Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How would a film appear if submerged totally in the developer but not in the fixer
Patient positioning
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus

2. What causes clear film
No exposure - or fixer before developer
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA
Periapical

3. What is the annual MPD for radiation workers
Move farther from the radiation
50 mSv or 5 REM
Rectangular collimations
#0

4. which projection is used to view sinuses
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
Insufficient or improper washing
PANO
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA

5. when should radiographs be taken on a pregnant patient
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
15 impulses
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery

6. What happens in the developer
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
Didn't push button completely
25
Aluminum

7. What is done to the primary beam to make is useful
KVp
Filtration and collimation
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals

8. your film badge report sHows that you have received a small amt. of radiation. What should you do
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
50 mSv or 5 REM

9. What is the optimum processing temp.
68 degrees F
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
5(n-18)
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed

10. What are filters made out of...
Parallel
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
Aluminum
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms

11. How long is the final rinse
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
20 min

12. How should x-ray film be stored
68 degrees F
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
No. 1
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging

13. What is scatter radiation
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals

14. What causes a HERRINGBONE effect
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency
Filament
#4
Film placed backwards

15. Mand central anatomy
50 mSv or 5 REM
Insufficient or improper washing
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen

16. What is the most important step in panoramic radiography
Patient positioning
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
Panoramic cape
Occlucal

17. How long does the first rinse last
Extra oral
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
20 seconds
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus

18. Size film used for BW on adults
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
2.5 mm
20 seconds
#2

19. Size film used for BW on adults when only one film is taken on each side
Didn't push button completely
#3
Labial
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging

20. When can the films be exposed to white light
No. 2
No exposure - or fixer before developer
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
Tori

21. when taking a paralleling radiograph of a patient with palatal tori - Where is the film places
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Insufficient or improper washing
On the back side of the tori
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths

22. What control factors effect the density of a radiograph
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
4 feet
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed
MA & time

23. What radiograph is used to sHow contrast in soft tissues
Film placed backwards
MRI
Increase the exposure time
8-16 inches

24. How long are films fixed
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Periapical
10 min (dbl the development time)
No. 1

25. What is the term to describe the overall blackness of a radiograph
Density
Sv & Rem
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
5 min

26. What must a patient remove before taking a PANO
No. 1
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
The mental ridge
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers

27. when manually processing dental film - you notice the temp. has gotten warmer as the day progressed. How should the developing time be changed?
Occlusal
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars

28. How often are BW taken on children with high risk
Filtration and collimation
Insufficient or improper washing
Every 6 mths
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp

29. What is secondary radiation
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
No. 1

30. Size film used for PA's on adults
Step-wedge or test film
#2
Not centered on sensor
Scatter/secondary radition

31. According to principles of shadow casting - preferred source-object distance
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA
As far as practical
No exposure - or fixer before developer

32. What type of film are calcium tungstate screens paired with
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
Panoramic cape
Blue light sensitive films

33. How can exposure to the operator be reduced
1.5 mm
Film badges
Move farther from the radiation
Filament

34. What exposure is taken to determine jaw relationships in ortho treatment planning
Blue tinted polyester acetate
Lateral cephalometric
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors

35. What control factors effect contrast
Panoramic cape
KVp
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths

36. you change you kVp from 90 to 70 and leave all other factors the same. What is the result
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density
5 mSv or .5 REM
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging

37. What Size film is 2 1/4 x 3
No. 4
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
Patient positioning
Remove silver

38. What 3 types of cells are most radiosensitive
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Genetic cells

39. Max lat. canine anatomy
Short
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
Nasal fossa - max sinus
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it

40. When using D speed film - you use 50 impulses of radiation. How many impulses would you use with E speed film?
Insufficient vertical angulation
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
25

41. How long does film stay in the developer
Mand. foramen
5 min
Move farther from the radiation
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors

42. when viewing a duplicated radiograph - you notice that the duplicate is too dark. What should you do to duplicating time to lighten the film
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
PANO
Increase the exposure time

43. How are indirect exposure films exposed
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
Erythema
50 mSv or 5 REM
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film

44. What film is used to diagnose interproximal decay
BW
Remove silver
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side
8-16 inches

45. 3 film holding devices used for bisecting
Film badges
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
Step-wedge or test film
Mandibular lateral/central

46. What is the purpose of a pano
Density
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed

47. What are occlusal radiographs used to diagnose
locate retained roots -locate unerrupted or impacted teeth -evaluate for diseases and lesions -locate foreign bodies -reveal presence of salivary stones (sialothiths) -aid in evaluating fractures -size and shape of tori -aid in examining patients wit
Every 6 mths
Vertical BW
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions

48. What causes missing crowns
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
Excessive vertical angulation
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance

49. How are stabe film holders sterilized b/w uses
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
Film badges
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices

50. Size film used for PA's on small children
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
#0
Panoramic cape
Premature contact with developer