Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Size film used for occlusals on adults
Copper stem - radiator and air space
#4
Every 6 mths
Soft tissue - air space

2. What is the purpose of taking radiographs of an edentulous patient
Patient positioning
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present

3. According to principles of shadow casting - How should the film be placed in relation to the tooth?
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
Parallel
Lead
Mandibular occlusal

4. How long is the final rinse
20 min
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
2.5 mm

5. you change you kVp from 90 to 70 and leave all other factors the same. What is the result
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density
5(n-18)
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
Filtration and collimation

6. Proper patient positiong for paralleling

7. What is the latent image
#2
Gray & Rad
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
Erythema

8. What are the 2 units used to measure exposure to radiation
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Insufficient vertical angulation
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
20 seconds

9. What projection would you take for a patient complaining of pain in the lower left molar area
Patient positioning
Filtration and collimation
As low as reasonably achievable
Left molar PA

10. What are common sources of background radiation
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
On the back side of the tori
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials

11. What is the best way to reduce exposure to patient
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
Rectangular collimation
Far object-image receptor distance

12. How should x-ray film be stored
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
Rectangular collimation
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough

13. when mounting a film the dot is convex - On What side of the mouth would you find #32?
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
Left side

14. What is the purpose of the lead foil?
Patient positioning
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
Enamel - dentin - and bone
GBX - 2

15. How are x-rays formed in the tubehead
Aluminum
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials

16. Size film used for PA's on small children
#0
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
.25 mm
Max. sinus - zygoma

17. When looking at radiographs that were taken several years ago - you notice a brownish stain which makes interpretation difficult. What caused this?
Tori
Insufficient or improper washing
X-ray and heat
Filament

18. 3 film holding devices used for bisecting
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting
No exposure - or fixer before developer
Perpendicular to the tooth and film

19. What is inherent filtration
Positioning the arches too far foward
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Quantum of energy
1/5 exposure time for edentulous

20. Film submerged totally in fixer but not in developer
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
Lead

21. What anatomical structures appear radiolucent on a dental radiograph
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile
Air space and soft tissues
Parallel

22. According to principles of shadow casting - How should the central beam be directed
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
No. 0
No. 1

23. What must a patient remove before taking a PANO
Excessive vertical angulation
Quantum of energy
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers

24. What size and How is the film places when taking a molar PA in the mixed dentition

25. What would cause increased magnification - decreased resolution and edge sharpness
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
Central ray
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass

26. after processing exposed dental film - you notice dark spots on the film. What caused this
Document patient's refusal and have them sign
extraoral film
Premature contact with developer
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas

27. What 3 types of cells are most radiosensitive
Rectangular collimation
Filtration and collimation
Gelatin and silver halide crystals
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells

28. What 3 types of cells are most radioresistant
50 mSv (5rem)
decrease mA & time
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Nerve - brain - muscle

29. Size film used for PA's on adults
#2
20 min
No. 2
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)

30. when processing - two films overlap in the developer - but not in the fixer. How would the films appear
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
No. 3

31. How does the reproductive capacity of a cell correlate with radiosensitivity
Faster film = lower definition and detail
Ionization
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation
Eyewear - mask - and gown

32. What speed films are most commonly used?
5(n-18)
D - E - F
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
Document patient's refusal and have them sign

33. What determines the speed of dental films?
Every 4 weeks
Copper stem - radiator and air space
Far object-image receptor distance
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes

34. What type lead apron should be used when taking PANO radiographs
#2
GBX - 2
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
Panoramic cape

35. What causes film fogging
Increase the area of radiation exposure
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation

36. What is a large dose of radiation given over a short period of time
Short-term dose
The mental ridge
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks

37. What is the best method of reducing radiation to the patient
Patient movement
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Sv & Rem

38. What causes missing crowns
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
Excessive vertical angulation

39. What would happen to a film that is placed in the fixer prior to development
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
Sv & Rem
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen

40. How do you differentiate b/w max and mand molar when mounting
Focal spot
68 degrees F
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
7 1/2 or 15 watt

41. What is added filtration
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production

42. What is the most likely cause of a film with very poor definition
Patient movement
Vertical BW
Clinical exam
Insufficient or improper washing

43. What info should be recorded on the dental radiographic mount

44. What can be done to increase the life span of processing solutions
Insufficient vertical angulation
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
X-ray and heat

45. What PPE should be worn when exposing radiographs
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Roentgen
#1
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor

46. How does exposure time differ b/w adults and children
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
Cut exposure time by 1/3
On the back side of the tori
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development

47. What radiographs are used to determine if a foreign object is located facially or lingually
Occlusal
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas
Occlucal

48. when taking a radiograph - you pulls the cone out about 6 inches from the patient's face. What is the result
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
8-16 inches
Increase the area of radiation exposure
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease

49. when taking a paralleling radiograph of a patient with palatal tori - Where is the film places
Didn't push button completely
On the back side of the tori
Reduce size and shape of beam
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis

50. How would a film appear if submerged totally in the developer but not in the fixer
DEHNR
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas