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Reproductive

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In what phase is meiosis I arrested
Tubular carcinoma
Inhibition of HCG access
Leydig cell tumor
Prophase

2. dx with increased testosterone and dec LH
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Female pseudoHerm
Fallopian tube

3. What complications are associated with polyhydramnios

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4. Why does the skin resemble an orange peel in inflammatory type of maligantn breast tumor
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Endocervix
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage

5. What are predisposing factors for placenta previa
Koilocytitic
Myometrial tumors
Choriocarcinoma
Prior c section - multiparity

6. testes present with non male external genitals
Male pseudoHerm
Low progesterone
Krukenburg tumor
Mimics LH

7. benign painless lump - forms as a result of injury to breast tissue - possible history of trauma
Kallman
Corpus luteum cyst
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Fat necrosis

8. What is the most common cause of breast lumps from age 25 to menopause
Fibrocystic disease
Axillary node involvement
Ligament of the ovary
Decreasing progesterone

9. when do primary oocytes complete meiosis I
Dysgerminoma
Brenner tumor
Just prior to ovulation
Left

10. How does exogenous testosterone create azoospermia
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction
Inhibition of HCG access
Post menopausal
Inflammatory

11. What is a true hermaphrodite
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
Increased FSH
Invasive lobular

12. dx with increased testosterone and inc LH
2nd week of proliferative phase
Defective androgen receptor
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage

13. connects cervix to side wall of pelvis - contains uterine vessels
Oligomenorrhea
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole
Fertilization 'an egg met a sperm'
Cardinal ligament

14. defective decidual later allows placenta to attach to myometrium - massive bleeding after delivery
E coli
Klinefelter's - XXY
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Placenta acreta

15. What increase in estriol is an indicator offetal well being in pregnancy
Placenta acreta
Inhibition LH and FSH
1000 times
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage

16. What common valvular abnormality is common in Turner's
Aortic bicuspid valve
One of the centrioles
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor
Chocolate cyst

17. Which hydatidiform mole has the greater risk for malignancy
Complete
Hyperestrogenism
Good - late metastasis
Right gonadal vein - IVC

18. Which cells secrete beta hCG
Choriocarcinoma
Trophoblasts
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone

19. What is the treatment for preeclampsia
Delivery of fetus
During fetal life
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Inhibit cGMP breakdown

20. distention of unruptured graafian follicle
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Follicular cyst

21. >1.5 -2 L of amniotic fluid
Choriocarcinoma
Testicular lymphoma
Polyhydramnios
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase

22. Which androgen is responsible for the closing of the epiphyseal plate
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Testosterone
Medullary

23. What is a complication of cryptorchidism and why does it occur
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)

24. List the estrogens in order of decreasing potency
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
Testosterone
Estradiol > estrone > estriol

25. testicular masses that can be transilluminated
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Fructose
Dysgerminoma
Hydatidiform mole

26. tumor that fills ductal lumen - arises from ductal hyperplasia - early malignancy without BM penetration
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
DCIS
Post menopausal

27. What does FSH do
Complete
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibin

28. What stimulation after labor induces lactation
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Decreasing progesterone
Testicular lymphoma
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ of penis

29. malignant - painful - often glandular/papillary morphology testicular germ cell tumor that can differentiate into other tumors
BPH
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Defective androgen receptor
Embryonal carcinoma

30. What are the four functions of estrogen
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs
Invasive lobular
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL

31. Risk factors for ectopic pregs
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery
Tubular carcinoma
Fat necrosis
In the 6th decade of life

32. Which system and nerve allow for erection in the male?
Malignant in males not in females
1000 times
PANS - pelvic nerve
Teratoma

33. What is the source of estrogen after menopause
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity
Peripheral conversion of androgens
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors

34. pain with or without bleeding - inc in hCG - sudden lower abdominal pain - mistaken for appendicitis
No
The semiT and the blood vessels
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
Ectopic preg

35. histo: simple cuboidal epithelium
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
Defective androgen receptor
Hyperestrogenism
Ovary

36. When is the peak occurrence of leiomyoma
Mimics LH
Complete
20 to 40
Myometrial invasion

37. malignancy in ovaries - testis - sacrococcygeal area of young children - yellow friable solid masses with 50% having schiller - duval bodies
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Oligomenorrhea
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome

38. What does progesterone do to estrogen receptors
Down regulation
Endometriosis
2nd week of proliferative phase
Krukenburg tumor

39. Prevention of seizures and in preeclampsia
Inhibit FSH
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
Granulosa cell tumor
PSA

40. What does inhibin do?
No
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Inhibit FSH
Uterus

41. small breast tumor that grows in lactiferous ducts - typically beneath the areola with serous or bloody nipple discharge
Fibrosis
Uterus
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection
Intraductal papilloma

42. What is the pattern seen in leiomyoma
Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles
Turner's XO
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
Myometrial invasion

43. hyperandrogenism due to deranged steroid synthesis by theca cells - inc LH leading to anovulation
Paget cell
4
PCOS
Choriocarcinoma

44. Which androgen is responsible for the deepening of the voice
Seminoma
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Testosterone
Post menopausal bleeding

45. What do sildenafil and vardenafil do?
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
Complete
Inhibit cGMP breakdown
4

46. What does estrogen stimulate in the endometrium
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ of penis
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Proliferation
Bicornute uterus

47. What is indicative of a poor prognosis for endometrial carcinoma
Endocervix
Myometrial invasion
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY

48. What is a potential complication of endometrial hyperplasia
Placenta previa
Low progesterone
Endometrial carcinoma
Myometrial tumors

49. GI malignancy that metastasizes to ovaries causing a mucin secreting signet cell adenocarcinoma
Krukenburg tumor
Left gonadal vein - left renal vein - IVC
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione
Kallman

50. large cells in epidermis with clear halo
Hydatidiform mole
Paget cell
DIC
2nd week of proliferative phase