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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the presentation of fibrocystic dz
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
Peripheral adipose tissue
Sertoli cells
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen

2. what structures supplies the energy to the middle piece (neck)
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Mitochondria
50 times
Epithelial hyperplasia

3. >1.5 -2 L of amniotic fluid
Endometrial carcinoma
Ligament of the ovary
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Polyhydramnios

4. Why does the skin resemble an orange peel in inflammatory type of maligantn breast tumor
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor
95%
Fibrosis
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage

5. How does progesterone inhibit sperm entry to uterus
Production of a thick cervical mucus
Mittelschmerz syndrome
Hemorrhage
Medullary

6. histo: stratified squamous epithelium - nonkeratinized
Defective androgen receptor
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Vagina
Follicular cyst

7. Which ligament is the derivative of the gubernaculum and travels through the inguinal canal
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Round ligament of the uterus
Testis determining factor
6

8. histological subtype of fibrocystic with inc number of epithelial cell lauers in terminal duct lobule - women over 30
Uterus
Yolk sac - endodermal sinus - tumor
Prior c section - multiparity
Epithelial hyperplasia

9. What are causes of female pseudoHerm
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids
Hemorrhage

10. What complications are associated with polyhydramnios

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11. Which side is varicocele more common on...
Left
Comedocarcinoma
Estradiol
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride

12. attachment of palceta to lower uterine segment that may occlude internal os - painless bleeding in any trimester
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Metaphase
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery
Placenta previa

13. Where is the enlargement found in BPH
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Prophase
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)

14. What cellular structure is the acrosome derived from?
Golgi
DCIS
Peripheral adipose tissue
Inc estrogen - inc total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity

15. What can happen with no sertoli cell or lack of anti mullerian hormone
Inc risk for carcinoma
Dysgerminoma
Invasive lobular
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia

16. What are the 4 sources of progesterone
Inc size and tenderness with inc estrogen
No
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
Embryonal carcinoma

17. What is the common presentation of metastasis in prostate cancer
Theca - leutin cysts
55-65
Sertoli cells
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos

18. What is the karyotype of a partial mole
Bicornute uterus
1000 times
69 xxy
51 yo

19. How does endometrial hyperplasia manifest clinically
Post menopausal bleeding
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
Male pseudoHerm
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione

20. What are the most common tumors in all females?
S aureus
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection
Myometrial tumors
6

21. What is the lymphatic drainage of the proximal 2/3 of the vagina/uterus
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant
Puberty
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
Fertilization 'an egg met a sperm'

22. When does spermatogenesis begin?
Axillary node involvement
Down regulation
Hydrocele
Puberty

23. Which androgen is responsible for differentiation of epididymis - vas deferens - seminal vesicles - internal genitalia (except prostate)
Testosterone
Adenomyosis
SANS - hypogastric nerve
One of the centrioles

24. From What tissues to malignant breast tumors arise?
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
Low progesterone

25. What pathologic states cause increases in hCG
Insulin resistance
Production of a thick cervical mucus
46 xx
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors

26. What is a concern of early menopause
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Golgi
Choriocarcinoma

27. What are the pathologic features of leiosarcoma
Left gonadal vein - left renal vein - IVC
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Brenner tumor

28. large - hyperchromatic syncytiotrophoblasts cells - inc freq theca leutin cysts - develops during pregnancy in mom or baby - marked by hCG
Theca - leutin cysts
Aortic bicuspid valve
Choriocarcinoma
Cystic

29. Short stature - ovarian dysgenesis - shield chest - no barr body - webbing of the neck

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30. Bent penis due to acquired fibrous tissue formation

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31. What is the single most important prognostic factor for malignant breast tumors
Cystic
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
51 yo
Axillary node involvement

32. How many functional sperm does 1 germ cell creat?
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
4
1 week - 2 weeks
Increase (and LH)

33. What serum markers are associated with embyronal carcinoma
Inc AFP and hCG
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
PANS - pelvic nerve

34. <0.5 L of amniotic fluid
Post menopausal bleeding
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Oligohydramnios
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa

35. What substances other than inhibin do sertoli cells produce?
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone
Increased FSH

36. Where is androstenedione made?
Leydig cell tumor
Adrenal gland
Sclerosing adenosis
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors

37. What causes preeclampsia
Post menopausal bleeding
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
50 times

38. inc AFP - schiller duvel bodies - yellow mucinous
50 times
Yolk sac - endodermal sinus - tumor
Pseudohermaphroditism
Polyhydramnios

39. tumor with firm fibrous - 'rock hard' mass with sharp margins and small glandular duct like cells - worst prognosis and most common
Invasive ductal
No
Endometrial carcinoma
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism

40. What is the clinical manifestation of PCOS
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
Insulin resistance
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Maintenance

41. What converts testosterone to DHT
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride
Preeclampsia + siezures
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary

42. What is the treatment for hydatidiform mole
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Chocolate cyst

43. eclampsia
Metrorrhagia
Testosterone
Aortic bicuspid valve
Preeclampsia + siezures

44. dx with increased testosterone and inc LH
Inc AFP and hCG
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Defective androgen receptor
Bicornute uterus

45. Between What two phases does the sperm acquire the acrosome - flagellum - and middle piece
Osteoblastic in bone
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery

46. tumor is ductal with caseous necrosis
Comedocarcinoma
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity
55-65
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff

47. breast path - diseases of the terminal duct
Post menopausal bleeding
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Tubular carcinoma
Brenner tumor

48. How is beta hCG detectable in blood or urine for a home pregnancy test
Myometrial tumors
Mimics LH
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
1 week - 2 weeks

49. Where is testosterone converted to estrogen
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Inhibit FSH
Squamo - columnar jxn
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function

50. What does hCG do in the first trimester to maintain the corpus luteum
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant
Prior c section - multiparity
Mimics LH