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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. inability to convert testosterone to DHT - limited to genetic males - penis at 12
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
Fat necrosis
Blacks
5 alpha reductase def

2. Which system and nerve allow for erection in the male?
Myometrial invasion
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
PANS - pelvic nerve
Mimics LH

3. What are risk factors for placenta acreta
Squamous cell carcinoma
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
PANS - pelvic nerve
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa

4. From What tissues to malignant breast tumors arise?
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Peripheral adipose tissue
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
Placenta acreta

5. gray - soliarty - crusty plaque - usually on the shaft of the penis or on the scrotum - peak incidence in 5th decade of life - can progress to invasive SCC in < 10% of cases

6. histo: stratified sqamous epithelium
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Ectocervix
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS
Invasive ductal

7. What does hCG do in the first trimester to maintain the corpus luteum
Testis determining factor
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
Placenta acreta
Mimics LH

8. What converts testosterone to DHT
Ovary
Delivery of fetus
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride

9. Which cells secrete beta hCG
Trophoblasts
DCIS
Mitochondria
Axillary node involvement

10. breast path - diseeases of the lobules
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis
Cervix
Oligohydramnios

11. 2 sperm + 1 egg
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY
Partial
Menopause
1 week - 2 weeks

12. Where does prostatic adenocarcinoma arise from?
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens
Posterior lobe peripheral zone
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Theca - leutin cysts

13. How many days after fertilization does implantation occur?
6
Endometrial carcinoma
Invasive ductal
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant

14. multilocular cyst lined by mucus secreting epi - benign - intestine like
PANS - pelvic nerve
Mucinous cystadenoma
Choriocarcinoma
Follicular cyst

15. What does estrogen do to estrogen - LH and progesterone recepotrs
Upregulation
Invasive ductal
Defective androgen receptor
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis

16. Where is testosterone secreted into?
The semiT and the blood vessels
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
Fallopian tube
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff

17. What happens to a leiomyoma in pregs and menopause and why
Uterus
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
Fibrosis
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens

18. marked increased hCG - complete or partial
Blacks
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
No
Complete

19. large - hyperchromatic syncytiotrophoblasts cells - inc freq theca leutin cysts - develops during pregnancy in mom or baby - marked by hCG
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Choriocarcinoma
Relaxation
46 xx

20. What estrogen does the ovary secrete
Complete
Chromosomal abnormalities
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione
17beta estradiol

21. Where does fertilization most commonly occur?
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation
Testosterone
Oligomenorrhea
E coli

22. headache - blurred vision - abdominal pain - edema of face and extremeties - altered mentation - hyperreflexia in pregnancy
Preeclampsia clinical
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
Inflammatory

23. inc fluid secondary to incomplete fustion with processus vaginalis
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
DIC
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility
Hydrocele

24. What metastasis is most common with prostatic adenocarcinoma
Abacterial
Osteoblastic in bone
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
The semiT and the blood vessels

25. testicular atrophy - eunochoid body shape - tall - long extremities - gynecomastia - inactivated X chromosome - dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules - decreased inhibin - abnormal leydig cell function

26. common cause of recurrent miscarriage in the 1st week
Invasive ductal
Low progesterone
Adolescents
Endocervix

27. What is the main source of energy for spermatozoa
Menopause
Peripheral conversion of androgens
Fructose
No

28. What percentage of testicular tumors are germ cell
95%
Hydatidiform mole
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids

29. Overexpression of which receptors is common iwht malignant breast tumors
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Squamous cell carcinoma
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids

30. Which ligament is the derivative of the gubernaculum and travels through the inguinal canal
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
Inflammatory
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Round ligament of the uterus

31. Where does LH work - what enzyme works there and what product is secreted
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
No

32. malignant - inc hCG - disordered syncytiotrophoblastic and cytotrophoblastic elements - hematogenous spread
Koilocytitic
Choriocarcinoma
Acute mastitis
Puberty

33. decreased estrogen production due to age linked decline in the number of ovarian follices
Proliferation
Seminoma
Menopause
Estradiol

34. malignant - painless homogenous testicular enlargement - most common testicular tumor - affecting males ages 15 to 3 - large cells in lobules with watery cytoplasm and a 'fried egg' appearnace
Cardinal ligament
Testosterone
Seminoma
Ovary

35. cystic swelling of chorionic villi and proliferation of chorionic epithelium that presents with abnormal vaginal bleeding
Post menopausal
Hydatidiform mole
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta

36. breast path - diseases of the major duct
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen

37. connects cervix to side wall of pelvis - contains uterine vessels
Inhibit cGMP breakdown
Good - late metastasis
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome
Cardinal ligament

38. What does progesterone do for pregnancy
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
Mitochondria
Increase
Maintenance

39. histo: simple cuboidal epithelium
Golgi
Ovary
55-65
One of the centrioles

40. What estrogen does the placenta secrete
Estradiol
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Primary hypogonadism
Preeclampsia clinical

41. What is the source of estrogen after menopause
Peripheral conversion of androgens
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Testicular lymphoma
Sertoli cells

42. When does the secondary oocyte complete meosis II

43. increases in which hormone are associated with BPH
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Peripheral conversion of androgens
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism

44. hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal
Corpus luteum cyst
Increased FSH

45. >1.5 -2 L of amniotic fluid
Cardinal ligament
Fertilization 'an egg met a sperm'
Serous cystadenoma
Polyhydramnios

46. What is the genetic material in the primary oocyte?
Abacterial
Endometrial carcinoma
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Testicular lymphoma

47. What does progesterone do to body temp
Mittelschmerz syndrome
Increase
Sertoli cell tumor
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery

48. What is the most common form of male pseudoHerm
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Seminoma
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain
Trophoblasts

49. What are the pathologic features of leiosarcoma
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
HPV 16 - 18
Posterior lobe peripheral zone

50. tumor is fleshy - cellular - with a lymphocytic infiltrate - good prognosis
Medullary
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT