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Pulmonology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The acini consist of the...
Either continuous or discontinuous
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli
Inside of the thoracic cavity wall and the upper surface of the diaphragm
Mediastinum

2. vital capacity (VC)
To assess response to treatment
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
The total amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximal inhalation

3. Spirometry normal range
80 to 120% of predicted value
right
Increased Hb-O2 affinity
The ratio of the FEV1 to the forced vital capacity - and it is expressed as a percentage (FEV1%)

4. At rest - the use of accessory muscles is a sign of...
Air bubbles flowing through secretions or slightly closed airways during respiration
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2
Significant pulmonary impairment
Ventilation

5. Pulmonary ventilation is varied by
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - chronic bronchitis - emphysema - and asthma
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
Brief - discrete - non-musical sounds with a popping quality

6. A means of measuring the movement of air into and out of the lungs during various breathing maneuvers
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
Spirometry
Expiratory volume - and there is a prolonged expiratory time

7. The use of accessory muscles (contraction of the sternocleidomastoid or supraclavicular muscles during inspiration) indicates
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood
Altering the respiratory rate and/or the tidal volume
Increased work of breathing
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly

8. The trachea is how long/wide?
Insufficient oxygenation of hemoglobin in the lungs
Anemia - since the oxygen saturation at which cyanosis becomes clinically apparent is a function of hemoglobin concentration
10 to 11 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter
Tongue

9. Percussion helps you establish whether the underlying tissues are...
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx
Contracts
Air-filled - fluid-filled - or solid
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint

10. office-based spirometry is recommended for patients as young as
500 to 800 mL
5 years - to detect obstruction and determine its reversibility
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide
Left upper lobe

11. Bronchophony
Total lung capacity (TLC)
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words
Pleural space
Either continuous or discontinuous

12. The diaphragm contracts and moves downward during inspiration - lowering the abdominal contents to...
Diffusion
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
Increase the intrathoracic space
Normal to increased FEV1%

13. Rhonchi originate in the...
The total amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximal inhalation
Larger airways
Increase the intrathoracic space
Spirometry

14. Continuous lung sounds
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration
Total lung capacity (TLC)
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality

15. Internationally recognized guidelines for management of asthma and COPD recommend the use of...
A reduction in lung capacity - secondary to scarring or extraneous material
Normal to increased FEV1%
Spirometry in the diagnosis - severity staging - and monitoring of these conditions
Partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood

16. Does lung tissue have pain fibers?
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
'crackles' or 'rales'
Increase the intrathoracic space
No

17. most important factor that influences the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin
No
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)
Either continuous or discontinuous
A series of tiny explosions when small airways - deflated during expiration - pop open during inspiration

18. FEV1% in restrictive disease
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint
Normal to increased FEV1%
'scooped out' or bowl-shaped
respiration

19. Rhonchi frequently clear after
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position
Wheezes - high-pitched - musical sounds - distinct whistling quality
Cough

20. Respiration involves
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level
Right

21. dead space ventilation
PaCO2
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli
Pneumonia - obstructive lung disease - and late pulmonary edema
The gas in the conducting airways does not participate in alveolar exchange

22. Fine crackles are...
Excessive secretions and abnormal airway collapsibility
Soft - high-pitched and crisp
release of O2 from Hb
respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - and alveoli

23. What change occurs when fluid or solid tissue replaces air-containing lung or occupies the pleural space beneath your percussing fingers?
35 to 45 mmHg
The ratio of the FEV1 to the forced vital capacity - and it is expressed as a percentage (FEV1%)
Mouth as well as through the chest wall
Dullness replaces resonance

24. Airway resistance refers to...
Pleural space
Pressure required to drive air through the airways
A percentage of predicted values - which are derived from normal individuals grouped by gender - age - and height
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2

25. The normal FEV1 /FVC ratio is...
There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
70%

26. Typically - in the presence of obstructive disease - the flow-volume curve looks

27. Continuous lung sounds occur when air flows rapidly through bronchi that are...
Bicarbonate
Obstructive lung disease from restrictive lung disease
Narrowed nearly to the point of closure
The spoken sound 'ee' as in 'bee' is heard by the ascultator as the 'a' in 'bay'

28. Which lung has a horizontal fissure?
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level
Cough
right
Ventilation - Diffusion - Perfusion

29. The trachea divides into
right and left mainstem bronchi
The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the pt speak or whispers
respiration
Perfusion

30. tidal volume (Vt)
Either inspiration or expiration
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
Blood to the alveoli

31. Vesicular breath sounds
Lung volumes - but find it difficult to exhale rapidly
Heard over the periphery of the lung - are soft - low-pitched sounds - heard throughout inspiration - continue without pause through expiration - fade away about one third of the way through expiration
The volume of air that is forcefully expired during the first second after a deep breath - or the portion of the FVC exhaled in one second
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation

32. Coarse crackles are...
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene Muscles
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
Louder - lower-pitched - and slightly longer in duration
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen

33. gas exchange across the alveolar-pulmonary capillary membranes
Internal Intercostals - Internal and External Obliques - Transversus Abdominis
Diffusion
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) - Bohr effect of pH - Temperature
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide

34. Spirometry can be used to determine the severity of functional impairment as well as
Mouth as well as through the chest wall
Diffusion
Expiration
To assess response to treatment

35. Bohr Effect of pH is graphed as
Mediastinum
Carboxyhemoglobin
Alveolar and interstitial processes such as edema - fibrosis - and infection; large - space-occupying lesions; atelectasis; pleural effusion; and pneumothorax
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

36. FIO2
Hypoventilation or modest changes in the PaO2
Vesicular breath sounds - Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Bronchial breath sounds
Normal to increased FEV1%
Fraction (%age) of inspired oxygen

37. The visceral pleura lines the...
A sensor placed over a translucent area of arterial pulsation
Interstitial diseases or early pulmonary edema
Increased minute volume ventilation - which results in a lowered carbon dioxide level
Outer surface of each lung

38. 78.08% Atmospheric Composition
Pulse oximetry
Nitrogen
Increased Hb-O2 affinity
Upper respiratory obstruction - usually in the trachea or larynx

39. Coarse crackles are heard in
Obstructive lung disease from restrictive lung disease
Pneumonia - obstructive lung disease - and late pulmonary edema
Decreased Hb-O2 affinity
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli

40. Rhonchi
Inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura
Number of pillows the patient uses for sleeping - or by the fact that the patient needs to sleep sitting up
Either inspiration or expiration
Continuous lung sound - lower-pitched - snoring sounds - may have a gurgling quality

41. hypocapnia
Observing the pattern of breathing
Lowered carbon dioxide level - results from hyperventilation
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath during normal - quiet breathing
50%

42. FEV1/FVC
While ascultating remote from the bronchi & larynx - the examiner can hear the speaking pts laryngeal (bronchial) sounds - while not being able to distinguish the words
The ratio of the FEV1 to the forced vital capacity - and it is expressed as a percentage (FEV1%)
Spirometry in the diagnosis - severity staging - and monitoring of these conditions
Postero-anterior (PA) and lateral view series

43. The purpose of respiration is to...
80%
Keep the body adequately supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide
The sternal angle of Louis anteriorly - and the T4 spinous process posteriorly
Immediate oxygenation with or without intubation

44. The volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of normal expiration is called the...
Blue or bluish-gray discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes
results in a lower than normal FEV1%
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
T4 or T5 - and just below the manubrio-sternal joint

45. Rhonchi are due to...
Dyspnea upon assuming a recumbent position
Expiratory airflow - the expiratory time is very short - and chest expansion is poor
Excessive secretions and abnormal airway collapsibility
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene Muscles

46. The active movement of gases between the ambient air and the lungs
Obstructive lung disease from restrictive lung disease
Bronchospasm - mucosal edema - or excessive secretions
Ventilation
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume

47. Pulse oximetry limitations: what may be misinterpreted as oxygenated hemoglobin?
A reliable and consistent classification of auditory findings
Carboxyhemoglobin
Normal to increased FEV1%
Oxygen (O2)

48. normal adult tidal volume
Perfusion
Excessive secretions and abnormal airway collapsibility
Either inspiration or expiration
500 to 800 mL

49. Cyanosis is caused by
Increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood
Air to move from the upper airway to the farthest alveolar reaches
Tongue
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) - Bohr effect of pH - Temperature

50. Restrictive disease refers to...
A reduction in lung capacity - secondary to scarring or extraneous material
Blood to the alveoli
Increased rate of breathing and is commonly associated with a decrease in tidal volume
The amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration