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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. what metabolic disorder is assocaited with PCOS
Endometriosis
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Choriocarcinoma
Insulin resistance

2. What are the treatments for BPH
Left gonadal vein - left renal vein - IVC
Maintenance
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride

3. What is the average age of onset for menopause
51 yo
Testosterone
Round ligament of uterus
Fertilization 'an egg met a sperm'

4. What does progesterone do to smooth muscle in the uterus
No
Fibromas
Relaxation
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen

5. dilated vein in pampiniform plexus - bag of worms
Axillary node involvement
Varicocele
Hyperestrogenism
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria

6. < 21 day cycle
In the 6th decade of life
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2
Polymenorrhea

7. breast path - diseases of the terminal duct
Cardinal ligament
Preeclampsia clinical
Oligomenorrhea
Tubular carcinoma

8. What are the four functions of estrogen
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL
PANS - pelvic nerve
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride
Feedback inhibition

9. What is the genetic material in the primary oocyte?
Inhibit cGMP breakdown
Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Paget's disease

10. Is fertility compromised in double Y males?
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
Invasive lobular
Blacks
No

11. 90% of ovarian germ cells tumors - contains cells from 2 or 3 germ layers
Teratoma
Choriocarcinoma
Defective androgen receptor
Oligomenorrhea

12. What forms the blood testis barrier?
Post menopausal
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids

13. What complications are associated with polyhydramnios

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14. GI malignancy that metastasizes to ovaries causing a mucin secreting signet cell adenocarcinoma
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Krukenburg tumor
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
Peyronie's dz

15. breast path - diseases of the lactiferous sinus
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Meigs syndrome
Endocervix
Tight junctions between sertoli cells

16. What is the order of events in the menstrual cycle
Kallman
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
55-65
Upregulation

17. What are the pathologic features of leiosarcoma
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Preeclampsia + siezures
Brenner tumor

18. Which androgen is responsible for the deepening of the voice
Testosterone
PANS - pelvic nerve
Fructose
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA

19. vaginal carcinoma affecting girls < 4 spindle shaped tumors cells that are desmin positive
Klinefelter's - XXY
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant
Myometrial tumors

20. histo: simple columnar epithelium
Fructose
Koilocytitic
Endocervix
Increase (and LH)

21. What increases risk for endometrial carcinoma
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
1 week - 2 weeks
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa

22. eclampsia
Primary hypogonadism
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
Preeclampsia + siezures
Estradiol

23. What is the most frequent benign ovarian tumor
Brenner tumor
Decrease
Mature teratoma
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant

24. hyperandrogenism due to deranged steroid synthesis by theca cells - inc LH leading to anovulation
Testosterone
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
PCOS
Serous cystadenoma

25. What is the genetic material in the secondary oocyte?
Increased FSH
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
Testosterone

26. What does the histo show for prostate cancer
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa
Post menopausal bleeding

27. What complications are associated with oligohydramnios

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28. When is the peak occurrence of leiomyoma
20 to 40
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Estradiol > estrone > estriol

29. What is a potential complication of endometrial hyperplasia
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Endometrial carcinoma
Preeclampsia + siezures
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli

30. dx with decreased testosterone and decreased LH
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids
During fetal life
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility

31. blood from ruptured follicle causing peritoneal irritation that can mimic appendicitis
Mittelschmerz syndrome
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
E coli
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile

32. histo: simple columnar epithelium - pseudostratified tubular glands
Increase
Uterus
Round ligament of the uterus
Inhibit cGMP breakdown

33. testicular atrophy - eunochoid body shape - tall - long extremities - gynecomastia - inactivated X chromosome - dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules - decreased inhibin - abnormal leydig cell function

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34. what bacteria is commone in acute prostatitis
Phyllodes tumor
E coli
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff

35. How many functional sperm does 1 germ cell creat?
4
Golgi
Oligomenorrhea
Decrease

36. common cause of recurrent miscarriage in 1st trimester
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
Chromosomal abnormalities
Testosterone
Peripheral adipose tissue

37. malignant - painless homogenous testicular enlargement - most common testicular tumor - affecting males ages 15 to 3 - large cells in lobules with watery cytoplasm and a 'fried egg' appearnace
Seminoma
Broad ligament
Production of a thick cervical mucus
Inhibit FSH

38. What does inhibin do?
Inhibit FSH
Low progesterone
Uterus
Koilocytitic

39. What are causes of female pseudoHerm
Meigs syndrome
Decrease
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids

40. histo: simple cuboidal epithelium
Ovary
Invasive ductal
Call exner bodies
Peyronie's dz

41. 20% of ovarian tumors - benign - lined with fallopian tube like epithelium
Serous cystadenoma
5 alpha reductase def
Menometrorrhagia
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery

42. What is the expected increase of estradiol and estrone in pregnancy
Inhibition LH and FSH
Brenner tumor
50 times
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?

43. What does SEVEN Up stand for in regards to the pathway of sperm
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis

44. What percentage of testicular tumors are germ cell
95%
Peripheral adipose tissue
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
BPH

45. How is beta hCG detectable in blood or urine for a home pregnancy test
Increase
Prior c section - multiparity
1 week - 2 weeks
Primary hypogonadism

46. What is the serum marker for BPH
Squamo - columnar jxn
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
PSA

47. tumor with orderly row of cells - often multiple and bilateral
Invasive lobular
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells

48. What is the most common gynecologic malignancy
Adenomyosis
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
Female pseudoHerm
Endometrial carcinoma

49. How many days after fertilization does implantation occur?
Delivery of fetus
6
Yolk sac - endodermal sinus - tumor
Ligament of the ovary

50. can present as precocious puberty in kids - can cause endometrial hyperplasia/carinoma in adults - abnormal uterine bleeding
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Preductal coarctication
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Granulosa cell tumor