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Test your basic knowledge |
Public Relations: PR Basics
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Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The media are subordinate to the state - which controls the press and restricts coverage. Example: Iraq under Hussein
guidelines for working with medi
controlled media
authoritarian International media
possible responses to crises
2. They read newspapers to receive advice and guidance for forming and validating an opinion
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
common mistakes in handling crises
opinion maker newspaper reader
situation Analysis( Internal and External)
3. What percentage of crises are 'smoldering?' (building over time)
authoritarian International media
78%
publice service announcement
What to do
4. When a company uses AVE's to save money and look more credible
Examples of traditional media
possible responses to crises
multiplier effect
opinion maker newspaper reader
5. An information line during a crisis - has 2 parts: one that deals directly with the public - one that obtains the information - and needs to be credible before crisis
PR effectivness
AVE (Advertising value equivalency)
information center
reification
6. Research that has already been conducted
pleasure newspaper reader
forms of analysis used when informal methods of research aren't enough
secondary research
the PR process
7. What financially supports cable television?
advertising
types of crises
potential audience
common mistakes in handling crises
8. MOR
weakness and threats strategies
examples of crises
Management by Objectives and Results
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
9. Use present tense - describe situation in measurable terms - do not imply solution or blame for problem - Step 1: Define the Problem. What question do we ask? What is happening now?
weakness and threats strategies
world's largest international news agency
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
information center
10. They read because they see it as a source of enjoyment and a habit
Management by Objectives and Results
pleasure newspaper reader
Management by objectives
strengths and opportunities strategies
11. Media over which you have no direct role in decisions about media content
guidelines for handling a PR crises
information center
uncontrolled media
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
12. Predicting or establishing a desired future goal state - determining what forces will help or hinder movement toward te goal - and formulating a plan for achieving the desired state
strategic thinking
places where one could obtain secondary research
controlled media
qualitative research methods
13. Product recall - fatal accidents - natural disasters - sexual harrassment
guidelines on giving the media the news they want
problem definition
examples of crises
weakness and threats strategies
14. Start with 'To' then use an accomplishment verb - Specify a key outcome to be achieved - State the outcome in quantitative terms - Set a target date for acheiving - Put it in writing and refer to it often
main obstacles in planning
components of the SWOT analysis
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
guidelines for writing a program objective
15. Immediate - like natural disasters or death - Emerging - like sexual harrassment or crime - and Sustained - rumors or down-sizing - scandals
newsworthy event criteria
summative evaluation
quantitative research methods
types of crises
16. Build on org strengths to counter threats in external environments
strengths and threats strategies
guidelines for writing a program objective
additional questions that must be answered through research
to build a relationship with the media
17. Reach older demographics - opinion leaders tend to read the newspaper - impressive breadth in audience - has a large impact on public issues
guidelines for handling a PR crises
revolutionary media
advantages of getting a story in print
communist media
18. Personal contacts - Key informants - community forums - advisory boards - monitor social media
kinds of Informal/Explorative research?
guidelines for Good Media Relations
PR efficiency
tactics
19. Get to know the reporters and editors - understand the constraints under which they operate - and build trust with them--every interaction counts
ways a company can use budgeting for PR
to build a relationship with the media
force field analysis
world's largest international news agency
20. They make decisions to either minimize negative forces or maximize positive forces - that is always their focus
budgeting tips
possible responses to crises
forms of analysis used when informal methods of research aren't enough
force field analysis
21. Defining the Problem (Or Opportunity) - Planning and Programming - Taking Action and Communication - and Evaluating the program
components of the circular PR Management Process
controlled media
Management by objectives
formative evaluation
22. Uses printed word - spoken word - pictures in motion - color - animation - and sound effects...the most powerful medium
summative evaluation
television
PR effectivness
strategic planning
23. Evening TV news - major network news - local newspaper
Examples of traditional media
results of long-range planning
qualitative research methods
television
24. A concise desciption of the situation
big wires in the U.S
problem statement
stakeholder analysis?
weaknesses and opportinities strategies
25. Geographics - Demographics - Lifestyle/Pyshcological - Covert Power - Position - Reputation - Membership - Role in decsions - Communication behavior
SMART decisions
radio
things that define stakeholders
places where one could obtain secondary research
26. Information shared with journalists who are not to share it on a wide scale until given permission
embargoed news
PR effectivness
guidelines for Good Media Relations
uncontrolled media
27. Detection - Prevention/Preparation - Containment - Recovery - Learning
78%
aware public
stages of crisis management
instrumental newspaper reader
28. Shoot squarely (be honest) - Give Service (give them what they want) - Do not beg for a story - Do not ask for 'kills' (suppressing a story) - Do not Flood the media (stick to what is news only)
strengths and threats strategies
summative evaluation
guidelines for Good Media Relations
instrumental newspaper reader
29. Identify thinsg that can go wrong and become highly visible - assign priorities - draft questions answers and solutions - focus on what do to and what to say - and develop a strategy to contain and counteract (not react and respond)
guidelines for handling a PR crises
secondary research
scanner newspaper reader
western media
30. Starts with someone making a value judgement that something is wrong - could be wrong - or could be better
ways to analyze media coverage
weaknesses and opportinities strategies
problem definition
mailed surveys
31. A collection of all that is known about the situation
problem definition
situation analysis
primary research
information center
32. Total income or funds available - competitive necessity - Task or goal driven (least preferable) - Profit
the PR process
ways a company can use budgeting for PR
instrumental newspaper reader
primary research
33. Attempt to minimize both organizational weaknesses and external threats
weakness and threats strategies
common mistakes in handling crises
guidelines for working with medi
nonpublic
34. Number of people exposed to your program messages
potential audience
listening
stages of crisis management
reification
35. They read to get information they think will be useful in daily living
instrumental newspaper reader
weaknesses and opportinities strategies
embargoed news
stakeholder analysis?
36. Build on organizational strengths to take advantage of opportunities in the external environment
situation analysis
strengths and opportunities strategies
guidelines on giving the media the news they want
opinion maker newspaper reader
37. Conducted to measure one single point in time
places where one could obtain secondary research
cross sectional surveys
strategic planning
multiplier effect
38. They save time/money - they don't have a bias - it is convenient BUT they have no control over who responds - low responses - may not be an accurate sample population
mailed surveys
formal research
forms of analysis used when informal methods of research aren't enough
radio
39. The process of receiving - constructing meaning from - and responding to messages - Effective PR starts with this
78%
revolutionary media
listening
to build a relationship with the media
40. Whose job is it to educate and train executives to deal with the press?
uncontrolled media
controlled media
problem statement
The PR practitioners
41. Define your objectives/mission - Define audience/what motivated them - Define metrics/critera to use - Compare yourself with the competition - Pick your measurement tool - Analyze results and make this a regular occurence
ego-booster newspaper reader
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
Examples of traditional media
instrumental newspaper reader
42. Whether or not your reached your goals
situation Analysis( Internal and External)
revolutionary media
PR effectivness
summative evaluation
43. Information must be newsworthy - It must be up to the standards of that media - Must be a timely report of the issue - Must be the right definition of news (you would need to research that company/organization)
things that define stakeholders
78%
guidelines on giving the media the news they want
television
44. ualitative and Quantitative research
problem statement
What to do
force field analysis
formal research
45. It ensures that the message will be transmitted immediately to a wide spread audience - very influential
reification
opinion maker newspaper reader
putting news on a wire or syndicate
outcomes of a program
46. They read to enhance their self-image and status with others
PR effectivness
uncontrolled media
ways to analyze media coverage
ego-booster newspaper reader
47. What's going on here and why? Methods include in depth interviewing - focus groups - ethnogrpahy
outcomes of a program
embargoed news
mailed surveys
qualitative research methods
48. Media that tried to push against restrictions made by the State. Examples: undercover websites in China that get shut down
revolutionary media
problem definition
latent public
radio
49. Integrated program with definite plans towards goals - increased management participation - emphasis thats positive - not defensive - and careful deliberation when making choices
publice service announcement
force field analysis
instrumental newspaper reader
results of long-range planning
50. Making decisions about program goals and objectives - identifying key publics - setting policies or rules to guide selection of strategies - and determining those strategies
strategic thinking
components of a budget
strategic planning
PR effectivness
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