Test your basic knowledge |

Radiology 2

Subjects : health-sciences, radiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the primary beam
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Cosmic - naturally occuring radiation from earth - radiation for radioactive materials
Higher kVp = low exposure
1/6th of a second

2. What anatomical structures appear radiopaque on a dental radiograph
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F
Enamel - dentin - and bone
Part that was fixed but not developed would be clear
Mand occlusal

3. 3 film holding devices used for bisecting
20 seconds
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA
Erythema
Doesn't matter

4. What is penumbra
Evidence based selection criteria
DEHNR
Shadow around the tooth
25

5. How does film speed correlate with definition and detail?
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS
Duplicate - which will go to the insurance comp.; office keeps best copy
Faster film = lower definition and detail
Every 4 weeks

6. What is characteristic radiation
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
Short
10 min (dbl the development time)
Dentsply rinn stabe - BAI - dental SUPA

7. What is the purpose of replenishing the developer solution
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -
#1 or #2 - placed so the edge of the receptor lines up behind the distal of the canine before the eruption of the permanent 2nd molar; - after the eruption of the perm. 2nd molar - 2 posterior PA's should be taken per quadrant
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA

8. What would cause a film to be too light
7 1/2 or 15 watt
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis
Panoramic cape
underexposure-underdevelopment -depleted developer solution -excessive fixation (takes all crystals off)

9. 1/10th dosage of gen. public - What are photons
Before fixing
Quantum of energy
As low as reasonably achievable
Method should be compensated for bisecting or paralleling

10. What does alara stand for
Cracking of the emulsion caused by excessive temp diff. b/w any darkroom solutions
nasal septum - ant. nasal spine - nasal fossa - median palatine suture - incisive foramen
Green light sensitive film (Kodak T-Mat)
As low as reasonably achievable

11. What projection would you take for a patient complaining of pain in the lower left molar area
Left molar PA
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
Panoramic cape
GBX - 2

12. your film badge report sHows that you have received a small amt. of radiation. What should you do
Gently agitating the hanger up and down a few times
No exposure - or fixer before developer
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
On the back side of the tori

13. What causes teeth to appear very short and distorted
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
Genetic cells
Increase the exposure time
Gelatin and silver halide crystals

14. What equation is used to calculate the accumulated MPD
Enamel - dentin - and bone
KVp
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
5(n-18)

15. What is the purpose of the lead foil?
Didn't push button completely
Erythema
Absorb scatter radiation and prevent fogging
GBX - 2

16. which radiographic technique records the most accurate image of crowns - roots - and supporting structures in a selected area?
The emulsion side of the film is placed against the orginal radiograph with the nonemulsion side up
Lead
bisecting - packet is as close to tooth as possible - but not parallel -parallel - packet is parallel to tooth - further away
Periapical examination - paralleling technique

17. What device is used to check quality of processing chemicals
Higher temp. increases film fog - so radiographer should consult a time-temp. development chart to adjust developing time appropriately; developing time will decrease
Step-wedge or test film
1/3-1/2
Top of film delineated by a straight line then dark

18. What type film is faster - intraoral or extraoral
Filament
Extra oral
Genetic cells
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms

19. What Size film is used to take a BW on a 3 yr. old
No. 2
Dark film is from over exposure and improper packet placement for strange looking teeth and not being able to determine What film is
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
#0

20. What is the main source of radiation exposure to the operator
Rectangular collimations
Ala-tragus line is parallel to the floor
Positioning the arches too far foward
Scatter/secondary radition

21. What 3 types of cells are most radiosensitive
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
WBC - RBC - immature reproductive cells
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp

22. What is the latent period
Maintain acidity & alkalinity & prevent oxidation -
Mand. foramen
Perpendicular to the film - parallel to the bite portion of the stabe
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms

23. desired thickness of lead apron
Blue light sensitive films
Focal spot size - target-image receptor distance - object-image receptor distance - motion - screen thickness - screen-film contact - and crystal/pixel size of intraoral image receptors
Check the processing chemical - particularly the developer
.25 mm

24. Size film used for PA's on adults
MA & time
#2
Clear/blue in the area of overlap b/c fixer will not remove all crystals
Images conditions of the teeth and supporting structures when a larger area than a PA is needed; provides more info. than a PA about the alveolar crest and apical areas

25. What are filters made out of...
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation
Aluminum
BW
Film badges

26. when viewing a radiograph - the tooth looks normal in size and shape; However - there is a large blank space at the incisal edge and the apices are missing. What caused this error
D - E - F
10 min (dbl the development time)
Large blank space is due to reversed image error or chemical contamination - missing apices is due to inadequate VA
Beam is perpendicular to the imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis and the film

27. What size and How is the film places when taking a molar PA in the mixed dentition

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28. when viewing a duplicated radiograph - you notice that the duplicate is too dark. What should you do to duplicating time to lighten the film
Increase the exposure time
A form of radiation originating from an atom following removal of an electron or excitation of an atom
All of the ant. teeth will appear blurred and narrowed in width
Max. sinus - zygoma

29. Mand lateral/canine anatomy
Periodically examining cassettes and intensifying screens; extra oral cassettes should be checked for warping and light leaks
Tori
GBX - 2
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms

30. In the darkroom - you unwrap a film and place a coin on top of the film for several minutes. when you process the film - you notice a slight - well-defined white circle on the film. What does this mean?
Occlucal
8-16 inches
Failed safelight test - suggesting that the safelight conditions in the darkroom are fogging the film
particulate radiation: made of protons - neutrons - electrons and alpha and beta particles; has mass -electromagnetic radiation: made of photons; no mass

31. When looking at radiographs that were taken several years ago - you notice a brownish stain which makes interpretation difficult. What caused this?
Insufficient or improper washing
The mental ridge
Cathode - filament - focusing cup
Absorb long wavelengths / soft radiation

32. What is the purpose of the embossed dot

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33. which dose of radiation is more biologically damaging
Time b/w exposure and 1st clinically observable symptoms
Chronic low-level exposures/long term dose; causing cancer - cataracts - low birth weight - genetic mutations - and embryological defects
MRI
Nerve - brain - muscle

34. total filtration required of x-ray machines that operate above 70 kVp
2.5 mm
Mand. foramen
Stop taking xrays and evaluate all equipment and techniques to ensure safety
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers

35. What is secondary radiation
Film placed backwards
X-rays that have gone thru an object and are now a newer weaker beam
Image the entire dentition - surrounding alveolar bone - sinuses - and the TMJ - examine large area of face and jaws - locate impacted teeth - retain root tips - evaluate trauma - lesions - and diseases - and assess growth and development
Density

36. What causes overlapping
Incorrect horrizontal angulation
Increase the exposure time
Invisible image (remains like this until film is processed)
Insufficient or improper washing

37. What film is used to diagnose interproximal decay
BW
Genial tubercles - lingual foramen
MRI
Soft tissue - air space

38. How far should the operator stand from the source of radiation
6 ft
Original - undeflected - useful beam
Blank or clear (takes all of the crystals off)
5 mSv or .5 REM

39. when viewing a molar BW - What should be on the distal of the film
The most distal tooth should be captured in full as well as a few mm of bone level behind the most distal tooth
Mand canal - external oblique ridge - beg. of ramus
Enamel - dentin - and bone
Higher kVp = low exposure

40. What info should be recorded on the dental radiographic mount

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41. What are occlusal radiographs used to diagnose
locate retained roots -locate unerrupted or impacted teeth -evaluate for diseases and lesions -locate foreign bodies -reveal presence of salivary stones (sialothiths) -aid in evaluating fractures -size and shape of tori -aid in examining patients wit
Negative
Insufficient or improper washing
Increased focal spot size - decrease source-object distance - & increased object-film distance

42. What causes film fogging
Premature contact with developer
Old or contaminated processing solutions -exposure to chemical fumes -faulty safelight -scatter radiation
detect pathological lesions -establish position of mental foramen -establish position of mand canal -determine quality & quantity of alveolar bone present
Aluminum

43. What is the most likely cause of a film with very poor definition
Patient positioned too far to the left
Patient movement
take 14 radiographs -omit the BW -paralleling should be technique of choice -panoramic might be better than FMS
Reg. replenishment and changing out expired solutiong with fresh chemicals at reg. intervals; monitor strength of chemicals on a daily basis

44. What is the earliest sign of radiation exposure
Produced by internal barriers in tube head (ex: glass and insulating oils)
Reduce size and shape of beam
Direct - directly obtaining a digital image by exposing intraoral sensor to x-rays to provide an image that can be viewed on a computer - indirect - photostimuable phosphor plate sensor technology - obtaining a digital image in which an exposed phosp
Erythema

45. How long is the final rinse
Paralleling; meets more principles of shadow casting
Lead
Do not suggest gagging - emphasize - use power of suggestions - apply distractiong techniques - give patient breathing instructions - reduce tactile stimuli - being exposures in the ant. region - place image receptor firmly and expertly - confuse the
20 min

46. you process four BW films. three of the films appear normal - but one is clear. What happened

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47. How long does film stay in the developer
The wave length will be shorter - the quality and energy of the beam will be higher and the contrast will be lowe. - the image will also have a higher density
5(n-18)
Aka general radiation; stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the target atoms
5 min

48. How should x-ray film be stored
1/5 exposure time for edentulous
5(n-18)
Oral piercings - earings - glasses - necklaces - facial piercings - hair pins - hearing aids - dentures - and retainers
Original packaging -area sheilded from radiation -50-70 degrees F

49. What should be done prior to ordering radiographs for a patient
Excessive VA w/ PID positioned too steep enough away from zero degrees
Clinical exam
Premature contact with developer
White blood cells - red blood cells - immature reproductive cells - epithelial cells - connective tissue cells - bone cells - nerve cells - brain cells - muscle cells

50. Max premolar anatomy
The mental ridge
Max. sinus - zygoma
Dentsply rinn - XCP - XCP-DS - flow dental RAPD
Labial