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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Respiration
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Diaphragm contracts and flattens - and the external intercostal muscles contract - pushing the rib cage and chest wall up and out
Inhalation
Respiration
Cytochromes
Aerobic conditions
2. Every cell is in contact with the external environment (water) - and respiratory gases can be exchanged between the cell and the environment by simple diffusion through the cell membrane
Respiration in Arthropod Phylum
Proteins
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
Respiration in Protozoa and Hydra
3. The exchange of gas exchange between the blood and the cells and the intracellular processes of respiration
Internal Respiration
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
Alcohol Fermentation
Dehydrogenation
4. Reductions occur in a series of these steps
Electron Transport Chain
Aerobic conditions
Proteins
Dehydrogenation
5. Air enters the lungs after traveling througha series of respiratory airways -gas exchange between the lungs and the circulatory system occurs across the very thin walls of the alveol -primary function is to provide the necessary energy for growth - m
Aerobic conditions
Fuel
Respiration in Humans
Medulla Oblongata
6. Aerobic process; oxygen acts as the final acceptor of electrons that are passed from carrier to carrier during the final stage of glucose oxidation -can be divided into three stages: pyruvate decarboxylation - the citric acid cycle - and the electron
Electron Transport Chain
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Aerobic conditions
Cellular Respiration
7. The entrance of air into the lungs and the gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood
Respiration in Protozoa and Hydra
External Respiration
Glycolysis vs. cell respiration
Fuel
8. Refers to all of the reactions involved in this process (i.e. - glycolysis and the additional steps leading to the formation of ethanol or lactic acid) and only produces only two ATP per glucose molecule
Respiration in Annelids
Fermentation
Pyruvate
Alveol
9. In living cells - carbohydrates and fats
Fuel
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
Anaerobic Conditions
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
10. Organ whose rhythmic discharges stimulate the intercostal muscles or the diaphragm to contract
Oxidative Deamination
Respiration in Humans
Medulla Oblongata
Alternative Energy Sources
11. Occurs only in yeast and some bacteria -the pyruvate produced in glycolysis is converted to ethanol -NAD+ is regenerated and glycolysis can continue
Alcohol Fermentation
Fats
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
Alternative Energy Sources
12. Complex carrier mechanism located on the inside of the inner mitochondrial membrane -During oxidative phosphorylation - ATP is produced when high-energy potential electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen by a series of carrier molecule
Alveol
Electron Transport Chain
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Pyruvate Decarboxylation
13. Pyruvate is further oxidized during cell respiration in the mitochondria in the presence of oxygen
Alveol
Aerobic conditions
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Fuel
14. Disaccharides are hydrolyzed into monosaccharides - most of which can be converted into glucose or glycolytic intermediates
Respiration
Carbohydrates
Fermentation
Oxidative Phosphorylation
15. The conversion of the chemical energy in these bonds into the usable energy needed to drive the processes of living cells
Respiration
Fats
Aerobic conditions
Pyruvate
16. These sources are used by the body in the following preferential order: other carbohydrates - fats - and proteins
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
Ventilation
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Alternative Energy Sources
17. First stage of glucose catabolism that is a series of reactions that lead to the oxidative breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate - the production of ATP - and the reduction of NAD+ into NADH and occurs in cytoplasm
Glycolysis
Internal Respiration
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Carbohydrates
18. When amino acids lose an amino group to form an a-keto acid
Cytochromes
Ammonia
Anaerobic Conditions
Transamination Reaction
19. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; NAD+ is reduced to NAD
Internal Respiration
Exhalation
Ventilation
Pyruvate Decarboxylation
20. Degraded only wen not enough carbohydrate or fat is available
Proteins
Inhalation
Exhalation
Photosynthesis
21. Degradation of one glucose molecules yields a net of two ATP from glycolysis and one ATP for each turn of the Krebs cycle. thus - a total of four ATP are produced by substrate level phosphorylation
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
Glycolysis
Alveol
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
22. Mucus secreted by cells on the external surface of the earthworm's body provides a moist surface for gaseous exchange by diffusion
Oxidative Deamination
Respiration in Annelids
Proteins
Photosynthesis
23. Glycolysis yields 2 ATP/glucose -cell respiration yields 36-38 ATP
Cellular Respiration
Respiration in Annelids
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Glycolysis vs. cell respiration
24. Isomerized into PGAL (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) so that it can be used in subsequent reactions
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
Fermentation
Medulla Oblongata
Pyruvate
25. The process that produces more than 90% of the ATP used by the cells in our body
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Respiration in Humans
Alveol
Ventilation
26. Air filled sacs at the terminals of the airway branches
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Fuel
Alveol
Respiration in Protozoa and Hydra
27. Stored in adipose tissue in the form of triglyceride -must be activated in the cytoplasm; this process requires two ATP -transported into the mitochondrion and taken through a series of beta-oxidation cycles that convert it into two- carbon fragments
Fats
Electron Transport Chain
Alcohol Fermentation
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
28. ATP synthesis is directly coupled with the degradation of glucose without the participation of an intermediate molecule such as NAD+
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Medulla Oblongata
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
Lactic Acid Fermentation
29. Electron carriers that resemble hemoglobin in the structure of their active site
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Cytochromes
Fats
Dehydrogenation
30. Generally a passive process where the lungs and chest wall are highly elastic and tend to recoil to their original positions after inhalation
Exhalation
Internal Respiration
Carbohydrates
Anaerobic Conditions
31. Cycle begins when the two carbon acetyl group from acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate - a four-carbon molecule - to form the six carbon citrate -For each turn - one ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation via a GTP intermediate (e- are
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
Electron Transport Chain
Alternative Energy Sources
Pyruvate Decarboxylation
32. Trachaea open to the surface in openings called spiracles which permits the intake - distribution - and removal of respiratory gases directly between the air and the body cells by diffusion
Alcohol Fermentation
Respiration in Arthropod Phylum
Cellular Respiration
Dehydrogenation
33. The ionized form of pyruvic acid
Pyruvate
Alveol
Carbohydrates
Alcohol Fermentation
34. Oxidation reaction that - during respiration - high-energy hydrogen atoms are removed from organic molecules
Respiration in Humans
Dehydrogenation
Respiration
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
35. Removes an ammonia molecule directly from the amino acid
Oxidative Deamination
Cellular Respiration
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Ammonia
36. Regulated by neurons located in the medulla oblongata
Cellular Respiration
Pyruvate
Ventilation
Medulla Oblongata
37. Pyruvate is reduced during the process of fermentation in the absence of oxygen
Oxidative Deamination
Alcohol Fermentation
Anaerobic Conditions
Medulla Oblongata
38. Toxic substance in vertebrates
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Ammonia
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
Ventilation
39. Occurs in certain fungi and bacteria and in human muscle cells during strenuous activity -glycolysis is regenerated when pyruvte is reduced
Respiration
Glycolysis
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Electron Transport Chain
40. Converts the energy of the sun into the chemical energy of bonds in comopunds such as glucose
Alternative Energy Sources
Fermentation
Respiration
Photosynthesis