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Test your basic knowledge |
Radiology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
radiology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Area of body exposed total body produced more adverse effects
Short-term effects
Characteristic Radiation
Amount of tissue irradiated
Fossa
2. A direct function of the dose. No dose threshold; effects do not depend on the magnitude of the absorbed dose (Examples: cancer and genetic mutations)
Roentgen
Nutrient Canals
Stochastic effects
Spine
3. Gray
Septa within maxillary sinus
Rad (Radiation absorbed dose)
Somatic cells
Conical PID
4. Sievart
Superior Foramina of incisive canal
Rem (Roentgen equivalent (in) man)
Fossa
Roentgen
5. Quantity of radiation received or total amount absorbed (more damage with tissue absorbing large quantities of radiation)
Tubercle
Fossa
Zygoma
Total dose
6. Tube that passes through bone - contains nerve canals/blood vessels/and appears radiolucent
Incisive (Nasopalatine) Foramen
Total dose
Scatter Radiation
Canal
7. Located at the midline of anterior portion of hard palate behind maxillary central incisors; round radiolucency between roots of centrals
Maxillary Tuberosity
Canal
Sinus
Incisive (Nasopalatine) Foramen
8. Primary beam passes through glass window - insulating oil - tubehead seal. 0.5 to 1.0 mm of aluminum
Inferior Nasal Conchae
General Radiation
Inherent filtration
Anterior Nasal Spine
9. Surrounds root - cortical bone - radiopaque
Foramen
Lamina Dura
Roentgen
Anterior Nasal Spine
10. Located above maxillary premolar/molar teeth - border is made up of cortical bone; sinus cavity is radiolucent compartment
Maxillary sinus
Long-term effects
Fossa
Conical PID
11. Hollow space - cavity that appears radiolucent
Internal Oblique Ridge
Sinus
Contrast
Fossa
12. Closed - pointed cone-high production of scatter - not used any longer.
Conical PID
Mylohyoid Ridge
Secondary Radiation
Total (inherent + added) filtration
13. Depression of bone; submandibular salivary gland found here; radiolucent; below mylohyoid ridge
The optimum temperature for manual processing?
Kilovoltage peak adjustment
Submandibular Fossa
Zygomatic process of maxilla
14. More damage can occur in younger or rapidly dividing cells
Genial Tubercles
Cell sensitivity
Genetic cells
Characteristic Radiation
15. Two small openings (radiolucent) found on floor of nasal cavity->common exit is incisive foramen
Process
Superior Foramina of incisive canal
Inherent filtration
Hamulus
16. X-radiation created when the primary beam interacts with a matter
Nutrient Canals
Septum
Secondary Radiation
Spine
17. Restricts size and shape of beam to lower patient exposure - Round: cone shaped beam-2.75 inches in diameter - Rectangular: Rectangular beam slightly larger than size 2 film- lowers patient exposure
The conditions required for the darkroom
Cortical Bone
Collimation
Inherent filtration
18. Produced when a high-speed electron dislodges an inner-shell electron from a tungsten atom and causes ionization of that atom. Occurs only at 70 kVp and above.
Spine
Step-Down Transformer
Total dose
Characteristic Radiation
19. Linear prominence that appears radiopaque.
External Oblique Ridge
Alveolar Process
Ridge
Lamina Dura
20. Suggest that no matter how small the amount of radiation received - some biologic damage occurs.
Tubercle
Nonthreshold dose-response curve
Inverted Y
Radiosensitive cells
21. V-shaped radiopacity at intersection of floor of nasal cavity and septum
Somatic cells
Total (inherent + added) filtration
Developer Solution
Anterior Nasal Spine
22. Can increase or decrease the number of electrons passing through the cathode filament
Nonstochastic (deterministic) effects
Body of Mandible
Mandibular Canal
Milliamperage adjustment
23. Cortical bone - radiopaque band above maxillary incisors
Floor of Nasal Cavity
Nonstochastic (deterministic) effects
Nutrient Canals
Stochastic effects
24. Can control the current passing from the cathode to the anode.
Kilovoltage peak adjustment
Collimation
Fixer Solution
Characteristic Radiation
25. 8 inch and 16 inch; longer are preferred due to less divergence of beam - open ended and lead lined.
Rectangular and round PID
Total (inherent + added) filtration
Primary Radiation
Floor of Nasal Cavity
26. Bony wall that divides 2 spaces - radiopaque
Genial Tubercles
Median palatine suture
Mandibular Canal
Septum
27. Occurs very little; most photons pass through cell with little or no damage
Hamulus
Nutrient Canals
Amperage
Direct Injury
28. Cortical bone; J or U shaped radiopacity
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Tubercle
Rectangular and round PID
Voltage
29. The measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive one. Measured in volts (V) or kilovolts (kV)
Nonstochastic (deterministic) effects
Voltage
Ridge
Cell sensitivity
30. Pear shaped compartment - appears above maxillary incisors. Appears as a large radiolucent area above the maxilla.
Nasal Cavity/Fossa
Lateral Fossa
Fossa
Contrast
31. Bump or nodule that appears radiopaque
Alveolar Process
Tubercle
Kilovoltage peak adjustment
Ramus
32. Anterior ramus of mandible; attachment for muscle of mastication; superimposed around maxillary tuberosity.
Radiosensitive cells
Scatter Radiation
Fossa
Coronoid Process
33. The penetrating x-ray beam that is produced at the target of the anode
Primary Radiation
Process
Lateral Fossa
Dose Rate
34. Thin - curved areas of bone - radiopacities within nasal cavity and septum
Long-term effects
Lateral Fossa
Genial Tubercles
Inferior Nasal Conchae
35. 16-20 square feet (at least 4x4) - Light tight - Safelight must be at least 4 feet from the working area
The conditions required for the darkroom
Step-Down Transformer
Alveolar Process
Process
36. Effects seen years - decades - or generations later
Total (inherent + added) filtration
Total dose
Long-term effects
Ridge
37. Intersection of maxillary sinus and nasal cavity - radiopaque - cortical bone; above maxillary canine.
Inverted Y
Total dose
Alveolar Crest
Contrast
38. Cell damage occurs through formation of 'free radicals'. Free radicals are formed when an x-ray photon ionizes water.
The optimum temperature for manual processing?
Zygoma
Free Radical Formation
Mandibular Canal
39. Between canine and lateral incisor - depression is not always visible - radiolucent
Hamulus
Submandibular Fossa
Tuberosity
Lateral Fossa
40. Tubes within maxillary sinus that carry nerves - blood supply - radiolucent band with boundary of two radiopaque cortical bony lines
Nutrient Canals
Developer Solution
Nonstochastic (deterministic) effects
Submandibular Fossa
41. Continues from ramus; radiopaque band
The optimum temperature for manual processing?
Internal Oblique Ridge
Periodontal Ligament Space
Total dose
42. Aluminum disks between collimator and tubehead seal. Aluminum disks filter long wavelength - low energy x-rays from x-ray beam. 0.5 mm increments
The optimum temperature for manual processing?
Nutrient Canals
Added filtration
Step-Down Transformer
43. Superior to internal oblique ridge; anterior border of ramus ends in external oblique ridge; radiopaque band
Free Radical Formation
Radioresistant cells
External Oblique Ridge
Maxillary Tuberosity
44. 'hooklike' - posterior to maxillary tuberosity; extension of medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone; radiopaque
Milliamperage adjustment
Floor of Nasal Cavity
Short-term effects
Hamulus
45. Used to decrease voltage from the incoming 110- or 220-line voltage to the 3 to 5 volts used by the filament circuit.
Radiosensitive cells
Characteristic Radiation
Scatter Radiation
Step-Down Transformer
46. Produced when an electron hits the nucleus of a tungsten atom or passes very close to the nucleus of a tungsten atom.
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Nutrient Canals
General Radiation
Radioresistant cells
47. Somatic effects that have a threshold; effects increase in severity with increasing absorbed dose. (Examples: Erythema - loss of hair - cataracts - and decreased fertility)
Amperage
Periodontal Ligament Space
Nonstochastic (deterministic) effects
Inferior Nasal Conchae
48. Time between exposure to ionizing radiation and the appearance of observable clinical signs.
Mandibular Canal
Rectangular and round PID
Free Radical Formation
Latent Period
49. An x-ray photon that has its path altered by matter.
Characteristic Radiation
Free Radical Formation
Coherent Scatter
Rectangular and round PID
50. Tube that travels length of mandible - radiolucent; has cortical walls - houses inferior alveolar nerve
Mandibular Canal
Coronoid Process
Fixer Solution
Coherent Scatter