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Paper Science Engineering Core Concepts

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is Effective Alkali?
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Help retain fines and fillers.

2. How many times can a fiber be recycled before it is completely destroyed typically?
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3
Unbleached Kraft
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
6 to 7 times.

3. What are some products of Recycled Pulping?
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
High yield - low cost - simple.
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
6 to 7 times.

4. Define Market Pulp.
Conduction.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
To deliver stock on to the wire.

5. What is black liquor?
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
33% - 55% - and 8%
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.

6. Name the primary purpose of the headbox.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
Conduction.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.

7. When and where was paper invented?
Protection.
China - 105 AD
Pressurized ground wood.
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).

8. Dark rings in wood are known as what?
Help retain fines and fillers.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
Summerwood.
batch and continuous.

9. Define Fluff Pulp.
To improve brightness.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.

10. Define refining.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Starch.
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former

11. What is the per capita paper consumption for the US and China - respectively?
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
655 and 98 lbs/year
365 million metric tons
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.

12. What percent of World production does the US contribute to Paper/Board?
37%
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
25%
Percent ISO.

13. What does ECF stand for?
Springwood.
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
To improve brightness.

14. What are some sizing additives?
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
Percent ISO.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.

15. What is Sulfidity?
Liberation of Fibers.
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.

16. Disadvantages of recycled pulping?
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.

17. What is a retention additive often used?
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
polyacrylamide.
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs
25%

18. What is the purpose of sizing additives?
Calcium carbonate.
batch and continuous.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).

19. What is the PRIMARY goal of pulping processes?
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
85 million metric tons
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
Liberation of Fibers.

20. What does CTMP mean?
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
Kymene.

21. What are the three types of chemical pulping?
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
Totally Chlorine Free.
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
Growth.

22. How much Paper/Board is produced in the US a year?
High yield - low cost - simple.
Percent ISO.
85 million metric tons
High quality - adaptable - and simple.

23. What percentage of US production do P&W - Board - and Tissue compose?
33% - 55% - and 8%
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
High yield - low cost - simple.

24. What are some strength additives?
25%
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.
Starch.

25. What are the steps in Semi-Chemical Pulping?
655 and 98 lbs/year
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Unbleached Kraft
37%

26. Advantages of recycled pulping?
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
Kymene.

27. What percent of Paper and Board in the US is RECOVERED each year?
57%
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
Calcium carbonate.
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness

28. Advantages of Mechanical Pulping?
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
85 million metric tons
37%
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.

29. What part of wood largely goes into paper?
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
Corrugating Medium alone.
Percent ISO.

30. What is a common wet strength aid?
Kymene.
Thermomechanical pulping
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.

31. What does SGW mean?
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Stone ground wood.
Help retain fines and fillers.
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).

32. What does TMP mean?
Pressurized ground wood.
Protection.
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
Thermomechanical pulping

33. Where is black liquor produced and how is it seperated from the pulp?
To improve brightness.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Brown pulp that is unbleached.
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.

34. List the 3 types of headboxes.
57%
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.

35. What are some advantages of Chemical pulping?
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Starch.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Springwood.

36. Light rings in wood are known as what?
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Protection.
Springwood.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press

37. What does TCF stand for?
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
Totally Chlorine Free.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
China - 105 AD

38. The set up of Evaporators and how it saves steam economy.
China - 105 AD
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO

39. What happens during refining?
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
Printing and writing.

40. What are the four broad categories of pulping?
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
25%
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.

41. What does the Kappa number indicate?
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
batch and continuous.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.

42. How is brightness measured?
Percent ISO.
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
Conduction.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.

43. What is the primary goal of bleaching?
Growth.
To improve brightness.
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.

44. What does PGW mean?
Kymene.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
Pressurized ground wood.

45. What are the 3 main components of wood and what percentage of wood do they make up?
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
batch and continuous.
China - 105 AD

46. What two types of paperboard are in a typical box?
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
655 and 98 lbs/year
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.

47. What is the largest paper grade in the US by weight?
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
Printing and writing.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.

48. What do the stages in DEDED do?
33% - 55% - and 8%
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former

49. What is the function of the Cambium?
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
37%
Growth.

50. What are the advantages of Kraft pulping?
polyacrylamide.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
Growth.
High yield - low cost - simple.