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PCAT Biology Digestion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A large - muscular organ located in the upper abdomen - stores and partially digests food






2. Refers to the enzymatic breakdown of macromolecules into smaller molecules and begins in the mouth when the salivary glands secrete saliva






3. Synthesized and stored in the S cells of the upper intestine -stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate-containing substances from the pancreas and inhibits gastric emptying and gastric acid production






4. Accomplished by enzymatic hydrolysis -nutrients pass through the semipermeable plasma membrane of the gut cells to be further metabolized or transported






5. Converted to pepsin and synthesized by chief cells






6. Where mechanical and chemical digestion of food begins






7. Decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressure is not always associated with the development of GERD; however - the majority of patients






8. Uses intracellular and extracellular digestion






9. Enzymes are secreted - hydrolyzing complex nutrients into simpler molecules - which are then absorbed






10. Stimulates the parietal cells to produce a substance (HCl) that denatures proteins and activates digestive enzymes






11. Line the gastrovascular cavity secrete enzymes into the cavity






12. Secreted from the intestinal mucosa for fat digestion






13. 1.5m long -functions in the absorption of salts and the absorption of any water not already absorbed by the small intestine






14. Produced and stored in the I cells of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa






15. Provides for transient storage of feces before elimination through the anus






16. An acidic - semifluid mixture of partially digested food produced from the churning of the stomach






17. Produced by the pancreas to digest carbohydrates






18. The breakdown of large food particles into smaller particles through mastication






19. Pseudopods surround and engulf food and enclose it in food vacuoles






20. Restin pressures of the lower esophageal sphincter normally range from 15-35mmHg above gastric baseline pressure






21. Bring food to the mouth (ingestion) and release the particles intoa cup-like sac






22. Lubricates food to facilitate swallowing and provides a solvent for food particles =secreted in response toa nervous reflex triggered by the presence of food in the oral cavity






23. Food is moved down the esophagus by this rhythmic waves of involuntary muscular contraction






24. Enzymes are secreted to digest the fly and absorb the soluble end products






25. Secreted from intestinal mucosa for digestion of maltose - lactose - sucrose






26. Degradation of large molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used directly by cells






27. When nutrients are required for plants - the storage polymers are broken down to simpler molecules by enzyme hydrolysis






28. Secreted by the stomach that is a protein-hydrloyzing enzyme - and hydrochloric acd - which kills bacteria - dissolves the intercellular 'glue' holding food tissues together - and activates certain proteins






29. Produces enzymes such as amylase - trypsin - lipase






30. Enzyme in saliva which hydrolyzes starch to maltose






31. Place to store food






32. Fuse with the food vacuole and release their digestive enzymes that act upon the nutrients






33. Occurs within the cell - usually in membrane-bound vesicles






34. Emulsifies fats - breaking down large globules into small droplets (contains no enzymes)






35. Produced by the pancreas for fat digestion






36. A typical saprophyte that lives on dead organic material - that secrete enzymes into the external environment (on bread)






37. Lacking lactase enzyme






38. Secretes two substances: intrinsic factor and hydrchloric acid






39. Refers to a digestive process that occurs outside of the cell - within a lumen or tract






40. To grind the food






41. Improve food digestion






42. Completes chemical digestion -divided into three section: duodenum - jejunum - and the ileum -highly adapted to absorption






43. Unable to synthesize their own nutrients






44. Contains a typholosole to provide increased surface area for digestiona nd absorption






45. Secreted from intestinal mucos for digestion of lactose






46. Large particles of food into small particles begins by cutting and grinding in the mouth and churning in the digestive tract






47. Produces bile in the gall bladder before release into the small intestine






48. (Insects) have a digestive system similar to that of the earthworm






49. Have one way digestive tract with both a mouth and an anus






50. Patients usually have a decreased lower esophageal reflux pressure - leading to an increased passage of stomach contents into the esophagus