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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






2. Fetal red blood cells (which will have the Rh factor) enter maternal circulation during birth which cause the anti-Rh antibodies she produced when sensitized by the first birth may cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells






3. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






4. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






5. Innervates the heart via the cervical and upper thoracic ganglia and causes an increase in the ehart rate






6. Phloem - cambium - and xylem layers






7. When platelets come into contact with the exposed collagen of a damaged vessel - they release a chemical chemical that causes neighboring platelets to adherer to one another






8. Modifies the rate of heart contraction






9. Fraction of the blood containing a wide variety of antibodies - that can be used to confer temporary protection against hepatitis and other diseases by passive immunity






10. Prevent extensive blood loss while the damaged vessel heals itself






11. When hemoglobin bind to oxygen






12. In annelids - five pairs of vessels that connect the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel and function as additional pumps






13. Primary organ of transport in the plant






14. Composed of muscular - four-chambered heart - a network of blood vessels - and the blood itself






15. Located at the tips of roots and stems where division leads to increase in length






16. Swellins along lyph vessels containing phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






17. Secondary circulatory system distinct from the cardiovascular circulation - =vessels transport lymph to the cardiovascular system - thereby keeping fluid levels in the body constant






18. Physical barier against bacterial invasion






19. Have open circulatory systems in which blood (interstitial fluid) is in direct contact with the body tissues -blood is circulated primarily by body movements






20. Have body walls that are two cells thick -all cels are direct contact with either the internal or external environments so there is no need for a specialized circulatory system






21. Branch into arterioles






22. Relatively thinly walled - inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood toward the heart






23. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






24. Coat the damaged area and trap blood cells to form a clot






25. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






26. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






27. Include arteries - veins - and capilleries






28. Universal recipient as it has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies






29. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






30. Exerts hormonal control via epinepherine (adrenaline) secretion - which causes an increase in heart rate






31. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers






32. Two lower chambers of the heart -extremely muscular






33. Two upper chambers of the heart -thin walled






34. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






35. Conducts impulse slowly - allowing enough time for atrial contraction and for the ventricles to fill with blood






36. Branches into a series of arteries






37. Severe anemia for the fetus caused by Rh+ fetus






38. Where exchange occurs in arthropods






39. Leukocytes that migrate from the blood to tissue - where they mature into stationary cells






40. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






41. Outer layer of xylem that is alive






42. Cell-surface proteins that are macromolecules that are foreign to the host organism and trigger an immune response ex: ABO group and the Rh factor






43. Where blood flows through in arthropods






44. Epidermis (outer-bark) - cortex - phloem - cambium - xylem - and pith






45. Exchange of gases - nutrients - and cellular waste products occurs via diffusion across this






46. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons






47. Blood transports nutrients and O2 to tissue and wastes and CO2 from tissue -transport of gases - transport of nutrients and wste - and clotting






48. Produced by cells under viral attack and diffuse to other cells - where they help prevent the spread of the virus






49. Involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity






50. Involves cells that combat fungal and viral infection