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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Respiration
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 40 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. First stage of glucose catabolism that is a series of reactions that lead to the oxidative breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate - the production of ATP - and the reduction of NAD+ into NADH and occurs in cytoplasm
Glycolysis
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Cellular Respiration
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
2. The process that produces more than 90% of the ATP used by the cells in our body
Glycolysis
Electron Transport Chain
Carbohydrates
Oxidative Phosphorylation
3. When amino acids lose an amino group to form an a-keto acid
Fats
Ammonia
Medulla Oblongata
Transamination Reaction
4. Disaccharides are hydrolyzed into monosaccharides - most of which can be converted into glucose or glycolytic intermediates
Pyruvate
Respiration in Arthropod Phylum
Carbohydrates
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
5. Converts the energy of the sun into the chemical energy of bonds in comopunds such as glucose
Photosynthesis
Ventilation
Respiration in Arthropod Phylum
Electron Transport Chain
6. The conversion of the chemical energy in these bonds into the usable energy needed to drive the processes of living cells
Ventilation
Respiration
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Exhalation
7. Degraded only wen not enough carbohydrate or fat is available
Proteins
Cytochromes
Respiration in Annelids
Ammonia
8. Regulated by neurons located in the medulla oblongata
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Ammonia
Ventilation
Glycolysis
9. Air enters the lungs after traveling througha series of respiratory airways -gas exchange between the lungs and the circulatory system occurs across the very thin walls of the alveol -primary function is to provide the necessary energy for growth - m
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Proteins
Respiration in Humans
External Respiration
10. The exchange of gas exchange between the blood and the cells and the intracellular processes of respiration
Ventilation
Alveol
Internal Respiration
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
11. ATP synthesis is directly coupled with the degradation of glucose without the participation of an intermediate molecule such as NAD+
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Respiration in Annelids
Fermentation
Medulla Oblongata
12. Occurs in certain fungi and bacteria and in human muscle cells during strenuous activity -glycolysis is regenerated when pyruvte is reduced
Alveol
Oxidative Deamination
Proteins
Lactic Acid Fermentation
13. The ionized form of pyruvic acid
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
Alternative Energy Sources
Fats
Pyruvate
14. Electron carriers that resemble hemoglobin in the structure of their active site
Alcohol Fermentation
Alternative Energy Sources
Cytochromes
Glycolysis vs. cell respiration
15. Degradation of one glucose molecules yields a net of two ATP from glycolysis and one ATP for each turn of the Krebs cycle. thus - a total of four ATP are produced by substrate level phosphorylation
Alternative Energy Sources
Electron Transport Chain
Cytochromes
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
16. Refers to all of the reactions involved in this process (i.e. - glycolysis and the additional steps leading to the formation of ethanol or lactic acid) and only produces only two ATP per glucose molecule
Alveol
Medulla Oblongata
Fermentation
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
17. Aerobic process; oxygen acts as the final acceptor of electrons that are passed from carrier to carrier during the final stage of glucose oxidation -can be divided into three stages: pyruvate decarboxylation - the citric acid cycle - and the electron
Cellular Respiration
Oxidative Deamination
Anaerobic Conditions
Fermentation
18. Reductions occur in a series of these steps
Alternative Energy Sources
Photosynthesis
Electron Transport Chain
Carbohydrates
19. Occurs only in yeast and some bacteria -the pyruvate produced in glycolysis is converted to ethanol -NAD+ is regenerated and glycolysis can continue
Ventilation
Cytochromes
Alcohol Fermentation
Fats
20. Toxic substance in vertebrates
Fuel
Respiration
Oxidative Deamination
Ammonia
21. Oxidation reaction that - during respiration - high-energy hydrogen atoms are removed from organic molecules
Exhalation
Dehydrogenation
Alveol
Lactic Acid Fermentation
22. Air filled sacs at the terminals of the airway branches
External Respiration
Alveol
Electron Transport Chain
Oxidative Phosphorylation
23. Generally a passive process where the lungs and chest wall are highly elastic and tend to recoil to their original positions after inhalation
Electron Transport Chain
Carbohydrates
Exhalation
Cytochromes
24. Cycle begins when the two carbon acetyl group from acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate - a four-carbon molecule - to form the six carbon citrate -For each turn - one ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation via a GTP intermediate (e- are
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
Fats
Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
25. The entrance of air into the lungs and the gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood
Anaerobic Conditions
External Respiration
Photosynthesis
Fats
26. Diaphragm contracts and flattens - and the external intercostal muscles contract - pushing the rib cage and chest wall up and out
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
Internal Respiration
Ammonia
Inhalation
27. Pyruvate is reduced during the process of fermentation in the absence of oxygen
Exhalation
Respiration in Humans
Respiration in Annelids
Anaerobic Conditions
28. In living cells - carbohydrates and fats
Inhalation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Fuel
Dehydrogenation
29. Trachaea open to the surface in openings called spiracles which permits the intake - distribution - and removal of respiratory gases directly between the air and the body cells by diffusion
Glycolysis vs. cell respiration
Dehydrogenation
Respiration in Arthropod Phylum
Internal Respiration
30. Organ whose rhythmic discharges stimulate the intercostal muscles or the diaphragm to contract
Alveol
Respiration in Annelids
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
Medulla Oblongata
31. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; NAD+ is reduced to NAD
Aerobic conditions
Electron Transport Chain
Pyruvate Decarboxylation
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
32. These sources are used by the body in the following preferential order: other carbohydrates - fats - and proteins
Alternative Energy Sources
Exhalation
Fats
Cytochromes
33. Stored in adipose tissue in the form of triglyceride -must be activated in the cytoplasm; this process requires two ATP -transported into the mitochondrion and taken through a series of beta-oxidation cycles that convert it into two- carbon fragments
Pyruvate
Inhalation
Proteins
Fats
34. Glycolysis yields 2 ATP/glucose -cell respiration yields 36-38 ATP
Aerobic conditions
Alcohol Fermentation
Respiration in Arthropod Phylum
Glycolysis vs. cell respiration
35. Isomerized into PGAL (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) so that it can be used in subsequent reactions
Aerobic conditions
Medulla Oblongata
Inhalation
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
36. Complex carrier mechanism located on the inside of the inner mitochondrial membrane -During oxidative phosphorylation - ATP is produced when high-energy potential electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen by a series of carrier molecule
Electron Transport Chain
External Respiration
Photosynthesis
Internal Respiration
37. Mucus secreted by cells on the external surface of the earthworm's body provides a moist surface for gaseous exchange by diffusion
Cytochromes
Photosynthesis
Respiration in Humans
Respiration in Annelids
38. Every cell is in contact with the external environment (water) - and respiratory gases can be exchanged between the cell and the environment by simple diffusion through the cell membrane
Respiration in Protozoa and Hydra
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Respiration in Humans
Oxidative Deamination
39. Pyruvate is further oxidized during cell respiration in the mitochondria in the presence of oxygen
Respiration
Inhalation
Aerobic conditions
Electron Transport Chain
40. Removes an ammonia molecule directly from the amino acid
Dehydrogenation
Alternative Energy Sources
Proteins
Oxidative Deamination