Test your basic knowledge |

Pulmonology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Dyspnea is defined as
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration - performed as rapidly and forcefully as possible
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Spirometry in the diagnosis - severity staging - and monitoring of these conditions

2. Normal lung sounds
Ventilation
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen
Mouth as well as through the chest wall
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds

3. Pulse oximetry limitations: what may be misinterpreted as oxygenated hemoglobin?
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
Carboxyhemoglobin
500 to 800 mL
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level

4. Resistance is dependent upon
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
Total lung capacity (TLC)

5. inspiratory reserve
respiration
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
Soft - high-pitched and crisp

6. Discontinuous lung sounds are also called

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

7. The vital capacity and the residual volume together constitute the...
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Excessive secretions and abnormal airway collapsibility
reduced in size - compared with a normal curve - due to lower lung volume
Carboxyhemoglobin

8. Apnea is defined as
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Spirometry
No respiration for > 20 seconds

9. increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity by flattening the diaphragm and elevating the ribs
Spirometry
Inspiration
respiration
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL

10. What chest radiography is used for unstable patients or those unable to stand during the X-ray?
No
Carboxyhemoglobin
Portable antero-posterior (AP) view
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have

11. Patients with restrictive disease have low
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation
Portable antero-posterior (AP) view
Increased Hb-O2 affinity

12. office-based spirometry is recommended for patients as young as
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
Acinus
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series

13. The lungs are paired - cone-shaped organs in the thoracic cavity separated By what space?
Graphic representations of the patient's efforts in the form of a flow-volume curve and a volume-time curve
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have
Mediastinum

14. 78.08% Atmospheric Composition
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration
No
Nitrogen
An increase in airway resistance as a result of a reduction of elastic recoil and /or compromise of the air passage

15. A state-of-the-art - inexpensive - non-invasive - simple method to monitor a patient's percent hemoglobin saturation with oxygen (SaO2) - without having to obtain an arterial blood specimen
Contracts
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches
Blue or bluish-gray discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes
Pulse oximetry

16. Pulse Oximetry: The amount of absorption differs depending on whether the hemoglobin is...
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level
Contracts
Perfusion
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated

17. PAO2
Outer surface of each lung
release of O2 from Hb - as heat is a by-product of metabolism.
release of O2 from Hb
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli

18. Continuous lung sounds occur in the setting of...
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
Oxygen (O2)
Blood to the alveoli

19. At rest - the use of accessory muscles is a sign of...
Significant pulmonary impairment
Graphic representations of the patient's efforts in the form of a flow-volume curve and a volume-time curve
To assess response to treatment
500 to 800 mL

20. Abnormal lung sounds are classified as
Either continuous or discontinuous
Portable antero-posterior (AP) view
Graphic representations of the patient's efforts in the form of a flow-volume curve and a volume-time curve
The atmospheric pressure

21. Spirometry: The result is stated as
Increased Hb-O2 affinity
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers

22. Expiratory stridor indicates
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
50%
Increased Hb-O2 affinity

23. Auscultation of the chest depends on...
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
Either continuous or discontinuous
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
Left upper lobe

24. Spirometry can be used to determine the severity of functional impairment as well as
500 to 800 mL
Acinus
To assess response to treatment
right

25. The interspace between two ribs (intercostal space) is numbered by
Bicarbonate
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
The rib above it
release of O2 from Hb

26. The pattern of breathing refers to...
Spirometry
Blue or bluish-gray discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes
respiratory rate and rhythm - the depth of breathing - and the relative amount of time spent in inspiration and expiration
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration that cannot be exhaled due to the limit of elasticity - or because of the trapping of air in disease states

27. A normal volume-time curve rises
quickly - usually reaching a plateau within 6.0 seconds
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality
A good effort
Inspiration

28. Nitroglycerin applied to the probe area has been reported to...
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site
The gas in the conducting airways does not participate in alveolar exchange
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood

29. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is...
Bicarbonate
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site

30. The main bronchi are divided into smaller branches that begin to subdivide into
Terminal - and ultimately into respiratory bronchioles so small that each is associated with one acinus
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm
Outer surface of each lung
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration

31. FIO2
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level
Pressure required to drive air through the airways
An increase in airway resistance as a result of a reduction of elastic recoil and /or compromise of the air passage
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen

32. Continuous lung sounds occur when air flows rapidly through bronchi that are...
Decreased pressure
Either continuous or discontinuous
Heard over the periphery of the lung - are soft - low-pitched sounds - heard throughout inspiration - continue without pause through expiration - fade away about one third of the way through expiration
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure

33. The trachea is how long/wide?
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
The total amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximal inhalation
Bicarbonate

34. vital capacity (VC)
The total amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximal inhalation
The total amount of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration
Pleural space

35. Pulse Oximetry is dependent on...
Increased Hb-O2 affinity
Shaped like a sail - rising rapidly to a sharp peak - then descending in a straight line at about a 45˚ angle
A pulsatile blood flow - therefore it may be inaccurate in situations that result in peripheral vasoconstriction
Mediastinum

36. Continuous lung sounds occur during...
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep
Expiration
Mouth as well as through the chest wall
Either inspiration or expiration

37. pain in lung conditions usually arises from
Inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura
The right middle lobe
Observing the pattern of breathing
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have

38. HCO3
Inspiration
Bicarbonate
The rib above it
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation

39. Patients with obstructive disease have normal
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
Pulse oximetry

40. A means of measuring the movement of air into and out of the lungs during various breathing maneuvers
Spirometry
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality
respiration
Portable antero-posterior (AP) view

41. The visceral pleura lines the...
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration - performed as rapidly and forcefully as possible
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
Outer surface of each lung
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion

42. tidal volume (Vt)
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
Observing the pattern of breathing
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions

43. An efficient approach to examination of the patient begins with
Spirometry
Shaped like a sail - rising rapidly to a sharp peak - then descending in a straight line at about a 45˚ angle
Observing the pattern of breathing
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have

44. The muscles of inspiration are the...
Diaphragm - External Intercostals
Number of pillows the patient uses for sleeping - or by the fact that the patient needs to sleep sitting up
right
80%

45. Pectoriloquy
Graphic representations of the patient's efforts in the form of a flow-volume curve and a volume-time curve
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality

46. terminal respiratory unit
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion
Acinus
An increase in airway resistance as a result of a reduction of elastic recoil and /or compromise of the air passage
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration

47. increased volume results in
Pneumonia - obstructive lung disease - and late pulmonary edema
Either inspiration or expiration
Decreased pressure
right

48. Normal range of PaCO2
The gas in the conducting airways does not participate in alveolar exchange
35 to 45 mmHg
Either continuous or discontinuous
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume

49. Bronchophony
A good effort
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
Interstitial diseases or early pulmonary edema
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words

50. Chest Radiography: The most common chest X-ray series is the...
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL
Alveoli to the blood
Mouth as well as through the chest wall
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series