Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does resolutiong and detial of a panoramic radiograph compare with that of PA's and BW's
Nerve - brain - muscle
Gray & Rad
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
Film placed backwards

2. What parts of the x-ray machine are included in the anode circuit
Vertical BW
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
Gelatin and silver halide crystals

3. which dose of radiation is more biologically damaging
Vertical BW
Mand. foramen
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation

4. What type film is faster - intraoral or extraoral
25
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film
Extra oral
Filament

5. What exposure would be useful in identifying salivary stones in the submandibular gland
Mand occlusal
Max. sinus - zygoma
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
#2

6. When can the films be exposed to white light
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
Before fixing
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear

7. A properly exposed film appears completely black. when was is exposed to white light
Higher kVp = low exposure
#1
Before fixing
5 mSv or .5 REM

8. in which pericapical projection will the mental ridge be visible
Premature contact with developer
1/6th of a second
Mandibular lateral/central
8-16 inches

9. How is vertical angulation established with the paralleling technique
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling
Labial
2.5 mm
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe

10. What type PID significantly reduces exposure to the patient
Max. sinus - zygoma
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Long-term dose
Rectangular collimations

11. What are common sources of background radiation
Genetic cells
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
PANO

12. What does alara stand for
As low as reasonably achievable
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
On the back side of the tori

13. How does reducing exposure to the patient benefit the operator
2.75 inch
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Dentin - enamel - bone

14. How can exposure to the operator be reduced
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
6 ft
Move farther from the radiation
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam

15. an insurance company requests a patient's radiographs when examining a dental clain. you only have one copy of the radiographs. What should you do
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
#0
2.5 mm

16. What factors affect the sharpness of the radiographic image
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
Cut exposure time by 1/3
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors

17. What is the purpose of filtration
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
#1 or #2 - placed so the edge of the receptor lines up behind the distal of the canine before the eruption of the permanent 2nd molar; - after the eruption of the perm. 2nd molar - 2 posterior PA's should be taken per quadrant
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation

18. How long are films fixed
.25 mm
Genetic cells
10 min (dbl the development time)
1/6th of a second

19. What is formed when high speed electrons strike the target
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
20 seconds
X-ray and heat
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors

20. How often must you replenish the solutions in an automatic processor
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
8-16 inches

21. Difference b/w direct and indirect exposure sensor?
Far object-image receptor distance
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency
Erythema

22. What parts of the x-ray machine are included in the cathode circuit
Negative
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
Positioning the arches too far foward
DEHNR

23. What is the major diff. b/w particulate and electromagnetic radiation
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
Occlucal
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
Remove silver

24. How does exposure time for children compare to that of an adult
1/3-1/2
Reduce size and shape of beam
KVp
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting

25. What exposure is taken to determine jaw relationships in ortho treatment planning
Lateral cephalometric
Increase the exposure time
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile
No. 2

26. What type of film are calcium tungstate screens paired with
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
1/6th of a second
X-ray and heat
Blue light sensitive films

27. What causes foreshortening
Increase the area of radiation exposure
Remove silver
Mand occlusal
Excessive vertical angulation

28. What is the purpose of replenishing the developer solution
Central ray
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar

29. What is the primary beam
2.5 mm
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Nasal fossa - max sinus
Shadow around the tooth

30. What are the short term effects of radiation exposure
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes

31. What size bulb is used in safelight
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
Rectangular collimation
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Short

32. What film would be used to locate a foreign body in the bucco-lingual relationship
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Occlucal
2.75 inch

33. How would a film appear if submerged totally in the developer but not in the fixer
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Periapical examination - paralleling technique

34. when taking a PANO radiograph - the patient is placed too far into the machine. How will the radiograph appear
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
#0
Focal spot
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the

35. In which area of the tooth is interproximal caries often seen
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
DEHNR
Occlusal

36. when viewing a PANO - you notice that a lot of spine sHows on both side of the film - What caused this
Positioning the arches too far foward
#1
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
1/3-1/2

37. What PPE should be worn when exposing radiographs
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
Nasal fossa - max sinus
Eyewear - mask - and gown
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution

38. What type of film are rare earth screens paired with
Sv & Rem
Rectangular collimation
20 min
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)

39. You take a radiograph using 10 mA 30 impulses and 90 kVp - your dentist wants a radiograph with increased contrast and equal density. What settings would you use?
Gray & Rad
Not centered on sensor
Mandibular occlusal
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp

40. you notice that a radiograph taken several months ago is brown and spotted. What happened
Insufficient or improper washing
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
Enamel - dentin - and bone

41. When mounting a FMS - you notice that one film is blank. another film is dark - the teeth look strange - and it is difficult to determine What film it is. What do you think happened?
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
Excessive vertical angulation
MA & time
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals

42. when manually processing dental film - you notice the temp. has gotten warmer as the day progressed. How should the developing time be changed?
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
Remove silver
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease

43. You notice on a PANO that the ant. teeth appear narrow and out of focus. What caused this
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting
Enamel - dentin - and bone
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough
Increase the area of radiation exposure

44. What is the term to describe the overall blackness of a radiograph
Density
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Cut exposure time by 1/3

45. What is the optimum processing temp.
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
68 degrees F
#2

46. List the properties of x-rays
invisible -travel in straight lines -no mass/weight -travel and speed of light -no charge -interact w/ matter causing ionization -can penetrate opaque tissues and structures -can effect photographic film emulsion -can effect biologic tissue
Eyewear - mask - and gown
On the back side of the tori
Occlusal

47. What is the most likely cause of a film with very poor definition
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
Patient movement
Premature contact with developer

48. How does the reproductive capacity of a cell correlate with radiosensitivity
Erythema
Negative
MA & time
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation

49. How far should the operator stand from the source of radiation
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
6 ft

50. What is inherent filtration
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear