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Test your basic knowledge |
Principles Of Design
Subject
:
design
Instructions:
Answer
50
questions in
20 minutes
.
2 minutes extra for reading the instructions.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur. pg 104 ex: photoshop's history palette. NOTE: Good affordances - reversibility of actions - confermation of intent - warnings - and help are
Forgiveness
Inattentional Blindness
Von Restorff Effect
Weakest Link
2. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or 'chunks' so that the info is easier to process and remember. pg 40 ex: section headers
Chunking
Recognition Over Recall
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Serial Position Effects
3. The use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements from damage. pg 262 ex crumple zones on a car
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Weakest Link
Chunking
Forgiveness
4. Alignment based on the area of elements versus the edges of elements. pg 30 ex: sihlouettes in a line.
Common Fate
Law of Pragnanz
Affordance
Area Alignment
5. A tendency to find forms that appear humanoid or exhibit humanlike characteristics appealing. pg 26 ex: cocacola bottle
Iconic Representation
Anthropomorphic Form
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Storytelling
6. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled than common things.
Affordance
Von Restorff Effect
Cognitive Dissonance
Forgiveness
7. The use of pictoral images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls. pg 132 ex: street signs
Gutenberg Diagram
Iconic Representation
Law of Pragnanz
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
8. Elements are percieved as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field). Characteristics of figure include defined shape - seeming closer with a clear location - below the horizon line - and lower regional placement.
Figure-Ground Relationship
Mapping
Iconic Representation
Von Restorff Effect
9. A tendency to find forms that appear humanoid or exhibit humanlike characteristics appealing. pg 26 ex: cocacola bottle
Operant Conditioning
Advance Organizer
Serial Position Effects
Anthropomorphic Form
10. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used. pg 148
Closure
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Legibility
Iconic Representation
11. The usability of a system is improved when it's status and methods of use are clearly visible. pg 250 ex: three mile island
Law of Pragnanz
Von Restorff Effect
Visibility
Common Fate
12. The failure to cognatively process a stimulus that is presented in clear view - leaving the observer without any awareness or memory of the stimulus. pg 136 ex: basketball passing and the gorilla.
Iconic Representation
Alignment
Von Restorff Effect
Inattentional Blindness
13. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way. pg 52 ex infographics with more than one element.
Figure-Ground Relationship
Chunking
Comparison
Weakest Link
14. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used. pg 148
Inattentional Blindness
Legibility
Alignment
Common Fate
15. The use of pictoral images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls. pg 132 ex: street signs
Proximity
Iconic Representation
Law of Pragnanz
Mapping
16. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things. pg 200 ex: multiple choice tests
Anthropomorphic Form
Alignment
Von Restorff Effect
Recognition Over Recall
17. Elements that move in the same direction are percieved to be more related than elements that move in different ones or are stationary. pg 50 ex: radar tracking displays
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Common Fate
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Von Restorff Effect
18. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and complete - versus complex and incomplete. pg 144 ex: emoticons
Common Fate
Comparison
Law of Pragnanz
Figure-Ground Relationship
19. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors. pg 174 ex: video games
Figure-Ground Relationship
Operant Conditioning
Proximity
Visibility
20. The placement of elements such that edges line up along common rows or columns - or their bodies along a common center. pg 24 ex: ballot
Inattentional Blindness
Cognitive Dissonance
Mapping
Alignment
21. A high percentage of effects in any large system are caused by a low percentage of variables. pg 14
Weakest Link
Von Restorff Effect
Visibility
80/20 Rule
22. Elements that are close together are perceived to be more related than the elements further apart. pg 196 ex: window controls
Forgiveness
Cognitive Dissonance
Area Alignment
Proximity
23. Pictures are remembered better than words. pg 184 ex: ads with pictures are easier to look at.
Picture Superiority Effect
Inattentional Blindness
Forgiveness
Weakest Link
24. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. Good mapping between controls and their effects results in greater ease of use. pg 152 ex: segway controls
Mapping
Anthropomorphic Form
Visibility
Chunking
25. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information. It splits a display medium into a primary optical area (top left) - terminal (bottom right) - strong fallow area (top righ
