Test your basic knowledge |

Pulmonology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. inspiratory reserve
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration
Larger airways
The ratio of the FEV1 to the forced vital capacity - and it is expressed as a percentage (FEV1%)
Right

2. forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval

3. Cyanosis is caused by
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
Portable antero-posterior (AP) view
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
Ventilation

4. Spirometry normal range
80 to 120% of predicted value
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers
results in a lower than normal FEV1%
Increase the intrathoracic space

5. Bohr Effect of pH is graphed as
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
35 to 45 mmHg
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

6. Rhonchi are due to...
Excessive secretions and abnormal airway collapsibility
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath

7. low CO2 = low acidity =
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
Binding of O2 to Hb
50%
Left upper lobe

8. Factors that influence the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin
Blue or bluish-gray discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes
Graphic representations of the patient's efforts in the form of a flow-volume curve and a volume-time curve
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) - Bohr effect of pH - Temperature

9. the lingula is analogous to...
Inspiration
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)
Pleural space
The right middle lobe

10. Does lung tissue have pain fibers?
No
The atmospheric pressure
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
'crackles' or 'rales'

11. increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity by flattening the diaphragm and elevating the ribs
Decreased pressure
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Inspiration
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax

12. Pulse oximetry limitations: what may be misinterpreted as oxygenated hemoglobin?
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
The atmospheric pressure
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene Muscles
Carboxyhemoglobin

13. tidal volume (Vt)
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)
right & left
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing

14. office-based spirometry is recommended for patients as young as
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions

15. Nitroglycerin applied to the probe area has been reported to...
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume
Acinus
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site
Graphic representations of the patient's efforts in the form of a flow-volume curve and a volume-time curve

16. The parietal pleura lines the...
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm
Expiration
The rib above it
Portable antero-posterior (AP) view

17. forced vital capacity (FVC)
Air bubbles flowing through secretions or slightly closed airways during respiration
A reduction in lung capacity - secondary to scarring or extraneous material
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration - performed as rapidly and forcefully as possible

18. Pulse Oximetry does not detect
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2
No
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor

19. gas exchange across the alveolar-pulmonary capillary membranes
Blood to the alveoli
To assess response to treatment
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration
Diffusion

20. Peripheral cyanosis results from
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity

21. FEV1% in obstructive disease
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
Interstitial diseases or early pulmonary edema
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
results in a lower than normal FEV1%

22. The best indicator of adequate ventilation is the...
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
Graphic representations of the patient's efforts in the form of a flow-volume curve and a volume-time curve
Inspiration
PaCO2

23. movement of blood through the capillaries in direct communication with the alveoli
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration
Perfusion
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions

24. Orthopnea is defined as
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position
Acinus
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration that cannot be exhaled due to the limit of elasticity - or because of the trapping of air in disease states
Larger airways

25. What change occurs when fluid or solid tissue replaces air-containing lung or occupies the pleural space beneath your percussing fingers?
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated
Terminal - and ultimately into respiratory bronchioles so small that each is associated with one acinus
Dullness replaces resonance
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL

26. Which bronchus is more susceptible to aspiration of foreign bodies?
Outer surface of each lung
require supplemental oxygenation and possibly ABG analysis
Right
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume

27. The spirometry printout usually includes

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

28. The volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of normal expiration is called the...
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2
Pneumonia - obstructive lung disease - and late pulmonary edema
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)
Functional residual capacity (FRC)

29. Restrictive Disease: Expiratory volume is reduced more than
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
Blue or bluish-gray discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase

30. What chest radiography is used for unstable patients or those unable to stand during the X-ray?
A reduction in lung capacity - secondary to scarring or extraneous material
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
right & left
Portable antero-posterior (AP) view

31. Coarse crackles are...
The total amount of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature
Contracts

32. Typically - in the presence of obstructive disease - the flow-volume curve looks

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

33. Continuous lung sounds occur in the setting of...
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
80%
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing

34. Flow-Volume Curve: On a normal graph - the flow-volume curve is...
Shaped like a sail - rising rapidly to a sharp peak - then descending in a straight line at about a 45˚ angle
Tongue
require supplemental oxygenation and possibly ABG analysis
Terminal - and ultimately into respiratory bronchioles so small that each is associated with one acinus

35. The internal intercostals decrease the transverse diameter of the chest during
Expiration
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level
The rib above it

36. Normal lung sounds
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings

37. Cyanosis appears when
Perfusion
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly

38. The trachea divides into
right and left mainstem bronchi
Perfusion
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration

39. Coarse crackles result from
80 to 120% of predicted value
Air bubbles flowing through secretions or slightly closed airways during respiration
Increase the intrathoracic space
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings

40. Resistance is dependent upon
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance
Expiration
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli

41. PaCO2
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood
35 to 45 mmHg
No

42. With restrictive disease - the flow-volume curve is...
A reduction in lung capacity - secondary to scarring or extraneous material
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase
reduced in size - compared with a normal curve - due to lower lung volume

43. FIO2
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - chronic bronchitis - emphysema - and asthma
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)
Air bubbles flowing through secretions or slightly closed airways during respiration
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen

44. increased volume results in
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Decreased pressure
right and left mainstem bronchi
500 to 800 mL

45. At rest - the use of accessory muscles is a sign of...
Cough
70% occlusion of the airway
Significant pulmonary impairment
Blood to the alveoli

46. The trachea is how long/wide?
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
Nitrogen
Dullness replaces resonance
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature

47. The main bronchi are divided into smaller branches that begin to subdivide into
Spirometry
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration
PaCO2
Terminal - and ultimately into respiratory bronchioles so small that each is associated with one acinus

48. Bohr Effect of pH: right shift
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
Insufficient oxygenation of hemoglobin in the lungs
Heard over the periphery of the lung - are soft - low-pitched sounds - heard throughout inspiration - continue without pause through expiration - fade away about one third of the way through expiration
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume

49. Central cyanosis results from
Tongue
Perfusion
Insufficient oxygenation of hemoglobin in the lungs
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches

50. Pulse Oximetry is dependent on...
Shaped like a sail - rising rapidly to a sharp peak - then descending in a straight line at about a 45˚ angle
Spirometry
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval
A pulsatile blood flow - therefore it may be inaccurate in situations that result in peripheral vasoconstriction