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PCAT Biology Respiration

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. First stage of glucose catabolism that is a series of reactions that lead to the oxidative breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate - the production of ATP - and the reduction of NAD+ into NADH and occurs in cytoplasm






2. The conversion of the chemical energy in these bonds into the usable energy needed to drive the processes of living cells






3. Removes an ammonia molecule directly from the amino acid






4. Organ whose rhythmic discharges stimulate the intercostal muscles or the diaphragm to contract






5. In living cells - carbohydrates and fats






6. Toxic substance in vertebrates






7. Electron carriers that resemble hemoglobin in the structure of their active site






8. Occurs only in yeast and some bacteria -the pyruvate produced in glycolysis is converted to ethanol -NAD+ is regenerated and glycolysis can continue






9. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; NAD+ is reduced to NAD






10. Diaphragm contracts and flattens - and the external intercostal muscles contract - pushing the rib cage and chest wall up and out






11. Stored in adipose tissue in the form of triglyceride -must be activated in the cytoplasm; this process requires two ATP -transported into the mitochondrion and taken through a series of beta-oxidation cycles that convert it into two- carbon fragments






12. Air filled sacs at the terminals of the airway branches






13. Pyruvate is further oxidized during cell respiration in the mitochondria in the presence of oxygen






14. Cycle begins when the two carbon acetyl group from acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate - a four-carbon molecule - to form the six carbon citrate -For each turn - one ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation via a GTP intermediate (e- are






15. Reductions occur in a series of these steps






16. The entrance of air into the lungs and the gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood






17. Isomerized into PGAL (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) so that it can be used in subsequent reactions






18. Air enters the lungs after traveling througha series of respiratory airways -gas exchange between the lungs and the circulatory system occurs across the very thin walls of the alveol -primary function is to provide the necessary energy for growth - m






19. Generally a passive process where the lungs and chest wall are highly elastic and tend to recoil to their original positions after inhalation






20. Regulated by neurons located in the medulla oblongata






21. The process that produces more than 90% of the ATP used by the cells in our body






22. Disaccharides are hydrolyzed into monosaccharides - most of which can be converted into glucose or glycolytic intermediates






23. ATP synthesis is directly coupled with the degradation of glucose without the participation of an intermediate molecule such as NAD+






24. Pyruvate is reduced during the process of fermentation in the absence of oxygen






25. Degradation of one glucose molecules yields a net of two ATP from glycolysis and one ATP for each turn of the Krebs cycle. thus - a total of four ATP are produced by substrate level phosphorylation






26. Trachaea open to the surface in openings called spiracles which permits the intake - distribution - and removal of respiratory gases directly between the air and the body cells by diffusion






27. Occurs in certain fungi and bacteria and in human muscle cells during strenuous activity -glycolysis is regenerated when pyruvte is reduced






28. Aerobic process; oxygen acts as the final acceptor of electrons that are passed from carrier to carrier during the final stage of glucose oxidation -can be divided into three stages: pyruvate decarboxylation - the citric acid cycle - and the electron






29. Every cell is in contact with the external environment (water) - and respiratory gases can be exchanged between the cell and the environment by simple diffusion through the cell membrane






30. Glycolysis yields 2 ATP/glucose -cell respiration yields 36-38 ATP






31. When amino acids lose an amino group to form an a-keto acid






32. The exchange of gas exchange between the blood and the cells and the intracellular processes of respiration






33. These sources are used by the body in the following preferential order: other carbohydrates - fats - and proteins






34. Refers to all of the reactions involved in this process (i.e. - glycolysis and the additional steps leading to the formation of ethanol or lactic acid) and only produces only two ATP per glucose molecule






35. Complex carrier mechanism located on the inside of the inner mitochondrial membrane -During oxidative phosphorylation - ATP is produced when high-energy potential electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen by a series of carrier molecule






36. The ionized form of pyruvic acid






37. Converts the energy of the sun into the chemical energy of bonds in comopunds such as glucose






38. Oxidation reaction that - during respiration - high-energy hydrogen atoms are removed from organic molecules






39. Degraded only wen not enough carbohydrate or fat is available






40. Mucus secreted by cells on the external surface of the earthworm's body provides a moist surface for gaseous exchange by diffusion