Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the base of dental film composed of?
MRI
Blue tinted polyester acetate
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Chin down

2. when taking a radiograph - you pulls the cone out about 6 inches from the patient's face. What is the result
5 min
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Increase the area of radiation exposure
Not centered on sensor

3. What equation is used to calculate the accumulated MPD
2.75 inches
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
5(n-18)
Rectangular collimation

4. Size film used for BW on adults when only one film is taken on each side
#3
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
Patient movement
Short

5. What radiographs are used to determine if a foreign object is located facially or lingually
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
Occlusal
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image

6. What Size film is 7/8 x 1 3/8
As far as practical
The mental ridge
X-ray and heat
No. 0

7. What is the collimator made out of...
Lead
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency

8. your film badge report sHows that you have received a small amt. of radiation. What should you do
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Soft tissue - air space
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed

9. What 3 types of cells are most radioresistant
Nerve - brain - muscle
1/4 as intense
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes

10. How can exposure to the operator be reduced
Gelatin and silver halide crystals
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
Move farther from the radiation
Nerve - brain - muscle

11. What is the major use of topographical occlusal radiographs
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas
Left side
Scatter/secondary radition
#2

12. What part of the x-ray machine helps remove heat
Excessive vertical angulation
No. 2
Erythema
Copper stem - radiator and air space

13. 3 film holding devices used for bisecting
Max. sinus - zygoma
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
Filtration and collimation
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency

14. What is the bremsstrahlung radiation
2.75 inches
Patient movement
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
25

15. What type of safelight filter is acceptable
GBX - 2
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
Insufficient or improper washing
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed

16. What is the proper patient position for BW's?
Negative
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Insufficient or improper washing

17. What is the optimum processing temp.
Dentin - enamel - bone
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
68 degrees F
#2

18. 1/10th dosage of gen. public - What are photons
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
4 feet
Quantum of energy
Filtration and collimation

19. Mand lateral/canine anatomy
No. 4
Faster film = lower definition and detail
Tori
Soft tissue - air space

20. How long does film stay in the developer
5 min
Not centered on sensor
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
7 1/2 or 15 watt

21. desired thickness of lead apron
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
.25 mm
decrease mA & time

22. What type PID significantly reduces exposure to the patient
Didn't push button completely
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Rectangular collimations
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -

23. using a 16 inch cone focal-film distance - the diameter of the beam measured at the patient's face should be no larger than
15 impulses
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
2.75 inch

24. Proper patient positioning for bisecting
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
Insufficient or improper washing
1/3-1/2
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film

25. What Size film is 1 1/4 x 1 5/8
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
No. 2
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image

26. What is reticulation
Rectangular collimations
No. 0
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator

27. What is the max. permissable fose for radiation workers in systeme interventional units
50 mSv (5rem)
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
Film placed backwards
Rectangular collimations

28. What are three types of image receptors used in digital radiography
CCD (direct) - CMOS (direct) - PSP (indirect)
50 mSv or 5 REM
Enamel - dentin - and bone
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation

29. What causes missing crowns
Excessive vertical angulation
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Patient positioning

30. What anatomical structures appear radiolucent on a dental radiograph
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
Air space and soft tissues
7 1/2 or 15 watt
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth

31. How would a film appear if submerged totally in the developer but not in the fixer
#1
Mand. foramen
Shadow around the tooth
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark

32. which projection is used to view sinuses
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS
PANO
Excessive vertical angulation
Premature contact with developer

33. What controls the speed with which the electrons travel from the cathode to the anode
Nasal fossa - max sinus
KVp
Short
Mandibular occlusal

34. What does alara stand for
Rectangular collimations
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation
Patient positioning
As low as reasonably achievable

35. What are automatic processors faster than manual processing?
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
5 min

36. How often are BW taken on children with high risk
Every 6 mths
2.75 inch
Higher kVp = low exposure
5 mSv or .5 REM

37. What is the primary beam
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
#4
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency
Original - undeflected - useful beam

38. What factors affect the sharpness of the radiographic image
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms

39. 3 film holding devices used for paralleling
#2
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
50 mSv or 5 REM
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD

40. Mand central anatomy
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed
2.5 mm
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate

41. What would cause a properly exposed film to appear dark?
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time

42. What would cause increased magnification - decreased resolution and edge sharpness
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
KVp
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production

43. What Size film is 1 1/16 x 2 1/8
extraoral film
Max. sinus - zygoma
No. 3
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor

44. What is the latent period
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
BW

45. When looking at radiographs that were taken several years ago - you notice a brownish stain which makes interpretation difficult. What caused this?
Insufficient or improper washing
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
DEHNR
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it

46. What should be done prior to ordering radiographs for a patient
Ionization
Copper stem - radiator and air space
Clinical exam
Enamel - dentin - and bone

47. How often must you replenish the solutions in an automatic processor
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
Patient movement
Lead
2.75 inch

48. What 2 unites are used to measure biologic effect and dose equivalent
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
Lateral cephalometric
Blue light sensitive films
Sv & Rem

49. How does resolutiong and detial of a panoramic radiograph compare with that of PA's and BW's
10 min (dbl the development time)
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development

50. you use an exposure time of 10 impulses. How many seconds is this
1/6th of a second
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA
Occlusal
#2