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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Responsible for the proliferationof antibodies after exposure to antigens






2. Lined in passages - which filter and trap foreign particles






3. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers






4. Prevent extensive blood loss while the damaged vessel heals itself






5. Where blood flows through in arthropods






6. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






7. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






8. Actively dividing - undifferentiated cells of a plant






9. Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs






10. Have three cusps and are located between the left ventricle and the aorta and between the right ventricle and the pumonary artery (the pulmonic valve)






11. Released by injured cells - which causes blood vessels to dilate - thereby increasing blood flow to the damaged region






12. Outer layer of xylem that is alive






13. Two lower chambers of the heart -extremely muscular






14. Modifies the rate of heart contraction






15. Fluid left after blood clotting






16. Blood transports nutrients and O2 to tissue and wastes and CO2 from tissue -transport of gases - transport of nutrients and wste - and clotting






17. Branch into arterioles






18. Specialized of the root epidermis with thin-walled projections increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals from the soil






19. Secondary circulatory system distinct from the cardiovascular circulation - =vessels transport lymph to the cardiovascular system - thereby keeping fluid levels in the body constant






20. The driving force of the circulatory system






21. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






22. Have body walls that are two cells thick -all cels are direct contact with either the internal or external environments so there is no need for a specialized circulatory system






23. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






24. Relatively thinly walled - inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood toward the heart






25. Involves cells that combat fungal and viral infection






26. Excess interstitial fluid






27. Pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (throughout the body)






28. (earthworm) uses a closed circulatory system to deliver materials to cells that are not in direct contact with the external environment






29. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






30. Fraction of the blood containing a wide variety of antibodies - that can be used to confer temporary protection against hepatitis and other diseases by passive immunity






31. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






32. Leukocytes involved in immune response and the production of antibodies (B cells) or cytolysis of infected cells (T cells)






33. Inappropriate response to certain foods and pollen that cause the body to form antibodies and release histamine






34. Epidermis (outer-bark) - cortex - phloem - cambium - xylem - and pith






35. Run up and down the stem at the center and contains xylem - phloem - and cambium cells






36. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






37. Two upper chambers of the heart -thin walled






38. Located at the tips of roots and stems where division leads to increase in length






39. Leukocytes that phagocytize foreign matter and organisms such as bacteria






40. Functions as the main heart by coordinated contractions in annelids






41. Cell fragments that lack nuclei and are involved in clot formation -involved in injury repair






42. Carries impuls of AV node which branches into the right and left bundle branches - and through the Purkinje fibers in the walls of ventircles - generating a strong contraction






43. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






44. Exchange of gases - nutrients - and cellular waste products occurs via diffusion across this






45. Innervates the heart via the vagus nerve and causes a decrease in the heart rate






46. Converts fibrinogen (another plasma protein) into fibrin






47. Fetal red blood cells (which will have the Rh factor) enter maternal circulation during birth which cause the anti-Rh antibodies she produced when sensitized by the first birth may cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells






48. Phloem - cambium - and xylem layers






49. Where exchange occurs in arthropods






50. Tissue involved in storage of nutrients and plant support