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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Located between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart - prevent backflow of blood into the atria






2. A small mass of specialized tissue located in the wall of the right atrium regulates/originates an ordinary cardiac contraction -spreads impulses through both atria - stimulating them to contract simultaneously






3. Specialized of the root epidermis with thin-walled projections increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals from the soil






4. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons






5. Fetal red blood cells (which will have the Rh factor) enter maternal circulation during birth which cause the anti-Rh antibodies she produced when sensitized by the first birth may cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells






6. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






7. Fluid left after blood clotting






8. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






9. Blood is confined to blood vessel






10. Inappropriate response to certain foods and pollen that cause the body to form antibodies and release histamine






11. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






12. The period during which the ventricles contract






13. Converts fibrinogen (another plasma protein) into fibrin






14. Involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity






15. (earthworm) uses a closed circulatory system to deliver materials to cells that are not in direct contact with the external environment






16. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






17. Branch into arterioles






18. Thin walled cells on the outside of the vascular bundle that transport nutrients down the stem -are living and include sieve tube cells and companion cells






19. Actively dividing - undifferentiated cells of a plant






20. Run up and down the stem at the center and contains xylem - phloem - and cambium cells






21. Supply plant cells with nutrients and remove waste products






22. Universal recipient as it has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies






23. As water evaporates from the leaves of plants - a vacuum is created pulls water up the stem






24. Carries impuls of AV node which branches into the right and left bundle branches - and through the Purkinje fibers in the walls of ventircles - generating a strong contraction






25. Have three cusps and are located between the left ventricle and the aorta and between the right ventricle and the pumonary artery (the pulmonic valve)






26. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






27. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






28. Outer layer of xylem that is alive






29. Functions to absorb materials through the root hairs and anchor the plant -provide storage for energy reserves






30. Thick-walled - muscular - elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart






31. Have open circulatory systems in which blood (interstitial fluid) is in direct contact with the body tissues -blood is circulated primarily by body movements






32. Produced by cells under viral attack and diffuse to other cells - where they help prevent the spread of the virus






33. Initiated by the body in response to physical damage and often accompanied by fever






34. Two lower chambers of the heart -extremely muscular






35. Involves cells that combat fungal and viral infection






36. Exchange of gases - nutrients - and cellular waste products occurs via diffusion across this






37. Cell-surface proteins that are macromolecules that are foreign to the host organism and trigger an immune response ex: ABO group and the Rh factor






38. Cells that are thick walled - often hollow cells located on the inside of the vascular bundle that carry water and minerals up the plant - and their thick walls give the plant its rigid support






39. Any liquid in a thin tube will rise becaUse of the surface tension of the liquid and interactions between the liquid and the tube






40. Cell fragments that lack nuclei and are involved in clot formation -involved in injury repair






41. Responsible for generating the force that propels systematic circulation and pumps against a higher resistance






42. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






43. Another antigen that may be present on the surface of red blood cells






44. Responsible for both of these immune mechanisms






45. Blood transports nutrients and O2 to tissue and wastes and CO2 from tissue -transport of gases - transport of nutrients and wste - and clotting






46. Conducts impulse slowly - allowing enough time for atrial contraction and for the ventricles to fill with blood






47. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






48. Two upper chambers of the heart -thin walled






49. Exerts hormonal control via epinepherine (adrenaline) secretion - which causes an increase in heart rate






50. Phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens