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Test your basic knowledge |
Radiology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
radiology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sharper of dark and light areas and how they are separated on film. Low kVp results in high contrast (many white and black areas - very little gray). Useful when diagnosing decay. High kVp results in low contrast (many shades of grade) Useful for per
Contrast
Nutrient Canals
Nutrient Canals
Stochastic effects
2. Pear shaped compartment - appears above maxillary incisors. Appears as a large radiolucent area above the maxilla.
Nasal Cavity/Fossa
Internal Oblique Ridge
Conical PID
Alveolar Crest
3. All cells except reproductive; effects are seen in person irradiated
Anterior Nasal Spine
Somatic cells
Zygoma
Tuberosity
4. 'Cortex'-> dense - outer layer; also called compact bone-appears radiopaque on film
Maxillary Tuberosity
Coherent Scatter
Cortical Bone
Characteristic Radiation
5. V-shaped radiopacity at intersection of floor of nasal cavity and septum
Indirect injury
Ramus
Hamulus
Anterior Nasal Spine
6. Bump or nodule that appears radiopaque
Tubercle
Voltage
Superior Foramina of incisive canal
Sinus
7. Two small openings (radiolucent) found on floor of nasal cavity->common exit is incisive foramen
Septum
Scatter Radiation
Superior Foramina of incisive canal
Radiosensitive cells
8. 'hooklike' - posterior to maxillary tuberosity; extension of medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone; radiopaque
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Direct Injury
Hamulus
Kilovoltage peak adjustment
9. Mostly seen in mandibular nerve/blood supply vertical radiolucent lines
Periodontal Ligament Space
Process
Nutrient Canals
Secondary Radiation
10. Encases/supports teeth
Somatic cells
Total (inherent + added) filtration
Contrast
Alveolar Process
11. An x-ray photon that has its path altered by matter.
Coherent Scatter
Short-term effects
Foramen
Nonthreshold dose-response curve
12. Produced when an electron hits the nucleus of a tungsten atom or passes very close to the nucleus of a tungsten atom.
Internal Oblique Ridge
Nutrient Canals
General Radiation
Inverted Y
13. Restricts size and shape of beam to lower patient exposure - Round: cone shaped beam-2.75 inches in diameter - Rectangular: Rectangular beam slightly larger than size 2 film- lowers patient exposure
Inverted Y
Collimation
Scatter Radiation
Alveolar Process
14. Coulombs per kilogram
Roentgen
Genial Tubercles
Maxillary sinus
Milliamperage adjustment
15. Extends from alveolar bone between maxillary centrals to posterior hard palate; seen as a radiolucent line
Lamina Dura
Median palatine suture
Mandibular Canal
Added filtration
16. Posterior to mandibular third molar
Ramus
Primary Radiation
Floor of Nasal Cavity
Compton Scatter
17. Removes unexposed silver halide crystals and creates white/clear areas on film; black metallic silver remains on film.
Anterior Nasal Spine
Submandibular Fossa
Fixer Solution
Step-Up Transformer
18. Opening/hole in bone that allows the passage of blood vessels/nerves and appears radiolucent
Dose Rate
Lamina Dura
Foramen
Added filtration
19. Aluminum disks between collimator and tubehead seal. Aluminum disks filter long wavelength - low energy x-rays from x-ray beam. 0.5 mm increments
Added filtration
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Conical PID
Ridge
20. Tubes within maxillary sinus that carry nerves - blood supply - radiolucent band with boundary of two radiopaque cortical bony lines
Rad (Radiation absorbed dose)
Mylohyoid Ridge
Nonstochastic (deterministic) effects
Nutrient Canals
21. Rate which exposure to radiation occurs and absorption occurs (more damage occurs with high dose due to rapid delivery and does not allow for repair)
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Dose Rate
Inverted Y
Total dose
22. 16-20 square feet (at least 4x4) - Light tight - Safelight must be at least 4 feet from the working area
Body of Mandible
General Radiation
The conditions required for the darkroom
Radioresistant cells
23. Suggest that no matter how small the amount of radiation received - some biologic damage occurs.
Genial Tubercles
Nonthreshold dose-response curve
Tuberosity
Anterior Nasal Spine
24. Bony wall that divides 2 spaces - radiopaque
External Oblique Ridge
Total dose
Septum
Foramen
25. Darkness or blackness on film. If kVp is increased film will be darker. If decreased - film will be lighter
Density
Cortical Bone
Alveolar Process
Tubercle
26. Cell damage occurs through formation of 'free radicals'. Free radicals are formed when an x-ray photon ionizes water.
Dose Rate
Free Radical Formation
Step-Up Transformer
Periodontal Ligament Space
27. The measurement of the number of electrons moving through a conductor. Measured in amperes (A) or milliamperes (mA)
Suture
Amperage
Step-Down Transformer
Mandibular Canal
28. Occurs very little; most photons pass through cell with little or no damage
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Direct Injury
Hamulus
Internal Oblique Ridge
29. A direct function of the dose. No dose threshold; effects do not depend on the magnitude of the absorbed dose (Examples: cancer and genetic mutations)
Collimation
Septum
Stochastic effects
Foramen
30. Hole in bone below mandibular premolars - blood supply to lower lip exits here; radiolucent; often misdiagnosed for periapical pathology
Mental Foramen
Collimation
Rad (Radiation absorbed dose)
Short-term effects
31. 68 Degrees F
The optimum temperature for manual processing?
Long-term effects
Developer Solution
Primary Radiation
32. The measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive one. Measured in volts (V) or kilovolts (kV)
Free Radical Formation
Process
Voltage
Lamina Dura
33. Reproductive (ova - sperm). Effects are passed on to generations. Genetic damage cannot be repaired
Lamina Dura
Genetic cells
Cancellous
Total (inherent + added) filtration
34. Primary beam passes through glass window - insulating oil - tubehead seal. 0.5 to 1.0 mm of aluminum
Characteristic Radiation
Alveolar Crest
Long-term effects
Inherent filtration
35. Thin - curved areas of bone - radiopacities within nasal cavity and septum
Indirect injury
Foramen
Free Radical Formation
Inferior Nasal Conchae
36. Located at the midline of anterior portion of hard palate behind maxillary central incisors; round radiolucency between roots of centrals
The conditions required for the darkroom
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Incisive (Nasopalatine) Foramen
Nonthreshold dose-response curve
37. Internal ridge of mandible muscle attachment - continuous with internal oblique ridge; radiopaque line
Characteristic Radiation
Mylohyoid Ridge
Body of Mandible
Submandibular Fossa
38. Quantity of radiation received or total amount absorbed (more damage with tissue absorbing large quantities of radiation)
Amount of tissue irradiated
Step-Up Transformer
Total dose
Tubercle
39. Closed - pointed cone-high production of scatter - not used any longer.
Long-term effects
Added filtration
Somatic cells
Conical PID
40. Linear prominence that appears radiopaque.
Secondary Radiation
Ridge
Mylohyoid Ridge
Voltage
41. Between canine and lateral incisor - depression is not always visible - radiolucent
General Radiation
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Cortical Bone
Lateral Fossa
42. Bony prominence posterior to maxillary third molar; radiopaque
Genetic cells
Characteristic Radiation
Inverted Y
Maxillary Tuberosity
43. Sharp - thornlike projection that appears radiopaque.
Mandibular Canal
Inverted Y
Coherent Scatter
Spine
44. A form of secondary radiation - the result of x-rays that has been deflected from its path by an interaction with matter.
Lateral Fossa
Developer Solution
Contrast
Scatter Radiation
45. 'Arranged like a lattice'->soft - spongy bone located between 2 layers of cortical bone; spaces are trabeculae that are filled with bone marrow.
Nasal Cavity/Fossa
Coherent Scatter
Developer Solution
Cancellous
46. Depression of bone; submandibular salivary gland found here; radiolucent; below mylohyoid ridge
Spine
Submandibular Fossa
Amount of tissue irradiated
Suture
47. Space between root and the lamina dura - thin - radiolucent line - healthy PDL is uniform thickness
Cancellous
Fixer Solution
Periodontal Ligament Space
Foramen
48. Used to decrease voltage from the incoming 110- or 220-line voltage to the 3 to 5 volts used by the filament circuit.
External Oblique Ridge
Indirect injury
Step-Down Transformer
Maxillary sinus
49. Small lymphocyte - bone marrow - reproductive cells - immature bone
Radiosensitive cells
The conditions required for the darkroom
Compton Scatter
General Radiation
50. Located above maxillary premolar/molar teeth - border is made up of cortical bone; sinus cavity is radiolucent compartment
Maxillary sinus
Compton Scatter
Kilovoltage peak adjustment
Dose Rate