Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What speed films are most commonly used?
D - E - F
Faster film = lower definition and detail
Excessive vertical angulation
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time

2. How can exposure to the operator be reduced
5 min
extraoral film
Move farther from the radiation
Insufficient or improper washing

3. What causes conecut
Not centered on sensor
Occlucal
Insufficient or improper washing
As low as reasonably achievable

4. when manually processing dental film - you notice the temp. has gotten warmer as the day progressed. How should the developing time be changed?
20 min
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
Lateral cephalometric
#3

5. What type of angulation is used when taking radiographs of the mand. arch
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
Negative
Insufficient vertical angulation
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease

6. What is the best way to reduce exposure to patient
Rectangular collimation
Premature contact with developer
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
Insufficient vertical angulation

7. What are the short term effects of radiation exposure
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
Clinical exam
decrease mA & time
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss

8. What is the most commonly used personnel monitoring devide for dental offices
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
68 degrees F
Film badges

9. What radiographs are used to determine if a foreign object is located facially or lingually
No. 0
5(n-18)
Occlusal
Scatter/secondary radition

10. What type of x-rays have greater penetrating power - long or short wavelength?
Short
Mand. foramen
Before fixing
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark

11. How does exposure time differ b/w adults and children
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
Cut exposure time by 1/3
Lead
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss

12. What happens in the developer
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
Didn't push button completely
Left side
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator

13. What is the source-skin distance of x-ray machine that operates at 75 kVp
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
8-16 inches
Short-term dose
Focal spot

14. What is the purpose of taking radiographs of an edentulous patient
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Every 6 mths

15. you notice that a radiograph taken several months ago is brown and spotted. What happened
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
Insufficient or improper washing
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film

16. What is the best method of protecting the thyroid gland from radiation?
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
Lead
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells

17. Size film used for PA's on small children
#0
Parallel
15 impulses
Step-wedge or test film

18. What 3 types of cells are most radiosensitive
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film

19. What size bulb is used in safelight
Not centered on sensor
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner

20. What is the major use of cross sectional occlusal radiograph
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
Blue light sensitive films

21. What info should be recorded on the dental radiographic mount

22. What causes missing crowns
Excessive vertical angulation
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Genetic cells
#1

23. What would cause a film to be too light
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
Lead
Sv & Rem
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process

24. According to principles of shadow casting - How should the film be placed in relation to the tooth?
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
Parallel

25. after processing exposed dental film - you notice dark spots on the film. What caused this
Premature contact with developer
Max. sinus - zygoma
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Enamel - dentin - and bone

26. What is added filtration
Not centered on sensor
50 mSv or 5 REM
Filament
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production

27. How often must you replenish the solutions in an automatic processor
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Increase the exposure time
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
50 mSv or 5 REM

28. total filtration required of x-ray machines that operate above 70 kVp
5 min
The mental ridge
Document patient's refusal and have them sign
2.5 mm

29. In which area of the tooth is interproximal caries often seen
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
Insufficient or improper washing
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
Remove silver

30. What is done to the primary beam to make is useful
20 min
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
Enamel - dentin - and bone
Filtration and collimation

31. What is the latent image
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
X-ray and heat

32. Max molar anatomy
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
Short-term dose
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging

33. What are the long term effects of radiation exposure
On the back side of the tori
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
Chin down
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight

34. What is characteristic radiation
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells

35. What factors affect the sharpness of the radiographic image
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
Remove silver
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors

36. What type lead apron should be used when taking PANO radiographs
Panoramic cape
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer
#3
MRI

37. Size film used for anterior PA's for patients with narrow arches
BW
#1
invisible -travel in straight lines -no mass/weight -travel and speed of light -no charge -interact w/ matter causing ionization -can penetrate opaque tissues and structures -can effect photographic film emulsion -can effect biologic tissue
Blue tinted polyester acetate

38. How should the frequency of radiographic exposures be determined
Document patient's refusal and have them sign
MA & time
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
Mandibular lateral/central

39. What types of cells must be effected in order for mutation to occur
Genetic cells
Left molar PA
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting

40. What would cause increased magnification - decreased resolution and edge sharpness
KVp
Film badges
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
Remove silver

41. What causes overlapping
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
X-ray and heat
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up

42. What is scatter radiation
Mandibular occlusal
Aluminum
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths

43. How does kVp affect patient exposure
Doesn't matter
Higher kVp = low exposure
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen

44. What causes teeth to appear very short and distorted
D - E - F
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
Dentin - enamel - bone
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees

45. What factors would decrease edge sharpness and increase magnification
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
Far object-image receptor distance
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling
Genetic cells

46. When mounting dental radiographs - What is the best way to differentiate max and mand films?
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Tori
Negative
Short-term dose

47. What must a patient remove before taking a PANO
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
Faster film = lower definition and detail
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers

48. How does packet placement differ b/w bisecting and paralleling
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed

49. How does radiation effect cells
As low as reasonably achievable
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
Ionization
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks

50. What must be done to xray fixer priod to disposal
Density
Remove silver
Gray & Rad
Mandibular lateral/central