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Test your basic knowledge |
Principles Of Design
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
design
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things. pg 200 ex: multiple choice tests
Recognition Over Recall
Affordance
Gutenberg Diagram
Forgiveness
2. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled than common things.
Proximity
Von Restorff Effect
Anthropomorphic Form
Comparison
3. Pictures are remembered better than words. pg 184 ex: ads with pictures are easier to look at.
Von Restorff Effect
Anthropomorphic Form
80/20 Rule
Picture Superiority Effect
4. A property in which the physical characteristics of an object influence it's function. pg 22
Inattentional Blindness
Advance Organizer
Area Alignment
Affordance
5. The placement of elements such that edges line up along common rows or columns - or their bodies along a common center. pg 24 ex: ballot
80/20 Rule
Von Restorff Effect
Alignment
Recognition Over Recall
6. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than the items in the middle of a list. pg 220
Law of Pragnanz
Recognition Over Recall
Anthropomorphic Form
Serial Position Effects
7. A tendency to find forms that appear humanoid or exhibit humanlike characteristics appealing. pg 26 ex: cocacola bottle
Closure
Cognitive Dissonance
Anthropomorphic Form
Common Fate
8. The use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements from damage. pg 262 ex crumple zones on a car
Weakest Link
Gutenberg Diagram
80/20 Rule
Advance Organizer
9. As the flexibility of a system increases - the usability of the system decreases. pg 102 ex: remote controls; #of buttons vs ease of use.
Visibility
Mapping
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Common Fate
10. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or 'chunks' so that the info is easier to process and remember. pg 40 ex: section headers
Chunking
Gutenberg Diagram
Serial Position Effects
Picture Superiority Effect
11. The use of pictoral images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls. pg 132 ex: street signs
Area Alignment
Iconic Representation
Operant Conditioning
Visibility
12. A high percentage of effects in any large system are caused by a low percentage of variables. pg 14
Forgiveness
Weakest Link
80/20 Rule
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
13. Alignment based on the area of elements versus the edges of elements. pg 30 ex: sihlouettes in a line.
Picture Superiority Effect
Legibility
Iconic Representation
Area Alignment
14. Elements are percieved as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field). Characteristics of figure include defined shape - seeming closer with a clear location - below the horizon line - and lower regional placement.
Figure-Ground Relationship
Comparison
Anthropomorphic Form
Advance Organizer
15. A tendency to see a set of individual elements as a single rcognizable pattern - rather than multiple individual elements. pg 44 ex: wwf panda
Closure
80/20 Rule
Cognitive Dissonance
Alignment
16. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information. It splits a display medium into a primary optical area (top left) - terminal (bottom right) - strong fallow area (top righ
Gutenberg Diagram
Inattentional Blindness
Mapping
Legibility
17. The failure to cognatively process a stimulus that is presented in clear view - leaving the observer without any awareness or memory of the stimulus. pg 136 ex: basketball passing and the gorilla.
Mapping
Inattentional Blindness
Advance Organizer
Weakest Link
18. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled than common things.
Chunking
Chunking
Von Restorff Effect
Alignment
19. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. Good mapping between controls and their effects results in greater ease of use. pg 152 ex: segway controls
Gutenberg Diagram
Mapping
Chunking
Storytelling
20. A tendency to seek consistency among attitudes - thoughts - and beliefs. pg 46 ex: AOL
Serial Position Effects
Recognition Over Recall
Inattentional Blindness
Cognitive Dissonance
21. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way. pg 52 ex infographics with more than one element.
Proximity
Advance Organizer
Recognition Over Recall
Comparison
22. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors. pg 174 ex: video games
Comparison
Area Alignment
Operant Conditioning
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
23. The usability of a system is improved when it's status and methods of use are clearly visible. pg 250 ex: three mile island
Common Fate
Law of Pragnanz
Visibility
Proximity
24. The failure to cognatively process a stimulus that is presented in clear view - leaving the observer without any awareness or memory of the stimulus. pg 136 ex: basketball passing and the gorilla.
