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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






2. Pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation (toward the lungs)






3. Excess interstitial fluid






4. Where exchange occurs in arthropods






5. Blood is confined to blood vessel






6. The period during which the ventricles contract






7. Used to lower the immune response to transplants and decrease the likelihood of rejection






8. Fetal red blood cells (which will have the Rh factor) enter maternal circulation during birth which cause the anti-Rh antibodies she produced when sensitized by the first birth may cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells






9. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






10. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles






11. Innervates the heart via the cervical and upper thoracic ganglia and causes an increase in the ehart rate






12. Cell fragments that lack nuclei and are involved in clot formation -involved in injury repair






13. Two lower chambers of the heart -extremely muscular






14. Initiated by the body in response to physical damage and often accompanied by fever






15. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






16. Leukocytes that migrate from the blood to tissue - where they mature into stationary cells






17. Fraction of the blood containing a wide variety of antibodies - that can be used to confer temporary protection against hepatitis and other diseases by passive immunity






18. Two upper chambers of the heart -thin walled






19. A small mass of specialized tissue located in the wall of the right atrium regulates/originates an ordinary cardiac contraction -spreads impulses through both atria - stimulating them to contract simultaneously






20. Universal recipient as it has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies






21. Where blood flows through in arthropods






22. Tissue involved in storage of nutrients and plant support






23. Produced by cells under viral attack and diffuse to other cells - where they help prevent the spread of the virus






24. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






25. Run up and down the stem at the center and contains xylem - phloem - and cambium cells






26. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






27. Leukocytes involved in immune response and the production of antibodies (B cells) or cytolysis of infected cells (T cells)






28. Modifies the rate of heart contraction






29. Have body walls that are two cells thick -all cels are direct contact with either the internal or external environments so there is no need for a specialized circulatory system






30. In annelids - five pairs of vessels that connect the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel and function as additional pumps






31. Functions as the main heart by coordinated contractions in annelids






32. Cells that are thick walled - often hollow cells located on the inside of the vascular bundle that carry water and minerals up the plant - and their thick walls give the plant its rigid support






33. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






34. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers






35. Relatively thinly walled - inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood toward the heart






36. An individual is injected witha weakened - inactive - or related form of a particular antigen - which stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies against it






37. Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart






38. Released by injured cells - which causes blood vessels to dilate - thereby increasing blood flow to the damaged region






39. Valve on the right side of the heart has three cusps






40. Exerts hormonal control via epinepherine (adrenaline) secretion - which causes an increase in heart rate






41. Swellins along lyph vessels containing phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






42. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






43. Phloem - cambium - and xylem layers






44. Composed of muscular - four-chambered heart - a network of blood vessels - and the blood itself






45. As water evaporates from the leaves of plants - a vacuum is created pulls water up the stem






46. Branch into arterioles






47. Coat the damaged area and trap blood cells to form a clot






48. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






49. Physical barier against bacterial invasion






50. Another antigen that may be present on the surface of red blood cells