Test your basic knowledge |

Pulmonology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which lung has a horizontal fissure?
To assess response to treatment
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
right

2. FIO2
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume
Pressure required to drive air through the airways

3. The muscles of inspiration are the...
Larger airways
right
Diaphragm - External Intercostals
Heard over the periphery of the lung - are soft - low-pitched sounds - heard throughout inspiration - continue without pause through expiration - fade away about one third of the way through expiration

4. Rhonchi occur during
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy
Either inspiration or expiration
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance

5. The primary muscles of respiration are the...
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
Diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity

6. Continuous lung sounds occur in the setting of...
An increase in airway resistance as a result of a reduction of elastic recoil and /or compromise of the air passage
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
Diffusion
Acinus

7. Bohr Effect of pH is graphed as
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval

8. Stridor is a high-pitched - noisy respiration - Which is indicative of...
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality
Interstitial diseases or early pulmonary edema
Obstructive lung disease from restrictive lung disease
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx

9. Auscultation of the chest depends on...
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
results in a lower than normal FEV1%
Right
Decreased pressure

10. Bohr Effect of pH: left shift
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
Increased Hb-O2 affinity
Dullness replaces resonance
Outer surface of each lung

11. The muscles of expiration are the...
An increase in airway resistance as a result of a reduction of elastic recoil and /or compromise of the air passage
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume

12. Simple - objective - noninvasive diagnostic test can be performed with relative ease on patients who present with respiratory-related symptoms
Contracts
Spirometry in the diagnosis - severity staging - and monitoring of these conditions
Spirometry
right and left mainstem bronchi

13. The main bronchi are divided into smaller branches that begin to subdivide into
Terminal - and ultimately into respiratory bronchioles so small that each is associated with one acinus
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
results in a lower than normal FEV1%
require supplemental oxygenation and possibly ABG analysis

14. high CO2 = high acidity =
Right
No
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL
release of O2 from Hb

15. Chest Radiography: The most common chest X-ray series is the...
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
50%

16. PaCO2
Tongue
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
Insufficient oxygenation of hemoglobin in the lungs

17. Sharp peaks and smooth descents on the flow-volume curves - and a flat plateau at the end of the volume-time curve suggests
A good effort
Carboxyhemoglobin
No
The total amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximal inhalation

18. The diaphragm contracts and moves downward during inspiration - lowering the abdominal contents to...
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
Increase the intrathoracic space
80 to 120% of predicted value

19. Vesicular breath sounds
A reduction in lung capacity - secondary to scarring or extraneous material
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
Heard over the periphery of the lung - are soft - low-pitched sounds - heard throughout inspiration - continue without pause through expiration - fade away about one third of the way through expiration
Diaphragm - External Intercostals

20. The vital capacity and the residual volume together constitute the...
Expiration
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Either continuous or discontinuous
'adventitious' breath sounds

21. Abnormal lung sounds are classified as
Right
Acinus
Normal to increased FEV1%
Either continuous or discontinuous

22. Pulse Oximetry: The oximeter's probe has a source of light of How many wavelengths?
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli
80%
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin

23. The trachea is how long/wide?
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
The amount of air that can be exhaled after expiration
reduced in size - compared with a normal curve - due to lower lung volume
No respiration for > 20 seconds

24. The volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of normal expiration is called the...
Pleural space
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
The amount of air that can be exhaled after expiration
Outer surface of each lung

25. Cyanosis is caused by
The atmospheric pressure
Significant pulmonary impairment
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
Diaphragm and the intercostal muscles

26. Restrictive disease refers to...
The ratio of the FEV1 to the forced vital capacity - and it is expressed as a percentage (FEV1%)
A reduction in lung capacity - secondary to scarring or extraneous material
Nitrogen
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality

27. Which lobe has an inferior tongue-like projection called the lingula?
Left upper lobe
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
Significant pulmonary impairment
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood

28. Pulse Oximetry: The amount of absorption differs depending on whether the hemoglobin is...
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval
Spirometry
A site of obstruction above the vocal cords (supraglottic or glottic obstruction)
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated

29. During expiration - thoracic cavity volume decreases - and the intrapulmonary pressure becomes greater than
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy
Mouth as well as through the chest wall
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2
The atmospheric pressure

30. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is...
Soft - high-pitched and crisp
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated
Decreased pressure

31. Pulse oximetry determines the percent of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen by way of...
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL

32. Rhonchi are due to...
Excessive secretions and abnormal airway collapsibility
500 to 800 mL
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance
Spirometry

33. Cyanosis appears when
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
Either continuous or discontinuous
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL
Binding of O2 to Hb

34. Which bronchus is more susceptible to aspiration of foreign bodies?
Either inspiration or expiration
Right
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax

35. Compliance
Elasticity of the lung - reflects a measure of the ease of its distension - or the volume change resulting from the application of a pressure differential
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
Pleural space
Either continuous or discontinuous

36. low CO2 = low acidity =
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance
require supplemental oxygenation and possibly ABG analysis
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
Binding of O2 to Hb

37. The acini consist of the...
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli
Expiration
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration
The rib above it

38. Spirometry normal range
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL
80 to 120% of predicted value
70% occlusion of the airway

39. tidal volume (Vt)
Perfusion
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene Muscles
80%

40. office-based spirometry is recommended for patients as young as
Spirometry in the diagnosis - severity staging - and monitoring of these conditions
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
80%
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second

41. Bohr Effect of pH: right shift
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
Contracts
35 to 45 mmHg
Increase the intrathoracic space

42. Bronchiovesicular breath sounds
Obstructive lung disease from restrictive lung disease
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval
The rib above it

43. Percussion helps you establish whether the underlying tissues are...
Alveoli to the blood
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers

44. The trachea bifurcates into its mainstem bronchi at the level of...
The total amount of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation
Pressure required to drive air through the airways
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
Pleural space

45. gas exchange across the alveolar-pulmonary capillary membranes
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume
Diffusion
Carboxyhemoglobin
Inspiration

46. A state-of-the-art - inexpensive - non-invasive - simple method to monitor a patient's percent hemoglobin saturation with oxygen (SaO2) - without having to obtain an arterial blood specimen
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second
Significant pulmonary impairment
Pulse oximetry
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series

47. Spirometry can be used to determine the severity of functional impairment as well as
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
To assess response to treatment
Either continuous or discontinuous

48. The movement of air back and forth from the deepest reaches of the alveoli to the outside environment
Ventilation
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation
respiration
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)

49. dead space ventilation
Significant pulmonary impairment
The total amount of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second
The gas in the conducting airways does not participate in alveolar exchange

50. Tachypnea is an
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume