Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. which anatomical structures appear radiopaque
Nasal fossa - max sinus
Increase the area of radiation exposure
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
Dentin - enamel - bone

2. When using D speed film - you use 50 impulses of radiation. How many impulses would you use with E speed film?
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
Increase the exposure time
Every 6 mths
25

3. How long does the first rinse last
20 seconds
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
Higher kVp = low exposure
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp

4. How does reducing exposure to the patient benefit the operator
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated

5. desired thickness of lead apron
.25 mm
#0
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
Mand occlusal

6. What are the short term effects of radiation exposure
Density
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
No. 0

7. The cells from most sensitive to least sensitive
Dentin - enamel - bone
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
Patient positioned too far to the left

8. What exposure is taken to determine jaw relationships in ortho treatment planning
5(n-18)
Lateral cephalometric
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
As far as practical

9. What is the most important step in panoramic radiography
Patient positioning
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
Patient movement
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA

10. using a 16 inch cone focal-film distance - the diameter of the beam measured at the patient's face should be no larger than
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
2.75 inch
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process

11. What is the most commonly used personnel monitoring devide for dental offices
Film badges
Excessive vertical angulation
Lead
MA & time

12. Proper patient positiong for paralleling

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

13. How do you determine How often to take radiographs
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
Every 6 mths
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
Evidence based selection criteria

14. What radiographs are used to locate a salivary stone in the submandibular duct
Mandibular occlusal
Shadow around the tooth
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp

15. Difference b/w direct and indirect exposure sensor?
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus

16. In which area of the tooth is interproximal caries often seen
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
Original - undeflected - useful beam
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam

17. What is the major diff. b/w particulate and electromagnetic radiation
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
Filtration and collimation
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects

18. you notice that the xrays you process are becoming successively lighter than the quality control film you compare it to. What should you do
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
KVp

19. How does exposure time differ b/w adults and children
Cut exposure time by 1/3
2.75 inches
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees

20. What is the most likely cause of a film with very poor definition
As low as reasonably achievable
Increase the area of radiation exposure
Patient movement
Tori

21. What radiographs are used to determine if a foreign object is located facially or lingually
Increase the exposure time
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
Occlusal
50 mSv (5rem)

22. On a mandibular molar PA - Where is the mylohoid ridge located
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
Sv & Rem
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark

23. What would happen to a film that is placed in the fixer prior to development
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
Long-term dose
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)

24. What is reticulation
Panoramic cape
Sv & Rem
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Filtration and collimation

25. What is the purpose of the embossed dot

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

26. How long are films fixed
GBX - 2
10 min (dbl the development time)
50 mSv (5rem)
5 min

27. What is the major use of cross sectional occlusal radiograph
1.5 mm
Focal spot
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues

28. What projection would you take for a patient complaining of pain in the lower left molar area
#2
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
Left molar PA
8-16 inches

29. What is the bremsstrahlung radiation
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
Shadow around the tooth
Short
Negative

30. What Size film is 1 1/16 x 2 1/8
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
Mandibular occlusal
Left side
No. 3

31. According to principles of shadow casting - preferred source-object distance
As far as practical
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
No. 4
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance

32. With What type film are intensifying screens used?
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
extraoral film
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it

33. What Size film is 1 1/4 x 1 5/8
Every 4 weeks
Negative
1/4 as intense
No. 2

34. 3 film holding devices used for paralleling
Move farther from the radiation
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
#4
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen

35. How does resolutiong and detial of a panoramic radiograph compare with that of PA's and BW's
Before fixing
No. 2
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image

36. an insurance company requests a patient's radiographs when examining a dental clain. you only have one copy of the radiographs. What should you do
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
7 1/2 or 15 watt
50 mSv (5rem)
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy

37. which dose of radiation is more biologically damaging
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
Insufficient or improper washing
Before fixing
1.5 mm

38. when duplicating radiographs - What side of the duplicating film is in contact with the radiograph to be duplicated
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up

39. when taking a PANO radiograph - the patient is placed too far into the machine. How will the radiograph appear
Left molar PA
Every 6 mths
Occlusal
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width

40. What are the 2 units used to measure exposure to radiation
2.75 inches
Insufficient vertical angulation
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)

41. What NC agency is resposible for monitoring dental x-ray equipment
Labial
DEHNR
1/4 as intense
Shadow around the tooth

42. What control factors effect the density of a radiograph
Roentgen
MA & time
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
10 min (dbl the development time)

43. What are automatic processors faster than manual processing?
Left molar PA
Occlusal
Panoramic cape
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time

44. What is the main source of radiation exposure to the operator
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Scatter/secondary radition
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells

45. What happens in the fixer
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Negative
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth

46. after processing exposed dental film - you notice dark spots on the film. What caused this
Focal spot
Filtration and collimation
Premature contact with developer
.25 mm

47. What part of the x-ray machine is responsible for providing the electrons
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
Filament
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F

48. How does exposure time for children compare to that of an adult
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA
1/3-1/2
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes

49. when viewing a PANO - you notice that a lot of spine sHows on both side of the film - What caused this
Lateral cephalometric
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
Positioning the arches too far foward
Doesn't matter

50. when mounting a film the dot is convex - On What side of the mouth would you find #32?
Clinical exam
Move farther from the radiation
Left side
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass