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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Run up and down the stem at the center and contains xylem - phloem - and cambium cells






2. Have body walls that are two cells thick -all cels are direct contact with either the internal or external environments so there is no need for a specialized circulatory system






3. When platelets come into contact with the exposed collagen of a damaged vessel - they release a chemical chemical that causes neighboring platelets to adherer to one another






4. Systole and diastole - which together make a heartbeat






5. Fetal red blood cells (which will have the Rh factor) enter maternal circulation during birth which cause the anti-Rh antibodies she produced when sensitized by the first birth may cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells






6. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






7. Serve protective functions -aka WBC






8. Modifies the rate of heart contraction






9. In annelids - five pairs of vessels that connect the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel and function as additional pumps






10. Include arteries - veins - and capilleries






11. Where exchange occurs in arthropods






12. Blood is confined to blood vessel






13. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






14. Phloem - cambium - and xylem layers






15. Branch into arterioles






16. Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart






17. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






18. Cell-surface proteins that are macromolecules that are foreign to the host organism and trigger an immune response ex: ABO group and the Rh factor






19. The production of antibodies during an immune response -can be conferred by vaccination






20. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






21. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






22. Have open circulatory systems in which blood (interstitial fluid) is in direct contact with the body tissues -blood is circulated primarily by body movements






23. Involves cells that combat fungal and viral infection






24. Excess interstitial fluid






25. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






26. Have three cusps and are located between the left ventricle and the aorta and between the right ventricle and the pumonary artery (the pulmonic valve)






27. Converts fibrinogen (another plasma protein) into fibrin






28. Two lower chambers of the heart -extremely muscular






29. Exerts hormonal control via epinepherine (adrenaline) secretion - which causes an increase in heart rate






30. Carries impuls of AV node which branches into the right and left bundle branches - and through the Purkinje fibers in the walls of ventircles - generating a strong contraction






31. Responsible for both of these immune mechanisms






32. Innervates the heart via the vagus nerve and causes a decrease in the heart rate






33. Tissue involved in storage of nutrients and plant support






34. Located at the tips of roots and stems where division leads to increase in length






35. Lined in passages - which filter and trap foreign particles






36. Branches into a series of arteries






37. Actively dividing - undifferentiated cells of a plant






38. Supply plant cells with nutrients and remove waste products






39. The period during which the ventricles contract






40. Specialized of the root epidermis with thin-walled projections increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals from the soil






41. Thin walled cells on the outside of the vascular bundle that transport nutrients down the stem -are living and include sieve tube cells and companion cells






42. A small mass of specialized tissue located in the wall of the right atrium regulates/originates an ordinary cardiac contraction -spreads impulses through both atria - stimulating them to contract simultaneously






43. Transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs






44. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






45. Leukocytes that migrate from the blood to tissue - where they mature into stationary cells






46. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






47. Swellins along lyph vessels containing phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






48. Branch into microscopic capillaries






49. Cell fragments that lack nuclei and are involved in clot formation -involved in injury repair






50. Innervates the heart via the cervical and upper thoracic ganglia and causes an increase in the ehart rate







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