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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Thin walled cells on the outside of the vascular bundle that transport nutrients down the stem -are living and include sieve tube cells and companion cells






2. Fetal red blood cells (which will have the Rh factor) enter maternal circulation during birth which cause the anti-Rh antibodies she produced when sensitized by the first birth may cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells






3. Located at the tips of roots and stems where division leads to increase in length






4. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles






5. Cells that are thick walled - often hollow cells located on the inside of the vascular bundle that carry water and minerals up the plant - and their thick walls give the plant its rigid support






6. Have body walls that are two cells thick -all cels are direct contact with either the internal or external environments so there is no need for a specialized circulatory system






7. Include arteries - veins - and capilleries






8. Where blood flows through in arthropods






9. Any liquid in a thin tube will rise becaUse of the surface tension of the liquid and interactions between the liquid and the tube






10. Fraction of the blood containing a wide variety of antibodies - that can be used to confer temporary protection against hepatitis and other diseases by passive immunity






11. When platelets come into contact with the exposed collagen of a damaged vessel - they release a chemical chemical that causes neighboring platelets to adherer to one another






12. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






13. Another antigen that may be present on the surface of red blood cells






14. Involves cells that combat fungal and viral infection






15. Branch into microscopic capillaries






16. Leukocytes that migrate from the blood to tissue - where they mature into stationary cells






17. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






18. Specialized of the root epidermis with thin-walled projections increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals from the soil






19. Exchange of gases - nutrients - and cellular waste products occurs via diffusion across this






20. Excess interstitial fluid






21. Branch into arterioles






22. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






23. Located between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart - prevent backflow of blood into the atria






24. Branches into a series of arteries






25. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






26. Heterotrophic cells that generally consume other cells or food particles -movement of gases and nutrients is a ccomplished by simple diffusion within the cell






27. Lying between the phloem and xylem - is a type of meristem called lateral meristem that provides for lateral growth of the stem by adding to the phloem or xylem






28. Functions as the main heart by coordinated contractions in annelids






29. Leukocytes involved in immune response and the production of antibodies (B cells) or cytolysis of infected cells (T cells)






30. Epidermis (outer-bark) - cortex - phloem - cambium - xylem - and pith






31. Innervates the heart via the cervical and upper thoracic ganglia and causes an increase in the ehart rate






32. Serve protective functions -aka WBC






33. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






34. Prevent extensive blood loss while the damaged vessel heals itself






35. Fluid left after blood clotting






36. Converts fibrinogen (another plasma protein) into fibrin






37. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






38. Secrete sweat - which contains an enzyme that attacks bacterial cell walls






39. Systole and diastole - which together make a heartbeat






40. Where exchange occurs in arthropods






41. The driving force of the circulatory system






42. Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart






43. Carries impuls of AV node which branches into the right and left bundle branches - and through the Purkinje fibers in the walls of ventircles - generating a strong contraction






44. Have three cusps and are located between the left ventricle and the aorta and between the right ventricle and the pumonary artery (the pulmonic valve)






45. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






46. An individual is injected witha weakened - inactive - or related form of a particular antigen - which stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies against it






47. Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs






48. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers






49. Phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






50. Involves the transfer of antibodies produced by another individual or organism -acquired either passively or by injection