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Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. you notice that the xrays you process are becoming successively lighter than the quality control film you compare it to. What should you do
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer
Excessive vertical angulation
PANO

2. if the kVp is increased from 75-90 - What must be done to achieve a radiograph of comparible density
4 feet
decrease mA & time
Cut exposure time by 1/3
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting

3. What anatomical structures appear radiolucent on a dental radiograph
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
20 seconds
50 mSv (5rem)
Air space and soft tissues

4. when manually processing dental film - you notice the temp. has gotten warmer as the day progressed. How should the developing time be changed?
Excessive vertical angulation
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease

5. What causes missing crowns
Gray & Rad
Excessive vertical angulation
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)

6. total filtration required of x-ray machines that operate above 70 kVp
8-16 inches
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer
2.5 mm
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film

7. When looking at radiographs that were taken several years ago - you notice a brownish stain which makes interpretation difficult. What caused this?
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
Insufficient or improper washing
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away

8. What causes conecut
Not centered on sensor
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
Chin down

9. How does resolutiong and detial of a panoramic radiograph compare with that of PA's and BW's
Short-term dose
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
Move farther from the radiation

10. What is the base of dental film composed of?
Mandibular lateral/central
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
Blue tinted polyester acetate
.25 mm

11. Size film used for PA's on small children
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
#0
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer

12. What is the earliest sign of radiation exposure
Left side
Scatter/secondary radition
Erythema
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info

13. if the source-object distance is cut from 16 to 8 - What must be changed to compensate
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
Chin down
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling

14. Proper patient positiong for paralleling

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15. What are the long term effects of radiation exposure
Sv & Rem
Excessive vertical angulation
No. 0
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight

16. What 3 types of cells are most radiosensitive
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
#2
DEHNR

17. which anatomical structures appear radiolucent
Soft tissue - air space
Erythema
Ionization
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile

18. What are filters made out of...
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
Aluminum

19. 1/10th dosage of gen. public - What are photons
5 mSv or .5 REM
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Quantum of energy

20. How should the frequency of radiographic exposures be determined
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam

21. which anatomic feature is visible on a PANO - bu not on a PA
Mand. foramen
Film placed backwards
Labial
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info

22. What exposure is taken to determine jaw relationships in ortho treatment planning
Short
Central ray
Lateral cephalometric
On the back side of the tori

23. How is vertical angulation established with the bisecting technique
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
.25 mm
Nasal fossa - max sinus
Original - undeflected - useful beam

24. when mounting a film the dot is convex - On What side of the mouth would you find #32?
Lateral cephalometric
MRI
Left side
As close as possible

25. How are stabe film holders sterilized b/w uses
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar

26. when duplicating radiographs - What side of the duplicating film is in contact with the radiograph to be duplicated
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
Sv & Rem
The mental ridge
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up

27. What Size film is used to take an occlusal radiograph of a 6 yr old child
Mand. foramen
#2
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
On the back side of the tori

28. What causes film fogging
Occlucal
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
Left molar PA
Shadow around the tooth

29. What Size film is 7/8 x 1 3/8
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
No. 0

30. Max premolar anatomy
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
#2
Max. sinus - zygoma
Patient positioning

31. you process four BW films. three of the films appear normal - but one is clear. What happened

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32. when viewing a molar BW - What should be on the distal of the film
Mand occlusal
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
As low as reasonably achievable
Extra oral

33. How are x-rays formed in the tubehead
Left molar PA
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
Didn't push button completely
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is

34. What is the name for the part of the target that is struck by electrons
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
No. 0
Occlusal
Focal spot

35. What is characteristic radiation
Air space and soft tissues
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom

36. you change from an 8 inch to an 16 inch focal film distance. How is the intensity of the beam affected
1/4 as intense
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
Lateral cephalometric
Faster film = lower definition and detail

37. What speed films are most commonly used?
Far object-image receptor distance
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
D - E - F
1/5 exposure time for edentulous

38. How long is the final rinse
Copper stem - radiator and air space
2.5 mm
Blue tinted polyester acetate
20 min

39. your film badge report sHows that you have received a small amt. of radiation. What should you do
Not centered on sensor
2.5 mm
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Incorrect horrizontal angulation

40. A properly exposed film appears completely black. when was is exposed to white light
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS
Before fixing
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image

41. The cells from most sensitive to least sensitive
#2
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
Periapical
Rectangular collimations

42. which anatomical structures appear radiopaque
Patient positioned too far to the left
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Dentin - enamel - bone

43. What info should be recorded on the dental radiographic mount

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44. What is the ADA approved method of mounting dental radiographs
#3
#2
Labial
Nasal fossa - max sinus

45. How does radiation effect cells
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
1.5 mm
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
Ionization

46. What is the best method of reducing radiation to the patient
2.75 inches
Labial
Film badges
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed

47. What PPE should be worn when exposing radiographs
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times

48. What would happen to a film that is placed in the fixer prior to development
Excessive vertical angulation
Nasal fossa - max sinus
Before fixing
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)

49. What is penumbra
Shadow around the tooth
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
#2

50. What are three types of image receptors used in digital radiography
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS
CCD (direct) - CMOS (direct) - PSP (indirect)
Negative