Test your basic knowledge |

Paper Science Engineering Core Concepts

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What percentage of US production do P&W - Board - and Tissue compose?
655 and 98 lbs/year
33% - 55% - and 8%
Protection.
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.

2. What is the per capita paper consumption for the US and China - respectively?
655 and 98 lbs/year
Summerwood.
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.

3. What percent of Paper and Board in the US is PRODUCED from RECYCLING?
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
37%
6 to 7 times.
33% - 55% - and 8%

4. What is black liquor?
33% - 55% - and 8%
Printing and writing.
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.
75%

5. Define refining.
25%
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.

6. List the 3 types of headboxes.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Brown pulp that is unbleached.
Corrugating Medium alone.

7. The set up of Evaporators and how it saves steam economy.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

8. What are the steps to recycled pulping?
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former

9. What are the jobs of the Recovery Boiler?
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
25%
batch and continuous.
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3

10. What happens during refining?
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.

11. What is Active Alkali?
Springwood.
High yield - low cost - simple.
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

12. What are the layers of wood fiber - listed from innermost to outermost?
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
25%
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.

13. Where is black liquor produced and how is it seperated from the pulp?
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
655 and 98 lbs/year
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.

14. What is the largest paperboard grade in the US by weight?
To improve brightness.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
Unbleached Kraft
25%

15. What is the function of Heartwood and Sapwood?
Conduction.
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Environmentally Chlorine Free.

16. What is the purpose of sizing additives?
Liberation of Fibers.
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.

17. What two ways is kraft pulping performed?
37%
batch and continuous.
Starch.
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs

18. What are the 3 major grades of paper?
Percent ISO.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Kymene.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.

19. What two types of paperboard are in a typical box?
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.

20. How much Paper/Board is produced in the US a year?
655 and 98 lbs/year
Summerwood.
25%
85 million metric tons

21. List the 3 forces of wet end water removal.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
To improve brightness.
Kymene.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former

22. What is formation?
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
Percent ISO.
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press

23. What does TMP mean?
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
Thermomechanical pulping
75%
57%

24. What are some roles of the headbox?
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
High yield - low cost - simple.
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).

25. What does ECF stand for?
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.

26. Light rings in wood are known as what?
37%
Grinding and refining.
Springwood.
Liberation of Fibers.

27. How is brightness measured?
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
Percent ISO.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.

28. Advantages of recycled pulping?
25%
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Corrugating Medium alone.

29. What is freeness?
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
365 million metric tons
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
Conduction.

30. What are some advantages of Semi- chemical pulping?
High yield - low cost - simple.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Unbleached Kraft

31. What are some strength additives?
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
Starch.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.

32. What are some products of Recycled Pulping?
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
To deliver stock on to the wire.

33. List the 3 types of Wet end machines.
Conduction.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former

34. What sets Semi-Chemical pulping apart from Chemical Pulping?
Liberation of Fibers.
25%
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.

35. What is the single product of Semi- chemical pulping?
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
6 to 7 times.
Corrugating Medium alone.
Percent ISO.

36. What are some disadvantages of Chemical pulping?
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Printing and writing.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3

37. What does PGW mean?
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
Pressurized ground wood.
Starch.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.

38. What does CTMP mean?
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
37%
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

39. What is the function of the Cambium?
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Growth.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.

40. What are the four broad categories of pulping?
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.

41. What are the products of Mechanical Pulping?
33% - 55% - and 8%
25%
Grinding and refining.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.

42. Define Market Pulp.
Calcium carbonate.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Conduction.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.

43. Define Paper.
365 million metric tons
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
Thermomechanical pulping
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.

44. What is the largest paper grade in the US by weight?
Printing and writing.
batch and continuous.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.

45. What do fillers do?
25%
Percent ISO.
655 and 98 lbs/year
Improve optical and physical properties of the sheet.

46. What is the function of Bark?
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
Protection.
33% - 55% - and 8%
Printing and writing.

47. What are the steps of Mechanical Pulping?
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
Grinding and refining.
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.

48. What part of wood largely goes into paper?
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.

49. What percent of Paper and Board in the US is RECOVERED each year?
China - 105 AD
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
57%
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press

50. What is the H- factor? What does it tell us?
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.