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Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. when should radiographs be taken on a pregnant patient
BW
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery
#1
Periapical examination - paralleling technique

2. What is the most likely cause of a film with very poor definition
No. 1
Patient movement
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes

3. What should be done prior to ordering radiographs for a patient
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
Clinical exam
Far object-image receptor distance
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials

4. What type film is faster - intraoral or extraoral
No exposure - or fixer before developer
Patient movement
PANO
Extra oral

5. in which pericapical projection will the mental ridge be visible
Mandibular lateral/central
Shadow around the tooth
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
Every 4 weeks

6. How is vertical angulation established with the bisecting technique
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
Move farther from the radiation
Central ray
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film

7. When using D speed film - you use 50 impulses of radiation. How many impulses would you use with E speed film?
25
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark

8. How long does film stay in the developer
5 min
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Erythema
BW

9. an insurance company requests a patient's radiographs when examining a dental clain. you only have one copy of the radiographs. What should you do
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
No. 1

10. What control factors effect contrast
#2
Lateral cephalometric
KVp
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F

11. What looking at manually processed films - you notice small black spots on the films. What caused those spots?
GBX - 2
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
15 impulses
KVp

12. your dentist recommends that a patient have xrays taken - bu the patient refuses. What should be done

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13. When looking at radiographs that were taken several years ago - you notice a brownish stain which makes interpretation difficult. What caused this?
Mandibular lateral/central
Insufficient or improper washing
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
#3

14. What info should be recorded on the dental radiographic mount

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15. What film is used to diagnose interproximal decay
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
BW
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film

16. 3 film holding devices used for bisecting
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
No. 2
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner

17. you use an exposure time of 10 impulses. How many seconds is this
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
1/6th of a second
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer

18. What is the latent period
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
Doesn't matter
Patient movement
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA

19. Proper patient positiong for paralleling

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20. When mounting a FMS - you notice that one film is blank. another film is dark - the teeth look strange - and it is difficult to determine What film it is. What do you think happened?
GBX - 2
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
Erythema

21. What type of x-rays have greater penetrating power - long or short wavelength?
Gray & Rad
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
Short
Patient positioned too far to the left

22. How are indirect exposure films exposed
KVp
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film

23. What are filters made out of...
Aluminum
Focal spot
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
6 ft

24. using a 16 inch cone focal-film distance - the diameter of the beam measured at the patient's face should be no larger than
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Cut exposure time by 1/3
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
2.75 inch

25. which projection is used to view sinuses
.25 mm
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
PANO
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam

26. when taking a radiograph - you pulls the cone out about 6 inches from the patient's face. What is the result
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
1.5 mm
Increase the area of radiation exposure

27. How do you differentiate b/w max and mand molar when mounting
Shadow around the tooth
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side
Blue tinted polyester acetate
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots

28. Size film used for PA's on adults
#2
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas
2.75 inches
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear

29. when manually processing dental film - you notice the temp. has gotten warmer as the day progressed. How should the developing time be changed?
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
Move farther from the radiation
D - E - F
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation

30. How does exposure time for edentulous patients compare to dentulous patients
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
20 seconds
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
No. 0

31. What is penumbra
Copper stem - radiator and air space
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
Shadow around the tooth
Gelatin and silver halide crystals

32. What is the term to describe the overall blackness of a radiograph
Every 4 weeks
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
Density
Scatter/secondary radition

33. What is added filtration
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Scatter/secondary radition
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
Every 6 mths

34. 1/10th dosage of gen. public - What are photons
50 mSv or 5 REM
Quantum of energy
8-16 inches
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance

35. When mounting dental radiographs - What is the best way to differentiate max and mand films?
1/6th of a second
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
Before fixing
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal

36. Size film used for BW on adults
#2
#1 or #2 - placed so the edge of the receptor lines up behind the distal of the canine before the eruption of the permanent 2nd molar; - after the eruption of the perm. 2nd molar - 2 posterior PA's should be taken per quadrant
Sv & Rem
Doesn't matter

37. What part of the x-ray machine is responsible for providing the electrons
Nerve - brain - muscle
Document patient's refusal and have them sign
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
Filament

38. When viewing a periapical radiograph - you notice that the image of the tooth is extremely long and well defined; However the apices are missing. What technique was used to take the radiograph? What caused the roots to appear long?
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
Lateral cephalometric
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate

39. when viewing a molar BW - What should be on the distal of the film
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side
Nerve - brain - muscle
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
Didn't push button completely

40. The cells from most sensitive to least sensitive
Panoramic cape
Left side
No. 2
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells

41. What factors affect the sharpness of the radiographic image
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
Genetic cells

42. A patient complains of pain in the upper molar region. What radiographic exposure should be made?
Periapical
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)

43. What would cause increased magnification - decreased resolution and edge sharpness
1/6th of a second
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image

44. What would happen to a film that is placed in the fixer prior to development
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
KVp
As far as practical

45. What is the annual MPD for pregnant dental assistant
Patient positioning
5 mSv or .5 REM
Excessive vertical angulation
invisible -travel in straight lines -no mass/weight -travel and speed of light -no charge -interact w/ matter causing ionization -can penetrate opaque tissues and structures -can effect photographic film emulsion -can effect biologic tissue

46. when taking a PANO radiograph - the patient is placed too far into the machine. How will the radiograph appear
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
MRI
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile

47. How does film speed correlate with definition and detail?
6 ft
Faster film = lower definition and detail
KVp
Roentgen

48. A properly exposed film appears completely black. when was is exposed to white light
Before fixing
Ionization
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials

49. What is characteristic radiation
No. 1
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
Roentgen
Occlusal

50. What is formed when high speed electrons strike the target
X-ray and heat
Excessive vertical angulation
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Doesn't matter