Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. in which pericapical projection will the mental ridge be visible
Lead
Parallel
Mandibular lateral/central
Incorrect horrizontal angulation

2. What is characteristic radiation
Faster film = lower definition and detail
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
Short-term dose
#1

3. How does exposure time for children compare to that of an adult
4 feet
1/3-1/2
Far object-image receptor distance
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation

4. What film would be used to locate a foreign body in the bucco-lingual relationship
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
Occlucal
Short
Chin down

5. What is the purpose of the embossed dot

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6. What quality control procedures should be performed on xray cassettes
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
Vertical BW
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth

7. What exposure would be useful in identifying salivary stones in the submandibular gland
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Chin down
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal
Mand occlusal

8. which dose of radiation is more biologically damaging
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
2.75 inch
Higher kVp = low exposure

9. if the source-object distance is cut from 16 to 8 - What must be changed to compensate
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
Short-term dose

10. when viewing a PANO - you notice that a lot of spine sHows on both side of the film - What caused this
Positioning the arches too far foward
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer

11. What type of projection is used to visualize the crestol alveolar bone on a patient with moderate to severe bone loss
Vertical BW
Scatter/secondary radition
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting
Remove silver

12. What are the short term effects of radiation exposure
68 degrees F
Erythema - vomitting - nausea - hemorrage - diarrhea - hair loss
MRI
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width

13. which anatomical structures appear radiopaque
Insufficient vertical angulation
Positioning the arches too far foward
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
Dentin - enamel - bone

14. Max premolar anatomy
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus
Max. sinus - zygoma
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
Before fixing

15. How is vertical angulation established with the bisecting technique
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
Central ray
68 degrees F

16. when mounting a film the dot is convex - On What side of the mouth would you find #32?
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
50 mSv (5rem)
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
Left side

17. What Size film is used to take an occlusal radiograph of a 6 yr old child
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
#2

18. after processing exposed dental film - you notice dark spots on the film. What caused this
Premature contact with developer
1.5 mm
Step-wedge or test film
BW

19. you change from an 8 inch to an 16 inch focal film distance. How is the intensity of the beam affected
Mandibular occlusal
1/4 as intense
Long-term dose
Focal spot

20. What type of film are calcium tungstate screens paired with
Blue light sensitive films
Lead
Enamel - dentin - and bone
PANO

21. Mand lateral/canine anatomy
MRI
Nerve - brain - muscle
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus
Tori

22. According to principles of shadow casting - How should the film be placed in relation to the tooth?
Parallel
MA & time
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen

23. What is the x-ray at the center of the primary beam called
Increase the exposure time
Central ray
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark
MA & time

24. What is the area of the skull that is in focus on a pano

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25. What factors affect the sharpness of the radiographic image
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
Filtration and collimation
X-ray and heat
Short-term dose

26. What is penumbra
invisible -travel in straight lines -no mass/weight -travel and speed of light -no charge -interact w/ matter causing ionization -can penetrate opaque tissues and structures -can effect photographic film emulsion -can effect biologic tissue
Chin down
Shadow around the tooth
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F

27. How far from the work surface must the safelight be mounted
Central ray
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
4 feet

28. How long is the final rinse
20 min
#2
No. 4
No. 2

29. How far should the operator stand from the source of radiation
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting
6 ft
Panoramic cape

30. What NC agency is resposible for monitoring dental x-ray equipment
Tori
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
DEHNR
1/3-1/2

31. What type of x-rays have greater penetrating power - long or short wavelength?
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
Short
Nerve - brain - muscle
Not centered on sensor

32. What should be done prior to ordering radiographs for a patient
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
Sv & Rem
Clinical exam
Reduce size and shape of beam

33. What Size film is 1 1/16 x 2 1/8
1/4 as intense
No. 3
Aluminum
#1

34. What 3 types of cells are most radiosensitive
Enamel - dentin - and bone
On the back side of the tori
Cut exposure time by 1/3
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells

35. What would cause increased magnification - decreased resolution and edge sharpness
50 mSv or 5 REM
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
.25 mm
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance

36. you process four BW films. three of the films appear normal - but one is clear. What happened

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37. How should the frequency of radiographic exposures be determined
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
Mand occlusal
Short
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy

38. What periapical technique offers the best diagnostic quality?
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling
Movement caused by the patient - slippage of the image receptor - or vibration of the tube head
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
As close as possible

39. How does exposure time differ b/w adults and children
Cut exposure time by 1/3
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Roentgen

40. How do you differentiate b/w max and mand molar when mounting
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
Roentgen
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
No. 2

41. According to principles of shadow casting - preferred source-object distance
Step-wedge or test film
Periapical
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
As far as practical

42. How can exposure to the operator be reduced
Reduce size and shape of beam
Move farther from the radiation
invisible -travel in straight lines -no mass/weight -travel and speed of light -no charge -interact w/ matter causing ionization -can penetrate opaque tissues and structures -can effect photographic film emulsion -can effect biologic tissue
Gelatin and silver halide crystals

43. Mand central anatomy
Far object-image receptor distance
1/4 as intense
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
BW

44. Size film used for anterior PA's for patients with narrow arches
#1
Every 6 mths
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure

45. when taking a radiograph - you pulls the cone out about 6 inches from the patient's face. What is the result
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
Patient positioned too far to the left
Increase the area of radiation exposure
5(n-18)

46. your dentist recommends that a patient have xrays taken - bu the patient refuses. What should be done

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47. When mounting dental radiographs - What is the best way to differentiate max and mand films?
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
1/3-1/2
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film

48. Size film used for PA's on adults
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
2.75 inches
#2
Clinical exam

49. What causes overlapping
Insufficient or improper washing
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
#1 or #2 - placed so the edge of the receptor lines up behind the distal of the canine before the eruption of the permanent 2nd molar; - after the eruption of the perm. 2nd molar - 2 posterior PA's should be taken per quadrant
Rectangular collimation

50. What is the bremsstrahlung radiation
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
Aluminum
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency
7 1/2 or 15 watt