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Test your basic knowledge |
Praxis Physics Basic Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
praxis
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Capable of interacting with a surrounding environment and can exchange heat - work (energy) and matter outside their system boundaries
First Law of Thermodynamics
Density
Open Systems (physics)
Isolated System (physics)
2. Branch of Physics that studies the conversion of energy into work and heat. Concerned w/ variables such as temperature - volume - and pressure
Kinetic Energy
Water displacement
Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics
3. Energy transferred to a body by a means other than work. (through the process of heat)
Atomic Mass
Density
Thermal Contact
Isotope
4. Attributes such as appearance - color - mass - and volume.
Physical Changes
Three states of matter
Matter
Physical properties
5. Can be Beta - Minus or Beta Plus. Beta - Minus: contain an energetic electron Beta - plus: emitted by positrons and can result in gamma photons. Beta particles can be stopped by thin metal.
Mass
Electron Shell Configuration
Chemical Properties
Beta Rays
6. Properties concerned with the constituent particles that make up a substance. Can include: Atomic Number - Category - Group - Period - Block - weight - electron configuration - electrons per shell - phase - density - Sublimation point - specific heat
Chemical Properties
Thermal Contact
Three states of matter
Radiation
7. Measurement of Work
Most abundant Elements in Universe
Joule
Radioactive Half - life
Stable Isotopes
8. Type of High energy electromagnetic radiation consisting of photons. It rids the decaying nucleus of excess energy after it has emitted either alpha or beta radiation. They can cause serious damage to living tissue. It takes thick lead to stop them.
Gamma Rays
Compound
Atomic Weight
Isotope
9. The quantity of energy transferred by one system to another due to changes in a system that is the result of external forces; also can be described as the amount of energy that must be transferred to overcome a force.
Nuclear Fission
Specific Gravity
Work
Chemical Properties
10. A change that does not result in different substances; when an object changes form but not compostion.
Radioactive Isotopes
Thermodynamics
Physical Changes
Isotope
11. 1st (K Shell) = 2 electrons - 2nd (L Shell) = 8 electrons - 3rd (M Shell) = 18 electrons - 4th (N Shell) = 32 electrons
Electron Shell Configuration
Isolated System (physics)
Heat Engine
Thermal Energy
12. The capacity for doing work that is based upon position or configuration.
Nuclear Fission
Potential Energy
Ionizing Radiation (3 types)
Water displacement
13. Conservation of Energy (energy can only be transferred - not created or destroyed)
Radioactive Decay
Elements
Chemical Properties
First Law of Thermodynamics
14. Rate at which work is performed
Energy
Power
Closed Systems (physics)
Solutions
15. Refers to the fact that the total amount of energy in a closed system is constant
Thermodynamic Equilibrium
Conservation of Energy
Thermodynamics
Weight
16. Isotopes that have not been observed to decay
Most abundant Elements in Universe
Thermal Energy
Physical properties
Stable Isotopes
17. Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Three states of matter
Molecule
Thermal Contact
Atomic Mass
18. Substances that consist of only one type of atom
Radioisotopes
Alpha Rays
Elements
Entropy
19. Substances that have mass and occupy space
Entropy
Thermal Contact
Matter
Most abundant Elements in Universe
20. Hydrogen and Helium are the most abundant. Than Oxygen - Neon - Nitrogen - Carbon - Silicon - and Magnesium.
Compound
Joule
Most abundant Elements in Universe
Open Systems (physics)
21. How do you determine the volume of an irregularly shaped object?
Nuclear Fission
Work
Water displacement
Kinetic Energy
22. Measure of the amount of mass per unit volume.
Volume
Elements
First Law of Thermodynamics
Density
23. Occurs when an unstable atomic nucleus spontaneously loses energy by emitting ionizing particles & radiation. It is a form of energy transfer. Before Decay = parent nuclide After Decay = Daughter nuclide (s)
Electron Shell Configuration
Radioactive Decay
Chemical Change
Joule
24. Measure of the amount of substance in an object
Mass
Atomic Mass
Physical Changes
Work
25. When energy is emitted by one body and absorbed by another
Solutions
Joule
Radiation
Nuclear Fission
26. The smallest unit of matter that has the characteristics of an element; consists of three main types of subatomic particles: protons neutrons and electrons.
Isotope
Atoms
Chemical Properties
Kinetic Energy
27. Causes an electron to detach from an atom; occurs in radioactive reactions. Three types: 1. Alpha 2. Beta 3. Gamma
Power
Atoms
Ionizing Radiation (3 types)
Alpha Rays
28. A system that can exchange heat and work - but not matter
Compound
Thermodynamic Equilibrium
Closed Systems (physics)
Radioactive Isotopes
29. Positive; larger than Beta. Because of their large mass they can be easily stopped (even with a sheet of paper.) Can cause severe damage if ingested.
Mixtures
Three states of matter
Alpha Rays
Stable Isotopes
30. A variation of an atom; occur when the number of protons in the nucleus are the same but the number of neutrons are not. Written as the element plus the number of Neucleons (i.e. Carbon -13 (6 Protons - 7 Neutrons)
Physical Changes
Atoms
Atomic Weight
Isotope
31. Contain two or more substances that are combined but have not reacted chemically. They can be separated using physical methods
Mixtures
Molecule
Thermodynamics
Weight
32. Refers to the energy of an object in motion.
Kinetic Energy
Weight
Radioactive Decay
Atoms
33. Measure of gravitational pull of Earth on an object or between two bodies
Elements
Weight
Mass
Work
34. Ratio of the average mass per atom of a sample (which can include various isotopes) to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon -12.
Radiation
Power
Mixtures
Atomic Weight
35. A System that cannot exchange heat - work - or matter with its surroundings. Total Energy & Mass stay constant w/in system
Physical properties
Isolated System (physics)
Ionizing Radiation (3 types)
Physical Changes
36. AKA Mass Number. The total number of protons and Neutrons in the nucleus of an atoms. Referred to as 'A.'
Heat Engine
Atomic Mass
Water displacement
Ionizing Radiation (3 types)
37. Refers to everything outside a thermodynamic system.
Atoms
Weight
Isolated System (physics)
Surrounding Environment (physics)
38. Joining of two nuclei; occurs under extreme temperatures and pressure. Fusion occurs naturally in stars (responsible for the release of great energy).
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fusion
Alpha Rays
Gamma Rays
39. Splitting of a large nucleus into smaller pieces
Matter
Nuclear Fission
Surrounding Environment (physics)
Mass
40. Solid - Liquid - Gas
Thermal Contact
Three states of matter
Thermodynamic Equilibrium
Nuclear Fission
41. A misguided belief that a system can continuously produce more energy than it consumes.
Weight
Compound
Perpetual Motion
Atomic Mass
42. Atoms that have an unstable nucleus that has excess energy and the potential to make radiation particles within the nucleus or undergo radioactive decay which can result in the emission of gamma rays. May occur naturally or artificially produced.
Radioactivity
Joule
Radioisotopes
Radioactive Half - life
43. A change that results in a different substance. They may release or consume energy.
Radioactive Decay
Chemical Change
Weight
Energy
44. Transfer of Energy from a body or system as a result of thermal contact. Heat consists of random motion and the vibration of atoms - molecules - & ions. Higher the temperature - greater the atomic/molecular motion
Gamma Rays
Heat Engine
Physical properties
Heat
45. Measurement of the amount of cubic space occupied.
Potential Energy
Solutions
Volume
Conservation of Energy
46. This refers to objects that have the same temperature b/c heat is transferred between them to reach equilibrium
Thermodynamic Equilibrium
Volume
Molecule
Atomic Weight
47. The time it takes for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to undergo radioactive decay.
Radioactive Half - life
Ionizing Radiation (3 types)
Heat Engine
Radioactivity
48. Refers to the particles that are emitted from nuclei as a result of nuclear instability
Thermal Contact
Potential Energy
Most abundant Elements in Universe
Radioactivity
49. Homogeneous mixtures composed of two or more substances that have become one
Solutions
Conservation of Energy
Entropy
Energy
50. The measure of the ratio of a substance's density compared to the density of water.
Specific Gravity
Water displacement
Chemical Change
Kinetic Energy