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Test your basic knowledge |
Public Relations: PR Basics
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How much do people use information in the problem situation? What kinds of information do people seek? How do people use information? What predicts information use?
outcomes of a program
ways a company can use budgeting for PR
summative evaluation
additional questions that must be answered through research
2. Evaluation done after the program has finished-- 'how did we do?'
stakeholder analysis?
instrumental newspaper reader
summative evaluation
guidelines for handling a PR crises
3. They read to get information they think will be useful in daily living
situation analysis
guidelines for Good Media Relations
instrumental newspaper reader
results of long-range planning
4. The process of receiving - constructing meaning from - and responding to messages - Effective PR starts with this
listening
formal research
tactics
media Gatekeepers
5. They make decisions to either minimize negative forces or maximize positive forces - that is always their focus
force field analysis
latent public
mailed surveys
nonpublic
6. When people communicate and organize to do something about the situation they are involved in
active public
guidelines for writing a program objective
strengths and opportunities strategies
78%
7. Use present tense - describe situation in measurable terms - do not imply solution or blame for problem - Step 1: Define the Problem. What question do we ask? What is happening now?
instrumental newspaper reader
multiplier effect
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
tactics
8. Whose job is it to educate and train executives to deal with the press?
uncontrolled media
The PR practitioners
guidelines for working with medi
publice service announcement
9. Treating an abstraction as if it exists as a concrete material entity
listening
attentive audience
reification
the PR process
10. Reuters (based in London)
11. Defining the Problem (Or Opportunity) - Planning and Programming - Taking Action and Communication - and Evaluating the program
components of the circular PR Management Process
guidelines for writing a program objective
summative evaluation
components of the SWOT analysis
12. It ensures that the message will be transmitted immediately to a wide spread audience - very influential
the PR process
developmental media
putting news on a wire or syndicate
components of the SWOT analysis
13. Problem statement - purpose statement - audience analysis - recommendation plans - time frame - projected costs - and evaluation design
types of surveys
television
interactive communication (all about building and maintaining relationships with the public)
components of a budget
14. Hesitation - Obfuscation - Retaliation - Being Ambiguous - To be Pompous - Confrontation - and Litigations
colors associated with different crises
nonpublic
common mistakes in handling crises
news
15. Attempt to minimize both organizational weaknesses and external threats
summative evaluation
weakness and threats strategies
budgeting tips
AVE (Advertising value equivalency)
16. Immediate - like natural disasters or death - Emerging - like sexual harrassment or crime - and Sustained - rumors or down-sizing - scandals
guidelines for writing a program objective
weaknesses and opportinities strategies
advantages of getting a story in print
types of crises
17. Geographics - Demographics - Lifestyle/Pyshcological - Covert Power - Position - Reputation - Membership - Role in decsions - Communication behavior
things that define stakeholders
newsworthy event criteria
stakeholder analysis?
latent public
18. Yellow = current crises - Green = emerging crises - Brown = old crises
qualitative research methods
potential audience
colors associated with different crises
Examples of traditional media
19. The key for public relations is that the new technology promotes what?
big wires in the U.S
80%
interactive communication (all about building and maintaining relationships with the public)
stakeholder analysis?
20. Research that has already been conducted
What to do
communication audit?
14%
secondary research
21. Identify thinsg that can go wrong and become highly visible - assign priorities - draft questions answers and solutions - focus on what do to and what to say - and develop a strategy to contain and counteract (not react and respond)
forms of analysis used when informal methods of research aren't enough
media Gatekeepers
guidelines for handling a PR crises
results of long-range planning
22. Strengths (internal) Weaknesses (Internal) Opportunities (external) and Threats (external)
latent public
revolutionary media
components of the SWOT analysis
stages of crisis management
23. What percentage of crises are 'smoldering?' (building over time)
radio
78%
stakeholder analysis?
