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Test your basic knowledge |
Principles Of Design
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
design
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. Good mapping between controls and their effects results in greater ease of use. pg 152 ex: segway controls
Von Restorff Effect
Serial Position Effects
Mapping
Comparison
2. A property in which the physical characteristics of an object influence it's function. pg 22
Affordance
Legibility
Figure-Ground Relationship
Iconic Representation
3. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or 'chunks' so that the info is easier to process and remember. pg 40 ex: section headers
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Inattentional Blindness
Weakest Link
Chunking
4. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than the items in the middle of a list. pg 220
Area Alignment
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Gutenberg Diagram
Serial Position Effects
5. Elements that move in the same direction are percieved to be more related than elements that move in different ones or are stationary. pg 50 ex: radar tracking displays
Affordance
Alignment
Common Fate
Law of Pragnanz
6. Ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. pg 224 ex: infographics
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Operant Conditioning
Alignment
Proximity
7. As the flexibility of a system increases - the usability of the system decreases. pg 102 ex: remote controls; #of buttons vs ease of use.
Common Fate
Storytelling
Alignment
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
8. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled than common things.
Proximity
Von Restorff Effect
Forgiveness
Gutenberg Diagram
9. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience. pg 230
Picture Superiority Effect
Storytelling
Area Alignment
Common Fate
10. Elements are percieved as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field). Characteristics of figure include defined shape - seeming closer with a clear location - below the horizon line - and lower regional placement.
Inattentional Blindness
Anthropomorphic Form
Comparison
Figure-Ground Relationship
11. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur. pg 104 ex: photoshop's history palette. NOTE: Good affordances - reversibility of actions - confermation of intent - warnings - and help are
Affordance
Operant Conditioning
Mapping
Forgiveness
12. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used. pg 148
Legibility
80/20 Rule
Chunking
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
13. A high percentage of effects in any large system are caused by a low percentage of variables. pg 14
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
80/20 Rule
Cognitive Dissonance
Legibility
14. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and complete - versus complex and incomplete. pg 144 ex: emoticons
Law of Pragnanz
Picture Superiority Effect
Storytelling
Anthropomorphic Form
15. Elements are percieved as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field). Characteristics of figure include defined shape - seeming closer with a clear location - below the horizon line - and lower regional placement.
Recognition Over Recall
Closure
Figure-Ground Relationship
Forgiveness
16. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information. It splits a display medium into a primary optical area (top left) - terminal (bottom right) - strong fallow area (top righ
Chunking
Gutenberg Diagram
Anthropomorphic Form
Iconic Representation
17. The failure to cognatively process a stimulus that is presented in clear view - leaving the observer without any awareness or memory of the stimulus. pg 136 ex: basketball passing and the gorilla.
Mapping
Inattentional Blindness
Chunking
Serial Position Effects
18. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way. pg 52 ex infographics with more than one element.
Recognition Over Recall
Comparison
80/20 Rule
Advance Organizer
19. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. Good mapping between controls and their effects results in greater ease of use. pg 152 ex: segway controls
Law of Pragnanz
Mapping
80/20 Rule
Recognition Over Recall
20. The placement of elements such that edges line up along common rows or columns - or their bodies along a common center. pg 24 ex: ballot
Forgiveness
Visibility
Common Fate
Alignment
21. As the flexibility of a system increases - the usability of the system decreases. pg 102 ex: remote controls; #of buttons vs ease of use.
Forgiveness
Comparison
Inattentional Blindness
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
22. A tendency to find forms that appear humanoid or exhibit humanlike characteristics appealing. pg 26 ex: cocacola bottle
Picture Superiority Effect
Visibility
Inattentional Blindness
Anthropomorphic Form
23. The usability of a system is improved when it's status and methods of use are clearly visible. pg 250 ex: three mile island
Visibility
Storytelling
Anthropomorphic Form
Iconic Representation
24. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or 'chunks' so that the info is easier to process and remember. pg 40 ex: section headers
Comparison
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Inattentional Blindness
Chunking
25. Elements that move in the same direction are percieved to be more related than elements that move in different ones or are stationary. pg 50 ex: radar tracking displays
Area Alignment
Common Fate
Serial Position Effects
Alignment
26. A tendency to seek consistency among attitudes - thoughts - and beliefs. pg 46 ex: AOL
Cognitive Dissonance
Area Alignment
Legibility
Picture Superiority Effect
27. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience. pg 230
Storytelling
Recognition Over Recall
80/20 Rule
Advance Organizer
28. The use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements from damage. pg 262 ex crumple zones on a car
Serial Position Effects
80/20 Rule
Weakest Link
Signal-to-noise Ratio
29. Pictures are remembered better than words. pg 184 ex: ads with pictures are easier to look at.
Storytelling
Advance Organizer
Comparison
Picture Superiority Effect
30. The usability of a system is improved when it's status and methods of use are clearly visible. pg 250 ex: three mile island
Gutenberg Diagram
Visibility
Cognitive Dissonance
Area Alignment
31. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled than common things.
Visibility
Mapping
Serial Position Effects
Von Restorff Effect
32. The use of pictoral images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls. pg 132 ex: street signs
Closure
Law of Pragnanz
Iconic Representation
Gutenberg Diagram
33. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors. pg 174 ex: video games
Operant Conditioning
Cognitive Dissonance
Weakest Link
Proximity
34. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than the items in the middle of a list. pg 220
Visibility
Operant Conditioning
Serial Position Effects
Inattentional Blindness
35. A tendency to see a set of individual elements as a single rcognizable pattern - rather than multiple individual elements. pg 44 ex: wwf panda
Law of Pragnanz
Gutenberg Diagram
Figure-Ground Relationship
Closure
36. Ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. pg 224 ex: infographics
Picture Superiority Effect
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Advance Organizer
Forgiveness
37. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information. It splits a display medium into a primary optical area (top left) - terminal (bottom right) - strong fallow area (top righ
Proximity
Alignment
Gutenberg Diagram
80/20 Rule
38. Pictures are remembered better than words. pg 184 ex: ads with pictures are easier to look at.
Common Fate
Picture Superiority Effect
Serial Position Effects
Weakest Link
39. An instructional technique that helps people understand new information in terms of what they already know. There are two kinds - expository - and comparative. pg 18
Forgiveness
Advance Organizer
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Recognition Over Recall
40. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things. pg 200 ex: multiple choice tests
80/20 Rule
Weakest Link
Recognition Over Recall
Iconic Representation
41. Alignment based on the area of elements versus the edges of elements. pg 30 ex: sihlouettes in a line.
Storytelling
Area Alignment
Recognition Over Recall
Figure-Ground Relationship
42. A tendency to find forms that appear humanoid or exhibit humanlike characteristics appealing. pg 26 ex: cocacola bottle
Inattentional Blindness
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Anthropomorphic Form
Picture Superiority Effect
43. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and complete - versus complex and incomplete. pg 144 ex: emoticons
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Law of Pragnanz
Inattentional Blindness
Cognitive Dissonance
44. Elements that are close together are perceived to be more related than the elements further apart. pg 196 ex: window controls
Alignment
Legibility
Proximity
Iconic Representation
45. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things. pg 200 ex: multiple choice tests
Recognition Over Recall
Picture Superiority Effect
Gutenberg Diagram
Figure-Ground Relationship
46. A property in which the physical characteristics of an object influence it's function. pg 22
Weakest Link
Cognitive Dissonance
Affordance
Proximity
47. A high percentage of effects in any large system are caused by a low percentage of variables. pg 14
Storytelling
Inattentional Blindness
80/20 Rule
Serial Position Effects
48. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used. pg 148
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Proximity
Common Fate
Legibility
49. Alignment based on the area of elements versus the edges of elements. pg 30 ex: sihlouettes in a line.
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Gutenberg Diagram
Area Alignment
Affordance
50. Elements that are close together are perceived to be more related than the elements further apart. pg 196 ex: window controls
Recognition Over Recall
Anthropomorphic Form
Law of Pragnanz
Proximity