Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. you change you kVp from 90 to 70 and leave all other factors the same. What is the result
Aluminum
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film

2. With What type film are intensifying screens used?
extraoral film
Premature contact with developer
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Max. sinus - zygoma

3. How does the reproductive capacity of a cell correlate with radiosensitivity
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation
Short-term dose

4. When can the films be exposed to white light
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed

5. How is vertical angulation established with the bisecting technique
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Increase the area of radiation exposure
2.75 inch
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting

6. What does alara stand for
Lead
2.75 inches
Cut exposure time by 1/3
As low as reasonably achievable

7. after processing exposed dental film - you notice dark spots on the film. What caused this
Premature contact with developer
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Mand. foramen
#4

8. How often should developing solutions be changed
Every 4 weeks
extraoral film
Doesn't matter
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film

9. What speed films are most commonly used?
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
D - E - F
Chin down
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear

10. What is added filtration
1.5 mm
2.5 mm
1/3-1/2
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production

11. you notice that the xrays you process are becoming successively lighter than the quality control film you compare it to. What should you do
25
Before fixing
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer

12. What Size film is used to take a BW on a 3 yr. old
#0
Periapical
Mand. foramen
decrease mA & time

13. Mand molar anatomy
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
Ionization

14. which projection is used to view sinuses
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
PANO
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
KVp

15. when viewing a PANO - you notice that a lot of spine sHows on both side of the film - What caused this
KVp
Every 4 weeks
Positioning the arches too far foward
#2

16. A properly exposed film appears completely black. when was is exposed to white light
Patient positioned too far to the left
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Before fixing

17. What quality control procedures should be performed on xray cassettes
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat

18. if the kVp is increased from 75-90 - What must be done to achieve a radiograph of comparible density
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
Erythema
decrease mA & time
Gelatin and silver halide crystals

19. A patient complains of pain in the upper molar region. What radiographic exposure should be made?
Periapical
decrease mA & time
Short
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals

20. What is the collimator made out of...
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
Lead
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -

21. How does exposure time differ b/w adults and children
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
6 ft
Cut exposure time by 1/3
KVp

22. What Size film is 7/8 x 1 3/8
MA & time
KVp
No. 0
decrease mA & time

23. Size film used for occlusals on adults
#4
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
Central ray

24. Size film used for PA's on small children
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
Evidence based selection criteria
#0
5 mSv or .5 REM

25. 3 film holding devices used for bisecting
Mandibular lateral/central
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA

26. What film would be used to locate a foreign body in the bucco-lingual relationship
Insufficient or improper washing
Occlucal
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Lead

27. What radiographs are used to determine if a foreign object is located facially or lingually
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Lead
Every 4 weeks
Occlusal

28. What is a large dose of radiation given over a short period of time
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Short-term dose
Patient movement

29. Size film used for anterior PA's for patients with narrow arches
#1
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough
Genetic cells
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time

30. What Size film is 1 1/4 x 1 5/8
68 degrees F
No. 2
Roentgen
Panoramic cape

31. What parts of the x-ray machine are included in the anode circuit
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
1.5 mm

32. an insurance company requests a patient's radiographs when examining a dental clain. you only have one copy of the radiographs. What should you do
1/4 as intense
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
extraoral film
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.

33. What is inherent filtration
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)

34. What are the 2 units used to measure exposure to radiation
Insufficient vertical angulation
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
Left molar PA

35. What causes conecut
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side
Not centered on sensor

36. When mounting dental radiographs - What is the best way to differentiate max and mand films?
Premature contact with developer
50 mSv (5rem)
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals

37. What is the ADA approved method of mounting dental radiographs
Aluminum
Labial
4 feet
Excessive vertical angulation

38. What should be done prior to ordering radiographs for a patient
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
#2
Clinical exam
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes

39. when viewing a duplicated radiograph - you notice that the duplicate is too dark. What should you do to duplicating time to lighten the film
No. 3
Increase the exposure time
Enamel - dentin - and bone
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info

40. 1/10th dosage of gen. public - What are photons
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Not centered on sensor
Quantum of energy
#2

41. You take a radiograph using 10 mA 30 impulses and 90 kVp - your dentist wants a radiograph with increased contrast and equal density. What settings would you use?
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed
As low as reasonably achievable
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp

42. What is the proper patient position for BW's?
25
MRI
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor

43. What is used to clean the screens inside of a cassestte
1/4 as intense
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
Genetic cells

44. Size film used for PA's on adults
Evidence based selection criteria
#2
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
Reduce size and shape of beam

45. How many impulses are in .25 seconds
15 impulses
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
Scatter/secondary radition
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance

46. your dentist recommends that a patient have xrays taken - bu the patient refuses. What should be done

47. What is the latent period
Vertical BW
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
Density

48. What Size film is 1 1/16 x 2 1/8
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
Increase the area of radiation exposure
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
No. 3

49. What part of the x-ray machine is responsible for providing the electrons
10 min (dbl the development time)
2.5 mm
Filament
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production

50. What are the short term effects of radiation exposure
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Increase the exposure time
Patient positioned too far to the left
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss