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Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the emulsion composed of?
Dentin - enamel - bone
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density
Gelatin and silver halide crystals

2. What is the primary beam
Periapical
Blue tinted polyester acetate
Patient positioned too far to the left
Original - undeflected - useful beam

3. How does exposure time for edentulous patients compare to dentulous patients
10 min (dbl the development time)
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
Mand. foramen

4. when taking a paralleling radiograph of a patient with palatal tori - Where is the film places
50 mSv (5rem)
On the back side of the tori
Evidence based selection criteria
PANO

5. What is the purpose of the embossed dot

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6. What controls the speed with which the electrons travel from the cathode to the anode
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS
Short
KVp

7. Max. centrals anatomy
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
Enamel - dentin - and bone
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
20 min

8. What parts of the x-ray machine are included in the anode circuit
No. 2
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
#2

9. When mounting dental radiographs - What is the best way to differentiate max and mand films?
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
2.5 mm

10. What can be done to prevent air bubbles from being trapped on the surface of films during manual processing
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
Reduce size and shape of beam
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
Genetic cells

11. What is the most commonly used personnel monitoring devide for dental offices
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS
Film badges
Increase the area of radiation exposure
Mand. foramen

12. What is the major diff. b/w particulate and electromagnetic radiation
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is

13. What would cause the radiographic image to be blurred
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed
#4
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
Insufficient vertical angulation

14. What is the source-skin distance of x-ray machine that operates at 75 kVp
2.75 inch
8-16 inches
Premature contact with developer
Panoramic cape

15. What is the best way to reduce exposure to patient
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density
Rectangular collimation
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film

16. What is the purpose of a pano
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
Mand. foramen
Central ray

17. Size film used for BW on adults when only one film is taken on each side
#3
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Rectangular collimations

18. What exposure is taken to determine jaw relationships in ortho treatment planning
Excessive vertical angulation
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
Short
Lateral cephalometric

19. in which pericapical projection will the mental ridge be visible
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis
Mandibular lateral/central

20. when should radiographs be taken on a pregnant patient
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery
Left molar PA

21. What factors affect the sharpness of the radiographic image
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark

22. What happens in the developer
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
Mand occlusal
25
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver

23. What anatomical structures appear radiolucent on a dental radiograph
Air space and soft tissues
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
extraoral film

24. What is the optimum processing temp.
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
#2
68 degrees F
D - E - F

25. How often should an FMS be taken on an adult with no significant medical history
Periapical
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
X-ray and heat

26. you notice that a radiograph taken several months ago is brown and spotted. What happened
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery
Every 6 mths
Insufficient or improper washing
1/3-1/2

27. What is added filtration
No. 3
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production

28. What Size film is used to take an occlusal radiograph of a 6 yr old child
Lead
Enamel - dentin - and bone
BW
#2

29. A properly exposed film appears completely black. when was is exposed to white light
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
CCD (direct) - CMOS (direct) - PSP (indirect)
Before fixing

30. What Size film is 1 1/4 x 1 5/8
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
No. 2
Mandibular occlusal
68 degrees F

31. What must a patient remove before taking a PANO
Insufficient or improper washing
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Enamel - dentin - and bone
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough

32. What Size film is 15/16 x 1 9/16
Panoramic cape
Didn't push button completely
No. 1
Nasal fossa - max sinus

33. What 2 unites are used to measure absorption
locate retained roots -locate unerrupted or impacted teeth -evaluate for diseases and lesions -locate foreign bodies -reveal presence of salivary stones (sialothiths) -aid in evaluating fractures -size and shape of tori -aid in examining patients wit
Gray & Rad
Rectangular collimations
Every 4 weeks

34. What type of safelight filter is acceptable
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner
Nasal fossa - max sinus
GBX - 2
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting

35. What causes missing apices
extraoral film
15 impulses
Insufficient vertical angulation
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info

36. you notice that the xrays you process are becoming successively lighter than the quality control film you compare it to. What should you do
1.5 mm
4 feet
Central ray
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer

37. What quality control procedures should be performed on xray cassettes
Aluminum
Positioning the arches too far foward
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
2.75 inches

38. What would cause increased magnification - decreased resolution and edge sharpness
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Lateral cephalometric

39. Max premolar anatomy
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
Max. sinus - zygoma
BW

40. What would cause a film to be too light
Max. sinus - zygoma
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
Nasal fossa - max sinus
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen

41. How much total filtration is required of x-ray machines that operate lower than 70 kVp
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Patient positioned too far to the left
Higher kVp = low exposure
1.5 mm

42. How can exposure to the operator be reduced
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
Move farther from the radiation
20 seconds
Faster film = lower definition and detail

43. What causes clear film
No exposure - or fixer before developer
2.5 mm
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
Increase the exposure time

44. According to principles of shadow casting - How should the film be placed in relation to the tooth?
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
Parallel
Far object-image receptor distance
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)

45. What would cause a film to be too dark
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
Parallel
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed

46. What Size film is 1 1/16 x 2 1/8
No. 3
Far object-image receptor distance
#0
Short

47. when duplicating radiographs - What side of the duplicating film is in contact with the radiograph to be duplicated
Step-wedge or test film
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Doesn't matter
Blue light sensitive films

48. What is the most important step in panoramic radiography
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting
Patient positioning
2.75 inch
GBX - 2

49. What film would be used to locate a foreign body in the bucco-lingual relationship
Short
Higher kVp = low exposure
Occlucal
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety

50. What Size film is 7/8 x 1 3/8
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
2.5 mm
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
No. 0