Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What happens in the developer
Sv & Rem
Lead
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver

2. According to principles of shadow casting - How should the central beam be directed
Parallel
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
Gray & Rad

3. What NC agency is resposible for monitoring dental x-ray equipment
2.75 inches
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
DEHNR

4. When using D speed film - you use 50 impulses of radiation. How many impulses would you use with E speed film?
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
KVp
25
BW

5. What Size film is 2 1/4 x 3
No. 4
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark

6. A patient complains of pain in the upper molar region. What radiographic exposure should be made?
Vertical BW
As low as reasonably achievable
Periapical
25

7. you change you kVp from 90 to 70 and leave all other factors the same. What is the result
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density
Mand. foramen
Increase the exposure time
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -

8. How does exposure time differ b/w adults and children
Filtration and collimation
Focal spot
Cut exposure time by 1/3
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA

9. What causes foreshortening
Patient positioned too far to the left
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Excessive vertical angulation
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development

10. How does kVp affect patient exposure
Aluminum
Higher kVp = low exposure
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight
Central ray

11. What can be done to prevent air bubbles from being trapped on the surface of films during manual processing
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
#0
Insufficient vertical angulation
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD

12. you notice that the xrays you process are becoming successively lighter than the quality control film you compare it to. What should you do
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery
As far as practical
Cut exposure time by 1/3
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer

13. Size film used for PA's on adults
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
#2
8-16 inches
Periapical examination - paralleling technique

14. Max molar anatomy
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas
Extra oral
.25 mm

15. What does alara stand for
Higher kVp = low exposure
Panoramic cape
As low as reasonably achievable
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver

16. What would cause increased magnification - decreased resolution and edge sharpness
Before fixing
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
Mandibular occlusal

17. What is the best way to reduce exposure to patient
Rectangular collimation
Gray & Rad
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
Copper stem - radiator and air space

18. What type film is faster - intraoral or extraoral
invisible -travel in straight lines -no mass/weight -travel and speed of light -no charge -interact w/ matter causing ionization -can penetrate opaque tissues and structures -can effect photographic film emulsion -can effect biologic tissue
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Genetic cells
Extra oral

19. What projection would you take for a patient complaining of pain in the lower left molar area
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
4 feet
5 min
Left molar PA

20. What is the emulsion composed of?
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
1/3-1/2
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA
Gelatin and silver halide crystals

21. What is the major use of cross sectional occlusal radiograph
locate retained roots -locate unerrupted or impacted teeth -evaluate for diseases and lesions -locate foreign bodies -reveal presence of salivary stones (sialothiths) -aid in evaluating fractures -size and shape of tori -aid in examining patients wit
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
Patient positioned too far to the left
20 min

22. How long is the final rinse
locate retained roots -locate unerrupted or impacted teeth -evaluate for diseases and lesions -locate foreign bodies -reveal presence of salivary stones (sialothiths) -aid in evaluating fractures -size and shape of tori -aid in examining patients wit
As close as possible
Nasal fossa - max sinus
20 min

23. What device is used to check quality of processing chemicals
Step-wedge or test film
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
Insufficient or improper washing
Mand occlusal

24. How often should developing solutions be changed
68 degrees F
Every 4 weeks
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.

25. What is the purpose of the lead foil?
Mand occlusal
Filtration and collimation
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging

26. What are three types of image receptors used in digital radiography
Focal spot
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
CCD (direct) - CMOS (direct) - PSP (indirect)
2.75 inches

27. 1/10th dosage of gen. public - What are photons
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Rectangular collimation
Quantum of energy
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)

28. According to the principles of shadow casting - preferred object-film distance
Patient movement
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
As close as possible
Insufficient or improper washing

29. What must a patient remove before taking a PANO
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
Mandibular lateral/central
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers

30. your dentist recommends that a patient have xrays taken - bu the patient refuses. What should be done

31. What must be done to xray fixer priod to disposal
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
Genetic cells
Remove silver
Not centered on sensor

32. when viewing a radiograph - the tooth looks normal in size and shape; However - there is a large blank space at the incisal edge and the apices are missing. What caused this error
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough
15 impulses

33. What is the purpose of filtration
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
Mand occlusal
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
10 min (dbl the development time)

34. your film badge report sHows that you have received a small amt. of radiation. What should you do
Mand occlusal
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease

35. How are stabe film holders sterilized b/w uses
.25 mm
Increase the exposure time
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices

36. When interpreting radiographs - you notice a radiopaque extension or spur off the proximal surface of #30. What do you think this is?
No. 0
5(n-18)
Filament
The mental ridge

37. What are filters made out of...
Shadow around the tooth
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis
Aluminum
Extra oral

38. What is reticulation
MA & time
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
Remove silver

39. What film would be used to locate a foreign body in the bucco-lingual relationship
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
Occlucal
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production

40. How far from the work surface must the safelight be mounted
Copper stem - radiator and air space
GBX - 2
4 feet
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting

41. What is added filtration
Short
Step-wedge or test film
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Incorrect horrizontal angulation

42. What is the max. permissable fose for radiation workers in systeme interventional units
50 mSv (5rem)
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
20 seconds
KVp

43. What 3 types of cells are most radioresistant
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
20 seconds
Nerve - brain - muscle

44. What looking at manually processed films - you notice small black spots on the films. What caused those spots?
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
BW
Soft tissue - air space

45. What causes a HERRINGBONE effect
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
Reduce size and shape of beam
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
Film placed backwards

46. which dose of radiation is more biologically damaging
7 1/2 or 15 watt
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects

47. What are the 2 units used to measure exposure to radiation
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Chin down
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile

48. What speed films are most commonly used?
Shadow around the tooth
Negative
Scatter/secondary radition
D - E - F

49. What is the collimator made out of...
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info
Lead
Patient positioning
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells

50. How is vertical angulation established with the bisecting technique
#2
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Higher kVp = low exposure
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions