Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is scatter radiation
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
KVp
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
Short-term dose

2. What would happen to a film that is placed in the fixer prior to development
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed
Ionization

3. What radiograph is used to sHow contrast in soft tissues
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
MRI
Remove silver
invisible -travel in straight lines -no mass/weight -travel and speed of light -no charge -interact w/ matter causing ionization -can penetrate opaque tissues and structures -can effect photographic film emulsion -can effect biologic tissue

4. On a mandibular molar PA - Where is the mylohoid ridge located
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Nerve - brain - muscle
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
Max. sinus - zygoma

5. after processing exposed dental film - you notice dark spots on the film. What caused this
Premature contact with developer
Insufficient vertical angulation
#0
.25 mm

6. What exposure would be useful in identifying salivary stones in the submandibular gland
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Move farther from the radiation
Mand occlusal
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam

7. Proper patient positioning for bisecting
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
No exposure - or fixer before developer
Every 4 weeks
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)

8. Max premolar anatomy
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
Document patient's refusal and have them sign
Excessive vertical angulation
Max. sinus - zygoma

9. What would cause a film to be too dark
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting

10. What is the major diff. b/w particulate and electromagnetic radiation
Dentin - enamel - bone
As low as reasonably achievable
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
Scatter/secondary radition

11. How often should an FMS be taken on an adult with no significant medical history
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
4 feet
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance

12. What equation is used to calculate the accumulated MPD
68 degrees F
5(n-18)
Blue tinted polyester acetate
As low as reasonably achievable

13. What is the best method of protecting the thyroid gland from radiation?
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present

14. What is the purpose of filtration
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Lead
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation

15. How does resolutiong and detial of a panoramic radiograph compare with that of PA's and BW's
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
#1 or #2 - placed so the edge of the receptor lines up behind the distal of the canine before the eruption of the permanent 2nd molar; - after the eruption of the perm. 2nd molar - 2 posterior PA's should be taken per quadrant
Blue tinted polyester acetate
No. 0

16. What 3 types of cells are most radiosensitive
GBX - 2
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
5(n-18)
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed

17. What Size film is 15/16 x 1 9/16
Excessive vertical angulation
25
#0
No. 1

18. What must a patient remove before taking a PANO
2.75 inches
extraoral film
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.

19. How much total filtration is required of x-ray machines that operate lower than 70 kVp
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
No. 1
1.5 mm

20. How often should developing solutions be changed
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
Every 4 weeks
As close as possible
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals

21. When can the films be exposed to white light
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info

22. According to principles of shadow casting - How should the central beam be directed
Lead
Extra oral
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
Perpendicular to the tooth and film

23. What Size film is used to take an occlusal radiograph of a 6 yr old child
#2
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
Short
#0

24. when manually processing dental film - you notice the temp. has gotten warmer as the day progressed. How should the developing time be changed?
The mental ridge
No. 2
Film badges
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease

25. when taking a PANO radiograph - the patient is placed too far into the machine. How will the radiograph appear
Short-term dose
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side
Filtration and collimation

26. What causes missing crowns
Excessive vertical angulation
BW
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
5 min

27. How should x-ray film be stored
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
Insufficient vertical angulation
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
Tori

28. which anatomical structures appear radiopaque
Dentin - enamel - bone
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
1/6th of a second

29. Size film used for BW on adults when only one film is taken on each side
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
#3

30. What is the best way to reduce exposure to patient
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Rectangular collimation
Increase the area of radiation exposure

31. How does radiation effect cells
Ionization
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency
Far object-image receptor distance
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is

32. What is the proper patient position for BW's?
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD

33. When looking at radiographs that were taken several years ago - you notice a brownish stain which makes interpretation difficult. What caused this?
Shadow around the tooth
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
Insufficient or improper washing
#3

34. In which area of the tooth is interproximal caries often seen
#1
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)

35. How long does the first rinse last
20 seconds
Insufficient or improper washing
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark

36. How does exposure time differ b/w adults and children
Cut exposure time by 1/3
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
Insufficient or improper washing
10 min (dbl the development time)

37. How does kVp affect patient exposure
Higher kVp = low exposure
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
Reduce size and shape of beam
Faster film = lower definition and detail

38. What is the most likely cause of a film with very poor definition
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
Patient movement
Left molar PA

39. What is the ADA approved method of mounting dental radiographs
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
Labial
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
Gelatin and silver halide crystals

40. What can be done to prevent air bubbles from being trapped on the surface of films during manual processing
As close as possible
Insufficient or improper washing
Clinical exam
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times

41. What is the base of dental film composed of?
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
Genetic cells
Premature contact with developer
Blue tinted polyester acetate

42. What is the name for the part of the target that is struck by electrons
Focal spot
Panoramic cape
20 seconds
Erythema

43. What parts of the x-ray machine are included in the anode circuit
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
Occlusal
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
Higher kVp = low exposure

44. your dentist recommends that a patient have xrays taken - bu the patient refuses. What should be done

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45. You take a radiograph using 10 mA 30 impulses and 90 kVp - your dentist wants a radiograph with increased contrast and equal density. What settings would you use?
No exposure - or fixer before developer
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
Higher kVp = low exposure
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms

46. With What type film are intensifying screens used?
1/6th of a second
X-ray and heat
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough
extraoral film

47. What must be done to xray fixer priod to disposal
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
Remove silver
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer

48. What is the purpose of collimation
Reduce size and shape of beam
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
Patient positioning
Evidence based selection criteria

49. How can you differentiate the zygoma from the max sinus in a max posterior PA
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough
Not centered on sensor
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency

50. Max molar anatomy
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms