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Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. when taking a radiograph - you pulls the cone out about 6 inches from the patient's face. What is the result
Insufficient vertical angulation
Increase the area of radiation exposure
GBX - 2
Every 6 mths

2. What is the source-skin distance of x-ray machine that operates at 75 kVp
extraoral film
Positioning the arches too far foward
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
8-16 inches

3. On a mandibular molar PA - Where is the mylohoid ridge located
6 ft
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
Perpendicular to the tooth and film

4. What equation is used to calculate the accumulated MPD
Increase the area of radiation exposure
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
5(n-18)

5. What parts of the x-ray machine are included in the cathode circuit
5(n-18)
The mental ridge
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
Nasal fossa - max sinus

6. What is the collimator made out of...
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Lead
MA & time
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions

7. What part of the x-ray machine helps remove heat
Copper stem - radiator and air space
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
1/6th of a second
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head

8. when taking a PANO radiograph - the patient is placed too far into the machine. How will the radiograph appear
BW
10 min (dbl the development time)
Increase the exposure time
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width

9. What device is used to check quality of processing chemicals
Lateral cephalometric
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
No. 4
Step-wedge or test film

10. What Size film is 1 1/16 x 2 1/8
Panoramic cape
Every 4 weeks
No. 0
No. 3

11. How would a film appear if submerged totally in the developer but not in the fixer
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
Gray & Rad
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth

12. List the properties of x-rays
Increase the area of radiation exposure
.25 mm
Before fixing
invisible -travel in straight lines -no mass/weight -travel and speed of light -no charge -interact w/ matter causing ionization -can penetrate opaque tissues and structures -can effect photographic film emulsion -can effect biologic tissue

13. What are three types of image receptors used in digital radiography
MA & time
CCD (direct) - CMOS (direct) - PSP (indirect)
No. 1
Excessive vertical angulation

14. What causes teeth to appear very short and distorted
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
Scatter/secondary radition
Higher kVp = low exposure

15. What info should be recorded on the dental radiographic mount

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16. What causes missing apices
Insufficient vertical angulation
X-ray and heat
.25 mm
No exposure - or fixer before developer

17. How does radiation effect cells
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
No exposure - or fixer before developer
Ionization

18. What is the name for the part of the target that is struck by electrons
Focal spot
2.5 mm
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away

19. What is the purpose of the embossed dot

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20. What is the most likely cause of a film with very poor definition
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
Patient movement
20 seconds
Every 4 weeks

21. What looking at manually processed films - you notice small black spots on the films. What caused those spots?
Film placed backwards
15 impulses
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated

22. What periapical technique offers the best diagnostic quality?
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
No. 0
#1
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the

23. What is the primary beam
Erythema
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Chin down
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas

24. you notice that a radiograph taken several months ago is brown and spotted. What happened
MRI
Insufficient or improper washing
#2
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is

25. when viewing a PANO - you notice that a lot of spine sHows on both side of the film - What caused this
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
Positioning the arches too far foward
Erythema
Clinical exam

26. When can the films be exposed to white light
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
Density
Film placed backwards
No. 3

27. What radiographs are used to determine if a foreign object is located facially or lingually
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
As low as reasonably achievable
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Occlusal

28. What factors would decrease edge sharpness and increase magnification
Far object-image receptor distance
2.5 mm
#1 or #2 - placed so the edge of the receptor lines up behind the distal of the canine before the eruption of the permanent 2nd molar; - after the eruption of the perm. 2nd molar - 2 posterior PA's should be taken per quadrant
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development

29. when should radiographs be taken on a pregnant patient
Nerve - brain - muscle
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present

30. How often should an FMS be taken on an adult with no significant medical history
2.75 inch
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
Genetic cells
As close as possible

31. When viewing a periapical radiograph - you notice that the image of the tooth is extremely long and well defined; However the apices are missing. What technique was used to take the radiograph? What caused the roots to appear long?
Nasal fossa - max sinus
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Premature contact with developer
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed

32. when duplicating radiographs - What side of the duplicating film is in contact with the radiograph to be duplicated
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
As low as reasonably achievable
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Mand occlusal

33. you change from an 8 inch to an 16 inch focal film distance. How is the intensity of the beam affected
decrease mA & time
1/4 as intense
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
#0

34. What would happen to a film that is placed in the fixer prior to development
Insufficient or improper washing
50 mSv or 5 REM
Max. sinus - zygoma
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)

35. How far from the work surface must the safelight be mounted
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
4 feet
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas
Blue tinted polyester acetate

36. What determines the speed of dental films?
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas
Mand. foramen
Remove silver

37. What is the purpose of a pano
50 mSv (5rem)
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
Quantum of energy

38. What are automatic processors faster than manual processing?
Filament
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Didn't push button completely
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure

39. Max lat. canine anatomy
Doesn't matter
Mand occlusal
Nasal fossa - max sinus
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom

40. if the source-object distance is cut from 16 to 8 - What must be changed to compensate
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Lateral cephalometric
Move farther from the radiation
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling

41. What Size film is 2 1/4 x 3
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
Reduce size and shape of beam
No. 4

42. What is the most commonly used personnel monitoring devide for dental offices
Periapical
Mand occlusal
Film badges
Copper stem - radiator and air space

43. How do you determine How often to take radiographs
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
Periapical
Evidence based selection criteria
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)

44. when mounting a film the dot is convex - On What side of the mouth would you find #32?
Focal spot
Left side
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
Genetic cells

45. What can be done to increase the life span of processing solutions
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
KVp
Central ray
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis

46. When looking at radiographs that were taken several years ago - you notice a brownish stain which makes interpretation difficult. What caused this?
Focal spot
PANO
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Insufficient or improper washing

47. What is the purpose of collimation
20 seconds
Reduce size and shape of beam
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
Periapical examination - paralleling technique

48. What are filters made out of...
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
Aluminum
As far as practical

49. Size film used for BW on adults
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
#2
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
Move farther from the radiation

50. What must be done to xray fixer priod to disposal
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
Remove silver
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers