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Praxis Physics Basic Principles

Subjects : praxis, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Isotopes that have unstable nuclei and can undergo spontaneous nuclear reactions which results in particle or radiation being emitted.






2. A system that can exchange heat and work - but not matter






3. Measure of the amount of substance in an object






4. Refers to the fact that the total amount of energy in a closed system is constant






5. Solid - Liquid - Gas






6. The smallest unit of matter that has the characteristics of an element; consists of three main types of subatomic particles: protons neutrons and electrons.






7. Occurs when an unstable atomic nucleus spontaneously loses energy by emitting ionizing particles & radiation. It is a form of energy transfer. Before Decay = parent nuclide After Decay = Daughter nuclide (s)






8. Rate at which work is performed






9. A System that cannot exchange heat - work - or matter with its surroundings. Total Energy & Mass stay constant w/in system






10. Branch of Physics that studies the conversion of energy into work and heat. Concerned w/ variables such as temperature - volume - and pressure






11. AKA Mass Number. The total number of protons and Neutrons in the nucleus of an atoms. Referred to as 'A.'






12. Substance containing two or more elements; formed by chemical reactions. Can only be separated by a chemical reaction






13. Attributes such as appearance - color - mass - and volume.






14. Can be Beta - Minus or Beta Plus. Beta - Minus: contain an energetic electron Beta - plus: emitted by positrons and can result in gamma photons. Beta particles can be stopped by thin metal.






15. Substances that have mass and occupy space






16. A change that results in a different substance. They may release or consume energy.






17. Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds






18. Substances that consist of only one type of atom






19. Type of High energy electromagnetic radiation consisting of photons. It rids the decaying nucleus of excess energy after it has emitted either alpha or beta radiation. They can cause serious damage to living tissue. It takes thick lead to stop them.






20. Capable of interacting with a surrounding environment and can exchange heat - work (energy) and matter outside their system boundaries






21. How do you determine the volume of an irregularly shaped object?






22. The quantity of energy transferred by one system to another due to changes in a system that is the result of external forces; also can be described as the amount of energy that must be transferred to overcome a force.






23. Contain two or more substances that are combined but have not reacted chemically. They can be separated using physical methods






24. Measurement of the amount of cubic space occupied.






25. A misguided belief that a system can continuously produce more energy than it consumes.






26. Causes an electron to detach from an atom; occurs in radioactive reactions. Three types: 1. Alpha 2. Beta 3. Gamma






27. Energy transferred to a body by a means other than work. (through the process of heat)






28. 1st (K Shell) = 2 electrons - 2nd (L Shell) = 8 electrons - 3rd (M Shell) = 18 electrons - 4th (N Shell) = 32 electrons






29. Isotopes that have not been observed to decay






30. Positive; larger than Beta. Because of their large mass they can be easily stopped (even with a sheet of paper.) Can cause severe damage if ingested.






31. The time it takes for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to undergo radioactive decay.






32. Measure of gravitational pull of Earth on an object or between two bodies






33. This refers to objects that have the same temperature b/c heat is transferred between them to reach equilibrium






34. Joining of two nuclei; occurs under extreme temperatures and pressure. Fusion occurs naturally in stars (responsible for the release of great energy).






35. Refers to everything outside a thermodynamic system.






36. Measure of the amount of mass per unit volume.






37. Conservation of Energy (energy can only be transferred - not created or destroyed)






38. Total Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy in a system






39. Measurement of Work






40. Properties concerned with the constituent particles that make up a substance. Can include: Atomic Number - Category - Group - Period - Block - weight - electron configuration - electrons per shell - phase - density - Sublimation point - specific heat






41. Refers to the particles that are emitted from nuclei as a result of nuclear instability






42. Refers to the amount of energy in a system that is no longer available for work. (also used to describe the amount of disorder in a group)






43. A change that does not result in different substances; when an object changes form but not compostion.






44. Splitting of a large nucleus into smaller pieces






45. The capacity for doing work that is based upon position or configuration.






46. Homogeneous mixtures composed of two or more substances that have become one






47. The capacity to do work






48. The measure of the ratio of a substance's density compared to the density of water.






49. Transfer of Energy from a body or system as a result of thermal contact. Heat consists of random motion and the vibration of atoms - molecules - & ions. Higher the temperature - greater the atomic/molecular motion






50. Refers to the energy of an object in motion.