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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Located between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart - prevent backflow of blood into the atria






2. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






3. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






4. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






5. Actively dividing - undifferentiated cells of a plant






6. Released by injured cells - which causes blood vessels to dilate - thereby increasing blood flow to the damaged region






7. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






8. Run up and down the stem at the center and contains xylem - phloem - and cambium cells






9. Secondary circulatory system distinct from the cardiovascular circulation - =vessels transport lymph to the cardiovascular system - thereby keeping fluid levels in the body constant






10. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons






11. Serve protective functions -aka WBC






12. Composed of muscular - four-chambered heart - a network of blood vessels - and the blood itself






13. Have three cusps and are located between the left ventricle and the aorta and between the right ventricle and the pumonary artery (the pulmonic valve)






14. Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs






15. Blood transports nutrients and O2 to tissue and wastes and CO2 from tissue -transport of gases - transport of nutrients and wste - and clotting






16. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






17. Two lower chambers of the heart -extremely muscular






18. Responsible for the proliferationof antibodies after exposure to antigens






19. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






20. Involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity






21. Initiated by the body in response to physical damage and often accompanied by fever






22. Phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






23. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






24. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






25. Have open circulatory systems in which blood (interstitial fluid) is in direct contact with the body tissues -blood is circulated primarily by body movements






26. Leukocytes that migrate from the blood to tissue - where they mature into stationary cells






27. Responsible for both of these immune mechanisms






28. Heterotrophic cells that generally consume other cells or food particles -movement of gases and nutrients is a ccomplished by simple diffusion within the cell






29. Branches into a series of arteries






30. Outer layer of xylem that is alive






31. Pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (throughout the body)






32. Valve on the left side of the heart that has two cusps






33. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






34. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers






35. Inappropriate response to certain foods and pollen that cause the body to form antibodies and release histamine






36. Blood is confined to blood vessel






37. Involves cells that combat fungal and viral infection






38. Phloem - cambium - and xylem layers






39. Have body walls that are two cells thick -all cels are direct contact with either the internal or external environments so there is no need for a specialized circulatory system






40. An individual is injected witha weakened - inactive - or related form of a particular antigen - which stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies against it






41. Leukocytes involved in immune response and the production of antibodies (B cells) or cytolysis of infected cells (T cells)






42. Valve on the right side of the heart has three cusps






43. Coat the damaged area and trap blood cells to form a clot






44. Conducts impulse slowly - allowing enough time for atrial contraction and for the ventricles to fill with blood






45. The production of antibodies during an immune response -can be conferred by vaccination






46. Responsible for generating the force that propels systematic circulation and pumps against a higher resistance






47. Modifies the rate of heart contraction






48. The period during which the ventricles contract






49. Exerts hormonal control via epinepherine (adrenaline) secretion - which causes an increase in heart rate






50. Another antigen that may be present on the surface of red blood cells