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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (earthworm) uses a closed circulatory system to deliver materials to cells that are not in direct contact with the external environment






2. Have body walls that are two cells thick -all cels are direct contact with either the internal or external environments so there is no need for a specialized circulatory system






3. An individual is injected witha weakened - inactive - or related form of a particular antigen - which stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies against it






4. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






5. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






6. Pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (throughout the body)






7. Systole and diastole - which together make a heartbeat






8. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






9. Actively dividing - undifferentiated cells of a plant






10. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles






11. Initiated by the body in response to physical damage and often accompanied by fever






12. Two upper chambers of the heart -thin walled






13. Involves cells that combat fungal and viral infection






14. Located at the tips of roots and stems where division leads to increase in length






15. Epidermis (outer-bark) - cortex - phloem - cambium - xylem - and pith






16. Attracted to the injury site phagocytize antigenic material






17. The driving force of the circulatory system






18. Cell-surface proteins that are macromolecules that are foreign to the host organism and trigger an immune response ex: ABO group and the Rh factor






19. Cells that are thick walled - often hollow cells located on the inside of the vascular bundle that carry water and minerals up the plant - and their thick walls give the plant its rigid support






20. Branch into microscopic capillaries






21. Lined in passages - which filter and trap foreign particles






22. Converts fibrinogen (another plasma protein) into fibrin






23. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






24. Fraction of the blood containing a wide variety of antibodies - that can be used to confer temporary protection against hepatitis and other diseases by passive immunity






25. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






26. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons






27. As water evaporates from the leaves of plants - a vacuum is created pulls water up the stem






28. Lying between the phloem and xylem - is a type of meristem called lateral meristem that provides for lateral growth of the stem by adding to the phloem or xylem






29. Cell fragments that lack nuclei and are involved in clot formation -involved in injury repair






30. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






31. Released by injured cells - which causes blood vessels to dilate - thereby increasing blood flow to the damaged region






32. Thick-walled - muscular - elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart






33. Exchange of gases - nutrients - and cellular waste products occurs via diffusion across this






34. Valve on the left side of the heart that has two cusps






35. Leukocytes that phagocytize foreign matter and organisms such as bacteria






36. Thin walled cells on the outside of the vascular bundle that transport nutrients down the stem -are living and include sieve tube cells and companion cells






37. Involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity






38. Located between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart - prevent backflow of blood into the atria






39. Functions as the main heart by coordinated contractions in annelids






40. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






41. Two lower chambers of the heart -extremely muscular






42. Secrete sweat - which contains an enzyme that attacks bacterial cell walls






43. The period during which the ventricles contract






44. Phloem - cambium - and xylem layers






45. Primary organ of transport in the plant






46. Phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






47. Involves the transfer of antibodies produced by another individual or organism -acquired either passively or by injection






48. Universal recipient as it has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies






49. Leukocytes involved in immune response and the production of antibodies (B cells) or cytolysis of infected cells (T cells)






50. Fluid left after blood clotting







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