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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In annelids - five pairs of vessels that connect the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel and function as additional pumps






2. Systole and diastole - which together make a heartbeat






3. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles






4. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






5. The production of antibodies during an immune response -can be conferred by vaccination






6. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






7. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






8. Converts fibrinogen (another plasma protein) into fibrin






9. Thin walled cells on the outside of the vascular bundle that transport nutrients down the stem -are living and include sieve tube cells and companion cells






10. Inappropriate response to certain foods and pollen that cause the body to form antibodies and release histamine






11. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






12. A small mass of specialized tissue located in the wall of the right atrium regulates/originates an ordinary cardiac contraction -spreads impulses through both atria - stimulating them to contract simultaneously






13. The period during which the ventricles contract






14. Secondary circulatory system distinct from the cardiovascular circulation - =vessels transport lymph to the cardiovascular system - thereby keeping fluid levels in the body constant






15. Specialized of the root epidermis with thin-walled projections increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals from the soil






16. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






17. Released by injured cells - which causes blood vessels to dilate - thereby increasing blood flow to the damaged region






18. Initiated by the body in response to physical damage and often accompanied by fever






19. Modifies the rate of heart contraction






20. Exchange of gases - nutrients - and cellular waste products occurs via diffusion across this






21. Have open circulatory systems in which blood (interstitial fluid) is in direct contact with the body tissues -blood is circulated primarily by body movements






22. Valve on the left side of the heart that has two cusps






23. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






24. Lying between the phloem and xylem - is a type of meristem called lateral meristem that provides for lateral growth of the stem by adding to the phloem or xylem






25. Tissue involved in storage of nutrients and plant support






26. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






27. Run up and down the stem at the center and contains xylem - phloem - and cambium cells






28. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






29. Attracted to the injury site phagocytize antigenic material






30. Fluid left after blood clotting






31. Include arteries - veins - and capilleries






32. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






33. Universal recipient as it has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies






34. Relatively thinly walled - inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood toward the heart






35. Have three cusps and are located between the left ventricle and the aorta and between the right ventricle and the pumonary artery (the pulmonic valve)






36. Leukocytes involved in immune response and the production of antibodies (B cells) or cytolysis of infected cells (T cells)






37. Innervates the heart via the cervical and upper thoracic ganglia and causes an increase in the ehart rate






38. Severe anemia for the fetus caused by Rh+ fetus






39. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons






40. (earthworm) uses a closed circulatory system to deliver materials to cells that are not in direct contact with the external environment






41. Excess interstitial fluid






42. Used to lower the immune response to transplants and decrease the likelihood of rejection






43. Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs






44. Another antigen that may be present on the surface of red blood cells






45. Phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






46. Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart






47. Pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (throughout the body)






48. Responsible for both of these immune mechanisms






49. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






50. Where blood flows through in arthropods