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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Excess interstitial fluid






2. Leukocytes that migrate from the blood to tissue - where they mature into stationary cells






3. Run up and down the stem at the center and contains xylem - phloem - and cambium cells






4. As water evaporates from the leaves of plants - a vacuum is created pulls water up the stem






5. Blood is confined to blood vessel






6. Branch into arterioles






7. Prevent extensive blood loss while the damaged vessel heals itself






8. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






9. Composed of muscular - four-chambered heart - a network of blood vessels - and the blood itself






10. Released by injured cells - which causes blood vessels to dilate - thereby increasing blood flow to the damaged region






11. Lying between the phloem and xylem - is a type of meristem called lateral meristem that provides for lateral growth of the stem by adding to the phloem or xylem






12. Leukocytes that phagocytize foreign matter and organisms such as bacteria






13. The period during which the ventricles contract






14. Include arteries - veins - and capilleries






15. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers






16. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






17. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






18. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






19. Have open circulatory systems in which blood (interstitial fluid) is in direct contact with the body tissues -blood is circulated primarily by body movements






20. Coat the damaged area and trap blood cells to form a clot






21. Modifies the rate of heart contraction






22. Pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation (toward the lungs)






23. Innervates the heart via the vagus nerve and causes a decrease in the heart rate






24. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






25. A small mass of specialized tissue located in the wall of the right atrium regulates/originates an ordinary cardiac contraction -spreads impulses through both atria - stimulating them to contract simultaneously






26. Branches into a series of arteries






27. Thin walled cells on the outside of the vascular bundle that transport nutrients down the stem -are living and include sieve tube cells and companion cells






28. Functions as the main heart by coordinated contractions in annelids






29. Valve on the left side of the heart that has two cusps






30. Exchange of gases - nutrients - and cellular waste products occurs via diffusion across this






31. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






32. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






33. The production of antibodies during an immune response -can be conferred by vaccination






34. Have three cusps and are located between the left ventricle and the aorta and between the right ventricle and the pumonary artery (the pulmonic valve)






35. Responsible for generating the force that propels systematic circulation and pumps against a higher resistance






36. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






37. Another antigen that may be present on the surface of red blood cells






38. Specialized of the root epidermis with thin-walled projections increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals from the soil






39. Primary organ of transport in the plant






40. Converts fibrinogen (another plasma protein) into fibrin






41. Phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






42. Functions to absorb materials through the root hairs and anchor the plant -provide storage for energy reserves






43. Responsible for both of these immune mechanisms






44. Valve on the right side of the heart has three cusps






45. In annelids - five pairs of vessels that connect the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel and function as additional pumps






46. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






47. Relatively thinly walled - inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood toward the heart






48. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






49. Swellins along lyph vessels containing phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






50. Branch into microscopic capillaries







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