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Reproductive

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1. What virus is dyslapsia and carcinoma in situ of the cervix associated with
HPV 16 - 18
Inc size and tenderness with inc estrogen
1 week - 2 weeks
Androgen insensitivity syndrome

2. testicular masses that can be transilluminated
Bicornute uterus
Relaxation
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes

3. How long does it take for sperm to fully develop
Turner's XO
2 months
Ectopic preg
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids

4. What does the histo show for prostate cancer
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Epithelial hyperplasia

5. Which androgen is responsible for the deepening of the voice
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Metaphase
Testosterone
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY

6. What converts testosterone to DHT
Theca - leutin cysts
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis

7. How is beta hCG detectable in blood or urine for a home pregnancy test
Endometrial carcinoma
Choriocarcinoma
1 week - 2 weeks
Mature teratoma

8. What does the SRY gene do
Testis determining factor
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL
Round ligament of the uterus
55-65

9. How many days after fertilization does implantation occur?
No
6
Testosterone
Aortic bicuspid valve

10. histologic type of fibrocystic with hyperplasia of breast stroma
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
E coli
Fibrosis
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease

11. What is the expected increase of estradiol and estrone in pregnancy
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
50 times
Sertoli cells
51 yo

12. < 21 day cycle
Polymenorrhea
Epithelial hyperplasia
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA

13. breast path - diseases of the lactiferous sinus
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Ectopic preg
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
DIC

14. What happens to a leiomyoma in pregs and menopause and why
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens
Cervix
Kallman
Inc risk for carcinoma

15. What forms the blood testis barrier?
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Hydatidiform mole
Turner's XO

16. large cells in epidermis with clear halo
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Polymenorrhea
Paget cell
55-65

17. Benign - looks like bladder
Mature teratoma
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
69 xxy
Brenner tumor

18. What are the most common tumors in all females?
Corpus luteum cyst
Medullary
Myometrial tumors
1000 times

19. When are phyllodes tumors most common
2 months
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
In the 6th decade of life
Polyhydramnios

20. What does hCG do in the first trimester to maintain the corpus luteum
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Leydig cell tumor
Mimics LH

21. Which side is varicocele more common on...
Decreasing progesterone
Left
Fibrosis
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14

22. What is the genetic material in the secondary oocyte?
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids

23. What is the right venous drainage of the ovary/testis
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
Paget's disease - breast abscess
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Sclerosing adenosis

24. blood from ruptured follicle causing peritoneal irritation that can mimic appendicitis
Preeclampsia clinical
Polymenorrhea
Mittelschmerz syndrome
Paget's disease - breast abscess

25. Arrange the androgens in order of most potent to least potent
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Axillary node involvement
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione

26. What is the average age of onset for menopause
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Medullary
Post menopausal
51 yo

27. histo: simple columnar epithelium
Leydig cell tumor
Endocervix
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
The semiT and the blood vessels

28. Dermal lymphatic invasion by breast carcinoma - peu d orange
No
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage
Blacks
Inflammatory

29. What sequelae are associated with leiomyoma
Placenta acreta
Intraductal papilloma
Turner's XO
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage

30. What cellular structure is the acrosome derived from?
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Acute mastitis
Golgi
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone

31. What is the serum marker for BPH
Prior c section - multiparity
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
Inhibition LH and FSH
PSA

32. What complications are associated with polyhydramnios

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33. What is the most common pathogen in acute mastitis
Decrease
S aureus
Good - late metastasis
20 to 40

34. What are common causes of hyperestrogenism

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35. gynecological tumors from highest incidence to lowest
Testicular lymphoma
Cardinal ligament
Increased FSH
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)

36. 20% of ovarian tumors - benign - lined with fallopian tube like epithelium
Mimics LH
Yolk sac - endodermal sinus - tumor
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
Serous cystadenoma

37. Uterin fundus to labia majora
Axillary node involvement
Broad ligament
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Round ligament of uterus

38. What are risk factors for abruptio placentae?
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Adenomyosis
Kallman

39. How does endometrial hyperplasia manifest clinically
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
Post menopausal bleeding
Embryonal carcinoma

40. Where does LH work - what enzyme works there and what product is secreted
Follicular cyst
Cervix
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione

41. What are the functions of oxytocin - maybe
Menometrorrhagia
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?
Myometrial invasion
Myometrial tumors

42. What common valvular abnormality is common in Turner's
Testis determining factor
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Aortic bicuspid valve
Polymenorrhea

43. What are risk factors for placenta acreta
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa
Oligomenorrhea
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Myometrial tumors

44. What does progesterone do to gonadotropins
Inhibition LH and FSH
20 to 40
Fat necrosis
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff

45. pain with or without bleeding - inc in hCG - sudden lower abdominal pain - mistaken for appendicitis
Ectopic preg
55-65
Squamous cell carcinoma
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen

46. malignancy in ovaries - testis - sacrococcygeal area of young children - yellow friable solid masses with 50% having schiller - duval bodies
Epithelial hyperplasia
Inc risk for carcinoma
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation

47. What is a complication of invasive carcinoma
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure
During fetal life

48. what stimulation is required to maintain milk production and What is the pathway
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
Adenomyosis
Placenta previa
Suckling - inc oxytocin - prolactin

49. From What tissues to malignant breast tumors arise?
Suckling - inc oxytocin - prolactin
Prophase
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands

50. What changes are seen with total PSA and fraction of free PSA
Calcifications
Paget's disease - breast abscess
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction

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Reproductive

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