Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What causes missing apices
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
Insufficient vertical angulation
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal

2. when duplicating radiographs - What side of the duplicating film is in contact with the radiograph to be duplicated
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator

3. Max lat. canine anatomy
Dentin - enamel - bone
Nasal fossa - max sinus
6 ft
1/5 exposure time for edentulous

4. What size bulb is used in safelight
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam

5. What device is used to check quality of processing chemicals
Step-wedge or test film
50 mSv (5rem)
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth

6. What is used to clean the screens inside of a cassestte
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
#1 or #2 - placed so the edge of the receptor lines up behind the distal of the canine before the eruption of the permanent 2nd molar; - after the eruption of the perm. 2nd molar - 2 posterior PA's should be taken per quadrant
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner

7. How can exposure to the operator be reduced
No. 0
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
Move farther from the radiation

8. How far should the operator stand from the source of radiation
4 feet
Panoramic cape
6 ft
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting

9. What should be done prior to ordering radiographs for a patient
Before fixing
Clinical exam
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
To distinguish b/w patient's right and left side

10. What is the term to describe the overall blackness of a radiograph
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
Density
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image

11. What is the max. permissable fose for radiation workers in systeme interventional units
Enamel - dentin - and bone
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
50 mSv (5rem)
Remove silver

12. you notice that the xrays you process are becoming successively lighter than the quality control film you compare it to. What should you do
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough

13. You take a radiograph using 10 mA 30 impulses and 90 kVp - your dentist wants a radiograph with increased contrast and equal density. What settings would you use?
Short
Left molar PA
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
Cut exposure time by 1/3

14. What is the main source of radiation exposure to the operator
Every 6 mths
Patient positioning
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed
Scatter/secondary radition

15. What can be done to increase the life span of processing solutions
Blue light sensitive films
Film placed backwards
Evidence based selection criteria
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis

16. What causes clear film
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
Clinical exam
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
No exposure - or fixer before developer

17. How should the frequency of radiographic exposures be determined
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
Document patient's refusal and have them sign
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure

18. What Size film is used to take a BW on a 3 yr. old
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency
#0
Patient movement
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD

19. What is added filtration
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Clinical exam
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production

20. your dentist recommends that a patient have xrays taken - bu the patient refuses. What should be done

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

21. When looking at radiographs that were taken several years ago - you notice a brownish stain which makes interpretation difficult. What caused this?
Every 4 weeks
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
Insufficient or improper washing

22. What can be done to minimize gagging when taking radiographs
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
Mandibular lateral/central
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
Filtration and collimation

23. What would cause a film to be too light
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film
Focal spot
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)

24. What size and How is the film places when taking a molar PA in the mixed dentition

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

25. How long are films fixed
.25 mm
10 min (dbl the development time)
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms

26. What looking at manually processed films - you notice small black spots on the films. What caused those spots?
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.
Excessive vertical angulation
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer

27. How much total filtration is required of x-ray machines that operate lower than 70 kVp
Insufficient vertical angulation
1.5 mm
Didn't push button completely
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors

28. What film is used to diagnose interproximal decay
Not centered on sensor
BW
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal

29. What does alara stand for
As low as reasonably achievable
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner

30. What controls the speed with which the electrons travel from the cathode to the anode
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
KVp
Extra oral
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam

31. What Size film is 1 1/4 x 1 5/8
Thyroid collar - lead and lead-equivalent sprons are availaable with or without an attached thyroid collar
GBX - 2
No. 2
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer

32. How does radiation effect cells
5 min
Ionization
Labial
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency

33. How are x-rays formed in the tubehead
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
Excessive vertical angulation
Dentin - enamel - bone

34. On a mandibular molar PA - Where is the mylohoid ridge located
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
X-ray and heat
Left molar PA

35. What looking at a PANO What causes a big smile
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Chin down
Genetic cells

36. What is the purpose of replenishing the developer solution
No. 4
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
X-ray and heat

37. you change you kVp from 90 to 70 and leave all other factors the same. What is the result
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density
Cut exposure time by 1/3
1.5 mm
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells

38. What is the name for the part of the target that is struck by electrons
DEHNR
Patient positioned too far to the left
Increase the exposure time
Focal spot

39. What NC agency is resposible for monitoring dental x-ray equipment
DEHNR
1/3-1/2
Insufficient vertical angulation
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution

40. How should x-ray film be stored
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure
No. 3
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F

41. after processing exposed dental film - you notice dark spots on the film. What caused this
Excessive vertical angulation
Remove silver
Premature contact with developer
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch

42. Max. centrals anatomy
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
Mandibular lateral/central
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen

43. What type of angulation is used when taking radiographs of the mand. arch
BW
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
Negative
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time

44. According to principles of shadow casting - How should the central beam be directed
Film badges
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -

45. What causes conecut
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
Occlucal
Not centered on sensor
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus

46. How does exposure time differ b/w adults and children
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
Clinical exam
Cut exposure time by 1/3

47. What is the proper patient position for BW's?
Scatter/secondary radition
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Mand occlusal
As low as reasonably achievable

48. What is the most commonly used personnel monitoring devide for dental offices
Faster film = lower definition and detail
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner
Doesn't matter
Film badges

49. What Size film is 7/8 x 1 3/8
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed
No. 0
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam

50. What type PID significantly reduces exposure to the patient
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
Cut exposure time by 1/3
Rectangular collimations
Clinical exam