Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the purpose of the embossed dot

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2. which anatomical structures appear radiopaque
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
Dentin - enamel - bone
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
2.75 inch

3. when viewing a duplicated radiograph - you notice that the duplicate is too dark. What should you do to duplicating time to lighten the film
#3
Mand. foramen
Increase the exposure time
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery

4. What speed films are most commonly used?
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
Roentgen
D - E - F
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes

5. On a mandibular molar PA - Where is the mylohoid ridge located
Long-term dose
No. 4
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting

6. Film submerged totally in fixer but not in developer
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Focal spot
6 ft
Left molar PA

7. 3 film holding devices used for bisecting
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
Step-wedge or test film
68 degrees F
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info

8. What is secondary radiation
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
Cut exposure time by 1/3
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
Vertical BW

9. What part of the x-ray machine is responsible for providing the electrons
Gelatin and silver halide crystals
Vertical BW
Copper stem - radiator and air space
Filament

10. How does kVp affect patient exposure
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
#2
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Higher kVp = low exposure

11. According to the principles of shadow casting - preferred object-film distance
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
Short-term dose
As close as possible

12. Max molar anatomy
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
Insufficient or improper washing
Vertical BW
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present

13. What is the best method of protecting the thyroid gland from radiation?
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
8-16 inches
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees

14. When using D speed film - you use 50 impulses of radiation. How many impulses would you use with E speed film?
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
10 min (dbl the development time)
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
25

15. Max lat. canine anatomy
6 ft
#1
#2
Nasal fossa - max sinus

16. What causes clear film
Gelatin and silver halide crystals
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
No exposure - or fixer before developer
Before fixing

17. What does alara stand for
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
D - E - F
As low as reasonably achievable

18. What is the latent image
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
Move farther from the radiation
extraoral film
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)

19. What 3 types of cells are most radiosensitive
1/4 as intense
Rectangular collimation
Erythema
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells

20. What projection would you take for a patient complaining of pain in the lower left molar area
Blue tinted polyester acetate
Left molar PA
20 seconds
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus

21. What looking at a PANO What causes a big smile
Negative
Lead
Every 4 weeks
Chin down

22. if the source-object distance is cut from 16 to 8 - What must be changed to compensate
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions

23. How often should developing solutions be changed
Document patient's refusal and have them sign
4 feet
Before fixing
Every 4 weeks

24. What type lead apron should be used when taking PANO radiographs
Ionization
Not centered on sensor
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density
Panoramic cape

25. What type of safelight filter is acceptable
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
GBX - 2
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
Gray & Rad

26. How many impulses are in .25 seconds
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Mand. foramen
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile
15 impulses

27. When looking at radiographs that were taken several years ago - you notice a brownish stain which makes interpretation difficult. What caused this?
Mandibular lateral/central
Insufficient or improper washing
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
decrease mA & time

28. How long does film stay in the developer
5 min
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
1/4 as intense

29. What are the short term effects of radiation exposure
MRI
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)

30. How long does the first rinse last
5(n-18)
20 seconds
25
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough

31. you notice that the xrays you process are becoming successively lighter than the quality control film you compare it to. What should you do
Enamel - dentin - and bone
#0
Soft tissue - air space
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer

32. According to principles of shadow casting - How should the central beam be directed
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
1/6th of a second
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
2.75 inches

33. What is the purpose of collimation
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal
Soft tissue - air space
Reduce size and shape of beam
7 1/2 or 15 watt

34. you process four BW films. three of the films appear normal - but one is clear. What happened

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35. What are filters made out of...
Aluminum
Insufficient vertical angulation
5(n-18)
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance

36. What can be done to minimize gagging when taking radiographs
Focal spot
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
MA & time

37. What is the term to describe the overall blackness of a radiograph
Density
No. 0
Rectangular collimation
25

38. What is reticulation
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
6 ft
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions

39. What controls the speed with which the electrons travel from the cathode to the anode
Document patient's refusal and have them sign
Filament
KVp
Copper stem - radiator and air space

40. How often must you replenish the solutions in an automatic processor
Extra oral
20 seconds
Cut exposure time by 1/3
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution

41. What is the major use of cross sectional occlusal radiograph
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
50 mSv or 5 REM
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process

42. What is the most commonly used personnel monitoring devide for dental offices
Film badges
4 feet
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
Mandibular occlusal

43. What causes elongation
5 min
#1 or #2 - placed so the edge of the receptor lines up behind the distal of the canine before the eruption of the permanent 2nd molar; - after the eruption of the perm. 2nd molar - 2 posterior PA's should be taken per quadrant
Insufficient vertical angulation
Short

44. What is the purpose of replenishing the developer solution
Parallel
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -
5 mSv or .5 REM
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed

45. When mounting a FMS - you notice that one film is blank. another film is dark - the teeth look strange - and it is difficult to determine What film it is. What do you think happened?
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Tori
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam

46. Size film used for PA's on small children
Excessive vertical angulation
Mandibular lateral/central
Faster film = lower definition and detail
#0

47. What Size film is 7/8 x 1 3/8
DEHNR
2.75 inch
No. 0
Short

48. What would cause a properly exposed film to appear dark?
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting

49. What would cause the radiographic image to be blurred
Insufficient or improper washing
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
#4
Occlucal

50. desired thickness of lead apron
Excessive vertical angulation
KVp
.25 mm
As far as practical