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Test your basic knowledge |
Public Relations: PR Basics
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Start with 'To' then use an accomplishment verb - Specify a key outcome to be achieved - State the outcome in quantitative terms - Set a target date for acheiving - Put it in writing and refer to it often
Management by objectives
guidelines for writing a program objective
big wires in the U.S
force field analysis
2. RACE AND ROPE Research - Action - Communication - Evaluation AND Research - Objectives - Programming - Evaluation
qualitative research methods
the PR process
western media
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
3. Diary - meter - people-meter - and telephone interview
outcomes of a program
What to do
methods to measure TV/radio audiences
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
4. Identify thinsg that can go wrong and become highly visible - assign priorities - draft questions answers and solutions - focus on what do to and what to say - and develop a strategy to contain and counteract (not react and respond)
guidelines for handling a PR crises
weaknesses and opportinities strategies
78%
PR efficiency
5. Treating an abstraction as if it exists as a concrete material entity
force field analysis
reification
pleasure newspaper reader
information center
6. They read to enhance their self-image and status with others
tread-panel surveys
to build a relationship with the media
ego-booster newspaper reader
types of surveys
7. They read to get information they think will be useful in daily living
guidelines for Good Media Relations
summative evaluation
instrumental newspaper reader
communication audit?
8. How much do people use information in the problem situation? What kinds of information do people seek? How do people use information? What predicts information use?
listening
scanner newspaper reader
additional questions that must be answered through research
types of surveys
9. Personal contacts - Key informants - community forums - advisory boards - monitor social media
kinds of Informal/Explorative research?
guidelines for handling a PR crises
examples of crises
PR efficiency
10. What's going on here and why? Methods include in depth interviewing - focus groups - ethnogrpahy
developmental media
qualitative research methods
possible responses to crises
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
11. With uncontrolled media these people control if it is reported/what - when how - etc?
14%
media Gatekeepers
to build a relationship with the media
methods to measure TV/radio audiences
12. Conducted over a long period of time
latent public
strengths and threats strategies
tread-panel surveys
forms of analysis used when informal methods of research aren't enough
13. Practitioners speak in terms of publicity - but media wants...?
news
authoritarian International media
radio
guidelines for handling a PR crises
14. The State controls the media and requires it to promote only what they think Example: Media in China and Cuba
components of the SWOT analysis
formal research
reification
communist media
15. What percent of media relations is Preparation?
colors associated with different crises
nonpublic
80%
guidelines for Good Media Relations
16. Research that has already been conducted
colors associated with different crises
aware public
strategic thinking
secondary research
17. Predicting or establishing a desired future goal state - determining what forces will help or hinder movement toward te goal - and formulating a plan for achieving the desired state
PR effectivness
strategic thinking
radio
quantitative research methods
18. They read because they see it as a source of enjoyment and a habit
pleasure newspaper reader
common mistakes in handling crises
additional questions that must be answered through research
strategic thinking
19. PR now tells an org how to say - what to say and...
What to do
weaknesses and opportinities strategies
the PR process
ways to analyze media coverage
20. They save time/money - they don't have a bias - it is convenient BUT they have no control over who responds - low responses - may not be an accurate sample population
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
The PR practitioners
authoritarian International media
mailed surveys
21. Use present tense - describe situation in measurable terms - do not imply solution or blame for problem - Step 1: Define the Problem. What question do we ask? What is happening now?
What to do
main obstacles in planning
guidelines for Good Media Relations
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
22. Information must be newsworthy - It must be up to the standards of that media - Must be a timely report of the issue - Must be the right definition of news (you would need to research that company/organization)
guidelines on giving the media the news they want
authoritarian International media
strengths and opportunities strategies
television
23. Immediate - like natural disasters or death - Emerging - like sexual harrassment or crime - and Sustained - rumors or down-sizing - scandals
authoritarian International media
interactive communication (all about building and maintaining relationships with the public)
Management by objectives
types of crises
24. They read newspapers to receive advice and guidance for forming and validating an opinion
colors associated with different crises
communication audit?
