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Radiology 3

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A direct function of the dose. No dose threshold; effects do not depend on the magnitude of the absorbed dose (Examples: cancer and genetic mutations)






2. A form of secondary radiation - the result of x-rays that has been deflected from its path by an interaction with matter.






3. The measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive one. Measured in volts (V) or kilovolts (kV)






4. Aluminum disks between collimator and tubehead seal. Aluminum disks filter long wavelength - low energy x-rays from x-ray beam. 0.5 mm increments






5. Occurs frequently due to the high concentration of water in cells.






6. Bump or nodule that appears radiopaque






7. Thin - curved areas of bone - radiopacities within nasal cavity and septum






8. V-shaped radiopacity at intersection of floor of nasal cavity and septum






9. The penetrating x-ray beam that is produced at the target of the anode






10. Tube that travels length of mandible - radiolucent; has cortical walls - houses inferior alveolar nerve






11. Occurs very little; most photons pass through cell with little or no damage






12. 'Cheekbone'; cortical bone; radiopaque band extending from zygomatic process.






13. Bump of bone - muscle attachment; lingual aspect of mandible - 'ring shaped' radiopacitiy below mandibular incisors.






14. Hole in bone below mandibular premolars - blood supply to lower lip exits here; radiolucent; often misdiagnosed for periapical pathology






15. Superior to internal oblique ridge; anterior border of ramus ends in external oblique ridge; radiopaque band






16. Anterior ramus of mandible; attachment for muscle of mastication; superimposed around maxillary tuberosity.






17. Located above maxillary premolar/molar teeth - border is made up of cortical bone; sinus cavity is radiolucent compartment






18. Used to decrease voltage from the incoming 110- or 220-line voltage to the 3 to 5 volts used by the filament circuit.






19. Bony prominence posterior to maxillary third molar; radiopaque






20. An x-ray photon that has its path altered by matter.






21. Rounded prominence that appears radiopaque






22. Quantity of radiation received or total amount absorbed (more damage with tissue absorbing large quantities of radiation)






23. Area of body exposed total body produced more adverse effects






24. 'Cortex'-> dense - outer layer; also called compact bone-appears radiopaque on film






25. Can increase or decrease the number of electrons passing through the cathode filament






26. 68 Degrees F






27. Internal ridge of mandible muscle attachment - continuous with internal oblique ridge; radiopaque line






28. Pear shaped compartment - appears above maxillary incisors. Appears as a large radiolucent area above the maxilla.






29. Encases/supports teeth






30. Sharp - thornlike projection that appears radiopaque.






31. Two small openings (radiolucent) found on floor of nasal cavity->common exit is incisive foramen






32. Can control the current passing from the cathode to the anode.






33. Space between root and the lamina dura - thin - radiolucent line - healthy PDL is uniform thickness






34. Restricts size and shape of beam to lower patient exposure - Round: cone shaped beam-2.75 inches in diameter - Rectangular: Rectangular beam slightly larger than size 2 film- lowers patient exposure






35. Reduces exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver a makes dark/black areas on film; unexposed silver halide crystals are unaffected by developer






36. Closed - pointed cone-high production of scatter - not used any longer.






37. The x-ray photon is deflected from its path during its passage through matter






38. 'hooklike' - posterior to maxillary tuberosity; extension of medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone; radiopaque






39. Tubes within maxillary sinus that carry nerves - blood supply - radiolucent band with boundary of two radiopaque cortical bony lines






40. More damage can occur in younger or rapidly dividing cells






41. A line of union between adjoining bones - found only in skull; appears as radiolucent line






42. Bony wall that divides 2 spaces - radiopaque






43. Somatic effects that have a threshold; effects increase in severity with increasing absorbed dose. (Examples: Erythema - loss of hair - cataracts - and decreased fertility)






44. Intersection of maxillary sinus and nasal cavity - radiopaque - cortical bone; above maxillary canine.






45. Mostly seen in mandibular nerve/blood supply vertical radiolucent lines






46. Marked prominence that appears radiopaque.






47. Effects seen years - decades - or generations later






48. Time between exposure to ionizing radiation and the appearance of observable clinical signs.






49. Linear prominence that appears radiopaque.






50. Produced when a high-speed electron dislodges an inner-shell electron from a tungsten atom and causes ionization of that atom. Occurs only at 70 kVp and above.







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