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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the enlargement found in BPH
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Broad ligament
Ligament of the ovary

2. Which cells line the seminiferous tubules and maintain germ pool and produce primary spermatocytes
No
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
BPH

3. gray - soliarty - crusty plaque - usually on the shaft of the penis or on the scrotum - peak incidence in 5th decade of life - can progress to invasive SCC in < 10% of cases

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4. What are the treatments for BPH
Male pseudoHerm
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Immature
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride

5. Which cells secrete beta hCG
Trophoblasts
1 week - 2 weeks
Peripheral conversion of androgens
Leydig cell tumor

6. malignant - painful - often glandular/papillary morphology testicular germ cell tumor that can differentiate into other tumors
Chocolate cyst
Embryonal carcinoma
Smooth muscle
Inflammatory

7. What is DHT responsible for in early development?
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ of penis
Relaxation
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate

8. small - mobile - firm breast mass with sharp edges - most common in <25
Maintenance
Inhibit FSH
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
Fibroadenoma

9. heavy - irregular menstruation at irregular intervals
Trophoblasts
Down regulation
Fibromas
Menometrorrhagia

10. What is the lymphatic drainage of the distal 1/3 of the vagina/scrotum/vulva
Peripheral adipose tissue
Testosterone
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile

11. when do primary oocytes complete meiosis I
Just prior to ovulation
PCOS
Inc size and tenderness with inc estrogen
Suckling - inc oxytocin - prolactin

12. Testosterone and estrogen in androgen insensitivity syndrome
Increase (and LH)
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
Uterus

13. testicular atrophy - eunochoid body shape - tall - long extremities - gynecomastia - inactivated X chromosome - dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules - decreased inhibin - abnormal leydig cell function

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14. hyperandrogenism due to deranged steroid synthesis by theca cells - inc LH leading to anovulation
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA
PCOS
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Oligohydramnios

15. Which side is varicocele more common on...
Proliferation
Oligomenorrhea
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis
Left

16. What is the prognosis for seminoma
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Good - late metastasis
Proliferation
Feedback inhibition

17. Where does prostatic adenocarcinoma arise from?
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis
Post menopausal
Posterior lobe peripheral zone

18. androblastoma from sex cord stroma
Paget cell
Choriocarcinoma
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Sertoli cell tumor

19. dilated epididymal duct
Ectocervix
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Spermatocele

20. Risk factors for ectopic pregs
Testosterone
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery

21. What are the pathologic features of leiosarcoma
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione

22. What does FSH do
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal
20 to 40
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)
Stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibin

23. atypical cells in epithelial hyperplasia
Inc risk for carcinoma
Endocervix
Phyllodes tumor
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL

24. What are the 3 androgens
Fibrosis
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione
Squamous cell carcinoma
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole

25. What is the genetic material in the primary oocyte?
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Aortic bicuspid valve
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells

26. breast path - diseeases of the lobules
Myometrial invasion
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis
Increase (and LH)

27. multilocular cyst lined by mucus secreting epi - benign - intestine like
Placenta previa
Mucinous cystadenoma
Myometrial tumors
Male pseudoHerm

28. What are the four functions of estrogen
Stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibin
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
DCIS
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL

29. Which androgens are responsible for the growth spurt of the penis - seminal vesicles - sperm - muscle - RBCs
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione
Testosterone

30. tumor that fills ductal lumen - arises from ductal hyperplasia - early malignancy without BM penetration
Menometrorrhagia
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Epithelial hyperplasia
DCIS

31. What is a true hermaphrodite
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione
Meigs syndrome
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY

32. What does increasing estrogen do to GnRH receptors on ant pit - and What does this lead to...
Hyperestrogenism
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
51 yo
Relaxation

33. What are the associated risk factors for malignant breast tumors
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Insulin resistance
Inc estrogen - inc total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity
50 times

34. How does endometriosis cause infertility
Prior c section - multiparity
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids

35. What are the risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor

36. What does progesterone do to body temp
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
One of the centrioles
Increase
Ectopic preg

37. Which ligament is the derivative of the gubernaculum and travels through the inguinal canal
Just prior to ovulation
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage
In the 6th decade of life
Round ligament of the uterus

38. What pathologic states cause increases in hCG
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta

39. histo: simple columnar epithelium
PCOS
Endocervix
Malignant in males not in females
Ectopic preg

40. common cause of recurrent miscarriage in 1st trimester
Preeclampsia clinical
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity
Chromosomal abnormalities

41. defective decidual later allows placenta to attach to myometrium - massive bleeding after delivery
Placenta acreta
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
Phyllodes tumor
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes

42. What is associated with sclerosing adenosis?
Calcifications
Down regulation
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
Production of a thick cervical mucus

43. What substances other than inhibin do sertoli cells produce?
Endometrial carcinoma
PCOS
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone
Increase (and LH)

44. dx with decreased testosterone - increased LH
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
Intraductal papilloma
Posterior lobe peripheral zone
Primary hypogonadism

45. What do sildenafil and vardenafil do?
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Inhibit cGMP breakdown
One of the centrioles

46. What hormones regulate sperm creation?
Testicular lymphoma
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
Just prior to ovulation
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor

47. Where is testosterone secreted into?
Sertoli cells
The semiT and the blood vessels
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Male pseudoHerm

48. tumor is ductal with caseous necrosis
Comedocarcinoma
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
PANS - pelvic nerve
Primary hypogonadism

49. What common valvular abnormality is common in Turner's
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Invasive ductal
Aortic bicuspid valve
Tunica vaginalis lesions

50. Benign - looks like bladder
Defective androgen receptor
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Brenner tumor
Increased FSH