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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Modifies the rate of heart contraction






2. Heterotrophic cells that generally consume other cells or food particles -movement of gases and nutrients is a ccomplished by simple diffusion within the cell






3. Conducts impulse slowly - allowing enough time for atrial contraction and for the ventricles to fill with blood






4. Lying between the phloem and xylem - is a type of meristem called lateral meristem that provides for lateral growth of the stem by adding to the phloem or xylem






5. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles






6. Phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






7. As water evaporates from the leaves of plants - a vacuum is created pulls water up the stem






8. Coat the damaged area and trap blood cells to form a clot






9. Valve on the right side of the heart has three cusps






10. Leukocytes involved in immune response and the production of antibodies (B cells) or cytolysis of infected cells (T cells)






11. Specialized of the root epidermis with thin-walled projections increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals from the soil






12. Have body walls that are two cells thick -all cels are direct contact with either the internal or external environments so there is no need for a specialized circulatory system






13. Involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity






14. Epidermis (outer-bark) - cortex - phloem - cambium - xylem - and pith






15. Branches into a series of arteries






16. Secrete sweat - which contains an enzyme that attacks bacterial cell walls






17. Innervates the heart via the vagus nerve and causes a decrease in the heart rate






18. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






19. Secondary circulatory system distinct from the cardiovascular circulation - =vessels transport lymph to the cardiovascular system - thereby keeping fluid levels in the body constant






20. Composed of muscular - four-chambered heart - a network of blood vessels - and the blood itself






21. Located between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart - prevent backflow of blood into the atria






22. Responsible for the proliferationof antibodies after exposure to antigens






23. Excess interstitial fluid






24. The production of antibodies during an immune response -can be conferred by vaccination






25. Branch into arterioles






26. Involves cells that combat fungal and viral infection






27. Tissue involved in storage of nutrients and plant support






28. Actively dividing - undifferentiated cells of a plant






29. Cell-surface proteins that are macromolecules that are foreign to the host organism and trigger an immune response ex: ABO group and the Rh factor






30. Involves the transfer of antibodies produced by another individual or organism -acquired either passively or by injection






31. Two lower chambers of the heart -extremely muscular






32. When hemoglobin bind to oxygen






33. Prevent extensive blood loss while the damaged vessel heals itself






34. Attracted to the injury site phagocytize antigenic material






35. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






36. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






37. Fraction of the blood containing a wide variety of antibodies - that can be used to confer temporary protection against hepatitis and other diseases by passive immunity






38. Fluid left after blood clotting






39. Initiated by the body in response to physical damage and often accompanied by fever






40. Located at the tips of roots and stems where division leads to increase in length






41. Another antigen that may be present on the surface of red blood cells






42. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






43. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






44. An individual is injected witha weakened - inactive - or related form of a particular antigen - which stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies against it






45. Pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation (toward the lungs)






46. Leukocytes that migrate from the blood to tissue - where they mature into stationary cells






47. Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart






48. Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs






49. Blood transports nutrients and O2 to tissue and wastes and CO2 from tissue -transport of gases - transport of nutrients and wste - and clotting






50. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers