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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the most common cause of anovluation

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2. When is the peak occurrence of leiomyoma
2 months
Prophase
20 to 40
Post menopausal bleeding

3. what stimulation is required to maintain milk production and What is the pathway
Suckling - inc oxytocin - prolactin
Preeclampsia
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Cardinal ligament

4. hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum
PANS - pelvic nerve
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Abacterial
Corpus luteum cyst

5. What is the source of estrogen after menopause
Paget's disease
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Turner's XO
Peripheral conversion of androgens

6. gynecological tumors from highest incidence to lowest
Feedback inhibition
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
1000 times
Adenomyosis

7. breast path - diseases of the stroma
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
5 alpha reductase def
Complete
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione

8. histo: stratified squamous epithelium - nonkeratinized
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids
Axillary node involvement
Paget's disease
Vagina

9. What is a potential complication of endometrial hyperplasia
Testosterone
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
Endometrial carcinoma
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision

10. Where is androstenedione made?
Dysgerminoma
Complete
Adrenal gland
Mittelschmerz syndrome

11. dx with increased testosterone and inc LH
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Preeclampsia clinical
Defective androgen receptor
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ of penis

12. distention of unruptured graafian follicle
Inhibit FSH
Follicular cyst
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
PANS - pelvic nerve

13. What is the prognosis for seminoma
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta
Prior c section - multiparity
Good - late metastasis
17beta estradiol

14. Invasive carcinoma of the cervix is usually caused By what kind of malignancy
Golgi
2 months
Squamous cell carcinoma
Fallopian tube

15. blood from ruptured follicle causing peritoneal irritation that can mimic appendicitis
Varicocele
Testosterone
Decrease
Mittelschmerz syndrome

16. What does estrogen do to estrogen - LH and progesterone recepotrs
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione
Upregulation
Testicular lymphoma
Menopause

17. What does inhibin do?
Inhibit FSH
Increased FSH
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Abruptio placentae

18. multilocular cyst lined by mucus secreting epi - benign - intestine like
Mucinous cystadenoma
Testosterone
Smooth muscle
Trophoblasts

19. Which phase varies and in length and Which is usually 14 days (menstrual cycle)
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
Testosterone
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Serous cystadenoma

20. Breast path - disease that occurs at the nipple

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21. What are the treatments for PCOS
Inflammatory
Pseudohermaphroditism
Testosterone
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery

22. What does the tail go onto to form
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
The centrioles
Good - late metastasis
Squamo - columnar jxn

23. How does progesterone inhibit sperm entry to uterus
Production of a thick cervical mucus
Primary hypogonadism
DIC
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation

24. Testosterone and estrogen in androgen insensitivity syndrome
Increase (and LH)
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands

25. can present as precocious puberty in kids - can cause endometrial hyperplasia/carinoma in adults - abnormal uterine bleeding
17beta estradiol
Granulosa cell tumor
Testosterone
Mature teratoma

26. How does endometriosis cause infertility
Placenta acreta
Inc AFP and hCG
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection

27. Which androgen is responsible for the deepening of the voice
Preeclampsia
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione
Testosterone
Insulin resistance

28. How is beta hCG detectable in blood or urine for a home pregnancy test
1 week - 2 weeks
Immature
Insulin resistance
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids

29. How is dyslpasi and carcinoma in situ of the cervix classified
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
Male pseudoHerm
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure

30. What is the most common cause of breast lumps from age 25 to menopause
Brenner tumor
Inhibit cGMP breakdown
Fibrocystic disease
No

31. Is fertility compromised in double Y males?
No
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
Dysgerminoma
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia

32. histo: simple columnar epithelium - pseudostratified tubular glands
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
Phyllodes tumor
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2
Uterus

33. What is the right venous drainage of the ovary/testis
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Embryonal carcinoma
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Varicocele

34. What does progesterone do in the endometrium
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
Adenomyosis
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
Maintenance

35. In what phase is meiosis II arrested
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
Metaphase
Yolk sac - endodermal sinus - tumor
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial

36. Which androgen is responsible for libido
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
Testosterone
46 xx
Myometrial tumors

37. Where does LH work - what enzyme works there and what product is secreted
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Choriocarcinoma

38. testicular masses that can be transilluminated
50 times
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
Tunica vaginalis lesions

39. What does progesterone do for pregnancy
Prematurity
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Maintenance
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff

40. is fibroadenoma a precursor to breast cancer
Varicocele
46 xx
Low progesterone
No

41. Connects uterus - fallopian tubes and ovaries to pelvic side wall - contains ovaries - fallapian tubes - and round ligaments of uterus
Female pseudoHerm
Broad ligament
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Cervix

42. What is the common presentation of metastasis in prostate cancer
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
Polymenorrhea
Peyronie's dz

43. breast path - diseeases of the lobules
Low progesterone
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis

44. What changes in the aorta are common in Turner's?
4
Kallman
Preductal coarctication
Just prior to ovulation

45. What is the single most important prognostic factor for malignant breast tumors
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
20 to 40
Axillary node involvement
Dysgerminoma

46. frequent bu irregular cycles
6
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Metrorrhagia

47. When does endometiral carcinoma usually occur
Testis determining factor
55-65
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis
Leydig cell tumor

48. 20% of ovarian tumors - benign - lined with fallopian tube like epithelium
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Comedocarcinoma
Serous cystadenoma
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL

49. Which teratoma - mature or immature - is aggresively malignant
Immature
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Choriocarcinoma
No

50. large - hyperchromatic syncytiotrophoblasts cells - inc freq theca leutin cysts - develops during pregnancy in mom or baby - marked by hCG
Choriocarcinoma
Left
Adolescents
Endocervix