Test your basic knowledge |

Pulmonology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. increased volume results in
Decreased pressure
Soft - high-pitched and crisp
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
The amount of air that can be exhaled after expiration

2. normal adult tidal volume
The ratio of the FEV1 to the forced vital capacity - and it is expressed as a percentage (FEV1%)
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
Normal to increased FEV1%
500 to 800 mL

3. At rest - the use of accessory muscles is a sign of...
Pleural space
Oxygen (O2)
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure
Significant pulmonary impairment

4. Pectoriloquy
A good effort
Blue or bluish-gray discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers

5. Inspiratory stridor becomes evident at about
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
70% occlusion of the airway
A pulsatile blood flow - therefore it may be inaccurate in situations that result in peripheral vasoconstriction
Inspiration

6. An SaO2 of 90% correlates with a PaO2 as low as 59 and requires
70% occlusion of the airway
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
Pressure required to drive air through the airways
The rib above it

7. What change occurs when fluid or solid tissue replaces air-containing lung or occupies the pleural space beneath your percussing fingers?
Dullness replaces resonance
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
Pneumonia - obstructive lung disease - and late pulmonary edema

8. With restrictive disease - the flow-volume curve is...
Ventilation
Pleural space
reduced in size - compared with a normal curve - due to lower lung volume
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)

9. Pulse Oximetry: The oximeter's probe has a source of light of How many wavelengths?
Oxygen (O2)
Diffusion
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality

10. Discontinuous lung sounds are also called

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

11. dead space ventilation
The gas in the conducting airways does not participate in alveolar exchange
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
right and left mainstem bronchi
Outer surface of each lung

12. Tachypnea is an
80%
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume
No
Diaphragm and the intercostal muscles

13. The trachea divides into right and left mainstem bronchi At what level?
Soft - high-pitched and crisp
Acinus
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions

14. Spirometry plots
Diaphragm - External Intercostals
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds

15. During inspiration the diaphragm
Contracts
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'
respiratory rate and rhythm - the depth of breathing - and the relative amount of time spent in inspiration and expiration
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume

16. A means of measuring the movement of air into and out of the lungs during various breathing maneuvers
PaCO2
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
Spirometry

17. Normal range of PaCO2
Elasticity of the lung - reflects a measure of the ease of its distension - or the volume change resulting from the application of a pressure differential
35 to 45 mmHg
Tongue
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration

18. within limits - increased temperature =
release of O2 from Hb - as heat is a by-product of metabolism.
Decreased pressure
Observing the pattern of breathing
A good effort

19. FIO2
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen
'adventitious' breath sounds
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood
Observing the pattern of breathing

20. The spirometry printout usually includes

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

21. Fine crackles are...
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
70% occlusion of the airway
Soft - high-pitched and crisp
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli

22. An efficient approach to examination of the patient begins with
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position
Inspiration
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax
Observing the pattern of breathing

23. Which bronchus is more susceptible to aspiration of foreign bodies?
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
Either inspiration or expiration
Right
Spirometry

24. Respiration involves
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series
Terminal - and ultimately into respiratory bronchioles so small that each is associated with one acinus
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood

25. Rhonchi are due to...
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume
Carboxyhemoglobin
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have
Excessive secretions and abnormal airway collapsibility

26. Spirometry normal range
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen
Number of pillows the patient uses for sleeping - or by the fact that the patient needs to sleep sitting up
No
80 to 120% of predicted value

27. inspiratory reserve
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration
Increase the intrathoracic space
Pneumonia - obstructive lung disease - and late pulmonary edema
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid

28. The trachea divides into
70%
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
Increase the intrathoracic space
right and left mainstem bronchi

29. Resistance is dependent upon
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance
Heard over the periphery of the lung - are soft - low-pitched sounds - heard throughout inspiration - continue without pause through expiration - fade away about one third of the way through expiration

30. Continuous lung sounds occur when air flows rapidly through bronchi that are...
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) - Bohr effect of pH - Temperature
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers

31. Abnormal lung sounds AKA

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

32. During expiration - thoracic cavity volume decreases - and the intrapulmonary pressure becomes greater than
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words
The atmospheric pressure
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers

33. total lung capacity (TLC)
Dullness replaces resonance
The total amount of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood

34. movement of blood through the capillaries in direct communication with the alveoli
Perfusion
'crackles' or 'rales'
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume

35. The external intercostal muscles increase the antero-posterior chest diameter during
Outer surface of each lung
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase
Inspiration
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)

36. office-based spirometry is recommended for patients as young as
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
Larger airways
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
Perfusion

37. The upper airway accounts For what % of airway resistance?
PaCO2
50%
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin

38. pH
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene Muscles
respiratory rate and rhythm - the depth of breathing - and the relative amount of time spent in inspiration and expiration
Outer surface of each lung
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood

39. The accessory muscles are the...
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene Muscles
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy

40. The trachea is how long/wide?
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
Blue or bluish-gray discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration - performed as rapidly and forcefully as possible
Elasticity of the lung - reflects a measure of the ease of its distension - or the volume change resulting from the application of a pressure differential

41. Percussion helps you establish whether the underlying tissues are...
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
A pulsatile blood flow - therefore it may be inaccurate in situations that result in peripheral vasoconstriction
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration that cannot be exhaled due to the limit of elasticity - or because of the trapping of air in disease states
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing

42. Apnea is defined as
No respiration for > 20 seconds
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
Either inspiration or expiration
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation

43. gas exchange across the alveolar-pulmonary capillary membranes
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood
Diffusion
Carboxyhemoglobin
Tongue

44. forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen
Diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
70% occlusion of the airway

45. Cyanosis appears when
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL
Blood to the alveoli
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Spirometry

46. Restrictive Disease: Expiratory volume is reduced more than
80 to 120% of predicted value
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second
right & left
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor

47. Pulse Oximetry does not detect
A pulsatile blood flow - therefore it may be inaccurate in situations that result in peripheral vasoconstriction
Left upper lobe
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)

48. Rhonchi frequently clear after
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality
Increased Hb-O2 affinity
Interstitial diseases or early pulmonary edema
Cough

49. low CO2 = low acidity =
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy
Binding of O2 to Hb

50. What chest radiography is used for unstable patients or those unable to stand during the X-ray?
The total amount of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation
Portable antero-posterior (AP) view
80 to 120% of predicted value
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood