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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






2. The production of antibodies during an immune response -can be conferred by vaccination






3. Modifies the rate of heart contraction






4. An individual is injected witha weakened - inactive - or related form of a particular antigen - which stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies against it






5. Blood transports nutrients and O2 to tissue and wastes and CO2 from tissue -transport of gases - transport of nutrients and wste - and clotting






6. Exerts hormonal control via epinepherine (adrenaline) secretion - which causes an increase in heart rate






7. Cells that are thick walled - often hollow cells located on the inside of the vascular bundle that carry water and minerals up the plant - and their thick walls give the plant its rigid support






8. Severe anemia for the fetus caused by Rh+ fetus






9. Thin walled cells on the outside of the vascular bundle that transport nutrients down the stem -are living and include sieve tube cells and companion cells






10. Involves the transfer of antibodies produced by another individual or organism -acquired either passively or by injection






11. Where blood flows through in arthropods






12. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles






13. When hemoglobin bind to oxygen






14. When platelets come into contact with the exposed collagen of a damaged vessel - they release a chemical chemical that causes neighboring platelets to adherer to one another






15. Located at the tips of roots and stems where division leads to increase in length






16. Branches into a series of arteries






17. Innervates the heart via the cervical and upper thoracic ganglia and causes an increase in the ehart rate






18. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






19. Released by injured cells - which causes blood vessels to dilate - thereby increasing blood flow to the damaged region






20. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






21. Secrete sweat - which contains an enzyme that attacks bacterial cell walls






22. Involves cells that combat fungal and viral infection






23. Primary organ of transport in the plant






24. Lying between the phloem and xylem - is a type of meristem called lateral meristem that provides for lateral growth of the stem by adding to the phloem or xylem






25. As water evaporates from the leaves of plants - a vacuum is created pulls water up the stem






26. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






27. Swellins along lyph vessels containing phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






28. Converts fibrinogen (another plasma protein) into fibrin






29. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






30. Innervates the heart via the vagus nerve and causes a decrease in the heart rate






31. Serve protective functions -aka WBC






32. Valve on the right side of the heart has three cusps






33. Fetal red blood cells (which will have the Rh factor) enter maternal circulation during birth which cause the anti-Rh antibodies she produced when sensitized by the first birth may cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells






34. Exchange of gases - nutrients - and cellular waste products occurs via diffusion across this






35. Fraction of the blood containing a wide variety of antibodies - that can be used to confer temporary protection against hepatitis and other diseases by passive immunity






36. Used to lower the immune response to transplants and decrease the likelihood of rejection






37. Initiated by the body in response to physical damage and often accompanied by fever






38. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons






39. Fluid left after blood clotting






40. Two lower chambers of the heart -extremely muscular






41. Involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity






42. The period during which the ventricles contract






43. In annelids - five pairs of vessels that connect the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel and function as additional pumps






44. Thick-walled - muscular - elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart






45. Another antigen that may be present on the surface of red blood cells






46. Phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






47. The driving force of the circulatory system






48. Epidermis (outer-bark) - cortex - phloem - cambium - xylem - and pith






49. (earthworm) uses a closed circulatory system to deliver materials to cells that are not in direct contact with the external environment






50. Produced by cells under viral attack and diffuse to other cells - where they help prevent the spread of the virus