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Pulmonology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The normal FEV1 /FVC ratio is...
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality
Perfusion
70%
require supplemental oxygenation and possibly ABG analysis

2. normal adult tidal volume
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
results in a lower than normal FEV1%
500 to 800 mL
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches

3. inspiratory reserve
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers
Inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration

4. FIO2
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy
The atmospheric pressure

5. increased volume results in
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
The right middle lobe
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)
Decreased pressure

6. Rhonchi
PaCO2
The atmospheric pressure
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality

7. pain in lung conditions usually arises from
Inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura
Significant pulmonary impairment
Observing the pattern of breathing
Graphic representations of the patient's efforts in the form of a flow-volume curve and a volume-time curve

8. The circulatory system transport of oxygen to - and carbon dioxide from - the peripheral tissues
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration that cannot be exhaled due to the limit of elasticity - or because of the trapping of air in disease states
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax
Perfusion

9. Spirometry is useful in distinguishing
Insufficient oxygenation of hemoglobin in the lungs
Spirometry in the diagnosis - severity staging - and monitoring of these conditions
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
Obstructive lung disease from restrictive lung disease

10. The trachea is how long/wide?
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
Soft - high-pitched and crisp

11. Hyperventilation is defined as
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level
Diffusion

12. Restrictive Disease: Expiratory volume is reduced more than
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
No
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly

13. During inspiration the diaphragm
50%
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
Perfusion
Contracts

14. Continuous lung sounds often audible at the...
Perfusion
Mouth as well as through the chest wall
Diffusion
Diaphragm and the intercostal muscles

15. expiratory reserve
Pulse oximetry
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
Soft - high-pitched and crisp
The amount of air that can be exhaled after expiration

16. Coarse crackles result from
Increased work of breathing
Acinus
Perfusion
Air bubbles flowing through secretions or slightly closed airways during respiration

17. The muscles of expiration are the...
Diffusion
Increased Hb-O2 affinity
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
release of O2 from Hb

18. Spirometry normal range
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration
80 to 120% of predicted value
The total amount of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time

19. Which lobe has an inferior tongue-like projection called the lingula?
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - chronic bronchitis - emphysema - and asthma
Left upper lobe
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume

20. Chest Radiography: The most common chest X-ray series is the...
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy
The atmospheric pressure
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series

21. Expiratory stridor indicates
Spirometry
Spirometry
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)
respiratory rate and rhythm - the depth of breathing - and the relative amount of time spent in inspiration and expiration

22. Coarse crackles are heard in
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
'adventitious' breath sounds
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
Pneumonia - obstructive lung disease - and late pulmonary edema

23. pH
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood
Obstructive lung disease from restrictive lung disease
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood
PaCO2

24. Bohr Effect of pH: right shift
To assess response to treatment
Blood to the alveoli
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity

25. PACO2
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
Left upper lobe
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli
Inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura

26. FEV1/FVC
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
70%
The ratio of the FEV1 to the forced vital capacity - and it is expressed as a percentage (FEV1%)
Perfusion

27. The parietal pleura lines the...
quickly - usually reaching a plateau within 6.0 seconds
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
Interstitial diseases or early pulmonary edema
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm

28. The external intercostal muscles increase the antero-posterior chest diameter during
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2
Dullness replaces resonance
Inspiration
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - chronic bronchitis - emphysema - and asthma

29. Pulse Oximetry: The oximeter's probe has a source of light of How many wavelengths?
right & left
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
release of O2 from Hb - as heat is a by-product of metabolism.
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval

30. The purpose of respiration is to...
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide
quickly - usually reaching a plateau within 6.0 seconds

31. Rhonchi originate in the...
respiration
Larger airways
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature
'adventitious' breath sounds

32. Auscultation of the chest depends on...
Carboxyhemoglobin
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings

33. Coarse crackles are...
Total lung capacity (TLC)
'crackles' or 'rales'
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds

34. Carbon dioxide moves from the...
Blood to the alveoli
70%
quickly - usually reaching a plateau within 6.0 seconds
Expiration

35. Bohr Effect of pH is graphed as
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure
Diaphragm - External Intercostals
The ratio of the FEV1 to the forced vital capacity - and it is expressed as a percentage (FEV1%)
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

36. Nitroglycerin applied to the probe area has been reported to...
Dullness replaces resonance
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval
Perfusion

37. Which lung has a horizontal fissure?
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
right

38. Stridor is a high-pitched - noisy respiration - Which is indicative of...
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
require supplemental oxygenation and possibly ABG analysis
Decreased pressure
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality

39. Peripheral cyanosis results from
Mouth as well as through the chest wall
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature
Soft - high-pitched and crisp
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time

40. The acini consist of the...
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
Decreased pressure
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)

41. Patients with restrictive disease have low
Increased work of breathing
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2

42. An SaO2 of 90% correlates with a PaO2 as low as 59 and requires
Carboxyhemoglobin
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second
Spirometry

43. gas exchange across the alveolar-pulmonary capillary membranes
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy
release of O2 from Hb
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches
Diffusion

44. A means of measuring the movement of air into and out of the lungs during various breathing maneuvers
Significant pulmonary impairment
Larger airways
reduced in size - compared with a normal curve - due to lower lung volume
Spirometry

45. The main bronchi are divided into smaller branches that begin to subdivide into
500 to 800 mL
Diffusion
Terminal - and ultimately into respiratory bronchioles so small that each is associated with one acinus
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration - performed as rapidly and forcefully as possible

46. The vital capacity and the residual volume together constitute the...
A good effort
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Right
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid

47. Which bronchus is more susceptible to aspiration of foreign bodies?
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL
'adventitious' breath sounds
Right
Increased Hb-O2 affinity

48. residual volume
Spirometry in the diagnosis - severity staging - and monitoring of these conditions
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
Expiration
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration that cannot be exhaled due to the limit of elasticity - or because of the trapping of air in disease states

49. A normal volume-time curve rises
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)
Acinus
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm
quickly - usually reaching a plateau within 6.0 seconds

50. Oximetry readings of < 94%
The total amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximal inhalation
require supplemental oxygenation and possibly ABG analysis
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
Observing the pattern of breathing