Test your basic knowledge |

Paper Science Engineering Core Concepts

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What happens during refining?
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Stone ground wood.
6 to 7 times.
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down

2. When and where was paper invented?
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
China - 105 AD
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.

3. Define Paper.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
6 to 7 times.

4. What is the largest paper grade in the US by weight?
Brown pulp that is unbleached.
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.
Printing and writing.

5. List the 3 forces of wet end water removal.
25%
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
Springwood.

6. How much Paper/Board is produced in the US a year?
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
85 million metric tons
Totally Chlorine Free.
Brown pulp that is unbleached.

7. What are the steps to recycled pulping?
Help retain fines and fillers.
Stone ground wood.
Brown pulp that is unbleached.
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.

8. List the 3 types of Wet end machines.
Growth.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
37%
High yield - low cost - simple.

9. What are the four broad categories of pulping?
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
33% - 55% - and 8%
Kymene.
Pressurized ground wood.

10. Define Fluff Pulp.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.

11. What is brownstock?
Brown pulp that is unbleached.
57%
To deliver stock on to the wire.
Percent ISO.

12. Define refining.
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
batch and continuous.
57%

13. What are the 3 major grades of paper?
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Growth.

14. What do the stages in DEDED do?
33% - 55% - and 8%
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.

15. What percent of World production does the US contribute to Paper/Board?
Thermomechanical pulping
25%
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.

16. List the 3 types of headboxes.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.
Growth.

17. What two ways is kraft pulping performed?
37%
Liberation of Fibers.
batch and continuous.
Corrugating Medium alone.

18. What are the steps in Chemical pulping?
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
Grinding and refining.
Brown pulp that is unbleached.
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.

19. What does SGW mean?
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
Stone ground wood.
Springwood.

20. What is a retention additive often used?
25%
polyacrylamide.
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
Grinding and refining.

21. What is common filler?
Calcium carbonate.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
Unbleached Kraft
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.

22. What part of wood largely goes into paper?
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
Stone ground wood.
85 million metric tons

23. What are some advantages of Chemical pulping?
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
Stone ground wood.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

24. What are the jobs of the Recovery Boiler?
To improve brightness.
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3
Printing and writing.
75%

25. What are the steps of Mechanical Pulping?
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.
Protection.
Grinding and refining.

26. What is the per capita paper consumption for the US and China - respectively?
655 and 98 lbs/year
Totally Chlorine Free.
Thermomechanical pulping
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.

27. What are some products of Recycled Pulping?
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
365 million metric tons

28. What are some roles of the headbox?
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
57%

29. What is the function of Heartwood and Sapwood?
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
Conduction.
To improve brightness.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press

30. What percentage of the average P&W sheet is Hardwood?
75%
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
Starch.
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3

31. What does TCF stand for?
Totally Chlorine Free.
Pressurized ground wood.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
Summerwood.

32. What are the advantages of Kraft pulping?
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.

33. What is Effective Alkali?
Percent ISO.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
Corrugating Medium alone.

34. What are some disadvantages of Chemical pulping?
Conduction.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

35. Define Market Pulp.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.

36. What are some sizing additives?
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.

37. What is the purpose of sizing additives?
Conduction.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Kymene.
Percent ISO.

38. How is brightness measured?
Percent ISO.
25%
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Environmentally Chlorine Free.

39. What percentage of US production do P&W - Board - and Tissue compose?
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
33% - 55% - and 8%
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
25%

40. What is the single product of Semi- chemical pulping?
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
Corrugating Medium alone.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.

41. What are some disadvantages of Semi- chemical pulping?
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
Printing and writing.
Conduction.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.

42. What are the products of Mechanical Pulping?
Growth.
Totally Chlorine Free.
Kymene.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.

43. What is a common wet strength aid?
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
85 million metric tons
Kymene.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic

44. What is world production per year of paper/board?
Growth.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Starch.
365 million metric tons

45. What are the 3 main components of wood and what percentage of wood do they make up?
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
6 to 7 times.
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
To improve brightness.

46. What are some advantages of Semi- chemical pulping?
High yield - low cost - simple.
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
Percent ISO.
Conduction.

47. Name the primary purpose of the headbox.
Springwood.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
Summerwood.
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down

48. What are some products of Chemical pulping?
25%
Summerwood.
85 million metric tons
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.

49. What are the three types of chemical pulping?
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
25%
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.

50. Where is black liquor produced and how is it seperated from the pulp?
batch and continuous.
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs