Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does the reproductive capacity of a cell correlate with radiosensitivity
Patient movement
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation
Insufficient vertical angulation
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film

2. When using D speed film - you use 50 impulses of radiation. How many impulses would you use with E speed film?
25
As close as possible
Insufficient or improper washing
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor

3. What is the x-ray at the center of the primary beam called
Not centered on sensor
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
Central ray

4. How does packet placement differ b/w bisecting and paralleling
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away

5. What Size film is used to take an occlusal radiograph of a 6 yr old child
#2
Insufficient or improper washing
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
#0

6. What film is used to diagnose interproximal decay
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
#0
BW

7. 3 film holding devices used for paralleling
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
Patient positioning
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
Blue light sensitive films

8. you use an exposure time of 10 impulses. How many seconds is this
1/6th of a second
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
50 mSv (5rem)
Patient positioned too far to the left

9. How are indirect exposure films exposed
DEHNR
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
No. 0

10. What are common sources of background radiation
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
As far as practical
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
Ionization

11. 3 film holding devices used for bisecting
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy

12. What is the purpose of filtration
Patient positioned too far to the left
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
Tori
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD

13. What is the primary beam
Original - undeflected - useful beam
1/6th of a second
Every 4 weeks
No. 0

14. What Size film is 2 1/4 x 3
Air space and soft tissues
As close as possible
No. 4
Mandibular lateral/central

15. What can be done to minimize gagging when taking radiographs
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
Focal spot
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the

16. According to principles of shadow casting - How should the central beam be directed
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
Gray & Rad
BW
Panoramic cape

17. According to the principles of shadow casting - preferred object-film distance
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
MRI
As close as possible
DEHNR

18. What is the purpose of collimation
10 min (dbl the development time)
Periapical
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side
Reduce size and shape of beam

19. What anatomical structures appear radiopaque on a dental radiograph
PANO
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
Enamel - dentin - and bone

20. when duplicating radiographs - What side of the duplicating film is in contact with the radiograph to be duplicated
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)

21. What is inherent filtration
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
Gray & Rad
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Ionization

22. What are the short term effects of radiation exposure
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
Nerve - brain - muscle
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
Mand. foramen

23. How often should developing solutions be changed
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
Every 4 weeks
decrease mA & time
#3

24. What periapical technique offers the best diagnostic quality?
The mental ridge
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
2.75 inch
Filament

25. Size film used for BW on adults
#2
1.5 mm
10 min (dbl the development time)
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers

26. What looking at a PANO What causes a big smile
No. 4
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
Step-wedge or test film
Chin down

27. How can you differentiate the zygoma from the max sinus in a max posterior PA
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image

28. What quality control procedures should be performed on xray cassettes
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
Gelatin and silver halide crystals
Lead
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks

29. What causes teeth to appear very short and distorted
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
Film badges
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees

30. In which area of the tooth is interproximal caries often seen
Film placed backwards
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
Chin down
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development

31. What is the base of dental film composed of?
Focal spot
Evidence based selection criteria
Blue tinted polyester acetate
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal

32. What is the ADA approved method of mounting dental radiographs
Every 6 mths
KVp
Labial
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away

33. What is the purpose of a pano
Ionization
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is

34. Size film used for BW on adults when only one film is taken on each side
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
#3
2.5 mm

35. What factors affect the sharpness of the radiographic image
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices

36. When mounting dental radiographs - What is the best way to differentiate max and mand films?
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Patient positioning
extraoral film

37. Mand central anatomy
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
Extra oral
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass

38. How should x-ray film be stored
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
No. 0
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F

39. How many impulses are in .25 seconds
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
As far as practical
15 impulses
#2

40. your dentist recommends that a patient have xrays taken - bu the patient refuses. What should be done

41. Max premolar anatomy
Increase the exposure time
Max. sinus - zygoma
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight
Density

42. According to principles of shadow casting - preferred source-object distance
Filament
As far as practical
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
Evidence based selection criteria

43. What Size film is 1 1/16 x 2 1/8
Chin down
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
No. 3

44. Mand lateral/canine anatomy
.25 mm
As low as reasonably achievable
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
Tori

45. after processing exposed dental film - you notice dark spots on the film. What caused this
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
Step-wedge or test film
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
Premature contact with developer

46. you process four BW films. three of the films appear normal - but one is clear. What happened

47. total filtration required of x-ray machines that operate above 70 kVp
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
2.5 mm
Max. sinus - zygoma
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals

48. What part of the x-ray machine is responsible for providing the electrons
Filament
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
.25 mm

49. How does exposure time for children compare to that of an adult
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
1/3-1/2
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed

50. What is the most important step in panoramic radiography
Mand occlusal
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery
5 min
Patient positioning