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Figure-Ground Relationship
Inattentional Blindness
Affordance
25. A high percentage of effects in any large system are caused by a low percentage of variables. pg 14
80/20 Rule
Chunking
Weakest Link
Visibility
26. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur. pg 104 ex: photoshop's history palette. NOTE: Good affordances - reversibility of actions - confermation of intent - warnings - and help are
Area Alignment
Alignment
Comparison
Forgiveness
27. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things. pg 200 ex: multiple choice tests
Common Fate
Recognition Over Recall
Operant Conditioning
Gutenberg Diagram
28. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than the items in the middle of a list. pg 220
Mapping
Picture Superiority Effect
Serial Position Effects
Von Restorff Effect
29. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience. pg 230
Storytelling
Proximity
Weakest Link
Area Alignment
30. An instructional technique that helps people understand new information in terms of what they already know. There are two kinds - expository - and comparative. pg 18
Advance Organizer
Iconic Representation
Area Alignment
Visibility
31. The use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements from damage. pg 262 ex crumple zones on a car
80/20 Rule
Area Alignment
Weakest Link
Recognition Over Recall
32. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. Good mapping between controls and their effects results in greater ease of use. pg 152 ex: segway controls
Alignment
Mapping
80/20 Rule
Chunking
33. Elements that are close together are perceived to be more related than the elements further apart. pg 196 ex: window controls
Serial Position Effects
Proximity
80/20 Rule
Signal-to-noise Ratio
34. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used. pg 148
Legibility
Iconic Representation
Law of Pragnanz
Visibility
35. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience. pg 230
Affordance
Comparison
Anthropomorphic Form
Storytelling
36. Alignment based on the area of elements versus the edges of elements. pg 30 ex: sihlouettes in a line.
Storytelling
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Advance Organizer
Area Alignment
37. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or 'chunks' so that the info is easier to process and remember. pg 40 ex: section headers
80/20 Rule
Alignment
Chunking
Common Fate
38. Elements that move in the same direction are percieved to be more related than elements that move in different ones or are stationary. pg 50 ex: radar tracking displays
Gutenberg Diagram
Common Fate
Iconic Representation
Alignment
39. Ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. pg 224 ex: infographics
80/20 Rule
Advance Organizer
Inattentional Blindness
Signal-to-noise Ratio
40. Elements that are close together are perceived to be more related than the elements further apart. pg 196 ex: window controls
Proximity
Legibility
Anthropomorphic Form
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
41. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and complete - versus complex and incomplete. pg 144 ex: emoticons
Gutenberg Diagram
Law of Pragnanz
Serial Position Effects
Figure-Ground Relationship
42. Pictures are remembered better than words. pg 184 ex: ads with pictures are easier to look at.
Common Fate
Iconic Representation
Closure
Picture Superiority Effect
43. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur. pg 104 ex: photoshop's history palette. NOTE: Good affordances - reversibility of actions - confermation of intent - warnings - and help are
Serial Position Effects
Operant Conditioning
Von Restorff Effect
Forgiveness
44. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used. pg 148
Weakest Link
Legibility
Law of Pragnanz
Chunking
45. The usability of a system is improved when it's status and methods of use are clearly visible. pg 250 ex: three mile island
80/20 Rule
Visibility
Storytelling
Mapping
46. A property in which the physical characteristics of an object influence it's function. pg 22
Weakest Link
Storytelling
Affordance
Von Restorff Effect
47. A tendency to seek consistency among attitudes - thoughts - and beliefs. pg 46 ex: AOL
Mapping
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Cognitive Dissonance
Von Restorff Effect
48. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and complete - versus complex and incomplete. pg 144 ex: emoticons
Affordance
Recognition Over Recall
Advance Organizer
Law of Pragnanz
49. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way. pg 52 ex infographics with more than one element.
Visibility
Comparison
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Iconic Representation
50. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information. It splits a display medium into a primary optical area (top left) - terminal (bottom right) - strong fallow area (top righ
Comparison
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Operant Conditioning
Gutenberg Diagram