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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What stimulation after labor induces lactation
Decreasing progesterone
Menometrorrhagia
Phyllodes tumor
Tunica vaginalis lesions

2. What are common causes of hyperestrogenism

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3. frequent bu irregular cycles
Metrorrhagia
Inc AFP and hCG
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse

4. What does HHAVOC stand for in menopause
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
One of the centrioles
Testicular lymphoma

5. What serum markers are associated with embyronal carcinoma
Inc AFP and hCG
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Sclerosing adenosis
Abruptio placentae

6. What estrogen does the placenta secrete
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Estradiol
Testosterone

7. tumor is fleshy - cellular - with a lymphocytic infiltrate - good prognosis
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Medullary
Embryonal carcinoma

8. 50% of ovarian tumors - malignant and frequently bilateral
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Para - aortic lymph nodes
Testosterone
Adolescents

9. dx with increased testosterone and inc LH
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Defective androgen receptor
Paget's disease - breast abscess
Down regulation

10. Where is testosterone converted to estrogen
Hydatidiform mole
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Good - late metastasis
Polymenorrhea

11. What is the genetic material in the primary oocyte?
Varicocele
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Fallopian tube

12. What is the treatment for preeclampsia
Medullary
Delivery of fetus
20 to 40
Decreasing progesterone

13. leiomyoma and leiosarcoma have an increased incidence in which ethnic group
Blacks
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Tight junctions between sertoli cells

14. Which cells line the seminiferous tubules and maintain germ pool and produce primary spermatocytes
Krukenburg tumor
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
Chromosomal abnormalities

15. Large bulky breast mass of connective tissue and cysts with leaf like projections
Phyllodes tumor
Stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibin
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Upregulation

16. tumor with orderly row of cells - often multiple and bilateral
Paget's disease
Invasive lobular
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Chromosomal abnormalities

17. GI malignancy that metastasizes to ovaries causing a mucin secreting signet cell adenocarcinoma
Decreasing progesterone
Krukenburg tumor
Aortic bicuspid valve
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function

18. How long does it take for sperm to fully develop
Klinefelter's - XXY
2 months
Inhibit FSH
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy

19. What converts testosterone to DHT
In the 6th decade of life
Endometrial carcinoma
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride

20. Breast path - disease that occurs at the nipple

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21. inc AFP - schiller duvel bodies - yellow mucinous
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
Yolk sac - endodermal sinus - tumor
2nd week of proliferative phase

22. defective decidual later allows placenta to attach to myometrium - massive bleeding after delivery
Squamo - columnar jxn
Placenta acreta
Blacks
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14

23. What are the risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor
Endometriosis
Endometrial carcinoma

24. premature detachment of placenta from implantation site leading to fetal death
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
Abruptio placentae
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?
Turner's XO

25. What does progesterone do to estrogen receptors
Down regulation
Choriocarcinoma
Menopause
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14

26. 2 sperm + empty egg
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole
Complete
Varicocele
Inhibition of HCG access

27. How is beta hCG detectable in blood or urine for a home pregnancy test
Menometrorrhagia
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome
1 week - 2 weeks
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)

28. What is a concern of early menopause
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Vagina

29. What are the four functions of estrogen
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL

30. What is the expected increase of estradiol and estrone in pregnancy
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
50 times
Fallopian tube
Broad ligament

31. How is prostatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed
Metrorrhagia
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria

32. What is a complication of cryptorchidism and why does it occur
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Preeclampsia
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure

33. decreased estrogen production due to age linked decline in the number of ovarian follices
Acute mastitis
Menopause
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial
Vagina

34. What is associated with sclerosing adenosis?
Calcifications
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Trophoblasts
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions

35. Why does the skin resemble an orange peel in inflammatory type of maligantn breast tumor
Call exner bodies
Mucinous cystadenoma
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate

36. inability to convert testosterone to DHT - limited to genetic males - penis at 12
5 alpha reductase def
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Just prior to ovulation

37. Connects uterus - fallopian tubes and ovaries to pelvic side wall - contains ovaries - fallapian tubes - and round ligaments of uterus
Fructose
Peyronie's dz
Broad ligament
Left

38. A leimyoma is overgrowth of what cell
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Good - late metastasis
Smooth muscle
Metaphase

39. What are risk factors for abruptio placentae?
Broad ligament
Axillary node involvement
In the 6th decade of life
Smoking - HTN - cocaine

40. What is hydatidiform mole and precurosor of...
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal
Cystic
Preductal coarctication
Choriocarcinoma

41. Where is the enlargement found in BPH
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione
Sertoli cell tumor

42. histologic type of fibrocystic with hyperplasia of breast stroma
Fibrosis
Invasive ductal
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone

43. hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum
Fibromas
BPH
Uterus
Corpus luteum cyst

44. How many functional sperm does 1 germ cell creat?
Puberty
Testosterone
4
46 xx

45. Which cells secrete beta hCG
Spermatocele
Trophoblasts
Choriocarcinoma
Relaxation

46. Which system and nerve are responsible for emission
Acute mastitis
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Medullary
1 week - 2 weeks

47. headache - blurred vision - abdominal pain - edema of face and extremeties - altered mentation - hyperreflexia in pregnancy
46 xx
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
Preeclampsia clinical
Broad ligament

48. < 21 day cycle
Inhibit cGMP breakdown
Polymenorrhea
Complete
Metaphase

49. What is the lymphatic drainage of the distal 1/3 of the vagina/scrotum/vulva
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
Cervix
55-65
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

50. is fibroadenoma a precursor to breast cancer
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Cervix
No
Aortic bicuspid valve