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Psychiatry

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Shaping (social learning)
repetitive and pervasive behavior violating social norms - disorder - and name change after 18
behavior achieved following reward of closer and closer approximations of desired behavior
the goal of the ego defenses
dramatic - emotional or erratic

2. Negative reinforcement
removal of aversive stimulus elicits behavior - mouse presses button to avoid shock
the definition of alcoholism
depressant withdrawal - nonspecific
the most common psychiatric illness on medical and surgical floors and the most common cause of this pyschiatric disorder

3. Somatization disorder
maladaptive pattern leading to clinically significant impairment or distress
fear that is excessive or unreasonable and interferes with with nl fxn - cued by presence or antiicipation of a specific object or situatio - person recognizes fear is excessive
variety of complaints in multiple organ symptoms - pain - GI - sexual - pseudo neurologic over years
illness in a child is caused by a caregiver - motivation is to assume sick role by proxy

4. Substance dependence - tolerance - withdrawal - substance taken in larger amounts over longer time than desired - persistant desire or unsuccesful attempts to cut down - lots of energy spet obtaining - using or recovering from substance - important s
preoccupation with minor or imagined defect in appearance leading to significant emotional distress or impaired functioning
desired reward produces action - mouse presses button for food
intox = impaired judgement - pup dilation - hallucinations (tactile) - paranoid ideations - angina - sudden cardiac death. Withdrawal = suicidality - hypersomnolence - malaise - severe psychological craving
maladaptive pattern of substance use with 3 or more of these 7 criteria

5. Atypical depression
gender autism is more common in
hypersomnia - overeating - mood reactivity - weight gain and sensitivity to rejection
sudden rapid - recurrent - nonrhythmic stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations that persist for >1 yr
behavioral - physiologic - cognitive state caused by cessation or reduction of heavy and prolonged substance use - clinical signs

6. Dissociative amnesia
the associations/complications of bulimia nervosa
the treatment for EtOH intox and withdrawal
Moral values - conscience can lead to self blame and attacks of ego
inbability to recall important personal information - usually subsequent to severe trauma or stress

7. CBT - SSRI - TCI - BDZ
prolonged pain with no physical findings - psychosocial factors play an important role in severity exacerbation or maintenance
the tx for panic disorder
the order of loss of orientation
PANICS

8. Retrograde amnesia
inability to remember things that occurred before CNS insult
Drugs with what kind of affect can lead to a state of delirium
delerium tremens symptoms
temporary - drastic changes in personality - memory or conciousness or motor behavior to avoid emotional stress

9. 85 percent
preoccupation with minor or imagined defect in appearance leading to significant emotional distress or impaired functioning
less than what percentage of ideal body weight is common in anorexia nervosa
heroin users at increased risk of...
Depression

10. Marijuana
intox = euphoria - anxiety - paranoid delusions - perception of slowed time - impaired judgment - social withdrawal - increase appetite - dry mouth hallucinations. Withdrawal = irritability - depression - insomnia - N - anorexia
the complications of alcoholism
the triad of Wernicke's encephalopathy
modeling behavior after another person is more powerful - though not necessarily admired

11. Confusion - opthalmoplegia - and ataxia

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12. Naloxone + buprenorphine - naloxone not active when taken orally only when injected - withdrawal sx only occur if injected cuts down abuse
SAD PERSONS
suboxone and the rational of adding an antagonist
<40 and <20
How long marijuana is detectable in the urine after last use

13. 1-6 months
the tx for panic disorder
avoidance of awareness of a some painful reality
inability to remember things that occurred after CNS insult
the time frame for schizophreniform disorder

14. Antisocial - disregard for others - borderline - unstable - histrionic - excessive emotionality - narcissistic - grandiosity - sense of entiltlement - lacks empathy
the types of cluster B personality disorder
How long infant deprivation can last before it leads to irreversible changes
removal of aversive stimulus elicits behavior - mouse presses button to avoid shock
mediator between primal urges and accepted behavior

15. Munchausen's syndrome by proxy
limited attention span and poor impulse control - hyperactivity - motor impairment - emotional lability
illness in a child is caused by a caregiver - motivation is to assume sick role by proxy
the 3 types of cluster C personality disorder
the typical abuser in physical child abuse

16. To make the patient aware of hidden in their unconcious
recurring - intrussive thoughts - feelings or sensations that cause severe distress - relieved in part by performance of repeititive actions
the central goa of freudian psychoanalysis
patients ability to know who he or she is - what date and time is and wht his or her present circumstances are...
associated with winter season - improves in response to full spectrum light exposure

17. Stress of physical illness - punishment - birth of a new sibling - fatigue (bedwetting in a previously toilet trained child when hospitalized
less than what percentage of ideal body weight is common in anorexia nervosa
the types of cluster B personality disorder
the typical abuser in sexual abuse
Under these conditions do children regress to younger patterns of behavior

18. Cluster A personality disorder
odd or eccentric; inability to develop meaningful social relationships
factors are most important in the etiology of schizophrenia
anterograde amnesia caused by thiamine deficiency
inability to remember things that occurred before CNS insult

19. Flashbacks - nightmares - intense fear - helplessness - or horror - avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma and persistent arousal
Long acting oral opiate for heroine detox or long term maintenance
PANICS
enduring pattern of hostile - defiant behavior towards authority figures in the absence of serious violations of social norms
the common sx of PTSD

20. Delirium
waxing and waning level of conciousness with acute onset leading to rapid decrease in attention span/level of arousal - acute changes in mental status - disorganized thinking - hallucinations etc
reward received after random number of responses - slowly extinguished - slot machine
gender autism is more common in
Alzheimers

21. Dementia
excessive dieting +/- purging - intense fear of gaining weight - body image distortion - increase exercise
hypersomnia - overeating - mood reactivity - weight gain and sensitivity to rejection
Gradual change in cognition with no change in level of conciousness - memory deficits - aphasia - apraxia - loss of abstract thought
Separation of feelings from ideas and events

22. EtOH withdrawal - cocaine abusers
hypersomnia - overeating - mood reactivity - weight gain and sensitivity to rejection
tactile hallucinations common
Schizophrenia
less than what percentage of ideal body weight is common in anorexia nervosa

23. Before 7
pieces of evidence for sexual child abuse
hypersomnia - overeating - mood reactivity - weight gain and sensitivity to rejection
Depression
the age of onset of ADHD

24. Mood stabilizers - Li - valproic acid - carbamazepine - atypical antipsychotics
the tx for opiod intox and withdrawal
intox = marked anxiety or depression - delusions - visual hallucinations - flashbacks and pup dilation
postpartum depressed affect - anxiety - poor concentration - lasts 2 weeks to 2 months - disorder + incidence
the tx for bipolar disorder

25. Depersonalization disorder

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26. LSD
Huntingtons
How long episodes of major depressive episode usually last
patients ability to know who he or she is - what date and time is and wht his or her present circumstances are...
intox = marked anxiety or depression - delusions - visual hallucinations - flashbacks and pup dilation

27. Female primary caregiver
pieces of evidence of physical child abuse
patient conciously fakes or claims to have a disorder in order to gain a specific secondary gain and avoids medical treatmen - complaints cease after gain
the typical abuser in sexual abuse
the typical abuser in physical child abuse

28. Naltrexone and BDZ
the treatment for EtOH intox and withdrawal
Is body weight maintained within nl range in bulimia nervosa
depressant intoxication - nonspecific
intox = ataxia - minor respiratory depression

29. 3000 deaths/yr in the US
suboxone and the rational of adding an antagonist
the epi of physical child abuse
whenhypnagogic hallucinations take place
Where child neglect is reported

30. Normal intel - trouble in school
In ADHD - typical intelligence and school performance
intox = ataxia - minor respiratory depression
persistant feelings of detachment or estrangement from one's own body - a social situation - or the environment
autism with unusual abilities

31. Anaclitic depression - can be reversible or lead to FTT - or developmental disturbances
marked regression in multiple areas of fxn after at least 2 years of nl development - loss of expressive or receptive language skills - social - adaptive behavior - bowel or bladder control - more common in boys
intox = euphoria - anxiety - paranoid delusions - perception of slowed time - impaired judgment - social withdrawal - increase appetite - dry mouth hallucinations. Withdrawal = irritability - depression - insomnia - N - anorexia
depression in an infant attributable to continued separation from caregiver - infant beceomes withdrawn and unresponsive - disorder and prognosis
Anxiety

32. Altruism - mafia boss makes a large donation to charity
Under these conditions do children regress to younger patterns of behavior
How long does the disturbance last in PTSD
exaggerated fear of embarrasment in social situations - disorder and tx
guilty feelings alleviated by unsolicitied generosity towards others

33. 2 or more within a symptom free interval of 2 months
maladaptive pattern leading to clinically significant impairment or distress
intox = ataxia - minor respiratory depression
inflexible - maladaptive - and rigidly pervasive pattern of behavior causing subjective distress and/or impaired functioning - persons usually not aware of problem - presents early in adulthood
Number of major depressive episodes constitute major depressive disorder

34. Paranoid - pervasive distrust - schizoid - voluntary social withdrawal - schitzotypal - eccentric appearance and magical thinking - interpersonal awkwardness
the tx for alcoholism
the various types of cluster A personality disorder
the serum markers of alcohol use
development of delusions in a person in a close relationship with delusional disorder

35. Calculates IQ as mental age/chronological age x 100
Stanford - binet
Long acting oral opiate for heroine detox or long term maintenance
Schizophrenia
misinterpretations of actual external stimulus

36. Transvestism
whering clothes of the opposite sex
reward received after random number of responses - slowly extinguished - slot machine
Where child neglect is reported
the common sx of PTSD

37. Superego - you know you can't have it - taking it is wrong
recurring - intrussive thoughts - feelings or sensations that cause severe distress - relieved in part by performance of repeititive actions
auditory hallucinations common
Moral values - conscience can lead to self blame and attacks of ego
abrupt change in geographic location with inability to recall past - confusion about personal identity - or assumption of a new identity - associated with traumatic circumstances

38. Reaction formation - a patient with libidinous thoughts enters a monastery
maladaptive pattern leading to clinically significant impairment or distress
process whereby avoided ideas and feelings are transferred to some neutral person or object
process whereby a warded off idea or feeling is replaced by an unconsiously derived emphasis on its opposite
whenmen vs women present with schizophrenia

39. Continuous reinforcement schedule
reward received after every response - rapidly extinguished - vending machine
potential tx for nicotine withdrawal
Moral values - conscience can lead to self blame and attacks of ego
the treatments for ADHD

40. 6-12 months
behavior acquired by watching others and assimilating actions into one's own repetoire
limited attention span and poor impulse control - hyperactivity - motor impairment - emotional lability
How long episodes of major depressive episode usually last
What korsakoff's amnesia can lead to - who do you see it in and it also associated with

41. Countertransference
doctor projects feelings about formative or other important persons onto patient
perceptions in the absence of external stimulus
the most common psychiatric illness on medical and surgical floors and the most common cause of this pyschiatric disorder
repetitive and pervasive behavior violating social norms - disorder - and name change after 18

42. Malingering
illness in a child is caused by a caregiver - motivation is to assume sick role by proxy
fixed persistent - nonbizarre belief system lasting >1 month not impaired - self limited
involunatary withholding of an idea or feeling from conscious awareness
patient conciously fakes or claims to have a disorder in order to gain a specific secondary gain and avoids medical treatmen - complaints cease after gain

43. Barbituates
the serum markers of alcohol use
the tx for GAD
intox is marked respiratory depression - intox = delerium - life threatening CV collapse
whering clothes of the opposite sex

44. PCP
the tx for GAD
intox = belligerence - impulsiveness - fever - psychomotor agitation - vertical and horizontal nystagmus - tachycardia - homicidality - psychosis - delirium. Withdrawal = depression - anxiety - irritability - restlessness - anergia - disturbances of
the concern with use of antidepressants in pts with bipoloar disorder
at least 2 weeks of stable mood with psychotic sx plus a major depressive - manic or mixed episode

45. Hepatitis - abscesses - OD - hemorrhoids - AIDS - right sided endocarditits
heroin users at increased risk of...
an enduring repetitive pattern of perceiving - relating to - and thinking about about the environment and oneself
learning in which a natural response is elicited by a conditioned - or learned stimulus that previously was presented in conjuction with an unconditioned stimulus
anxious - fearful

46. Sublimation - actress using an experience of abuse to enhance her acting
belief that people are either all good or all bad at different times due to intolerance or ambiguity
define bipolar disorder and distinguish I from II
learning in which a particular ation is elicited because it produces a reward
process whereby one replaces an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar to the wish but does not conflict with ones value system

47. Supression - not thinking about the USMLE until the week of the exam
intox = impaired judgement - pup dilation - prolonged wakefulness and attention - delusions - hallucinations - fever. Withdrawal = stomach cramps - hunger - hypersomnolence
olfactory hallucinations common
mediator between primal urges and accepted behavior
voluntary withholding of an idea or feeling fromk concious awareness

48. Presence of at least one manic (I) or hypomanic (II) episode - depressive sx occur eventually
exaggerated fear of embarrasment in social situations - disorder and tx
define bipolar disorder and distinguish I from II
Depression
excessive dieting +/- purging - intense fear of gaining weight - body image distortion - increase exercise

49. EtOH - drugs - fluid/lytes imbalance - head trauma - hypoglycemia - nutritional def
auditory hallucinations common
enduring pattern of hostile - defiant behavior towards authority figures in the absence of serious violations of social norms
the common causes of lack or orientation
persistant feelings of detachment or estrangement from one's own body - a social situation - or the environment

50. Dipoloar or depressive
enduring pattern of hostile - defiant behavior towards authority figures in the absence of serious violations of social norms
the two types of schizoaffective disorder
inflexible - maladaptive - and rigidly pervasive pattern of behavior causing subjective distress and/or impaired functioning - persons usually not aware of problem - presents early in adulthood
perceptions in the absence of external stimulus