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Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. when should radiographs be taken on a pregnant patient
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Document patient's refusal and have them sign
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film

2. Max. centrals anatomy
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Enamel - dentin - and bone
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen

3. What is the earliest sign of radiation exposure
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery
Erythema
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer
Quantum of energy

4. What is reticulation
Insufficient vertical angulation
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Move farther from the radiation
KVp

5. What are occlusal radiographs used to diagnose
1.5 mm
GBX - 2
locate retained roots -locate unerrupted or impacted teeth -evaluate for diseases and lesions -locate foreign bodies -reveal presence of salivary stones (sialothiths) -aid in evaluating fractures -size and shape of tori -aid in examining patients wit
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes

6. What determines the speed of dental films?
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes

7. What is the ADA approved method of mounting dental radiographs
Labial
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
Periapical
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight

8. What device is used to check quality of processing chemicals
Positioning the arches too far foward
#1 or #2 - placed so the edge of the receptor lines up behind the distal of the canine before the eruption of the permanent 2nd molar; - after the eruption of the perm. 2nd molar - 2 posterior PA's should be taken per quadrant
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Step-wedge or test film

9. What is the annual MPD for pregnant dental assistant
decrease mA & time
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
5 mSv or .5 REM
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD

10. What is the optimum processing temp.
68 degrees F
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
5 mSv or .5 REM

11. What is the purpose of replenishing the developer solution
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
BW
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -
Not centered on sensor

12. when taking a PANO radiograph - the patient is placed too far into the machine. How will the radiograph appear
No. 1
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
Patient positioned too far to the left

13. What causes conecut
Not centered on sensor
Left molar PA
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency
1/6th of a second

14. How long is the final rinse
20 min
Positioning the arches too far foward
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks

15. What is the name for the part of the target that is struck by electrons
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
Focal spot
Evidence based selection criteria

16. When can the films be exposed to white light
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed

17. What causes a HERRINGBONE effect
Document patient's refusal and have them sign
Film placed backwards
Filtration and collimation
MRI

18. What must a patient remove before taking a PANO
Extra oral
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Long-term dose

19. What exposure is taken to determine jaw relationships in ortho treatment planning
On the back side of the tori
Lateral cephalometric
Not centered on sensor
#2

20. What is the annual MPD for radiation workers
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
50 mSv or 5 REM
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production

21. when mounting a film the dot is convex - On What side of the mouth would you find #32?
Occlucal
Left side
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner

22. which anatomical structures appear radiopaque
Extra oral
Dentin - enamel - bone
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA
As low as reasonably achievable

23. What is the latent image
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
Erythema

24. desired thickness of lead apron
1/6th of a second
10 min (dbl the development time)
.25 mm
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)

25. Mand molar anatomy
Occlusal
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
Faster film = lower definition and detail

26. When viewing a periapical radiograph - you notice that the image of the tooth is extremely long and well defined; However the apices are missing. What technique was used to take the radiograph? What caused the roots to appear long?
Mand. foramen
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Not centered on sensor

27. How does reducing exposure to the patient benefit the operator
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
Nerve - brain - muscle
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed

28. How is vertical angulation established with the bisecting technique
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
#2
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Genetic cells

29. Size film used for BW on adults when only one film is taken on each side
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
#3
As low as reasonably achievable
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom

30. your dentist recommends that a patient have xrays taken - bu the patient refuses. What should be done

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31. What does alara stand for
#1
Density
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
As low as reasonably achievable

32. What is the collimator made out of...
Lead
Copper stem - radiator and air space
As close as possible
Air space and soft tissues

33. What are automatic processors faster than manual processing?
Insufficient or improper washing
15 impulses
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
#3

34. What exposure would be useful in identifying salivary stones in the submandibular gland
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
Insufficient or improper washing
Mand occlusal

35. What size and How is the film places when taking a molar PA in the mixed dentition

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36. What is the area of the skull that is in focus on a pano

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37. What causes film fogging
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
invisible -travel in straight lines -no mass/weight -travel and speed of light -no charge -interact w/ matter causing ionization -can penetrate opaque tissues and structures -can effect photographic film emulsion -can effect biologic tissue
Enamel - dentin - and bone
Aluminum

38. What are the long term effects of radiation exposure
Enamel - dentin - and bone
Short
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals

39. What is the source-skin distance of x-ray machine that operates at 75 kVp
Sv & Rem
8-16 inches
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)

40. What type of angulation is used when taking radiographs of the mand. arch
Negative
Every 4 weeks
Copper stem - radiator and air space
Blue tinted polyester acetate

41. What is the purpose of the embossed dot

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42. How does the reproductive capacity of a cell correlate with radiosensitivity
2.75 inches
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation

43. How does radiation effect cells
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA
Ionization
PANO
Document patient's refusal and have them sign

44. What anatomical structures appear radiopaque on a dental radiograph
D - E - F
Erythema
Enamel - dentin - and bone
GBX - 2

45. when viewing a PANO - you notice that the right TMJ is magnified - bu the left TMJ is normal. What caused this error
Insufficient vertical angulation
.25 mm
Clinical exam
Patient positioned too far to the left

46. You process a set of BW's in the automatic processor. three of the BW's are of good quality - but fourth is completely blank. What probably caused this?
Rectangular collimation
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
Lead
Patient positioned too far to the left

47. What is the purpose of collimation
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
Reduce size and shape of beam

48. Size film used for PA's on adults
#2
7 1/2 or 15 watt
4 feet
5 min

49. What speed films are most commonly used?
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling
D - E - F

50. What 3 types of cells are most radiosensitive
Occlucal
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Vertical BW
Doesn't matter