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Test your basic knowledge |
Principles Of Design
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
design
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A tendency to find forms that appear humanoid or exhibit humanlike characteristics appealing. pg 26 ex: cocacola bottle
Anthropomorphic Form
Affordance
Mapping
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
2. The placement of elements such that edges line up along common rows or columns - or their bodies along a common center. pg 24 ex: ballot
Recognition Over Recall
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Closure
Alignment
3. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or 'chunks' so that the info is easier to process and remember. pg 40 ex: section headers
Chunking
Closure
Affordance
Closure
4. A property in which the physical characteristics of an object influence it's function. pg 22
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Visibility
Forgiveness
Affordance
5. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used. pg 148
Recognition Over Recall
Legibility
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Figure-Ground Relationship
6. The usability of a system is improved when it's status and methods of use are clearly visible. pg 250 ex: three mile island
Visibility
Proximity
Law of Pragnanz
Anthropomorphic Form
7. Elements that are close together are perceived to be more related than the elements further apart. pg 196 ex: window controls
Weakest Link
Serial Position Effects
Proximity
Common Fate
8. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and complete - versus complex and incomplete. pg 144 ex: emoticons
Law of Pragnanz
Picture Superiority Effect
Proximity
Figure-Ground Relationship
9. Elements are percieved as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field). Characteristics of figure include defined shape - seeming closer with a clear location - below the horizon line - and lower regional placement.
Von Restorff Effect
Advance Organizer
Iconic Representation
Figure-Ground Relationship
10. A high percentage of effects in any large system are caused by a low percentage of variables. pg 14
80/20 Rule
Closure
Gutenberg Diagram
Picture Superiority Effect
11. An instructional technique that helps people understand new information in terms of what they already know. There are two kinds - expository - and comparative. pg 18
Cognitive Dissonance
Forgiveness
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Advance Organizer
12. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors. pg 174 ex: video games
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Operant Conditioning
Mapping
Common Fate
13. A tendency to see a set of individual elements as a single rcognizable pattern - rather than multiple individual elements. pg 44 ex: wwf panda
Visibility
Common Fate
Closure
Operant Conditioning
14. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way. pg 52 ex infographics with more than one element.
Recognition Over Recall
Comparison
Mapping
Law of Pragnanz
15. As the flexibility of a system increases - the usability of the system decreases. pg 102 ex: remote controls; #of buttons vs ease of use.
Von Restorff Effect
Picture Superiority Effect
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Common Fate
16. The use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements from damage. pg 262 ex crumple zones on a car
Comparison
Affordance
Weakest Link
Closure
17. The placement of elements such that edges line up along common rows or columns - or their bodies along a common center. pg 24 ex: ballot
Visibility
Alignment
Common Fate
Closure
18. The use of pictoral images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls. pg 132 ex: street signs
Storytelling
Closure
Iconic Representation
Storytelling
19. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way. pg 52 ex infographics with more than one element.
Mapping
Advance Organizer
Comparison
Storytelling
20. Pictures are remembered better than words. pg 184 ex: ads with pictures are easier to look at.
Storytelling
Visibility
Picture Superiority Effect
Closure
21. A property in which the physical characteristics of an object influence it's function. pg 22
Figure-Ground Relationship
Inattentional Blindness
Affordance
Recognition Over Recall
22. The usability of a system is improved when it's status and methods of use are clearly visible. pg 250 ex: three mile island
80/20 Rule
Visibility
Advance Organizer
Law of Pragnanz
23. Ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. pg 224 ex: infographics
Area Alignment
Affordance
Law of Pragnanz
Signal-to-noise Ratio
24. Pictures are remembered better than words. pg 184 ex: ads with pictures are easier to look at.
Affordance
Weakest Link
Picture Superiority Effect
Alignment
25. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled than common things.
Von Restorff Effect
Anthropomorphic Form
Affordance
Alignment
26. An instructional technique that helps people understand new information in terms of what they already know. There are two kinds - expository - and comparative. pg 18
Chunking
Affordance
Advance Organizer
Closure
27. As the flexibility of a system increases - the usability of the system decreases. pg 102 ex: remote controls; #of buttons vs ease of use.
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Forgiveness
Legibility
Alignment
28. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than the items in the middle of a list. pg 220
Iconic Representation
Common Fate
Serial Position Effects
Affordance
29. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than the items in the middle of a list. pg 220
Figure-Ground Relationship
Chunking
Storytelling
Serial Position Effects
30. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. Good mapping between controls and their effects results in greater ease of use. pg 152 ex: segway controls
Anthropomorphic Form
Mapping
Inattentional Blindness
Legibility
31. A tendency to find forms that appear humanoid or exhibit humanlike characteristics appealing. pg 26 ex: cocacola bottle
Recognition Over Recall
Storytelling
Anthropomorphic Form
Weakest Link
32. Alignment based on the area of elements versus the edges of elements. pg 30 ex: sihlouettes in a line.
Legibility
Affordance
Gutenberg Diagram
Area Alignment
33. A tendency to seek consistency among attitudes - thoughts - and beliefs. pg 46 ex: AOL
Law of Pragnanz
Cognitive Dissonance
Figure-Ground Relationship
Chunking
34. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled than common things.
Cognitive Dissonance
Common Fate
Proximity
Von Restorff Effect
35. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information. It splits a display medium into a primary optical area (top left) - terminal (bottom right) - strong fallow area (top righ
Area Alignment
Comparison
Gutenberg Diagram
Visibility
36. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors. pg 174 ex: video games
Operant Conditioning
Figure-Ground Relationship
Picture Superiority Effect
Iconic Representation
37. A tendency to seek consistency among attitudes - thoughts - and beliefs. pg 46 ex: AOL
Cognitive Dissonance
Von Restorff Effect
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Legibility
38. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things. pg 200 ex: multiple choice tests
Visibility
Cognitive Dissonance
Law of Pragnanz
Recognition Over Recall
39. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur. pg 104 ex: photoshop's history palette. NOTE: Good affordances - reversibility of actions - confermation of intent - warnings - and help are
Affordance
Alignment
Forgiveness
Legibility
40. Elements that are close together are perceived to be more related than the elements further apart. pg 196 ex: window controls
Mapping
Inattentional Blindness
Proximity
Closure
41. Elements that move in the same direction are percieved to be more related than elements that move in different ones or are stationary. pg 50 ex: radar tracking displays
Common Fate
Visibility
Closure
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
42. The failure to cognatively process a stimulus that is presented in clear view - leaving the observer without any awareness or memory of the stimulus. pg 136 ex: basketball passing and the gorilla.
Anthropomorphic Form
Inattentional Blindness
80/20 Rule
Recognition Over Recall
43. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things. pg 200 ex: multiple choice tests
Storytelling
Alignment
Iconic Representation
Recognition Over Recall
44. Ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. pg 224 ex: infographics
Advance Organizer
Affordance
Legibility
Signal-to-noise Ratio
45. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience. pg 230
Cognitive Dissonance
Alignment
80/20 Rule
Storytelling
46. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information. It splits a display medium into a primary optical area (top left) - terminal (bottom right) - strong fallow area (top righ
Closure
Figure-Ground Relationship
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Gutenberg Diagram
47. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur. pg 104 ex: photoshop's history palette. NOTE: Good affordances - reversibility of actions - confermation of intent - warnings - and help are
Advance Organizer
Forgiveness
Von Restorff Effect
Figure-Ground Relationship
48. A high percentage of effects in any large system are caused by a low percentage of variables. pg 14
Recognition Over Recall
80/20 Rule
Weakest Link
Figure-Ground Relationship
49. A tendency to see a set of individual elements as a single rcognizable pattern - rather than multiple individual elements. pg 44 ex: wwf panda
Closure
Common Fate
Proximity
Figure-Ground Relationship
50. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. Good mapping between controls and their effects results in greater ease of use. pg 152 ex: segway controls
Law of Pragnanz
Forgiveness
Forgiveness
Mapping