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Test your basic knowledge |
Public Relations: PR Basics
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Use present tense - describe situation in measurable terms - do not imply solution or blame for problem - Step 1: Define the Problem. What question do we ask? What is happening now?
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
quantitative research methods
aware public
things that define stakeholders
2. Geographics - Demographics - Lifestyle/Pyshcological - Covert Power - Position - Reputation - Membership - Role in decsions - Communication behavior
components of the SWOT analysis
SMART decisions
things that define stakeholders
putting news on a wire or syndicate
3. Defining the Problem (Or Opportunity) - Planning and Programming - Taking Action and Communication - and Evaluating the program
television
ways a company can use budgeting for PR
components of the circular PR Management Process
external factors of a situation analysis?
4. The process of receiving - constructing meaning from - and responding to messages - Effective PR starts with this
research
listening
tread-panel surveys
nonpublic
5. You have a say in what is said - how it is said - when it is said and to some extent to whom it is said
controlled media
colors associated with different crises
pleasure newspaper reader
guidelines for writing a program objective
6. Information shared with journalists who are not to share it on a wide scale until given permission
stages of crisis management
embargoed news
western media
forms of analysis used when informal methods of research aren't enough
7. Build on org strengths to counter threats in external environments
78%
common mistakes in handling crises
strengths and threats strategies
places where one could obtain secondary research
8. Original research
forms of analysis used when informal methods of research aren't enough
primary research
qualitative research methods
tactics
9. Get to know the reporters and editors - understand the constraints under which they operate - and build trust with them--every interaction counts
to build a relationship with the media
methods to measure TV/radio audiences
ways to analyze media coverage
world's largest international news agency
10. Media over which you have no direct role in decisions about media content
mailed surveys
examples of crises
research
uncontrolled media
11. What percentage of a PR campaign SHOULD be used for research??
10%
Management by objectives
secondary research
opinion maker newspaper reader
12. History of the situation - study of who is involved/affected/gathering information about stakeholders
What to do
ways to analyze media coverage
external factors of a situation analysis?
putting news on a wire or syndicate
13. Personal contacts - Key informants - community forums - advisory boards - monitor social media
Examples of traditional media
publice service announcement
kinds of Informal/Explorative research?
authoritarian International media
14. Libraries - databases - Internet - Publications - websites - etcs.
external factors of a situation analysis?
types of surveys
places where one could obtain secondary research
research
15. They save time/money - they don't have a bias - it is convenient BUT they have no control over who responds - low responses - may not be an accurate sample population
the PR process
news
big wires in the U.S
mailed surveys
16. Evaluation done after the program has finished-- 'how did we do?'
qualitative research methods
things that define stakeholders
summative evaluation
types of surveys
17. Starts with someone making a value judgement that something is wrong - could be wrong - or could be better
problem definition
putting news on a wire or syndicate
additional questions that must be answered through research
situation analysis
18. ualitative and Quantitative research
uncontrolled media
formal research
western media
cross sectional surveys
19. With uncontrolled media these people control if it is reported/what - when how - etc?
media Gatekeepers
summative evaluation
external factors of a situation analysis?
research
20. They read to get information they think will be useful in daily living
guidelines on giving the media the news they want
the PR process
instrumental newspaper reader
force field analysis
21. A collection of all that is known about the situation
situation analysis
television
latent public
news
22. Whether or not your reached your goals
PR effectivness
problem statement
active public
force field analysis
23. Start with 'To' then use an accomplishment verb - Specify a key outcome to be achieved - State the outcome in quantitative terms - Set a target date for acheiving - Put it in writing and refer to it often
guidelines for writing a program objective
weakness and threats strategies
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
research
24. What percentage of crises are 'smoldering?' (building over time)
scanner newspaper reader
78%
situation Analysis( Internal and External)
possible responses to crises
25. Knowledge outcome - Predisposition (Opinion/attitude) outcome - and behavioral outcome
advertising
active public
outcomes of a program
types of surveys
26. Audience reach - Placement - Prominence - Share of Voice - Message Analysis - Visuals
attentive audience
ways to analyze media coverage
pleasure newspaper reader
nonpublic
27. Total income or funds available - competitive necessity - Task or goal driven (least preferable) - Profit
strategic planning
places where one could obtain secondary research
ways a company can use budgeting for PR
instrumental newspaper reader
28. Know the cost of what you propose - base budget on goals and objectives - use a spreadsheet to manage costs
types of crises
78%
the PR process
budgeting tips
29. Timeliness - Impact - Proximity - Unusualness - Conflict/Controversy (TIPUC)
possible responses to crises
stakeholder analysis?
