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Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What causes overlapping
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
Film placed backwards
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
1/5 exposure time for edentulous

2. What would cause a film to be too light
Before fixing
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)
D - E - F
Doesn't matter

3. What type film is faster - intraoral or extraoral
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
Extra oral
locate retained roots -locate unerrupted or impacted teeth -evaluate for diseases and lesions -locate foreign bodies -reveal presence of salivary stones (sialothiths) -aid in evaluating fractures -size and shape of tori -aid in examining patients wit
Document patient's refusal and have them sign

4. How is vertical angulation established with the bisecting technique
5 min
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
As close as possible
#3

5. What would happen to a film that is placed in the fixer prior to development
Nasal fossa - max sinus
Faster film = lower definition and detail
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)

6. What causes film fogging
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
68 degrees F
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -
Move farther from the radiation

7. What Size film is 7/8 x 1 3/8
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
No. 0

8. What type of angulation is used when taking radiographs of the mand. arch
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
Long-term dose
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
Negative

9. What parts of the x-ray machine are included in the anode circuit
Scatter/secondary radition
#0
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator
MA & time

10. What is inherent filtration
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
Patient's dental arches; maxilla and mandile

11. What film would be used to locate a foreign body in the bucco-lingual relationship
Insufficient vertical angulation
#0
Occlucal
Mand occlusal

12. when taking a radiograph - you pulls the cone out about 6 inches from the patient's face. What is the result
50 mSv (5rem)
Excessive vertical angulation
Increase the area of radiation exposure
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark

13. When viewing a periapical radiograph - you notice that the image of the tooth is extremely long and well defined; However the apices are missing. What technique was used to take the radiograph? What caused the roots to appear long?
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Short
Insufficient vertical angulation
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away

14. What is the collimator made out of...
#0
CCD (direct) - CMOS (direct) - PSP (indirect)
Lead
No. 1

15. What is the most commonly used personnel monitoring devide for dental offices
Focal spot
Film badges
Tori
Occlusal

16. What does alara stand for
As low as reasonably achievable
KVp
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting
Rectangular collimation

17. How can exposure to the operator be reduced
Nasal fossa - max sinus
15 impulses
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
Move farther from the radiation

18. How are x-rays formed in the tubehead
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat

19. What is the main source of radiation exposure to the operator
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
Scatter/secondary radition
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
Blue tinted polyester acetate

20. How do you determine How often to take radiographs
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
Excessive vertical angulation
Evidence based selection criteria
Mand occlusal

21. What is the most important step in panoramic radiography
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
Patient positioning
Blue tinted polyester acetate
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers

22. In which area of the tooth is interproximal caries often seen
Parallel
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
5 mSv or .5 REM
Located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth

23. How often are BW taken on children with high risk
Every 6 mths
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
5(n-18)
Document patient's refusal and have them sign

24. What anatomical structures appear radiolucent on a dental radiograph
Evidence based selection criteria
Air space and soft tissues
B/c of its stability to produce a large volume of radiographs in a short amount of time
Before fixing

25. which projection is used to view sinuses
X-ray and heat
locate retained roots -locate unerrupted or impacted teeth -evaluate for diseases and lesions -locate foreign bodies -reveal presence of salivary stones (sialothiths) -aid in evaluating fractures -size and shape of tori -aid in examining patients wit
Highest of the 2 ridges - about the level of the cervical 3rd - behind the 2nd and 3rd molars
PANO

26. You notice on a PANO that the ant. teeth appear narrow and out of focus. What caused this
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough
#2
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects

27. What quality control procedures should be performed on xray cassettes
Mand. foramen
1/6th of a second
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks

28. How long is the final rinse
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight
Patient movement
20 min

29. What info should be recorded on the dental radiographic mount

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30. What is the max. permissable fose for radiation workers in systeme interventional units
50 mSv (5rem)
Higher kVp = low exposure
Zygoma will be radiopaque - max. sinus will be a large area of radiolucency
Air space and soft tissues

31. What Size film is used to take a BW on a 3 yr. old
Rectangular collimation
#0
Max. sinus - zygoma
50 mSv (5rem)

32. What is the annual MPD for pregnant dental assistant
Insufficient vertical angulation
CCD (direct) - CMOS (direct) - PSP (indirect)
50 mSv (5rem)
5 mSv or .5 REM

33. What is thermionic emission
Rapidly producing cells are more sensitive to radiation
Release of electrons when a material such as tungsten is heated to incandescence - electrons are boiled off from the cathode filament in the x-ray tube when electric current is passed through it
Mand occlusal
Faster film = lower definition and detail

34. How should x-ray film be stored
Insufficient vertical angulation
#2
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp

35. you use an exposure time of 10 impulses. How many seconds is this
Rectangular collimation and fast film speed
#0
1/6th of a second
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal

36. What projection would you take for a patient complaining of pain in the lower left molar area
15 impulses
Left molar PA
Increase the area of radiation exposure
Mandibular lateral/central

37. when duplicating radiographs - What side of the duplicating film is in contact with the radiograph to be duplicated
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Not centered on sensor
Before fixing
Rectangular collimations

38. How often must you replenish the solutions in an automatic processor
For every 30 films processed 6-8 oz should be taken out and replaced with fresh solution
Size of crystals - thickness of emulsion - radiosensitive dyes
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Soft tissue - air space

39. How does film speed correlate with definition and detail?
Air space and soft tissues
Short-term dose
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus
Faster film = lower definition and detail

40. your dentist recommends that a patient have xrays taken - bu the patient refuses. What should be done

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41. What radiographs are used to locate a salivary stone in the submandibular duct
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
Remove silver
Positioning the arches too far foward
Mandibular occlusal

42. which radiographic technique records the most accurate image of crowns - roots - and supporting structures in a selected area?
Periapical examination - paralleling technique
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
Every 4 weeks
Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver

43. What is the purpose of a pano
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Aluminum
Rectangular collimations

44. How many impulses are in .25 seconds
15 impulses
Before fixing
Shadow around the tooth
Film badges

45. How long does the first rinse last
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
20 seconds
Decrease kVp by 15 and double exposure time = 10 mA 60 impules 75 kVp
Central ray

46. When interpreting radiographs - you notice a radiopaque extension or spur off the proximal surface of #30. What do you think this is?
Filtration and collimation
The mental ridge
BW
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices

47. What is the purpose of the lead foil?
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks

48. What type of x-rays have greater penetrating power - long or short wavelength?
Short
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Central ray

49. What is the bremsstrahlung radiation
15 impulses
Insufficient vertical angulation
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms

50. What is the x-ray at the center of the primary beam called
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
15 impulses
Central ray
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)