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Paper Science Engineering Core Concepts

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What are the steps of Mechanical Pulping?
Grinding and refining.
China - 105 AD
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
Totally Chlorine Free.

2. What is common filler?
High yield - low cost - simple.
85 million metric tons
6 to 7 times.
Calcium carbonate.

3. What is black liquor?
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.
Help retain fines and fillers.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Kymene.

4. What percent of Paper and Board in the US is RECOVERED each year?
Printing and writing.
Unbleached Kraft
6 to 7 times.
57%

5. What happens during refining?
Percent ISO.
57%
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down

6. When and where was paper invented?
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
China - 105 AD
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.

7. What are the 3 major grades of paper?
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Growth.
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.

8. What are some sizing additives?
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic

9. List the 3 forces of wet end water removal.
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
Percent ISO.

10. What is world production per year of paper/board?
365 million metric tons
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
Conduction.

11. What is Sulfidity?
365 million metric tons
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
High quality - adaptable - and simple.

12. What part of wood largely goes into paper?
Starch.
655 and 98 lbs/year
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.

13. What are the layers of wood fiber - listed from innermost to outermost?
To improve brightness.
Liberation of Fibers.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic

14. What do the stages in DEDED do?
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness

15. Disadvantages of recycled pulping?
batch and continuous.
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.

16. What are some advantages of Chemical pulping?
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
High yield - low cost - simple.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.

17. What are some products of Recycled Pulping?
Printing and writing.
polyacrylamide.
Unbleached Kraft
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.

18. What is the largest paper grade in the US by weight?
25%
Printing and writing.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.

19. What are some disadvantages of Chemical pulping?
Totally Chlorine Free.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
High yield - low cost - simple.
Help retain fines and fillers.

20. What are some products of Chemical pulping?
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.
Calcium carbonate.

21. What are the 3 main components of wood and what percentage of wood do they make up?
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).

22. What does SGW mean?
25%
To deliver stock on to the wire.
Stone ground wood.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.

23. What is brownstock?
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
Brown pulp that is unbleached.

24. What sets Semi-Chemical pulping apart from Chemical Pulping?
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
6 to 7 times.

25. What does the Kappa number indicate?
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.

26. What is freeness?
Protection.
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.

27. What is the function of Heartwood and Sapwood?
655 and 98 lbs/year
Conduction.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
High yield - low cost - simple.

28. What are some strength additives?
Starch.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.

29. What are the products of Mechanical Pulping?
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
China - 105 AD
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).

30. What is the function of the Cambium?
37%
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.
Growth.

31. What does TCF stand for?
365 million metric tons
Totally Chlorine Free.
Growth.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.

32. What are some roles of the headbox?
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs
Unbleached Kraft
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining

33. What are some advantages of Semi- chemical pulping?
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
High yield - low cost - simple.
25%
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.

34. What are the steps in Semi-Chemical Pulping?
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
6 to 7 times.
Pressurized ground wood.

35. What two types of paperboard are in a typical box?
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
6 to 7 times.
57%

36. Where is black liquor produced and how is it seperated from the pulp?
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
China - 105 AD
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
Brown pulp that is unbleached.

37. How much Paper/Board is produced in the US a year?
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
85 million metric tons
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness

38. What are the advantages of Kraft pulping?
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).

39. What is the single product of Semi- chemical pulping?
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
Corrugating Medium alone.

40. List the 3 types of Wet end machines.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
Protection.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former

41. Define Market Pulp.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
Corrugating Medium alone.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.

42. What is the function of Bark?
Liberation of Fibers.
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
Protection.
polyacrylamide.

43. How many times can a fiber be recycled before it is completely destroyed typically?
batch and continuous.
365 million metric tons
6 to 7 times.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.

44. What are some disadvantages of Semi- chemical pulping?
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Calcium carbonate.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.

45. What does PGW mean?
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
Stone ground wood.
Pressurized ground wood.

46. What are the four broad categories of pulping?
Starch.
Corrugating Medium alone.
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining

47. What does ECF stand for?
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs
Stone ground wood.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.

48. What is Active Alkali?
Unbleached Kraft
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

49. What are the three big steps to Chemical recovery?
To improve brightness.
33% - 55% - and 8%
85 million metric tons
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining

50. Name the primary purpose of the headbox.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
Protection.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness

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Paper Science Engineering Core Concepts

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3d Computer Modeling

Actionscript

Adobe Flash

Adobe Illustrator

Adobe Illustrator Shortcuts

Adobe Indesign Publishing

Adobe Photoshop CS 2 - CS 3

Adobe Photoshop CS 5

Adobe Photoshop CS 5 Keyboard Shortcuts

Adobe Photoshop Graphic Design

Adobe Photoshop Tools And Commands

Adobe Premiere Keyboard Shortcuts

Adobe Premiere Pro

After Effects Keyboard Shortcuts

Agile Development

Agile Scrum Methodology

Ajax

Android Programming

Animation

Asp.net Programming