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Reproductive

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1. What does progesterone do to smooth muscle in the uterus
1 week - 2 weeks
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Relaxation
Post menopausal

2. increases in which hormone are associated with BPH
5 alpha reductase def
Defective androgen receptor
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Smooth muscle

3. How many functional sperm does 1 germ cell creat?
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
4
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly

4. What effect does NE have on smoothe muscle in the erectile tissues
Down regulation
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile

5. hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum
Corpus luteum cyst
Malignant in males not in females
Relaxation
Squamo - columnar jxn

6. What pathologic states cause increases in hCG
Para - aortic lymph nodes
5 alpha reductase def
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
Preeclampsia clinical

7. histologic type of fibrocystic with hyperplasia of breast stroma
Fibrosis
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Hyperestrogenism

8. What complications are associated with oligohydramnios

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9. What is a concern of early menopause
Left
Estradiol
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Granulosa cell tumor

10. What do sildenafil and vardenafil do?
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA
Inhibit cGMP breakdown
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Fallopian tube

11. What does SEVEN Up stand for in regards to the pathway of sperm
Polyhydramnios
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy
Ligament of the ovary

12. What is the treatment for preeclampsia
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Invasive lobular
Delivery of fetus
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ of penis

13. Which side is varicocele more common on...
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Left
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis

14. What is the genetic material in the secondary oocyte?
Fertilization 'an egg met a sperm'
DCIS
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids

15. What hematologic condition is associated with abruptio placentae
DIC
Adrenal gland
Preeclampsia + siezures
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions

16. How long does it take for sperm to fully develop
2 months
1000 times
Placenta previa
Tunica vaginalis lesions

17. What substances other than inhibin do sertoli cells produce?
Fructose
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
Mitochondria
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone

18. What are the useful tumor parkers in prostatic adenocarcinoma
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA
Preeclampsia + siezures
Paget cell
DCIS

19. What is the genetic material in the primary oocyte?
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Sertoli cell tumor
Fibromas

20. 2 sperm + empty egg
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
Complete
Oligomenorrhea
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands

21. What are the pathologic features of leiosarcoma
Production of a thick cervical mucus
Ectocervix
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Squamous cell carcinoma

22. What does progesterone do in the endometrium
Inhibit FSH
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
Defective androgen receptor
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA

23. What is the average age of onset for menopause
Osteoblastic in bone
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse
51 yo
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos

24. What are causes of female pseudoHerm
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids
Adolescents
Corpus luteum cyst

25. What is the genetic material in the ovum
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Peyronie's dz
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation

26. What is the prognosis for seminoma
Squamo - columnar jxn
Good - late metastasis
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer

27. in postmenopausal women Where is androstenedione converted to estrone
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
Koilocytitic
Broad ligament
Peripheral adipose tissue

28. What does HHAVOC stand for in menopause
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Medullary
Decreasing progesterone
PSA

29. When does spermatogenesis begin?
Testosterone
Puberty
Post menopausal
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus

30. What increase in estriol is an indicator offetal well being in pregnancy
1000 times
Testosterone
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
Adrenal gland

31. What serum markers are associated with embyronal carcinoma
Female pseudoHerm
Teratoma
Inc AFP and hCG
S aureus

32. histo: simple columnar epithelium - pseudostratified tubular glands
Testosterone
BPH
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse
Uterus

33. histologic type of fibrocystic with fluid filled - blue dome and ductal dilation
Epithelial hyperplasia
Leydig cell tumor
Cystic
Cardinal ligament

34. Why does the skin resemble an orange peel in inflammatory type of maligantn breast tumor
Paget's disease
Sclerosing adenosis
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Complete

35. cystic swelling of chorionic villi and proliferation of chorionic epithelium that presents with abnormal vaginal bleeding
Hydatidiform mole
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
In the 6th decade of life
No

36. What are risk factors for placenta acreta
Granulosa cell tumor
Chromosomal abnormalities
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa
Proliferation

37. when do primary oocytes begin meiosis I
Adenomyosis
Uterus
During fetal life
Intraductal papilloma

38. triad of ovarian fibroma - ascites - hydrothorax
Paget's disease - breast abscess
Brenner tumor
Meigs syndrome
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile

39. What is a true hermaphrodite
Placenta previa
Choriocarcinoma
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY

40. Arrange the androgens in order of most potent to least potent
Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
Suckling - inc oxytocin - prolactin

41. What is the treatment for hydatidiform mole
Tubular carcinoma
Smooth muscle
Relaxation
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate

42. Where does prostatic adenocarcinoma arise from?
Posterior lobe peripheral zone
Axillary node involvement
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
Prior c section - multiparity

43. breast path - diseases of the stroma
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
69 xxy
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Axillary node involvement

44. When does endometiral carcinoma usually occur
Insulin resistance
Theca - leutin cysts
55-65
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff

45. histo: simple columnar epithelium - ciliated
6
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Fallopian tube
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions

46. What does progesterone do to gonadotropins
Invasive lobular
Inhibition LH and FSH
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2
Estrogen overstimulation

47. Where does FSH work - what enzyme works there - what substrate comes in and what leaves
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Ligament of the ovary
Fibromas
The centrioles

48. pain with or without bleeding - inc in hCG - sudden lower abdominal pain - mistaken for appendicitis
Menometrorrhagia
Choriocarcinoma
Ectopic preg
Inhibition of HCG access

49. Wher does dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the cervix usually begin
1000 times
Cardinal ligament
Uterus
Squamo - columnar jxn

50. What becomes the main source of hCG
Klinefelter's - XXY
69 xxy
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta
IV mag sulfate - diazepam

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Reproductive

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