Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to the principles of shadow casting - preferred object-film distance
The mental ridge
#2
As close as possible
Shadow around the tooth

2. What is the purpose of replenishing the developer solution
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
Mand. foramen
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -

3. Mand premolar anatomy
Occlusal
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal

4. When looking at radiographs that were taken several years ago - you notice a brownish stain which makes interpretation difficult. What caused this?
Insufficient or improper washing
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
Extra oral

5. According to principles of shadow casting - How should the film be placed in relation to the tooth?
5 mSv or .5 REM
Parallel
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
GBX - 2

6. When taking a radiograph - you pull the end of the PID away from the patients face about 6 inches. How will this affect the radiographic image and patient exposure
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
1/4 as intense
Excessive vertical angulation
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side

7. What is the purpose of taking radiographs of an edentulous patient
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head

8. What types of cells must be effected in order for mutation to occur
Mand occlusal
Extra oral
Genetic cells
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away

9. What exposure is taken to determine jaw relationships in ortho treatment planning
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
Lateral cephalometric
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
CCD (direct) - CMOS (direct) - PSP (indirect)

10. How does resolutiong and detial of a panoramic radiograph compare with that of PA's and BW's
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
Rectangular collimations
Quantum of energy

11. What is the optimum processing temp.
No. 4
68 degrees F
Nerve - brain - muscle
X-ray and heat

12. What are the long term effects of radiation exposure
DEHNR
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
locate retained roots -locate unerrupted or impacted teeth -evaluate for diseases and lesions -locate foreign bodies -reveal presence of salivary stones (sialothiths) -aid in evaluating fractures -size and shape of tori -aid in examining patients wit
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight

13. What exposure would be useful in identifying salivary stones in the submandibular gland
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
Left molar PA
Rectangular collimation
Mand occlusal

14. What controls the speed with which the electrons travel from the cathode to the anode
KVp
Extra oral
Nerve - brain - muscle
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals

15. What are the short term effects of radiation exposure
1.5 mm
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
#2

16. How should x-ray film be stored
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
1.5 mm
#4
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors

17. What type PID significantly reduces exposure to the patient
D - E - F
Rectangular collimations
On the back side of the tori
Insufficient or improper washing

18. Size film used for anterior PA's for patients with narrow arches
7 1/2 or 15 watt
As close as possible
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
#1

19. You process a set of BW's in the automatic processor. three of the BW's are of good quality - but fourth is completely blank. What probably caused this?
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp

20. What is the purpose of the lead foil?
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side
No. 4

21. when manually processing dental film - you notice the temp. has gotten warmer as the day progressed. How should the developing time be changed?
Scatter/secondary radition
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the

22. What 2 unites are used to measure biologic effect and dose equivalent
No. 3
#2
Higher kVp = low exposure
Sv & Rem

23. when duplicating radiographs - What side of the duplicating film is in contact with the radiograph to be duplicated
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
1/4 as intense
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up

24. What 2 unites are used to measure absorption
Gray & Rad
GBX - 2
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
Panoramic cape

25. when should radiographs be taken on a pregnant patient
Periapical
Cut exposure time by 1/3
MRI
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery

26. Explain PSP
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
Vertical BW

27. How does exposure time for edentulous patients compare to dentulous patients
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
#1

28. What film is used to diagnose interproximal decay
5 mSv or .5 REM
2.5 mm
BW
Insufficient vertical angulation

29. How long are films fixed
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
As far as practical
10 min (dbl the development time)
Document patient's refusal and have them sign

30. Size film used for BW on adults
1/6th of a second
Clinical exam
#2
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)

31. What is small doses of radiation given over a long period of time
Long-term dose
2.75 inch
6 ft
Doesn't matter

32. What is the annual MPD for radiation workers
The mental ridge
Positioning the arches too far foward
50 mSv or 5 REM
Insufficient or improper washing

33. What device is used to check quality of processing chemicals
KVp
MRI
Step-wedge or test film
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is

34. Size film used for occlusals on adults
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
#4
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
68 degrees F

35. which dose of radiation is more biologically damaging
Every 6 mths
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
As close as possible
Soft tissue - air space

36. What causes elongation
.25 mm
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS
Eyewear - mask - and gown
Insufficient vertical angulation

37. What must be done to xray fixer priod to disposal
GBX - 2
Remove silver
Far object-image receptor distance
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation

38. What is a large dose of radiation given over a short period of time
Short-term dose
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Vertical BW

39. What should be done prior to ordering radiographs for a patient
Clinical exam
Filament
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
Patient positioning

40. What is the primary beam
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas
10 min (dbl the development time)
Original - undeflected - useful beam

41. What is the max. permissable fose for radiation workers in systeme interventional units
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis
50 mSv (5rem)
Parallel
No. 3

42. Film submerged totally in fixer but not in developer
20 min
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam

43. Mand central anatomy
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
50 mSv or 5 REM
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen

44. What determines the speed of dental films?
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
#1 or #2 - placed so the edge of the receptor lines up behind the distal of the canine before the eruption of the permanent 2nd molar; - after the eruption of the perm. 2nd molar - 2 posterior PA's should be taken per quadrant
No. 4
Negative

45. What is the latent image
Parallel
decrease mA & time
Insufficient or improper washing
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)

46. What control factors effect contrast
KVp
Excessive vertical angulation
Film placed backwards
Air space and soft tissues

47. What part of the x-ray machine is responsible for providing the electrons
Quantum of energy
Film badges
Far object-image receptor distance
Filament

48. How often must you replenish the solutions in an automatic processor
No exposure - or fixer before developer
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
Reduce size and shape of beam
Dentin - enamel - bone

49. How are indirect exposure films exposed
2.5 mm
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
Patient positioned too far to the left

50. What is the major diff. b/w particulate and electromagnetic radiation
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
Parallel
Original - undeflected - useful beam