Test your basic knowledge |

Paper Science Engineering Core Concepts

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the single product of Semi- chemical pulping?
25%
Corrugating Medium alone.
Conduction.
Liberation of Fibers.

2. List the 3 forces of wet end water removal.
75%
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
To improve brightness.

3. What are the three types of chemical pulping?
Calcium carbonate.
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
Growth.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.

4. What percentage of the average P&W sheet is Softwood?
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
Springwood.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
25%

5. What does the Kappa number indicate?
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
Percent ISO.
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.

6. What does PGW mean?
High yield - low cost - simple.
37%
Pressurized ground wood.
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.

7. What is the PRIMARY goal of pulping processes?
37%
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
Liberation of Fibers.

8. What are the 3 main components of wood and what percentage of wood do they make up?
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
Summerwood.
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).

9. What are some products of Recycled Pulping?
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Summerwood.
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.

10. What is a common wet strength aid?
Kymene.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.

11. What are some products of Chemical pulping?
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former

12. What is the function of Bark?
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
Protection.

13. What percent of Paper and Board in the US is RECOVERED each year?
57%
Springwood.
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.

14. What are the steps in Chemical pulping?
Protection.
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
Kymene.
Liberation of Fibers.

15. The set up of Evaporators and how it saves steam economy.
57%
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
Kymene.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.

16. Disadvantages of Mechanical Pulping?
Conduction.
Kymene.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.

17. Define Fluff Pulp.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
365 million metric tons
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs

18. What are some strength additives?
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
Kymene.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Starch.

19. What is the largest paper grade in the US by weight?
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Calcium carbonate.
Printing and writing.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.

20. Define Paper.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.

21. What percentage of US production do P&W - Board - and Tissue compose?
57%
25%
Conduction.
33% - 55% - and 8%

22. What are the advantages of Kraft pulping?
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
High yield - low cost - simple.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.

23. Where is black liquor produced and how is it seperated from the pulp?
China - 105 AD
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
Help retain fines and fillers.

24. What is the largest paperboard grade in the US by weight?
Unbleached Kraft
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.

25. What are some disadvantages of Semi- chemical pulping?
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.

26. What are the four broad categories of pulping?
Starch.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.

27. What do the stages in DEDED do?
85 million metric tons
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.

28. What is Active Alkali?
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
85 million metric tons
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

29. What is world production per year of paper/board?
Help retain fines and fillers.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
365 million metric tons
Stone ground wood.

30. What are the jobs of the Recovery Boiler?
33% - 55% - and 8%
Help retain fines and fillers.
85 million metric tons
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3

31. What does TCF stand for?
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
Totally Chlorine Free.

32. List the 3 types of Wet end machines.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
655 and 98 lbs/year
Summerwood.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.

33. What is the primary goal of bleaching?
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
To improve brightness.
Printing and writing.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press

34. What are the steps to recycled pulping?
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
High yield - low cost - simple.
Conduction.
To improve brightness.

35. What percentage of the average P&W sheet is Hardwood?
75%
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
Starch.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.

36. What two types of paperboard are in a typical box?
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
High yield - low cost - simple.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.

37. What do retention aids do?
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Help retain fines and fillers.
Kymene.
Conduction.

38. What does SGW mean?
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Stone ground wood.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.

39. What are some advantages of Chemical pulping?
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.

40. How is brightness measured?
Percent ISO.
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
Pressurized ground wood.
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.

41. What are some disadvantages of Chemical pulping?
polyacrylamide.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.

42. What does ECF stand for?
Conduction.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
Summerwood.

43. What are some roles of the headbox?
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3

44. What is black liquor?
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
Starch.
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.

45. What are the three big steps to Chemical recovery?
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.

46. What is the purpose of sizing additives?
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
365 million metric tons
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
Kymene.

47. What are the 3 major grades of paper?
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.

48. Advantages of recycled pulping?
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
33% - 55% - and 8%
To improve brightness.
Liberation of Fibers.

49. What is Sulfidity?
Unbleached Kraft
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
365 million metric tons

50. How many times can a fiber be recycled before it is completely destroyed typically?
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
Totally Chlorine Free.
6 to 7 times.
Thermomechanical pulping