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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Universal recipient as it has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies






2. Have open circulatory systems in which blood (interstitial fluid) is in direct contact with the body tissues -blood is circulated primarily by body movements






3. Fraction of the blood containing a wide variety of antibodies - that can be used to confer temporary protection against hepatitis and other diseases by passive immunity






4. The period during which the ventricles contract






5. A small mass of specialized tissue located in the wall of the right atrium regulates/originates an ordinary cardiac contraction -spreads impulses through both atria - stimulating them to contract simultaneously






6. Conducts impulse slowly - allowing enough time for atrial contraction and for the ventricles to fill with blood






7. The driving force of the circulatory system






8. Thin walled cells on the outside of the vascular bundle that transport nutrients down the stem -are living and include sieve tube cells and companion cells






9. Systole and diastole - which together make a heartbeat






10. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles






11. Relatively thinly walled - inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood toward the heart






12. Have body walls that are two cells thick -all cels are direct contact with either the internal or external environments so there is no need for a specialized circulatory system






13. (earthworm) uses a closed circulatory system to deliver materials to cells that are not in direct contact with the external environment






14. Swellins along lyph vessels containing phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






15. Initiated by the body in response to physical damage and often accompanied by fever






16. Exerts hormonal control via epinepherine (adrenaline) secretion - which causes an increase in heart rate






17. Physical barier against bacterial invasion






18. Lying between the phloem and xylem - is a type of meristem called lateral meristem that provides for lateral growth of the stem by adding to the phloem or xylem






19. Located between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart - prevent backflow of blood into the atria






20. Tissue involved in storage of nutrients and plant support






21. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






22. Valve on the right side of the heart has three cusps






23. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






24. Actively dividing - undifferentiated cells of a plant






25. In annelids - five pairs of vessels that connect the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel and function as additional pumps






26. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






27. Branches into a series of arteries






28. Carries impuls of AV node which branches into the right and left bundle branches - and through the Purkinje fibers in the walls of ventircles - generating a strong contraction






29. Located at the tips of roots and stems where division leads to increase in length






30. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






31. Functions to absorb materials through the root hairs and anchor the plant -provide storage for energy reserves






32. Excess interstitial fluid






33. Cells that are thick walled - often hollow cells located on the inside of the vascular bundle that carry water and minerals up the plant - and their thick walls give the plant its rigid support






34. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






35. Cell-surface proteins that are macromolecules that are foreign to the host organism and trigger an immune response ex: ABO group and the Rh factor






36. Cell fragments that lack nuclei and are involved in clot formation -involved in injury repair






37. Responsible for the proliferationof antibodies after exposure to antigens






38. The production of antibodies during an immune response -can be conferred by vaccination






39. Fluid left after blood clotting






40. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






41. Secondary circulatory system distinct from the cardiovascular circulation - =vessels transport lymph to the cardiovascular system - thereby keeping fluid levels in the body constant






42. Valve on the left side of the heart that has two cusps






43. Prevent extensive blood loss while the damaged vessel heals itself






44. Branch into microscopic capillaries






45. Severe anemia for the fetus caused by Rh+ fetus






46. Have three cusps and are located between the left ventricle and the aorta and between the right ventricle and the pumonary artery (the pulmonic valve)






47. Used to lower the immune response to transplants and decrease the likelihood of rejection






48. Involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity






49. Heterotrophic cells that generally consume other cells or food particles -movement of gases and nutrients is a ccomplished by simple diffusion within the cell






50. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)