Test your basic knowledge |

Pulmonology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which bronchus is wider - shorter - and more vertically placed?
Right
respiration
Diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration

2. Continuous lung sounds occur during...
Portable antero-posterior (AP) view
Left upper lobe
Either inspiration or expiration
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level

3. The circulatory system transport of oxygen to - and carbon dioxide from - the peripheral tissues
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene Muscles
Perfusion
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
PaO2 is less than 40 mm Hg - and the unsaturated hemoglobin is 5 grams/dL

4. The muscles of expiration are the...
An area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration passively - with no expenditure of energy
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
quickly - usually reaching a plateau within 6.0 seconds
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm

5. Bronchophony
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Right
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words
Larger airways

6. Coarse crackles result from
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume
respiratory rate and rhythm - the depth of breathing - and the relative amount of time spent in inspiration and expiration
Air bubbles flowing through secretions or slightly closed airways during respiration
70%

7. FIO2
Tongue
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume

8. Typically - in the presence of obstructive disease - the flow-volume curve looks

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

9. The active movement of gases between the ambient air and the lungs
Number of pillows the patient uses for sleeping - or by the fact that the patient needs to sleep sitting up
Ventilation
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
Terminal - and ultimately into respiratory bronchioles so small that each is associated with one acinus

10. A means of measuring the movement of air into and out of the lungs during various breathing maneuvers
The total amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximal inhalation
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation
Spirometry
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)

11. Which lung has a horizontal fissure?
right
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume
Either continuous or discontinuous

12. Pulse Oximetry: The oximeter's probe has a source of light of How many wavelengths?
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion
The ratio of the FEV1 to the forced vital capacity - and it is expressed as a percentage (FEV1%)
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax

13. The best indicator of adequate ventilation is the...
Increase the intrathoracic space
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli
PaCO2
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site

14. Cyanosis
Blue or bluish-gray discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes
Blood to the alveoli
require supplemental oxygenation and possibly ABG analysis
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration

15. What is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae?
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm
Pleural space
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
Pressure required to drive air through the airways

16. Bohr Effect of pH is graphed as
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)
Pulse oximetry
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing

17. 20.95% Atmospheric Composition
Decreased pressure
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
Oxygen (O2)

18. Compliance
Elasticity of the lung - reflects a measure of the ease of its distension - or the volume change resulting from the application of a pressure differential
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)

19. Normal lung sounds
Cough
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality
Observing the pattern of breathing
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds

20. The movement of air back and forth from the deepest reaches of the alveoli to the outside environment
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches
respiration
Diffusion
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2

21. Late inspiratory crackles result from
No
respiration
Diffusion
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration

22. Obstructive disease refers to...
An increase in airway resistance as a result of a reduction of elastic recoil and /or compromise of the air passage
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) - Bohr effect of pH - Temperature
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2

23. Inspiratory stridor becomes evident at about
70% occlusion of the airway
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration - performed as rapidly and forcefully as possible
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature

24. The vital capacity and the residual volume together constitute the...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - chronic bronchitis - emphysema - and asthma
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Significant pulmonary impairment
Graphic representations of the patient's efforts in the form of a flow-volume curve and a volume-time curve

25. Spirometry normal range
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
80 to 120% of predicted value
No
Normal to increased FEV1%

26. Orthopnea is quantified by
Mediastinum
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
Number of pillows the patient uses for sleeping - or by the fact that the patient needs to sleep sitting up

27. Fine crackles are...
Soft - high-pitched and crisp
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words
Increase the intrathoracic space
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)

28. What occurs passively as muscles relax?
Right
Pulse oximetry
Expiration
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration

29. The external intercostal muscles increase the antero-posterior chest diameter during
Inspiration
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
Spirometry
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality

30. The trachea divides into right and left mainstem bronchi At what level?
Expiration
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
2 - each wavelength is partially absorbed by hemoglobin
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax

31. Abnormal lung sounds are classified as
Either continuous or discontinuous
Perfusion
Excessive secretions and abnormal airway collapsibility
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated

32. Continuous lung sounds often audible at the...
Perfusion
Elasticity of the lung - reflects a measure of the ease of its distension - or the volume change resulting from the application of a pressure differential
Mouth as well as through the chest wall
Oxygen (O2)

33. 78.08% Atmospheric Composition
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
Nitrogen
Either inspiration or expiration

34. increased volume results in
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
Decreased pressure
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)

35. Rhonchi
Oxygen (O2)
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality
Pneumonia - obstructive lung disease - and late pulmonary edema
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)

36. movement of blood through the capillaries in direct communication with the alveoli
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site
Perfusion
35 to 45 mmHg

37. Orthopnea is defined as
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration
Oxygen (O2)
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position
Spirometry

38. Pulse Oximetry does not detect
An increase in airway resistance as a result of a reduction of elastic recoil and /or compromise of the air passage
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2

39. Expiratory stridor indicates
From insufficient cardiac output - obstruction of blood flow - or vasoconstriction due to cold temperature
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation
Obstruction below the vocal cords (subglottic or tracheal obstruction)
Terminal - and ultimately into respiratory bronchioles so small that each is associated with one acinus

40. within limits - increased temperature =
Interstitial diseases or early pulmonary edema
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
Expiration
release of O2 from Hb - as heat is a by-product of metabolism.

41. Airway resistance refers to...
release of O2 from Hb - as heat is a by-product of metabolism.
Pressure required to drive air through the airways
Outer surface of each lung
Overcome some of the problems associated with low blood flow to the probe site

42. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is...
Dyspnea that awakens the patient several hours after going to sleep
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
Increased work of breathing

43. Rhonchi originate in the...
Larger airways
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds - about equal in length - sometimes separated by a silent interval
80 to 120% of predicted value
Diaphragm - External Intercostals

44. The most reliable site for detecting central cyanosis is the...
A pulsatile blood flow - therefore it may be inaccurate in situations that result in peripheral vasoconstriction
Cough
Contracts
Tongue

45. Factors that influence the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) - Bohr effect of pH - Temperature
35 to 45 mmHg
Mouth as well as through the chest wall
The total amount of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation

46. normal adult tidal volume
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words
500 to 800 mL
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches

47. Pulmonary ventilation is varied by
50%
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood

48. a visible and palpable angulation of the sternum - and the point at which the second rib articulates with the sternum
500 to 800 mL
Saturated with oxygen or unsaturated
Left upper lobe
Manubrio-sternal junction (angle of Louis)

49. Spirometry can be used to determine the severity of functional impairment as well as
To assess response to treatment
'crackles' or 'rales'
The rib above it
Spirometry

50. Examples of restrictive disease
Acinus
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax
Inspiration
Normal to increased FEV1%