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Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How can you differentiate the zygoma from the max sinus in a max posterior PA
No exposure - or fixer before developer
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Density
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency

2. Size film used for BW on adults
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
#2
Erythema

3. What type lead apron should be used when taking PANO radiographs
Genetic cells
Panoramic cape
Increase the area of radiation exposure
Periapical examination - paralleling technique

4. What is the earliest sign of radiation exposure
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
Erythema
Central ray

5. When using D speed film - you use 50 impulses of radiation. How many impulses would you use with E speed film?
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Insufficient vertical angulation
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
25

6. when viewing a molar BW - What should be on the distal of the film
Soft tissue - air space
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth

7. What types of cells must be effected in order for mutation to occur
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
Excessive vertical angulation
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Genetic cells

8. What Size film is used to take an occlusal radiograph of a 6 yr old child
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
#2
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy

9. What are the long term effects of radiation exposure
Insufficient or improper washing
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight
8-16 inches

10. who discovered x-rays
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Short
On the back side of the tori
Roentgen

11. What is used to clean the screens inside of a cassestte
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
8-16 inches
Eyewear - mask - and gown

12. What is the most important step in panoramic radiography
Chin down
Density
Patient positioning
Extra oral

13. How far from the work surface must the safelight be mounted
4 feet
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Incorrect horrizontal angulation

14. What type film is faster - intraoral or extraoral
50 mSv (5rem)
Extra oral
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Move farther from the radiation

15. when mounting a film the dot is convex - On What side of the mouth would you find #32?
Lead
1/6th of a second
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
Left side

16. What is the main source of radiation exposure to the operator
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
Scatter/secondary radition
As low as reasonably achievable
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals

17. Difference b/w direct and indirect exposure sensor?
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
invisible -travel in straight lines -no mass/weight -travel and speed of light -no charge -interact w/ matter causing ionization -can penetrate opaque tissues and structures -can effect photographic film emulsion -can effect biologic tissue
Mand occlusal
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging

18. What is the maximum size of the x-ray beam at the patients face
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Insufficient vertical angulation
2.75 inches
Blue light sensitive films

19. What Size film is 15/16 x 1 9/16
No. 1
Increase the area of radiation exposure
Mandibular occlusal
No. 0

20. What is characteristic radiation
CCD (direct) - CMOS (direct) - PSP (indirect)
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
BW
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects

21. How long is the final rinse
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
BW
20 min
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms

22. What is scatter radiation
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
5 mSv or .5 REM

23. Film submerged totally in fixer but not in developer
8-16 inches
Didn't push button completely
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor

24. What type PID significantly reduces exposure to the patient
.25 mm
Soft tissue - air space
Nerve - brain - muscle
Rectangular collimations

25. What type of x-rays have greater penetrating power - long or short wavelength?
X-ray and heat
Left side
Short
1/5 exposure time for edentulous

26. which dose of radiation is more biologically damaging
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Cathode - filament - focusing cup

27. What is the name for the part of the target that is struck by electrons
Focal spot
2.75 inches
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers

28. What info should be recorded on the dental radiographic mount

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29. Max lat. canine anatomy
Nasal fossa - max sinus
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
Air space and soft tissues

30. What would cause increased magnification - decreased resolution and edge sharpness
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
Aluminum
Short
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver

31. When mounting a FMS - you notice that one film is blank. another film is dark - the teeth look strange - and it is difficult to determine What film it is. What do you think happened?
Didn't push button completely
5 min
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
KVp

32. 3 film holding devices used for bisecting
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths

33. Mand central anatomy
Panoramic cape
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
25

34. What is secondary radiation
PANO
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present

35. What is inherent filtration
Rectangular collimation
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Insufficient vertical angulation

36. What is small doses of radiation given over a long period of time
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough
Long-term dose
Document patient's refusal and have them sign
Positioning the arches too far foward

37. When mounting dental radiographs - What is the best way to differentiate max and mand films?
8-16 inches
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
Focal spot

38. What must be done to xray fixer priod to disposal
Remove silver
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
Dentin - enamel - bone

39. How is vertical angulation established with the paralleling technique
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting
#1 or #2 - placed so the edge of the receptor lines up behind the distal of the canine before the eruption of the permanent 2nd molar; - after the eruption of the perm. 2nd molar - 2 posterior PA's should be taken per quadrant
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe

40. if the source-object distance is cut from 16 to 8 - What must be changed to compensate
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling

41. You take a radiograph using 10 mA 30 impulses and 90 kVp - your dentist wants a radiograph with increased contrast and equal density. What settings would you use?
Scatter/secondary radition
Original - undeflected - useful beam
#4
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp

42. your dentist recommends that a patient have xrays taken - bu the patient refuses. What should be done

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43. What film is used to diagnose interproximal decay
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas
BW
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors

44. What is the purpose of a pano
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
#4
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Aluminum

45. you notice that the xrays you process are becoming successively lighter than the quality control film you compare it to. What should you do
KVp
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
Every 4 weeks
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer

46. What would cause the radiographic image to be blurred
#3
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
#2
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA

47. What causes foreshortening
Insufficient vertical angulation
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus
Excessive vertical angulation
#1

48. if the kVp is increased from 75-90 - What must be done to achieve a radiograph of comparible density
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
decrease mA & time
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
Density

49. According to principles of shadow casting - How should the film be placed in relation to the tooth?
Parallel
No. 2
As low as reasonably achievable
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark

50. when manually processing dental film - you notice the temp. has gotten warmer as the day progressed. How should the developing time be changed?
1/4 as intense
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
#1
Far object-image receptor distance