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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used to lower the immune response to transplants and decrease the likelihood of rejection






2. Thin walled cells on the outside of the vascular bundle that transport nutrients down the stem -are living and include sieve tube cells and companion cells






3. Produced by cells under viral attack and diffuse to other cells - where they help prevent the spread of the virus






4. A small mass of specialized tissue located in the wall of the right atrium regulates/originates an ordinary cardiac contraction -spreads impulses through both atria - stimulating them to contract simultaneously






5. Secrete sweat - which contains an enzyme that attacks bacterial cell walls






6. When platelets come into contact with the exposed collagen of a damaged vessel - they release a chemical chemical that causes neighboring platelets to adherer to one another






7. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






8. Pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation (toward the lungs)






9. Have body walls that are two cells thick -all cels are direct contact with either the internal or external environments so there is no need for a specialized circulatory system






10. Composed of muscular - four-chambered heart - a network of blood vessels - and the blood itself






11. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






12. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






13. Involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity






14. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






15. Branch into arterioles






16. Systole and diastole - which together make a heartbeat






17. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles






18. Primary organ of transport in the plant






19. Thick-walled - muscular - elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart






20. Phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






21. As water evaporates from the leaves of plants - a vacuum is created pulls water up the stem






22. Cell fragments that lack nuclei and are involved in clot formation -involved in injury repair






23. When hemoglobin bind to oxygen






24. Universal recipient as it has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies






25. Cell-surface proteins that are macromolecules that are foreign to the host organism and trigger an immune response ex: ABO group and the Rh factor






26. Modifies the rate of heart contraction






27. Heterotrophic cells that generally consume other cells or food particles -movement of gases and nutrients is a ccomplished by simple diffusion within the cell






28. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons






29. Exchange of gases - nutrients - and cellular waste products occurs via diffusion across this






30. Innervates the heart via the vagus nerve and causes a decrease in the heart rate






31. Excess interstitial fluid






32. An individual is injected witha weakened - inactive - or related form of a particular antigen - which stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies against it






33. In annelids - five pairs of vessels that connect the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel and function as additional pumps






34. Prevent extensive blood loss while the damaged vessel heals itself






35. The production of antibodies during an immune response -can be conferred by vaccination






36. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers






37. Blood transports nutrients and O2 to tissue and wastes and CO2 from tissue -transport of gases - transport of nutrients and wste - and clotting






38. Cells that are thick walled - often hollow cells located on the inside of the vascular bundle that carry water and minerals up the plant - and their thick walls give the plant its rigid support






39. Conducts impulse slowly - allowing enough time for atrial contraction and for the ventricles to fill with blood






40. Phloem - cambium - and xylem layers






41. Epidermis (outer-bark) - cortex - phloem - cambium - xylem - and pith






42. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






43. Actively dividing - undifferentiated cells of a plant






44. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






45. Responsible for generating the force that propels systematic circulation and pumps against a higher resistance






46. Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart






47. Any liquid in a thin tube will rise becaUse of the surface tension of the liquid and interactions between the liquid and the tube






48. Involves cells that combat fungal and viral infection






49. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






50. Responsible for the proliferationof antibodies after exposure to antigens







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