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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






2. Primary organ of transport in the plant






3. Coat the damaged area and trap blood cells to form a clot






4. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






5. Run up and down the stem at the center and contains xylem - phloem - and cambium cells






6. Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs






7. Valve on the right side of the heart has three cusps






8. Fluid left after blood clotting






9. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






10. When hemoglobin bind to oxygen






11. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers






12. Functions to absorb materials through the root hairs and anchor the plant -provide storage for energy reserves






13. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






14. Fraction of the blood containing a wide variety of antibodies - that can be used to confer temporary protection against hepatitis and other diseases by passive immunity






15. The driving force of the circulatory system






16. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






17. Responsible for both of these immune mechanisms






18. Leukocytes that phagocytize foreign matter and organisms such as bacteria






19. Another antigen that may be present on the surface of red blood cells






20. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons






21. Include arteries - veins - and capilleries






22. Prevent extensive blood loss while the damaged vessel heals itself






23. Branch into microscopic capillaries






24. Actively dividing - undifferentiated cells of a plant






25. Excess interstitial fluid






26. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






27. Exerts hormonal control via epinepherine (adrenaline) secretion - which causes an increase in heart rate






28. Where exchange occurs in arthropods






29. Cells that are thick walled - often hollow cells located on the inside of the vascular bundle that carry water and minerals up the plant - and their thick walls give the plant its rigid support






30. Outer layer of xylem that is alive






31. Lined in passages - which filter and trap foreign particles






32. Have open circulatory systems in which blood (interstitial fluid) is in direct contact with the body tissues -blood is circulated primarily by body movements






33. Carries impuls of AV node which branches into the right and left bundle branches - and through the Purkinje fibers in the walls of ventircles - generating a strong contraction






34. Thick-walled - muscular - elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart






35. Relatively thinly walled - inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood toward the heart






36. Involves the transfer of antibodies produced by another individual or organism -acquired either passively or by injection






37. Any liquid in a thin tube will rise becaUse of the surface tension of the liquid and interactions between the liquid and the tube






38. Leukocytes that migrate from the blood to tissue - where they mature into stationary cells






39. Cell fragments that lack nuclei and are involved in clot formation -involved in injury repair






40. Secrete sweat - which contains an enzyme that attacks bacterial cell walls






41. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






42. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






43. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






44. A small mass of specialized tissue located in the wall of the right atrium regulates/originates an ordinary cardiac contraction -spreads impulses through both atria - stimulating them to contract simultaneously






45. Innervates the heart via the vagus nerve and causes a decrease in the heart rate






46. Exchange of gases - nutrients - and cellular waste products occurs via diffusion across this






47. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






48. Initiated by the body in response to physical damage and often accompanied by fever






49. Severe anemia for the fetus caused by Rh+ fetus






50. Located between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart - prevent backflow of blood into the atria







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