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Test your basic knowledge |
Public Relations: PR Basics
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. News media are free to report on whatever they wish - as long as they balance it with social responsibility Example: America
78%
ways to analyze media coverage
western media
10%
2. Number of people who attend to messages and attend events--measured by Readership - listenership - and viewership
weakness and threats strategies
formative evaluation
guidelines on giving the media the news they want
attentive audience
3. Whether or not your reached your goals
80%
controlled media
possible responses to crises
PR effectivness
4. Whose job is it to educate and train executives to deal with the press?
internal factors of a situation analysis
The PR practitioners
latent public
stages of crisis management
5. Problem statement - purpose statement - audience analysis - recommendation plans - time frame - projected costs - and evaluation design
authoritarian International media
advertising
components of a budget
stakeholder analysis?
6. An information line during a crisis - has 2 parts: one that deals directly with the public - one that obtains the information - and needs to be credible before crisis
cross sectional surveys
80%
information center
places where one could obtain secondary research
7. Know the cost of what you propose - base budget on goals and objectives - use a spreadsheet to manage costs
colors associated with different crises
revolutionary media
communication audit?
budgeting tips
8. Evening TV news - major network news - local newspaper
Examples of traditional media
formative evaluation
ways a company can use budgeting for PR
news
9. Integrated program with definite plans towards goals - increased management participation - emphasis thats positive - not defensive - and careful deliberation when making choices
PR efficiency
world's largest international news agency
putting news on a wire or syndicate
results of long-range planning
10. Information must be newsworthy - It must be up to the standards of that media - Must be a timely report of the issue - Must be the right definition of news (you would need to research that company/organization)
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
guidelines on giving the media the news they want
AVE (Advertising value equivalency)
quantitative research methods
11. Starts with someone making a value judgement that something is wrong - could be wrong - or could be better
problem definition
PR efficiency
information center
main obstacles in planning
12. Product recall - fatal accidents - natural disasters - sexual harrassment
places where one could obtain secondary research
scanner newspaper reader
qualitative research methods
examples of crises
13. Geographics - Demographics - Lifestyle/Pyshcological - Covert Power - Position - Reputation - Membership - Role in decsions - Communication behavior
cross sectional surveys
things that define stakeholders
active public
78%
14. Calculates how much money an org would have to pay to secure the same amount of space/time in the media as paid advertising
western media
AVE (Advertising value equivalency)
additional questions that must be answered through research
active public
15. Personal contacts - Key informants - community forums - advisory boards - monitor social media
qualitative research methods
kinds of Informal/Explorative research?
revolutionary media
research
16. What percentage of a PR campaign SHOULD be used for research??
situation analysis
SMART decisions
10%
tips to writing a Program Outcome
17. Policies - procedures - and actions related to the problem
situation analysis
internal factors of a situation analysis
guidelines for working with medi
PR effectivness
18. Identify thinsg that can go wrong and become highly visible - assign priorities - draft questions answers and solutions - focus on what do to and what to say - and develop a strategy to contain and counteract (not react and respond)
ego-booster newspaper reader
world's largest international news agency
guidelines for handling a PR crises
advertising
19. They read to enhance their self-image and status with others
active public
aware public
situation analysis
ego-booster newspaper reader
20. Define your objectives/mission - Define audience/what motivated them - Define metrics/critera to use - Compare yourself with the competition - Pick your measurement tool - Analyze results and make this a regular occurence
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
putting news on a wire or syndicate
guidelines for writing a program objective
aware public
21. On-going evaluation in-progress during the program-- 'How are we doing?'
formative evaluation
types of crises
uncontrolled media
situation analysis
22. Attempt to minimize both organizational weaknesses and external threats
formative evaluation
latent public
weakness and threats strategies
78%
23. Immediate - like natural disasters or death - Emerging - like sexual harrassment or crime - and Sustained - rumors or down-sizing - scandals
types of crises
tips to writing a Program Outcome
television
western media
24. Media over which you have no direct role in decisions about media content
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
radio
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
uncontrolled media
25. What aspect of PR undergirds every step of the process?
pleasure newspaper reader
research
outcomes of a program
main obstacles in planning
26. MOR
PR efficiency
components of a budget
Management by Objectives and Results
common mistakes in handling crises
27. Documentation of an organizations efforts for the purpose of understanding how it communicates with its publics
communication audit?
