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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Composed of muscular - four-chambered heart - a network of blood vessels - and the blood itself






2. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers






3. Leukocytes that migrate from the blood to tissue - where they mature into stationary cells






4. Thick-walled - muscular - elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart






5. Conducts impulse slowly - allowing enough time for atrial contraction and for the ventricles to fill with blood






6. Branch into microscopic capillaries






7. Secondary circulatory system distinct from the cardiovascular circulation - =vessels transport lymph to the cardiovascular system - thereby keeping fluid levels in the body constant






8. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






9. Responsible for the proliferationof antibodies after exposure to antigens






10. Involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity






11. Pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (throughout the body)






12. Have open circulatory systems in which blood (interstitial fluid) is in direct contact with the body tissues -blood is circulated primarily by body movements






13. Relatively thinly walled - inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood toward the heart






14. (earthworm) uses a closed circulatory system to deliver materials to cells that are not in direct contact with the external environment






15. Fluid left after blood clotting






16. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






17. Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart






18. Innervates the heart via the cervical and upper thoracic ganglia and causes an increase in the ehart rate






19. The period during which the ventricles contract






20. Heterotrophic cells that generally consume other cells or food particles -movement of gases and nutrients is a ccomplished by simple diffusion within the cell






21. Phloem - cambium - and xylem layers






22. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






23. Valve on the left side of the heart that has two cusps






24. Severe anemia for the fetus caused by Rh+ fetus






25. Fraction of the blood containing a wide variety of antibodies - that can be used to confer temporary protection against hepatitis and other diseases by passive immunity






26. Systole and diastole - which together make a heartbeat






27. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






28. Attracted to the injury site phagocytize antigenic material






29. Universal recipient as it has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies






30. Functions to absorb materials through the root hairs and anchor the plant -provide storage for energy reserves






31. Functions as the main heart by coordinated contractions in annelids






32. Pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation (toward the lungs)






33. Used to lower the immune response to transplants and decrease the likelihood of rejection






34. Valve on the right side of the heart has three cusps






35. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






36. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






37. Prevent extensive blood loss while the damaged vessel heals itself






38. Have body walls that are two cells thick -all cels are direct contact with either the internal or external environments so there is no need for a specialized circulatory system






39. When platelets come into contact with the exposed collagen of a damaged vessel - they release a chemical chemical that causes neighboring platelets to adherer to one another






40. Swellins along lyph vessels containing phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






41. Leukocytes that phagocytize foreign matter and organisms such as bacteria






42. Involves cells that combat fungal and viral infection






43. A small mass of specialized tissue located in the wall of the right atrium regulates/originates an ordinary cardiac contraction -spreads impulses through both atria - stimulating them to contract simultaneously






44. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






45. Where exchange occurs in arthropods






46. Carries impuls of AV node which branches into the right and left bundle branches - and through the Purkinje fibers in the walls of ventircles - generating a strong contraction






47. The production of antibodies during an immune response -can be conferred by vaccination






48. Leukocytes involved in immune response and the production of antibodies (B cells) or cytolysis of infected cells (T cells)






49. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles






50. An individual is injected witha weakened - inactive - or related form of a particular antigen - which stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies against it







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