Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What film would be used to locate a foreign body in the bucco-lingual relationship
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
Nerve - brain - muscle
Occlucal
Occlusal

2. you use an exposure time of 10 impulses. How many seconds is this
20 min
As close as possible
Enamel - dentin - and bone
1/6th of a second

3. What causes conecut
Step-wedge or test film
Not centered on sensor
Short-term dose
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging

4. Mand molar anatomy
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus
6 ft
As close as possible
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production

5. your film badge report sHows that you have received a small amt. of radiation. What should you do
Dentin - enamel - bone
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Max. sinus - zygoma

6. What exposure is taken to determine jaw relationships in ortho treatment planning
Lateral cephalometric
20 seconds
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
Far object-image receptor distance

7. What is the primary beam
X-ray and heat
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth

8. How can you differentiate the zygoma from the max sinus in a max posterior PA
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Film badges
Patient positioned too far to the left

9. What is penumbra
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
Shadow around the tooth

10. What are automatic processors faster than manual processing?
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus

11. What causes overlapping
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
Step-wedge or test film

12. What control factors effect the density of a radiograph
Insufficient or improper washing
MA & time
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Higher kVp = low exposure

13. What is the optimum processing temp.
68 degrees F
Lead
No. 0
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation

14. Size film used for BW on adults when only one film is taken on each side
decrease mA & time
#0
#3
As far as practical

15. How long is the final rinse
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film
PANO
20 min

16. when taking a PANO radiograph - the patient is placed too far into the machine. How will the radiograph appear
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width

17. How long does film stay in the developer
5 min
Ionization
Lead
2.75 inch

18. What radiographs are used to determine if a foreign object is located facially or lingually
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
#0
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile
Occlusal

19. When can the films be exposed to white light
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
No. 2
Document patient's refusal and have them sign

20. What is the best method of protecting the thyroid gland from radiation?
Rectangular collimation
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
Blue tinted polyester acetate
As close as possible

21. Max molar anatomy
No. 3
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process

22. What 3 types of cells are most radiosensitive
5(n-18)
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues

23. A properly exposed film appears completely black. when was is exposed to white light
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling
Before fixing
#0

24. What looking at manually processed films - you notice small black spots on the films. What caused those spots?
Not centered on sensor
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
Original - undeflected - useful beam

25. What is the collimator made out of...
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
Clinical exam
2.5 mm
Lead

26. How far from the work surface must the safelight be mounted
D - E - F
4 feet
Document patient's refusal and have them sign
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development

27. you notice that the xrays you process are becoming successively lighter than the quality control film you compare it to. What should you do
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer
Dentin - enamel - bone
PANO
Nerve - brain - muscle

28. What is the major diff. b/w particulate and electromagnetic radiation
Reduce size and shape of beam
Insufficient vertical angulation
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals

29. What is used to clean the screens inside of a cassestte
Faster film = lower definition and detail
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner
Lateral cephalometric

30. What are the 2 units used to measure exposure to radiation
Sv & Rem
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
25
As low as reasonably achievable

31. In which area of the tooth is interproximal caries often seen
extraoral film
MRI
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth

32. What is thermionic emission
6 ft
#2
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
Scatter/secondary radition

33. How does packet placement differ b/w bisecting and paralleling
5 min
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
Vertical BW
Premature contact with developer

34. What controls the speed with which the electrons travel from the cathode to the anode
KVp
extraoral film
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
invisible -travel in straight lines -no mass/weight -travel and speed of light -no charge -interact w/ matter causing ionization -can penetrate opaque tissues and structures -can effect photographic film emulsion -can effect biologic tissue

35. What is the main source of radiation exposure to the operator
Film placed backwards
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
Scatter/secondary radition

36. when viewing a duplicated radiograph - you notice that the duplicate is too dark. What should you do to duplicating time to lighten the film
15 impulses
Increase the exposure time
Nasal fossa - max sinus
Nerve - brain - muscle

37. What factors would decrease edge sharpness and increase magnification
The mental ridge
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density
Far object-image receptor distance

38. Size film used for occlusals on adults
#4
PANO
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed

39. How does the reproductive capacity of a cell correlate with radiosensitivity
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation
Not centered on sensor
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass

40. What happens in the developer
Parallel
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
Premature contact with developer
Long-term dose

41. What is the name for the part of the target that is struck by electrons
Didn't push button completely
Focal spot
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals

42. What causes film fogging
Roentgen
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging

43. Proper patient positiong for paralleling

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

44. using a 16 inch cone focal-film distance - the diameter of the beam measured at the patient's face should be no larger than
Nerve - brain - muscle
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
2.75 inch

45. What is the purpose of taking radiographs of an edentulous patient
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
5(n-18)
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass

46. What is the latent image
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions

47. How often must you replenish the solutions in an automatic processor
No. 4
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars

48. Size film used for anterior PA's for patients with narrow arches
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
#1
Far object-image receptor distance
Roentgen

49. What is a large dose of radiation given over a short period of time
Short-term dose
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
Cut exposure time by 1/3
Insufficient or improper washing

50. What radiograph is used to sHow contrast in soft tissues
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
MRI
6 ft
Every 4 weeks