Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Mand premolar anatomy
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal
Patient positioning
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions

2. What would happen to a film that is placed in the fixer prior to development
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Periapical
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production

3. Size film used for anterior PA's for patients with narrow arches
1/6th of a second
#1
Scatter/secondary radition
Rectangular collimations

4. What type PID significantly reduces exposure to the patient
Rectangular collimations
50 mSv or 5 REM
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
Cathode - filament - focusing cup

5. What is penumbra
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Shadow around the tooth
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
Periapical examination - paralleling technique

6. How should the frequency of radiographic exposures be determined
MA & time
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side
#2
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam

7. What exposure would be useful in identifying salivary stones in the submandibular gland
2.5 mm
Aluminum
Mand occlusal
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)

8. desired thickness of lead apron
Filament
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
.25 mm
Sv & Rem

9. What is the annual MPD for radiation workers
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
50 mSv or 5 REM
Reduce size and shape of beam

10. What is scatter radiation
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Left side
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
#2

11. When taking a radiograph - you pull the end of the PID away from the patients face about 6 inches. How will this affect the radiographic image and patient exposure
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
Reduce size and shape of beam
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated

12. How often are BW taken on children with high risk
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
Remove silver
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
Every 6 mths

13. Mand central anatomy
Quantum of energy
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen

14. What happens in the developer
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Gray & Rad
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors

15. When looking at radiographs that were taken several years ago - you notice a brownish stain which makes interpretation difficult. What caused this?
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
DEHNR
KVp
Insufficient or improper washing

16. How does radiation effect cells
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
Ionization
No. 3
Scatter/secondary radition

17. Max. centrals anatomy
Move farther from the radiation
Rectangular collimations
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen

18. What type of angulation is used when taking radiographs of the mand. arch
Move farther from the radiation
Excessive vertical angulation
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
Negative

19. What is characteristic radiation
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
#0
Chin down
10 min (dbl the development time)

20. What info should be recorded on the dental radiographic mount

21. How are stabe film holders sterilized b/w uses
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices

22. you use an exposure time of 10 impulses. How many seconds is this
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Periapical
1/6th of a second
Doesn't matter

23. What radiographs are used to determine if a foreign object is located facially or lingually
Occlusal
Air space and soft tissues
No. 1
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough

24. What is inherent filtration
1/4 as intense
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling

25. What is the purpose of the lead foil?
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
Genetic cells
Left side

26. Size film used for occlusals on adults
#4
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density
Doesn't matter
Excessive vertical angulation

27. What causes foreshortening
4 feet
Excessive vertical angulation
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed
1/5 exposure time for edentulous

28. How is vertical angulation established with the paralleling technique
5 mSv or .5 REM
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
20 seconds

29. What is the purpose of collimation
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Short-term dose
Reduce size and shape of beam
Long-term dose

30. What Size film is 2 1/4 x 3
No. 4
Copper stem - radiator and air space
#1
6 ft

31. What periapical technique offers the best diagnostic quality?
Insufficient or improper washing
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
Patient positioning
1.5 mm

32. What looking at a PANO What causes a big smile
Chin down
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
decrease mA & time
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process

33. What is reticulation
KVp
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions

34. What causes film fogging
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
8-16 inches

35. What is a large dose of radiation given over a short period of time
Panoramic cape
Sv & Rem
Short-term dose
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots

36. What causes missing apices
Insufficient vertical angulation
Remove silver
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile

37. What is the name for the part of the target that is struck by electrons
Focal spot
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
#4
Short-term dose

38. What types of cells must be effected in order for mutation to occur
Genetic cells
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
1/3-1/2
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is

39. How does the reproductive capacity of a cell correlate with radiosensitivity
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation
decrease mA & time
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe

40. How does film speed correlate with definition and detail?
Gray & Rad
Quantum of energy
15 impulses
Faster film = lower definition and detail

41. What controls the speed with which the electrons travel from the cathode to the anode
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
Nasal fossa - max sinus
KVp
Original - undeflected - useful beam

42. when viewing a duplicated radiograph - you notice that the duplicate is too dark. What should you do to duplicating time to lighten the film
Increase the exposure time
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
#3
5(n-18)

43. What parts of the x-ray machine are included in the anode circuit
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
Didn't push button completely
Insufficient or improper washing
No. 2

44. which radiographic technique records the most accurate image of crowns - roots - and supporting structures in a selected area?
#0
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Patient movement
Periapical examination - paralleling technique

45. which projection is used to view sinuses
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
PANO
MRI

46. Size film used for BW on adults when only one film is taken on each side
1/6th of a second
20 min
Panoramic cape
#3

47. What is added filtration
Vertical BW
The mental ridge
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production

48. Difference b/w direct and indirect exposure sensor?
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling
Rectangular collimations

49. How are indirect exposure films exposed
Nasal fossa - max sinus
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
Patient movement

50. What is the primary beam
Original - undeflected - useful beam
locate retained roots -locate unerrupted or impacted teeth -evaluate for diseases and lesions -locate foreign bodies -reveal presence of salivary stones (sialothiths) -aid in evaluating fractures -size and shape of tori -aid in examining patients wit
50 mSv (5rem)
CCD (direct) - CMOS (direct) - PSP (indirect)