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Reproductive

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. What is a complication of cryptorchidism and why does it occur
Mature teratoma
Paget's disease
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Serous cystadenoma

2. malignancy in ovaries - testis - sacrococcygeal area of young children - yellow friable solid masses with 50% having schiller - duval bodies
Endocervix
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids
Cardinal ligament
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor

3. How does endometrial hyperplasia manifest clinically
Theca - leutin cysts
Post menopausal bleeding
Phyllodes tumor
Cervix

4. what structures supplies the energy to the middle piece (neck)
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Round ligament of uterus
Fertilization 'an egg met a sperm'
Mitochondria

5. Multiple papular lesions on the penis - affects younger age group - usually does not become invasive
Relaxation
Preeclampsia + siezures
Testosterone
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis

6. inc AFP - schiller duvel bodies - yellow mucinous
Chromosomal abnormalities
Estradiol
Yolk sac - endodermal sinus - tumor
Defective androgen receptor

7. histologic type of fibrocystic with hyperplasia of breast stroma
Fibrosis
Polymenorrhea
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain

8. What are the most common cause of anovluation

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9. What common valvular abnormality is common in Turner's
Aortic bicuspid valve
E coli
1 week - 2 weeks
Leydig cell tumor

10. What are the treatments for PCOS
Peripheral conversion of androgens
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Abruptio placentae
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast

11. What is the most common pathogen in acute mastitis
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
S aureus
Post menopausal
Smoking - HTN - cocaine

12. disagreement between the phenotypic and gonadal sex
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal
Increase (and LH)
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Pseudohermaphroditism

13. breast path - diseases of the stroma
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
Menopause
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor

14. What are the treatments for BPH
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Ligament of the ovary
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids

15. androblastoma from sex cord stroma
Fructose
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs
Sertoli cell tumor
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells

16. Arrange the androgens in order of most potent to least potent
Krukenburg tumor
Hemorrhage
Peripheral conversion of androgens
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione

17. in males - are mature teratomas malignant? What is the case for females
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Malignant in males not in females
Fibrocystic disease
Upregulation

18. dilated vein in pampiniform plexus - bag of worms
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
Varicocele
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
Estradiol

19. In what phase is meiosis I arrested
No
Prophase
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
Abacterial

20. hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum
Placenta acreta
Corpus luteum cyst
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)

21. cystic swelling of chorionic villi and proliferation of chorionic epithelium that presents with abnormal vaginal bleeding
Hydatidiform mole
Puberty
Increase (and LH)
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse

22. What is the single most important prognostic factor for malignant breast tumors
Mimics LH
69 xxy
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
Axillary node involvement

23. Benign - looks like bladder
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
Fibrocystic disease
Brenner tumor
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction

24. breast path - diseases of the lactiferous sinus
51 yo
Fibromas
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis

25. tumor with firm fibrous - 'rock hard' mass with sharp margins and small glandular duct like cells - worst prognosis and most common
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
Acute mastitis
Teratoma
Invasive ductal

26. How long does it take for sperm to fully develop
Squamous cell carcinoma
2 months
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione

27. premature detachment of placenta from implantation site leading to fetal death
Follicular cyst
Down regulation
DIC
Abruptio placentae

28. What does progesterone do to estrogen receptors
Increased FSH
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Down regulation

29. Where does FSH work - what enzyme works there - what substrate comes in and what leaves
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage
Puberty
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Inhibition of HCG access

30. headache - blurred vision - abdominal pain - edema of face and extremeties - altered mentation - hyperreflexia in pregnancy
Preeclampsia clinical
S aureus
Endometriosis
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation

31. What are risk factors for abruptio placentae?
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
Left gonadal vein - left renal vein - IVC
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis
One of the centrioles

32. histo: simple cuboidal epithelium
Ovary
Preeclampsia clinical
Testosterone
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity

33. GI malignancy that metastasizes to ovaries causing a mucin secreting signet cell adenocarcinoma
Leydig cell tumor
Corpus luteum cyst
Krukenburg tumor
Epithelial hyperplasia

34. What does the histo show for prostate cancer
Down regulation
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
95%
The semiT and the blood vessels

35. What is HELLP syndrome
51 yo
Bicornute uterus
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione

36. How many functional sperm does 1 germ cell creat?
Testicular lymphoma
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
4
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis

37. What is the lymphatic drainage of the proximal 2/3 of the vagina/uterus
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Mimics LH
Choriocarcinoma
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes

38. What do sildenafil and vardenafil do?
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
The centrioles
Inhibit cGMP breakdown
Estradiol

39. How is dyslpasi and carcinoma in situ of the cervix classified
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione
Inc risk for carcinoma

40. How does exogenous testosterone create azoospermia
Koilocytitic
Myometrial tumors
Abruptio placentae
Inhibition of HCG access

41. inc fluid secondary to incomplete fustion with processus vaginalis
Maintenance
Brenner tumor
Granulosa cell tumor
Hydrocele

42. Overexpression of which receptors is common iwht malignant breast tumors
BPH
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur

43. breast path - diseases of the major duct
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Hyperestrogenism
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
Testosterone

44. What is DHT responsible for in early development?
Inhibit FSH
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
Post menopausal bleeding

45. how does BPH present
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis

46. < 21 day cycle
Polymenorrhea
Suckling - inc oxytocin - prolactin
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
69 xxy

47. Which gynecologic tumors have the worst prognosis?
Preeclampsia + siezures
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility
Inhibit cGMP breakdown

48. Which side is varicocele more common on...
Increased FSH
6
Left
95%

49. What pathologic states cause increases in hCG
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors

50. Where is the enlargement found in BPH
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Smooth muscle
Female pseudoHerm

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Reproductive

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