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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Innervates the heart via the vagus nerve and causes a decrease in the heart rate






2. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






3. Outer layer of xylem that is alive






4. Valve on the left side of the heart that has two cusps






5. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






6. Secondary circulatory system distinct from the cardiovascular circulation - =vessels transport lymph to the cardiovascular system - thereby keeping fluid levels in the body constant






7. Produced by cells under viral attack and diffuse to other cells - where they help prevent the spread of the virus






8. Composed of muscular - four-chambered heart - a network of blood vessels - and the blood itself






9. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






10. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons






11. Cell-surface proteins that are macromolecules that are foreign to the host organism and trigger an immune response ex: ABO group and the Rh factor






12. Include arteries - veins - and capilleries






13. Branch into microscopic capillaries






14. Phloem - cambium - and xylem layers






15. Branch into arterioles






16. When hemoglobin bind to oxygen






17. Tissue involved in storage of nutrients and plant support






18. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles






19. Excess interstitial fluid






20. In annelids - five pairs of vessels that connect the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel and function as additional pumps






21. Have body walls that are two cells thick -all cels are direct contact with either the internal or external environments so there is no need for a specialized circulatory system






22. Valve on the right side of the heart has three cusps






23. Functions to absorb materials through the root hairs and anchor the plant -provide storage for energy reserves






24. Exchange of gases - nutrients - and cellular waste products occurs via diffusion across this






25. When platelets come into contact with the exposed collagen of a damaged vessel - they release a chemical chemical that causes neighboring platelets to adherer to one another






26. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






27. Primary organ of transport in the plant






28. Relatively thinly walled - inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood toward the heart






29. Two lower chambers of the heart -extremely muscular






30. Functions as the main heart by coordinated contractions in annelids






31. Serve protective functions -aka WBC






32. Attracted to the injury site phagocytize antigenic material






33. Heterotrophic cells that generally consume other cells or food particles -movement of gases and nutrients is a ccomplished by simple diffusion within the cell






34. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






35. Located at the tips of roots and stems where division leads to increase in length






36. Where blood flows through in arthropods






37. Pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (throughout the body)






38. Responsible for both of these immune mechanisms






39. Physical barier against bacterial invasion






40. Severe anemia for the fetus caused by Rh+ fetus






41. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






42. Conducts impulse slowly - allowing enough time for atrial contraction and for the ventricles to fill with blood






43. Fraction of the blood containing a wide variety of antibodies - that can be used to confer temporary protection against hepatitis and other diseases by passive immunity






44. Released by injured cells - which causes blood vessels to dilate - thereby increasing blood flow to the damaged region






45. Another antigen that may be present on the surface of red blood cells






46. Involves the transfer of antibodies produced by another individual or organism -acquired either passively or by injection






47. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






48. Supply plant cells with nutrients and remove waste products






49. Cell fragments that lack nuclei and are involved in clot formation -involved in injury repair






50. Prevent extensive blood loss while the damaged vessel heals itself