Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does resolutiong and detial of a panoramic radiograph compare with that of PA's and BW's
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
invisible -travel in straight lines -no mass/weight -travel and speed of light -no charge -interact w/ matter causing ionization -can penetrate opaque tissues and structures -can effect photographic film emulsion -can effect biologic tissue

2. What are the short term effects of radiation exposure
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
1.5 mm
Insufficient or improper washing
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear

3. What is the term to describe the overall blackness of a radiograph
#4
Density
#0
No. 1

4. What causes missing crowns
Excessive vertical angulation
Evidence based selection criteria
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
#3

5. When using D speed film - you use 50 impulses of radiation. How many impulses would you use with E speed film?
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
68 degrees F
50 mSv or 5 REM
25

6. What is the max. permissable fose for radiation workers in systeme interventional units
50 mSv (5rem)
Roentgen
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film

7. total filtration required of x-ray machines that operate above 70 kVp
Density
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
The mental ridge
2.5 mm

8. which radiographic technique records the most accurate image of crowns - roots - and supporting structures in a selected area?
Didn't push button completely
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
Rectangular collimations
Periapical examination - paralleling technique

9. What is the most important step in panoramic radiography
No. 2
Patient positioning
locate retained roots -locate unerrupted or impacted teeth -evaluate for diseases and lesions -locate foreign bodies -reveal presence of salivary stones (sialothiths) -aid in evaluating fractures -size and shape of tori -aid in examining patients wit
Soft tissue - air space

10. What is done to the primary beam to make is useful
2.5 mm
No. 0
Faster film = lower definition and detail
Filtration and collimation

11. What projection would you take for a patient complaining of pain in the lower left molar area
50 mSv or 5 REM
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
X-ray and heat
Left molar PA

12. How would a film appear if submerged totally in the developer but not in the fixer
2.75 inch
Soft tissue - air space
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image

13. you process four BW films. three of the films appear normal - but one is clear. What happened

14. What types of cells must be effected in order for mutation to occur
Patient positioning
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
2.75 inch
Genetic cells

15. What causes overlapping
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
10 min (dbl the development time)
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
Incorrect horrizontal angulation

16. What is the proper patient position for BW's?
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Patient positioned too far to the left

17. What determines the speed of dental films?
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus
20 min
#2
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes

18. What 2 unites are used to measure biologic effect and dose equivalent
Sv & Rem
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation

19. Max lat. canine anatomy
Excessive vertical angulation
Nasal fossa - max sinus
Reduce size and shape of beam
Nerve - brain - muscle

20. What speed films are most commonly used?
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
D - E - F
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
Lead

21. What is penumbra
Short
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
Shadow around the tooth
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F

22. What are three types of image receptors used in digital radiography
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
CCD (direct) - CMOS (direct) - PSP (indirect)
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)

23. What radiographs are used to locate a salivary stone in the submandibular duct
Mandibular occlusal
1/4 as intense
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film

24. when viewing a duplicated radiograph - you notice that the duplicate is too dark. What should you do to duplicating time to lighten the film
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
Increase the exposure time
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
Film badges

25. What film would be used to locate a foreign body in the bucco-lingual relationship
Chin down
Extra oral
Occlucal
Filtration and collimation

26. when taking a PANO radiograph - the patient is placed too far into the machine. How will the radiograph appear
No. 1
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
Evidence based selection criteria
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width

27. How does exposure time for children compare to that of an adult
Rectangular collimations
Nerve - brain - muscle
1/3-1/2
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.

28. Explain PSP
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image

29. What can be done to prevent air bubbles from being trapped on the surface of films during manual processing
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
Short
Panoramic cape

30. In which area of the tooth is interproximal caries often seen
Gray & Rad
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
Focal spot
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers

31. What control factors effect the density of a radiograph
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
MA & time
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)

32. How often should developing solutions be changed
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
Every 4 weeks
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
1/4 as intense

33. when manually processing dental film - you notice the temp. has gotten warmer as the day progressed. How should the developing time be changed?
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
68 degrees F
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease

34. Max premolar anatomy
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
Max. sinus - zygoma
5(n-18)
Film badges

35. What is secondary radiation
Occlusal
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
2.5 mm
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation

36. What causes missing apices
Insufficient vertical angulation
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
Lead

37. How long is the final rinse
Genetic cells
Clinical exam
Ionization
20 min

38. What is the purpose of a pano
5 mSv or .5 REM
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image

39. When looking at radiographs that were taken several years ago - you notice a brownish stain which makes interpretation difficult. What caused this?
#1 or #2 - placed so the edge of the receptor lines up behind the distal of the canine before the eruption of the permanent 2nd molar; - after the eruption of the perm. 2nd molar - 2 posterior PA's should be taken per quadrant
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
Insufficient or improper washing
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease

40. What is the bremsstrahlung radiation
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
Left side
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough

41. What is small doses of radiation given over a long period of time
Long-term dose
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
#2

42. Size film used for anterior PA's for patients with narrow arches
1.5 mm
No. 0
The mental ridge
#1

43. Size film used for PA's on adults
#2
20 seconds
Increase the exposure time
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars

44. What is the purpose of taking radiographs of an edentulous patient
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
As far as practical
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA

45. What Size film is 2 1/4 x 3
Move farther from the radiation
PANO
No. 4
Document patient's refusal and have them sign

46. What Size film is 7/8 x 1 3/8
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
No. 0
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time

47. What is added filtration
Didn't push button completely
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile
Patient movement

48. How does film speed correlate with definition and detail?
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Faster film = lower definition and detail
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar

49. How should the frequency of radiographic exposures be determined
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
KVp
20 seconds
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam

50. What parts of the x-ray machine are included in the anode circuit
No. 4
Vertical BW
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator