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Test your basic knowledge |
Public Relations: PR Basics
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. MOR
Management by Objectives and Results
authoritarian International media
secondary research
things that define stakeholders
2. Integrated program with definite plans towards goals - increased management participation - emphasis thats positive - not defensive - and careful deliberation when making choices
results of long-range planning
communist media
guidelines for Good Media Relations
problem definition
3. Diary - meter - people-meter - and telephone interview
methods to measure TV/radio audiences
guidelines for writing a program objective
stages of crisis management
kinds of Informal/Explorative research?
4. ualitative and Quantitative research
interactive communication (all about building and maintaining relationships with the public)
developmental media
advertising
formal research
5. _____ has the advantage of interactive conversation with its publics - and it has a personal appeal becuase it is the spoken word
opinion maker newspaper reader
radio
western media
listening
6. They make decisions to either minimize negative forces or maximize positive forces - that is always their focus
force field analysis
active public
to build a relationship with the media
guidelines for writing a program objective
7. What percentage of crises are 'smoldering?' (building over time)
putting news on a wire or syndicate
nonpublic
internal factors of a situation analysis
78%
8. PR now tells an org how to say - what to say and...
Management by objectives
colors associated with different crises
What to do
publice service announcement
9. Best for counting - predicting and analyzing. Methods include content analysis and survey research
quantitative research methods
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
aware public
advantages of getting a story in print
10. Attempt to minimize organizational weaknesses by taking advantages of external opportunities
reification
weaknesses and opportinities strategies
results of long-range planning
strategic thinking
11. Information shared with journalists who are not to share it on a wide scale until given permission
10%
western media
embargoed news
forms of analysis used when informal methods of research aren't enough
12. Research that has already been conducted
embargoed news
secondary research
PR efficiency
guidelines for working with medi
13. They save time/money - they don't have a bias - it is convenient BUT they have no control over who responds - low responses - may not be an accurate sample population
types of crises
aware public
strengths and threats strategies
mailed surveys
14. RACE AND ROPE Research - Action - Communication - Evaluation AND Research - Objectives - Programming - Evaluation
guidelines on giving the media the news they want
communist media
the PR process
nonpublic
15. Talk from the viewpoint of the publics interest - make the news easy to read - do not make a comment you don't want quoted - state the most important facts at the start - do not argue or lose your cool - you may rephrase a question you do not like -
problem definition
guidelines for working with medi
listening
developmental media
16. They read because they see it as a source of enjoyment and a habit
pleasure newspaper reader
ways a company can use budgeting for PR
putting news on a wire or syndicate
Management by objectives
17. Reach older demographics - opinion leaders tend to read the newspaper - impressive breadth in audience - has a large impact on public issues
situation Analysis( Internal and External)
scanner newspaper reader
strengths and threats strategies
advantages of getting a story in print
18. Practitioners speak in terms of publicity - but media wants...?
the PR process
western media
reification
news
19. Problem statement - purpose statement - audience analysis - recommendation plans - time frame - projected costs - and evaluation design
western media
examples of crises
weaknesses and opportinities strategies
components of a budget
20. The State controls the media and requires it to promote only what they think Example: Media in China and Cuba
kinds of Informal/Explorative research?
budgeting tips
communist media
places where one could obtain secondary research
21. Their level of involvement is very low - they dont have any impact in the org. and vice versa
nonpublic
AVE (Advertising value equivalency)
authoritarian International media
guidelines on giving the media the news they want
22. How much money/time did it take to reach those goals
types of crises
stages of crisis management
PR efficiency
multiplier effect
23. How much do people use information in the problem situation? What kinds of information do people seek? How do people use information? What predicts information use?
latent public
additional questions that must be answered through research
listening
types of surveys
24. People who recognize that they are involved but have not communicated it
opinion maker newspaper reader
aware public
putting news on a wire or syndicate
cross sectional surveys
25. Predicting or establishing a desired future goal state - determining what forces will help or hinder movement toward te goal - and formulating a plan for achieving the desired state
PR effectivness
developmental media
strategic thinking
What to do
26. Immediate - like natural disasters or death - Emerging - like sexual harrassment or crime - and Sustained - rumors or down-sizing - scandals
78%
embargoed news
problem definition
types of crises
27. On-going evaluation in-progress during the program-- 'How are we doing?'
aware public
cross sectional surveys
formative evaluation
secondary research
28. Any announcement that promotes programs and services of the government and voluntary agencies--no payment is made to the station for broadcasting it
qualitative research methods
attentive audience
publice service announcement
Management by Objectives and Results
29. Identify thinsg that can go wrong and become highly visible - assign priorities - draft questions answers and solutions - focus on what do to and what to say - and develop a strategy to contain and counteract (not react and respond)
weaknesses and opportinities strategies
to build a relationship with the media
guidelines for handling a PR crises
summative evaluation
30. They read to get information they think will be useful in daily living
instrumental newspaper reader
pleasure newspaper reader
main obstacles in planning
cross sectional surveys
31. Know the cost of what you propose - base budget on goals and objectives - use a spreadsheet to manage costs
budgeting tips
strengths and threats strategies
14%
advertising
32. AP (Associated Press) and The United Press International
components of the circular PR Management Process
potential audience
big wires in the U.S
multiplier effect
33. Give focus/direction - provide guidance/motivation - spell out the outcome criteria to be evaluated
interactive communication (all about building and maintaining relationships with the public)
tips to writing a Program Outcome
The PR practitioners
western media
34. What aspect of PR undergirds every step of the process?
potential audience
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
research
things that define stakeholders
35. Conducted over a long period of time
formative evaluation
components of a budget
tread-panel surveys
scanner newspaper reader
36. Number of people exposed to your program messages
scanner newspaper reader
news
potential audience
media Gatekeepers
37. Strengths (internal) Weaknesses (Internal) Opportunities (external) and Threats (external)
components of the SWOT analysis
television
nonpublic
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
38. Media over which you have no direct role in decisions about media content
uncontrolled media
qualitative research methods
potential audience
communist media
39. Policies - procedures - and actions related to the problem
budgeting tips
internal factors of a situation analysis
to build a relationship with the media
PR efficiency
40. Evening TV news - major network news - local newspaper
opinion maker newspaper reader
Examples of traditional media
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
weaknesses and opportinities strategies
41. Knowledge outcome - Predisposition (Opinion/attitude) outcome - and behavioral outcome
advantages of getting a story in print
outcomes of a program
situation analysis
external factors of a situation analysis?
42. Product recall - fatal accidents - natural disasters - sexual harrassment
situation analysis
examples of crises
advertising
possible responses to crises
43. Geographics - Demographics - Lifestyle/Pyshcological - Covert Power - Position - Reputation - Membership - Role in decsions - Communication behavior
things that define stakeholders
ways to analyze media coverage
ways a company can use budgeting for PR
budgeting tips
44. Secondary analysis - content analysis (whats in the media) and surveys
45. When people communicate and organize to do something about the situation they are involved in
world's largest international news agency
formal research
active public
10%
46. Number of people who attend to messages and attend events--measured by Readership - listenership - and viewership
internal factors of a situation analysis
attentive audience
news
qualitative research methods
47. Calculates how much money an org would have to pay to secure the same amount of space/time in the media as paid advertising
radio
main obstacles in planning
AVE (Advertising value equivalency)
instrumental newspaper reader
48. They read newspapers to receive advice and guidance for forming and validating an opinion
things that define stakeholders
types of surveys
opinion maker newspaper reader
kinds of Informal/Explorative research?
49. Information must be newsworthy - It must be up to the standards of that media - Must be a timely report of the issue - Must be the right definition of news (you would need to research that company/organization)
methods to measure TV/radio audiences
outcomes of a program
guidelines on giving the media the news they want
western media
50. Starts with someone making a value judgement that something is wrong - could be wrong - or could be better
controlled media
problem definition
forms of analysis used when informal methods of research aren't enough
PR efficiency