Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. which projection is used to view sinuses
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
#1
PANO
Gray & Rad

2. What would cause a properly exposed film to appear dark?
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
Insufficient or improper washing
Overdevelopment -temp. too high -time too long -developer concentration too high -inadequate fixation -accidental exposure to light -improper safelighting

3. How is vertical angulation established with the paralleling technique
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
Mandibular lateral/central

4. What Size film is 2 1/4 x 3
No. 4
Blue light sensitive films
The mental ridge
Parallel

5. What is the purpose of the lead foil?
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
Filament

6. you change from an 8 inch to an 16 inch focal film distance. How is the intensity of the beam affected
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas
1/4 as intense

7. when viewing a duplicated radiograph - you notice that the duplicate is too dark. What should you do to duplicating time to lighten the film
Increase the exposure time
Faster film = lower definition and detail
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark

8. A properly exposed film appears completely black. when was is exposed to white light
Before fixing
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Insufficient vertical angulation
5 mSv or .5 REM

9. How long does film stay in the developer
After 2-3 min of fixing if needed
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance
#1
5 min

10. What should be done prior to ordering radiographs for a patient
6 ft
Reduce size and shape of beam
Clinical exam
Extra oral

11. when viewing a radiograph - the tooth looks normal in size and shape; However - there is a large blank space at the incisal edge and the apices are missing. What caused this error
The less the patient is exposed - the less the operator is exposed
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA
Lateral cephalometric

12. after processing exposed dental film - you notice dark spots on the film. What caused this
Not centered on sensor
Remove silver
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
Premature contact with developer

13. What periapical technique offers the best diagnostic quality?
Parallel
#2
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
Periapical

14. How often should an FMS be taken on an adult with no significant medical history
Take FMS on all new patients; recall adults with no sig. med. history only require BW and PA - if indicated
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Lighter image - patient exposed to larger beam which will increase exposure

15. What Size film is 15/16 x 1 9/16
#0
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
No. 1
Film badges

16. when duplicating radiographs - What side of the duplicating film is in contact with the radiograph to be duplicated
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
The mental ridge
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Evidence based selection criteria

17. What type of safelight filter is acceptable
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
7 1/2 or 15 watt
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
GBX - 2

18. which anatomic feature is visible on a PANO - bu not on a PA
Mand. foramen
Excessive vertical angulation
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density

19. What must a patient remove before taking a PANO
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Patient positioning
On the back side of the tori
68 degrees F

20. What type of projection is used to visualize the crestol alveolar bone on a patient with moderate to severe bone loss
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
Vertical BW
As close as possible
Premature contact w/ developing chemicals - Drops of developer or fixer that splash onto the work area and came in contact with the film.

21. How does exposure time differ b/w adults and children
.25 mm
max teeth are longer - max molars have 3 roots - mand molars have 2 roots - most roots curve toward the distal - occlusal plane is straight or curved slight towards distal
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
Cut exposure time by 1/3

22. What happens in the fixer
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
decrease mA & time
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals

23. What is the purpose of a pano
Gray & Rad
Increase the area of radiation exposure
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Shadow around the tooth

24. Mand premolar anatomy
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
Positioning the arches too far foward
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal

25. What 3 types of cells are most radiosensitive
Patient positioned too far to the left
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Quantum of energy
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance

26. Max. centrals anatomy
1/3-1/2
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
Excessive vertical angulation
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen

27. What is the purpose of taking radiographs of an edentulous patient
5 mSv or .5 REM
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
Patient's name - date - and other pertinent info

28. you use an exposure time of 10 impulses. How many seconds is this
Air space and soft tissues
Cancer - cateracts - embryologic defects - genetic mutations - low birth weight
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
1/6th of a second

29. when should radiographs be taken on a pregnant patient
Max arch ala-tragus parallel to floor - mand arch
Filters placed in PID after tubehead production
Air space and soft tissues
Only when necessary to help the dentist diagnose and treat oral diseases; elective xrays should be postponed until after delivery

30. What speed films are most commonly used?
Photostimuable Phosphor Plate aka storage phosphor system -indirect digital imaging -captures analog data then processed in a laser scanning device -light is then converted into electrical signal that the computer uses to create the digital image
D - E - F
Shadow around the tooth
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer

31. What is the major use of cross sectional occlusal radiograph
Patient positioned too far to the left
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
No. 2
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe

32. What is the max. permissable fose for radiation workers in systeme interventional units
No exposure to x-rays - electrical failure - malfunction of x-ray machine - or processing errors
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
50 mSv (5rem)

33. How do you differentiate b/w max and mand molar when mounting
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling
max molars have 3 roots - mand have 2 roots
Left side
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times

34. What can be done to minimize gagging when taking radiographs
#2
Evidence based selection criteria
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
Step-wedge or test film

35. How is vertical angulation established with the bisecting technique
Ionization
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
CCD (direct) - CMOS (direct) - PSP (indirect)
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film

36. What causes conecut
Overexposure -overdevelopment -developer is too strong -not enough fixation -exposure to white light -improper safelighting
Not centered on sensor
Coulombs/kilogram(C/kg) & Roentgen (R)
Copper stem - tungsten target - radiator

37. Your dentist asks you to take a FMS on a 65 yr old edentulous patient. How many exposures will you take? which exposures are not necessary? What intraoral technique will you use? What might be better than a FMS?
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat
Filtration and collimation
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS
locate retained roots -locate unerrupted or impacted teeth -evaluate for diseases and lesions -locate foreign bodies -reveal presence of salivary stones (sialothiths) -aid in evaluating fractures -size and shape of tori -aid in examining patients wit

38. How should the frequency of radiographic exposures be determined
Depends on the needs of the patient - established after intraoral exam
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
Excessive vertical angulation

39. According to principles of shadow casting - How should the central beam be directed
Mental foramen - mental ridge - mand canal
Perpendicular to the tooth and film
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
5 min

40. What is the source-skin distance of x-ray machine that operates at 75 kVp
Film badges
8-16 inches
Labial
2.5 mm

41. How often are BW taken on children with high risk
Not as sharp and detailed as the intraoral image
#0
Every 6 mths
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees

42. What is used to clean the screens inside of a cassestte
Soft cloth - non abrasive cleaner
Genetic cells
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
MRI

43. What is the x-ray at the center of the primary beam called
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
Left molar PA
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Central ray

44. Max molar anatomy
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Max sinus - zygoma - max tuberosity - coranoid process
D - E - F
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present

45. According to principles of shadow casting - preferred source-object distance
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
As far as practical
turn on machine -adjust settings -press exposure button -filament heats up/thermoionic emmision -electron cloud is formed -electrons flow from cathode to anode -electrons strike target -energy is converted into x-rays and heat

46. What anatomical structures appear radiolucent on a dental radiograph
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Sterilize film holder devices or discard disposable image receptor holding devices
Air space and soft tissues

47. What is inherent filtration
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Patient positioned too far foward in the focal trough
Remove silver
Tori

48. What is the optimum processing temp.
Excessive vertical angulation
Blue tinted polyester acetate
68 degrees F
Soft tissue - air space

49. How are indirect exposure films exposed
X-rays hit phosphor screen creating florescent light that exposes the film
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA
Provides more info. about the location of tori - impacted and malpositioned teeth and the calcification of soft tissues
Incorrect horrizontal angulation

50. What parts of the x-ray machine are included in the cathode circuit
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
Remove silver
bisecting was used b/c of the distortion of the elongated root - the roots appeared long b/c the vertical angulation was inadequate