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Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What film would be used to locate a foreign body in the bucco-lingual relationship
Gelatin and silver halide crystals
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
Occlucal
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)

2. What 2 unites are used to measure biologic effect and dose equivalent
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
Sv & Rem
Panoramic cape
Periapical examination - paralleling technique

3. Mand lateral/canine anatomy
4 feet
Insufficient or improper washing
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
Tori

4. What would cause a properly exposed film to appear dark?
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
MRI
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees

5. What part of the x-ray machine is responsible for providing the electrons
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
Filament

6. According to principles of shadow casting - preferred source-object distance
15 impulses
Parallel
As far as practical
MRI

7. you notice that the xrays you process are becoming successively lighter than the quality control film you compare it to. What should you do
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
Rectangular collimations
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver

8. What is the ADA approved method of mounting dental radiographs
6 ft
Labial
Insufficient vertical angulation
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development

9. How long does film stay in the developer
#2
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
5 min
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film

10. How far from the work surface must the safelight be mounted
Insufficient or improper washing
5(n-18)
4 feet
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells

11. What must a patient remove before taking a PANO
8-16 inches
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
10 min (dbl the development time)
Blue light sensitive films

12. Difference b/w direct and indirect exposure sensor?
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
1/3-1/2
#4

13. You notice on a PANO that the ant. teeth appear narrow and out of focus. What caused this
1.5 mm
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
20 min

14. when viewing a molar BW - What should be on the distal of the film
Faster film = lower definition and detail
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
Insufficient or improper washing

15. Proper patient positiong for paralleling

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16. How does packet placement differ b/w bisecting and paralleling
No. 0
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info
Lead

17. What is the base of dental film composed of?
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
Blue tinted polyester acetate
Sv & Rem
Document patient's refusal and have them sign

18. What is the best way to reduce exposure to patient
As low as reasonably achievable
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
Every 4 weeks
Rectangular collimation

19. According to the principles of shadow casting - preferred object-film distance
Scatter/secondary radition
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
As close as possible
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees

20. How often should developing solutions be changed
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Every 4 weeks
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Mandibular lateral/central

21. How long is the final rinse
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
20 min
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile
No. 2

22. when viewing a PANO - you notice that a lot of spine sHows on both side of the film - What caused this
#3
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
Quantum of energy
Positioning the arches too far foward

23. What type lead apron should be used when taking PANO radiographs
Copper stem - radiator and air space
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
Panoramic cape
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator

24. What part of the x-ray machine helps remove heat
Document patient's refusal and have them sign
Copper stem - radiator and air space
15 impulses
locate retained roots -locate unerrupted or impacted teeth -evaluate for diseases and lesions -locate foreign bodies -reveal presence of salivary stones (sialothiths) -aid in evaluating fractures -size and shape of tori -aid in examining patients wit

25. What equation is used to calculate the accumulated MPD
Insufficient vertical angulation
Ionization
Premature contact with developer
5(n-18)

26. What are common sources of background radiation
Far object-image receptor distance
Reduce size and shape of beam
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor

27. What radiograph is used to sHow contrast in soft tissues
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
MRI
Rectangular collimations
Nasal fossa - max sinus

28. What is the purpose of a pano
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
.25 mm
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight

29. What Size film is 1 1/4 x 1 5/8
No. 2
1.5 mm
Long-term dose
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals

30. Mand premolar anatomy
Insufficient or improper washing
#4
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal

31. What is the proper patient position for BW's?
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
1/3-1/2
Vertical BW

32. you change from an 8 inch to an 16 inch focal film distance. How is the intensity of the beam affected
As close as possible
Central ray
1/4 as intense
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging

33. How far should the operator stand from the source of radiation
5 mSv or .5 REM
No. 2
Remove silver
6 ft

34. What quality control procedures should be performed on xray cassettes
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
Panoramic cape
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
Periapical

35. when processing - two films overlap in the developer - but not in the fixer. How would the films appear
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver

36. What is the purpose of the lead foil?
Central ray
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal
Aluminum

37. A properly exposed film appears completely black. when was is exposed to white light
#1
Before fixing
X-ray and heat
No. 3

38. What exposure would be useful in identifying salivary stones in the submandibular gland
Mand occlusal
Ionization
2.75 inches
Far object-image receptor distance

39. When can the films be exposed to white light
The mental ridge
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
Labial

40. What causes film fogging
As close as possible
Panoramic cape
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
Every 6 mths

41. What is the primary beam
Excessive vertical angulation
Remove silver
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Long-term dose

42. What looking at manually processed films - you notice small black spots on the films. What caused those spots?
15 impulses
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
Clinical exam
6 ft

43. 1/10th dosage of gen. public - What are photons
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
Quantum of energy
Mandibular lateral/central
#1 or #2 - placed so the edge of the receptor lines up behind the distal of the canine before the eruption of the permanent 2nd molar; - after the eruption of the perm. 2nd molar - 2 posterior PA's should be taken per quadrant

44. What is the bremsstrahlung radiation
Nerve - brain - muscle
Central ray
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
Patient movement

45. What film is used to diagnose interproximal decay
Focal spot
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
BW
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up

46. What causes a HERRINGBONE effect
Sv & Rem
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
Periapical
Film placed backwards

47. What is the annual MPD for radiation workers
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
Document patient's refusal and have them sign
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
50 mSv or 5 REM

48. Size film used for BW on adults when only one film is taken on each side
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
#3
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Every 6 mths

49. When mounting a FMS - you notice that one film is blank. another film is dark - the teeth look strange - and it is difficult to determine What film it is. What do you think happened?
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile
Gelatin and silver halide crystals
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is

50. What would happen to a film that is placed in the fixer prior to development
Copper stem - radiator and air space
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices