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Peripheral Vascular Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. What structure is the pacemaker of the heart
Water
To reinforce the anastomosis
SA node
As the heart beats faster there is less blood volume

2. Which clamp is removed last
To reinforce the anastomosis
Internal carotid artery
Arterial embolectomy
Hyline cartilage

3. In What procedure is a fogarty catheter used
Innominate (brachiocephalic) - left common carotid - and the left subclavian arteries
Arterial embolectomy
Arterial bypass
#11 on a #7 handle

4. What are the layers of the heart
Vena cava
Knitted polyester - woven polyester
Tunica intima - tunica media - & tunica adventita
Epicardium - myocardium - and endocardium

5. What are capillaries
Flush then clamp proximal then distal
Vessels that are between the arteriols and venule
Cramping pain or a dull ache
#11 on a #7 handle

6. Which artery feeds the upper digestive tract - spleen - and liver
Splenic artery
Carotid endarterectomy
Supine with head turned 45 degrees to the unaffected side
Water

7. sutures for femoral - popliteal arteries
Incision into an artery
Rubber shods
5-0 or 6-0
The force that blood exerts on the internal walls of the vessels

8. Where does gas exchange take place
In the capillaries
Vena cava
Arterial embolectomy
Innominate (brachiocephalic) - left common carotid - and the left subclavian arteries

9. What drugs are used in vascular surgery
Generally fusiform - below the origin of the renal arteries and end at the bifurcation of the iliac arties
Cramping pain or a dull ache
Internal carotid then the external carotid then the common carotid artery
Sodium heparin 1000/500mL saline - lidocaine with or without epi - papaverine - antibiotic irrigation - hemostatic agents

10. What arteries supply the myocardium
Arteriosclerosis obliterans
Coronary arteries
Femorofemoral bypass
Suprarenal artery

11. What is an ateriotomy
Incision into an artery
Esophagus
Internal carotid artery
Rubber shods

12. What does the external iliac artery biforcate into
Right common carotid artery and external carotid artery
The popliteal vein
Femoral arteries
Through the artery to compress the plaque against the wall of the artery

13. What are the general characteristics of veins
Dorsal venus arch
They have compromised circulation and poor vascularization - and may be diabetic or cigarette smokers
Thin tunica media - thicker tunica adventita - lumen is larger - have valves
Saphenous vein

14. When is arterial blood volume decreased
Supine with head turned 45 degrees to the unaffected side
The two internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery & the posterior cerebral artery
4-0 or 5-0
As the heart beats faster there is less blood volume

15. What organ does the gastric artery feed
Esophagus
Rubber shods
Arterial bypass
Femorofemoral bypass

16. What procedure is the javid shunt used for
Cramping pain or a dull ache
Right common carotid artery and external carotid artery
Thin tunica media - thicker tunica adventita - lumen is larger - have valves
Carotid endarterectomy

17. What is the location of the biforcation of the aorta and What vessels are involved
6-0 or 7-0
Arteriosclerosis obliterans
Left & right common iliac arteries are at the 4th lumbar
Hyline cartilage

18. What are the layers of vessels
A closed system of vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and back
Basilic vein
Heparin and antibiotics for irrigation
Tunica intima - tunica media - & tunica adventita

19. What is the pt position for carotid endoarterectomy
Arterial embolectomy
As the heart beats faster there is less blood volume
Supine with head turned 45 degrees to the unaffected side
Arteriosclerosis obliterans

20. What type of retractor is used in an aortofemoral bypass
Through the artery to compress the plaque against the wall of the artery
Sodium heparin 1000/500mL saline - lidocaine with or without epi - papaverine - antibiotic irrigation - hemostatic agents
Coronary arteries
Weitlaner self-retaining retractor

21. What do the anterior and posterior tibial veins unite to become
Epicardium - myocardium - and endocardium
The popliteal vein
Femoral arteries
Midabdomen to toes & leg circumferentially

22. What organs does the superior mesenteric artery feed
Incision into an artery
Unpaired - just below the celiac trunk its branches feed the pancreas - duodenum - small intestine
#11 on a #7 handle
Hyline cartilage

23. sutures for common carotid or subclavian
5-0 or 6-0
6-0
Internal carotid then the external carotid then the common carotid artery
3-0 or 4-0

24. What disease leads to atheroma formation
Arterial bypass
5-0 or 6-0
Arteriosclerosis obliterans
The two internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery & the posterior cerebral artery

25. What structures keep the trachea from collapsing
Splenic artery
A closed system of vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and back
Hyline cartilage
The force that blood exerts on the internal walls of the vessels

26. What is the peripheral vascular system
Vessels that are between the arteriols and venule
5-0 or 6-0
The popliteal vein
A closed system of vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and back

27. What procedure is used for an iliac artery obstruction
To reinforce the anastomosis
Incision into an artery
Innominate (brachiocephalic) - left common carotid - and the left subclavian arteries
Femorofemoral bypass

28. What medication is added to saline
Heparin and antibiotics for irrigation
Cramping pain or a dull ache
Arteriosclerosis obliterans
Esophagus

29. What materials are used for stents
Epicardium - myocardium - and endocardium
They have compromised circulation and poor vascularization - and may be diabetic or cigarette smokers
Arterial embolectomy
Stainless steel mesh - titanium - polypropylene

30. What graft material is not used in the popliteal area
Epicardium - myocardium - and endocardium
Thin tunica media - thicker tunica adventita - lumen is larger - have valves
The two internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery & the posterior cerebral artery
Knitted polyester - woven polyester

31. What is the best approach for an aortofemoral bypass
Unpaired - just below the celiac trunk its branches feed the pancreas - duodenum - small intestine
Arterial bypass
Through the artery to compress the plaque against the wall of the artery
Ventricular contraction - resistance - blood viscosity - and heart rate

32. What is the prep area for a femoropopliteal bypass
6-0 or 7-0
Vena cava
Midabdomen to toes & leg circumferentially
To reinforce the anastomosis

33. What drug is used for arterial vasospasms
The two internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery & the posterior cerebral artery
Thin tunica media - thicker tunica adventita - lumen is larger - have valves
Stainless steel mesh - titanium - polypropylene
Papaverine

34. What solution is not used during grafting procedures
Carotid endarterectomy
The two internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery & the posterior cerebral artery
Water
Internal carotid artery

35. What is the sequence of clamping in an ateriotomy
3-0 or 4-0
Ascending aorta
Internal carotid artery
Flush then clamp proximal then distal

36. What type of needle is used for vessels
Vertebral arteries
Double armed needles - tapered
Midabdomen to toes & leg circumferentially
Vena cava

37. What are the sutures for the iliac artery
Papaverine
Supine with head turned 45 degrees to the unaffected side
4-0 or 5-0
3-0 or 4-0

38. What vessels are clamped during a carotid endarterectomy
Internal carotid then the external carotid then the common carotid artery
Through the artery to compress the plaque against the wall of the artery
The two internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery & the posterior cerebral artery
Right common carotid artery and external carotid artery

39. How is the fogarty baloon catheter used
Through the artery to compress the plaque against the wall of the artery
Sarot clamp?
Epicardium - myocardium - and endocardium
Unpaired - just below the celiac trunk its branches feed the pancreas - duodenum - small intestine

40. What are pledgets used for
Flush then clamp proximal then distal
To reinforce the anastomosis
Double armed needles - tapered
4-0 or 5-0

41. What is blood pressure
Sarot clamp?
Sodium heparin 1000/500mL saline - lidocaine with or without epi - papaverine - antibiotic irrigation - hemostatic agents
A closed system of vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and back
The force that blood exerts on the internal walls of the vessels

42. From What vein is the blood taken to pre-clot the graft
The two internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery & the posterior cerebral artery
Generally fusiform - below the origin of the renal arteries and end at the bifurcation of the iliac arties
Vena cava
The surgeons hands should be wet

43. What is the largest vein
Supine with head turned 45 degrees to the unaffected side
The two internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery & the posterior cerebral artery
6-0 or 7-0
Saphenous vein

44. What communicate in the circle of willis
The two internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery & the posterior cerebral artery
Carotid endarterectomy
Midabdomen to toes & leg circumferentially
3-0 or 4-0

45. Where do the coronary arteries arise from
4-0 or 5-0
Innominate (brachiocephalic) - left common carotid - and the left subclavian arteries
Ascending aorta
6-0

46. What vein is on the lateral side of the arm
Innominate (brachiocephalic) - left common carotid - and the left subclavian arteries
Supine with head turned 45 degrees to the unaffected side
Femoral arteries
Basilic vein

47. What are delicate sutures tagged with
Through the artery to compress the plaque against the wall of the artery
Arteriosclerosis obliterans
Rubber shods
As the heart beats faster there is less blood volume

48. What are the sutures for the aorta
Generally fusiform - below the origin of the renal arteries and end at the bifurcation of the iliac arties
Tunica intima - tunica media - & tunica adventita
3-0 or 4-0
6-0 or 7-0

49. What is claudication
Papaverine
Cramping pain or a dull ache
Femoral arteries
They have compromised circulation and poor vascularization - and may be diabetic or cigarette smokers

50. sutures for posterior tibial - internal carotid - brachial - radial or ulnar
Stainless steel mesh - titanium - polypropylene
Arteriosclerosis obliterans
6-0 or 7-0
The surgeons hands should be wet

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Peripheral Vascular Surgery

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