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Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is added filtration
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Higher kVp = low exposure
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
Every 6 mths

2. What film would be used to locate a foreign body in the bucco-lingual relationship
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
#1
Occlucal
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells

3. What parts of the x-ray machine are included in the cathode circuit
Panoramic cape
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Labial

4. What can be done to increase the life span of processing solutions
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
No. 4
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis

5. What is the annual MPD for pregnant dental assistant
Vertical BW
5 mSv or .5 REM
Didn't push button completely
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting

6. when manually processing dental film - you notice the temp. has gotten warmer as the day progressed. How should the developing time be changed?
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
Parallel

7. What is used to clean the screens inside of a cassestte
Dentin - enamel - bone
Shadow around the tooth
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth

8. Explain PSP
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density

9. What is the x-ray at the center of the primary beam called
Central ray
Lateral cephalometric
Dentin - enamel - bone
Every 6 mths

10. What looking at manually processed films - you notice small black spots on the films. What caused those spots?
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Labial
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
#2

11. How does resolutiong and detial of a panoramic radiograph compare with that of PA's and BW's
BW
Mand. foramen
Mand occlusal
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image

12. What is the term to describe the overall blackness of a radiograph
Lateral cephalometric
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
2.5 mm
Density

13. How should the frequency of radiographic exposures be determined
Chin down
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam

14. What is the primary beam
Shadow around the tooth
Max. sinus - zygoma
Increase the exposure time
Original - undeflected - useful beam

15. How do you differentiate b/w max and mand molar when mounting
Eyewear - mask - and gown
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal

16. How is vertical angulation established with the paralleling technique
Air space and soft tissues
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
Faster film = lower definition and detail

17. What is the purpose of collimation
Left side
Short
Reduce size and shape of beam
No. 4

18. With What type film are intensifying screens used?
Not centered on sensor
extraoral film
Premature contact with developer
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen

19. What is a large dose of radiation given over a short period of time
Short-term dose
Mandibular lateral/central
BW
Left side

20. What is small doses of radiation given over a long period of time
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
Long-term dose

21. You take a radiograph using 10 mA 30 impulses and 90 kVp - your dentist wants a radiograph with increased contrast and equal density. What settings would you use?
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
On the back side of the tori
Short-term dose

22. How does exposure time for children compare to that of an adult
Dentin - enamel - bone
1/3-1/2
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Film badges

23. What would happen to a film that is placed in the fixer prior to development
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
Short-term dose
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)

24. What NC agency is resposible for monitoring dental x-ray equipment
No. 1
DEHNR
Positioning the arches too far foward
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator

25. How much total filtration is required of x-ray machines that operate lower than 70 kVp
1.5 mm
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density
Clinical exam
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials

26. What exposure would be useful in identifying salivary stones in the submandibular gland
Increase the area of radiation exposure
No. 4
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
Mand occlusal

27. you change from an 8 inch to an 16 inch focal film distance. How is the intensity of the beam affected
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
1/4 as intense
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver

28. which anatomical structures appear radiolucent
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Soft tissue - air space

29. What anatomical structures appear radiopaque on a dental radiograph
Enamel - dentin - and bone
Rectangular collimations
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss

30. What Size film is 15/16 x 1 9/16
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS
Document patient's refusal and have them sign
No. 1
Mand. foramen

31. What is the best method of reducing radiation to the patient
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.

32. What would cause a film to be too dark
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal
4 feet
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting
Increase the area of radiation exposure

33. What Size film is used to take an occlusal radiograph of a 6 yr old child
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
Parallel
#2
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues

34. What types of cells must be effected in order for mutation to occur
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer
Genetic cells
KVp
2.75 inches

35. when processing - two films overlap in the developer - but not in the fixer. How would the films appear
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
Cathode - filament - focusing cup

36. What quality control procedures should be performed on xray cassettes
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling

37. What type of film are calcium tungstate screens paired with
#3
Left side
No. 1
Blue light sensitive films

38. when taking a PANO radiograph - the patient is placed too far into the machine. How will the radiograph appear
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width

39. Film submerged totally in fixer but not in developer
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
Film placed backwards
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
5(n-18)

40. which dose of radiation is more biologically damaging
2.5 mm
Faster film = lower definition and detail
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor

41. What type lead apron should be used when taking PANO radiographs
Filtration and collimation
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
15 impulses
Panoramic cape

42. Max. centrals anatomy
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
Dentin - enamel - bone

43. which projection is used to view sinuses
Insufficient vertical angulation
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
4 feet
PANO

44. What causes teeth to appear very short and distorted
Doesn't matter
Positioning the arches too far foward
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
No exposure - or fixer before developer

45. When viewing a periapical radiograph - you notice that the image of the tooth is extremely long and well defined; However the apices are missing. What technique was used to take the radiograph? What caused the roots to appear long?
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
#3
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease

46. 3 film holding devices used for paralleling
#2
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
2.5 mm

47. you process four BW films. three of the films appear normal - but one is clear. What happened

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48. How can exposure to the operator be reduced
Move farther from the radiation
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough

49. List the properties of x-rays
Ionization
invisible -travel in straight lines -no mass/weight -travel and speed of light -no charge -interact w/ matter causing ionization -can penetrate opaque tissues and structures -can effect photographic film emulsion -can effect biologic tissue
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
20 seconds

50. What is the bremsstrahlung radiation
Positioning the arches too far foward
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
No. 0
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms