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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where exchange occurs in arthropods






2. Functions to absorb materials through the root hairs and anchor the plant -provide storage for energy reserves






3. Carries impuls of AV node which branches into the right and left bundle branches - and through the Purkinje fibers in the walls of ventircles - generating a strong contraction






4. Physical barier against bacterial invasion






5. Have three cusps and are located between the left ventricle and the aorta and between the right ventricle and the pumonary artery (the pulmonic valve)






6. Blood is confined to blood vessel






7. Pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation (toward the lungs)






8. An individual is injected witha weakened - inactive - or related form of a particular antigen - which stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies against it






9. Cell-surface proteins that are macromolecules that are foreign to the host organism and trigger an immune response ex: ABO group and the Rh factor






10. Branches into a series of arteries






11. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






12. In annelids - five pairs of vessels that connect the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel and function as additional pumps






13. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






14. Phloem - cambium - and xylem layers






15. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






16. Include arteries - veins - and capilleries






17. Initiated by the body in response to physical damage and often accompanied by fever






18. Secrete sweat - which contains an enzyme that attacks bacterial cell walls






19. Relatively thinly walled - inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood toward the heart






20. Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs






21. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






22. Fetal red blood cells (which will have the Rh factor) enter maternal circulation during birth which cause the anti-Rh antibodies she produced when sensitized by the first birth may cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells






23. Fluid left after blood clotting






24. Involves cells that combat fungal and viral infection






25. Severe anemia for the fetus caused by Rh+ fetus






26. Epidermis (outer-bark) - cortex - phloem - cambium - xylem - and pith






27. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






28. Universal recipient as it has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies






29. Exerts hormonal control via epinepherine (adrenaline) secretion - which causes an increase in heart rate






30. Released by injured cells - which causes blood vessels to dilate - thereby increasing blood flow to the damaged region






31. The period during which the ventricles contract






32. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






33. Two upper chambers of the heart -thin walled






34. Composed of muscular - four-chambered heart - a network of blood vessels - and the blood itself






35. Actively dividing - undifferentiated cells of a plant






36. Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart






37. A small mass of specialized tissue located in the wall of the right atrium regulates/originates an ordinary cardiac contraction -spreads impulses through both atria - stimulating them to contract simultaneously






38. Two lower chambers of the heart -extremely muscular






39. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers






40. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons






41. Outer layer of xylem that is alive






42. Used to lower the immune response to transplants and decrease the likelihood of rejection






43. Swellins along lyph vessels containing phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






44. Excess interstitial fluid






45. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






46. Located between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart - prevent backflow of blood into the atria






47. Leukocytes involved in immune response and the production of antibodies (B cells) or cytolysis of infected cells (T cells)






48. Valve on the right side of the heart has three cusps






49. Involves the transfer of antibodies produced by another individual or organism -acquired either passively or by injection






50. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin







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