Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What control factors effect the density of a radiograph
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile
MA & time

2. What exposure would be useful in identifying salivary stones in the submandibular gland
Film badges
Scatter/secondary radition
Far object-image receptor distance
Mand occlusal

3. when viewing a PANO - you notice that the right TMJ is magnified - bu the left TMJ is normal. What caused this error
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
Before fixing
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
Patient positioned too far to the left

4. Mand lateral/canine anatomy
Quantum of energy
locate retained roots -locate unerrupted or impacted teeth -evaluate for diseases and lesions -locate foreign bodies -reveal presence of salivary stones (sialothiths) -aid in evaluating fractures -size and shape of tori -aid in examining patients wit
Tori
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom

5. your dentist recommends that a patient have xrays taken - bu the patient refuses. What should be done

6. Mand premolar anatomy
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Quantum of energy
No. 1
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal

7. Mand central anatomy
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Ionization
On the back side of the tori

8. What is the annual MPD for radiation workers
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis
Vertical BW
Reduce size and shape of beam
50 mSv or 5 REM

9. you change you kVp from 90 to 70 and leave all other factors the same. What is the result
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density

10. What is the maximum size of the x-ray beam at the patients face
2.75 inches
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
KVp

11. What controls the speed with which the electrons travel from the cathode to the anode
On the back side of the tori
Periapical
KVp
invisible -travel in straight lines -no mass/weight -travel and speed of light -no charge -interact w/ matter causing ionization -can penetrate opaque tissues and structures -can effect photographic film emulsion -can effect biologic tissue

12. With What type film are intensifying screens used?
GBX - 2
#2
extraoral film
Every 6 mths

13. Mand molar anatomy
Parallel
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus
Insufficient vertical angulation
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side

14. What causes teeth to appear very short and distorted
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -
Vertical BW
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees

15. you change from an 8 inch to an 16 inch focal film distance. How is the intensity of the beam affected
Occlusal
2.75 inches
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
1/4 as intense

16. What is the max. permissable fose for radiation workers in systeme interventional units
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
50 mSv (5rem)
Roentgen
No exposure - or fixer before developer

17. What 3 types of cells are most radiosensitive
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Periapical
Short-term dose
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas

18. What Size film is 1 1/16 x 2 1/8
20 min
Blue light sensitive films
No. 3
No. 4

19. which projection is used to view sinuses
decrease mA & time
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
68 degrees F
PANO

20. What type PID significantly reduces exposure to the patient
Negative
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info
Rectangular collimations
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe

21. What is done to the primary beam to make is useful
Filtration and collimation
The mental ridge
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Mand occlusal

22. What is a large dose of radiation given over a short period of time
Short-term dose
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Density
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate

23. What are the 2 units used to measure exposure to radiation
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy

24. What speed films are most commonly used?
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
D - E - F
.25 mm
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production

25. What is the primary beam
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Labial
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS
#1 or #2 - placed so the edge of the receptor lines up behind the distal of the canine before the eruption of the permanent 2nd molar; - after the eruption of the perm. 2nd molar - 2 posterior PA's should be taken per quadrant

26. Size film used for occlusals on adults
Mand. foramen
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas
#4
Reduce size and shape of beam

27. What is the purpose of collimation
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -
Lateral cephalometric
Reduce size and shape of beam
MRI

28. How should x-ray film be stored
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
Mandibular lateral/central
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F

29. What is the bremsstrahlung radiation
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer

30. What NC agency is resposible for monitoring dental x-ray equipment
Left molar PA
DEHNR
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
1/6th of a second

31. which anatomical structures appear radiopaque
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
Dentin - enamel - bone
Short-term dose

32. What happens in the developer
Insufficient or improper washing
CCD (direct) - CMOS (direct) - PSP (indirect)
2.75 inches
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver

33. What exposure is taken to determine jaw relationships in ortho treatment planning
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
Lateral cephalometric
Erythema
2.5 mm

34. Max lat. canine anatomy
#0
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner
5 mSv or .5 REM
Nasal fossa - max sinus

35. What parts of the x-ray machine are included in the cathode circuit
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
No. 1
Roentgen
Cathode - filament - focusing cup

36. when mounting a film the dot is convex - On What side of the mouth would you find #32?
Left side
Higher kVp = low exposure
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
4 feet

37. What info should be recorded on the dental radiographic mount

38. What is the most important step in panoramic radiography
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
Patient positioning
Positioning the arches too far foward

39. What parts of the x-ray machine are included in the anode circuit
No. 0
Tori
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA

40. A patient complains of pain in the upper molar region. What radiographic exposure should be made?
Short-term dose
Ionization
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
Periapical

41. What projection would you take for a patient complaining of pain in the lower left molar area
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
Copper stem - radiator and air space
No. 4
Left molar PA

42. 3 film holding devices used for paralleling
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
Premature contact with developer
Periapical

43. What would cause the radiographic image to be blurred
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
2.75 inch
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight
Move farther from the radiation

44. What type of film are calcium tungstate screens paired with
Insufficient or improper washing
Blue light sensitive films
Film badges
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner

45. What radiographs are used to locate a salivary stone in the submandibular duct
Mandibular occlusal
Copper stem - radiator and air space
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling

46. What is the purpose of a pano
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side

47. What film would be used to locate a foreign body in the bucco-lingual relationship
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
No. 1
Occlucal

48. What 2 unites are used to measure biologic effect and dose equivalent
Dentin - enamel - bone
No. 2
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
Sv & Rem

49. What 3 types of cells are most radioresistant
Aluminum
Higher kVp = low exposure
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
Nerve - brain - muscle

50. What would cause increased magnification - decreased resolution and edge sharpness
5 min
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Copper stem - radiator and air space