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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Outer layer of xylem that is alive






2. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






3. In annelids - five pairs of vessels that connect the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel and function as additional pumps






4. Branches into a series of arteries






5. Involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity






6. Have three cusps and are located between the left ventricle and the aorta and between the right ventricle and the pumonary artery (the pulmonic valve)






7. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






8. Physical barier against bacterial invasion






9. Responsible for generating the force that propels systematic circulation and pumps against a higher resistance






10. Valve on the right side of the heart has three cusps






11. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






12. Cell-surface proteins that are macromolecules that are foreign to the host organism and trigger an immune response ex: ABO group and the Rh factor






13. Coat the damaged area and trap blood cells to form a clot






14. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






15. Any liquid in a thin tube will rise becaUse of the surface tension of the liquid and interactions between the liquid and the tube






16. Used to lower the immune response to transplants and decrease the likelihood of rejection






17. The production of antibodies during an immune response -can be conferred by vaccination






18. Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs






19. Primary organ of transport in the plant






20. Universal recipient as it has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies






21. Thick-walled - muscular - elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart






22. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






23. Blood is confined to blood vessel






24. Leukocytes involved in immune response and the production of antibodies (B cells) or cytolysis of infected cells (T cells)






25. Cell fragments that lack nuclei and are involved in clot formation -involved in injury repair






26. Include arteries - veins - and capilleries






27. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons






28. Composed of muscular - four-chambered heart - a network of blood vessels - and the blood itself






29. Leukocytes that phagocytize foreign matter and organisms such as bacteria






30. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers






31. Severe anemia for the fetus caused by Rh+ fetus






32. Fetal red blood cells (which will have the Rh factor) enter maternal circulation during birth which cause the anti-Rh antibodies she produced when sensitized by the first birth may cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells






33. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






34. Converts fibrinogen (another plasma protein) into fibrin






35. Relatively thinly walled - inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood toward the heart






36. Two upper chambers of the heart -thin walled






37. Phloem - cambium - and xylem layers






38. Exerts hormonal control via epinepherine (adrenaline) secretion - which causes an increase in heart rate






39. Functions as the main heart by coordinated contractions in annelids






40. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






41. Leukocytes that migrate from the blood to tissue - where they mature into stationary cells






42. Where exchange occurs in arthropods






43. Involves cells that combat fungal and viral infection






44. An individual is injected witha weakened - inactive - or related form of a particular antigen - which stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies against it






45. Have body walls that are two cells thick -all cels are direct contact with either the internal or external environments so there is no need for a specialized circulatory system






46. Fluid left after blood clotting






47. Supply plant cells with nutrients and remove waste products






48. Swellins along lyph vessels containing phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






49. Involves the transfer of antibodies produced by another individual or organism -acquired either passively or by injection






50. The period during which the ventricles contract