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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Epidermis (outer-bark) - cortex - phloem - cambium - xylem - and pith






2. Responsible for the proliferationof antibodies after exposure to antigens






3. Where exchange occurs in arthropods






4. Physical barier against bacterial invasion






5. Responsible for generating the force that propels systematic circulation and pumps against a higher resistance






6. Branch into microscopic capillaries






7. Innervates the heart via the vagus nerve and causes a decrease in the heart rate






8. Used to lower the immune response to transplants and decrease the likelihood of rejection






9. Inappropriate response to certain foods and pollen that cause the body to form antibodies and release histamine






10. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






11. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






12. Swellins along lyph vessels containing phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






13. Specialized of the root epidermis with thin-walled projections increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals from the soil






14. When hemoglobin bind to oxygen






15. Pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (throughout the body)






16. Run up and down the stem at the center and contains xylem - phloem - and cambium cells






17. Cell fragments that lack nuclei and are involved in clot formation -involved in injury repair






18. Valve on the right side of the heart has three cusps






19. Secrete sweat - which contains an enzyme that attacks bacterial cell walls






20. Have open circulatory systems in which blood (interstitial fluid) is in direct contact with the body tissues -blood is circulated primarily by body movements






21. Include arteries - veins - and capilleries






22. As water evaporates from the leaves of plants - a vacuum is created pulls water up the stem






23. Valve on the left side of the heart that has two cusps






24. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






25. A small mass of specialized tissue located in the wall of the right atrium regulates/originates an ordinary cardiac contraction -spreads impulses through both atria - stimulating them to contract simultaneously






26. Converts fibrinogen (another plasma protein) into fibrin






27. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles






28. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






29. When platelets come into contact with the exposed collagen of a damaged vessel - they release a chemical chemical that causes neighboring platelets to adherer to one another






30. An individual is injected witha weakened - inactive - or related form of a particular antigen - which stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies against it






31. Innervates the heart via the cervical and upper thoracic ganglia and causes an increase in the ehart rate






32. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons






33. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






34. Initiated by the body in response to physical damage and often accompanied by fever






35. Involves the transfer of antibodies produced by another individual or organism -acquired either passively or by injection






36. Fluid left after blood clotting






37. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






38. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






39. The production of antibodies during an immune response -can be conferred by vaccination






40. Exerts hormonal control via epinepherine (adrenaline) secretion - which causes an increase in heart rate






41. Prevent extensive blood loss while the damaged vessel heals itself






42. Branches into a series of arteries






43. Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs






44. Systole and diastole - which together make a heartbeat






45. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers






46. Where blood flows through in arthropods






47. Lying between the phloem and xylem - is a type of meristem called lateral meristem that provides for lateral growth of the stem by adding to the phloem or xylem






48. Responsible for both of these immune mechanisms






49. Phloem - cambium - and xylem layers






50. Functions to absorb materials through the root hairs and anchor the plant -provide storage for energy reserves