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Test your basic knowledge |
Radiology 3
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
radiology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Within maxillary sinus; acts as a division - radiopaque lines sometimes not visible
Mylohyoid Ridge
Milliamperage adjustment
Genial Tubercles
Septa within maxillary sinus
2. Used to decrease voltage from the incoming 110- or 220-line voltage to the 3 to 5 volts used by the filament circuit.
Direct Injury
Inverted Y
Mandibular Canal
Step-Down Transformer
3. Between canine and lateral incisor - depression is not always visible - radiolucent
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Lateral Fossa
Coherent Scatter
Characteristic Radiation
4. Sharper of dark and light areas and how they are separated on film. Low kVp results in high contrast (many white and black areas - very little gray). Useful when diagnosing decay. High kVp results in low contrast (many shades of grade) Useful for per
General Radiation
Inverted Y
Contrast
Stochastic effects
5. Continues from ramus; radiopaque band
Mental Foramen
Zygoma
Foramen
Internal Oblique Ridge
6. Occurs frequently due to the high concentration of water in cells.
Indirect injury
Alveolar Process
Conical PID
Canal
7. Used to increase incoming voltage to 65 -000 to 100 -000 volts used by the high-voltage circuit.
Lateral Fossa
Body of Mandible
Step-Up Transformer
Nutrient Canals
8. Mature bone - muscle - nerve
Radioresistant cells
Septa within maxillary sinus
Process
Inherent filtration
9. 'Cortex'-> dense - outer layer; also called compact bone-appears radiopaque on film
Indirect injury
Ramus
Hamulus
Cortical Bone
10. Quantity of radiation received or total amount absorbed (more damage with tissue absorbing large quantities of radiation)
Total dose
Roentgen
Mylohyoid Ridge
Foramen
11. Cell damage occurs through formation of 'free radicals'. Free radicals are formed when an x-ray photon ionizes water.
Latent Period
Contrast
Free Radical Formation
Primary Radiation
12. A direct function of the dose. No dose threshold; effects do not depend on the magnitude of the absorbed dose (Examples: cancer and genetic mutations)
Stochastic effects
Secondary Radiation
Mylohyoid Ridge
Tubercle
13. Somatic effects that have a threshold; effects increase in severity with increasing absorbed dose. (Examples: Erythema - loss of hair - cataracts - and decreased fertility)
Nutrient Canals
Nonstochastic (deterministic) effects
The conditions required for the darkroom
Kilovoltage peak adjustment
14. All cells except reproductive; effects are seen in person irradiated
Maxillary Tuberosity
Somatic cells
Submandibular Fossa
Inferior Nasal Conchae
15. Scooped out of depressed area of bone that appears radiolucent
Fossa
The conditions required for the darkroom
Incisive (Nasopalatine) Foramen
Alveolar Process
16. Dental x-ray machines operating 70 kVp or below: minimum 1.5 mm aluminum filtration - Dental x-ray machines operating above 70 kVp: minimum of 2.5 mm. of aluminum filtration.
Density
General Radiation
Hamulus
Total (inherent + added) filtration
17. Depression of bone; submandibular salivary gland found here; radiolucent; below mylohyoid ridge
Fixer Solution
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Sinus
Submandibular Fossa
18. Restricts size and shape of beam to lower patient exposure - Round: cone shaped beam-2.75 inches in diameter - Rectangular: Rectangular beam slightly larger than size 2 film- lowers patient exposure
Alveolar Process
Fossa
Collimation
Median palatine suture
19. Extends from alveolar bone between maxillary centrals to posterior hard palate; seen as a radiolucent line
Nutrient Canals
Submandibular Fossa
Median palatine suture
Density
20. Posterior to mandibular third molar
Scatter Radiation
Nonthreshold dose-response curve
Ramus
Characteristic Radiation
21. Bump or nodule that appears radiopaque
Fixer Solution
Spine
Genial Tubercles
Tubercle
22. Can increase or decrease the number of electrons passing through the cathode filament
Floor of Nasal Cavity
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Milliamperage adjustment
Developer Solution
23. Hole in bone below mandibular premolars - blood supply to lower lip exits here; radiolucent; often misdiagnosed for periapical pathology
Rad (Radiation absorbed dose)
Latent Period
Mental Foramen
Indirect injury
24. 68 Degrees F
Periodontal Ligament Space
Maxillary sinus
Total dose
The optimum temperature for manual processing?
25. Time between exposure to ionizing radiation and the appearance of observable clinical signs.
Latent Period
Maxillary sinus
Indirect injury
Short-term effects
26. Produced when an electron hits the nucleus of a tungsten atom or passes very close to the nucleus of a tungsten atom.
Inferior Nasal Conchae
General Radiation
The optimum temperature for manual processing?
Floor of Nasal Cavity
27. Produced when a high-speed electron dislodges an inner-shell electron from a tungsten atom and causes ionization of that atom. Occurs only at 70 kVp and above.
Mental Foramen
Suture
Characteristic Radiation
Conical PID
28. 'Arranged like a lattice'->soft - spongy bone located between 2 layers of cortical bone; spaces are trabeculae that are filled with bone marrow.
Cancellous
Long-term effects
Cortical Bone
Median palatine suture
29. Reduces exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver a makes dark/black areas on film; unexposed silver halide crystals are unaffected by developer
Characteristic Radiation
Free Radical Formation
Developer Solution
Nasal Cavity/Fossa
30. Marked prominence that appears radiopaque.
Process
Nutrient Canals
Total dose
Cell sensitivity
31. The measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive one. Measured in volts (V) or kilovolts (kV)
Nonthreshold dose-response curve
Anterior Nasal Spine
Coronoid Process
Voltage
32. Encases/supports teeth
Stochastic effects
Coronoid Process
Tuberosity
Alveolar Process
33. Can control the current passing from the cathode to the anode.
Median palatine suture
Rad (Radiation absorbed dose)
Kilovoltage peak adjustment
Floor of Nasal Cavity
34. 8 inch and 16 inch; longer are preferred due to less divergence of beam - open ended and lead lined.
Rectangular and round PID
Amperage
Direct Injury
Short-term effects
35. X-radiation created when the primary beam interacts with a matter
Secondary Radiation
Incisive (Nasopalatine) Foramen
Nasal Cavity/Fossa
Amount of tissue irradiated
36. Sievart
Zygoma
Developer Solution
Rem (Roentgen equivalent (in) man)
Anterior Nasal Spine
37. Primary beam passes through glass window - insulating oil - tubehead seal. 0.5 to 1.0 mm of aluminum
Inherent filtration
Characteristic Radiation
Cortical Bone
Lamina Dura
38. U-shaped portion extending from ramus to ramus
Body of Mandible
Indirect injury
Incisive (Nasopalatine) Foramen
Direct Injury
39. Located at the midline of anterior portion of hard palate behind maxillary central incisors; round radiolucency between roots of centrals
Canal
Direct Injury
General Radiation
Incisive (Nasopalatine) Foramen
40. Anterior ramus of mandible; attachment for muscle of mastication; superimposed around maxillary tuberosity.
Periodontal Ligament Space
Coronoid Process
Radiosensitive cells
Fixer Solution
41. Superior to internal oblique ridge; anterior border of ramus ends in external oblique ridge; radiopaque band
External Oblique Ridge
Developer Solution
Nasal Cavity/Fossa
Median palatine suture
42. Cortical bone; J or U shaped radiopacity
Total (inherent + added) filtration
Nutrient Canals
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Free Radical Formation
43. Occurs very little; most photons pass through cell with little or no damage
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Long-term effects
Scatter Radiation
Direct Injury
44. More damage can occur in younger or rapidly dividing cells
Cell sensitivity
Rectangular and round PID
Hamulus
Lingual Foramen
45. Intersection of maxillary sinus and nasal cavity - radiopaque - cortical bone; above maxillary canine.
Alveolar Process
Periodontal Ligament Space
Fossa
Inverted Y
46. The x-ray photon is deflected from its path during its passage through matter
Nonstochastic (deterministic) effects
Ridge
Compton Scatter
General Radiation
47. Rounded prominence that appears radiopaque
Coronoid Process
Lateral Fossa
Tuberosity
Cell sensitivity
48. Bump of bone - muscle attachment; lingual aspect of mandible - 'ring shaped' radiopacitiy below mandibular incisors.
Genial Tubercles
Nutrient Canals
Maxillary Tuberosity
Inherent filtration
49. Pear shaped compartment - appears above maxillary incisors. Appears as a large radiolucent area above the maxilla.
Nasal Cavity/Fossa
Developer Solution
Genetic cells
Alveolar Crest
50. Internal ridge of mandible muscle attachment - continuous with internal oblique ridge; radiopaque line
Genial Tubercles
Foramen
Mylohyoid Ridge
Developer Solution
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