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Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do you differentiate b/w max and mand molar when mounting
Excessive vertical angulation
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
Positioning the arches too far foward
1/4 as intense

2. How should x-ray film be stored
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info
Max. sinus - zygoma
Rectangular collimations

3. How does exposure time for children compare to that of an adult
1/3-1/2
No. 2
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS

4. What happens in the developer
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation

5. using a 16 inch cone focal-film distance - the diameter of the beam measured at the patient's face should be no larger than
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
2.75 inch
Every 4 weeks
Nerve - brain - muscle

6. What would happen to a film that is placed in the fixer prior to development
X-ray and heat
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Clinical exam

7. According to the principles of shadow casting - preferred object-film distance
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
As close as possible
Sv & Rem
10 min (dbl the development time)

8. if the source-object distance is cut from 16 to 8 - What must be changed to compensate
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling
25
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Sv & Rem

9. According to principles of shadow casting - How should the film be placed in relation to the tooth?
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Enamel - dentin - and bone
Parallel
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom

10. which anatomical structures appear radiopaque
Dentin - enamel - bone
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects

11. What film would be used to locate a foreign body in the bucco-lingual relationship
MA & time
Soft tissue - air space
Air space and soft tissues
Occlucal

12. How is vertical angulation established with the bisecting technique
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner
15 impulses
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film

13. What type film is faster - intraoral or extraoral
Extra oral
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
Vertical BW
5 mSv or .5 REM

14. What is the purpose of filtration
#2
#1 or #2 - placed so the edge of the receptor lines up behind the distal of the canine before the eruption of the permanent 2nd molar; - after the eruption of the perm. 2nd molar - 2 posterior PA's should be taken per quadrant
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
6 ft

15. Explain PSP
Labial
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
Roentgen
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate

16. when taking a paralleling radiograph of a patient with palatal tori - Where is the film places
On the back side of the tori
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
MA & time

17. Max. centrals anatomy
Scatter/secondary radition
decrease mA & time
1/4 as intense
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen

18. What is the max. permissable fose for radiation workers in systeme interventional units
50 mSv (5rem)
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator

19. How can you differentiate the zygoma from the max sinus in a max posterior PA
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency
2.75 inch
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
Rectangular collimations

20. What equation is used to calculate the accumulated MPD
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
Quantum of energy
5(n-18)

21. Size film used for PA's on adults
#2
BW
2.5 mm
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width

22. What is the purpose of collimation
Increase the area of radiation exposure
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS
Reduce size and shape of beam
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density

23. What are common sources of background radiation
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
KVp
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density

24. What size bulb is used in safelight
No. 3
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA

25. What is the ADA approved method of mounting dental radiographs
#2
Labial
Mand. foramen
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar

26. What info should be recorded on the dental radiographic mount

27. What would cause increased magnification - decreased resolution and edge sharpness
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
Genetic cells
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Excessive vertical angulation

28. when taking a PANO radiograph - the patient is placed too far into the machine. How will the radiograph appear
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
Extra oral
Short-term dose

29. What radiographs are used to determine if a foreign object is located facially or lingually
Tori
Occlusal
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
Nerve - brain - muscle

30. What radiograph is used to sHow contrast in soft tissues
Rectangular collimations
Film placed backwards
Excessive vertical angulation
MRI

31. How can exposure to the operator be reduced
Negative
Air space and soft tissues
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
Move farther from the radiation

32. A patient complains of pain in the upper molar region. What radiographic exposure should be made?
Periapical
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
Remove silver
#2

33. Mand premolar anatomy
BW
Mand occlusal
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal
Document patient's refusal and have them sign

34. What must be done to xray fixer priod to disposal
Higher kVp = low exposure
Remove silver
1/3-1/2
Tori

35. What type of angulation is used when taking radiographs of the mand. arch
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Negative
Higher kVp = low exposure

36. What type of projection is used to visualize the crestol alveolar bone on a patient with moderate to severe bone loss
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
Vertical BW
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
DEHNR

37. What must a patient remove before taking a PANO
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Negative
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Mand. foramen

38. when taking a radiograph - you pulls the cone out about 6 inches from the patient's face. What is the result
Gray & Rad
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
Increase the area of radiation exposure

39. What is the proper patient position for BW's?
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
No. 0
Positioning the arches too far foward

40. What Size film is 2 1/4 x 3
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
#0
No. 4

41. What 3 types of cells are most radiosensitive
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
2.75 inch
Excessive vertical angulation
Labial

42. What NC agency is resposible for monitoring dental x-ray equipment
DEHNR
4 feet
15 impulses
Insufficient or improper washing

43. when viewing a PANO - you notice that a lot of spine sHows on both side of the film - What caused this
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
Positioning the arches too far foward
Cut exposure time by 1/3

44. an insurance company requests a patient's radiographs when examining a dental clain. you only have one copy of the radiographs. What should you do
Focal spot
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
Every 6 mths
Incorrect horrizontal angulation

45. you change from an 8 inch to an 16 inch focal film distance. How is the intensity of the beam affected
1/4 as intense
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
Filament

46. When mounting dental radiographs - What is the best way to differentiate max and mand films?
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Vertical BW
1/4 as intense
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner

47. How does film speed correlate with definition and detail?
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile
Copper stem - radiator and air space
Faster film = lower definition and detail
Insufficient vertical angulation

48. What type lead apron should be used when taking PANO radiographs
Panoramic cape
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
Left molar PA

49. What happens in the fixer
Patient movement
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.

50. What causes overlapping
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
15 impulses
Document patient's refusal and have them sign