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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Physical barier against bacterial invasion






2. Branches into a series of arteries






3. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






4. Epidermis (outer-bark) - cortex - phloem - cambium - xylem - and pith






5. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






6. Where exchange occurs in arthropods






7. Fluid left after blood clotting






8. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






9. Used to lower the immune response to transplants and decrease the likelihood of rejection






10. Run up and down the stem at the center and contains xylem - phloem - and cambium cells






11. Functions to absorb materials through the root hairs and anchor the plant -provide storage for energy reserves






12. Modifies the rate of heart contraction






13. Thick-walled - muscular - elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart






14. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






15. An individual is injected witha weakened - inactive - or related form of a particular antigen - which stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies against it






16. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






17. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons






18. (earthworm) uses a closed circulatory system to deliver materials to cells that are not in direct contact with the external environment






19. The driving force of the circulatory system






20. Fraction of the blood containing a wide variety of antibodies - that can be used to confer temporary protection against hepatitis and other diseases by passive immunity






21. Systole and diastole - which together make a heartbeat






22. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






23. Valve on the left side of the heart that has two cusps






24. Fetal red blood cells (which will have the Rh factor) enter maternal circulation during birth which cause the anti-Rh antibodies she produced when sensitized by the first birth may cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells






25. Have open circulatory systems in which blood (interstitial fluid) is in direct contact with the body tissues -blood is circulated primarily by body movements






26. Actively dividing - undifferentiated cells of a plant






27. Lined in passages - which filter and trap foreign particles






28. The period during which the ventricles contract






29. Phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






30. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






31. The production of antibodies during an immune response -can be conferred by vaccination






32. Primary organ of transport in the plant






33. Inappropriate response to certain foods and pollen that cause the body to form antibodies and release histamine






34. Any liquid in a thin tube will rise becaUse of the surface tension of the liquid and interactions between the liquid and the tube






35. Converts fibrinogen (another plasma protein) into fibrin






36. Cell fragments that lack nuclei and are involved in clot formation -involved in injury repair






37. Two upper chambers of the heart -thin walled






38. Relatively thinly walled - inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood toward the heart






39. Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart






40. Functions as the main heart by coordinated contractions in annelids






41. Blood transports nutrients and O2 to tissue and wastes and CO2 from tissue -transport of gases - transport of nutrients and wste - and clotting






42. Attracted to the injury site phagocytize antigenic material






43. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






44. Carries impuls of AV node which branches into the right and left bundle branches - and through the Purkinje fibers in the walls of ventircles - generating a strong contraction






45. Leukocytes involved in immune response and the production of antibodies (B cells) or cytolysis of infected cells (T cells)






46. Secondary circulatory system distinct from the cardiovascular circulation - =vessels transport lymph to the cardiovascular system - thereby keeping fluid levels in the body constant






47. Supply plant cells with nutrients and remove waste products






48. Prevent extensive blood loss while the damaged vessel heals itself






49. Have body walls that are two cells thick -all cels are direct contact with either the internal or external environments so there is no need for a specialized circulatory system






50. Innervates the heart via the vagus nerve and causes a decrease in the heart rate







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