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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Leukocytes that phagocytize foreign matter and organisms such as bacteria






2. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






3. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






4. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






5. Fraction of the blood containing a wide variety of antibodies - that can be used to confer temporary protection against hepatitis and other diseases by passive immunity






6. Secondary circulatory system distinct from the cardiovascular circulation - =vessels transport lymph to the cardiovascular system - thereby keeping fluid levels in the body constant






7. Secrete sweat - which contains an enzyme that attacks bacterial cell walls






8. Valve on the left side of the heart that has two cusps






9. The production of antibodies during an immune response -can be conferred by vaccination






10. Epidermis (outer-bark) - cortex - phloem - cambium - xylem - and pith






11. Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart






12. Two lower chambers of the heart -extremely muscular






13. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






14. Heterotrophic cells that generally consume other cells or food particles -movement of gases and nutrients is a ccomplished by simple diffusion within the cell






15. Coat the damaged area and trap blood cells to form a clot






16. Have three cusps and are located between the left ventricle and the aorta and between the right ventricle and the pumonary artery (the pulmonic valve)






17. Thick-walled - muscular - elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart






18. Modifies the rate of heart contraction






19. Exchange of gases - nutrients - and cellular waste products occurs via diffusion across this






20. Lined in passages - which filter and trap foreign particles






21. Two upper chambers of the heart -thin walled






22. Excess interstitial fluid






23. Where blood flows through in arthropods






24. Blood transports nutrients and O2 to tissue and wastes and CO2 from tissue -transport of gases - transport of nutrients and wste - and clotting






25. Where exchange occurs in arthropods






26. Specialized of the root epidermis with thin-walled projections increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals from the soil






27. Branch into microscopic capillaries






28. Involves cells that combat fungal and viral infection






29. Innervates the heart via the vagus nerve and causes a decrease in the heart rate






30. Inappropriate response to certain foods and pollen that cause the body to form antibodies and release histamine






31. A small mass of specialized tissue located in the wall of the right atrium regulates/originates an ordinary cardiac contraction -spreads impulses through both atria - stimulating them to contract simultaneously






32. Run up and down the stem at the center and contains xylem - phloem - and cambium cells






33. Located at the tips of roots and stems where division leads to increase in length






34. Involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity






35. Physical barier against bacterial invasion






36. As water evaporates from the leaves of plants - a vacuum is created pulls water up the stem






37. Universal recipient as it has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies






38. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






39. Initiated by the body in response to physical damage and often accompanied by fever






40. Functions as the main heart by coordinated contractions in annelids






41. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers






42. Any liquid in a thin tube will rise becaUse of the surface tension of the liquid and interactions between the liquid and the tube






43. Branch into arterioles






44. Involves the transfer of antibodies produced by another individual or organism -acquired either passively or by injection






45. Converts fibrinogen (another plasma protein) into fibrin






46. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






47. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






48. Lying between the phloem and xylem - is a type of meristem called lateral meristem that provides for lateral growth of the stem by adding to the phloem or xylem






49. Blood is confined to blood vessel






50. Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs







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