-20% - lipid <30% - fiber 20-35 grams - Evaluate glucose levels - serum lipids - kcalories - diet - insulin/medication
High chol - amylase/lipase - liver function tests - Diet hx high fat
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN
Inadequate Intake
24. What is Dysphagia Nutritional Therapy?
IV lipid emulsions - Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent the development of essential fatty acid deficiency - Kcal density of lipid solutions is useful when volume restriction is necessary
Provides essential nutrients in blenderized form - Clients who are unable to chew or swallow - Can be used long-term
Foods that are easy to chew - digest - and absorb - Used during transition from liquid diets to regular or general diets - Foods low in fiber - Only lightly seasoned - Not appropriate for patients requiring mechanical soft diets
Individualized diets based on swallowing ability and food preference - Evaluate ability to swallow solids and liquids: often done by speech therapist who can also aid in teaching the patient swallowing techniques - Features of food to consider and mo
25. How long does TJC require resident screenings to be done during admission?
TJC requires screenings within 48hrs
High BUN - Low GFR - Poor growth - Deranged AA ratios - diet hx high PRO or AA supplement
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
26. What is 'Diet as Tolerated'?
27. What is Dysphagia? What are some of the acute/progressive causes?
28. Excessive vitamin intake
Serum and urine creatinine and BUN (somatic muscle protein) -ELEVATED if muscle is broken down Normal Values: -Serum Creatinine: 0.5-1.2mg/100ml -BUN: 10-20 mg/ml
High BUN - Low GFR - Poor growth - Deranged AA ratios - diet hx high PRO or AA supplement
GI problems - Diarrhea - Nausea and vomiting - Cramping - Distention - Constipation - Mechanical complications - Tube displacement - Tube obstruction - Pulmonary aspiration - Mucosal damage
High serum vit. A -D -K - B6 - niacin - Physical signs of excess - Diet hx
29. Increased nutrient needs
30. What are some other Restricted Diets?
31. What is Pureed Diet?
High/low BGL - Meds - Insulin use -
Ketone breath - Diet hx low CHO - Dx: liver - pancreas - celiac's disease
Provides essential nutrients in blenderized form - Clients who are unable to chew or swallow - Can be used long-term
Weight loss (5% in 1 month; 10% in 6 months) - Increased activity - dx: Parkinsons - cerebral palsy - dementia
32. Excessive carbohydrate intake
Biochemical parameters indicating suboptimal nutrient intake - Estimated intake less than needs - Cultural or religious practices - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite
Regular diet with attention to texture - Consistency of food can be varied according to the patient's ability to chew and swallow - Foods chopped - ground - mashed - or pureed - Patient's needs should be evaluated - Modifying consistency according to
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
Weight loss (5% in 1 month; 10% in 6 months) - Increased activity - dx: Parkinsons - cerebral palsy - dementia
33. What is the short-term nutritional biochemical analysis? What are the values?
Renal disease or liver disease - Limit protein - Limit potassium - phosphorus - Sodium and Fluid restrictions - Emphasizes high biologic value - Minimum level of CHOs needed to spare protein
Collecting food in the mouth - Spitting out food - Inability to control tongue - Coughing before or after swallowing - Choking - Excessive drooling - Regurgitation of food or liquid through nose - mouth or trach tube - Increased time required to eat
Used when patient has functioning GI tract - Used when patients unable to orally consume adequate nutrients and kcal - Preferred over parenteral nutrition - Physiologically beneficial in maintaining the integrity and function of the gut - Short-term
Prealbumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 16-40 g/dl Compromised Protein status: 10-15 g/dl Possible protein malnutrition: <10 g/dl
34. Inadequate enteral nutrition infusion
Monitor patient's nutritional status - Monitor I&O - Fluid balance - lung sounds - s/s dehydration - etc. - Monitor IV - Change solution bag every 24 hours to decrease infection rate - CVC dressing change q 72 hours - Monitor Blood Chemistry - Fluid
Low cholesterol - Low Ca - High PTT - Low Cu/Zn/Fe - Weight loss - Dehydration
Poor nutrition prevents or delays recovery from injury.
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home
35. What are some swallowing aids?
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support
Encourage patient to think/talk about food before meals - Can help stimulate flow of saliva - Aids in formation of bolus - Chewing and swallowing process - Tart or sour foods - Stimulate saliva production - Have patient lick jelly from the lips - puc
Low cholesterol - Low Ca - High PTT - Low Cu/Zn/Fe - Weight loss - Dehydration
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx
36. Excessive intake
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx
CHO 55-60% - protein 10-20% - lipid <30% - fiber 20-35 grams - Evaluate glucose levels - serum lipids - kcalories - diet - insulin/medication
Weight gain - Diet hx of energy dense food intake
High liver enzymes - Constipation - Diarrhea - CV changes - High intake of supplements/plant foods
37. Inadequate fiber intake
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support
Diet hx of low fiber intake - Constipation/low stool volume
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH
38. How long should Nutritional screenings be done to residents being admitted?
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
14 days of admission
Allows body to heal -To prepare diagnostic test -To prepare Surgical Procedure
Kcal count -24 hr recall -Food records
39. Inadequate fat intake
Designed to attain or maintain optimal nutritional status in those who do not require modified or therapeutic diets - Used to promote health and reduce risks for developing chronic diet-related diseases
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN
Pudding Thick - Consistency of applesauce or smooth mashed potatoes - Most restrictive - Used with severe levels of dysphagia in which oral intake is still allowed - May require IV hydration - Necessary to closely monitor fluid intake to prevent dehy
Foods clear and liquid at room/body temperature - :Used to help prevent dehydration and keep colon contents to a minimum - -Good source of fluids and water - Inadequate in: - Protein - Fat - Energy - Fiber - Recommended for short-term use (3-5 days
40. Less than optimal parenteral infusion
High BUN - High serum osmolality - High Na - Weight loss - Thirst
Allows body to heal -To prepare diagnostic test -To prepare Surgical Procedure
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used
41. Inadequate parenteral nutrition infusion
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH
Indirect calorimetry measurement - Vitamin/mineral abnormalities in lab values - Inadequate weight gain - or unintentional weight loss Clinical evidence of vitamin/mineral deficiency
High serum vit. A -D -K - B6 - niacin - Physical signs of excess - Diet hx
Assessment - Residuals - Weight - Lung sounds - Edema - I & O - Blood glucose monitoring - Blood chemistry
42. What are the 3 levels of Dysphagia?
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home
Used when patient has functioning GI tract - Used when patients unable to orally consume adequate nutrients and kcal - Preferred over parenteral nutrition - Physiologically beneficial in maintaining the integrity and function of the gut - Short-term
Pureed - Mechanically altered - Advanced
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
43. What is Nutritional risk?
Potential to become malnourished
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance
CHO 55-60% - protein 10-20% - lipid <30% - fiber 20-35 grams - Evaluate glucose levels - serum lipids - kcalories - diet - insulin/medication
Encourage patient to think/talk about food before meals - Can help stimulate flow of saliva - Aids in formation of bolus - Chewing and swallowing process - Tart or sour foods - Stimulate saliva production - Have patient lick jelly from the lips - puc
44. Less than optimal enteral nutrition
Monitor patient's nutritional status - Monitor I&O - Fluid balance - lung sounds - s/s dehydration - etc. - Monitor IV - Change solution bag every 24 hours to decrease infection rate - CVC dressing change q 72 hours - Monitor Blood Chemistry - Fluid
High serum vit. A -D -K - B6 - niacin - Physical signs of excess - Diet hx
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support
Abnormal liver enzymes - Fatty liver - Weight gain/loss - Edema
45. Inadequate fluid intake
Serum and urine creatinine and BUN (somatic muscle protein) -ELEVATED if muscle is broken down Normal Values: -Serum Creatinine: 0.5-1.2mg/100ml -BUN: 10-20 mg/ml
High BUN - High serum osmolality - High Na - Weight loss - Thirst
Inadequate Intake
Designed to attain or maintain optimal nutritional status in those who do not require modified or therapeutic diets - Used to promote health and reduce risks for developing chronic diet-related diseases
46. Excessive alcohol intake
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used
High BUN - High serum osmolality - High Na - Weight loss - Thirst
High AST/GGT - Blood ETOH - diet hx of > 2 drinks/day - liver dx
47. Inappropriate intake of types of carbohydrates
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx
Prevents aspiration - Thickener added to liquids to created required thickness - Nectar/Syrup thick - Consistency of heavy syrup in canned fruit - Least restrictive - Cream based soups and most nutritional supplements - Honey thick - Consistency of h
Assessment - Residuals - Weight - Lung sounds - Edema - I & O - Blood glucose monitoring - Blood chemistry
Anthropometric data -Clinical data -Dietary intake assessment
48. What is the other biochemical analysis and values?
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used
Serum and urine creatinine and BUN (somatic muscle protein) -ELEVATED if muscle is broken down Normal Values: -Serum Creatinine: 0.5-1.2mg/100ml -BUN: 10-20 mg/ml
Low HDL - High TSH - High Mg - High PO4 - Diet hx of xs intake - Liver damage - GI distress
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
49. What is Mechanically Altered Diet?
50. What are the feeding modalities?
>Moderate nutritional risk: transition from restrictive therapeutic to regular dietary intake >High Nutritional Risk: -Parenteral feeding -Tube Feeding -NPO -Clear liquids for more than 3 days
TJC requires screenings within 48hrs
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx