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Test your basic knowledge |
Radiology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
radiology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cell damage occurs through formation of 'free radicals'. Free radicals are formed when an x-ray photon ionizes water.
Added filtration
Free Radical Formation
Incisive (Nasopalatine) Foramen
Dose Rate
2. The penetrating x-ray beam that is produced at the target of the anode
Primary Radiation
Septa within maxillary sinus
Lateral Fossa
Somatic cells
3. Reproductive (ova - sperm). Effects are passed on to generations. Genetic damage cannot be repaired
Alveolar Process
Genetic cells
Step-Down Transformer
Conical PID
4. Coulombs per kilogram
Coronoid Process
Roentgen
Long-term effects
Floor of Nasal Cavity
5. Quantity of radiation received or total amount absorbed (more damage with tissue absorbing large quantities of radiation)
Primary Radiation
Amperage
Septa within maxillary sinus
Total dose
6. Closed - pointed cone-high production of scatter - not used any longer.
Conical PID
Rectangular and round PID
Density
Process
7. Used to increase incoming voltage to 65 -000 to 100 -000 volts used by the high-voltage circuit.
Maxillary Tuberosity
Submandibular Fossa
Floor of Nasal Cavity
Step-Up Transformer
8. Produced when a high-speed electron dislodges an inner-shell electron from a tungsten atom and causes ionization of that atom. Occurs only at 70 kVp and above.
Characteristic Radiation
The optimum temperature for manual processing?
Hamulus
Anterior Nasal Spine
9. Between canine and lateral incisor - depression is not always visible - radiolucent
Milliamperage adjustment
Somatic cells
Lateral Fossa
Cell sensitivity
10. More damage can occur in younger or rapidly dividing cells
Kilovoltage peak adjustment
Voltage
Inherent filtration
Cell sensitivity
11. Can increase or decrease the number of electrons passing through the cathode filament
The conditions required for the darkroom
Milliamperage adjustment
Long-term effects
Short-term effects
12. Sharp - thornlike projection that appears radiopaque.
Process
Primary Radiation
Spine
Nutrient Canals
13. A line of union between adjoining bones - found only in skull; appears as radiolucent line
Incisive (Nasopalatine) Foramen
Suture
Amount of tissue irradiated
Zygomatic process of maxilla
14. 8 inch and 16 inch; longer are preferred due to less divergence of beam - open ended and lead lined.
Roentgen
Rectangular and round PID
Anterior Nasal Spine
Coronoid Process
15. 'Arranged like a lattice'->soft - spongy bone located between 2 layers of cortical bone; spaces are trabeculae that are filled with bone marrow.
The optimum temperature for manual processing?
Secondary Radiation
Contrast
Cancellous
16. Marked prominence that appears radiopaque.
Stochastic effects
Free Radical Formation
Hamulus
Process
17. Surrounds root - cortical bone - radiopaque
Submandibular Fossa
Maxillary Tuberosity
Inherent filtration
Lamina Dura
18. Occurs frequently due to the high concentration of water in cells.
Ramus
Mylohyoid Ridge
Mandibular Canal
Indirect injury
19. 68 Degrees F
Latent Period
Nutrient Canals
The optimum temperature for manual processing?
Alveolar Crest
20. Scooped out of depressed area of bone that appears radiolucent
Amount of tissue irradiated
Fossa
Direct Injury
Internal Oblique Ridge
21. Within maxillary sinus; acts as a division - radiopaque lines sometimes not visible
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Foramen
Septa within maxillary sinus
Cortical Bone
22. Do not occur in dentistry
Developer Solution
Short-term effects
Incisive (Nasopalatine) Foramen
Floor of Nasal Cavity
23. Tube that passes through bone - contains nerve canals/blood vessels/and appears radiolucent
The optimum temperature for manual processing?
Canal
Somatic cells
Ridge
24. Hollow space - cavity that appears radiolucent
Sinus
Inherent filtration
Nonthreshold dose-response curve
Body of Mandible
25. The x-ray photon is deflected from its path during its passage through matter
Density
Free Radical Formation
Cell sensitivity
Compton Scatter
26. Superior to internal oblique ridge; anterior border of ramus ends in external oblique ridge; radiopaque band
External Oblique Ridge
Genetic cells
Fixer Solution
Inherent filtration
27. Can control the current passing from the cathode to the anode.
Kilovoltage peak adjustment
Fossa
Amount of tissue irradiated
Rad (Radiation absorbed dose)
28. Reduces exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver a makes dark/black areas on film; unexposed silver halide crystals are unaffected by developer
Developer Solution
Rectangular and round PID
Body of Mandible
Stochastic effects
29. Suggest that no matter how small the amount of radiation received - some biologic damage occurs.
Nonthreshold dose-response curve
The conditions required for the darkroom
Amount of tissue irradiated
Mylohyoid Ridge
30. Gray
Rad (Radiation absorbed dose)
Stochastic effects
Inherent filtration
Compton Scatter
31. Cortical bone - radiopaque band above maxillary incisors
Floor of Nasal Cavity
Spine
Alveolar Crest
Collimation
32. Linear prominence that appears radiopaque.
Ridge
Mental Foramen
Incisive (Nasopalatine) Foramen
Tubercle
33. Anterior ramus of mandible; attachment for muscle of mastication; superimposed around maxillary tuberosity.
Collimation
Coronoid Process
Lamina Dura
Dose Rate
34. Darkness or blackness on film. If kVp is increased film will be darker. If decreased - film will be lighter
Density
Genetic cells
Anterior Nasal Spine
General Radiation
35. Small lymphocyte - bone marrow - reproductive cells - immature bone
Septa within maxillary sinus
Lamina Dura
Suture
Radiosensitive cells
36. Tube that travels length of mandible - radiolucent; has cortical walls - houses inferior alveolar nerve
Superior Foramina of incisive canal
Fossa
The conditions required for the darkroom
Mandibular Canal
37. Sievart
Collimation
Rem (Roentgen equivalent (in) man)
Inverted Y
Total (inherent + added) filtration
38. Restricts size and shape of beam to lower patient exposure - Round: cone shaped beam-2.75 inches in diameter - Rectangular: Rectangular beam slightly larger than size 2 film- lowers patient exposure
Collimation
Ramus
Cancellous
Secondary Radiation
39. 'Cheekbone'; cortical bone; radiopaque band extending from zygomatic process.
Radioresistant cells
Zygoma
Coherent Scatter
Scatter Radiation
40. Sharper of dark and light areas and how they are separated on film. Low kVp results in high contrast (many white and black areas - very little gray). Useful when diagnosing decay. High kVp results in low contrast (many shades of grade) Useful for per
Contrast
Compton Scatter
Septa within maxillary sinus
Inherent filtration
41. An x-ray photon that has its path altered by matter.
Conical PID
Tuberosity
Lamina Dura
Coherent Scatter
42. 16-20 square feet (at least 4x4) - Light tight - Safelight must be at least 4 feet from the working area
Direct Injury
Nonstochastic (deterministic) effects
Foramen
The conditions required for the darkroom
43. 'hooklike' - posterior to maxillary tuberosity; extension of medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone; radiopaque
Short-term effects
Lingual Foramen
Hamulus
Amperage
44. Internal ridge of mandible muscle attachment - continuous with internal oblique ridge; radiopaque line
Primary Radiation
Zygoma
Mylohyoid Ridge
Incisive (Nasopalatine) Foramen
45. Continues from ramus; radiopaque band
Fossa
Body of Mandible
Inverted Y
Internal Oblique Ridge
46. Produced when an electron hits the nucleus of a tungsten atom or passes very close to the nucleus of a tungsten atom.
Radiosensitive cells
General Radiation
Median palatine suture
Suture
47. Located above maxillary premolar/molar teeth - border is made up of cortical bone; sinus cavity is radiolucent compartment
Free Radical Formation
Maxillary sinus
Rectangular and round PID
Fossa
48. Tubes within maxillary sinus that carry nerves - blood supply - radiolucent band with boundary of two radiopaque cortical bony lines
Direct Injury
The optimum temperature for manual processing?
The conditions required for the darkroom
Nutrient Canals
49. Two small openings (radiolucent) found on floor of nasal cavity->common exit is incisive foramen
Superior Foramina of incisive canal
Lateral Fossa
Radiosensitive cells
Tuberosity
50. 'Cortex'-> dense - outer layer; also called compact bone-appears radiopaque on film
Nutrient Canals
Dose Rate
Cortical Bone
Maxillary Tuberosity