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Test your basic knowledge |
Principles Of Design
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
design
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements from damage. pg 262 ex crumple zones on a car
Visibility
Figure-Ground Relationship
Proximity
Weakest Link
2. The use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements from damage. pg 262 ex crumple zones on a car
Advance Organizer
Picture Superiority Effect
Weakest Link
Recognition Over Recall
3. A tendency to find forms that appear humanoid or exhibit humanlike characteristics appealing. pg 26 ex: cocacola bottle
80/20 Rule
Area Alignment
Area Alignment
Anthropomorphic Form
4. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and complete - versus complex and incomplete. pg 144 ex: emoticons
Operant Conditioning
Proximity
Law of Pragnanz
Chunking
5. Elements are percieved as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field). Characteristics of figure include defined shape - seeming closer with a clear location - below the horizon line - and lower regional placement.
Law of Pragnanz
Common Fate
Von Restorff Effect
Figure-Ground Relationship
6. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than the items in the middle of a list. pg 220
Serial Position Effects
Chunking
80/20 Rule
Forgiveness
7. The failure to cognatively process a stimulus that is presented in clear view - leaving the observer without any awareness or memory of the stimulus. pg 136 ex: basketball passing and the gorilla.
Comparison
Inattentional Blindness
Picture Superiority Effect
Comparison
8. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and complete - versus complex and incomplete. pg 144 ex: emoticons
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Law of Pragnanz
Picture Superiority Effect
Affordance
9. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled than common things.
Von Restorff Effect
Weakest Link
Storytelling
Mapping
10. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or 'chunks' so that the info is easier to process and remember. pg 40 ex: section headers
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Law of Pragnanz
Chunking
Visibility
11. A high percentage of effects in any large system are caused by a low percentage of variables. pg 14
80/20 Rule
Mapping
Cognitive Dissonance
Anthropomorphic Form
12. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur. pg 104 ex: photoshop's history palette. NOTE: Good affordances - reversibility of actions - confermation of intent - warnings - and help are
Forgiveness
Affordance
Law of Pragnanz
Visibility
13. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things. pg 200 ex: multiple choice tests
Inattentional Blindness
Alignment
Recognition Over Recall
Comparison
14. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled than common things.
Serial Position Effects
Von Restorff Effect
Area Alignment
Common Fate
15. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than the items in the middle of a list. pg 220
Law of Pragnanz
Serial Position Effects
Operant Conditioning
Weakest Link
16. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience. pg 230
Mapping
Picture Superiority Effect
Storytelling
Comparison
17. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used. pg 148
Legibility
Law of Pragnanz
Inattentional Blindness
Common Fate
18. A property in which the physical characteristics of an object influence it's function. pg 22
Mapping
Affordance
Mapping
Picture Superiority Effect
19. Elements that are close together are perceived to be more related than the elements further apart. pg 196 ex: window controls
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Weakest Link
Proximity
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
20. The use of pictoral images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls. pg 132 ex: street signs
Comparison
Area Alignment
Iconic Representation
Weakest Link
21. A tendency to seek consistency among attitudes - thoughts - and beliefs. pg 46 ex: AOL
Closure
Proximity
Forgiveness
Cognitive Dissonance
22. A tendency to see a set of individual elements as a single rcognizable pattern - rather than multiple individual elements. pg 44 ex: wwf panda
Figure-Ground Relationship
Figure-Ground Relationship
Closure
Gutenberg Diagram
23. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used. pg 148
Anthropomorphic Form
Affordance
Legibility
Law of Pragnanz
24. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or 'chunks' so that the info is easier to process and remember. pg 40 ex: section headers
Cognitive Dissonance
Law of Pragnanz
Chunking
Storytelling
25. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information. It splits a display medium into a primary optical area (top left) - terminal (bottom right) - strong fallow area (top righ
Legibility
Gutenberg Diagram
Serial Position Effects
Cognitive Dissonance
26. Ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. pg 224 ex: infographics
Picture Superiority Effect
Inattentional Blindness
Affordance
Signal-to-noise Ratio
27. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors. pg 174 ex: video games
Von Restorff Effect
Von Restorff Effect
Common Fate
Operant Conditioning
28. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience. pg 230
Storytelling
Serial Position Effects
Law of Pragnanz
Inattentional Blindness
29. Alignment based on the area of elements versus the edges of elements. pg 30 ex: sihlouettes in a line.
Area Alignment
Weakest Link
Closure
Forgiveness
30. The use of pictoral images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls. pg 132 ex: street signs
Serial Position Effects
Iconic Representation
Chunking
Forgiveness
31. As the flexibility of a system increases - the usability of the system decreases. pg 102 ex: remote controls; #of buttons vs ease of use.