Chunking
Comparison
Law of Pragnanz
Gutenberg Diagram
26. Pictures are remembered better than words. pg 184 ex: ads with pictures are easier to look at.
Cognitive Dissonance
Picture Superiority Effect
Law of Pragnanz
Visibility
27. Ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. pg 224 ex: infographics
Advance Organizer
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Storytelling
Affordance
28. Elements that are close together are perceived to be more related than the elements further apart. pg 196 ex: window controls
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Comparison
Proximity
Common Fate
29. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and complete - versus complex and incomplete. pg 144 ex: emoticons
Von Restorff Effect
Inattentional Blindness
Serial Position Effects
Law of Pragnanz
30. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors. pg 174 ex: video games
Proximity
Operant Conditioning
Area Alignment
Common Fate
31. As the flexibility of a system increases - the usability of the system decreases. pg 102 ex: remote controls; #of buttons vs ease of use.
Alignment
Proximity
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Serial Position Effects
32. Ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. pg 224 ex: infographics
Alignment
Iconic Representation
Storytelling
Signal-to-noise Ratio
33. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things. pg 200 ex: multiple choice tests
Legibility
Recognition Over Recall
Weakest Link
Closure
34. Alignment based on the area of elements versus the edges of elements. pg 30 ex: sihlouettes in a line.
Area Alignment
Forgiveness
Recognition Over Recall
Comparison
35. A property in which the physical characteristics of an object influence it's function. pg 22
Von Restorff Effect
80/20 Rule
Proximity
Affordance
36. A high percentage of effects in any large system are caused by a low percentage of variables. pg 14
Weakest Link
80/20 Rule
Law of Pragnanz
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
37. Elements are percieved as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field). Characteristics of figure include defined shape - seeming closer with a clear location - below the horizon line - and lower regional placement.
Figure-Ground Relationship
Advance Organizer
Alignment
Signal-to-noise Ratio
38. The placement of elements such that edges line up along common rows or columns - or their bodies along a common center. pg 24 ex: ballot
Common Fate
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Alignment
Proximity
39. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than the items in the middle of a list. pg 220
Serial Position Effects
Inattentional Blindness
Anthropomorphic Form
Signal-to-noise Ratio
40. A property in which the physical characteristics of an object influence it's function. pg 22
Mapping
Closure
Affordance
Law of Pragnanz
41. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or 'chunks' so that the info is easier to process and remember. pg 40 ex: section headers
Weakest Link
Area Alignment
Cognitive Dissonance
Chunking
42. The usability of a system is improved when it's status and methods of use are clearly visible. pg 250 ex: three mile island
Mapping
Visibility
Storytelling
Common Fate
43. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. Good mapping between controls and their effects results in greater ease of use. pg 152 ex: segway controls
Operant Conditioning
Serial Position Effects
Mapping
Closure
44. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information. It splits a display medium into a primary optical area (top left) - terminal (bottom right) - strong fallow area (top righ
Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive Dissonance
Inattentional Blindness
Gutenberg Diagram
45. The failure to cognatively process a stimulus that is presented in clear view - leaving the observer without any awareness or memory of the stimulus. pg 136 ex: basketball passing and the gorilla.
Von Restorff Effect
Affordance
Figure-Ground Relationship
Inattentional Blindness
46. A tendency to see a set of individual elements as a single rcognizable pattern - rather than multiple individual elements. pg 44 ex: wwf panda
Closure
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Comparison
Iconic Representation
47. A tendency to seek consistency among attitudes - thoughts - and beliefs. pg 46 ex: AOL
Affordance
Gutenberg Diagram
Law of Pragnanz
Cognitive Dissonance
48. As the flexibility of a system increases - the usability of the system decreases. pg 102 ex: remote controls; #of buttons vs ease of use.
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Legibility
Operant Conditioning
Common Fate
49. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than the items in the middle of a list. pg 220
80/20 Rule
Serial Position Effects
Proximity
Law of Pragnanz
50. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled than common things.
Comparison
Forgiveness
Comparison
Von Restorff Effect