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PCAT Biology Vascular Systems In Animals And Plants

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Located between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart - prevent backflow of blood into the atria






2. Valve on the right side of the heart has three cusps






3. Released by injured cells - which causes blood vessels to dilate - thereby increasing blood flow to the damaged region






4. Valve on the left side of the heart that has two cusps






5. Universal donor since it will not elicit a response from the recipient's immune system because it does not possess any surface antigens






6. (earthworm) uses a closed circulatory system to deliver materials to cells that are not in direct contact with the external environment






7. Have three cusps and are located between the left ventricle and the aorta and between the right ventricle and the pumonary artery (the pulmonic valve)






8. Water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes water up the stem






9. Fluid left after blood clotting






10. As water evaporates from the leaves of plants - a vacuum is created pulls water up the stem






11. Composed of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms






12. Epidermis (outer-bark) - cortex - phloem - cambium - xylem - and pith






13. Liquid portion of the blood -aqueous mixture of nutrients - salts - respiratory gases - wastes - hormones - and blood proteins -components are erythrocytes - leukocytes - and platelets






14. Actively dividing - undifferentiated cells of a plant






15. Run up and down the stem at the center and contains xylem - phloem - and cambium cells






16. Serve protective functions -aka WBC






17. Thick-walled - muscular - elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart






18. Responsible for the proliferationof antibodies after exposure to antigens






19. Systole and diastole - which together make a heartbeat






20. Initiated by the body in response to physical damage and often accompanied by fever






21. Where blood flows through in arthropods






22. Tissue involved in storage of nutrients and plant support






23. Relatively thinly walled - inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood toward the heart






24. Functions to absorb materials through the root hairs and anchor the plant -provide storage for energy reserves






25. Secrete sweat - which contains an enzyme that attacks bacterial cell walls






26. Involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity






27. Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart






28. Excess interstitial fluid






29. Lying between the phloem and xylem - is a type of meristem called lateral meristem that provides for lateral growth of the stem by adding to the phloem or xylem






30. When platelets come into contact with the exposed collagen of a damaged vessel - they release a chemical chemical that causes neighboring platelets to adherer to one another






31. Blood transports nutrients and O2 to tissue and wastes and CO2 from tissue -transport of gases - transport of nutrients and wste - and clotting






32. Thin walled cells on the outside of the vascular bundle that transport nutrients down the stem -are living and include sieve tube cells and companion cells






33. Engulf and detroy foreign particles






34. Converge into venules and eventually into veins - leading deoxygenated blood back toward the heart






35. With the aid of its cofactors calcium and Vitamin K - converts the inactive plasma protein prothrombin to its active form - thrombin






36. Responsible for generating the force that propels systematic circulation and pumps against a higher resistance






37. The period of cardiac muscle relaxation during which blood drains into all four chambers






38. When hemoglobin bind to oxygen






39. Defined as the total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute = heart rate (number of BPM) x stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction)






40. Two upper chambers of the heart -thin walled






41. Produced by cells under viral attack and diffuse to other cells - where they help prevent the spread of the virus






42. Prevent extensive blood loss while the damaged vessel heals itself






43. Two layers thick and are the actively dividing - undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and phloem cell layers; as they divide - the cells near the phloem differentiate into phloem cells - and the cells near the xylem differentiate into xylem






44. Cell-surface proteins that are macromolecules that are foreign to the host organism and trigger an immune response ex: ABO group and the Rh factor






45. Cells that are thick walled - often hollow cells located on the inside of the vascular bundle that carry water and minerals up the plant - and their thick walls give the plant its rigid support






46. Universal recipient as it has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies






47. AKA immunoglobulins (Igs) -defense mechanism that are complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens and trigger the immune system to remove them -either attract other cells to phagocytize the antigen or cause the antigens to clump tog






48. Inappropriate response to certain foods and pollen that cause the body to form antibodies and release histamine






49. Smallest diameter of all three types of vessels; red blood cells must often travel through them single file






50. Supply plant cells with nutrients and remove waste products