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Pulmonology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Continuous lung sounds occur when air flows rapidly through bronchi that are...
Carboxyhemoglobin
80%
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration that cannot be exhaled due to the limit of elasticity - or because of the trapping of air in disease states

2. Fine crackles are heard in
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene Muscles
The rib above it
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration
Interstitial diseases or early pulmonary edema

3. Tachypnea is an
release of O2 from Hb
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume
50%
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality

4. Continuous lung sounds occur in the setting of...
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
Observing the pattern of breathing

5. Auscultation of the chest depends on...
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site
70% occlusion of the airway
Total lung capacity (TLC)

6. Factors that influence the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin
Spirometry in the diagnosis - severity staging - and monitoring of these conditions
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) - Bohr effect of pH - Temperature
Soft - high-pitched and crisp
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2

7. Cyanosis appears when
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL
No respiration for > 20 seconds
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance

8. The interspace between two ribs (intercostal space) is numbered by
Insufficient oxygenation of hemoglobin in the lungs
The rib above it
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood
Right

9. FEV1% in obstructive disease
results in a lower than normal FEV1%
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature

10. The accessory muscles are the...
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene Muscles
Elasticity of the lung - reflects a measure of the ease of its distension - or the volume change resulting from the application of a pressure differential
80 to 120% of predicted value
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation

11. dead space ventilation
Bicarbonate
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion
The gas in the conducting airways does not participate in alveolar exchange
right

12. terminal respiratory unit
Acinus
The rib above it
Graphic representations of the patient's efforts in the form of a flow-volume curve and a volume-time curve
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood

13. Rhonchi
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality
Portable antero-posterior (AP) view
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2

14. A normal volume-time curve rises
quickly - usually reaching a plateau within 6.0 seconds
right
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance

15. Inspiratory stridor becomes evident at about
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
A good effort
70% occlusion of the airway
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance

16. The volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of normal expiration is called the...
right & left
respiration
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance

17. The muscles of inspiration are the...
require supplemental oxygenation and possibly ABG analysis
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches
Diaphragm - External Intercostals
Tongue

18. 78.08% Atmospheric Composition
Obstructive lung disease from restrictive lung disease
Nitrogen
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration
Increased work of breathing

19. The purpose of respiration is to...
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood
Perfusion

20. The lungs are paired - cone-shaped organs in the thoracic cavity separated By what space?
Mediastinum
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position
Binding of O2 to Hb
right & left

21. Spirometry: The result is stated as
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
Tongue
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series

22. The visceral pleura lines the...
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
right & left
Outer surface of each lung
80%

23. An efficient approach to examination of the patient begins with
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
Observing the pattern of breathing
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval

24. Percussion helps you establish whether the underlying tissues are...
right and left mainstem bronchi
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid

25. During expiration - thoracic cavity volume decreases - and the intrapulmonary pressure becomes greater than
The atmospheric pressure
Right
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase

26. The parietal pleura lines the...
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm
The atmospheric pressure
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)

27. Spirometry can be used to determine the severity of functional impairment as well as
Acinus
Mediastinum
To assess response to treatment
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality

28. hypocapnia
Dullness replaces resonance
Obstructive lung disease from restrictive lung disease
Diffusion
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation

29. Inspiratory stridor indicates
Increased work of breathing
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)
Dullness replaces resonance
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility

30. Bohr Effect of pH is graphed as
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration - performed as rapidly and forcefully as possible

31. Which lung has a horizontal fissure?
Excessive secretions and abnormal airway collapsibility
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval
50%
right

32. Examples of obstructive disease
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - chronic bronchitis - emphysema - and asthma
A good effort
Either inspiration or expiration

33. Which bronchus is more susceptible to aspiration of foreign bodies?
Inspiration
Expiration
Right
Functional residual capacity (FRC)

34. What is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae?
80%
Outer surface of each lung
Pleural space
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds

35. Which bronchus is wider - shorter - and more vertically placed?
Terminal - and ultimately into respiratory bronchioles so small that each is associated with one acinus
Right
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep

36. Boyle's Gas Law
Mediastinum
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality
results in a lower than normal FEV1%
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume

37. The internal intercostals decrease the transverse diameter of the chest during
To assess response to treatment
Expiration
70%
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position

38. Which lobe has an inferior tongue-like projection called the lingula?
Left upper lobe
Perfusion
Excessive secretions and abnormal airway collapsibility
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration that cannot be exhaled due to the limit of elasticity - or because of the trapping of air in disease states

39. Pulmonary ventilation is varied by
No
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume

40. Pulse oximetry determines the percent of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen by way of...
Acinus
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
respiratory rate and rhythm - the depth of breathing - and the relative amount of time spent in inspiration and expiration
Larger airways

41. Bronchiovesicular breath sounds
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval
Increased Hb-O2 affinity
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm

42. forced vital capacity (FVC)
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'
500 to 800 mL
Portable antero-posterior (AP) view
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration - performed as rapidly and forcefully as possible

43. Stridor is a high-pitched - noisy respiration - Which is indicative of...
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
The atmospheric pressure
The gas in the conducting airways does not participate in alveolar exchange

44. Vesicular breath sounds
Heard over the periphery of the lung - are soft - low-pitched sounds - heard throughout inspiration - continue without pause through expiration - fade away about one third of the way through expiration
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm

45. Oxygen moves from the...
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
Alveoli to the blood
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing

46. The muscles of expiration are the...
80%
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly

47. The trachea divides into right and left mainstem bronchi At what level?
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
Either continuous or discontinuous
The amount of air that can be exhaled after expiration
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint

48. pH
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration that cannot be exhaled due to the limit of elasticity - or because of the trapping of air in disease states
Binding of O2 to Hb
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)

49. Pulse Oximetry is dependent on...
Left upper lobe
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time
A pulsatile blood flow - therefore it may be inaccurate in situations that result in peripheral vasoconstriction
The atmospheric pressure

50. within limits - increased temperature =
release of O2 from Hb - as heat is a by-product of metabolism.
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
Graphic representations of the patient's efforts in the form of a flow-volume curve and a volume-time curve
Inspiration