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Pulmonology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. increased volume results in
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion
The rib above it
Decreased pressure
Pressure required to drive air through the airways

2. Orthopnea is defined as
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position
Significant pulmonary impairment
Either inspiration or expiration

3. Pulse oximetry determines the percent of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen by way of...
right
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration - performed as rapidly and forcefully as possible
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation

4. Which lung has an oblique fissure?
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
Diffusion
Increase the intrathoracic space
right & left

5. increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity by flattening the diaphragm and elevating the ribs
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
Spirometry in the diagnosis - severity staging - and monitoring of these conditions
Inspiration

6. The muscles of expiration are the...
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
Cough
Diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped

7. The trachea is how long/wide?
Spirometry
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli
80 to 120% of predicted value

8. Bronchophony
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words
right & left
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure
Shaped like a sail - rising rapidly to a sharp peak - then descending in a straight line at about a 45˚ angle

9. forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)
Oxygen (O2)
Graphic representations of the patient's efforts in the form of a flow-volume curve and a volume-time curve
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second
Pleural space

10. 78.08% Atmospheric Composition
Expiration
Binding of O2 to Hb
Nitrogen
Increased Hb-O2 affinity

11. office-based spirometry is recommended for patients as young as
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height

12. Normal range of PaCO2
35 to 45 mmHg
Expiration
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL
50%

13. Simple - objective - noninvasive diagnostic test can be performed with relative ease on patients who present with respiratory-related symptoms
Pleural space
Spirometry
Blood to the alveoli
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time

14. dead space ventilation
The gas in the conducting airways does not participate in alveolar exchange
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)
Pulse oximetry

15. PACO2
Total lung capacity (TLC)
respiration
Outer surface of each lung
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli

16. FEV1% in restrictive disease
Decreased pressure
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
Normal to increased FEV1%

17. The vital capacity and the residual volume together constitute the...
Either inspiration or expiration
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Expiration
results in a lower than normal FEV1%

18. The use of accessory muscles (contraction of the sternocleidomastoid or supraclavicular muscles during inspiration) indicates
Increased work of breathing
Pulse oximetry
Normal to increased FEV1%
Acinus

19. PaO2
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood
500 to 800 mL

20. The pattern of breathing refers to...
'crackles' or 'rales'
respiratory rate and rhythm - the depth of breathing - and the relative amount of time spent in inspiration and expiration
'adventitious' breath sounds
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) - Bohr effect of pH - Temperature

21. The trachea bifurcates into its mainstem bronchi at the level of...
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
right
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration
Significant pulmonary impairment

22. What may prevent cyanosis from appearing?
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration
70%
Expiration
The atmospheric pressure

23. expiratory reserve
The amount of air that can be exhaled after expiration
The gas in the conducting airways does not participate in alveolar exchange
Blue or bluish-gray discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes
Pleural space

24. Pulse Oximetry: The amount of absorption differs depending on whether the hemoglobin is...
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds
Portable antero-posterior (AP) view

25. normal subjects expel approximately how much of the FVC in the 1st second?
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
80%
Pulse oximetry
A pulsatile blood flow - therefore it may be inaccurate in situations that result in peripheral vasoconstriction

26. Patients with restrictive disease have low
Blood to the alveoli
Lung volumes - but no difficulty or delay in exhaling what volume they do have
An increase in airway resistance as a result of a reduction of elastic recoil and /or compromise of the air passage
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration that cannot be exhaled due to the limit of elasticity - or because of the trapping of air in disease states

27. Obstructive Disease: Expiratory airflow is reduced more than
release of O2 from Hb
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility

28. Percussion helps you establish whether the underlying tissues are...
Diaphragm - External Intercostals
Acinus
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration that cannot be exhaled due to the limit of elasticity - or because of the trapping of air in disease states

29. Resistance is dependent upon
Speed of airflow - the higher the flow - the greater the resistance
Pneumonia - obstructive lung disease - and late pulmonary edema
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration
500 to 800 mL

30. high CO2 = high acidity =
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration
release of O2 from Hb
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation

31. FIO2
An increase in airway resistance as a result of a reduction of elastic recoil and /or compromise of the air passage
Excessive secretions and abnormal airway collapsibility
Either continuous or discontinuous
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen

32. Which lobe has an inferior tongue-like projection called the lingula?
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time
The gas in the conducting airways does not participate in alveolar exchange
Left upper lobe
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration

33. Orthopnea is quantified by
Number of pillows the patient uses for sleeping - or by the fact that the patient needs to sleep sitting up
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
Louder and higher in pitch - with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds - the expiratory phase lasting longer than inspiratory phase
Ventilation

34. An efficient approach to examination of the patient begins with
Observing the pattern of breathing
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
Diaphragm - External Intercostals

35. Abnormal lung sounds AKA

36. The internal intercostals decrease the transverse diameter of the chest during
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation
Expiration
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height

37. Compliance
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
Normal to increased FEV1%
Elasticity of the lung - reflects a measure of the ease of its distension - or the volume change resulting from the application of a pressure differential

38. Boyle's Gas Law
50%
Oxygen (O2)
Spirometry
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume

39. The upper airway accounts For what % of airway resistance?
500 to 800 mL
Number of pillows the patient uses for sleeping - or by the fact that the patient needs to sleep sitting up
50%
Perfusion

40. The spirometry printout usually includes

41. Pulse Oximetry: The oximeter's probe has a source of light of How many wavelengths?
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
Decreased pressure
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated
Diffusion

42. Continuous lung sounds occur in the setting of...
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
Bicarbonate
Contracts

43. Discontinuous lung sounds are also called

44. Spirometry plots
80%
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
A tracing of the lung volume against time in seconds

45. 20.95% Atmospheric Composition
Oxygen (O2)
Pressure required to drive air through the airways
results in a lower than normal FEV1%
No respiration for > 20 seconds

46. The trachea divides into right and left mainstem bronchi At what level?
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval

47. A state-of-the-art - inexpensive - non-invasive - simple method to monitor a patient's percent hemoglobin saturation with oxygen (SaO2) - without having to obtain an arterial blood specimen
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration - performed as rapidly and forcefully as possible
Pulse oximetry
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers

48. PaCO2
Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood
Expiration
500 to 800 mL
No respiration for > 20 seconds

49. hypocapnia
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation
Expiration
Right

50. The lungs are paired - cone-shaped organs in the thoracic cavity separated By what space?
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality
Nitrogen
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
Mediastinum