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Paper Science Engineering Core Concepts

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does TMP mean?
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
Thermomechanical pulping
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.
Starch.

2. What percentage of US production do P&W - Board - and Tissue compose?
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
High yield - low cost - simple.
Printing and writing.
33% - 55% - and 8%

3. What does the Kappa number indicate?
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
57%
Summerwood.

4. What is the PRIMARY goal of pulping processes?
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
33% - 55% - and 8%
Liberation of Fibers.
A web of cellulose fibers deposited from water suspension to form Hydrogen bonds.

5. What is the H- factor? What does it tell us?
Conduction.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Relation of rate to time - also involving temperature. Tells how long to cook chips.

6. What is Active Alkali?
Percent ISO.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Conduction.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

7. What is freeness?
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
Summerwood.

8. What is brownstock?
25%
Na2S/(NaOH + Na2S) expressed as a percent NaO
Brown pulp that is unbleached.
simple - no pulping required other than hyrdapulper.

9. How many times can a fiber be recycled before it is completely destroyed typically?
6 to 7 times.
Growth.
75%
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.

10. What is world production per year of paper/board?
Pressurized ground wood.
Growth.
365 million metric tons
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.

11. What are the steps in Chemical pulping?
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Treat chips with chemical dosage - heat to high temperature - and wash the chips of black liquor and remaining lignin.
To improve brightness.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.

12. What are the three types of chemical pulping?
High yield - simple - wood colored pulp - easy bleach - no chemical recovery.
To improve brightness.
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).

13. What is formation?
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
ASA and AKD for Alkaline paper or Rosin and Alum for Acid Linerboard.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.

14. What are some advantages of Semi- chemical pulping?
To deliver stock on to the wire.
75%
High yield - low cost - simple.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.

15. Dark rings in wood are known as what?
33% - 55% - and 8%
Summerwood.
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
Calcium carbonate.

16. What are some disadvantages of Semi- chemical pulping?
33% - 55% - and 8%
Help retain fines and fillers.
Costly chemical recovery - only used for corrugating medium production.
Totally Chlorine Free.

17. What is the single product of Semi- chemical pulping?
Corrugating Medium alone.
655 and 98 lbs/year
Stone ground wood.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

18. What is Effective Alkali?
57%
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O

19. What are some strength additives?
Starch.
Even distribution of fibers; little flocs - blobs or clumps; no barring or streaking in either the MD or CD.
37%
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic

20. What are the advantages of Kraft pulping?
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
High quality - adaptable - and simple.
37%
Produced in digester - separated with blow tank.

21. What are the layers of wood fiber - listed from innermost to outermost?
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
37%
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.

22. What are some products of Chemical pulping?
Linerboard - Printing and writing paper - Food board - dissolving pulp.
The amount of residual lignin in pulp after cooking.
25%
Kymene.

23. What is the per capita paper consumption for the US and China - respectively?
Growth.
1) Open 2) Pressurized 3) Hydraulic
Soda (NaOH) - Sulfite (SO2) - and Kraft (NaOH + Na2S).
655 and 98 lbs/year

24. What is a common wet strength aid?
Kymene.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.

25. What does ECF stand for?
Environmentally Chlorine Free.
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.
85 million metric tons
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining

26. What is the primary goal of bleaching?
To improve brightness.
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
Help retain fines and fillers.
33% - 55% - and 8%

27. Light rings in wood are known as what?
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
Printing and writing.
Springwood.
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness

28. What are some advantages of Chemical pulping?
1) Fourdriner 2) Top-Wire former 3) Gap former
China - 105 AD
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.

29. What percentage of the average P&W sheet is Hardwood?
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.
Lumen - S3 Wall - S2 Wall - S1 Wall - P Wall - and middle lamela.
Kymene.
75%

30. What are the steps to recycled pulping?
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
Printing and writing.
(NaOH + half of Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.

31. What are the 3 major grades of paper?
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.
Starch.

32. What percent of World production does the US contribute to Paper/Board?
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
85 million metric tons
25%
Poor bonding - yellow coloration - high energy costs.

33. What are the steps in Semi-Chemical Pulping?
Thermomechanical pulping
Liberation of Fibers.
Protection.
Mild chemical charge with chips - disk refine.

34. How is brightness measured?
Percent ISO.
Corrugating Medium alone.
Growth.
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.

35. What does PGW mean?
Pressurized ground wood.
1) Gravity 2) Vacuum 3) Press
The measure of how freely water drains; aka the Drainage rate. Usually measured as Canadian Standard Freeness.
To deliver stock on to the wire.

36. What is the function of the Cambium?
To improve brightness.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
Growth.
Starch.

37. What are some disadvantages of Chemical pulping?
Low yield - high chemical dosage required - high capital cost - requirement of recovery system - and darkens pulp.
Corrugating Medium alone.
Stone ground wood.
High yield - low cost - simple.

38. What two types of paperboard are in a typical box?
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
Conduction.
25%
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.

39. What are some products of Recycled Pulping?
To enable paper to RESIST liquid penetration.
37%
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.

40. What are the four broad categories of pulping?
85 million metric tons
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Stone ground wood.
Chemical - Semi- chemical - Mechanical - and Recycled.

41. What do the stages in DEDED do?
D1: attack lignin E1: solubilize attacked lignin D2: break up lignin - start brightening E2: dissolve more lignin D3: attack chromophores - achieve final brightness
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
75%
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.

42. Define Market Pulp.
25%
Cellulose (50%) - Hemicellulose (25%) - and Lignin (25%).
Costly - weak product - mechanical damage to fibers - hornification.
Paper pulp sold on the open market for repulping.

43. Define refining.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Protection.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
Mechanical action to improve paper characteristics - such as strength.

44. What are the steps of Mechanical Pulping?
Grinding and refining.
High yield - low cost - simple.
Creates a strong - high quality - sheet that sells for a high price.
Stone ground wood.

45. What sets Semi-Chemical pulping apart from Chemical Pulping?
The goal is to remove some lignin between the cell walls - but maintain stiffness.
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
Printing and Writing - Board - and Tissue.
To deliver stock on to the wire.

46. What is the function of Bark?
Liberation of Fibers.
Hydrapulping - remove debris - maintain fibers.
Even stock spread - Level out cross currents and consistency variations level out MD velocity gradients - even flow - disperse flocs
Protection.

47. Define Fluff Pulp.
Corrugating medium - newsprint - some printing and writing grades.
Pulp sold to manufacturers of absorbent products - such as diapers.
25%
Starch.

48. What is black liquor?
Chemi- thermo- mechanical pulping.
Linerboard and Corrugating medium.
Grinding and refining.
Water - dissolved cellulose - hemicellulose - and lignin - and chemicals.

49. What are the three big steps to Chemical recovery?
1) Evaptoration of Black Liquor 2) Incineration 3) Causticizing and Calcining
Brown pulp that is unbleached.
High yield - low cost - simple.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.

50. The set up of Evaporators and how it saves steam economy.
Newsprint - some Printing and writing - and coated publications.
(NaOH + Na2S)/OD fiber expressed as Na2O
Steam is saved by exposing the strongest - thickest - black liquor to the hottest steam first - in order to evaporate the most water efficiently.
Kymene.