newsworthy event criteria
opinion maker newspaper reader
25. Calculates how much money an org would have to pay to secure the same amount of space/time in the media as paid advertising
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
ways a company can use budgeting for PR
components of the circular PR Management Process
AVE (Advertising value equivalency)
26. Attempt to minimize organizational weaknesses by taking advantages of external opportunities
publice service announcement
advertising
What to do
weaknesses and opportinities strategies
27. Strengths (internal) Weaknesses (Internal) Opportunities (external) and Threats (external)
strategic planning
components of the SWOT analysis
scanner newspaper reader
problem statement
28. What percentage of a PR campaign SHOULD be used for research??
pleasure newspaper reader
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
colors associated with different crises
10%
29. Making decisions about program goals and objectives - identifying key publics - setting policies or rules to guide selection of strategies - and determining those strategies
strategic planning
nonpublic
potential audience
pleasure newspaper reader
30. Know the cost of what you propose - base budget on goals and objectives - use a spreadsheet to manage costs
budgeting tips
things that define stakeholders
guidelines for Good Media Relations
information center
31. Define your objectives/mission - Define audience/what motivated them - Define metrics/critera to use - Compare yourself with the competition - Pick your measurement tool - Analyze results and make this a regular occurence
ways to analyze media coverage
information center
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
to build a relationship with the media
32. Evening TV news - major network news - local newspaper
advertising
Examples of traditional media
situation analysis
tips to writing a Program Outcome
33. Conducted to measure one single point in time
cross sectional surveys
Management by Objectives and Results
78%
components of a budget
34. Information shared with journalists who are not to share it on a wide scale until given permission
cross sectional surveys
embargoed news
main obstacles in planning
AVE (Advertising value equivalency)
35. Build on org strengths to counter threats in external environments
putting news on a wire or syndicate
summative evaluation
guidelines on giving the media the news they want
strengths and threats strategies
36. MBO emphasizes goals and objectives
big wires in the U.S
Management by objectives
opinion maker newspaper reader
possible responses to crises
37. Attempt to minimize both organizational weaknesses and external threats
tactics
attentive audience
cross sectional surveys
weakness and threats strategies
38. Specific activties that relate to strategies - have direct action - result from strategies
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
tactics
kinds of Informal/Explorative research?
stages of crisis management
39. An information line during a crisis - has 2 parts: one that deals directly with the public - one that obtains the information - and needs to be credible before crisis
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
information center
ego-booster newspaper reader
opinion maker newspaper reader
40. Shoot squarely (be honest) - Give Service (give them what they want) - Do not beg for a story - Do not ask for 'kills' (suppressing a story) - Do not Flood the media (stick to what is news only)
guidelines for Good Media Relations
main obstacles in planning
examples of crises
quantitative research methods
41. Failure of employers to include the PR practitioner in decisions - perception of PR as 'communication support' - absence of 'agreed-upon' objectives - inadequate time - frustrations and delays
possible responses to crises
main obstacles in planning
14%
results of long-range planning
42. Number of people who attend to messages and attend events--measured by Readership - listenership - and viewership
attentive audience
components of the SWOT analysis
to build a relationship with the media
summative evaluation
43. Yellow = current crises - Green = emerging crises - Brown = old crises
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
weakness and threats strategies
colors associated with different crises
to build a relationship with the media
44. Product recall - fatal accidents - natural disasters - sexual harrassment
attentive audience
components of the circular PR Management Process
media Gatekeepers
examples of crises
45. The process of receiving - constructing meaning from - and responding to messages - Effective PR starts with this
ego-booster newspaper reader
formal research
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
listening
46. Denial - Excuse - Justfication - Corrective Action - Apology (but with no change of action)
components of a budget
possible responses to crises
colors associated with different crises
PR effectivness
47. AP (Associated Press) and The United Press International
big wires in the U.S
methods to measure TV/radio audiences
pleasure newspaper reader
information center
48. Libraries - databases - Internet - Publications - websites - etcs.
television
places where one could obtain secondary research
78%
formal research
49. Build on organizational strengths to take advantage of opportunities in the external environment
listening
strengths and opportunities strategies
guidelines for handling a PR crises
internal factors of a situation analysis
50. The key for public relations is that the new technology promotes what?
interactive communication (all about building and maintaining relationships with the public)
tread-panel surveys
nonpublic
10%