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Pulmonology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Continuous lung sounds
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation
No respiration for > 20 seconds
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second

2. hypocapnia
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Pneumonia - obstructive lung disease - and late pulmonary edema

3. Spirometry is useful in distinguishing
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
Obstructive lung disease from restrictive lung disease
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity

4. Spirometry plots
'crackles' or 'rales'
Cough
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality

5. With restrictive disease - the flow-volume curve is...
Contracts
reduced in size - compared with a normal curve - due to lower lung volume
Oxygen (O2)
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance

6. Percussion helps you establish whether the underlying tissues are...
Total lung capacity (TLC)
No
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis

7. normal subjects expel approximately how much of the FVC in the 1st second?
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
80%
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure

8. inspiratory reserve
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration
Ventilation

9. Pulse Oximetry does not detect
35 to 45 mmHg
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2
respiratory rate and rhythm - the depth of breathing - and the relative amount of time spent in inspiration and expiration
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation

10. increased volume results in
Decreased pressure
right and left mainstem bronchi
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
Blood to the alveoli

11. Normal range of PaCO2
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation
Increased work of breathing
35 to 45 mmHg

12. A normal volume-time curve rises
Diffusion
quickly - usually reaching a plateau within 6.0 seconds
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor

13. Inspiratory stridor indicates
'crackles' or 'rales'
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)
Either inspiration or expiration

14. Factors that influence the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin
Left upper lobe
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) - Bohr effect of pH - Temperature
Elasticity of the lung - reflects a measure of the ease of its distension - or the volume change resulting from the application of a pressure differential
right & left

15. Pulse Oximetry is dependent on...
respiratory rate and rhythm - the depth of breathing - and the relative amount of time spent in inspiration and expiration
A pulsatile blood flow - therefore it may be inaccurate in situations that result in peripheral vasoconstriction
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood
Pulse oximetry

16. Oxygen moves from the...
Alveoli to the blood
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
Diffusion
The total amount of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation

17. FIO2
The rib above it
50%
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration

18. The volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of normal expiration is called the...
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration
Perfusion
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis

19. Respiration involves
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers
Either inspiration or expiration

20. The presence of pressure gradients causes respiratory gases to move from
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy
The amount of air that can be exhaled after expiration
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series
Either continuous or discontinuous

21. Which lobe has an inferior tongue-like projection called the lingula?
Inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura
Left upper lobe
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen

22. Carbon dioxide moves from the...
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)
Inspiration
Blood to the alveoli
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood

23. Bronchiovesicular breath sounds
Inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position

24. The normal FEV1 /FVC ratio is...
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide
70%
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration - performed as rapidly and forcefully as possible

25. What is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae?
Pleural space
Oxygen (O2)
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)
Normal to increased FEV1%

26. The trachea divides into right and left mainstem bronchi At what level?
Inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped

27. The main bronchi are divided into smaller branches that begin to subdivide into
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'
50%
Decreased pressure
Terminal - and ultimately into respiratory bronchioles so small that each is associated with one acinus

28. The primary muscles of respiration are the...
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words
Pleural space
Diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2

29. Which bronchus is more susceptible to aspiration of foreign bodies?
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm
Observing the pattern of breathing
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
Right

30. tidal volume (Vt)
Left upper lobe
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
70%
Normal to increased FEV1%

31. Patients with restrictive disease have low
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have
Acinus
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series
Spirometry

32. Obstructive Disease: Expiratory airflow is reduced more than
respiration
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time
Either continuous or discontinuous

33. Discontinuous lung sounds are...
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
Outer surface of each lung
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality
Blue or bluish-gray discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes

34. Bohr Effect of pH: left shift
Increased Hb-O2 affinity
Interstitial diseases or early pulmonary edema
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - chronic bronchitis - emphysema - and asthma

35. Stridor is a high-pitched - noisy respiration - Which is indicative of...
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds
Inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura

36. Pulse oximetry determines the percent of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen by way of...
Observing the pattern of breathing
Acinus
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
Carboxyhemoglobin

37. Chest Radiography: The most common chest X-ray series is the...
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series
Acinus
Increased work of breathing
Increase the intrathoracic space

38. Pulse oximetry limitations: what may be misinterpreted as oxygenated hemoglobin?
Carboxyhemoglobin
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
Right
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)

39. HCO3
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
Bicarbonate
Acinus
Larger airways

40. Cyanosis is caused by
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
Soft - high-pitched and crisp
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)

41. Which lung has an oblique fissure?
Interstitial diseases or early pulmonary edema
A pulsatile blood flow - therefore it may be inaccurate in situations that result in peripheral vasoconstriction
The amount of air that can be exhaled after expiration
right & left

42. What change occurs when fluid or solid tissue replaces air-containing lung or occupies the pleural space beneath your percussing fingers?
80%
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli
Dullness replaces resonance

43. terminal respiratory unit
500 to 800 mL
Acinus
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume
results in a lower than normal FEV1%

44. PaCO2
Obstructive lung disease from restrictive lung disease
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration
quickly - usually reaching a plateau within 6.0 seconds

45. Restrictive disease refers to...
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
A reduction in lung capacity - secondary to scarring or extraneous material
Decreased pressure
right

46. The upper airway accounts For what % of airway resistance?
Left upper lobe
Right
50%
500 to 800 mL

47. The muscles of expiration are the...
release of O2 from Hb
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood
Either inspiration or expiration

48. PaO2
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
Observing the pattern of breathing
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood
right and left mainstem bronchi

49. Hyperventilation is defined as
Expiration
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - chronic bronchitis - emphysema - and asthma
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level

50. Spirometry can be used to determine the severity of functional impairment as well as
To assess response to treatment
The ratio of the FEV1 to the forced vital capacity - and it is expressed as a percentage (FEV1%)
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level
right & left