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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Run up and down the stem at the center and contains xylem - phloem - and cambium cells






2. Involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity






3. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






4. Exchange of gases - nutrients - and cellular waste products occurs via diffusion across this






5. Actively dividing - undifferentiated cells of a plant






6. Where exchange occurs in arthropods






7. Cell fragments that lack nuclei and are involved in clot formation -involved in injury repair






8. Leukocytes that migrate from the blood to tissue - where they mature into stationary cells






9. Modifies the rate of heart contraction






10. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






11. Involves cells that combat fungal and viral infection






12. Another antigen that may be present on the surface of red blood cells






13. Cells that are thick walled - often hollow cells located on the inside of the vascular bundle that carry water and minerals up the plant - and their thick walls give the plant its rigid support






14. Blood is confined to blood vessel






15. Released by injured cells - which causes blood vessels to dilate - thereby increasing blood flow to the damaged region






16. Heterotrophic cells that generally consume other cells or food particles -movement of gases and nutrients is a ccomplished by simple diffusion within the cell






17. Relatively thinly walled - inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood toward the heart






18. Fluid left after blood clotting






19. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons






20. Have body walls that are two cells thick -all cels are direct contact with either the internal or external environments so there is no need for a specialized circulatory system






21. When hemoglobin bind to oxygen






22. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles






23. Functions as the main heart by coordinated contractions in annelids






24. Used to lower the immune response to transplants and decrease the likelihood of rejection






25. Innervates the heart via the cervical and upper thoracic ganglia and causes an increase in the ehart rate






26. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






27. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers






28. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






29. Composed of muscular - four-chambered heart - a network of blood vessels - and the blood itself






30. Carries impuls of AV node which branches into the right and left bundle branches - and through the Purkinje fibers in the walls of ventircles - generating a strong contraction






31. Severe anemia for the fetus caused by Rh+ fetus






32. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






33. Functions to absorb materials through the root hairs and anchor the plant -provide storage for energy reserves






34. Serve protective functions -aka WBC






35. A small mass of specialized tissue located in the wall of the right atrium regulates/originates an ordinary cardiac contraction -spreads impulses through both atria - stimulating them to contract simultaneously






36. Initiated by the body in response to physical damage and often accompanied by fever






37. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






38. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






39. Leukocytes that phagocytize foreign matter and organisms such as bacteria






40. Have open circulatory systems in which blood (interstitial fluid) is in direct contact with the body tissues -blood is circulated primarily by body movements






41. Located between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart - prevent backflow of blood into the atria






42. Phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






43. Blood transports nutrients and O2 to tissue and wastes and CO2 from tissue -transport of gases - transport of nutrients and wste - and clotting






44. Thick-walled - muscular - elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart






45. Physical barier against bacterial invasion






46. Two lower chambers of the heart -extremely muscular






47. Lined in passages - which filter and trap foreign particles






48. The driving force of the circulatory system






49. Produced by cells under viral attack and diffuse to other cells - where they help prevent the spread of the virus






50. Where blood flows through in arthropods