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Reproductive

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1. When does endometiral carcinoma usually occur
Kallman
55-65
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast

2. breast path - diseases of the major duct
Invasive lobular
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development

3. Bent penis due to acquired fibrous tissue formation

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4. inc fluid secondary to incomplete fustion with processus vaginalis
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility
Hydrocele
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli

5. What is DHT responsible for in late development
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity
95%
Uterus
50 times

6. Risk factors for ectopic pregs
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery
Preeclampsia + siezures
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity

7. What are the effects of prolactin?
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Golgi
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection

8. endometrium within the myometrium
Squamo - columnar jxn
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Adenomyosis
69 xxy

9. What does HHAVOC stand for in menopause
Prophase
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Hydatidiform mole
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease

10. marked increased hCG - complete or partial
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone
Complete
Preeclampsia
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY

11. histo: simple columnar epithelium
Abacterial
Endocervix
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Insulin resistance

12. What are the associated risk factors for malignant breast tumors
Inc estrogen - inc total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity
2 months
Round ligament of the uterus
Acute mastitis

13. What does the histo show for prostate cancer
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Teratoma
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)

14. pain with or without bleeding - inc in hCG - sudden lower abdominal pain - mistaken for appendicitis
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL
Call exner bodies
Ectopic preg
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids

15. histologic subtype of fibrocystic with inc acini and intralobular fibrosis
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
Sclerosing adenosis
Preeclampsia + siezures
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids

16. When are phyllodes tumors most common
Placenta acreta
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens
In the 6th decade of life

17. bundles of spindle shaped fibroblasts - pulling sensation in the groin
Fibromas
Suckling - inc oxytocin - prolactin
Uterus
Inhibit FSH

18. Which androgen is responsible for differentiation of epididymis - vas deferens - seminal vesicles - internal genitalia (except prostate)
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
Malignant in males not in females
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Testosterone

19. How is dyslpasi and carcinoma in situ of the cervix classified
Varicocele
Peyronie's dz
Inflammatory
CIN 1 - 2 - 3

20. What is a complication of cryptorchidism and why does it occur
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Left
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
17beta estradiol

21. What does progesterone do to gonadotropins
Maintenance
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Inhibition LH and FSH
Low progesterone

22. What occurs to a fibroadenoma during pregnancy and menstruation and why
Inc size and tenderness with inc estrogen
Kallman
Decreasing progesterone
Metaphase

23. What does SEVEN Up stand for in regards to the pathway of sperm
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens
Endometrial carcinoma

24. can present as precocious puberty in kids - can cause endometrial hyperplasia/carinoma in adults - abnormal uterine bleeding
50 times
Cervix
Paget's disease
Granulosa cell tumor

25. What is the karyotype of a partial mole
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Menopause
69 xxy
CIN 1 - 2 - 3

26. Is fertility compromised in double Y males?
One of the centrioles
No
Fallopian tube
Good - late metastasis

27. what structures supplies the energy to the middle piece (neck)
PANS - pelvic nerve
Sertoli cell tumor
Mitochondria
Invasive lobular

28. blood from ruptured follicle causing peritoneal irritation that can mimic appendicitis
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ of penis
Calcifications
Mittelschmerz syndrome
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY

29. What common valvular abnormality is common in Turner's
Immature
Smooth muscle
Aortic bicuspid valve
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen

30. What is the presentation of prostatitis
Metaphase
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain
Round ligament of the uterus
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole

31. Where does prostatic adenocarcinoma arise from?
Posterior lobe peripheral zone
Malignant in males not in females
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer

32. 20% of ovarian tumors - benign - lined with fallopian tube like epithelium
Serous cystadenoma
Choriocarcinoma
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff

33. What are risk factors for placenta acreta
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa
Spermatocele
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibin

34. How is beta hCG detectable in blood or urine for a home pregnancy test
Mimics LH
Abruptio placentae
50 times
1 week - 2 weeks

35. equivalent to seminoma in the ovary and forms a sheet of uniform cells - marked by hCG and LDH
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Dysgerminoma
Varicocele

36. Where is testosterone secreted into?
Complete
The semiT and the blood vessels
Decrease
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

37. Vaginal sqamous cell carcinoma is most often seconday From which site?
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Uterus
Hydatidiform mole
Cervix

38. tumor with firm fibrous - 'rock hard' mass with sharp margins and small glandular duct like cells - worst prognosis and most common
Invasive ductal
Para - aortic lymph nodes
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli

39. androblastoma from sex cord stroma
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA
Sertoli cell tumor
Yolk sac - endodermal sinus - tumor

40. Between What two phases does the sperm acquire the acrosome - flagellum - and middle piece
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
Seminoma
Mucinous cystadenoma
Sertoli cells

41. What does estrogen stimulate in the endometrium
No
Proliferation
Choriocarcinoma
Immature

42. What hematologic condition is associated with abruptio placentae
Sertoli cells
One of the centrioles
Serous cystadenoma
DIC

43. What are the most common cause of anovluation

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44. What are predisposing factors for placenta previa
Krukenburg tumor
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Intraductal papilloma
Prior c section - multiparity

45. Benign - looks like bladder
Brenner tumor
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids
1000 times
Mucinous cystadenoma

46. What causes preeclampsia
Proliferation
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant

47. What does progesterone do to myometrial excitability
Estradiol
17beta estradiol
Decrease
Polyhydramnios

48. What converts testosterone to DHT
Paget's disease
Testosterone
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride

49. What is the most common gynecologic malignancy
Spermatocele
Cystic
Leydig cell tumor
Endometrial carcinoma

50. How does endometrial hyperplasia manifest clinically
51 yo
Post menopausal bleeding
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
Hyperestrogenism

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Reproductive

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