Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are common sources of background radiation
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
Excessive vertical angulation
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal

2. What control factors effect the density of a radiograph
Occlucal
Didn't push button completely
Ionization
MA & time

3. Max molar anatomy
Negative
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Shadow around the tooth
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process

4. A patient complains of pain in the upper molar region. What radiographic exposure should be made?
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info
Remove silver
Periapical
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)

5. What is the proper patient position for BW's?
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD

6. How does reducing exposure to the patient benefit the operator
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Insufficient or improper washing
Increase the exposure time
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp

7. Size film used for anterior PA's for patients with narrow arches
Occlucal
Clinical exam
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
#1

8. Proper patient positiong for paralleling

9. You notice on a PANO that the ant. teeth appear narrow and out of focus. What caused this
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough
#2

10. What part of the x-ray machine is responsible for providing the electrons
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Filament

11. What is the maximum size of the x-ray beam at the patients face
2.75 inches
Occlucal
Gray & Rad
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells

12. Size film used for BW on adults when only one film is taken on each side
5 mSv or .5 REM
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
#3
Labial

13. You process a set of BW's in the automatic processor. three of the BW's are of good quality - but fourth is completely blank. What probably caused this?
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
No. 2
Nasal fossa - max sinus
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors

14. which anatomical structures appear radiolucent
Lateral cephalometric
Soft tissue - air space
No exposure - or fixer before developer
Before fixing

15. What type of film are calcium tungstate screens paired with
Blue light sensitive films
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
Not centered on sensor

16. What is the bremsstrahlung radiation
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
Film placed backwards
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film

17. What are occlusal radiographs used to diagnose
locate retained roots -locate unerrupted or impacted teeth -evaluate for diseases and lesions -locate foreign bodies -reveal presence of salivary stones (sialothiths) -aid in evaluating fractures -size and shape of tori -aid in examining patients wit
Doesn't matter
Lead
Long-term dose

18. What Size film is 2 1/4 x 3
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
As low as reasonably achievable
No. 4

19. Size film used for PA's on small children
#0
8-16 inches
Short-term dose
Left molar PA

20. What anatomical structures appear radiopaque on a dental radiograph
Mand. foramen
Enamel - dentin - and bone
Focal spot
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues

21. What size bulb is used in safelight
No. 0
Dentin - enamel - bone
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
7 1/2 or 15 watt

22. When using D speed film - you use 50 impulses of radiation. How many impulses would you use with E speed film?
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
Extra oral
Periapical
25

23. What would cause a properly exposed film to appear dark?
As far as practical
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info

24. What is small doses of radiation given over a long period of time
Long-term dose
Faster film = lower definition and detail
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
1.5 mm

25. A properly exposed film appears completely black. when was is exposed to white light
Insufficient or improper washing
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
Before fixing
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat

26. How are indirect exposure films exposed
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film

27. when duplicating radiographs - What side of the duplicating film is in contact with the radiograph to be duplicated
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Before fixing
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver

28. What projection would you take for a patient complaining of pain in the lower left molar area
Shadow around the tooth
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
Film badges
Left molar PA

29. What causes teeth to appear very short and distorted
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
Mand. foramen
#0

30. What is the source-skin distance of x-ray machine that operates at 75 kVp
X-ray and heat
Mand. foramen
8-16 inches
Patient movement

31. an insurance company requests a patient's radiographs when examining a dental clain. you only have one copy of the radiographs. What should you do
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Chin down
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
Scatter/secondary radition

32. which anatomical structures appear radiopaque
Dentin - enamel - bone
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
decrease mA & time
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy

33. when mounting a film the dot is convex - On What side of the mouth would you find #32?
Labial
Reduce size and shape of beam
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
Left side

34. What causes missing apices
No. 4
Insufficient vertical angulation
Step-wedge or test film
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -

35. You take a radiograph using 10 mA 30 impulses and 90 kVp - your dentist wants a radiograph with increased contrast and equal density. What settings would you use?
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
X-rays that have been deflected from an object and have changed paths
50 mSv (5rem)

36. when viewing a duplicated radiograph - you notice that the duplicate is too dark. What should you do to duplicating time to lighten the film
Periapical
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
Increase the exposure time
Film badges

37. What is used to clean the screens inside of a cassestte
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
1/4 as intense
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner

38. What is the purpose of the lead foil?
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
Excessive vertical angulation
Chin down

39. when viewing a molar BW - What should be on the distal of the film
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight
Didn't push button completely

40. How would a film appear if submerged totally in the developer but not in the fixer
8-16 inches
As close as possible
6 ft
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark

41. How does radiation effect cells
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal
Extra oral
Ionization

42. What types of cells must be effected in order for mutation to occur
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
Genetic cells
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark

43. total filtration required of x-ray machines that operate above 70 kVp
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
#2
2.5 mm
Negative

44. What is done to the primary beam to make is useful
Filtration and collimation
MRI
Air space and soft tissues
Tori

45. How is vertical angulation established with the paralleling technique
Genetic cells
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
Blue tinted polyester acetate

46. you change from an 8 inch to an 16 inch focal film distance. How is the intensity of the beam affected
1/4 as intense
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
Mand. foramen
15 impulses

47. How long does film stay in the developer
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
5 min
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
1/3-1/2

48. How does resolutiong and detial of a panoramic radiograph compare with that of PA's and BW's
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells

49. Mand premolar anatomy
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis
Short-term dose
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal

50. How long are films fixed
1/3-1/2
10 min (dbl the development time)
extraoral film
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)