Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are three types of image receptors used in digital radiography
CCD (direct) - CMOS (direct) - PSP (indirect)
Not centered on sensor
MA & time
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance

2. How long is the final rinse
Clinical exam
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
20 min
Insufficient or improper washing

3. What is thermionic emission
Blue light sensitive films
Cut exposure time by 1/3
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
#2

4. What is the purpose of filtration
Excessive vertical angulation
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
Mand. foramen
No. 4

5. When mounting dental radiographs - What is the best way to differentiate max and mand films?
Insufficient or improper washing
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
No. 0
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal

6. On a mandibular molar PA - Where is the mylohoid ridge located
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Step-wedge or test film
Soft tissue - air space
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars

7. What is the proper patient position for BW's?
Labial
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor

8. What PPE should be worn when exposing radiographs
Far object-image receptor distance
Eyewear - mask - and gown
15 impulses
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production

9. What can be done to minimize gagging when taking radiographs
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
GBX - 2

10. Proper patient positiong for paralleling

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

11. What is the emulsion composed of?
Scatter/secondary radition
Patient movement
Gelatin and silver halide crystals
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate

12. What type PID significantly reduces exposure to the patient
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
20 seconds
Rectangular collimations
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.

13. What is small doses of radiation given over a long period of time
Long-term dose
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Before fixing
Insufficient vertical angulation

14. What is the max. permissable fose for radiation workers in systeme interventional units
CCD (direct) - CMOS (direct) - PSP (indirect)
50 mSv (5rem)
10 min (dbl the development time)
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling

15. Explain PSP
2.75 inch
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
Filament

16. When viewing a periapical radiograph - you notice that the image of the tooth is extremely long and well defined; However the apices are missing. What technique was used to take the radiograph? What caused the roots to appear long?
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info

17. What Size film is 15/16 x 1 9/16
No. 1
On the back side of the tori
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
Evidence based selection criteria

18. What causes a HERRINGBONE effect
As far as practical
Film placed backwards
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
X-ray and heat

19. What would cause increased magnification - decreased resolution and edge sharpness
#2
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting

20. What is the purpose of a pano
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam

21. you change from an 8 inch to an 16 inch focal film distance. How is the intensity of the beam affected
Dentin - enamel - bone
Negative
1/4 as intense
Max. sinus - zygoma

22. How do you differentiate b/w max and mand molar when mounting
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Step-wedge or test film
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver

23. What can be done to prevent air bubbles from being trapped on the surface of films during manual processing
DEHNR
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times

24. What equation is used to calculate the accumulated MPD
Insufficient or improper washing
5(n-18)
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner

25. when taking a radiograph - you pulls the cone out about 6 inches from the patient's face. What is the result
20 seconds
Increase the area of radiation exposure
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
MRI

26. What is the annual MPD for radiation workers
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Blue tinted polyester acetate
50 mSv or 5 REM
1/4 as intense

27. What parts of the x-ray machine are included in the cathode circuit
Mandibular lateral/central
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
Premature contact with developer

28. which anatomical structures appear radiolucent
#3
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
Soft tissue - air space

29. What 2 unites are used to measure absorption
Gray & Rad
Occlusal
KVp
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors

30. Size film used for BW on adults
#2
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom

31. What must a patient remove before taking a PANO
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss

32. What 3 types of cells are most radioresistant
Positioning the arches too far foward
#1
Nerve - brain - muscle
Every 4 weeks

33. What does alara stand for
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
KVp
As low as reasonably achievable
Panoramic cape

34. What 3 types of cells are most radiosensitive
Roentgen
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Sv & Rem

35. What are automatic processors faster than manual processing?
Step-wedge or test film
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
5 min
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)

36. What size bulb is used in safelight
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight
Increase the area of radiation exposure
Scatter/secondary radition
7 1/2 or 15 watt

37. What causes teeth to appear very short and distorted
Shadow around the tooth
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
Filtration and collimation

38. What film is used to diagnose interproximal decay
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
BW
Patient positioning
MRI

39. What is characteristic radiation
Every 4 weeks
D - E - F
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
Before fixing

40. How long are films fixed
Didn't push button completely
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
10 min (dbl the development time)

41. when viewing a radiograph - the tooth looks normal in size and shape; However - there is a large blank space at the incisal edge and the apices are missing. What caused this error
Short-term dose
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA

42. when processing - two films overlap in the developer - but not in the fixer. How would the films appear
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
Occlusal
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals

43. How often should an FMS be taken on an adult with no significant medical history
Long-term dose
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
.25 mm
10 min (dbl the development time)

44. What is a large dose of radiation given over a short period of time
Copper stem - radiator and air space
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Short-term dose

45. when should radiographs be taken on a pregnant patient
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery
Shadow around the tooth

46. Size film used for BW on adults when only one film is taken on each side
The mental ridge
#3
1.5 mm
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer

47. What is the major use of topographical occlusal radiographs
68 degrees F
DEHNR
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas
MA & time

48. How are indirect exposure films exposed
8-16 inches
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
Faster film = lower definition and detail

49. 3 film holding devices used for paralleling
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
Far object-image receptor distance

50. which projection is used to view sinuses
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -
2.75 inches
PANO
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density