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Paper Science Engineering Core Concepts

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Disadvantages of Mechanical Pulping?
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
57%
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.

2. What does TCF stand for?
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Totally Chlorine Free.
Starch.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.

3. What does ECF stand for?
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
Unbleached Kraft
Conduction.
37%

4. What is a common wet strength aid?
Kymene.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
Totally Chlorine Free.

5. Disadvantages of recycled pulping?
33% - 55% - and 8%
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.

6. What does CTMP mean?
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
Printing and writing.
Springwood.
Percent ISO.

7. What percent of Paper and Board in the US is PRODUCED from RECYCLING?
Thermomechanical pulping
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
37%

8. What is the function of Bark?
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
Protection.
Printing and writing.
6 to 7 times.

9. What are the steps in Chemical pulping?
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Percent ISO.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.

10. What is the purpose of sizing additives?
Totally Chlorine Free.
85 million metric tons
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.

11. What do the stages in DEDED do?
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.

12. What does TMP mean?
Stone ground wood.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
Starch.
Thermomechanical pulping

13. What are the four broad categories of pulping?
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.

14. What are some advantages of Semi- chemical pulping?
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
Stone ground wood.
High yield - low cost - simple.
Kymene.

15. What is the single product of Semi- chemical pulping?
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs
Percent ISO.
6 to 7 times.
Corrugating Medium alone.

16. What does the Kappa number indicate?
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
High yield - low cost - simple.
Help retain fines and fillers.
Pressurized ground wood.

17. What is the H- factor? What does it tell us?
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.

18. What are the steps in Semi-Chemical Pulping?
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
75%
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.

19. What are some products of Recycled Pulping?
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
Printing and writing.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.

20. List the 3 types of headboxes.
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
6 to 7 times.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.

21. What is common filler?
Totally Chlorine Free.
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
Stone ground wood.
Calcium carbonate.

22. What are the steps of Mechanical Pulping?
Protection.
To improve brightness.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Grinding and refining.

23. What are the three big steps to Chemical recovery?
polyacrylamide.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.

24. What are the advantages of Kraft pulping?
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
batch and continuous.
Growth.

25. Where is black liquor produced and how is it seperated from the pulp?
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
Stone ground wood.

26. What are some strength additives?
Starch.
Pressurized ground wood.
Thermomechanical pulping
57%

27. What does PGW mean?
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
polyacrylamide.
Pressurized ground wood.
25%

28. What percent of World production does the US contribute to Paper/Board?
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
Unbleached Kraft
25%
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO

29. What are the layers of wood fiber - listed from innermost to outermost?
Stone ground wood.
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs

30. What is Effective Alkali?
Corrugating Medium alone.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.

31. What are the products of Mechanical Pulping?
Stone ground wood.
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.

32. What is the per capita paper consumption for the US and China - respectively?
655 and 98 lbs/year
25%
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.

33. Advantages of recycled pulping?
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
85 million metric tons
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.

34. What are some disadvantages of Semi- chemical pulping?
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.

35. What is Active Alkali?
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

36. What is Sulfidity?
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.

37. What is the function of the Cambium?
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Growth.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.

38. How many times can a fiber be recycled before it is completely destroyed typically?
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
6 to 7 times.
To improve brightness.
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).

39. Define Fluff Pulp.
Help retain fines and fillers.
Totally Chlorine Free.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
Grinding and refining.

40. What is formation?
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.

41. What is the function of Heartwood and Sapwood?
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
Conduction.

42. Light rings in wood are known as what?
Percent ISO.
Springwood.
57%
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.

43. What are some advantages of Chemical pulping?
batch and continuous.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Liberation of Fibers.

44. What happens during refining?
Help retain fines and fillers.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
polyacrylamide.
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down

45. What is a retention additive often used?
polyacrylamide.
75%
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
25%

46. What do retention aids do?
Help retain fines and fillers.
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
85 million metric tons
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).

47. What are the 3 main components of wood and what percentage of wood do they make up?
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
Thermomechanical pulping

48. How is brightness measured?
655 and 98 lbs/year
Percent ISO.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
Calcium carbonate.

49. What do fillers do?
655 and 98 lbs/year
85 million metric tons
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
batch and continuous.

50. What percentage of US production do P&W - Board - and Tissue compose?
655 and 98 lbs/year
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
33% - 55% - and 8%
High yield - low cost - simple.