Test your basic knowledge |

Pulmonology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. During inspiration the diaphragm
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm
Contracts
quickly - usually reaching a plateau within 6.0 seconds
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation

2. The volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of normal expiration is called the...
Spirometry in the diagnosis - severity staging - and monitoring of these conditions
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
Increased work of breathing
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches

3. Simple - objective - noninvasive diagnostic test can be performed with relative ease on patients who present with respiratory-related symptoms
Spirometry
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance
Either inspiration or expiration
right and left mainstem bronchi

4. a visible and palpable angulation of the sternum - and the point at which the second rib articulates with the sternum
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds
release of O2 from Hb
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality

5. Abnormal lung sounds are classified as
Either continuous or discontinuous
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood
Expiration
Normal to increased FEV1%

6. Pectoriloquy
Cough
Either inspiration or expiration
Blood to the alveoli
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers

7. pain in lung conditions usually arises from
release of O2 from Hb - as heat is a by-product of metabolism.
Inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura
Left upper lobe
Observing the pattern of breathing

8. pH
Number of pillows the patient uses for sleeping - or by the fact that the patient needs to sleep sitting up
Significant pulmonary impairment
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood

9. 78.08% Atmospheric Composition
Nitrogen
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration - performed as rapidly and forcefully as possible
Expiration
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli

10. What may prevent cyanosis from appearing?
Outer surface of each lung
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene Muscles
Portable antero-posterior (AP) view
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration

11. The parietal pleura lines the...
80%
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)
Right

12. Inspiratory stridor becomes evident at about
Tongue
70% occlusion of the airway
Excessive secretions and abnormal airway collapsibility
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated

13. Rhonchi occur during
Either inspiration or expiration
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity

14. At rest - the use of accessory muscles is a sign of...
Diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
Significant pulmonary impairment
reduced in size - compared with a normal curve - due to lower lung volume
Dullness replaces resonance

15. within limits - increased temperature =
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words
Air bubbles flowing through secretions or slightly closed airways during respiration
release of O2 from Hb - as heat is a by-product of metabolism.

16. Internationally recognized guidelines for management of asthma and COPD recommend the use of...
Increased Hb-O2 affinity
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide
Spirometry in the diagnosis - severity staging - and monitoring of these conditions
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality

17. The normal FEV1 /FVC ratio is...
quickly - usually reaching a plateau within 6.0 seconds
Heard over the periphery of the lung - are soft - low-pitched sounds - heard throughout inspiration - continue without pause through expiration - fade away about one third of the way through expiration
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
70%

18. Airway resistance refers to...
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
Right
Pressure required to drive air through the airways
Inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura

19. Continuous lung sounds
Normal to increased FEV1%
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality
Mouth as well as through the chest wall
Right

20. The external intercostal muscles increase the antero-posterior chest diameter during
Increased work of breathing
Perfusion
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'
Inspiration

21. most important factor that influences the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)
right
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood

22. Spirometry: The result is stated as
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
Pressure required to drive air through the airways
release of O2 from Hb
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm

23. Which lung has an oblique fissure?
Increased work of breathing
right & left
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance

24. Carbon dioxide moves from the...
Blood to the alveoli
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ions in the blood
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds
500 to 800 mL

25. What occurs passively as muscles relax?
Bicarbonate
Normal to increased FEV1%
Expiration
Perfusion

26. Cyanosis
Nitrogen
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
Blue or bluish-gray discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes

27. Resistance is dependent upon
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance
The gas in the conducting airways does not participate in alveolar exchange
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second
A reduction in lung capacity - secondary to scarring or extraneous material

28. 20.95% Atmospheric Composition
Diffusion
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration that cannot be exhaled due to the limit of elasticity - or because of the trapping of air in disease states
Oxygen (O2)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - chronic bronchitis - emphysema - and asthma

29. Discontinuous lung sounds are also called

30. dead space ventilation
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
The gas in the conducting airways does not participate in alveolar exchange
A reduction in lung capacity - secondary to scarring or extraneous material
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height

31. total lung capacity (TLC)
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality
The total amount of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation
Tongue

32. Restrictive Disease: Expiratory volume is reduced more than
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)
reduced in size - compared with a normal curve - due to lower lung volume
The total amount of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor

33. Tachypnea is an
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration - performed as rapidly and forcefully as possible
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
Tongue

34. Inspiratory stridor indicates
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)

35. forced vital capacity (FVC)
Diffusion
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration - performed as rapidly and forcefully as possible
Pulse oximetry
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have

36. The use of accessory muscles (contraction of the sternocleidomastoid or supraclavicular muscles during inspiration) indicates
Increased work of breathing
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion
Shaped like a sail - rising rapidly to a sharp peak - then descending in a straight line at about a 45˚ angle
Either inspiration or expiration

37. Patients with restrictive disease have low
The total amount of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality
Either inspiration or expiration
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have

38. Cyanosis is caused by
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
80%
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood

39. The primary muscles of respiration are the...
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words
Diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
Functional residual capacity (FRC)

40. The vital capacity and the residual volume together constitute the...
Total lung capacity (TLC)
The total amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximal inhalation
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
Oxygen (O2)

41. Patients with obstructive disease have normal
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
Insufficient oxygenation of hemoglobin in the lungs
Right
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature

42. The trachea divides into
The gas in the conducting airways does not participate in alveolar exchange
Interstitial diseases or early pulmonary edema
right and left mainstem bronchi
respiration

43. During expiration - thoracic cavity volume decreases - and the intrapulmonary pressure becomes greater than
The atmospheric pressure
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality

44. Continuous lung sounds often audible at the...
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Mouth as well as through the chest wall
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) - Bohr effect of pH - Temperature
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin

45. Examples of restrictive disease
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax
Decreased pressure
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
Acinus

46. Obstructive Disease: Expiratory airflow is reduced more than
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis

47. PAO2
Carboxyhemoglobin
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
To assess response to treatment
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration

48. The lungs are paired - cone-shaped organs in the thoracic cavity separated By what space?
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration
Mediastinum
Tongue

49. Bohr Effect of pH is graphed as
The right middle lobe
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
Diffusion
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

50. Rhonchi frequently clear after
Cough
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
Nitrogen