Test your basic knowledge |

Pulmonology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Orthopnea is defined as
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position

2. Flow-Volume Curve: On a normal graph - the flow-volume curve is...
35 to 45 mmHg
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time
Shaped like a sail - rising rapidly to a sharp peak - then descending in a straight line at about a 45˚ angle
70% occlusion of the airway

3. The tracheo-bronchial tree is a tubular system that provides a pathway for
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches
No

4. Cyanosis is caused by
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
The ratio of the FEV1 to the forced vital capacity - and it is expressed as a percentage (FEV1%)

5. PAO2
Mediastinum
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
Ventilation
Total lung capacity (TLC)

6. Factors that influence the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin
80%
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) - Bohr effect of pH - Temperature
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume

7. Pulse oximetry determines the percent of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen by way of...
right
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
No respiration for > 20 seconds
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words

8. Spirometry: The result is stated as
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration
Tongue
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide

9. Auscultation of the chest depends on...
Decreased pressure
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration
Mediastinum

10. increased volume results in
Decreased pressure
50%
No respiration for > 20 seconds
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds

11. 78.08% Atmospheric Composition
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
Nitrogen
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Diffusion

12. Continuous lung sounds occur in the setting of...
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
Diaphragm - External Intercostals
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration

13. The trachea bifurcates into its mainstem bronchi at the level of...
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
Bicarbonate
right and left mainstem bronchi
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly

14. Peripheral cyanosis results from
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature
Pleural space
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli

15. Tachypnea is an
Either inspiration or expiration
Spirometry
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume
Blood to the alveoli

16. Continuous lung sounds occur during...
Either inspiration or expiration
Inspiration
results in a lower than normal FEV1%
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position

17. Coarse crackles are...
PaCO2
No respiration for > 20 seconds
reduced in size - compared with a normal curve - due to lower lung volume
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration

18. The internal intercostals decrease the transverse diameter of the chest during
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
Tongue
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Expiration

19. expiratory reserve
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume
The amount of air that can be exhaled after expiration
Carboxyhemoglobin
Cough

20. Typically - in the presence of obstructive disease - the flow-volume curve looks

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

21. pH
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood
Either inspiration or expiration

22. tidal volume (Vt)
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide
Air bubbles flowing through secretions or slightly closed airways during respiration
Binding of O2 to Hb

23. Pulse Oximetry is dependent on...
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration
A pulsatile blood flow - therefore it may be inaccurate in situations that result in peripheral vasoconstriction

24. The best indicator of adequate ventilation is the...
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
A pulsatile blood flow - therefore it may be inaccurate in situations that result in peripheral vasoconstriction
PaCO2
The rib above it

25. Expiratory stridor indicates
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)
'adventitious' breath sounds
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene Muscles
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position

26. Resistance is dependent upon
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene Muscles
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality

27. The lungs are paired - cone-shaped organs in the thoracic cavity separated By what space?
Right
Mediastinum
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy

28. Pulse oximetry limitations: what may be misinterpreted as oxygenated hemoglobin?
Carboxyhemoglobin
35 to 45 mmHg
Tongue
Larger airways

29. residual volume
Increased Hb-O2 affinity
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration that cannot be exhaled due to the limit of elasticity - or because of the trapping of air in disease states

30. Bronchophony
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
The right middle lobe
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words

31. What is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae?
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
An increase in airway resistance as a result of a reduction of elastic recoil and /or compromise of the air passage
Pleural space
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration that cannot be exhaled due to the limit of elasticity - or because of the trapping of air in disease states

32. Late inspiratory crackles result from
Blood to the alveoli
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli

33. FEV1% in restrictive disease
Either continuous or discontinuous
Normal to increased FEV1%
respiration
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height

34. Oxygen moves from the...
Alveoli to the blood
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds
Diffusion
Mouth as well as through the chest wall

35. The volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of normal expiration is called the...
right
Carboxyhemoglobin
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood
Functional residual capacity (FRC)

36. The use of accessory muscles (contraction of the sternocleidomastoid or supraclavicular muscles during inspiration) indicates
To assess response to treatment
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
Increased work of breathing
Perfusion

37. increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity by flattening the diaphragm and elevating the ribs
70%
Inspiration
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
Increased work of breathing

38. FIO2
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
Perfusion
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen

39. Percussion helps you establish whether the underlying tissues are...
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
Binding of O2 to Hb
A pulsatile blood flow - therefore it may be inaccurate in situations that result in peripheral vasoconstriction

40. What occurs passively as muscles relax?
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)
Expiration
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers
Diffusion

41. normal subjects expel approximately how much of the FVC in the 1st second?
A pulsatile blood flow - therefore it may be inaccurate in situations that result in peripheral vasoconstriction
80 to 120% of predicted value
respiratory rate and rhythm - the depth of breathing - and the relative amount of time spent in inspiration and expiration
80%

42. HCO3
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure
right
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) - Bohr effect of pH - Temperature
Bicarbonate

43. Examples of obstructive disease
The ratio of the FEV1 to the forced vital capacity - and it is expressed as a percentage (FEV1%)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - chronic bronchitis - emphysema - and asthma
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) - Bohr effect of pH - Temperature
Larger airways

44. Cyanosis appears when
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
To assess response to treatment
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers

45. Rhonchi originate in the...
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
Alveoli to the blood
Larger airways

46. Obstructive disease refers to...
A good effort
An increase in airway resistance as a result of a reduction of elastic recoil and /or compromise of the air passage
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration that cannot be exhaled due to the limit of elasticity - or because of the trapping of air in disease states

47. Spirometry plots
PaCO2
Mouth as well as through the chest wall
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds
Number of pillows the patient uses for sleeping - or by the fact that the patient needs to sleep sitting up

48. office-based spirometry is recommended for patients as young as
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds
Elasticity of the lung - reflects a measure of the ease of its distension - or the volume change resulting from the application of a pressure differential
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility

49. Boyle's Gas Law
right and left mainstem bronchi
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration
Observing the pattern of breathing
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume

50. most important factor that influences the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax
The total amount of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation