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Test your basic knowledge |
Public Relations: PR Basics
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Whose job is it to educate and train executives to deal with the press?
The PR practitioners
colors associated with different crises
additional questions that must be answered through research
authoritarian International media
2. Best for counting - predicting and analyzing. Methods include content analysis and survey research
publice service announcement
the PR process
outcomes of a program
quantitative research methods
3. History of the situation - study of who is involved/affected/gathering information about stakeholders
listening
external factors of a situation analysis?
problem statement
embargoed news
4. The key for public relations is that the new technology promotes what?
78%
interactive communication (all about building and maintaining relationships with the public)
guidelines for handling a PR crises
active public
5. Information shared with journalists who are not to share it on a wide scale until given permission
advantages of getting a story in print
outcomes of a program
formative evaluation
embargoed news
6. The media are subordinate to the state - which controls the press and restricts coverage. Example: Iraq under Hussein
10%
authoritarian International media
summative evaluation
formative evaluation
7. When people communicate and organize to do something about the situation they are involved in
active public
to build a relationship with the media
putting news on a wire or syndicate
forms of analysis used when informal methods of research aren't enough
8. On-going evaluation in-progress during the program-- 'How are we doing?'
summative evaluation
80%
formative evaluation
methods to measure TV/radio audiences
9. What questions do we ask? What is involved/affected? What positive and negative forces are operating?
strengths and threats strategies
world's largest international news agency
advertising
situation Analysis( Internal and External)
10. Know the cost of what you propose - base budget on goals and objectives - use a spreadsheet to manage costs
budgeting tips
authoritarian International media
strengths and opportunities strategies
types of surveys
11. Use present tense - describe situation in measurable terms - do not imply solution or blame for problem - Step 1: Define the Problem. What question do we ask? What is happening now?
aware public
internal factors of a situation analysis
guidelines to writing useful problem statements
weakness and threats strategies
12. Strengths (internal) Weaknesses (Internal) Opportunities (external) and Threats (external)
14%
media Gatekeepers
attentive audience
components of the SWOT analysis
13. Media over which you have no direct role in decisions about media content
revolutionary media
attentive audience
aware public
uncontrolled media
14. Policies - procedures - and actions related to the problem
internal factors of a situation analysis
weaknesses and opportinities strategies
guidelines for working with medi
examples of crises
15. Starts with someone making a value judgement that something is wrong - could be wrong - or could be better
results of long-range planning
problem definition
tactics
guidelines for handling a PR crises
16. How much do people use information in the problem situation? What kinds of information do people seek? How do people use information? What predicts information use?
guidelines for handling a PR crises
additional questions that must be answered through research
western media
components of a budget
17. Any announcement that promotes programs and services of the government and voluntary agencies--no payment is made to the station for broadcasting it
information center
78%
formative evaluation
publice service announcement
18. Treating an abstraction as if it exists as a concrete material entity
qualitative research methods
types of crises
reification
guidelines for writing a program objective
19. The process of identifying who is involved and affected by the situation
Management by objectives
stakeholder analysis?
attentive audience
potential audience
20. Integrated program with definite plans towards goals - increased management participation - emphasis thats positive - not defensive - and careful deliberation when making choices
the PR process
reification
formative evaluation
results of long-range planning
21. Original research
the PR process
nonpublic
primary research
situation analysis
22. Geographics - Demographics - Lifestyle/Pyshcological - Covert Power - Position - Reputation - Membership - Role in decsions - Communication behavior
things that define stakeholders
the PR process
The PR practitioners
stages of crisis management
23. A collection of all that is known about the situation
western media
ways a company can use budgeting for PR
radio
situation analysis
24. Build on organizational strengths to take advantage of opportunities in the external environment
results of long-range planning
newsworthy event criteria
strengths and opportunities strategies
places where one could obtain secondary research
25. Uses printed word - spoken word - pictures in motion - color - animation - and sound effects...the most powerful medium
interactive communication (all about building and maintaining relationships with the public)
mailed surveys
television
controlled media
26. It ensures that the message will be transmitted immediately to a wide spread audience - very influential
examples of crises
The PR practitioners
aware public
putting news on a wire or syndicate
27. What percentage of a PR campaign SHOULD be used for research??
guidelines for Good Media Relations
10%
stakeholder analysis?
AVE (Advertising value equivalency)
28. Number of people exposed to your program messages
strategic thinking
steps to creating an evaluation program at your organization
strengths and threats strategies
potential audience
29. The State controls the media and requires it to promote only what they think Example: Media in China and Cuba
communist media
80%
instrumental newspaper reader
things that define stakeholders
30. Identify thinsg that can go wrong and become highly visible - assign priorities - draft questions answers and solutions - focus on what do to and what to say - and develop a strategy to contain and counteract (not react and respond)
putting news on a wire or syndicate
examples of crises
uncontrolled media
guidelines for handling a PR crises
31. Failure of employers to include the PR practitioner in decisions - perception of PR as 'communication support' - absence of 'agreed-upon' objectives - inadequate time - frustrations and delays
common mistakes in handling crises
guidelines for Good Media Relations
possible responses to crises
main obstacles in planning
32. Making decisions about program goals and objectives - identifying key publics - setting policies or rules to guide selection of strategies - and determining those strategies
western media
components of the circular PR Management Process
strategic planning
examples of crises
33. MOR
putting news on a wire or syndicate
Management by Objectives and Results
communist media
controlled media
34. What aspect of PR undergirds every step of the process?
information center
research
78%
formal research
35. Timeliness - Impact - Proximity - Unusualness - Conflict/Controversy (TIPUC)
strategic thinking
television
strategic planning
newsworthy event criteria
36. They make decisions to either minimize negative forces or maximize positive forces - that is always their focus
main obstacles in planning
force field analysis
external factors of a situation analysis?
media Gatekeepers
37. Evening TV news - major network news - local newspaper
14%
Examples of traditional media
results of long-range planning
publice service announcement
38. News media are free to report on whatever they wish - as long as they balance it with social responsibility Example: America
tactics
western media
methods to measure TV/radio audiences
things that define stakeholders
39. How much money/time did it take to reach those goals
types of surveys
situation Analysis( Internal and External)
PR efficiency
big wires in the U.S
40. Evaluation done after the program has finished-- 'how did we do?'
budgeting tips
scanner newspaper reader
summative evaluation
weaknesses and opportinities strategies
41. Calculates how much money an org would have to pay to secure the same amount of space/time in the media as paid advertising
secondary research
AVE (Advertising value equivalency)
uncontrolled media
problem statement
42. ualitative and Quantitative research
reification
stages of crisis management
formal research
80%
43. Media is relatively free - as long as it supports national goals and heads toward development Example: India
developmental media
stakeholder analysis?
to build a relationship with the media
uncontrolled media
44. Conducted to measure one single point in time
cross sectional surveys
components of the circular PR Management Process
the PR process
outcomes of a program
45. Give focus/direction - provide guidance/motivation - spell out the outcome criteria to be evaluated
things that define stakeholders
tips to writing a Program Outcome
situation Analysis( Internal and External)
secondary research
46. Practitioners speak in terms of publicity - but media wants...?
common mistakes in handling crises
news
10%
active public
47. What's going on here and why? Methods include in depth interviewing - focus groups - ethnogrpahy
results of long-range planning
multiplier effect
qualitative research methods
strengths and opportunities strategies
48. Problem statement - purpose statement - audience analysis - recommendation plans - time frame - projected costs - and evaluation design
summative evaluation
controlled media
forms of analysis used when informal methods of research aren't enough
components of a budget
49. Build on org strengths to counter threats in external environments
strengths and threats strategies
guidelines on giving the media the news they want
television
pleasure newspaper reader
50. Yellow = current crises - Green = emerging crises - Brown = old crises
guidelines for working with medi
colors associated with different crises
common mistakes in handling crises
outcomes of a program