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Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In which area of the tooth is interproximal caries often seen
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
Left side
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting

2. How often should developing solutions be changed
Focal spot
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
Evidence based selection criteria
Every 4 weeks

3. What control factors effect the density of a radiograph
#3
Labial
MA & time
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver

4. What factors affect the sharpness of the radiographic image
Central ray
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Left molar PA

5. What causes teeth to appear very short and distorted
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
No. 1
The mental ridge

6. A patient complains of pain in the upper molar region. What radiographic exposure should be made?
Reduce size and shape of beam
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation
Periapical
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees

7. What does alara stand for
Scatter/secondary radition
Evidence based selection criteria
As low as reasonably achievable
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions

8. which projection is used to view sinuses
Nerve - brain - muscle
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
PANO
5(n-18)

9. When mounting dental radiographs - What is the best way to differentiate max and mand films?
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
No. 4
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal

10. What would cause the radiographic image to be blurred
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
Dentin - enamel - bone
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Focal spot

11. What type of angulation is used when taking radiographs of the mand. arch
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
Negative
Gray & Rad

12. total filtration required of x-ray machines that operate above 70 kVp
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Mand. foramen
2.5 mm
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers

13. What periapical technique offers the best diagnostic quality?
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
#0
Increase the exposure time
5 mSv or .5 REM

14. How does exposure time for children compare to that of an adult
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
Left molar PA
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
1/3-1/2

15. How does reducing exposure to the patient benefit the operator
Didn't push button completely
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Mand occlusal

16. What should be done prior to ordering radiographs for a patient
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
Clinical exam

17. What is the most likely cause of a film with very poor definition
Eyewear - mask - and gown
20 seconds
Quantum of energy
Patient movement

18. Difference b/w direct and indirect exposure sensor?
GBX - 2
Positioning the arches too far foward
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
#2

19. What is the primary beam
Occlusal
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Occlucal

20. What Size film is used to take an occlusal radiograph of a 6 yr old child
#2
#4
No exposure - or fixer before developer
Original - undeflected - useful beam

21. What Size film is 2 1/4 x 3
No. 4
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Density
2.75 inch

22. What causes overlapping
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
Ionization
Insufficient or improper washing

23. How does film speed correlate with definition and detail?
Faster film = lower definition and detail
Max. sinus - zygoma
Mand. foramen
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen

24. What controls the speed with which the electrons travel from the cathode to the anode
Positioning the arches too far foward
KVp
Scatter/secondary radition
Dentin - enamel - bone

25. Max premolar anatomy
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
Clinical exam
Max. sinus - zygoma
2.75 inches

26. What part of the x-ray machine is responsible for providing the electrons
Filament
Long-term dose
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials

27. What is the x-ray at the center of the primary beam called
2.75 inches
25
5 min
Central ray

28. What Size film is 15/16 x 1 9/16
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
Gray & Rad
1/4 as intense
No. 1

29. Max lat. canine anatomy
Long-term dose
Vertical BW
Mand occlusal
Nasal fossa - max sinus

30. You take a radiograph using 10 mA 30 impulses and 90 kVp - your dentist wants a radiograph with increased contrast and equal density. What settings would you use?
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Patient positioning
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp

31. How should the frequency of radiographic exposures be determined
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
5 min
1/3-1/2

32. What is the best method of protecting the thyroid gland from radiation?
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas

33. What Size film is used to take a BW on a 3 yr. old
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
25
#0
Every 6 mths

34. which anatomical structures appear radiopaque
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
Lead
As low as reasonably achievable
Dentin - enamel - bone

35. How do you determine How often to take radiographs
4 feet
Evidence based selection criteria
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
extraoral film

36. What are filters made out of...
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
No. 4
Air space and soft tissues
Aluminum

37. which anatomical structures appear radiolucent
Soft tissue - air space
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile

38. Max molar anatomy
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
Erythema
Chin down
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark

39. What is the term to describe the overall blackness of a radiograph
Density
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
5(n-18)
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA

40. What causes conecut
Roentgen
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
Not centered on sensor
Nerve - brain - muscle

41. What anatomical structures appear radiolucent on a dental radiograph
Air space and soft tissues
Insufficient vertical angulation
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy

42. What causes missing apices
Not centered on sensor
PANO
50 mSv (5rem)
Insufficient vertical angulation

43. you use an exposure time of 10 impulses. How many seconds is this
Before fixing
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
6 ft
1/6th of a second

44. Size film used for BW on adults when only one film is taken on each side
#3
Short-term dose
5(n-18)
Rectangular collimation

45. What is small doses of radiation given over a long period of time
Long-term dose
Negative
Gray & Rad
20 seconds

46. an insurance company requests a patient's radiographs when examining a dental clain. you only have one copy of the radiographs. What should you do
Density
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
Cut exposure time by 1/3
Move farther from the radiation

47. What 3 types of cells are most radioresistant
Rectangular collimations
Faster film = lower definition and detail
#2
Nerve - brain - muscle

48. How often should an FMS be taken on an adult with no significant medical history
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
decrease mA & time
10 min (dbl the development time)

49. What type PID significantly reduces exposure to the patient
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
5 min
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
Rectangular collimations

50. if the source-object distance is cut from 16 to 8 - What must be changed to compensate
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Sv & Rem
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation

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Radiology 2

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