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Radiology 3

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Within maxillary sinus; acts as a division - radiopaque lines sometimes not visible






2. Used to decrease voltage from the incoming 110- or 220-line voltage to the 3 to 5 volts used by the filament circuit.






3. Between canine and lateral incisor - depression is not always visible - radiolucent






4. Sharper of dark and light areas and how they are separated on film. Low kVp results in high contrast (many white and black areas - very little gray). Useful when diagnosing decay. High kVp results in low contrast (many shades of grade) Useful for per






5. Continues from ramus; radiopaque band






6. Occurs frequently due to the high concentration of water in cells.






7. Used to increase incoming voltage to 65 -000 to 100 -000 volts used by the high-voltage circuit.






8. Mature bone - muscle - nerve






9. 'Cortex'-> dense - outer layer; also called compact bone-appears radiopaque on film






10. Quantity of radiation received or total amount absorbed (more damage with tissue absorbing large quantities of radiation)






11. Cell damage occurs through formation of 'free radicals'. Free radicals are formed when an x-ray photon ionizes water.






12. A direct function of the dose. No dose threshold; effects do not depend on the magnitude of the absorbed dose (Examples: cancer and genetic mutations)






13. Somatic effects that have a threshold; effects increase in severity with increasing absorbed dose. (Examples: Erythema - loss of hair - cataracts - and decreased fertility)






14. All cells except reproductive; effects are seen in person irradiated






15. Scooped out of depressed area of bone that appears radiolucent






16. Dental x-ray machines operating 70 kVp or below: minimum 1.5 mm aluminum filtration - Dental x-ray machines operating above 70 kVp: minimum of 2.5 mm. of aluminum filtration.






17. Depression of bone; submandibular salivary gland found here; radiolucent; below mylohyoid ridge






18. Restricts size and shape of beam to lower patient exposure - Round: cone shaped beam-2.75 inches in diameter - Rectangular: Rectangular beam slightly larger than size 2 film- lowers patient exposure






19. Extends from alveolar bone between maxillary centrals to posterior hard palate; seen as a radiolucent line






20. Posterior to mandibular third molar






21. Bump or nodule that appears radiopaque






22. Can increase or decrease the number of electrons passing through the cathode filament






23. Hole in bone below mandibular premolars - blood supply to lower lip exits here; radiolucent; often misdiagnosed for periapical pathology






24. 68 Degrees F






25. Time between exposure to ionizing radiation and the appearance of observable clinical signs.






26. Produced when an electron hits the nucleus of a tungsten atom or passes very close to the nucleus of a tungsten atom.






27. Produced when a high-speed electron dislodges an inner-shell electron from a tungsten atom and causes ionization of that atom. Occurs only at 70 kVp and above.






28. 'Arranged like a lattice'->soft - spongy bone located between 2 layers of cortical bone; spaces are trabeculae that are filled with bone marrow.






29. Reduces exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver a makes dark/black areas on film; unexposed silver halide crystals are unaffected by developer






30. Marked prominence that appears radiopaque.






31. The measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive one. Measured in volts (V) or kilovolts (kV)






32. Encases/supports teeth






33. Can control the current passing from the cathode to the anode.






34. 8 inch and 16 inch; longer are preferred due to less divergence of beam - open ended and lead lined.






35. X-radiation created when the primary beam interacts with a matter






36. Sievart






37. Primary beam passes through glass window - insulating oil - tubehead seal. 0.5 to 1.0 mm of aluminum






38. U-shaped portion extending from ramus to ramus






39. Located at the midline of anterior portion of hard palate behind maxillary central incisors; round radiolucency between roots of centrals






40. Anterior ramus of mandible; attachment for muscle of mastication; superimposed around maxillary tuberosity.






41. Superior to internal oblique ridge; anterior border of ramus ends in external oblique ridge; radiopaque band






42. Cortical bone; J or U shaped radiopacity






43. Occurs very little; most photons pass through cell with little or no damage






44. More damage can occur in younger or rapidly dividing cells






45. Intersection of maxillary sinus and nasal cavity - radiopaque - cortical bone; above maxillary canine.






46. The x-ray photon is deflected from its path during its passage through matter






47. Rounded prominence that appears radiopaque






48. Bump of bone - muscle attachment; lingual aspect of mandible - 'ring shaped' radiopacitiy below mandibular incisors.






49. Pear shaped compartment - appears above maxillary incisors. Appears as a large radiolucent area above the maxilla.






50. Internal ridge of mandible muscle attachment - continuous with internal oblique ridge; radiopaque line







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