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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Exchange of gases - nutrients - and cellular waste products occurs via diffusion across this






2. Leukocytes that migrate from the blood to tissue - where they mature into stationary cells






3. Prevent extensive blood loss while the damaged vessel heals itself






4. Involves the transfer of antibodies produced by another individual or organism -acquired either passively or by injection






5. Fluid left after blood clotting






6. Responsible for both of these immune mechanisms






7. Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs






8. Where exchange occurs in arthropods






9. Run up and down the stem at the center and contains xylem - phloem - and cambium cells






10. Cell-surface proteins that are macromolecules that are foreign to the host organism and trigger an immune response ex: ABO group and the Rh factor






11. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






12. Innervates the heart via the cervical and upper thoracic ganglia and causes an increase in the ehart rate






13. Modifies the rate of heart contraction






14. Responsible for the proliferationof antibodies after exposure to antigens






15. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






16. Functions as the main heart by coordinated contractions in annelids






17. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






18. Have three cusps and are located between the left ventricle and the aorta and between the right ventricle and the pumonary artery (the pulmonic valve)






19. Universal recipient as it has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies






20. Secrete sweat - which contains an enzyme that attacks bacterial cell walls






21. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers






22. Cell fragments that lack nuclei and are involved in clot formation -involved in injury repair






23. Where blood flows through in arthropods






24. Thin walled cells on the outside of the vascular bundle that transport nutrients down the stem -are living and include sieve tube cells and companion cells






25. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






26. Located at the tips of roots and stems where division leads to increase in length






27. Carries impuls of AV node which branches into the right and left bundle branches - and through the Purkinje fibers in the walls of ventircles - generating a strong contraction






28. Located between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart - prevent backflow of blood into the atria






29. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






30. Leukocytes that phagocytize foreign matter and organisms such as bacteria






31. Involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity






32. Swellins along lyph vessels containing phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






33. Heterotrophic cells that generally consume other cells or food particles -movement of gases and nutrients is a ccomplished by simple diffusion within the cell






34. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






35. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






36. An individual is injected witha weakened - inactive - or related form of a particular antigen - which stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies against it






37. Lined in passages - which filter and trap foreign particles






38. Serve protective functions -aka WBC






39. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






40. Another antigen that may be present on the surface of red blood cells






41. Fraction of the blood containing a wide variety of antibodies - that can be used to confer temporary protection against hepatitis and other diseases by passive immunity






42. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons






43. Pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (throughout the body)






44. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






45. Systole and diastole - which together make a heartbeat






46. Coat the damaged area and trap blood cells to form a clot






47. In annelids - five pairs of vessels that connect the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel and function as additional pumps






48. Valve on the left side of the heart that has two cusps






49. Inappropriate response to certain foods and pollen that cause the body to form antibodies and release histamine






50. Used to lower the immune response to transplants and decrease the likelihood of rejection