Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the proper patient position for BW's?
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors

2. What is the ADA approved method of mounting dental radiographs
Labial
Gray & Rad
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile

3. What determines the speed of dental films?
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
Increase the exposure time
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
decrease mA & time

4. When viewing a periapical radiograph - you notice that the image of the tooth is extremely long and well defined; However the apices are missing. What technique was used to take the radiograph? What caused the roots to appear long?
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
Roentgen

5. What speed films are most commonly used?
#1
D - E - F
50 mSv or 5 REM
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation

6. What is the collimator made out of...
Patient positioned too far to the left
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency
Lead
Incorrect horrizontal angulation

7. when taking a radiograph - you pulls the cone out about 6 inches from the patient's face. What is the result
Higher kVp = low exposure
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film
BW
Increase the area of radiation exposure

8. you use an exposure time of 10 impulses. How many seconds is this
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
7 1/2 or 15 watt
1/6th of a second

9. What is the purpose of a pano
decrease mA & time
1.5 mm
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the

10. What would cause a film to be too light
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
20 seconds
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
Erythema

11. What is a large dose of radiation given over a short period of time
Short-term dose
Increase the exposure time
1.5 mm
50 mSv or 5 REM

12. What is the area of the skull that is in focus on a pano

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13. How long does the first rinse last
Reduce size and shape of beam
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
20 seconds
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough

14. if the source-object distance is cut from 16 to 8 - What must be changed to compensate
Eyewear - mask - and gown
As low as reasonably achievable
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling

15. What controls the speed with which the electrons travel from the cathode to the anode
KVp
Original - undeflected - useful beam
4 feet
Evidence based selection criteria

16. What factors would decrease edge sharpness and increase magnification
Far object-image receptor distance
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Rectangular collimation
Mandibular occlusal

17. A patient complains of pain in the upper molar region. What radiographic exposure should be made?
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
#2
Periapical
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner

18. What is the primary beam
10 min (dbl the development time)
Excessive vertical angulation
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices

19. What is the major use of cross sectional occlusal radiograph
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
Panoramic cape

20. What is the earliest sign of radiation exposure
Patient positioned too far to the left
Erythema
Filament
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure

21. What are common sources of background radiation
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film
Insufficient vertical angulation
Genetic cells

22. which radiographic technique records the most accurate image of crowns - roots - and supporting structures in a selected area?
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
Remove silver
Copper stem - radiator and air space
Film placed backwards

23. which anatomical structures appear radiopaque
Patient movement
Dentin - enamel - bone
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver

24. What can be done to increase the life span of processing solutions
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
5 mSv or .5 REM
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis

25. which anatomic feature is visible on a PANO - bu not on a PA
KVp
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
Mand. foramen
Every 6 mths

26. What type of x-rays have greater penetrating power - long or short wavelength?
#3
Short
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues

27. How does packet placement differ b/w bisecting and paralleling
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
1/3-1/2
Didn't push button completely
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the

28. when viewing a PANO - you notice that the right TMJ is magnified - bu the left TMJ is normal. What caused this error
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
Patient positioned too far to the left
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots

29. What quality control procedures should be performed on xray cassettes
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
As far as practical
Step-wedge or test film
Excessive vertical angulation

30. What would happen to a film that is placed in the fixer prior to development
Every 4 weeks
Far object-image receptor distance
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)

31. Max lat. canine anatomy
Cut exposure time by 1/3
Vertical BW
Nasal fossa - max sinus
Mandibular occlusal

32. What anatomical structures appear radiolucent on a dental radiograph
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
Labial
1/4 as intense
Air space and soft tissues

33. What anatomical structures appear radiopaque on a dental radiograph
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
No. 4
Enamel - dentin - and bone

34. What is the bremsstrahlung radiation
2.5 mm
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
25

35. What type of safelight filter is acceptable
GBX - 2
Nasal fossa - max sinus
50 mSv (5rem)
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth

36. What is the major diff. b/w particulate and electromagnetic radiation
Long-term dose
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
GBX - 2

37. How does kVp affect patient exposure
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Nasal fossa - max sinus
Higher kVp = low exposure
Excessive vertical angulation

38. According to principles of shadow casting - How should the central beam be directed
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development

39. What Size film is 7/8 x 1 3/8
Soft tissue - air space
No. 0
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
Enamel - dentin - and bone

40. What is the purpose of replenishing the developer solution
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -
No. 0
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Remove silver

41. Max. centrals anatomy
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
Periapical
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
Shadow around the tooth

42. How often must you replenish the solutions in an automatic processor
7 1/2 or 15 watt
20 seconds
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
Didn't push button completely

43. What parts of the x-ray machine are included in the cathode circuit
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
1/4 as intense
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety

44. According to the principles of shadow casting - preferred object-film distance
As close as possible
MA & time
1.5 mm
Insufficient vertical angulation

45. List the properties of x-rays
invisible -travel in straight lines -no mass/weight -travel and speed of light -no charge -interact w/ matter causing ionization -can penetrate opaque tissues and structures -can effect photographic film emulsion -can effect biologic tissue
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting

46. What is penumbra
D - E - F
DEHNR
Every 4 weeks
Shadow around the tooth

47. In which area of the tooth is interproximal caries often seen
Remove silver
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
No. 4
Copper stem - radiator and air space

48. Max premolar anatomy
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
#1
Max. sinus - zygoma
Faster film = lower definition and detail

49. What part of the x-ray machine helps remove heat
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Copper stem - radiator and air space
Lead
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals

50. What type of projection is used to visualize the crestol alveolar bone on a patient with moderate to severe bone loss
Focal spot
25
Vertical BW
No. 0