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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs






2. Supply plant cells with nutrients and remove waste products






3. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






4. Initiated by the body in response to physical damage and often accompanied by fever






5. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






6. Actively dividing - undifferentiated cells of a plant






7. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles






8. Excess interstitial fluid






9. Functions to absorb materials through the root hairs and anchor the plant -provide storage for energy reserves






10. Systole and diastole - which together make a heartbeat






11. Branch into arterioles






12. An individual is injected witha weakened - inactive - or related form of a particular antigen - which stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies against it






13. Released by injured cells - which causes blood vessels to dilate - thereby increasing blood flow to the damaged region






14. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






15. Blood transports nutrients and O2 to tissue and wastes and CO2 from tissue -transport of gases - transport of nutrients and wste - and clotting






16. Relatively thinly walled - inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood toward the heart






17. Phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






18. Innervates the heart via the vagus nerve and causes a decrease in the heart rate






19. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






20. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






21. Innervates the heart via the cervical and upper thoracic ganglia and causes an increase in the ehart rate






22. The production of antibodies during an immune response -can be conferred by vaccination






23. As water evaporates from the leaves of plants - a vacuum is created pulls water up the stem






24. Primary organ of transport in the plant






25. Severe anemia for the fetus caused by Rh+ fetus






26. Branches into a series of arteries






27. Run up and down the stem at the center and contains xylem - phloem - and cambium cells






28. Converts fibrinogen (another plasma protein) into fibrin






29. Responsible for generating the force that propels systematic circulation and pumps against a higher resistance






30. Swellins along lyph vessels containing phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






31. Leukocytes involved in immune response and the production of antibodies (B cells) or cytolysis of infected cells (T cells)






32. Physical barier against bacterial invasion






33. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






34. Prevent extensive blood loss while the damaged vessel heals itself






35. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






36. Pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation (toward the lungs)






37. Lying between the phloem and xylem - is a type of meristem called lateral meristem that provides for lateral growth of the stem by adding to the phloem or xylem






38. Serve protective functions -aka WBC






39. Blood is confined to blood vessel






40. Pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (throughout the body)






41. Cell fragments that lack nuclei and are involved in clot formation -involved in injury repair






42. Secondary circulatory system distinct from the cardiovascular circulation - =vessels transport lymph to the cardiovascular system - thereby keeping fluid levels in the body constant






43. Cell-surface proteins that are macromolecules that are foreign to the host organism and trigger an immune response ex: ABO group and the Rh factor






44. Involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity






45. Outer layer of xylem that is alive






46. Lined in passages - which filter and trap foreign particles






47. When platelets come into contact with the exposed collagen of a damaged vessel - they release a chemical chemical that causes neighboring platelets to adherer to one another






48. The driving force of the circulatory system






49. In annelids - five pairs of vessels that connect the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel and function as additional pumps






50. Produced by cells under viral attack and diffuse to other cells - where they help prevent the spread of the virus







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