Test your basic knowledge |

Pulmonology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Continuous lung sounds occur in the setting of...
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
The ratio of the FEV1 to the forced vital capacity - and it is expressed as a percentage (FEV1%)
Either continuous or discontinuous
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood

2. At rest - the use of accessory muscles is a sign of...
No
Significant pulmonary impairment
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
right

3. The trachea is how long/wide?
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli
Spirometry in the diagnosis - severity staging - and monitoring of these conditions
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter

4. Restrictive Disease: Expiratory volume is reduced more than
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
70%
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) - Bohr effect of pH - Temperature
Nitrogen

5. A state-of-the-art - inexpensive - non-invasive - simple method to monitor a patient's percent hemoglobin saturation with oxygen (SaO2) - without having to obtain an arterial blood specimen
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
Left upper lobe
Pulse oximetry
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep

6. Coarse crackles are...
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration
The atmospheric pressure
right
Shaped like a sail - rising rapidly to a sharp peak - then descending in a straight line at about a 45˚ angle

7. office-based spirometry is recommended for patients as young as
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Observing the pattern of breathing
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)

8. Central cyanosis results from
Insufficient oxygenation of hemoglobin in the lungs
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

9. The muscles of expiration are the...
80 to 120% of predicted value
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis

10. Bohr Effect of pH: right shift
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
The gas in the conducting airways does not participate in alveolar exchange
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation

11. inspiratory reserve
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)
The rib above it
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration
Tongue

12. Abnormal lung sounds AKA

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

13. Obstructive Disease: Expiratory airflow is reduced more than
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion
Outer surface of each lung
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time

14. increased volume results in
release of O2 from Hb
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality
Decreased pressure
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter

15. Orthopnea is defined as
respiratory rate and rhythm - the depth of breathing - and the relative amount of time spent in inspiration and expiration
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position

16. Abnormal lung sounds are classified as
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL
reduced in size - compared with a normal curve - due to lower lung volume
Pressure required to drive air through the airways
Either continuous or discontinuous

17. HCO3
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen
Observing the pattern of breathing
Air bubbles flowing through secretions or slightly closed airways during respiration
Bicarbonate

18. Oximetry readings of < 94%
Increased work of breathing
Increase the intrathoracic space
Pulse oximetry
require supplemental oxygenation and possibly ABG analysis

19. Resistance is dependent upon
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'

20. Examples of obstructive disease
Terminal - and ultimately into respiratory bronchioles so small that each is associated with one acinus
Significant pulmonary impairment
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - chronic bronchitis - emphysema - and asthma
Mediastinum

21. Fine crackles are heard in
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase
Interstitial diseases or early pulmonary edema

22. The trachea divides into
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series
To assess response to treatment
Spirometry in the diagnosis - severity staging - and monitoring of these conditions
right and left mainstem bronchi

23. Oxygen moves from the...
Alveoli to the blood
Carboxyhemoglobin
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
Normal to increased FEV1%

24. What occurs passively as muscles relax?
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
Heard over the periphery of the lung - are soft - low-pitched sounds - heard throughout inspiration - continue without pause through expiration - fade away about one third of the way through expiration
Expiration
Obstructive lung disease from restrictive lung disease

25. Bohr Effect of pH is graphed as
Significant pulmonary impairment
Diffusion
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

26. FEV1% in restrictive disease
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration
Normal to increased FEV1%

27. The internal intercostals decrease the transverse diameter of the chest during
Expiration
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
Soft - high-pitched and crisp
Bicarbonate

28. FIO2
Terminal - and ultimately into respiratory bronchioles so small that each is associated with one acinus
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
reduced in size - compared with a normal curve - due to lower lung volume
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen

29. PAO2
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
Inspiration
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen

30. Percussion helps you establish whether the underlying tissues are...
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
Pleural space
No

31. An efficient approach to examination of the patient begins with
Observing the pattern of breathing
Increased work of breathing
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position

32. Spirometry is useful in distinguishing
Inspiration
Obstructive lung disease from restrictive lung disease
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation
Acinus

33. The active movement of gases between the ambient air and the lungs
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
Diffusion
Ventilation

34. Pulse oximetry limitations: what may be misinterpreted as oxygenated hemoglobin?
No respiration for > 20 seconds
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration
Carboxyhemoglobin

35. vital capacity (VC)
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
The total amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximal inhalation
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood
Shaped like a sail - rising rapidly to a sharp peak - then descending in a straight line at about a 45˚ angle

36. low CO2 = low acidity =
Binding of O2 to Hb
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood
require supplemental oxygenation and possibly ABG analysis
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation

37. Orthopnea is quantified by
Tongue
Inspiration
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - chronic bronchitis - emphysema - and asthma
Number of pillows the patient uses for sleeping - or by the fact that the patient needs to sleep sitting up

38. Boyle's Gas Law
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)

39. Discontinuous lung sounds are...
Expiration
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality
500 to 800 mL
Insufficient oxygenation of hemoglobin in the lungs

40. Typically - in the presence of obstructive disease - the flow-volume curve looks

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

41. 78.08% Atmospheric Composition
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood
To assess response to treatment
Nitrogen
Spirometry

42. Continuous lung sounds occur when air flows rapidly through bronchi that are...
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure
Number of pillows the patient uses for sleeping - or by the fact that the patient needs to sleep sitting up
Increased work of breathing

43. Obstructive disease refers to...
70% occlusion of the airway
Tongue
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood
An increase in airway resistance as a result of a reduction of elastic recoil and /or compromise of the air passage

44. Cyanosis
Blue or bluish-gray discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes
Obstructive lung disease from restrictive lung disease
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature

45. Rhonchi
35 to 45 mmHg
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration
80 to 120% of predicted value

46. The muscles of inspiration are the...
80 to 120% of predicted value
Diaphragm - External Intercostals
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words

47. Auscultation of the chest depends on...
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen
Cough
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation

48. Late inspiratory crackles result from
Pleural space
Total lung capacity (TLC)
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood

49. Pulse oximetry determines the percent of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen by way of...
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
Perfusion

50. The use of accessory muscles (contraction of the sternocleidomastoid or supraclavicular muscles during inspiration) indicates
require supplemental oxygenation and possibly ABG analysis
Inspiration
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
Increased work of breathing