Test your basic knowledge |

Nutrition Diagnosis

Subjects : health-sciences, nursing, health-fitness-nutrition

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Inadequate intake
Diet hx of low plant food intake
Weight gain - Diet hx of energy dense food intake
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings
Ketone breath - Diet hx low CHO - Dx: liver - pancreas - celiac's disease

2. What are some other Restricted Diets?

3. Inadequate mineral intake
Based on - Patient's digestive and absorptive capabilities - Metabolic requirements - Need for fluid restriction - Done in conjunction with dietician who will calculate patients individual nutritional need and develop plan to initiate feedings
Low serum mineral levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake - Celiac disease - SBS - IBD
Management of malabsorption - chronic pancreatitis - gallbladder disease - Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) utilized with high intake of CHO and protein - Easy to digest - Restricts - High fat - additional fat in cooking - Enzyme replacement may be
>Moderate nutritional risk: transition from restrictive therapeutic to regular dietary intake >High Nutritional Risk: -Parenteral feeding -Tube Feeding -NPO -Clear liquids for more than 3 days

4. Excessive mineral intake
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH
Low HDL - High TSH - High Mg - High PO4 - Diet hx of xs intake - Liver damage - GI distress
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress
Designed to attain or maintain optimal nutritional status in those who do not require modified or therapeutic diets - Used to promote health and reduce risks for developing chronic diet-related diseases

5. Excessive vitamin intake
Prevents aspiration - Thickener added to liquids to created required thickness - Nectar/Syrup thick - Consistency of heavy syrup in canned fruit - Least restrictive - Cream based soups and most nutritional supplements - Honey thick - Consistency of h
High BUN - Low GFR - Poor growth - Deranged AA ratios - diet hx high PRO or AA supplement
High serum vit. A -D -K - B6 - niacin - Physical signs of excess - Diet hx
Diet hx of low plant food intake

6. Inadequate carbohydrate intake

7. Increased nutrient needs

8. What is the long-term nutritional biochemical analysis? What are the values?
Serum Albumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 3.5-5 g/dl 2.8-3.5- compromised protein status <2.4- possible protein malnutrition
Foods clear and liquid at room/body temperature - :Used to help prevent dehydration and keep colon contents to a minimum - -Good source of fluids and water - Inadequate in: - Protein - Fat - Energy - Fiber - Recommended for short-term use (3-5 days
Foods that are easy to chew - digest - and absorb - Used during transition from liquid diets to regular or general diets - Foods low in fiber - Only lightly seasoned - Not appropriate for patients requiring mechanical soft diets
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used

9. What is the assessment of nutritional risk approach? (abcd)
A- Anthropometric approach B- Biochemical Tests C- Clinical Observations D- Diet Evaluations (Kcal - 24 hr recall etc)
Socioeconomic status -comorbid disease states -Age adults: =< 75 children<5 PHYSICAL -stress and trauma- metabolic demands -mechanical ventilation-unable to eat -therapeutic bowel rest
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress
High BUN - High serum osmolality - High Na - Weight loss - Thirst

10. What is Fat-Controlled Diet?
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
Management of malabsorption - chronic pancreatitis - gallbladder disease - Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) utilized with high intake of CHO and protein - Easy to digest - Restricts - High fat - additional fat in cooking - Enzyme replacement may be
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver

11. Inadequate energy intake
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings
Regular diet with attention to texture - Consistency of food can be varied according to the patient's ability to chew and swallow - Foods chopped - ground - mashed - or pureed - Patient's needs should be evaluated - Modifying consistency according to
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support
Individualized diets based on swallowing ability and food preference - Evaluate ability to swallow solids and liquids: often done by speech therapist who can also aid in teaching the patient swallowing techniques - Features of food to consider and mo

12. What is Enteral Nutrition? Why preferred over Parenteral Nutrition?
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
Used when patient has functioning GI tract - Used when patients unable to orally consume adequate nutrients and kcal - Preferred over parenteral nutrition - Physiologically beneficial in maintaining the integrity and function of the gut - Short-term
Inadequate Intake

13. Excessive energy intake
Underweight-bmi<18.5 normal- 18.5-24.9 overweight-25.0-29.9 obese- bmi>30
Reports or observations of energy intake more than needs - Lower physical activity - Planned change in mobility/physical activity - Meds increasing appetite - Knowledge deficit
Weight gain - Diet hx of energy dense food intake
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance

14. Predicted Suboptimal Nutrient Intake
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx
Biochemical parameters indicating suboptimal nutrient intake - Estimated intake less than needs - Cultural or religious practices - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite
Low chol - alb - prealb - elytes/minerals - vitamins - Weight loss - Low BMI - Diet hx of low intake - fever - dx: Crohn's - AIDS - burns
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress

15. What is the short-term nutritional biochemical analysis? What are the values?
Socioeconomic status -comorbid disease states -Age adults: =< 75 children<5 PHYSICAL -stress and trauma- metabolic demands -mechanical ventilation-unable to eat -therapeutic bowel rest
Anthropometric data -Clinical data -Dietary intake assessment
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
Prealbumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 16-40 g/dl Compromised Protein status: 10-15 g/dl Possible protein malnutrition: <10 g/dl

16. How long should Nutritional screenings be done to residents being admitted?
14 days of admission
Used when patient has functioning GI tract - Used when patients unable to orally consume adequate nutrients and kcal - Preferred over parenteral nutrition - Physiologically beneficial in maintaining the integrity and function of the gut - Short-term
High liver enzymes - Constipation - Diarrhea - CV changes - High intake of supplements/plant foods
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO

17. Inadequate fluid intake
GI problems - Diarrhea - Nausea and vomiting - Cramping - Distention - Constipation - Mechanical complications - Tube displacement - Tube obstruction - Pulmonary aspiration - Mucosal damage
High BUN - High serum osmolality - High Na - Weight loss - Thirst
IV lipid emulsions - Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent the development of essential fatty acid deficiency - Kcal density of lipid solutions is useful when volume restriction is necessary
Height/length -Weight -BMI -Body Measures (skin fold thickness)

18. What is Full-Liquid Diet?
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used
High BUN - High BGL - High liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema
Low serum mineral levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake - Celiac disease - SBS - IBD

19. What is Protein-Controlled Diet?
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings
Renal disease or liver disease - Limit protein - Limit potassium - phosphorus - Sodium and Fluid restrictions - Emphasizes high biologic value - Minimum level of CHOs needed to spare protein
Poor nutrition prevents or delays recovery from injury.
Before Putting anything in - Radiography - pH of aspirated fluids - Air injection and ausculation - Visual assessment of aspiration

20. What are the confirmations of tube placement?
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress
Management of malabsorption - chronic pancreatitis - gallbladder disease - Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) utilized with high intake of CHO and protein - Easy to digest - Restricts - High fat - additional fat in cooking - Enzyme replacement may be
Before Putting anything in - Radiography - pH of aspirated fluids - Air injection and ausculation - Visual assessment of aspiration
Prealbumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 16-40 g/dl Compromised Protein status: 10-15 g/dl Possible protein malnutrition: <10 g/dl

21. Inadequate oral food/ beverage intake
Low chol - alb - prealb - elytes/minerals - vitamins - Weight loss - Low BMI - Diet hx of low intake - fever - dx: Crohn's - AIDS - burns
Dry skin - Weight loss - diet hx of low intake - dx: AIDS - TB - AN - sepsis - infection - xs ETOH
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress

22. Excessive carbohydrate intake
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
Patients who have difficulty chewing or swallowing food - Goal is to provide a diet that meets nutritional needs and prevents aspiration - Causes of dysphagia - Acute: CVA - seizure - trauma - surgery - anoxia - Progressive: dementia - Parkinson's -
14 days of admission
Food allergy diet - Common: nuts - eggs - cow's milk - shellfish - wheat - Gluten-restricted diet - Celiac disease (malabsorption syndrome) - Omits wheat - rye - barley - oats - buckwheat - malt - Allows rice and corn - Lactose-restricted - Primary i

23. Inappropriate intake of types of carbohydrates
Low cholesterol - Low Ca - High PTT - Low Cu/Zn/Fe - Weight loss - Dehydration
High/low BGL - Meds (steroids) - Diet hx
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
Provides essential nutrients in blenderized form - Clients who are unable to chew or swallow - Can be used long-term