10%
newsworthy event criteria
30. RACE AND ROPE Research - Action - Communication - Evaluation AND Research - Objectives - Programming - Evaluation
embargoed news
Management by objectives
stages of crisis management
the PR process
31. What aspect of PR undergirds every step of the process?
interactive communication (all about building and maintaining relationships with the public)
PR effectivness
research
secondary research
32. AP (Associated Press) and The United Press International
embargoed news
scanner newspaper reader
big wires in the U.S
Examples of traditional media
33. Any announcement that promotes programs and services of the government and voluntary agencies--no payment is made to the station for broadcasting it
stages of crisis management
pleasure newspaper reader
publice service announcement
news
34. On-going evaluation in-progress during the program-- 'How are we doing?'
formative evaluation
guidelines for working with medi
force field analysis
cross sectional surveys
35. What questions do we ask? What is involved/affected? What positive and negative forces are operating?
putting news on a wire or syndicate
situation Analysis( Internal and External)
strategic thinking
publice service announcement
36. They read because they see it as a source of enjoyment and a habit
advertising
strengths and threats strategies
summative evaluation
pleasure newspaper reader
37. Policies - procedures - and actions related to the problem
Management by Objectives and Results
78%
internal factors of a situation analysis
weaknesses and opportinities strategies
38. Conducted over a long period of time
weakness and threats strategies
tread-panel surveys
guidelines for handling a PR crises
strategic thinking
39. When a company uses AVE's to save money and look more credible
news
secondary research
multiplier effect
summative evaluation
40. Attempt to minimize both organizational weaknesses and external threats
weakness and threats strategies
instrumental newspaper reader
forms of analysis used when informal methods of research aren't enough
uncontrolled media
41. PR now tells an org how to say - what to say and...
stages of crisis management
guidelines for Good Media Relations
What to do
primary research
42. What percentage of crises are unexpected?
cross sectional surveys
kinds of Informal/Explorative research?
14%
secondary research
43. Documentation of an organizations efforts for the purpose of understanding how it communicates with its publics
qualitative research methods
10%
components of a budget
communication audit?
44. Give focus/direction - provide guidance/motivation - spell out the outcome criteria to be evaluated
communication audit?
developmental media
reification
tips to writing a Program Outcome
45. Secondary analysis - content analysis (whats in the media) and surveys
46. Information must be newsworthy - It must be up to the standards of that media - Must be a timely report of the issue - Must be the right definition of news (you would need to research that company/organization)
instrumental newspaper reader
guidelines on giving the media the news they want
formal research
components of the SWOT analysis
47. How much do people use information in the problem situation? What kinds of information do people seek? How do people use information? What predicts information use?
western media
PR effectivness
attentive audience
additional questions that must be answered through research
48. They read for varied reasons that don't belong in any other category
80%
weakness and threats strategies
scanner newspaper reader
embargoed news
49. Strengths (internal) Weaknesses (Internal) Opportunities (external) and Threats (external)
components of the SWOT analysis
communist media
stakeholder analysis?
additional questions that must be answered through research
50. What's going on here and why? Methods include in depth interviewing - focus groups - ethnogrpahy
types of surveys
qualitative research methods
communist media
uncontrolled media