Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. your dentist recommends that a patient have xrays taken - bu the patient refuses. What should be done

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2. What would cause the radiographic image to be blurred
Dentin - enamel - bone
As far as practical
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
Incorrect horrizontal angulation

3. Size film used for PA's on adults
Lateral cephalometric
Aluminum
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
#2

4. your film badge report sHows that you have received a small amt. of radiation. What should you do
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Blue tinted polyester acetate
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety

5. What are automatic processors faster than manual processing?
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
invisible -travel in straight lines -no mass/weight -travel and speed of light -no charge -interact w/ matter causing ionization -can penetrate opaque tissues and structures -can effect photographic film emulsion -can effect biologic tissue
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time

6. You take a radiograph using 10 mA 30 impulses and 90 kVp - your dentist wants a radiograph with increased contrast and equal density. What settings would you use?
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
#2
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe

7. What is the most likely cause of a film with very poor definition
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Patient movement

8. which radiographic technique records the most accurate image of crowns - roots - and supporting structures in a selected area?
As close as possible
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
Genetic cells

9. What type of x-rays have greater penetrating power - long or short wavelength?
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
Short
The mental ridge

10. How do you differentiate b/w max and mand molar when mounting
Higher kVp = low exposure
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
Tori

11. What equation is used to calculate the accumulated MPD
No. 1
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
5(n-18)
Aluminum

12. Size film used for PA's on small children
#0
Lateral cephalometric
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas

13. What would cause increased magnification - decreased resolution and edge sharpness
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
Lateral cephalometric
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time

14. What type of angulation is used when taking radiographs of the mand. arch
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
Negative

15. Size film used for anterior PA's for patients with narrow arches
Nasal fossa - max sinus
#1
Extra oral
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss

16. What causes foreshortening
Excessive vertical angulation
Before fixing
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
KVp

17. What causes a HERRINGBONE effect
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Scatter/secondary radition
Film placed backwards
Before fixing

18. When taking a radiograph - you pull the end of the PID away from the patients face about 6 inches. How will this affect the radiographic image and patient exposure
68 degrees F
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Tori

19. What type of projection is used to visualize the crestol alveolar bone on a patient with moderate to severe bone loss
Vertical BW
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
As far as practical

20. What Size film is used to take a BW on a 3 yr. old
#0
Far object-image receptor distance
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
Genetic cells

21. How are indirect exposure films exposed
5(n-18)
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
Nerve - brain - muscle
Step-wedge or test film

22. Mand central anatomy
Air space and soft tissues
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
#2

23. What film is used to diagnose interproximal decay
Mandibular occlusal
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
BW
Every 6 mths

24. What is the proper patient position for BW's?
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time

25. What is the annual MPD for pregnant dental assistant
5 mSv or .5 REM
MRI
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA

26. What is the emulsion composed of?
Gelatin and silver halide crystals
Every 4 weeks
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight
Rectangular collimation

27. How often are BW taken on children with high risk
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
Patient movement
PANO
Every 6 mths

28. What causes clear film
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis
No exposure - or fixer before developer
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss

29. When can the films be exposed to white light
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp

30. How many impulses are in .25 seconds
5(n-18)
15 impulses
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
Density

31. using a 16 inch cone focal-film distance - the diameter of the beam measured at the patient's face should be no larger than
2.75 inch
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
Patient positioned too far to the left
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile

32. you change you kVp from 90 to 70 and leave all other factors the same. What is the result
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film
Patient positioning
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density
No. 2

33. What parts of the x-ray machine are included in the anode circuit
Air space and soft tissues
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
Film badges
Genetic cells

34. which anatomical structures appear radiolucent
Soft tissue - air space
Occlusal
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough

35. Mand molar anatomy
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film

36. What would cause a film to be too light
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues

37. On a mandibular molar PA - Where is the mylohoid ridge located
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)

38. What are the 2 units used to measure exposure to radiation
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Scatter/secondary radition
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA

39. What is thermionic emission
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
#2

40. What is the area of the skull that is in focus on a pano

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41. What is the purpose of taking radiographs of an edentulous patient
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
The mental ridge
Genetic cells
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present

42. When mounting a FMS - you notice that one film is blank. another film is dark - the teeth look strange - and it is difficult to determine What film it is. What do you think happened?
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
Left molar PA

43. Difference b/w direct and indirect exposure sensor?
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
Rectangular collimations
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
Every 4 weeks

44. What would happen to a film that is placed in the fixer prior to development
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Filament
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis

45. What is secondary radiation
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Step-wedge or test film
Copper stem - radiator and air space

46. What size bulb is used in safelight
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Every 4 weeks
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging

47. In which area of the tooth is interproximal caries often seen
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
6 ft
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
As close as possible

48. When interpreting radiographs - you notice a radiopaque extension or spur off the proximal surface of #30. What do you think this is?
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
Lateral cephalometric
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
The mental ridge

49. What causes elongation
Insufficient vertical angulation
Didn't push button completely
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation
Extra oral

50. What is the maximum size of the x-ray beam at the patients face
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
2.75 inches
5 min
2.5 mm