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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Produced by cells under viral attack and diffuse to other cells - where they help prevent the spread of the virus






2. Primary organ of transport in the plant






3. Responsible for both of these immune mechanisms






4. Leukocytes involved in immune response and the production of antibodies (B cells) or cytolysis of infected cells (T cells)






5. Thin walled cells on the outside of the vascular bundle that transport nutrients down the stem -are living and include sieve tube cells and companion cells






6. Responsible for generating the force that propels systematic circulation and pumps against a higher resistance






7. Secondary circulatory system distinct from the cardiovascular circulation - =vessels transport lymph to the cardiovascular system - thereby keeping fluid levels in the body constant






8. Valve on the left side of the heart that has two cusps






9. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles






10. Carries impuls of AV node which branches into the right and left bundle branches - and through the Purkinje fibers in the walls of ventircles - generating a strong contraction






11. In annelids - five pairs of vessels that connect the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel and function as additional pumps






12. Epidermis (outer-bark) - cortex - phloem - cambium - xylem - and pith






13. Pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (throughout the body)






14. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






15. Located between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart - prevent backflow of blood into the atria






16. When hemoglobin bind to oxygen






17. A small mass of specialized tissue located in the wall of the right atrium regulates/originates an ordinary cardiac contraction -spreads impulses through both atria - stimulating them to contract simultaneously






18. Branch into microscopic capillaries






19. The production of antibodies during an immune response -can be conferred by vaccination






20. Any liquid in a thin tube will rise becaUse of the surface tension of the liquid and interactions between the liquid and the tube






21. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






22. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






23. Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart






24. Thick-walled - muscular - elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart






25. The driving force of the circulatory system






26. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






27. Lying between the phloem and xylem - is a type of meristem called lateral meristem that provides for lateral growth of the stem by adding to the phloem or xylem






28. Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs






29. Physical barier against bacterial invasion






30. Released by injured cells - which causes blood vessels to dilate - thereby increasing blood flow to the damaged region






31. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons






32. Blood is confined to blood vessel






33. Converts fibrinogen (another plasma protein) into fibrin






34. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






35. Located at the tips of roots and stems where division leads to increase in length






36. Another antigen that may be present on the surface of red blood cells






37. Actively dividing - undifferentiated cells of a plant






38. Inappropriate response to certain foods and pollen that cause the body to form antibodies and release histamine






39. Have three cusps and are located between the left ventricle and the aorta and between the right ventricle and the pumonary artery (the pulmonic valve)






40. Fluid left after blood clotting






41. Systole and diastole - which together make a heartbeat






42. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






43. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






44. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






45. Conducts impulse slowly - allowing enough time for atrial contraction and for the ventricles to fill with blood






46. As water evaporates from the leaves of plants - a vacuum is created pulls water up the stem






47. Cells that are thick walled - often hollow cells located on the inside of the vascular bundle that carry water and minerals up the plant - and their thick walls give the plant its rigid support






48. Excess interstitial fluid






49. Two lower chambers of the heart -extremely muscular






50. Where blood flows through in arthropods







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