24. What are the assessments for Enteral Feedings?
Foods clear and liquid at room/body temperature - :Used to help prevent dehydration and keep colon contents to a minimum - -Good source of fluids and water - Inadequate in: - Protein - Fat - Energy - Fiber - Recommended for short-term use (3-5 days
Assessment - Residuals - Weight - Lung sounds - Edema - I & O - Blood glucose monitoring - Blood chemistry
Technical complications - Pneumothorax - Septic complications - Local or systemic - Metabolic complications - Most common complication - Most common is hyperglycemia
Serum and urine creatinine and BUN (somatic muscle protein) -ELEVATED if muscle is broken down Normal Values: -Serum Creatinine: 0.5-1.2mg/100ml -BUN: 10-20 mg/ml

25. What is 'Diet as Tolerated'?

26. Inadequate parenteral nutrition infusion
High serum vit. A -D -K - B6 - niacin - Physical signs of excess - Diet hx
High chol - amylase/lipase - liver function tests - Diet hx high fat
Low chol - alb - prealb - elytes/minerals - vitamins - Weight loss - Low BMI - Diet hx of low intake - fever - dx: Crohn's - AIDS - burns
Indirect calorimetry measurement - Vitamin/mineral abnormalities in lab values - Inadequate weight gain - or unintentional weight loss Clinical evidence of vitamin/mineral deficiency

27. Excessive oral food/beverage intake
Low serum mineral levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake - Celiac disease - SBS - IBD
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
High chol - PO4 - GFR <90 - High BUN - Edema - Dx: kidney/liver

28. Why is it important to know primary/secondary nutritional risk?
High AST/GGT - Blood ETOH - diet hx of > 2 drinks/day - liver dx
Diet hx of aberrant CHO intake - Steroids - DM - Inborn errors
Poor nutrition prevents or delays recovery from injury.
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress

29. How do you feed patients with Dysphagia?
Management of malabsorption - chronic pancreatitis - gallbladder disease - Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) utilized with high intake of CHO and protein - Easy to digest - Restricts - High fat - additional fat in cooking - Enzyme replacement may be
Weight Loss - dx: AIDS - TB - AN
Allows body to heal -To prepare diagnostic test -To prepare Surgical Procedure
Pudding Thick - Consistency of applesauce or smooth mashed potatoes - Most restrictive - Used with severe levels of dysphagia in which oral intake is still allowed - May require IV hydration - Necessary to closely monitor fluid intake to prevent dehy

30. What is Secondary Nutrition Risk?
Caused by disease
Regular diet with attention to texture - Consistency of food can be varied according to the patient's ability to chew and swallow - Foods chopped - ground - mashed - or pureed - Patient's needs should be evaluated - Modifying consistency according to
High BUN - High serum osmolality - High Na - Weight loss - Thirst
Height/length -Weight -BMI -Body Measures (skin fold thickness)

31. Excessive or inappropriate protein intake
High BUN - Low GFR - Poor growth - Deranged AA ratios - diet hx high PRO or AA supplement
Common for this diet to be ordered postoperatively - Permits patient's preferences and situations to be taken into consideration - Also allows for postoperative diet progression at the patient's tolerance
Used when patient has functioning GI tract - Used when patients unable to orally consume adequate nutrients and kcal - Preferred over parenteral nutrition - Physiologically beneficial in maintaining the integrity and function of the gut - Short-term
Socioeconomic status -comorbid disease states -Age adults: =< 75 children<5 PHYSICAL -stress and trauma- metabolic demands -mechanical ventilation-unable to eat -therapeutic bowel rest

32. What is Nutritional risk?
Potential to become malnourished
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output
Low serum vitamin levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake
Ketone breath - Diet hx low CHO - Dx: liver - pancreas - celiac's disease

33. Excessive fiber intake
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
Weight loss (5% in 1 month; 10% in 6 months) - Increased activity - dx: Parkinsons - cerebral palsy - dementia

34. Excessive parenteral nutrition infusion
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output
Elevated BUN:creatinine ratio - Hyperglycemia - Hypercapnia - Elevated liver enzymes - Weight gain - Edema - Meds that reduce energy requirements or impair metabolism
Ketone breath - Diet hx low CHO - Dx: liver - pancreas - celiac's disease
Weight gain - Diet hx of energy dense food intake

35. How long does TJC require resident screenings to be done during admission?
High BGL - Weight gain - High Hgb A1C - diet hx of energy dense food intake - Excess eating away from home
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support
TJC requires screenings within 48hrs

36. Imbalance of nutrients
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress
GI problems - Diarrhea - Nausea and vomiting - Cramping - Distention - Constipation - Mechanical complications - Tube displacement - Tube obstruction - Pulmonary aspiration - Mucosal damage
Low serum osmolality - Weight gain - Edema - Excess salt intake
>Moderate nutritional risk: transition from restrictive therapeutic to regular dietary intake >High Nutritional Risk: -Parenteral feeding -Tube Feeding -NPO -Clear liquids for more than 3 days

37. Excessive or inappropriate fat intake
High chol - amylase/lipase - liver function tests - Diet hx high fat
Technical complications - Pneumothorax - Septic complications - Local or systemic - Metabolic complications - Most common complication - Most common is hyperglycemia
Socioeconomic status -comorbid disease states -Age adults: =< 75 children<5 PHYSICAL -stress and trauma- metabolic demands -mechanical ventilation-unable to eat -therapeutic bowel rest
High BUN - Low GFR - Poor growth - Deranged AA ratios - diet hx high PRO or AA supplement

38. What are the thickened liquids?
High/low BGL - Meds - Insulin use -
Food items that minimize elimination patterns by reducing fecal volume - Restricted - High fiber foods - Milk and milk products - Fried foods - Pepper - Alcohol - Heavy seasonings
Low cholesterol - Low Ca - High PTT - Low Cu/Zn/Fe - Weight loss - Dehydration
Prevents aspiration - Thickener added to liquids to created required thickness - Nectar/Syrup thick - Consistency of heavy syrup in canned fruit - Least restrictive - Cream based soups and most nutritional supplements - Honey thick - Consistency of h

39. Inadequate vitamin intake
Low serum vitamin levels - Physical signs of deficiency - Diet hx of low intake
Prealbumin- (visceral protein status) Normal Value: 16-40 g/dl Compromised Protein status: 10-15 g/dl Possible protein malnutrition: <10 g/dl
Used when patient has functioning GI tract - Used when patients unable to orally consume adequate nutrients and kcal - Preferred over parenteral nutrition - Physiologically beneficial in maintaining the integrity and function of the gut - Short-term
Indirect calorimetry measurement - Vitamin/mineral abnormalities in lab values - Inadequate weight gain - or unintentional weight loss Clinical evidence of vitamin/mineral deficiency

40. What is the classifications of BMI and numbers?
Underweight-bmi<18.5 normal- 18.5-24.9 overweight-25.0-29.9 obese- bmi>30
Abnormal liver enzymes - Fatty liver - Weight gain/loss - Edema
Pureed - Mechanically altered - Advanced
Biochemical parameters indicating suboptimal nutrient intake - Estimated intake less than needs - Cultural or religious practices - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite

41. Less than optimal enteral nutrition
Abnormal liver function tests - Abnormal levels of nutrient - Weight gain or weight loss - Edema - Nausea - Intolerance
Foods that are easy to chew - digest - and absorb - Used during transition from liquid diets to regular or general diets - Foods low in fiber - Only lightly seasoned - Not appropriate for patients requiring mechanical soft diets
Abnormal liver enzymes - Fatty liver - Weight gain/loss - Edema
Method of feeding clients who do not have a functioning GI tract - Clinical disease (malabsorption) - surgical intervention - trauma/stress - malignancies - Energy and nutrients provided intravenously - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - Infused into

42. Predicted suboptimal energy intake
Reports or observations of energy intake less than needs - Projected change in ability to procure or consume adequate energy - Knowledge deficit - Projected increase in physical activity
Ketone breath - Diet hx low CHO - Dx: liver - pancreas - celiac's disease
Designed to attain or maintain optimal nutritional status in those who do not require modified or therapeutic diets - Used to promote health and reduce risks for developing chronic diet-related diseases
Diet hx of high intake - Diarrhea - Constipation - GI distress

43. Inadequate fiber intake
14 days of admission
Common for this diet to be ordered postoperatively - Permits patient's preferences and situations to be taken into consideration - Also allows for postoperative diet progression at the patient's tolerance
Weight status and trends - BUN - creatinine - serum chemistries - proteins - Fluid status - intake and output
Diet hx of low fiber intake - Constipation/low stool volume

44. Inadequate protein-energy intake
Indirect calorimetry measurement - Vitamin/mineral abnormalities in lab values - Inadequate weight gain - or unintentional weight loss Clinical evidence of vitamin/mineral deficiency
Serum and urine creatinine and BUN (somatic muscle protein) -ELEVATED if muscle is broken down Normal Values: -Serum Creatinine: 0.5-1.2mg/100ml -BUN: 10-20 mg/ml
Kcal count -24 hr recall -Food records
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO

45. What else do you check with biochemical tests?
Anthropometric data -Clinical data -Dietary intake assessment
Regular diet with attention to texture - Consistency of food can be varied according to the patient's ability to chew and swallow - Foods chopped - ground - mashed - or pureed - Patient's needs should be evaluated - Modifying consistency according to
TJC requires screenings within 48hrs
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO

46. What is Primary Nutrition Risk?
Diet hx of low intake
Ketone breath - Diet hx low CHO - Dx: liver - pancreas - celiac's disease
High BUN - Low GFR - Poor growth - Deranged AA ratios - diet hx high PRO or AA supplement
Inadequate Intake

47. What is Clear Liquid Diet?
IV lipid emulsions - Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent the development of essential fatty acid deficiency - Kcal density of lipid solutions is useful when volume restriction is necessary
Foods liquid at room or body temperature - Clear liquid plus milk - pudding - ice cream - soups - yogurt - Used to provide oral nourishment for patients - Difficulty chewing and swallowing solid foods - Commercial nutritional supplements often used
Foods clear and liquid at room/body temperature - :Used to help prevent dehydration and keep colon contents to a minimum - -Good source of fluids and water - Inadequate in: - Protein - Fat - Energy - Fiber - Recommended for short-term use (3-5 days
Reports or observations of energy intake more than needs - Lower physical activity - Planned change in mobility/physical activity - Meds increasing appetite - Knowledge deficit

48. What are some swallowing aids?
Biochemical parameters indicating suboptimal nutrient intake - Estimated intake less than needs - Cultural or religious practices - Knowledge deficit - Meds affecting appetite
Caused by disease
Encourage patient to think/talk about food before meals - Can help stimulate flow of saliva - Aids in formation of bolus - Chewing and swallowing process - Tart or sour foods - Stimulate saliva production - Have patient lick jelly from the lips - puc
Food allergy diet - Common: nuts - eggs - cow's milk - shellfish - wheat - Gluten-restricted diet - Celiac disease (malabsorption syndrome) - Omits wheat - rye - barley - oats - buckwheat - malt - Allows rice and corn - Lactose-restricted - Primary i

49. Malnutrition - Symptoms
Method of feeding clients who do not have a functioning GI tract - Clinical disease (malabsorption) - surgical intervention - trauma/stress - malignancies - Energy and nutrients provided intravenously - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - Infused into
Designed to attain or maintain optimal nutritional status in those who do not require modified or therapeutic diets - Used to promote health and reduce risks for developing chronic diet-related diseases
Prevents aspiration - Thickener added to liquids to created required thickness - Nectar/Syrup thick - Consistency of heavy syrup in canned fruit - Least restrictive - Cream based soups and most nutritional supplements - Honey thick - Consistency of h
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO

50. Symptoms of Intakes - Increased energy expenditure
Weight loss (5% in 1 month; 10% in 6 months) - Increased activity - dx: Parkinsons - cerebral palsy - dementia
Low cholesterol - Weight loss - Poor dentition - Self-feeding problems - Inadequate nutrition support
Low alb - Low BMI - Weight loss - Poor growth rate - Diet hx low PRO
Diet hx of xs fiber intake - GI distress