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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. disagreement between the phenotypic and gonadal sex
Pseudohermaphroditism
51 yo
Inhibition LH and FSH
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation

2. When does spermatogenesis begin?
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy
Puberty
Right gonadal vein - IVC

3. Overexpression of which receptors is common iwht malignant breast tumors
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome
Kallman

4. Which androgen is responsible for differentiation of epididymis - vas deferens - seminal vesicles - internal genitalia (except prostate)
Testosterone
Sertoli cells
Post menopausal
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY

5. How many functional sperm does 1 germ cell creat?
Inc risk for carcinoma
Mimics LH
Intraductal papilloma
4

6. how does BPH present
No
Puberty
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Peripheral adipose tissue

7. histo: simple columnar epithelium - ciliated
Fallopian tube
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection
Placenta previa
Chocolate cyst

8. What are risk factors for abruptio placentae?
Bicornute uterus
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Smoking - HTN - cocaine

9. decreased estrogen - inc FSH - LH - signs of menopause after puberty but before 40
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
Ligament of the ovary
No
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)

10. breast abscess - during breast feeding with increased risk of bacterial infxn through cracks in the nipple
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Immature
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs
Acute mastitis

11. What is the expected increase of estradiol and estrone in pregnancy
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
50 times
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA

12. What is the genetic material in the primary oocyte?
5 alpha reductase def
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Abruptio placentae

13. Arrange the androgens in order of most potent to least potent
Axillary node involvement
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity
Serous cystadenocarcinoma

14. In what phase is meiosis I arrested
Increased FSH
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Prophase
Endocervix

15. endometrium within the myometrium
Polyhydramnios
Abacterial
Adenomyosis
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant

16. Wher does dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the cervix usually begin
Squamo - columnar jxn
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction
Paget's disease - breast abscess

17. histo: simple cuboidal epithelium
Cardinal ligament
Ovary
Testosterone
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors

18. What is the prognosis for seminoma
Kallman
Good - late metastasis
Round ligament of uterus
Inhibit cGMP breakdown

19. Why does the skin resemble an orange peel in inflammatory type of maligantn breast tumor
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Estradiol
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage

20. malignant - pseudomyxoma pertonei - intraperitoneal accumulation of mucinous material from ovarian or appendiceal tumor
Koilocytitic
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Hemorrhage
Post menopausal

21. Multiple papular lesions on the penis - affects younger age group - usually does not become invasive
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Metrorrhagia
Posterior lobe peripheral zone

22. What is a potential complication of endometrial hyperplasia
95%
Insulin resistance
Endometrial carcinoma
69 xxy

23. Which ligament is the derivative of the gubernaculum and travels through the inguinal canal
Aortic bicuspid valve
Kallman
Endocervix
Round ligament of the uterus

24. What is a complication of invasive carcinoma
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure
Relaxation
Placenta previa
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor

25. Which cells line the seminiferous tubules and secrete inhibin
Sertoli cells
Testosterone
The centrioles
Squamo - columnar jxn

26. complications of BPH
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant
Corpus luteum cyst
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity

27. premature detachment of placenta from implantation site leading to fetal death
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Peripheral conversion of androgens
Adrenal gland
Abruptio placentae

28. hyperplasia - not hypertrophy of the prostate gland
BPH
Intraductal papilloma
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2
Menometrorrhagia

29. > 35 day cycle
Leydig cell tumor
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Oligomenorrhea

30. 20% of ovarian tumors - benign - lined with fallopian tube like epithelium
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Serous cystadenoma
Fibrocystic disease
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone

31. decreased estrogen production due to age linked decline in the number of ovarian follices
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL
Menopause
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Tunica vaginalis lesions

32. tumor is ductal with caseous necrosis
PCOS
Trophoblasts
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis
Comedocarcinoma

33. Uterin fundus to labia majora
Partial
Testosterone
Round ligament of uterus
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle

34. What is the karyotype of a partial mole
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Seminoma
69 xxy

35. Which androgens are responsible for the growth spurt of the penis - seminal vesicles - sperm - muscle - RBCs
PANS - pelvic nerve
Testosterone
55-65
Adenomyosis

36. large - hyperchromatic syncytiotrophoblasts cells - inc freq theca leutin cysts - develops during pregnancy in mom or baby - marked by hCG
Ectopic preg
Pseudohermaphroditism
Choriocarcinoma
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ of penis

37. What pathologic states cause increases in hCG
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
Fertilization 'an egg met a sperm'
Medullary
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells

38. non neoplastic endometrial glands/stroma in abnormal locations outsdie the uterus
Endometriosis
E coli
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids
Good - late metastasis

39. Red velvety plaques - usually involving the glans - similar to Bowen's
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ of penis
2nd week of proliferative phase
Kallman
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal

40. What does gynecomastia result from?
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone
Testosterone
50 times
Hyperestrogenism

41. triad of ovarian fibroma - ascites - hydrothorax
Corpus luteum cyst
Meigs syndrome
Fibroadenoma
Smooth muscle

42. What does the histo show for prostate cancer
Just prior to ovulation
Inflammatory
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli

43. Large bulky breast mass of connective tissue and cysts with leaf like projections
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone
Phyllodes tumor
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development

44. What do leydig cells secrete?
Testosterone
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity

45. breast path - diseases of the lactiferous sinus
No
Inc AFP and hCG
1 week - 2 weeks
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis

46. common cause of recurrent miscarriage in 2nd trimester
Inhibition LH and FSH
E coli
Bicornute uterus
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase

47. blood from ruptured follicle causing peritoneal irritation that can mimic appendicitis
Round ligament of the uterus
Mittelschmerz syndrome
Preeclampsia
Hemorrhage

48. What is the average age of onset for menopause
Adenomyosis
51 yo
Serous cystadenoma
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism

49. malignant - painless homogenous testicular enlargement - most common testicular tumor - affecting males ages 15 to 3 - large cells in lobules with watery cytoplasm and a 'fried egg' appearnace
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant
Female pseudoHerm
Para - aortic lymph nodes
Seminoma

50. What changes in the aorta are common in Turner's?
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial
Leydig cell tumor
Preductal coarctication