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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Modifies the rate of heart contraction






2. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






3. Two lower chambers of the heart -extremely muscular






4. Blood is confined to blood vessel






5. Branches into a series of arteries






6. Innervates the heart via the vagus nerve and causes a decrease in the heart rate






7. Leukocytes that phagocytize foreign matter and organisms such as bacteria






8. Converts fibrinogen (another plasma protein) into fibrin






9. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






10. Where blood flows through in arthropods






11. Branch into microscopic capillaries






12. In annelids - five pairs of vessels that connect the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel and function as additional pumps






13. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






14. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






15. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles






16. Produced by cells under viral attack and diffuse to other cells - where they help prevent the spread of the virus






17. Leukocytes that migrate from the blood to tissue - where they mature into stationary cells






18. Include arteries - veins - and capilleries






19. Located between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart - prevent backflow of blood into the atria






20. Located at the tips of roots and stems where division leads to increase in length






21. Exchange of gases - nutrients - and cellular waste products occurs via diffusion across this






22. Tissue involved in storage of nutrients and plant support






23. Involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity






24. Severe anemia for the fetus caused by Rh+ fetus






25. Secondary circulatory system distinct from the cardiovascular circulation - =vessels transport lymph to the cardiovascular system - thereby keeping fluid levels in the body constant






26. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers






27. Fetal red blood cells (which will have the Rh factor) enter maternal circulation during birth which cause the anti-Rh antibodies she produced when sensitized by the first birth may cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells






28. Systole and diastole - which together make a heartbeat






29. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






30. Composed of muscular - four-chambered heart - a network of blood vessels - and the blood itself






31. Universal recipient as it has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies






32. Valve on the left side of the heart that has two cusps






33. Involves cells that combat fungal and viral infection






34. Fraction of the blood containing a wide variety of antibodies - that can be used to confer temporary protection against hepatitis and other diseases by passive immunity






35. Carries impuls of AV node which branches into the right and left bundle branches - and through the Purkinje fibers in the walls of ventircles - generating a strong contraction






36. Innervates the heart via the cervical and upper thoracic ganglia and causes an increase in the ehart rate






37. Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs






38. When platelets come into contact with the exposed collagen of a damaged vessel - they release a chemical chemical that causes neighboring platelets to adherer to one another






39. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






40. The production of antibodies during an immune response -can be conferred by vaccination






41. Primary organ of transport in the plant






42. An individual is injected witha weakened - inactive - or related form of a particular antigen - which stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies against it






43. Heterotrophic cells that generally consume other cells or food particles -movement of gases and nutrients is a ccomplished by simple diffusion within the cell






44. Responsible for the proliferationof antibodies after exposure to antigens






45. Supply plant cells with nutrients and remove waste products






46. Coat the damaged area and trap blood cells to form a clot






47. Functions to absorb materials through the root hairs and anchor the plant -provide storage for energy reserves






48. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






49. Exerts hormonal control via epinepherine (adrenaline) secretion - which causes an increase in heart rate






50. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons