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Pulmonology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Continuous lung sounds
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality
A reduction in lung capacity - secondary to scarring or extraneous material
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
Increased Hb-O2 affinity

2. Carbon dioxide moves from the...
50%
Blood to the alveoli
The atmospheric pressure
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath

3. forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)
right and left mainstem bronchi
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume

4. What chest radiography is used for unstable patients or those unable to stand during the X-ray?
Shaped like a sail - rising rapidly to a sharp peak - then descending in a straight line at about a 45˚ angle
Portable antero-posterior (AP) view
Either continuous or discontinuous
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site

5. Coarse crackles are...
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Perfusion
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration

6. The diaphragm contracts and moves downward during inspiration - lowering the abdominal contents to...
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance
Increase the intrathoracic space
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep

7. Inspiratory stridor becomes evident at about
70% occlusion of the airway
35 to 45 mmHg
Carboxyhemoglobin
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

8. An SaO2 of 90% correlates with a PaO2 as low as 59 and requires
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
right & left

9. What change occurs when fluid or solid tissue replaces air-containing lung or occupies the pleural space beneath your percussing fingers?
Diffusion
Heard over the periphery of the lung - are soft - low-pitched sounds - heard throughout inspiration - continue without pause through expiration - fade away about one third of the way through expiration
Dullness replaces resonance
A good effort

10. Patients with restrictive disease have low
Expiration
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have
Spirometry in the diagnosis - severity staging - and monitoring of these conditions

11. The circulatory system transport of oxygen to - and carbon dioxide from - the peripheral tissues
Perfusion
Right
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds

12. Peripheral cyanosis results from
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase
Inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second

13. Which lung has a horizontal fissure?
right
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration - performed as rapidly and forcefully as possible
'adventitious' breath sounds
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide

14. Fine crackles are...
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site
Soft - high-pitched and crisp
80 to 120% of predicted value

15. Patients with obstructive disease have normal
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
Total lung capacity (TLC)

16. Which lobe has an inferior tongue-like projection called the lingula?
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)
Left upper lobe
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin

17. The external intercostal muscles increase the antero-posterior chest diameter during
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep
Inspiration
Acinus
Mediastinum

18. Simple - objective - noninvasive diagnostic test can be performed with relative ease on patients who present with respiratory-related symptoms
Diffusion
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers
Spirometry
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide

19. Continuous lung sounds occur when air flows rapidly through bronchi that are...
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2
Inspiration
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep

20. Bohr Effect of pH is graphed as
Nitrogen
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Blood to the alveoli
Air bubbles flowing through secretions or slightly closed airways during respiration

21. within limits - increased temperature =
Diaphragm - External Intercostals
Mediastinum
release of O2 from Hb - as heat is a by-product of metabolism.
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene Muscles

22. tidal volume (Vt)
500 to 800 mL
The right middle lobe
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
Total lung capacity (TLC)

23. pain in lung conditions usually arises from
release of O2 from Hb - as heat is a by-product of metabolism.
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
Blue or bluish-gray discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes
Inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura

24. Does lung tissue have pain fibers?
Diffusion
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion
No

25. Cyanosis is caused by
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
Expiration
A reduction in lung capacity - secondary to scarring or extraneous material
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood

26. Nitroglycerin applied to the probe area has been reported to...
Bicarbonate
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site
quickly - usually reaching a plateau within 6.0 seconds
50%

27. Hyperventilation is defined as
Air bubbles flowing through secretions or slightly closed airways during respiration
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level
Portable antero-posterior (AP) view
A pulsatile blood flow - therefore it may be inaccurate in situations that result in peripheral vasoconstriction

28. most important factor that influences the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin
Expiration
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers

29. Bronchial breath sounds
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality

30. a visible and palpable angulation of the sternum - and the point at which the second rib articulates with the sternum
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
release of O2 from Hb - as heat is a by-product of metabolism.

31. What is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae?
The right middle lobe
'crackles' or 'rales'
Pleural space
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height

32. The lungs are paired - cone-shaped organs in the thoracic cavity separated By what space?
Mouth as well as through the chest wall
500 to 800 mL
Mediastinum
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)

33. Obstructive disease refers to...
Nitrogen
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration that cannot be exhaled due to the limit of elasticity - or because of the trapping of air in disease states
An increase in airway resistance as a result of a reduction of elastic recoil and /or compromise of the air passage
Terminal - and ultimately into respiratory bronchioles so small that each is associated with one acinus

34. The trachea divides into right and left mainstem bronchi At what level?
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
500 to 800 mL
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
The ratio of the FEV1 to the forced vital capacity - and it is expressed as a percentage (FEV1%)

35. Spirometry: The result is stated as
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height

36. Bohr Effect of pH: left shift
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume
Increased Hb-O2 affinity

37. Percussion helps you establish whether the underlying tissues are...
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Bicarbonate

38. Continuous lung sounds occur in the setting of...
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
To assess response to treatment
An increase in airway resistance as a result of a reduction of elastic recoil and /or compromise of the air passage

39. The primary muscles of respiration are the...
The right middle lobe
release of O2 from Hb - as heat is a by-product of metabolism.
Diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
right and left mainstem bronchi

40. Spirometry is useful in distinguishing
Obstructive lung disease from restrictive lung disease
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated
The gas in the conducting airways does not participate in alveolar exchange
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume

41. The spirometry printout usually includes

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42. The normal FEV1 /FVC ratio is...
70%
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
500 to 800 mL
Spirometry

43. The visceral pleura lines the...
Diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
Bicarbonate
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) - Bohr effect of pH - Temperature
Outer surface of each lung

44. Discontinuous lung sounds are...
The right middle lobe
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality
Inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time

45. Compliance
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)
Inspiration
Elasticity of the lung - reflects a measure of the ease of its distension - or the volume change resulting from the application of a pressure differential
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide

46. The trachea bifurcates into its mainstem bronchi at the level of...
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
release of O2 from Hb - as heat is a by-product of metabolism.
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint

47. The muscles of expiration are the...
Right
right
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis

48. Flow-Volume Curve: On a normal graph - the flow-volume curve is...
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli
Shaped like a sail - rising rapidly to a sharp peak - then descending in a straight line at about a 45˚ angle
Terminal - and ultimately into respiratory bronchioles so small that each is associated with one acinus
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2

49. 78.08% Atmospheric Composition
require supplemental oxygenation and possibly ABG analysis
Nitrogen
Pressure required to drive air through the airways
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen

50. Rhonchi frequently clear after
Decreased pressure
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
Cough
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood