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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The period during which the ventricles contract






2. Severe anemia for the fetus caused by Rh+ fetus






3. Thick-walled - muscular - elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart






4. Produced by cells under viral attack and diffuse to other cells - where they help prevent the spread of the virus






5. Responsible for both of these immune mechanisms






6. Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart






7. Cell-surface proteins that are macromolecules that are foreign to the host organism and trigger an immune response ex: ABO group and the Rh factor






8. Conducts impulse slowly - allowing enough time for atrial contraction and for the ventricles to fill with blood






9. Released by injured cells - which causes blood vessels to dilate - thereby increasing blood flow to the damaged region






10. Swellins along lyph vessels containing phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






11. Phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






12. Functions as the main heart by coordinated contractions in annelids






13. Specialized of the root epidermis with thin-walled projections increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals from the soil






14. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






15. Converts fibrinogen (another plasma protein) into fibrin






16. Excess interstitial fluid






17. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






18. Exerts hormonal control via epinepherine (adrenaline) secretion - which causes an increase in heart rate






19. Secondary circulatory system distinct from the cardiovascular circulation - =vessels transport lymph to the cardiovascular system - thereby keeping fluid levels in the body constant






20. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






21. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles






22. When hemoglobin bind to oxygen






23. Fetal red blood cells (which will have the Rh factor) enter maternal circulation during birth which cause the anti-Rh antibodies she produced when sensitized by the first birth may cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells






24. Have body walls that are two cells thick -all cels are direct contact with either the internal or external environments so there is no need for a specialized circulatory system






25. Secrete sweat - which contains an enzyme that attacks bacterial cell walls






26. Composed of muscular - four-chambered heart - a network of blood vessels - and the blood itself






27. Cell fragments that lack nuclei and are involved in clot formation -involved in injury repair






28. Supply plant cells with nutrients and remove waste products






29. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






30. In annelids - five pairs of vessels that connect the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel and function as additional pumps






31. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






32. Pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (throughout the body)






33. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






34. Located between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart - prevent backflow of blood into the atria






35. Initiated by the body in response to physical damage and often accompanied by fever






36. Carries impuls of AV node which branches into the right and left bundle branches - and through the Purkinje fibers in the walls of ventircles - generating a strong contraction






37. Epidermis (outer-bark) - cortex - phloem - cambium - xylem - and pith






38. Cells that are thick walled - often hollow cells located on the inside of the vascular bundle that carry water and minerals up the plant - and their thick walls give the plant its rigid support






39. Two upper chambers of the heart -thin walled






40. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






41. Responsible for generating the force that propels systematic circulation and pumps against a higher resistance






42. Branch into arterioles






43. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






44. Involves the transfer of antibodies produced by another individual or organism -acquired either passively or by injection






45. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






46. Pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation (toward the lungs)






47. Leukocytes that phagocytize foreign matter and organisms such as bacteria






48. Branches into a series of arteries






49. As water evaporates from the leaves of plants - a vacuum is created pulls water up the stem






50. Used to lower the immune response to transplants and decrease the likelihood of rejection