Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What causes missing apices
Sv & Rem
Left side
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
Insufficient vertical angulation

2. How are stabe film holders sterilized b/w uses
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
Evidence based selection criteria
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info

3. What is the annual MPD for radiation workers
Higher kVp = low exposure
Lateral cephalometric
50 mSv or 5 REM
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film

4. What type of safelight filter is acceptable
4 feet
GBX - 2
Ionization
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal

5. What does alara stand for
#0
As low as reasonably achievable
Insufficient vertical angulation
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots

6. 3 film holding devices used for bisecting
50 mSv (5rem)
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
Clinical exam
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam

7. When can the films be exposed to white light
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
1.5 mm

8. How should the frequency of radiographic exposures be determined
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
No. 0
Excessive vertical angulation
GBX - 2

9. What radiograph is used to sHow contrast in soft tissues
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
MRI
5(n-18)

10. What is inherent filtration
Filament
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile
Focal spot
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)

11. What is the latent period
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
Mandibular lateral/central

12. What looking at a PANO What causes a big smile
Chin down
Insufficient or improper washing
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head

13. When mounting dental radiographs - What is the best way to differentiate max and mand films?
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Filtration and collimation
Positioning the arches too far foward

14. Size film used for anterior PA's for patients with narrow arches
Move farther from the radiation
#1
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
7 1/2 or 15 watt

15. According to the principles of shadow casting - preferred object-film distance
As close as possible
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Excessive vertical angulation
Lateral cephalometric

16. How does resolutiong and detial of a panoramic radiograph compare with that of PA's and BW's
Density
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image

17. What happens in the developer
PANO
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
MRI
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver

18. What info should be recorded on the dental radiographic mount

19. What quality control procedures should be performed on xray cassettes
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks

20. What controls the speed with which the electrons travel from the cathode to the anode
Roentgen
Lead
KVp
Mand occlusal

21. What is the purpose of collimation
Reduce size and shape of beam
20 min
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator

22. What are filters made out of...
Periapical
Aluminum
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal
Enamel - dentin - and bone

23. How can exposure to the operator be reduced
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal
Every 6 mths
Move farther from the radiation
Short-term dose

24. List the properties of x-rays
invisible -travel in straight lines -no mass/weight -travel and speed of light -no charge -interact w/ matter causing ionization -can penetrate opaque tissues and structures -can effect photographic film emulsion -can effect biologic tissue
Enamel - dentin - and bone
Doesn't matter
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.

25. With What type film are intensifying screens used?
8-16 inches
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
extraoral film
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed

26. How long is the final rinse
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
20 min
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting

27. using a 16 inch cone focal-film distance - the diameter of the beam measured at the patient's face should be no larger than
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
2.75 inch
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS
extraoral film

28. What is a large dose of radiation given over a short period of time
Gray & Rad
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
KVp
Short-term dose

29. when taking a paralleling radiograph of a patient with palatal tori - Where is the film places
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
On the back side of the tori
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors

30. What part of the x-ray machine helps remove heat
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
2.75 inch
Copper stem - radiator and air space

31. your dentist recommends that a patient have xrays taken - bu the patient refuses. What should be done

32. What would cause the radiographic image to be blurred
No. 3
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass

33. The cells from most sensitive to least sensitive
5(n-18)
Focal spot
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells

34. What is the bremsstrahlung radiation
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
25
Step-wedge or test film
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms

35. What must be done to xray fixer priod to disposal
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
Remove silver
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
Tori

36. What is the earliest sign of radiation exposure
As far as practical
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
Erythema
2.5 mm

37. Proper patient positiong for paralleling

38. What part of the x-ray machine is responsible for providing the electrons
Roentgen
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
Step-wedge or test film
Filament

39. How far should the operator stand from the source of radiation
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
Nasal fossa - max sinus
25
6 ft

40. What is the purpose of filtration
68 degrees F
4 feet
Document patient's refusal and have them sign
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation

41. What Size film is 2 1/4 x 3
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
No. 4
Excessive vertical angulation
Occlusal

42. which radiographic technique records the most accurate image of crowns - roots - and supporting structures in a selected area?
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
Enamel - dentin - and bone
Nasal fossa - max sinus
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging

43. What 2 unites are used to measure biologic effect and dose equivalent
Sv & Rem
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms

44. What are the 2 units used to measure exposure to radiation
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Gray & Rad
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting
#0

45. According to principles of shadow casting - preferred source-object distance
Panoramic cape
As far as practical
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting

46. What factors affect the sharpness of the radiographic image
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
#3

47. What is the major diff. b/w particulate and electromagnetic radiation
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
MA & time
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths

48. when duplicating radiographs - What side of the duplicating film is in contact with the radiograph to be duplicated
Document patient's refusal and have them sign
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Lateral cephalometric
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms

49. Difference b/w direct and indirect exposure sensor?
Excessive vertical angulation
Air space and soft tissues
decrease mA & time
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp

50. What is the primary beam
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
Original - undeflected - useful beam