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Test your basic knowledge |
Praxis Physics Basic Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
praxis
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Isotopes that have unstable nuclei and can undergo spontaneous nuclear reactions which results in particle or radiation being emitted.
Radioactive Decay
Mass
Radioactive Isotopes
Elements
2. A change that results in a different substance. They may release or consume energy.
Work
Chemical Change
Radioactivity
Ionizing Radiation (3 types)
3. Total Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy in a system
Thermal Energy
Closed Systems (physics)
Work
Isotope
4. Substance containing two or more elements; formed by chemical reactions. Can only be separated by a chemical reaction
Radioactive Half - life
Atoms
Chemical Properties
Compound
5. Substances that consist of only one type of atom
Stable Isotopes
Surrounding Environment (physics)
Elements
Radioactive Isotopes
6. A system that can exchange heat and work - but not matter
Physical Changes
Closed Systems (physics)
Elements
Stable Isotopes
7. The measure of the ratio of a substance's density compared to the density of water.
Specific Gravity
Matter
Atomic Mass
Entropy
8. Refers to the energy of an object in motion.
Kinetic Energy
Heat
Specific Gravity
Density
9. The capacity for doing work that is based upon position or configuration.
Power
Chemical Change
Isolated System (physics)
Potential Energy
10. Measure of gravitational pull of Earth on an object or between two bodies
Weight
Conservation of Energy
Energy
Radiation
11. Joining of two nuclei; occurs under extreme temperatures and pressure. Fusion occurs naturally in stars (responsible for the release of great energy).
Volume
Nuclear Fusion
Mass
Isotope
12. 1st (K Shell) = 2 electrons - 2nd (L Shell) = 8 electrons - 3rd (M Shell) = 18 electrons - 4th (N Shell) = 32 electrons
Molecule
Water displacement
Electron Shell Configuration
Physical Changes
13. Branch of Physics that studies the conversion of energy into work and heat. Concerned w/ variables such as temperature - volume - and pressure
Atomic Mass
Thermal Energy
Thermodynamics
Physical Changes
14. Hydrogen and Helium are the most abundant. Than Oxygen - Neon - Nitrogen - Carbon - Silicon - and Magnesium.
Physical properties
Most abundant Elements in Universe
Power
Thermal Contact
15. A Machine that converts thermal energy to mechanical energy that can be used to do work
Energy
Radioactive Half - life
Thermal Contact
Heat Engine
16. Attributes such as appearance - color - mass - and volume.
Physical properties
Weight
Radiation
Nuclear Fusion
17. Causes an electron to detach from an atom; occurs in radioactive reactions. Three types: 1. Alpha 2. Beta 3. Gamma
Compound
Atomic Mass
Ionizing Radiation (3 types)
Nuclear Fission
18. Type of High energy electromagnetic radiation consisting of photons. It rids the decaying nucleus of excess energy after it has emitted either alpha or beta radiation. They can cause serious damage to living tissue. It takes thick lead to stop them.
Water displacement
Chemical Properties
Gamma Rays
Nuclear Fission
19. Transfer of Energy from a body or system as a result of thermal contact. Heat consists of random motion and the vibration of atoms - molecules - & ions. Higher the temperature - greater the atomic/molecular motion
Open Systems (physics)
Electron Shell Configuration
Heat
Chemical Change
20. Splitting of a large nucleus into smaller pieces
Radiation
Ionizing Radiation (3 types)
Isolated System (physics)
Nuclear Fission
21. The smallest unit of matter that has the characteristics of an element; consists of three main types of subatomic particles: protons neutrons and electrons.
Atoms
Isolated System (physics)
Thermal Energy
Radiation
22. Measure of the amount of mass per unit volume.
Most abundant Elements in Universe
Radioactive Decay
Density
Weight
23. Measurement of the amount of cubic space occupied.
Weight
Volume
Thermodynamics
Molecule
24. Capable of interacting with a surrounding environment and can exchange heat - work (energy) and matter outside their system boundaries
Potential Energy
Radioactive Isotopes
Gamma Rays
Open Systems (physics)
25. Substances that have mass and occupy space
Nuclear Fusion
Nuclear Fission
Closed Systems (physics)
Matter
26. The time it takes for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to undergo radioactive decay.
Physical Changes
Energy
Radioactive Half - life
Water displacement
27. Isotopes that have not been observed to decay
Perpetual Motion
Density
Stable Isotopes
Compound
28. A change that does not result in different substances; when an object changes form but not compostion.
Radioactivity
Elements
Physical Changes
Mass
29. Rate at which work is performed
Three states of matter
Radioactivity
Power
Electron Shell Configuration
30. Ratio of the average mass per atom of a sample (which can include various isotopes) to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon -12.
Nuclear Fission
Thermodynamics
Joule
Atomic Weight
31. The capacity to do work
Energy
Mixtures
Mass
First Law of Thermodynamics
32. AKA Mass Number. The total number of protons and Neutrons in the nucleus of an atoms. Referred to as 'A.'
Work
Chemical Change
Radioactive Half - life
Atomic Mass
33. Measurement of Work
Joule
Chemical Properties
Isolated System (physics)
Entropy
34. Refers to the amount of energy in a system that is no longer available for work. (also used to describe the amount of disorder in a group)
Perpetual Motion
Entropy
Isotope
Ionizing Radiation (3 types)
35. Properties concerned with the constituent particles that make up a substance. Can include: Atomic Number - Category - Group - Period - Block - weight - electron configuration - electrons per shell - phase - density - Sublimation point - specific heat
Work
Chemical Properties
Thermal Energy
Matter
36. Contain two or more substances that are combined but have not reacted chemically. They can be separated using physical methods
Perpetual Motion
Electron Shell Configuration
Chemical Change
Mixtures
37. Occurs when an unstable atomic nucleus spontaneously loses energy by emitting ionizing particles & radiation. It is a form of energy transfer. Before Decay = parent nuclide After Decay = Daughter nuclide (s)
Thermal Contact
Alpha Rays
Most abundant Elements in Universe
Radioactive Decay
38. Refers to everything outside a thermodynamic system.
Work
Surrounding Environment (physics)
Conservation of Energy
Atomic Mass
39. Can be Beta - Minus or Beta Plus. Beta - Minus: contain an energetic electron Beta - plus: emitted by positrons and can result in gamma photons. Beta particles can be stopped by thin metal.
Beta Rays
Stable Isotopes
Alpha Rays
Radioactive Isotopes
40. Positive; larger than Beta. Because of their large mass they can be easily stopped (even with a sheet of paper.) Can cause severe damage if ingested.
Alpha Rays
Thermal Energy
Atomic Weight
Matter
41. How do you determine the volume of an irregularly shaped object?
Gamma Rays
Radioactive Decay
Atomic Weight
Water displacement
42. A System that cannot exchange heat - work - or matter with its surroundings. Total Energy & Mass stay constant w/in system
Compound
Open Systems (physics)
Isolated System (physics)
Closed Systems (physics)
43. Energy transferred to a body by a means other than work. (through the process of heat)
Potential Energy
Thermal Contact
Radioisotopes
Solutions
44. A misguided belief that a system can continuously produce more energy than it consumes.
Radioactive Half - life
Stable Isotopes
Electron Shell Configuration
Perpetual Motion
45. A variation of an atom; occur when the number of protons in the nucleus are the same but the number of neutrons are not. Written as the element plus the number of Neucleons (i.e. Carbon -13 (6 Protons - 7 Neutrons)
Isotope
Electron Shell Configuration
Radioactivity
First Law of Thermodynamics
46. Refers to the particles that are emitted from nuclei as a result of nuclear instability
Entropy
Chemical Properties
Radioactivity
Atomic Weight
47. This refers to objects that have the same temperature b/c heat is transferred between them to reach equilibrium
Radiation
Stable Isotopes
Mixtures
Thermodynamic Equilibrium
48. Atoms that have an unstable nucleus that has excess energy and the potential to make radiation particles within the nucleus or undergo radioactive decay which can result in the emission of gamma rays. May occur naturally or artificially produced.
Work
Radioisotopes
Isolated System (physics)
Alpha Rays
49. Measure of the amount of substance in an object
Mass
Water displacement
Density
Heat
50. Solid - Liquid - Gas
Thermodynamics
Three states of matter
Conservation of Energy
Mass