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Pulmonology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Flow-Volume Curve: On a normal graph - the flow-volume curve is...
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
Increase the intrathoracic space
An increase in airway resistance as a result of a reduction of elastic recoil and /or compromise of the air passage
Shaped like a sail - rising rapidly to a sharp peak - then descending in a straight line at about a 45˚ angle

2. Coarse crackles are...
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli

3. Discontinuous lung sounds are...
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality
Blue or bluish-gray discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes
Tongue

4. Sharp peaks and smooth descents on the flow-volume curves - and a flat plateau at the end of the volume-time curve suggests
A good effort
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
require supplemental oxygenation and possibly ABG analysis
Either inspiration or expiration

5. Coarse crackles are heard in
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time
Pneumonia - obstructive lung disease - and late pulmonary edema

6. The primary muscles of respiration are the...
Either inspiration or expiration
Inspiration
Left upper lobe
Diaphragm and the intercostal muscles

7. Respiration involves
Cough
Inspiration
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion

8. Continuous lung sounds often audible at the...
The amount of air that can be exhaled after expiration
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
Mouth as well as through the chest wall
Dullness replaces resonance

9. The trachea divides into right and left mainstem bronchi At what level?
A good effort
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - chronic bronchitis - emphysema - and asthma
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene Muscles

10. Late inspiratory crackles result from
No respiration for > 20 seconds
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration

11. What occurs passively as muscles relax?
Excessive secretions and abnormal airway collapsibility
No
'crackles' or 'rales'
Expiration

12. Spirometry normal range
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site
80 to 120% of predicted value
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
Tongue

13. Bronchophony
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level

14. The diaphragm contracts and moves downward during inspiration - lowering the abdominal contents to...
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
Cough
Increase the intrathoracic space
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) - Bohr effect of pH - Temperature

15. normal subjects expel approximately how much of the FVC in the 1st second?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - chronic bronchitis - emphysema - and asthma
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy
Inspiration
80%

16. pH
Interstitial diseases or early pulmonary edema
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series
Pleural space
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood

17. Continuous lung sounds occur when air flows rapidly through bronchi that are...
Spirometry
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated

18. PaO2
Cough
Bicarbonate
right & left
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood

19. Chest Radiography: The most common chest X-ray series is the...
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words
Increased Hb-O2 affinity

20. Compliance
Excessive secretions and abnormal airway collapsibility
Left upper lobe
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood
Elasticity of the lung - reflects a measure of the ease of its distension - or the volume change resulting from the application of a pressure differential

21. most important factor that influences the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin
Perfusion
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume

22. Which bronchus is wider - shorter - and more vertically placed?
Right
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration
require supplemental oxygenation and possibly ABG analysis

23. FIO2
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds

24. vital capacity (VC)
The total amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximal inhalation
Diaphragm - External Intercostals
Dullness replaces resonance
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions

25. Patients with obstructive disease have normal
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position
Bicarbonate

26. Percussion helps you establish whether the underlying tissues are...
Decreased pressure
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
reduced in size - compared with a normal curve - due to lower lung volume
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid

27. The trachea bifurcates into its mainstem bronchi at the level of...
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
70%
Increased Hb-O2 affinity
right and left mainstem bronchi

28. The trachea is how long/wide?
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated

29. At rest - the use of accessory muscles is a sign of...
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
Significant pulmonary impairment

30. 20.95% Atmospheric Composition
A good effort
Oxygen (O2)
Cough
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)

31. Spirometry: The result is stated as
Diaphragm - External Intercostals
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
Pneumonia - obstructive lung disease - and late pulmonary edema
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality

32. PACO2
Nitrogen
Increased Hb-O2 affinity
Outer surface of each lung
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli

33. The main bronchi are divided into smaller branches that begin to subdivide into
Terminal - and ultimately into respiratory bronchioles so small that each is associated with one acinus
release of O2 from Hb
The gas in the conducting airways does not participate in alveolar exchange
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood

34. Restrictive Disease: Expiratory volume is reduced more than
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
Pulse oximetry
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'

35. The pattern of breathing refers to...
Oxygen (O2)
The ratio of the FEV1 to the forced vital capacity - and it is expressed as a percentage (FEV1%)
respiratory rate and rhythm - the depth of breathing - and the relative amount of time spent in inspiration and expiration
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli

36. residual volume
Outer surface of each lung
Significant pulmonary impairment
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration that cannot be exhaled due to the limit of elasticity - or because of the trapping of air in disease states
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval

37. Airway resistance refers to...
Pressure required to drive air through the airways
respiratory rate and rhythm - the depth of breathing - and the relative amount of time spent in inspiration and expiration
Diaphragm - External Intercostals
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality

38. a visible and palpable angulation of the sternum - and the point at which the second rib articulates with the sternum
The right middle lobe
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers
80%

39. Simple - objective - noninvasive diagnostic test can be performed with relative ease on patients who present with respiratory-related symptoms
No
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
Spirometry
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality

40. Orthopnea is quantified by
The right middle lobe
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
Number of pillows the patient uses for sleeping - or by the fact that the patient needs to sleep sitting up
respiration

41. What change occurs when fluid or solid tissue replaces air-containing lung or occupies the pleural space beneath your percussing fingers?
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series
Dullness replaces resonance
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy

42. Peripheral cyanosis results from
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'

43. low CO2 = low acidity =
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy
No
Binding of O2 to Hb

44. What is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae?
Diffusion
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
Pleural space
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood

45. Pectoriloquy
500 to 800 mL
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers
Diaphragm - External Intercostals
Perfusion

46. Cyanosis
Blue or bluish-gray discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality
Pressure required to drive air through the airways
70%

47. Pulse Oximetry: The oximeter's probe has a source of light of How many wavelengths?
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
The total amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximal inhalation
35 to 45 mmHg
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers

48. Does lung tissue have pain fibers?
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site
Insufficient oxygenation of hemoglobin in the lungs
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'
No

49. FEV1% in restrictive disease
Right
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality
Normal to increased FEV1%
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2

50. Rhonchi originate in the...
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
Larger airways
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance
The amount of air that can be exhaled after expiration