Test your basic knowledge |

Paper Science Engineering Core Concepts

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are some sizing additives?
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.

2. What does ECF stand for?
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
25%
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
37%

3. What is a retention additive often used?
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
polyacrylamide.

4. Define refining.
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs
85 million metric tons
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.

5. What are the steps of Mechanical Pulping?
Grinding and refining.
Kymene.
Conduction.
Summerwood.

6. What happens during refining?
75%
Summerwood.
Unbleached Kraft
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down

7. Name the primary purpose of the headbox.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.

8. What is the function of the Cambium?
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
Calcium carbonate.
Growth.
To deliver stock on to the wire.

9. What does TMP mean?
Starch.
Pressurized ground wood.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
Thermomechanical pulping

10. Disadvantages of recycled pulping?
Printing and writing.
Pressurized ground wood.
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.

11. What are the steps to recycled pulping?
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
China - 105 AD
Percent ISO.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.

12. What is a common wet strength aid?
Kymene.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs
Printing and writing.

13. What does SGW mean?
Stone ground wood.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
batch and continuous.
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.

14. What are some disadvantages of Semi- chemical pulping?
polyacrylamide.
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.

15. Light rings in wood are known as what?
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
Springwood.
Thermomechanical pulping
batch and continuous.

16. What are the steps in Semi-Chemical Pulping?
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
Conduction.

17. What are the jobs of the Recovery Boiler?
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.

18. What is the largest paper grade in the US by weight?
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Printing and writing.
Kymene.

19. What do fillers do?
25%
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
Grinding and refining.

20. Define Paper.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
Brown pulp that is unbleached.
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3
Calcium carbonate.

21. What is freeness?
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Calcium carbonate.
57%
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.

22. What percent of Paper and Board in the US is RECOVERED each year?
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
Corrugating Medium alone.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
57%

23. What does the Kappa number indicate?
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.

24. What is black liquor?
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.
85 million metric tons
Springwood.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.

25. What does PGW mean?
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
Pressurized ground wood.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).

26. What is Active Alkali?
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Liberation of Fibers.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
57%

27. Define Market Pulp.
Pressurized ground wood.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Starch.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

28. What two types of paperboard are in a typical box?
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.

29. Advantages of recycled pulping?
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
85 million metric tons

30. What percent of World production does the US contribute to Paper/Board?
Springwood.
6 to 7 times.
25%
Summerwood.

31. What are some advantages of Chemical pulping?
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.

32. List the 3 types of Wet end machines.
Protection.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).

33. What are the three big steps to Chemical recovery?
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
6 to 7 times.
Kymene.

34. What sets Semi-Chemical pulping apart from Chemical Pulping?
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
Grinding and refining.
Percent ISO.

35. What percentage of the average P&W sheet is Softwood?
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
655 and 98 lbs/year
25%
To deliver stock on to the wire.

36. What are the products of Mechanical Pulping?
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
25%
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.

37. What is the PRIMARY goal of pulping processes?
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Liberation of Fibers.
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.

38. What are the three types of chemical pulping?
37%
Grinding and refining.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).

39. What are the steps in Chemical pulping?
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
Percent ISO.

40. How many times can a fiber be recycled before it is completely destroyed typically?
Conduction.
6 to 7 times.
Thermomechanical pulping
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.

41. What are the layers of wood fiber - listed from innermost to outermost?
Percent ISO.
365 million metric tons
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.

42. Dark rings in wood are known as what?
batch and continuous.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
Summerwood.
Conduction.

43. What are some disadvantages of Chemical pulping?
25%
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Help retain fines and fillers.

44. What are some products of Recycled Pulping?
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
Starch.

45. What are some advantages of Semi- chemical pulping?
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
High yield - low cost - simple.
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
Calcium carbonate.

46. What does CTMP mean?
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
Springwood.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.

47. What is the per capita paper consumption for the US and China - respectively?
Calcium carbonate.
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
655 and 98 lbs/year
Help retain fines and fillers.

48. What does TCF stand for?
Totally Chlorine Free.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.

49. What is common filler?
Calcium carbonate.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.

50. Disadvantages of Mechanical Pulping?
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.