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Reproductive

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1. breast path - diseases of the major duct
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Paget's disease - breast abscess
Myometrial invasion
Just prior to ovulation

2. Which cells line the seminiferous tubules and maintain germ pool and produce primary spermatocytes
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility
Cardinal ligament
Serous cystadenoma
Spermatogonia (germ cells)

3. 2 sperm + empty egg
Complete
Phyllodes tumor
Increase (and LH)
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction

4. Which cells line the seminiferous tubules and secrete inhibin
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Sertoli cells
5 alpha reductase def
Preeclampsia + siezures

5. What complications are associated with polyhydramnios

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6. What stimulation after labor induces lactation
Decreasing progesterone
Trophoblasts
Testis determining factor
Mittelschmerz syndrome

7. What effect does NO have on smooth muscle in erectile tissues
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
Peripheral adipose tissue
The semiT and the blood vessels
Spermatocele

8. In what phase is meiosis II arrested
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal
Metaphase
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Leydig cell tumor

9. From What tissues to malignant breast tumors arise?
Immature
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
The centrioles
17beta estradiol

10. What virus is dyslapsia and carcinoma in situ of the cervix associated with
Decrease
Calcifications
BPH
HPV 16 - 18

11. testicular atrophy - eunochoid body shape - tall - long extremities - gynecomastia - inactivated X chromosome - dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules - decreased inhibin - abnormal leydig cell function

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12. Endometriosis is characterized By what clinical picture?
Down regulation
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility
Mitochondria

13. Which phase varies and in length and Which is usually 14 days (menstrual cycle)
Inhibition LH and FSH
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
Granulosa cell tumor

14. Where is the enlargement found in BPH
51 yo
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction

15. What is the genetic material in the primary oocyte?
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant
Hyperestrogenism
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Testosterone

16. What does inhibin do?
Inhibit FSH
2nd week of proliferative phase
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
Kallman

17. headache - blurred vision - abdominal pain - edema of face and extremeties - altered mentation - hyperreflexia in pregnancy
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis
Adolescents
Preeclampsia clinical
Phyllodes tumor

18. Where does prostatic adenocarcinoma arise from?
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Posterior lobe peripheral zone
6

19. connects cervix to side wall of pelvis - contains uterine vessels
Cardinal ligament
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Malignant in males not in females
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA

20. disagreement between the phenotypic and gonadal sex
Inhibit FSH
Upregulation
Peripheral conversion of androgens
Pseudohermaphroditism

21. What changes in the aorta are common in Turner's?
Golgi
46 xx
Preductal coarctication
Blacks

22. Is fertility compromised in double Y males?
Acute mastitis
Corpus luteum cyst
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
No

23. Which androgen is responsible for libido
Testosterone
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
4

24. Which gynecologic tumors have the worst prognosis?
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
95%

25. What complications are associated with oligohydramnios

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26. 2 sperm + 1 egg
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Partial
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)

27. non neoplastic endometrial glands/stroma in abnormal locations outsdie the uterus
Hemorrhage
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Endometriosis

28. What are the most common tumors in all females?
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione
Myometrial tumors
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation

29. In what phase is meiosis I arrested
Mitochondria
Oligohydramnios
Epithelial hyperplasia
Prophase

30. histo: stratified sqamous epithelium
Inhibition of HCG access
Ectocervix
Squamo - columnar jxn
Embryonal carcinoma

31. decreased estrogen - inc FSH - LH - signs of menopause after puberty but before 40
HPV 16 - 18
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)

32. Connects ovary to lateral uterus
Ligament of the ovary
2nd week of proliferative phase
Good - late metastasis
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands

33. When is follicular growth the fastest?
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Granulosa cell tumor
2nd week of proliferative phase
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs

34. What are the associated risk factors for malignant breast tumors
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Inc estrogen - inc total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity

35. What do leydig cells secrete?
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Testosterone
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids

36. What is the most common form of male pseudoHerm
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
Polymenorrhea
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly

37. histo: simple columnar epithelium - ciliated
Fallopian tube
Inc size and tenderness with inc estrogen
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile

38. What is the venous drainage of the left ovary/testis?
Pseudohermaphroditism
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride
Left gonadal vein - left renal vein - IVC
Squamo - columnar jxn

39. What converts testosterone to DHT
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Polymenorrhea
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride
Varicocele

40. What is HELLP syndrome
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
In the 6th decade of life
Theca - leutin cysts

41. multilocular cyst lined by mucus secreting epi - benign - intestine like
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage
Prior c section - multiparity
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
Mucinous cystadenoma

42. What is the typical cell change in HPV infection
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
Koilocytitic
2nd week of proliferative phase
No

43. dx with increased testosterone and inc LH
Uterus
Defective androgen receptor
No
Squamo - columnar jxn

44. What is DHT responsible for in late development
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole

45. What serum markers are associated with embyronal carcinoma
Invasive ductal
Endometriosis
Inc AFP and hCG
Malignant in males not in females

46. What is the expected increase of estradiol and estrone in pregnancy
46 xx
Testosterone
50 times
Myometrial invasion

47. breast path - diseases of the lactiferous sinus
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Preeclampsia
Inc estrogen - inc total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity
Fallopian tube

48. What is the main source of energy for spermatozoa
Placenta previa
Blacks
Serous cystadenoma
Fructose

49. 90% of ovarian germ cells tumors - contains cells from 2 or 3 germ layers
Delivery of fetus
Teratoma
Just prior to ovulation
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione

50. What are the treatments for PCOS
Complete
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse
Good - late metastasis

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Reproductive

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