Test your basic knowledge |

Pulmonology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. the process by which gases in the alveoli and the blood exchange by way of the alveolar-capillary membrane
Decreased pressure
quickly - usually reaching a plateau within 6.0 seconds
Pulse oximetry
Diffusion

2. Pectoriloquy
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep

3. The lungs are paired - cone-shaped organs in the thoracic cavity separated By what space?
quickly - usually reaching a plateau within 6.0 seconds
Mediastinum
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly

4. Coarse crackles are heard in
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)
Pneumonia - obstructive lung disease - and late pulmonary edema
Increased work of breathing
Carboxyhemoglobin

5. Airway resistance refers to...
Pressure required to drive air through the airways
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions

6. Rhonchi frequently clear after
Cough
Right
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
Ventilation

7. What chest radiography is used for unstable patients or those unable to stand during the X-ray?
Portable antero-posterior (AP) view
Oxygen (O2)
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume
35 to 45 mmHg

8. Carbon dioxide moves from the...
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series
Pressure required to drive air through the airways
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
Blood to the alveoli

9. increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity by flattening the diaphragm and elevating the ribs
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
50%
PaCO2
Inspiration

10. The muscles of expiration are the...
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
Elasticity of the lung - reflects a measure of the ease of its distension - or the volume change resulting from the application of a pressure differential
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility

11. The internal intercostals decrease the transverse diameter of the chest during
The right middle lobe
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration - performed as rapidly and forcefully as possible
Expiration

12. Rhonchi
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality
Expiration
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated

13. The purpose of respiration is to...
Carboxyhemoglobin
The amount of air that can be exhaled after expiration
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide

14. Oxygen moves from the...
'adventitious' breath sounds
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)
Inspiration
Alveoli to the blood

15. Normal lung sounds
Carboxyhemoglobin
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
Acinus

16. expiratory reserve
reduced in size - compared with a normal curve - due to lower lung volume
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)
The amount of air that can be exhaled after expiration
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly

17. Nitroglycerin applied to the probe area has been reported to...
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
50%
The right middle lobe
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site

18. Percussion helps you establish whether the underlying tissues are...
35 to 45 mmHg
results in a lower than normal FEV1%
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
Cough

19. Restrictive Disease: Expiratory volume is reduced more than
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
A reduction in lung capacity - secondary to scarring or extraneous material
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL

20. Pulse Oximetry is dependent on...
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide
A pulsatile blood flow - therefore it may be inaccurate in situations that result in peripheral vasoconstriction
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
Outer surface of each lung

21. residual volume
Increase the intrathoracic space
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration that cannot be exhaled due to the limit of elasticity - or because of the trapping of air in disease states
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words

22. a visible and palpable angulation of the sternum - and the point at which the second rib articulates with the sternum
Spirometry
The ratio of the FEV1 to the forced vital capacity - and it is expressed as a percentage (FEV1%)
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)

23. Patients with obstructive disease have normal
Shaped like a sail - rising rapidly to a sharp peak - then descending in a straight line at about a 45˚ angle
The rib above it
50%
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly

24. Sharp peaks and smooth descents on the flow-volume curves - and a flat plateau at the end of the volume-time curve suggests
Pleural space
Tongue
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches
A good effort

25. Bohr Effect of pH: right shift
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
To assess response to treatment
Blood to the alveoli
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

26. The trachea bifurcates into its mainstem bronchi at the level of...
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
Spirometry
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli

27. Pulse oximetry limitations: what may be misinterpreted as oxygenated hemoglobin?
Acinus
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration
Carboxyhemoglobin
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)

28. An efficient approach to examination of the patient begins with
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have
Observing the pattern of breathing
right and left mainstem bronchi
Graphic representations of the patient's efforts in the form of a flow-volume curve and a volume-time curve

29. Does lung tissue have pain fibers?
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure
Contracts
No
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood

30. inspiratory reserve
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration

31. gas exchange across the alveolar-pulmonary capillary membranes
right and left mainstem bronchi
Diffusion
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint

32. The external intercostal muscles increase the antero-posterior chest diameter during
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval
Inspiration
The atmospheric pressure

33. A state-of-the-art - inexpensive - non-invasive - simple method to monitor a patient's percent hemoglobin saturation with oxygen (SaO2) - without having to obtain an arterial blood specimen
The ratio of the FEV1 to the forced vital capacity - and it is expressed as a percentage (FEV1%)
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)
'crackles' or 'rales'
Pulse oximetry

34. pH
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood
Pleural space
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly

35. The trachea divides into
Graphic representations of the patient's efforts in the form of a flow-volume curve and a volume-time curve
right and left mainstem bronchi
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
Heard over the periphery of the lung - are soft - low-pitched sounds - heard throughout inspiration - continue without pause through expiration - fade away about one third of the way through expiration

36. The acini consist of the...
Soft - high-pitched and crisp
Spirometry
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli

37. Orthopnea is defined as
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
Bicarbonate

38. movement of blood through the capillaries in direct communication with the alveoli
Perfusion
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
Either inspiration or expiration
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches

39. office-based spirometry is recommended for patients as young as
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have
Total lung capacity (TLC)
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility

40. forced vital capacity (FVC)
right and left mainstem bronchi
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration - performed as rapidly and forcefully as possible
Significant pulmonary impairment
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time

41. forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2
Heard over the periphery of the lung - are soft - low-pitched sounds - heard throughout inspiration - continue without pause through expiration - fade away about one third of the way through expiration

42. Rhonchi originate in the...
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
500 to 800 mL
Larger airways
The right middle lobe

43. The circulatory system transport of oxygen to - and carbon dioxide from - the peripheral tissues
A good effort
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
Perfusion

44. Pulmonary ventilation is varied by
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood

45. Hyperventilation is defined as
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
Increased work of breathing

46. Inspiratory stridor indicates
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) - Bohr effect of pH - Temperature
Soft - high-pitched and crisp
Cough
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)

47. Restrictive disease refers to...
Shaped like a sail - rising rapidly to a sharp peak - then descending in a straight line at about a 45˚ angle
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume
A reduction in lung capacity - secondary to scarring or extraneous material

48. Cyanosis appears when
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL
Inspiration
50%
A reduction in lung capacity - secondary to scarring or extraneous material

49. the lingula is analogous to...
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
The right middle lobe
Diffusion
'adventitious' breath sounds

50. Cyanosis is caused by
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
respiration