strengths and threats strategies
24. With uncontrolled media these people control if it is reported/what - when how - etc?
situation Analysis( Internal and External)
advertising
media Gatekeepers
14%
25. Knowledge outcome - Predisposition (Opinion/attitude) outcome - and behavioral outcome
outcomes of a program
listening
types of surveys
tread-panel surveys
26. Failure of employers to include the PR practitioner in decisions - perception of PR as 'communication support' - absence of 'agreed-upon' objectives - inadequate time - frustrations and delays
controlled media
radio
main obstacles in planning
types of surveys
27. Evening TV news - major network news - local newspaper
possible responses to crises
strengths and opportunities strategies
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
Examples of traditional media
28. Number of people who attend to messages and attend events--measured by Readership - listenership - and viewership
attentive audience
problem definition
controlled media
summative evaluation
29. RACE AND ROPE Research - Action - Communication - Evaluation AND Research - Objectives - Programming - Evaluation
primary research
pleasure newspaper reader
the PR process
components of the circular PR Management Process
30. Libraries - databases - Internet - Publications - websites - etcs.
SMART decisions
pleasure newspaper reader
places where one could obtain secondary research
communist media
31. When a company uses AVE's to save money and look more credible
uncontrolled media
guidelines for handling a PR crises
multiplier effect
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
32. Policies - procedures - and actions related to the problem
strategic planning
internal factors of a situation analysis
research
components of the SWOT analysis
33. Start with 'To' then use an accomplishment verb - Specify a key outcome to be achieved - State the outcome in quantitative terms - Set a target date for acheiving - Put it in writing and refer to it often
budgeting tips
guidelines for writing a program objective
common mistakes in handling crises
advertising
34. They read to enhance their self-image and status with others
ego-booster newspaper reader
formal research
newsworthy event criteria
latent public
35. Detection - Prevention/Preparation - Containment - Recovery - Learning
potential audience
mailed surveys
strategic planning
stages of crisis management
36. Give focus/direction - provide guidance/motivation - spell out the outcome criteria to be evaluated
big wires in the U.S
methods to measure TV/radio audiences
things that define stakeholders
tips to writing a Program Outcome
37. People who are unaware of their connections with others due to an issue
outcomes of a program
strategic planning
latent public
strengths and threats strategies
38. Know the cost of what you propose - base budget on goals and objectives - use a spreadsheet to manage costs
quantitative research methods
budgeting tips
What to do
78%
39. What percent of media relations is Preparation?
guidelines for Good Media Relations
places where one could obtain secondary research
guidelines on giving the media the news they want
80%
40. Any announcement that promotes programs and services of the government and voluntary agencies--no payment is made to the station for broadcasting it
results of long-range planning
primary research
publice service announcement
kinds of Informal/Explorative research?
41. The media are subordinate to the state - which controls the press and restricts coverage. Example: Iraq under Hussein
colors associated with different crises
multiplier effect
instrumental newspaper reader
authoritarian International media
42. Best for counting - predicting and analyzing. Methods include content analysis and survey research
strengths and opportunities strategies
formative evaluation
secondary research
quantitative research methods
43. Predicting or establishing a desired future goal state - determining what forces will help or hinder movement toward te goal - and formulating a plan for achieving the desired state
nonpublic
strategic thinking
examples of crises
communist media
44. They save time/money - they don't have a bias - it is convenient BUT they have no control over who responds - low responses - may not be an accurate sample population
newsworthy event criteria
listening
Examples of traditional media
mailed surveys
45. Shoot squarely (be honest) - Give Service (give them what they want) - Do not beg for a story - Do not ask for 'kills' (suppressing a story) - Do not Flood the media (stick to what is news only)
guidelines for Good Media Relations
research
stages of crisis management
weaknesses and opportinities strategies
46. Timeliness - Impact - Proximity - Unusualness - Conflict/Controversy (TIPUC)
western media
types of crises
newsworthy event criteria
revolutionary media
47. Media is relatively free - as long as it supports national goals and heads toward development Example: India
formal research
weakness and threats strategies
developmental media
scanner newspaper reader
48. Define your objectives/mission - Define audience/what motivated them - Define metrics/critera to use - Compare yourself with the competition - Pick your measurement tool - Analyze results and make this a regular occurence
stakeholder analysis?
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
14%
80%
49. The State controls the media and requires it to promote only what they think Example: Media in China and Cuba
qualitative research methods
newsworthy event criteria
communist media
guidelines for Good Media Relations
50. You have a say in what is said - how it is said - when it is said and to some extent to whom it is said
potential audience
tread-panel surveys
controlled media
things that define stakeholders