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Test your basic knowledge |
Radiology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
radiology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cell damage occurs through formation of 'free radicals'. Free radicals are formed when an x-ray photon ionizes water.
Free Radical Formation
Nonstochastic (deterministic) effects
Superior Foramina of incisive canal
Radioresistant cells
2. Scooped out of depressed area of bone that appears radiolucent
Fossa
Amperage
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Nutrient Canals
3. 8 inch and 16 inch; longer are preferred due to less divergence of beam - open ended and lead lined.
Secondary Radiation
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Fossa
Rectangular and round PID
4. Tube that passes through bone - contains nerve canals/blood vessels/and appears radiolucent
Canal
The conditions required for the darkroom
Periodontal Ligament Space
Primary Radiation
5. Tube that travels length of mandible - radiolucent; has cortical walls - houses inferior alveolar nerve
Latent Period
Mandibular Canal
Added filtration
Mental Foramen
6. Dental x-ray machines operating 70 kVp or below: minimum 1.5 mm aluminum filtration - Dental x-ray machines operating above 70 kVp: minimum of 2.5 mm. of aluminum filtration.
Coronoid Process
Scatter Radiation
Cortical Bone
Total (inherent + added) filtration
7. A direct function of the dose. No dose threshold; effects do not depend on the magnitude of the absorbed dose (Examples: cancer and genetic mutations)
Stochastic effects
Incisive (Nasopalatine) Foramen
Septum
Step-Down Transformer
8. Removes unexposed silver halide crystals and creates white/clear areas on film; black metallic silver remains on film.
Septum
Fixer Solution
Kilovoltage peak adjustment
Nasal Cavity/Fossa
9. Can increase or decrease the number of electrons passing through the cathode filament
Milliamperage adjustment
Nonstochastic (deterministic) effects
Foramen
Periodontal Ligament Space
10. The penetrating x-ray beam that is produced at the target of the anode
Alveolar Crest
Primary Radiation
Step-Up Transformer
Canal
11. Cortical bone; J or U shaped radiopacity
Dose Rate
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Zygoma
Anterior Nasal Spine
12. Occurs frequently due to the high concentration of water in cells.
Indirect injury
Alveolar Process
Stochastic effects
Nutrient Canals
13. A line of union between adjoining bones - found only in skull; appears as radiolucent line
Free Radical Formation
Collimation
Fixer Solution
Suture
14. Superior to internal oblique ridge; anterior border of ramus ends in external oblique ridge; radiopaque band
Contrast
External Oblique Ridge
Indirect injury
Step-Up Transformer
15. Hole in bone below mandibular premolars - blood supply to lower lip exits here; radiolucent; often misdiagnosed for periapical pathology
Mental Foramen
Mylohyoid Ridge
Tubercle
External Oblique Ridge
16. Do not occur in dentistry
Free Radical Formation
Collimation
Short-term effects
Coronoid Process
17. Coulombs per kilogram
Amount of tissue irradiated
Roentgen
Dose Rate
Nasal Cavity/Fossa
18. Can control the current passing from the cathode to the anode.
Nonstochastic (deterministic) effects
Kilovoltage peak adjustment
Indirect injury
Voltage
19. 'Cheekbone'; cortical bone; radiopaque band extending from zygomatic process.
Coronoid Process
Stochastic effects
Zygoma
Tubercle
20. Hollow space - cavity that appears radiolucent
Amount of tissue irradiated
External Oblique Ridge
Lateral Fossa
Sinus
21. Restricts size and shape of beam to lower patient exposure - Round: cone shaped beam-2.75 inches in diameter - Rectangular: Rectangular beam slightly larger than size 2 film- lowers patient exposure
Added filtration
Kilovoltage peak adjustment
Superior Foramina of incisive canal
Collimation
22. Pear shaped compartment - appears above maxillary incisors. Appears as a large radiolucent area above the maxilla.
Step-Up Transformer
Contrast
Nasal Cavity/Fossa
Lamina Dura
23. Surrounded by genial tubercle - hole in bone near mandibular midline - radiolucent
Nonthreshold dose-response curve
Process
Step-Down Transformer
Lingual Foramen
24. Sievart
Tuberosity
Maxillary Tuberosity
Rem (Roentgen equivalent (in) man)
Lateral Fossa
25. V-shaped radiopacity at intersection of floor of nasal cavity and septum
Floor of Nasal Cavity
Indirect injury
Incisive (Nasopalatine) Foramen
Anterior Nasal Spine
26. Used to increase incoming voltage to 65 -000 to 100 -000 volts used by the high-voltage circuit.
Radioresistant cells
Somatic cells
Latent Period
Step-Up Transformer
27. Bony prominence posterior to maxillary third molar; radiopaque
Maxillary Tuberosity
Voltage
Contrast
Superior Foramina of incisive canal
28. Suggest that no matter how small the amount of radiation received - some biologic damage occurs.
Suture
Nonthreshold dose-response curve
Body of Mandible
Lingual Foramen
29. A form of secondary radiation - the result of x-rays that has been deflected from its path by an interaction with matter.
Spine
Step-Up Transformer
Scatter Radiation
Fossa
30. U-shaped portion extending from ramus to ramus
Contrast
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Fixer Solution
Body of Mandible
31. X-radiation created when the primary beam interacts with a matter
Latent Period
Free Radical Formation
Mylohyoid Ridge
Secondary Radiation
32. 68 Degrees F
Ridge
Maxillary Tuberosity
Spine
The optimum temperature for manual processing?
33. Bump of bone - muscle attachment; lingual aspect of mandible - 'ring shaped' radiopacitiy below mandibular incisors.
Scatter Radiation
Sinus
Nutrient Canals
Genial Tubercles
34. Reproductive (ova - sperm). Effects are passed on to generations. Genetic damage cannot be repaired
Ramus
Genetic cells
Rectangular and round PID
Free Radical Formation
35. 16-20 square feet (at least 4x4) - Light tight - Safelight must be at least 4 feet from the working area
The conditions required for the darkroom
Genetic cells
Collimation
Inherent filtration
36. Mature bone - muscle - nerve
Lamina Dura
Ridge
Radioresistant cells
Septum
37. Reduces exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver a makes dark/black areas on film; unexposed silver halide crystals are unaffected by developer
Added filtration
Total (inherent + added) filtration
Cell sensitivity
Developer Solution
38. Two small openings (radiolucent) found on floor of nasal cavity->common exit is incisive foramen
The conditions required for the darkroom
Superior Foramina of incisive canal
Coherent Scatter
Developer Solution
39. Produced when a high-speed electron dislodges an inner-shell electron from a tungsten atom and causes ionization of that atom. Occurs only at 70 kVp and above.
Coherent Scatter
Internal Oblique Ridge
Alveolar Process
Characteristic Radiation
40. Bump or nodule that appears radiopaque
Tubercle
Hamulus
Roentgen
Scatter Radiation
41. Linear prominence that appears radiopaque.
Ridge
Long-term effects
Dose Rate
Septum
42. Occurs very little; most photons pass through cell with little or no damage
Voltage
Lingual Foramen
Developer Solution
Direct Injury
43. The measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive one. Measured in volts (V) or kilovolts (kV)
Alveolar Crest
Step-Down Transformer
Voltage
Somatic cells
44. Tubes within maxillary sinus that carry nerves - blood supply - radiolucent band with boundary of two radiopaque cortical bony lines
Nutrient Canals
Sinus
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Dose Rate
45. Between canine and lateral incisor - depression is not always visible - radiolucent
Mental Foramen
Maxillary sinus
Rectangular and round PID
Lateral Fossa
46. Effects seen years - decades - or generations later
Inherent filtration
Incisive (Nasopalatine) Foramen
Long-term effects
Cortical Bone
47. 'Arranged like a lattice'->soft - spongy bone located between 2 layers of cortical bone; spaces are trabeculae that are filled with bone marrow.
Radiosensitive cells
Cancellous
Cortical Bone
Nonstochastic (deterministic) effects
48. The x-ray photon is deflected from its path during its passage through matter
Alveolar Crest
Mylohyoid Ridge
Compton Scatter
Secondary Radiation
49. Thin - curved areas of bone - radiopacities within nasal cavity and septum
The optimum temperature for manual processing?
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Direct Injury
Inferior Nasal Conchae
50. Intersection of maxillary sinus and nasal cavity - radiopaque - cortical bone; above maxillary canine.
Hamulus
Step-Down Transformer
Inverted Y
Radiosensitive cells