Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are occlusal radiographs used to diagnose
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery
locate retained roots -locate unerrupted or impacted teeth -evaluate for diseases and lesions -locate foreign bodies -reveal presence of salivary stones (sialothiths) -aid in evaluating fractures -size and shape of tori -aid in examining patients wit
Film badges
Vertical BW

2. What causes a HERRINGBONE effect
Film placed backwards
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
Insufficient or improper washing

3. What Size film is 1 1/16 x 2 1/8
No. 3
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
Shadow around the tooth

4. How does exposure time for children compare to that of an adult
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
1/3-1/2

5. What part of the x-ray machine helps remove heat
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
Increase the area of radiation exposure
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
Copper stem - radiator and air space

6. What is the major diff. b/w particulate and electromagnetic radiation
Film placed backwards
#3
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms

7. What PPE should be worn when exposing radiographs
1/3-1/2
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals

8. What is the optimum processing temp.
Doesn't matter
68 degrees F
The mental ridge
Shadow around the tooth

9. What parts of the x-ray machine are included in the anode circuit
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
8-16 inches

10. How would a film appear if submerged totally in the developer but not in the fixer
Aluminum
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Lateral cephalometric

11. You take a radiograph using 10 mA 30 impulses and 90 kVp - your dentist wants a radiograph with increased contrast and equal density. What settings would you use?
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
No. 2
Air space and soft tissues
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear

12. when should radiographs be taken on a pregnant patient
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Scatter/secondary radition
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp

13. How does reducing exposure to the patient benefit the operator
20 min
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Higher kVp = low exposure

14. What type of film are calcium tungstate screens paired with
1/6th of a second
Nerve - brain - muscle
Dentin - enamel - bone
Blue light sensitive films

15. How are x-rays formed in the tubehead
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
#1

16. your film badge report sHows that you have received a small amt. of radiation. What should you do
1/6th of a second
Sv & Rem
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency

17. What is used to clean the screens inside of a cassestte
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Focal spot

18. What would cause a film to be too dark
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Film placed backwards
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting
As close as possible

19. When looking at radiographs that were taken several years ago - you notice a brownish stain which makes interpretation difficult. What caused this?
Excessive vertical angulation
Insufficient or improper washing
Nerve - brain - muscle
DEHNR

20. What is the ADA approved method of mounting dental radiographs
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner
Labial
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals

21. when taking a PANO radiograph - the patient is placed too far into the machine. How will the radiograph appear
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
KVp
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
Roentgen

22. What Size film is 2 1/4 x 3
1/3-1/2
No. 4
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
Not centered on sensor

23. an insurance company requests a patient's radiographs when examining a dental clain. you only have one copy of the radiographs. What should you do
10 min (dbl the development time)
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy

24. What is penumbra
Central ray
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
Shadow around the tooth
2.5 mm

25. What is reticulation
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film
Roentgen
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms

26. What is the x-ray at the center of the primary beam called
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
Lead
Central ray
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info

27. How should x-ray film be stored
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
Higher kVp = low exposure
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
Extra oral

28. you process four BW films. three of the films appear normal - but one is clear. What happened

29. How can you differentiate the zygoma from the max sinus in a max posterior PA
Patient positioned too far to the left
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency
No. 3
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -

30. When mounting dental radiographs - What is the best way to differentiate max and mand films?
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
50 mSv (5rem)
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Gelatin and silver halide crystals

31. How does exposure time differ b/w adults and children
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
Cut exposure time by 1/3

32. What 3 types of cells are most radioresistant
Nerve - brain - muscle
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info
BW
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile

33. when viewing a molar BW - What should be on the distal of the film
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
#1
20 min
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present

34. What 3 types of cells are most radiosensitive
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
20 seconds
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells

35. using a 16 inch cone focal-film distance - the diameter of the beam measured at the patient's face should be no larger than
Left molar PA
Every 6 mths
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
2.75 inch

36. What would cause a properly exposed film to appear dark?
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
KVp
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting

37. What is done to the primary beam to make is useful
#2
Filtration and collimation
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed

38. How often must you replenish the solutions in an automatic processor
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
1/4 as intense
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
Increase the exposure time

39. What is the most likely cause of a film with very poor definition
Patient movement
5 mSv or .5 REM
2.75 inches
Nerve - brain - muscle

40. Size film used for occlusals on adults
No. 4
#4
Focal spot
Positioning the arches too far foward

41. On a mandibular molar PA - Where is the mylohoid ridge located
Didn't push button completely
Ionization
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Parallel

42. What type of projection is used to visualize the crestol alveolar bone on a patient with moderate to severe bone loss
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
Vertical BW
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen

43. How long are films fixed
Insufficient vertical angulation
10 min (dbl the development time)
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
Vertical BW

44. What is the best method of protecting the thyroid gland from radiation?
Step-wedge or test film
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
Quantum of energy
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS

45. What looking at a PANO What causes a big smile
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
Increase the exposure time
Chin down

46. What is the earliest sign of radiation exposure
Genetic cells
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
Erythema

47. What is small doses of radiation given over a long period of time
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
Long-term dose
68 degrees F

48. When taking a radiograph - you pull the end of the PID away from the patients face about 6 inches. How will this affect the radiographic image and patient exposure
Rectangular collimations
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner

49. when taking a radiograph - you pulls the cone out about 6 inches from the patient's face. What is the result
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
Increase the area of radiation exposure
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away

50. who discovered x-rays
Positioning the arches too far foward
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
Roentgen
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width