Test your basic knowledge |

Paper Science Engineering Core Concepts

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a retention additive often used?
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
Grinding and refining.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
polyacrylamide.

2. What is the PRIMARY goal of pulping processes?
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Liberation of Fibers.
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.

3. What is the function of Bark?
Thermomechanical pulping
Protection.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
6 to 7 times.

4. What are some disadvantages of Chemical pulping?
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
China - 105 AD
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.

5. What are the three types of chemical pulping?
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
85 million metric tons
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).

6. What are the 3 main components of wood and what percentage of wood do they make up?
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.

7. What do the stages in DEDED do?
High yield - low cost - simple.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness

8. What percent of World production does the US contribute to Paper/Board?
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
25%
Summerwood.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.

9. What is world production per year of paper/board?
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Liberation of Fibers.
365 million metric tons
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).

10. What are some advantages of Chemical pulping?
Starch.
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

11. What does PGW mean?
Pressurized ground wood.
33% - 55% - and 8%
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.

12. What does SGW mean?
Printing and writing.
655 and 98 lbs/year
polyacrylamide.
Stone ground wood.

13. List the 3 forces of wet end water removal.
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
Pressurized ground wood.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.

14. What are the advantages of Kraft pulping?
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
655 and 98 lbs/year
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.

15. List the 3 types of headboxes.
Summerwood.
Unbleached Kraft
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
Environmentally Chlorine Free.

16. What percent of Paper and Board in the US is RECOVERED each year?
Percent ISO.
57%
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.

17. Light rings in wood are known as what?
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
365 million metric tons
Springwood.

18. What does TCF stand for?
Totally Chlorine Free.
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
Thermomechanical pulping

19. What percent of Paper and Board in the US is PRODUCED from RECYCLING?
37%
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
polyacrylamide.

20. What are the jobs of the Recovery Boiler?
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3

21. When and where was paper invented?
To deliver stock on to the wire.
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3
China - 105 AD
Printing and writing.

22. What does TMP mean?
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Percent ISO.
Thermomechanical pulping

23. What is the per capita paper consumption for the US and China - respectively?
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
6 to 7 times.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
655 and 98 lbs/year

24. Disadvantages of Mechanical Pulping?
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
Unbleached Kraft
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3

25. What is formation?
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
High yield - low cost - simple.

26. What is brownstock?
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Brown pulp that is unbleached.
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.

27. What is the function of the Cambium?
China - 105 AD
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Growth.

28. Dark rings in wood are known as what?
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
Summerwood.

29. What is Sulfidity?
polyacrylamide.
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
6 to 7 times.
Totally Chlorine Free.

30. What is a common wet strength aid?
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
Kymene.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.

31. What is the function of Heartwood and Sapwood?
Calcium carbonate.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
Printing and writing.
Conduction.

32. What are the products of Mechanical Pulping?
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
Growth.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Printing and writing.

33. What percentage of the average P&W sheet is Hardwood?
655 and 98 lbs/year
To deliver stock on to the wire.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
75%

34. What do fillers do?
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
China - 105 AD
Printing and writing.

35. What are the three big steps to Chemical recovery?
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Brown pulp that is unbleached.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former

36. Define Paper.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
57%

37. What are some products of Recycled Pulping?
To improve brightness.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.

38. Define refining.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
Growth.

39. Where is black liquor produced and how is it seperated from the pulp?
25%
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.

40. What is the purpose of sizing additives?
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Brown pulp that is unbleached.
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.

41. What are the layers of wood fiber - listed from innermost to outermost?
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
Corrugating Medium alone.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.

42. What is black liquor?
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Totally Chlorine Free.
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.

43. How much Paper/Board is produced in the US a year?
To improve brightness.
85 million metric tons
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Kymene.

44. Advantages of Mechanical Pulping?
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
85 million metric tons
Percent ISO.

45. Define Fluff Pulp.
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.

46. What sets Semi-Chemical pulping apart from Chemical Pulping?
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.

47. What are some sizing additives?
6 to 7 times.
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
365 million metric tons

48. Define Market Pulp.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Conduction.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.

49. List the 3 types of Wet end machines.
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
To deliver stock on to the wire.

50. What is the H- factor? What does it tell us?
6 to 7 times.
Stone ground wood.
Unbleached Kraft
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.