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Anthropomorphic Form
Legibility
Closure
32. A tendency to find forms that appear humanoid or exhibit humanlike characteristics appealing. pg 26 ex: cocacola bottle
Anthropomorphic Form
Serial Position Effects
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Figure-Ground Relationship
33. A high percentage of effects in any large system are caused by a low percentage of variables. pg 14
Picture Superiority Effect
80/20 Rule
Operant Conditioning
Forgiveness
34. As the flexibility of a system increases - the usability of the system decreases. pg 102 ex: remote controls; #of buttons vs ease of use.
Closure
Law of Pragnanz
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Cognitive Dissonance
35. The placement of elements such that edges line up along common rows or columns - or their bodies along a common center. pg 24 ex: ballot
Iconic Representation
Storytelling
Alignment
Law of Pragnanz
36. Pictures are remembered better than words. pg 184 ex: ads with pictures are easier to look at.
Advance Organizer
Anthropomorphic Form
Comparison
Picture Superiority Effect
37. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors. pg 174 ex: video games
Forgiveness
Operant Conditioning
Affordance
Von Restorff Effect
38. An instructional technique that helps people understand new information in terms of what they already know. There are two kinds - expository - and comparative. pg 18
Advance Organizer
Weakest Link
Cognitive Dissonance
Law of Pragnanz
39. Elements that are close together are perceived to be more related than the elements further apart. pg 196 ex: window controls
80/20 Rule
Gutenberg Diagram
Inattentional Blindness
Proximity
40. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things. pg 200 ex: multiple choice tests
Recognition Over Recall
Area Alignment
Operant Conditioning
Closure
41. Pictures are remembered better than words. pg 184 ex: ads with pictures are easier to look at.
Chunking
Picture Superiority Effect
Closure
Von Restorff Effect
42. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way. pg 52 ex infographics with more than one element.
Inattentional Blindness
Comparison
Visibility
Figure-Ground Relationship
43. Elements that move in the same direction are percieved to be more related than elements that move in different ones or are stationary. pg 50 ex: radar tracking displays
Law of Pragnanz
Alignment
Inattentional Blindness
Common Fate
44. The failure to cognatively process a stimulus that is presented in clear view - leaving the observer without any awareness or memory of the stimulus. pg 136 ex: basketball passing and the gorilla.
Closure
Figure-Ground Relationship
Inattentional Blindness
Legibility
45. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur. pg 104 ex: photoshop's history palette. NOTE: Good affordances - reversibility of actions - confermation of intent - warnings - and help are
Operant Conditioning
Gutenberg Diagram
Anthropomorphic Form
Forgiveness
46. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information. It splits a display medium into a primary optical area (top left) - terminal (bottom right) - strong fallow area (top righ
Law of Pragnanz
Gutenberg Diagram
Proximity
Von Restorff Effect
47. Elements are percieved as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field). Characteristics of figure include defined shape - seeming closer with a clear location - below the horizon line - and lower regional placement.
Comparison
Figure-Ground Relationship
Recognition Over Recall
Alignment
48. Ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. pg 224 ex: infographics
Operant Conditioning
Legibility
Signal-to-noise Ratio
Affordance
49. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. Good mapping between controls and their effects results in greater ease of use. pg 152 ex: segway controls
Gutenberg Diagram
Anthropomorphic Form
Mapping
Law of Pragnanz
50. A tendency to seek consistency among attitudes - thoughts - and beliefs. pg 46 ex: AOL
Flexibiliby-Usability Tradeoff
Law of Pragnanz
Common Fate
Cognitive Dissonance