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Paper Science Engineering Core Concepts

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the largest paperboard grade in the US by weight?
High yield - low cost - simple.
Unbleached Kraft
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Springwood.

2. What are the advantages of Kraft pulping?
Kymene.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
Corrugating Medium alone.
Calcium carbonate.

3. How much Paper/Board is produced in the US a year?
85 million metric tons
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
Corrugating Medium alone.
37%

4. What is the primary goal of bleaching?
Starch.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
To improve brightness.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former

5. Advantages of Mechanical Pulping?
polyacrylamide.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press

6. What are the 3 main components of wood and what percentage of wood do they make up?
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
25%
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).

7. What is world production per year of paper/board?
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
75%
Stone ground wood.
365 million metric tons

8. What percentage of the average P&W sheet is Softwood?
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
25%
33% - 55% - and 8%
Protection.

9. What are the layers of wood fiber - listed from innermost to outermost?
6 to 7 times.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

10. What is common filler?
Calcium carbonate.
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down

11. What are the products of Mechanical Pulping?
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
37%
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.

12. What does ECF stand for?
Stone ground wood.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
Liberation of Fibers.

13. How is brightness measured?
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Percent ISO.
Corrugating Medium alone.

14. What is Sulfidity?
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
25%
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO

15. What does SGW mean?
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Stone ground wood.
Growth.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.

16. What are some products of Chemical pulping?
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
Pressurized ground wood.

17. What is the largest paper grade in the US by weight?
Totally Chlorine Free.
85 million metric tons
Help retain fines and fillers.
Printing and writing.

18. What part of wood largely goes into paper?
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Protection.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.

19. What is the function of Bark?
33% - 55% - and 8%
Protection.
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
batch and continuous.

20. What is the PRIMARY goal of pulping processes?
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
Liberation of Fibers.
Pressurized ground wood.

21. What does PGW mean?
Grinding and refining.
Unbleached Kraft
Pressurized ground wood.
75%

22. Define refining.
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
Stone ground wood.
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
Liberation of Fibers.

23. Name the primary purpose of the headbox.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
To deliver stock on to the wire.

24. What does the Kappa number indicate?
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3
57%
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Starch.

25. Light rings in wood are known as what?
Kymene.
Thermomechanical pulping
Springwood.
Totally Chlorine Free.

26. What happens during refining?
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO

27. What percentage of the average P&W sheet is Hardwood?
75%
Pressurized ground wood.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
China - 105 AD

28. What two ways is kraft pulping performed?
batch and continuous.
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
Totally Chlorine Free.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.

29. What do the stages in DEDED do?
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
Conduction.

30. How many times can a fiber be recycled before it is completely destroyed typically?
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
6 to 7 times.

31. When and where was paper invented?
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
China - 105 AD

32. Dark rings in wood are known as what?
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
Summerwood.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.

33. What is brownstock?
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Brown pulp that is unbleached.
Help retain fines and fillers.

34. What percent of Paper and Board in the US is PRODUCED from RECYCLING?
Springwood.
Stone ground wood.
Kymene.
37%

35. What is the per capita paper consumption for the US and China - respectively?
Kymene.
655 and 98 lbs/year
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press

36. What are the steps in Semi-Chemical Pulping?
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
Protection.

37. List the 3 forces of wet end water removal.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
High yield - low cost - simple.

38. What two types of paperboard are in a typical box?
Protection.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

39. What is the purpose of sizing additives?
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Pressurized ground wood.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.

40. What sets Semi-Chemical pulping apart from Chemical Pulping?
Percent ISO.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

41. What is the function of the Cambium?
Protection.
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Growth.

42. Advantages of recycled pulping?
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
To improve brightness.

43. What is a common wet strength aid?
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Kymene.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining

44. What are some products of Recycled Pulping?
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.

45. What are some strength additives?
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs
Starch.
Totally Chlorine Free.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former

46. Define Market Pulp.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
25%
Printing and writing.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.

47. What is Active Alkali?
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.

48. What does TCF stand for?
365 million metric tons
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
Totally Chlorine Free.

49. What are the jobs of the Recovery Boiler?
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.

50. What is the function of Heartwood and Sapwood?
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
Conduction.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.