Test your basic knowledge |

Paper Science Engineering Core Concepts

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does SGW mean?
Stone ground wood.
25%
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Liberation of Fibers.

2. Where is black liquor produced and how is it seperated from the pulp?
655 and 98 lbs/year
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
Conduction.

3. What are some products of Recycled Pulping?
85 million metric tons
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Totally Chlorine Free.

4. What are some sizing additives?
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
85 million metric tons
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.

5. What are the advantages of Kraft pulping?
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
37%

6. What are the products of Mechanical Pulping?
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.

7. What are the four broad categories of pulping?
Thermomechanical pulping
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.

8. What are the three big steps to Chemical recovery?
57%
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.

9. What does TMP mean?
Thermomechanical pulping
Summerwood.
Conduction.
85 million metric tons

10. What are the steps in Semi-Chemical Pulping?
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
High yield - low cost - simple.
25%

11. What are the three types of chemical pulping?
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
Stone ground wood.

12. List the 3 types of Wet end machines.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Grinding and refining.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.

13. What are some disadvantages of Chemical pulping?
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
Unbleached Kraft

14. What are the 3 major grades of paper?
polyacrylamide.
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.

15. Name the primary purpose of the headbox.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
batch and continuous.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
High yield - low cost - simple.

16. What is formation?
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
25%
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

17. What happens during refining?
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
Calcium carbonate.
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.

18. What is the function of Bark?
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
Protection.
High yield - low cost - simple.
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.

19. What is the H- factor? What does it tell us?
6 to 7 times.
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.

20. Define Paper.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
25%
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs

21. What is the function of Heartwood and Sapwood?
Conduction.
Grinding and refining.
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
85 million metric tons

22. How much Paper/Board is produced in the US a year?
Grinding and refining.
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
85 million metric tons
Environmentally Chlorine Free.

23. Dark rings in wood are known as what?
Summerwood.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness

24. What is world production per year of paper/board?
85 million metric tons
365 million metric tons
Pressurized ground wood.
Brown pulp that is unbleached.

25. What is freeness?
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
China - 105 AD
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.

26. List the 3 types of headboxes.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic

27. Advantages of recycled pulping?
Corrugating Medium alone.
High yield - low cost - simple.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Pressurized ground wood.

28. What do retention aids do?
Help retain fines and fillers.
Liberation of Fibers.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
Grinding and refining.

29. What is common filler?
China - 105 AD
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
Calcium carbonate.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.

30. What is black liquor?
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.
Stone ground wood.
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).

31. List the 3 forces of wet end water removal.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
China - 105 AD
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
85 million metric tons

32. What two types of paperboard are in a typical box?
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
Help retain fines and fillers.
batch and continuous.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.

33. What does the Kappa number indicate?
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

34. What sets Semi-Chemical pulping apart from Chemical Pulping?
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
High yield - low cost - simple.
25%

35. What is Effective Alkali?
Kymene.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
polyacrylamide.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic

36. What does CTMP mean?
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.

37. What are some products of Chemical pulping?
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
Protection.
Unbleached Kraft

38. Define Fluff Pulp.
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
365 million metric tons

39. What is the largest paperboard grade in the US by weight?
Unbleached Kraft
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
Help retain fines and fillers.
Liberation of Fibers.

40. What does ECF stand for?
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Growth.

41. What is the purpose of sizing additives?
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.

42. What part of wood largely goes into paper?
Kymene.
Printing and writing.
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.

43. Disadvantages of recycled pulping?
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.
Calcium carbonate.
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.

44. What is the PRIMARY goal of pulping processes?
25%
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Liberation of Fibers.

45. What is a retention additive often used?
batch and continuous.
Printing and writing.
polyacrylamide.
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.

46. What is Active Alkali?
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.

47. What are the steps in Chemical pulping?
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
655 and 98 lbs/year
Percent ISO.
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.

48. How is brightness measured?
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
Percent ISO.
25%

49. What is the function of the Cambium?
Growth.
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
China - 105 AD
polyacrylamide.

50. What are the jobs of the Recovery Boiler?
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
75%
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3