interactive communication (all about building and maintaining relationships with the public)
potential audience
force field analysis
28. Timeliness - Impact - Proximity - Unusualness - Conflict/Controversy (TIPUC)
situation Analysis( Internal and External)
newsworthy event criteria
quantitative research methods
information center
29. Give focus/direction - provide guidance/motivation - spell out the outcome criteria to be evaluated
tips to writing a Program Outcome
types of surveys
stages of crisis management
examples of crises
30. Failure of employers to include the PR practitioner in decisions - perception of PR as 'communication support' - absence of 'agreed-upon' objectives - inadequate time - frustrations and delays
main obstacles in planning
advertising
news
kinds of Informal/Explorative research?
31. What percentage of crises are 'smoldering?' (building over time)
AVE (Advertising value equivalency)
western media
78%
cross sectional surveys
32. A concise desciption of the situation
problem statement
television
big wires in the U.S
latent public
33. Specific - measurable - achievable - realistic - and time-bound decisions
ways a company can use budgeting for PR
results of long-range planning
SMART decisions
strategic thinking
34. Use present tense - describe situation in measurable terms - do not imply solution or blame for problem - Step 1: Define the Problem. What question do we ask? What is happening now?
controlled media
stakeholder analysis?
information center
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
35. Defining the Problem (Or Opportunity) - Planning and Programming - Taking Action and Communication - and Evaluating the program
formal research
components of the circular PR Management Process
examples of crises
AVE (Advertising value equivalency)
36. Original research
primary research
western media
aware public
television
37. They read because they see it as a source of enjoyment and a habit
formative evaluation
pleasure newspaper reader
AVE (Advertising value equivalency)
formal research
38. Best for counting - predicting and analyzing. Methods include content analysis and survey research
quantitative research methods
publice service announcement
strengths and opportunities strategies
secondary research
39. Build on org strengths to counter threats in external environments
strengths and threats strategies
advertising
summative evaluation
primary research
40. It ensures that the message will be transmitted immediately to a wide spread audience - very influential
kinds of Informal/Explorative research?
putting news on a wire or syndicate
western media
big wires in the U.S
41. How much do people use information in the problem situation? What kinds of information do people seek? How do people use information? What predicts information use?
research
additional questions that must be answered through research
types of crises
western media
42. Uses printed word - spoken word - pictures in motion - color - animation - and sound effects...the most powerful medium
forms of analysis used when informal methods of research aren't enough
television
controlled media
additional questions that must be answered through research
43. _____ has the advantage of interactive conversation with its publics - and it has a personal appeal becuase it is the spoken word
aware public
ways to analyze media coverage
strategic thinking
radio
44. History of the situation - study of who is involved/affected/gathering information about stakeholders
external factors of a situation analysis?
weaknesses and opportinities strategies
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
controlled media
45. They save time/money - they don't have a bias - it is convenient BUT they have no control over who responds - low responses - may not be an accurate sample population
additional questions that must be answered through research
guidelines for working with medi
embargoed news
mailed surveys
46. Specific activties that relate to strategies - have direct action - result from strategies
results of long-range planning
tactics
newsworthy event criteria
problem definition
47. Audience reach - Placement - Prominence - Share of Voice - Message Analysis - Visuals
colors associated with different crises
nonpublic
types of surveys
ways to analyze media coverage
48. Conducted over a long period of time
situation Analysis( Internal and External)
The PR practitioners
tread-panel surveys
ego-booster newspaper reader
49. They read newspapers to receive advice and guidance for forming and validating an opinion
summative evaluation
results of long-range planning
things that define stakeholders
opinion maker newspaper reader
50. ualitative and Quantitative research
common mistakes in handling crises
examples of crises
methods to measure TV/radio audiences
formal research