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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is associated with sclerosing adenosis?
Feedback inhibition
Calcifications
Peyronie's dz
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate

2. 2 sperm + empty egg
Spermatocele
Complete
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA

3. What does HHAVOC stand for in menopause
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
Inhibition of HCG access

4. small breast tumor that grows in lactiferous ducts - typically beneath the areola with serous or bloody nipple discharge
Intraductal papilloma
Estrogen overstimulation
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids

5. cystic swelling of chorionic villi and proliferation of chorionic epithelium that presents with abnormal vaginal bleeding
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant
Hydatidiform mole
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride

6. What is the karyotype of a complete mole
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis
Fibromas
Inc estrogen - inc total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity
46 xx

7. What is the lymphatic drainage of the distal 1/3 of the vagina/scrotum/vulva
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Inc AFP and hCG

8. What are the most common cause of anovluation

9. histo: simple columnar epithelium - pseudostratified tubular glands
Immature
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
Uterus
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs

10. Prevention of seizures and in preeclampsia
1 week - 2 weeks
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
IV mag sulfate - diazepam

11. gynecological tumors from highest incidence to lowest
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase

12. common cause of recurrent miscarriage in 2nd trimester
Prophase
Bicornute uterus
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Ligament of the ovary

13. what increases the risk of cryptorchidism
Prematurity
Defective androgen receptor
Mucinous cystadenoma
Placenta acreta

14. What is the number 1 risk factor for cervical dysplasia or carcinoma in situ
Preeclampsia clinical
Fructose
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse
2 months

15. Where is testosterone converted to estrogen
Epithelial hyperplasia
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
No
Just prior to ovulation

16. What are risk factors for abruptio placentae?
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
The centrioles
Ligament of the ovary

17. When does the secondary oocyte complete meosis II

18. What sequelae are associated with leiomyoma
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage
During fetal life
Varicocele
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)

19. Connects ovary to lateral uterus
Peripheral adipose tissue
Ligament of the ovary
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Fat necrosis

20. breast path - diseases of the major duct
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Menometrorrhagia

21. What are the associated risk factors for malignant breast tumors
Brenner tumor
Inc estrogen - inc total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity
Fat necrosis
Inhibition LH and FSH

22. endometrium within the myometrium
E coli
Adenomyosis
Adolescents
Fat necrosis

23. dx with decreased testosterone - increased LH
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta
Inc risk for carcinoma
Primary hypogonadism
Serous cystadenoma

24. Which ligament is the derivative of the gubernaculum and travels through the inguinal canal
Round ligament of the uterus
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain
Production of a thick cervical mucus

25. In what group are malignant breast tumors most commonly seen
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Turner's XO
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Post menopausal

26. vaginal carcinoma affecting girls < 4 spindle shaped tumors cells that are desmin positive
Endocervix
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
Yolk sac - endodermal sinus - tumor
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant

27. What is indicative of a poor prognosis for endometrial carcinoma
Embryonal carcinoma
Left
Turner's XO
Myometrial invasion

28. What are predisposing factors for placenta previa
Prior c section - multiparity
Testis determining factor
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain

29. What is a potential complication of endometrial hyperplasia
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Epithelial hyperplasia
Endometrial carcinoma
Prematurity

30. In what phase is meiosis II arrested
Metaphase
5 alpha reductase def
Ectocervix
Placenta acreta

31. Overexpression of which receptors is common iwht malignant breast tumors
46 xx
Theca - leutin cysts
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
Abacterial

32. What are the most common tumors in all females?
Myometrial tumors
Inc risk for carcinoma
Invasive lobular
1 week - 2 weeks

33. What complications are associated with oligohydramnios

34. What stimulation after labor induces lactation
Male pseudoHerm
Decreasing progesterone
Testosterone
E coli

35. What changes in the aorta are common in Turner's?
Corpus luteum cyst
Suckling - inc oxytocin - prolactin
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
Preductal coarctication

36. What does progesterone do to body temp
Krukenburg tumor
Increase
Proliferation
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur

37. What virus is dyslapsia and carcinoma in situ of the cervix associated with
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis
HPV 16 - 18
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes

38. Risk factors for ectopic pregs
The semiT and the blood vessels
50 times
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery
Calcifications

39. What is the karyotype of a partial mole
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
69 xxy
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria

40. decreased estrogen production due to age linked decline in the number of ovarian follices
2nd week of proliferative phase
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Menopause
SANS - hypogastric nerve

41. testicular atrophy - eunochoid body shape - tall - long extremities - gynecomastia - inactivated X chromosome - dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules - decreased inhibin - abnormal leydig cell function

42. What does the histo show for prostate cancer
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant
Feedback inhibition
DIC
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli

43. What are the risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia
Seminoma
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS

44. gray - soliarty - crusty plaque - usually on the shaft of the penis or on the scrotum - peak incidence in 5th decade of life - can progress to invasive SCC in < 10% of cases

45. histo: stratified squamous epithelium - nonkeratinized
Vagina
Call exner bodies
Preeclampsia + siezures
Krukenburg tumor

46. GI malignancy that metastasizes to ovaries causing a mucin secreting signet cell adenocarcinoma
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
No
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation
Krukenburg tumor

47. What is the most common gynecologic malignancy
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
Endometrial carcinoma
Placenta previa
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY

48. breast abscess - during breast feeding with increased risk of bacterial infxn through cracks in the nipple
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
Smooth muscle
Increase
Acute mastitis

49. Which teratoma - mature or immature - is aggresively malignant
Immature
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets

50. How is dyslpasi and carcinoma in situ of the cervix classified
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
S aureus
Para - aortic lymph nodes
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT