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Pulmonology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 30 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The tracheo-bronchial tree is a tubular system that provides a pathway for
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches
80 to 120% of predicted value
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene Muscles

2. vital capacity (VC)
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume
The total amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximal inhalation

3. Expiratory stridor indicates
50%
Normal to increased FEV1%
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)
Shaped like a sail - rising rapidly to a sharp peak - then descending in a straight line at about a 45˚ angle

4. Bronchial breath sounds
The rib above it
results in a lower than normal FEV1%
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase
Expiration

5. Stridor is a high-pitched - noisy respiration - Which is indicative of...
Expiration
Graphic representations of the patient's efforts in the form of a flow-volume curve and a volume-time curve
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words

6. What occurs passively as muscles relax?
Observing the pattern of breathing
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
Tongue
Expiration

7. Rhonchi frequently clear after
Perfusion
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
Cough
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second

8. Does lung tissue have pain fibers?
Right
Dullness replaces resonance
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax
No

9. Coarse crackles result from
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature
Air bubbles flowing through secretions or slightly closed airways during respiration

10. Typically - in the presence of obstructive disease - the flow-volume curve looks

11. Boyle's Gas Law
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
80 to 120% of predicted value
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume

12. A means of measuring the movement of air into and out of the lungs during various breathing maneuvers
Spirometry
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
Tongue

13. Spirometry: The result is stated as
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli
Binding of O2 to Hb
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood

14. The muscles of inspiration are the...
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time
Diaphragm - External Intercostals
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated

15. Pectoriloquy
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'
Significant pulmonary impairment

16. total lung capacity (TLC)
The total amount of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation
Decreased pressure
Nitrogen
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli

17. The normal FEV1 /FVC ratio is...
right and left mainstem bronchi
The rib above it
70%
Either inspiration or expiration

18. Bohr Effect of pH: right shift
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
Nitrogen
Either continuous or discontinuous
respiration

19. Examples of obstructive disease
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - chronic bronchitis - emphysema - and asthma
release of O2 from Hb - as heat is a by-product of metabolism.
To assess response to treatment

20. most important factor that influences the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin
require supplemental oxygenation and possibly ABG analysis
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)
The total amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximal inhalation
Normal to increased FEV1%

21. the process by which gases in the alveoli and the blood exchange by way of the alveolar-capillary membrane
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood
Spirometry
Diffusion
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor

22. tidal volume (Vt)
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
50%
Blue or bluish-gray discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes
Alveoli to the blood

23. Continuous lung sounds occur when air flows rapidly through bronchi that are...
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure
Cough
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep

24. Patients with obstructive disease have normal
A good effort
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site

25. Abnormal lung sounds are classified as
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
Either inspiration or expiration
right and left mainstem bronchi
Either continuous or discontinuous

26. With restrictive disease - the flow-volume curve is...
Diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
reduced in size - compared with a normal curve - due to lower lung volume
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'

27. Rhonchi originate in the...
The rib above it
Larger airways
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
The total amount of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation

28. The purpose of respiration is to...
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
Mediastinum

29. What chest radiography is used for unstable patients or those unable to stand during the X-ray?
release of O2 from Hb - as heat is a by-product of metabolism.
Portable antero-posterior (AP) view
Significant pulmonary impairment
Dullness replaces resonance

30. At rest - the use of accessory muscles is a sign of...
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated
Significant pulmonary impairment

31. office-based spirometry is recommended for patients as young as
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
A reduction in lung capacity - secondary to scarring or extraneous material
Spirometry

32. PaO2
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene Muscles
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second

33. Percussion helps you establish whether the underlying tissues are...
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
The atmospheric pressure
Perfusion
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood

34. Spirometry is useful in distinguishing
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
Obstructive lung disease from restrictive lung disease

35. pain in lung conditions usually arises from
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval
Oxygen (O2)
Inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly

36. a visible and palpable angulation of the sternum - and the point at which the second rib articulates with the sternum
right and left mainstem bronchi
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches
Larger airways
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)

37. Pulse oximetry limitations: what may be misinterpreted as oxygenated hemoglobin?
Carboxyhemoglobin
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have

38. 78.08% Atmospheric Composition
Nitrogen
Elasticity of the lung - reflects a measure of the ease of its distension - or the volume change resulting from the application of a pressure differential
Decreased pressure
Expiration

39. The accessory muscles are the...
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene Muscles
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds

40. Egophony

41. Airway resistance refers to...
The total amount of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation
Pressure required to drive air through the airways
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated
Expiration

42. The lungs are paired - cone-shaped organs in the thoracic cavity separated By what space?
right & left
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep
Mediastinum
release of O2 from Hb

43. PACO2
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - chronic bronchitis - emphysema - and asthma
Pulse oximetry
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli
Left upper lobe

44. Respiration involves
Either inspiration or expiration
reduced in size - compared with a normal curve - due to lower lung volume
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion

45. Simple - objective - noninvasive diagnostic test can be performed with relative ease on patients who present with respiratory-related symptoms
Spirometry
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration
The right middle lobe
Contracts

46. Examples of restrictive disease
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
Acinus

47. A state-of-the-art - inexpensive - non-invasive - simple method to monitor a patient's percent hemoglobin saturation with oxygen (SaO2) - without having to obtain an arterial blood specimen
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure
Pulse oximetry
Right

48. Oximetry readings of < 94%
Diffusion
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
Insufficient oxygenation of hemoglobin in the lungs
require supplemental oxygenation and possibly ABG analysis

49. The presence of pressure gradients causes respiratory gases to move from
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
quickly - usually reaching a plateau within 6.0 seconds
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy

50. Fine crackles are heard in
Heard over the periphery of the lung - are soft - low-pitched sounds - heard throughout inspiration - continue without pause through expiration - fade away about one third of the way through expiration
Interstitial diseases or early pulmonary edema
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds

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Test your basic knowledge |

Pulmonology

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After Effects Keyboard Shortcuts

Agile Development

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