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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. testicular masses that can be transilluminated
Prematurity
Left
Tunica vaginalis lesions
SANS - hypogastric nerve

2. Dermal lymphatic invasion by breast carcinoma - peu d orange
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Inflammatory
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Serous cystadenocarcinoma

3. What is a potential complication of endometrial hyperplasia
Complete
Cervix
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
Endometrial carcinoma

4. What does gynecomastia result from?
Hyperestrogenism
Bicornute uterus
Increase (and LH)
Proliferation

5. breast path - diseeases of the lobules
Turner's XO
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
No

6. How does progesterone inhibit sperm entry to uterus
Acute mastitis
Preductal coarctication
Production of a thick cervical mucus
Leydig cell tumor

7. What is the treatment for preeclampsia
Delivery of fetus
Serous cystadenoma
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection

8. in postmenopausal women Where is androstenedione converted to estrone
Peripheral adipose tissue
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Upregulation
IV mag sulfate - diazepam

9. tumor with firm fibrous - 'rock hard' mass with sharp margins and small glandular duct like cells - worst prognosis and most common
Production of a thick cervical mucus
Theca - leutin cysts
Invasive ductal
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation

10. Endometriosis is characterized By what clinical picture?
PSA
Varicocele
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids

11. What are the treatments for BPH
Ovary
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Complete
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride

12. What are common causes of hyperestrogenism

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13. inability to convert testosterone to DHT - limited to genetic males - penis at 12
Calcifications
5 alpha reductase def
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Polymenorrhea

14. What does estrogen to do prolaction
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Increase

15. How is beta hCG detectable in blood or urine for a home pregnancy test
One of the centrioles
1 week - 2 weeks
Smooth muscle
Mimics LH

16. malignant - inc hCG - disordered syncytiotrophoblastic and cytotrophoblastic elements - hematogenous spread
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Testosterone
Choriocarcinoma
Golgi

17. heavy - irregular menstruation at irregular intervals
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Inc risk for carcinoma
Menometrorrhagia
Varicocele

18. Is fertility compromised in double Y males?
Adenomyosis
Mature teratoma
Sertoli cells
No

19. malignancy in ovaries - testis - sacrococcygeal area of young children - yellow friable solid masses with 50% having schiller - duval bodies
Round ligament of the uterus
Mittelschmerz syndrome
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary

20. How is dyslpasi and carcinoma in situ of the cervix classified
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity
Polyhydramnios
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
PCOS

21. What pathologic states cause increases in hCG
46 xx
Male pseudoHerm
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors

22. breast abscess - during breast feeding with increased risk of bacterial infxn through cracks in the nipple
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Comedocarcinoma
Seminoma
Acute mastitis

23. complications of BPH
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
Tubular carcinoma
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant

24. breast path - diseases of the terminal duct
Tubular carcinoma
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Ectocervix
Inc AFP and hCG

25. Vaginal sqamous cell carcinoma is most often seconday From which site?
Puberty
Posterior lobe peripheral zone
Cervix
Ectopic preg

26. dx with decreased testosterone - increased LH
Theca - leutin cysts
Choriocarcinoma
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
Primary hypogonadism

27. dx with increased testosterone and dec LH
Fertilization 'an egg met a sperm'
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
Abruptio placentae

28. ecsematous patches on nipple and/or vulva - suggests underlying carcinoma

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29. What are risk factors for placenta acreta
Suckling - inc oxytocin - prolactin
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa
Myometrial invasion

30. Some drugs cause awesome knockers
Polyhydramnios
Relaxation
Preeclampsia clinical
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole

31. What substances other than inhibin do sertoli cells produce?
Brenner tumor
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
Teratoma
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone

32. small - mobile - firm breast mass with sharp edges - most common in <25
Hydatidiform mole
Fibroadenoma
Relaxation
Blacks

33. common cause of recurrent miscarriage in 1st trimester
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
Chromosomal abnormalities
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant

34. What does progesterone do to smooth muscle in the uterus
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility
Down regulation
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis
Relaxation

35. >1.5 -2 L of amniotic fluid
Polyhydramnios
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
No
Osteoblastic in bone

36. dilated epididymal duct
Myometrial tumors
Mitochondria
Spermatocele
Peripheral adipose tissue

37. When does endometiral carcinoma usually occur
55-65
Hydrocele
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Testicular lymphoma

38. Where does FSH work - what enzyme works there - what substrate comes in and what leaves
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA
Fructose
Endometrial carcinoma

39. atypical cells in epithelial hyperplasia
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Inc risk for carcinoma
Feedback inhibition
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly

40. What does estrogen do to estrogen - LH and progesterone recepotrs
Partial
Upregulation
Krukenburg tumor
Spermatocele

41. What serum markers are associated with embyronal carcinoma
Inc AFP and hCG
Prior c section - multiparity
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
DIC

42. Where is the enlargement found in BPH
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
HPV 16 - 18
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Malignant in males not in females

43. histologic type of fibrocystic with hyperplasia of breast stroma
Inc size and tenderness with inc estrogen
Fibrosis
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Sertoli cell tumor

44. How does endometrial hyperplasia manifest clinically
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection
Post menopausal bleeding
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction
Sclerosing adenosis

45. cystic swelling of chorionic villi and proliferation of chorionic epithelium that presents with abnormal vaginal bleeding
Hydatidiform mole
Polyhydramnios
Teratoma
Estradiol > estrone > estriol

46. decreased estrogen - inc FSH - LH - signs of menopause after puberty but before 40
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY

47. What causes preeclampsia
Hydrocele
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Inhibition LH and FSH

48. Where is androstenedione made?
Prior c section - multiparity
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain
Adrenal gland

49. headache - blurred vision - abdominal pain - edema of face and extremeties - altered mentation - hyperreflexia in pregnancy
Preeclampsia clinical
Call exner bodies
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY

50. Which teratoma - mature or immature - is aggresively malignant
Decrease
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant
E coli
Immature