Test your basic knowledge |

Paper Science Engineering Core Concepts

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the steps in Chemical pulping?
Springwood.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.

2. What is common filler?
Pressurized ground wood.
Calcium carbonate.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
Protection.

3. What is Sulfidity?
Grinding and refining.
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
25%
25%

4. Define Paper.
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.

5. What is Effective Alkali?
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3
Kymene.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

6. How many times can a fiber be recycled before it is completely destroyed typically?
6 to 7 times.
Summerwood.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.

7. What are some roles of the headbox?
365 million metric tons
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
655 and 98 lbs/year
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs

8. What are some sizing additives?
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
365 million metric tons
Percent ISO.

9. What are the steps in Semi-Chemical Pulping?
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.

10. What does PGW mean?
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Pressurized ground wood.
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
Help retain fines and fillers.

11. What is the function of Bark?
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
57%
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
Protection.

12. What are the four broad categories of pulping?
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
75%
High yield - low cost - simple.

13. What are some advantages of Chemical pulping?
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Conduction.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.

14. What is the PRIMARY goal of pulping processes?
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Growth.
Liberation of Fibers.
Stone ground wood.

15. What are some products of Chemical pulping?
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
6 to 7 times.

16. What do fillers do?
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
365 million metric tons
Springwood.

17. What percent of World production does the US contribute to Paper/Board?
25%
Corrugating Medium alone.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.

18. What does TMP mean?
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Thermomechanical pulping
75%
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.

19. What are the layers of wood fiber - listed from innermost to outermost?
Pressurized ground wood.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
China - 105 AD

20. What percent of Paper and Board in the US is PRODUCED from RECYCLING?
37%
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
Thermomechanical pulping

21. What does the Kappa number indicate?
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
365 million metric tons
To deliver stock on to the wire.
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO

22. What is the per capita paper consumption for the US and China - respectively?
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
655 and 98 lbs/year
33% - 55% - and 8%
Liberation of Fibers.

23. Where is black liquor produced and how is it seperated from the pulp?
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.

24. What are the jobs of the Recovery Boiler?
Unbleached Kraft
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3

25. What percent of Paper and Board in the US is RECOVERED each year?
365 million metric tons
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
57%
Calcium carbonate.

26. What is the purpose of sizing additives?
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3

27. What are the three big steps to Chemical recovery?
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
Brown pulp that is unbleached.
Totally Chlorine Free.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining

28. What are some disadvantages of Chemical pulping?
High yield - low cost - simple.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
25%
Grinding and refining.

29. What are the steps of Mechanical Pulping?
China - 105 AD
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
Grinding and refining.

30. What are the 3 main components of wood and what percentage of wood do they make up?
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
6 to 7 times.
Help retain fines and fillers.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.

31. What are some strength additives?
Calcium carbonate.
Starch.
25%
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.

32. Advantages of Mechanical Pulping?
To deliver stock on to the wire.
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.

33. How is brightness measured?
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
Percent ISO.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
6 to 7 times.

34. What is the largest paperboard grade in the US by weight?
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
Unbleached Kraft
Printing and writing.

35. Define refining.
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

36. What is a retention additive often used?
To deliver stock on to the wire.
polyacrylamide.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.

37. The set up of Evaporators and how it saves steam economy.
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
Growth.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.

38. Dark rings in wood are known as what?
6 to 7 times.
Totally Chlorine Free.
33% - 55% - and 8%
Summerwood.

39. How much Paper/Board is produced in the US a year?
Liberation of Fibers.
85 million metric tons
batch and continuous.
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.

40. List the 3 types of headboxes.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
33% - 55% - and 8%
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.

41. Define Fluff Pulp.
batch and continuous.
25%
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.

42. Advantages of recycled pulping?
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.

43. What are the 3 major grades of paper?
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
37%
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Pressurized ground wood.

44. Define Market Pulp.
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Stone ground wood.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining

45. What are the three types of chemical pulping?
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.

46. What is world production per year of paper/board?
365 million metric tons
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Unbleached Kraft
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.

47. What is the function of the Cambium?
Conduction.
Growth.
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
37%

48. What is formation?
Help retain fines and fillers.
batch and continuous.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down

49. List the 3 forces of wet end water removal.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
57%

50. What sets Semi-Chemical pulping apart from Chemical Pulping?
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.
Summerwood.
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.