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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Modifies the rate of heart contraction






2. Secondary circulatory system distinct from the cardiovascular circulation - =vessels transport lymph to the cardiovascular system - thereby keeping fluid levels in the body constant






3. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






4. When hemoglobin bind to oxygen






5. Where blood flows through in arthropods






6. Functions as the main heart by coordinated contractions in annelids






7. An individual is injected witha weakened - inactive - or related form of a particular antigen - which stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies against it






8. Prevent extensive blood loss while the damaged vessel heals itself






9. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






10. Cells that are thick walled - often hollow cells located on the inside of the vascular bundle that carry water and minerals up the plant - and their thick walls give the plant its rigid support






11. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






12. Where exchange occurs in arthropods






13. Branches into a series of arteries






14. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles






15. Actively dividing - undifferentiated cells of a plant






16. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






17. Pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (throughout the body)






18. Supply plant cells with nutrients and remove waste products






19. Coat the damaged area and trap blood cells to form a clot






20. Pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation (toward the lungs)






21. Cell-surface proteins that are macromolecules that are foreign to the host organism and trigger an immune response ex: ABO group and the Rh factor






22. Fraction of the blood containing a wide variety of antibodies - that can be used to confer temporary protection against hepatitis and other diseases by passive immunity






23. Relatively thinly walled - inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood toward the heart






24. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






25. Carries impuls of AV node which branches into the right and left bundle branches - and through the Purkinje fibers in the walls of ventircles - generating a strong contraction






26. Two upper chambers of the heart -thin walled






27. Systole and diastole - which together make a heartbeat






28. Attracted to the injury site phagocytize antigenic material






29. (earthworm) uses a closed circulatory system to deliver materials to cells that are not in direct contact with the external environment






30. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






31. Produced by cells under viral attack and diffuse to other cells - where they help prevent the spread of the virus






32. Lying between the phloem and xylem - is a type of meristem called lateral meristem that provides for lateral growth of the stem by adding to the phloem or xylem






33. Outer layer of xylem that is alive






34. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






35. Released by injured cells - which causes blood vessels to dilate - thereby increasing blood flow to the damaged region






36. Include arteries - veins - and capilleries






37. Involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity






38. Secrete sweat - which contains an enzyme that attacks bacterial cell walls






39. Blood transports nutrients and O2 to tissue and wastes and CO2 from tissue -transport of gases - transport of nutrients and wste - and clotting






40. Initiated by the body in response to physical damage and often accompanied by fever






41. Run up and down the stem at the center and contains xylem - phloem - and cambium cells






42. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






43. Severe anemia for the fetus caused by Rh+ fetus






44. Physical barier against bacterial invasion






45. Leukocytes involved in immune response and the production of antibodies (B cells) or cytolysis of infected cells (T cells)






46. The period during which the ventricles contract






47. Lined in passages - which filter and trap foreign particles






48. Inappropriate response to certain foods and pollen that cause the body to form antibodies and release histamine






49. Exchange of gases - nutrients - and cellular waste products occurs via diffusion across this






50. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers