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Paper Science Engineering Core Concepts

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does TMP mean?
57%
Thermomechanical pulping
6 to 7 times.
To deliver stock on to the wire.

2. What is brownstock?
Growth.
Brown pulp that is unbleached.
Printing and writing.
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.

3. What is the function of Heartwood and Sapwood?
China - 105 AD
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
Conduction.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic

4. List the 3 types of Wet end machines.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Thermomechanical pulping
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former

5. What are the three types of chemical pulping?
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.

6. What are the three big steps to Chemical recovery?
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
25%
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining

7. Advantages of recycled pulping?
To improve brightness.
Liberation of Fibers.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
Calcium carbonate.

8. What are some disadvantages of Semi- chemical pulping?
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
Starch.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.

9. What are some advantages of Semi- chemical pulping?
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
High yield - low cost - simple.
Kymene.

10. What is the single product of Semi- chemical pulping?
polyacrylamide.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
Corrugating Medium alone.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.

11. Disadvantages of recycled pulping?
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
Protection.
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.

12. What are some strength additives?
57%
Unbleached Kraft
Starch.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.

13. Disadvantages of Mechanical Pulping?
Percent ISO.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
polyacrylamide.

14. What are the steps in Semi-Chemical Pulping?
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
Unbleached Kraft
Conduction.

15. What are the four broad categories of pulping?
Thermomechanical pulping
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.

16. What does the Kappa number indicate?
Pressurized ground wood.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.

17. What are the 3 major grades of paper?
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
batch and continuous.
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.

18. What is the largest paper grade in the US by weight?
Corrugating Medium alone.
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
Printing and writing.

19. What are some roles of the headbox?
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs
Protection.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.

20. List the 3 types of headboxes.
Brown pulp that is unbleached.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
To improve brightness.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic

21. What are the steps of Mechanical Pulping?
Grinding and refining.
Stone ground wood.
57%
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.

22. Name the primary purpose of the headbox.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.
To deliver stock on to the wire.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
polyacrylamide.

23. What is common filler?
6 to 7 times.
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
Calcium carbonate.
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).

24. Dark rings in wood are known as what?
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
Unbleached Kraft
Summerwood.

25. What is the function of Bark?
Protection.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.

26. What part of wood largely goes into paper?
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

27. What is freeness?
25%
Starch.
Help retain fines and fillers.
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.

28. What does ECF stand for?
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
Conduction.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.

29. What is Effective Alkali?
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
Kymene.
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs

30. How is brightness measured?
Percent ISO.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
batch and continuous.
6 to 7 times.

31. List the 3 forces of wet end water removal.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
China - 105 AD
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press

32. Define Market Pulp.
High yield - low cost - simple.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).

33. What is a common wet strength aid?
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
Kymene.

34. What percent of Paper and Board in the US is RECOVERED each year?
Unbleached Kraft
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
57%

35. What percentage of the average P&W sheet is Hardwood?
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
75%
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.

36. What are the advantages of Kraft pulping?
Thermomechanical pulping
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
Calcium carbonate.

37. How many times can a fiber be recycled before it is completely destroyed typically?
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
batch and continuous.
Pressurized ground wood.
6 to 7 times.

38. What is the largest paperboard grade in the US by weight?
Stone ground wood.
High yield - low cost - simple.
Unbleached Kraft
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.

39. What are some sizing additives?
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.

40. What percent of Paper and Board in the US is PRODUCED from RECYCLING?
37%
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.

41. What are the jobs of the Recovery Boiler?
655 and 98 lbs/year
Burn strong black liquor - Convert heat to steam - Turn chemicals into smelt - Recover inorganics as Na2S and Na2CO3
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
batch and continuous.

42. Define Paper.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
57%
Collapse of ribbons in fibers - Fibrillization of outer surface - Production of fines - reduction of freeness value - Shorter - flexible - fibers are achieved - Burst and tensile strength improve - tear strength goes down

43. What are the products of Mechanical Pulping?
Unbleached Kraft
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
Printing and writing.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.

44. What is the function of the Cambium?
Growth.
Corrugating Medium alone.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.

45. What is the H- factor? What does it tell us?
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
Printing and writing.
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
The Xylem - or trachea fibers.

46. What do retention aids do?
Help retain fines and fillers.
Calcium carbonate.
37%
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.

47. Advantages of Mechanical Pulping?
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
Kymene.

48. What is the primary goal of bleaching?
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
High yield - low cost - simple.
To improve brightness.
Help retain fines and fillers.

49. When and where was paper invented?
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
China - 105 AD
batch and continuous.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.

50. Define Fluff Pulp.
Kymene.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.
Springwood.