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Reproductive

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1. how can struma ovarri present?
Call exner bodies
Hyperestrogenism
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial

2. What is a complication of cryptorchidism and why does it occur
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Endometriosis

3. Which androgen is responsible for libido
Complete
4
Bicornute uterus
Testosterone

4. what usually causes endometrial hyperplasia
Squamous cell carcinoma
Menopause
Estrogen overstimulation
Complete

5. histo: stratified sqamous epithelium
Ectocervix
Delivery of fetus
Left gonadal vein - left renal vein - IVC
Estrogen overstimulation

6. What is the presentation of fibrocystic dz
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
Abacterial

7. What is the flaggelum derived from
Post menopausal
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
One of the centrioles
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs

8. increases in which hormone are associated with BPH
Mature teratoma
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Down regulation
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase

9. what metabolic disorder is assocaited with PCOS
Follicular cyst
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
Adrenal gland
Insulin resistance

10. What is the number 1 risk factor for cervical dysplasia or carcinoma in situ
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse
6
Choriocarcinoma

11. large - hyperchromatic syncytiotrophoblasts cells - inc freq theca leutin cysts - develops during pregnancy in mom or baby - marked by hCG
Good - late metastasis
Mucinous cystadenoma
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole
Choriocarcinoma

12. What does estrogen to do prolaction
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function

13. What hormones regulate sperm creation?
No
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
Chromosomal abnormalities
Malignant in males not in females

14. What is hydatidiform mole and precurosor of...
Choriocarcinoma
Inc size and tenderness with inc estrogen
Inc risk for carcinoma
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile

15. Which ligament is the derivative of the gubernaculum and travels through the inguinal canal
Hemorrhage
Round ligament of the uterus
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
Myometrial invasion

16. What is mortality due to in preeclampsia
Primary hypogonadism
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Blacks

17. What common valvular abnormality is common in Turner's
Complete
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
Aortic bicuspid valve
Estradiol > estrone > estriol

18. A leimyoma is overgrowth of what cell
Smooth muscle
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
Metaphase

19. Which system and nerve allow for erection in the male?
Call exner bodies
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
PANS - pelvic nerve
Mature teratoma

20. When does the secondary oocyte complete meosis II

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21. What does inhibin do?
Mittelschmerz syndrome
95%
Inhibit FSH
Fallopian tube

22. non neoplastic endometrial glands/stroma in abnormal locations outsdie the uterus
1 week - 2 weeks
S aureus
Hydrocele
Endometriosis

23. pain with or without bleeding - inc in hCG - sudden lower abdominal pain - mistaken for appendicitis
Inhibition LH and FSH
Ectopic preg
1 week - 2 weeks
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids

24. Which system and nerve are responsible for emission
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
55-65
Spermatogonia (germ cells)

25. Benign - looks like bladder
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
The centrioles
Brenner tumor
Smooth muscle

26. How many functional sperm does 1 germ cell creat?
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
Abruptio placentae
4
Corpus luteum cyst

27. What does progesterone do to smooth muscle in the uterus
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids
Mature teratoma
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal
Relaxation

28. defect in androgen receptor resulting in normal appearing female - rudimentry vagina - no uterus or uterine tubes
Para - aortic lymph nodes
PCOS
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY
Tight junctions between sertoli cells

29. What is the genetic material in the ovum
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids

30. small breast tumor that grows in lactiferous ducts - typically beneath the areola with serous or bloody nipple discharge
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction
Kallman
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
Intraductal papilloma

31. hyperandrogenism due to deranged steroid synthesis by theca cells - inc LH leading to anovulation
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
PCOS
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility

32. Where does prostatic adenocarcinoma arise from?
Hydatidiform mole
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
Posterior lobe peripheral zone
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone

33. What are the treatments for PCOS
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
Female pseudoHerm
Proliferation

34. Where is the enlargement found in BPH
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
Suspensory ligament of ovaries

35. What is a true hermaphrodite
Axillary node involvement
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis
In the 6th decade of life

36. In What age group are ovarian germ cell tumors most common
No
51 yo
Adolescents
Ectocervix

37. common cause of recurrent miscarriage in the 1st week
Low progesterone
Left
Hydrocele
Chromosomal abnormalities

38. What is the pattern seen in leiomyoma
Follicular cyst
Call exner bodies
Chromosomal abnormalities
Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles

39. breast path - diseases of the lactiferous sinus
S aureus
Sertoli cells
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
In the 6th decade of life

40. How long does it take for sperm to fully develop
2 months
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride
Testis determining factor
Inc AFP and hCG

41. Where is testosterone converted to estrogen
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
50 times
Menopause
Paget's disease - breast abscess

42. ovaries plus virilized external genitalia due to excessive and inappropriate exposure to androgenic steroids during early gestation
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?
Myometrial invasion
PSA
Female pseudoHerm

43. Testosterone and estrogen in androgen insensitivity syndrome
Increase (and LH)
Posterior lobe peripheral zone
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast

44. Uterin fundus to labia majora
Theca - leutin cysts
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Paget's disease
Round ligament of uterus

45. How many days after fertilization does implantation occur?
Paget's disease - breast abscess
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Myometrial invasion
6

46. What is the common presentation of metastasis in prostate cancer
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
Golgi
6
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos

47. How does exogenous testosterone create azoospermia
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
Inhibition of HCG access
Defective androgen receptor
Granulosa cell tumor

48. dx with decreased testosterone - increased LH
1 week - 2 weeks
Epithelial hyperplasia
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Primary hypogonadism

49. What does gynecomastia result from?
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
Increase
Choriocarcinoma
Hyperestrogenism

50. Wher does dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the cervix usually begin
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
5 alpha reductase def
Squamo - columnar jxn
Paget's disease

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Reproductive

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