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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A small mass of specialized tissue located in the wall of the right atrium regulates/originates an ordinary cardiac contraction -spreads impulses through both atria - stimulating them to contract simultaneously






2. Physical barier against bacterial invasion






3. Exerts hormonal control via epinepherine (adrenaline) secretion - which causes an increase in heart rate






4. Where blood flows through in arthropods






5. Fetal red blood cells (which will have the Rh factor) enter maternal circulation during birth which cause the anti-Rh antibodies she produced when sensitized by the first birth may cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells






6. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






7. Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without stimulation from the nervous system - producing impulses that spread through its internal conducting system






8. Phloem - cambium - and xylem layers






9. The production of antibodies during an immune response -can be conferred by vaccination






10. Two upper chambers of the heart -thin walled






11. Pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (throughout the body)






12. Have body walls that are two cells thick -all cels are direct contact with either the internal or external environments so there is no need for a specialized circulatory system






13. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






14. Actively dividing - undifferentiated cells of a plant






15. Specialized of the root epidermis with thin-walled projections increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals from the soil






16. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






17. Valve on the left side of the heart that has two cusps






18. Located between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart - prevent backflow of blood into the atria






19. Lying between the phloem and xylem - is a type of meristem called lateral meristem that provides for lateral growth of the stem by adding to the phloem or xylem






20. Tissue involved in storage of nutrients and plant support






21. Where exchange occurs in arthropods






22. Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart






23. Inappropriate response to certain foods and pollen that cause the body to form antibodies and release histamine






24. Swellins along lyph vessels containing phagocytic cells that filter the lymph - removing and destroying foreign particles and pathogens






25. Branches into a series of arteries






26. Two lower chambers of the heart -extremely muscular






27. Have three cusps and are located between the left ventricle and the aorta and between the right ventricle and the pumonary artery (the pulmonic valve)






28. Innervates the heart via the vagus nerve and causes a decrease in the heart rate






29. Universal recipient as it has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies






30. As water evaporates from the leaves of plants - a vacuum is created pulls water up the stem






31. Thin walled cells on the outside of the vascular bundle that transport nutrients down the stem -are living and include sieve tube cells and companion cells






32. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






33. Carries impuls of AV node which branches into the right and left bundle branches - and through the Purkinje fibers in the walls of ventircles - generating a strong contraction






34. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






35. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






36. Used to lower the immune response to transplants and decrease the likelihood of rejection






37. An individual is injected witha weakened - inactive - or related form of a particular antigen - which stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies against it






38. Supply plant cells with nutrients and remove waste products






39. Involves the transfer of antibodies produced by another individual or organism -acquired either passively or by injection






40. Blood is confined to blood vessel






41. Cell fragments that lack nuclei and are involved in clot formation -involved in injury repair






42. Functions as the main heart by coordinated contractions in annelids






43. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






44. Converts fibrinogen (another plasma protein) into fibrin






45. When hemoglobin bind to oxygen






46. Exchange of gases - nutrients - and cellular waste products occurs via diffusion across this






47. Fluid left after blood clotting






48. Skin - mucous-coated epithelia - macrophages - inflammatory - interferons






49. Prevent extensive blood loss while the damaged vessel heals itself






50. Oxygen carrying components of blood -formed from stem cells in the bone marrow where they lose their nuclei - mitochodnria - and membranous organelles