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Test your basic knowledge |
Radiology 3
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
radiology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Located at the midline of anterior portion of hard palate behind maxillary central incisors; round radiolucency between roots of centrals
Hamulus
Long-term effects
Tuberosity
Incisive (Nasopalatine) Foramen
2. Mature bone - muscle - nerve
Nutrient Canals
Rad (Radiation absorbed dose)
Radioresistant cells
Inherent filtration
3. Hollow space - cavity that appears radiolucent
Added filtration
Inherent filtration
Sinus
Alveolar Crest
4. A form of secondary radiation - the result of x-rays that has been deflected from its path by an interaction with matter.
Rem (Roentgen equivalent (in) man)
Nutrient Canals
Step-Up Transformer
Scatter Radiation
5. Mostly seen in mandibular nerve/blood supply vertical radiolucent lines
Maxillary sinus
Nutrient Canals
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Lingual Foramen
6. An x-ray photon that has its path altered by matter.
Coherent Scatter
Lamina Dura
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Direct Injury
7. Reproductive (ova - sperm). Effects are passed on to generations. Genetic damage cannot be repaired
Floor of Nasal Cavity
Genial Tubercles
External Oblique Ridge
Genetic cells
8. Produced when a high-speed electron dislodges an inner-shell electron from a tungsten atom and causes ionization of that atom. Occurs only at 70 kVp and above.
Septum
Roentgen
Long-term effects
Characteristic Radiation
9. Located above maxillary premolar/molar teeth - border is made up of cortical bone; sinus cavity is radiolucent compartment
Maxillary sinus
Mylohyoid Ridge
Direct Injury
Nutrient Canals
10. Anterior ramus of mandible; attachment for muscle of mastication; superimposed around maxillary tuberosity.
Septa within maxillary sinus
Zygoma
Coronoid Process
Suture
11. 68 Degrees F
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Collimation
Mandibular Canal
The optimum temperature for manual processing?
12. Restricts size and shape of beam to lower patient exposure - Round: cone shaped beam-2.75 inches in diameter - Rectangular: Rectangular beam slightly larger than size 2 film- lowers patient exposure
Compton Scatter
External Oblique Ridge
Collimation
Radioresistant cells
13. The measurement of the number of electrons moving through a conductor. Measured in amperes (A) or milliamperes (mA)
Median palatine suture
Amperage
Long-term effects
Submandibular Fossa
14. Superior to internal oblique ridge; anterior border of ramus ends in external oblique ridge; radiopaque band
General Radiation
External Oblique Ridge
Scatter Radiation
Zygoma
15. Effects seen years - decades - or generations later
Spine
Mylohyoid Ridge
Long-term effects
Body of Mandible
16. Coulombs per kilogram
Mylohyoid Ridge
General Radiation
Roentgen
Secondary Radiation
17. Hole in bone below mandibular premolars - blood supply to lower lip exits here; radiolucent; often misdiagnosed for periapical pathology
Mental Foramen
Nutrient Canals
Milliamperage adjustment
General Radiation
18. Occurs very little; most photons pass through cell with little or no damage
Somatic cells
The optimum temperature for manual processing?
Direct Injury
Superior Foramina of incisive canal
19. Rate which exposure to radiation occurs and absorption occurs (more damage occurs with high dose due to rapid delivery and does not allow for repair)
Dose Rate
Total dose
Superior Foramina of incisive canal
Amperage
20. Occurs frequently due to the high concentration of water in cells.
Median palatine suture
Developer Solution
Indirect injury
Lateral Fossa
21. 8 inch and 16 inch; longer are preferred due to less divergence of beam - open ended and lead lined.
Rectangular and round PID
Stochastic effects
Nasal Cavity/Fossa
Nutrient Canals
22. The measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive one. Measured in volts (V) or kilovolts (kV)
Long-term effects
Voltage
Mylohyoid Ridge
Ramus
23. Time between exposure to ionizing radiation and the appearance of observable clinical signs.
Body of Mandible
Latent Period
External Oblique Ridge
Process
24. Posterior to mandibular third molar
Short-term effects
Ramus
Spine
Cell sensitivity
25. Intersection of maxillary sinus and nasal cavity - radiopaque - cortical bone; above maxillary canine.
Stochastic effects
Indirect injury
Fossa
Inverted Y
26. Marked prominence that appears radiopaque.
Somatic cells
Process
Amperage
Internal Oblique Ridge
27. Cell damage occurs through formation of 'free radicals'. Free radicals are formed when an x-ray photon ionizes water.
The conditions required for the darkroom
Cancellous
Free Radical Formation
Long-term effects
28. Bump or nodule that appears radiopaque
Ridge
Nasal Cavity/Fossa
Tubercle
Scatter Radiation
29. Cortical bone; J or U shaped radiopacity
Inherent filtration
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Radiosensitive cells
Canal
30. Dental x-ray machines operating 70 kVp or below: minimum 1.5 mm aluminum filtration - Dental x-ray machines operating above 70 kVp: minimum of 2.5 mm. of aluminum filtration.
Free Radical Formation
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Inverted Y
Total (inherent + added) filtration
31. Primary beam passes through glass window - insulating oil - tubehead seal. 0.5 to 1.0 mm of aluminum
Inherent filtration
Scatter Radiation
Tuberosity
Maxillary sinus
32. 'hooklike' - posterior to maxillary tuberosity; extension of medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone; radiopaque
Radiosensitive cells
Total (inherent + added) filtration
Hamulus
Free Radical Formation
33. A direct function of the dose. No dose threshold; effects do not depend on the magnitude of the absorbed dose (Examples: cancer and genetic mutations)
Canal
Inverted Y
Stochastic effects
Nonthreshold dose-response curve
34. Sievart
Indirect injury
Rem (Roentgen equivalent (in) man)
Total dose
Short-term effects
35. Opening/hole in bone that allows the passage of blood vessels/nerves and appears radiolucent
Foramen
Body of Mandible
Latent Period
Septum
36. Depression of bone; submandibular salivary gland found here; radiolucent; below mylohyoid ridge
Rem (Roentgen equivalent (in) man)
Nasal Cavity/Fossa
Amperage
Submandibular Fossa
37. Between canine and lateral incisor - depression is not always visible - radiolucent
Lateral Fossa
Nonstochastic (deterministic) effects
Conical PID
Total dose
38. Produced when an electron hits the nucleus of a tungsten atom or passes very close to the nucleus of a tungsten atom.
Conical PID
Density
Submandibular Fossa
General Radiation
39. Surrounded by genial tubercle - hole in bone near mandibular midline - radiolucent
Lingual Foramen
Kilovoltage peak adjustment
Mandibular Canal
Developer Solution
40. Darkness or blackness on film. If kVp is increased film will be darker. If decreased - film will be lighter
Spine
Superior Foramina of incisive canal
Density
Long-term effects
41. Suggest that no matter how small the amount of radiation received - some biologic damage occurs.
Collimation
Nonthreshold dose-response curve
Direct Injury
Stochastic effects
42. Bony wall that divides 2 spaces - radiopaque
Ramus
Septum
Tuberosity
Collimation
43. Bony prominence posterior to maxillary third molar; radiopaque
Maxillary Tuberosity
Septum
Added filtration
Coronoid Process
44. 'Cheekbone'; cortical bone; radiopaque band extending from zygomatic process.
Amount of tissue irradiated
Spine
Sinus
Zygoma
45. Aluminum disks between collimator and tubehead seal. Aluminum disks filter long wavelength - low energy x-rays from x-ray beam. 0.5 mm increments
Genetic cells
Added filtration
Total (inherent + added) filtration
Canal
46. Somatic effects that have a threshold; effects increase in severity with increasing absorbed dose. (Examples: Erythema - loss of hair - cataracts - and decreased fertility)
Nonstochastic (deterministic) effects
Body of Mandible
Inverted Y
Scatter Radiation
47. The penetrating x-ray beam that is produced at the target of the anode
Long-term effects
Amount of tissue irradiated
Rad (Radiation absorbed dose)
Primary Radiation
48. Within maxillary sinus; acts as a division - radiopaque lines sometimes not visible
Septa within maxillary sinus
Canal
Lamina Dura
Primary Radiation
49. Reduces exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver a makes dark/black areas on film; unexposed silver halide crystals are unaffected by developer
Mental Foramen
Periodontal Ligament Space
Density
Developer Solution
50. Coronal part of alveolar bone - between teeth - cortical bone - radiopaque
Indirect injury
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Alveolar Crest
Nutrient Canals
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