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Paper Science Engineering Core Concepts

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. What is freeness?
Springwood.
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Help retain fines and fillers.

2. What do the stages in DEDED do?
Unbleached Kraft
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
655 and 98 lbs/year
Grinding and refining.

3. What do retention aids do?
Help retain fines and fillers.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.

4. What does TMP mean?
Thermomechanical pulping
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.

5. What is a common wet strength aid?
Stone ground wood.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Kymene.
33% - 55% - and 8%

6. What is the per capita paper consumption for the US and China - respectively?
85 million metric tons
25%
655 and 98 lbs/year
25%

7. What sets Semi-Chemical pulping apart from Chemical Pulping?
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.

8. What are some products of Recycled Pulping?
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Grinding and refining.
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
batch and continuous.

9. What does the Kappa number indicate?
Printing and writing.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.

10. What is formation?
polyacrylamide.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.

11. The set up of Evaporators and how it saves steam economy.
Kymene.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.

12. What happens during refining?
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
37%
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

13. What are some roles of the headbox?
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.

14. Disadvantages of Mechanical Pulping?
Percent ISO.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.

15. How many times can a fiber be recycled before it is completely destroyed typically?
6 to 7 times.
25%
Grinding and refining.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining

16. What is black liquor?
6 to 7 times.
Pressurized ground wood.
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.

17. What is common filler?
Calcium carbonate.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Thermomechanical pulping
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.

18. What does TCF stand for?
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
Totally Chlorine Free.
Protection.

19. What percentage of US production do P&W - Board - and Tissue compose?
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
6 to 7 times.
33% - 55% - and 8%

20. Advantages of recycled pulping?
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.

21. What are some sizing additives?
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Calcium carbonate.

22. What percentage of the average P&W sheet is Softwood?
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
25%

23. What percent of Paper and Board in the US is PRODUCED from RECYCLING?
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
37%
Totally Chlorine Free.
Pressurized ground wood.

24. Define Market Pulp.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
37%

25. What are the three types of chemical pulping?
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
Stone ground wood.
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.

26. What are some disadvantages of Semi- chemical pulping?
Starch.
Conduction.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.

27. What is Sulfidity?
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
Percent ISO.
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO

28. What is the PRIMARY goal of pulping processes?
Liberation of Fibers.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.

29. What does SGW mean?
Conduction.
Stone ground wood.
Unbleached Kraft
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness

30. What is the function of Heartwood and Sapwood?
25%
Conduction.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Unbleached Kraft

31. How much Paper/Board is produced in the US a year?
To deliver stock on to the wire.
85 million metric tons
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.

32. Advantages of Mechanical Pulping?
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Growth.
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.

33. What is Effective Alkali?
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Pressurized ground wood.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Help retain fines and fillers.

34. How is brightness measured?
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
Percent ISO.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Grinding and refining.

35. What two ways is kraft pulping performed?
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
batch and continuous.
Conduction.
To deliver stock on to the wire.

36. What is brownstock?
Brown pulp that is unbleached.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
batch and continuous.

37. List the 3 forces of wet end water removal.
Growth.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.

38. What are the advantages of Kraft pulping?
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.

39. Name the primary purpose of the headbox.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
To deliver stock on to the wire.
Protection.
China - 105 AD

40. Define Fluff Pulp.
Conduction.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
China - 105 AD

41. What are some disadvantages of Chemical pulping?
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
75%
polyacrylamide.

42. List the 3 types of headboxes.
Percent ISO.
Conduction.
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic

43. What are some advantages of Chemical pulping?
Pressurized ground wood.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
655 and 98 lbs/year
Printing and writing.

44. Light rings in wood are known as what?
Springwood.
655 and 98 lbs/year
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.

45. What is the largest paper grade in the US by weight?
Totally Chlorine Free.
25%
Printing and writing.
Help retain fines and fillers.

46. What two types of paperboard are in a typical box?
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
Liberation of Fibers.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
To improve brightness.

47. What is Active Alkali?
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
High yield - low cost - simple.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

48. What are some strength additives?
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
Starch.
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
Environmentally Chlorine Free.

49. What are some advantages of Semi- chemical pulping?
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.
High yield - low cost - simple.
57%
Thermomechanical pulping

50. What are the jobs of the Recovery Boiler?
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3
37%
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
365 million metric tons

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Test your basic knowledge |

Paper Science Engineering Core Concepts

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3d Computer Modeling

Actionscript

Adobe Flash

Adobe Illustrator

Adobe Illustrator Shortcuts

Adobe Indesign Publishing

Adobe Photoshop CS 2 - CS 3

Adobe Photoshop CS 5

Adobe Photoshop CS 5 Keyboard Shortcuts

Adobe Photoshop Graphic Design

Adobe Photoshop Tools And Commands

Adobe Premiere Keyboard Shortcuts

Adobe Premiere Pro

After Effects Keyboard Shortcuts

Agile Development

Agile Scrum Methodology

Ajax

Android Programming

Animation

Asp.net Programming