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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are risk factors for abruptio placentae?
No
Follicular cyst
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
Chromosomal abnormalities

2. What are the pathologic features of leiosarcoma
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles
Feedback inhibition
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur

3. What is the venous drainage of the left ovary/testis?
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
Chocolate cyst
Left gonadal vein - left renal vein - IVC
Just prior to ovulation

4. What complications are associated with oligohydramnios

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5. What is mortality due to in preeclampsia
During fetal life
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS
DCIS
1000 times

6. What hormones regulate sperm creation?
6
Intraductal papilloma
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
Calcifications

7. What is a true hermaphrodite
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Fallopian tube
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY

8. In what phase is meiosis II arrested
Proliferation
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
Increased FSH
Metaphase

9. androblastoma from sex cord stroma
Sertoli cell tumor
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor
Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles

10. What are the treatments for PCOS
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
Mature teratoma
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery

11. breast path - diseeases of the lobules
Kallman
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis
Leydig cell tumor
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development

12. gray - soliarty - crusty plaque - usually on the shaft of the penis or on the scrotum - peak incidence in 5th decade of life - can progress to invasive SCC in < 10% of cases

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13. small - mobile - firm breast mass with sharp edges - most common in <25
Inc size and tenderness with inc estrogen
Fibroadenoma
Comedocarcinoma
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa

14. What sequelae are associated with leiomyoma
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
Prior c section - multiparity
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage

15. What is the karyotype of a partial mole
Calcifications
69 xxy
Acute mastitis
Myometrial tumors

16. What is a complication of cryptorchidism and why does it occur
55-65
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Fructose
5 alpha reductase def

17. ovaries plus virilized external genitalia due to excessive and inappropriate exposure to androgenic steroids during early gestation
Female pseudoHerm
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis
DIC
Squamous cell carcinoma

18. What common valvular abnormality is common in Turner's
Puberty
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Aortic bicuspid valve
Seminoma

19. small follicles filled with eosinphilic secretions
4
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
Call exner bodies
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery

20. Where is the enlargement found in BPH
Broad ligament
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor

21. How does endometriosis cause infertility
Spermatocele
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS
Testosterone
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection

22. Wher does dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the cervix usually begin
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
Squamo - columnar jxn
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS
20 to 40

23. in postmenopausal women Where is androstenedione converted to estrone
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome
Peripheral adipose tissue
Dysgerminoma

24. Which phase varies and in length and Which is usually 14 days (menstrual cycle)
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride

25. How many functional sperm does 1 germ cell creat?
Inhibition of HCG access
Adrenal gland
4
Just prior to ovulation

26. decreased synthesis of gonadotropin in the ant pit - anosmia - lack of secondary sex characteristics
HPV 16 - 18
Kallman
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)

27. When is follicular growth the fastest?
2nd week of proliferative phase
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL

28. tumor with firm fibrous - 'rock hard' mass with sharp margins and small glandular duct like cells - worst prognosis and most common
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Estrogen overstimulation
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Invasive ductal

29. How is prostatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Estrogen overstimulation

30. gynecological tumors from highest incidence to lowest
Increase (and LH)
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Myometrial tumors
Sertoli cells

31. What does progesterone do in the endometrium
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant

32. 2 sperm + 1 egg
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Ligament of the ovary
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
Partial

33. What do leydig cells secrete?
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Smooth muscle
Testosterone

34. breast path - diseases of the terminal duct
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Tubular carcinoma

35. What is the treatment for preeclampsia
Delivery of fetus
Fibrosis
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility
Sertoli cell tumor

36. What is the most common cause of breast lumps from age 25 to menopause
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY
Serous cystadenoma
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA
Fibrocystic disease

37. What is the most common pathogen in acute mastitis
S aureus
Pseudohermaphroditism
Tunica vaginalis lesions
In the 6th decade of life

38. 90% of ovarian germ cells tumors - contains cells from 2 or 3 germ layers
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2
E coli
Teratoma
Aortic bicuspid valve

39. in chronic prostatitis is bacterial or abacterial more common
One of the centrioles
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Abacterial
Preductal coarctication

40. dx with increased testosterone and dec LH
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors

41. dx with decreased testosterone - increased LH
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Primary hypogonadism
Mature teratoma
Post menopausal bleeding

42. what stimulation is required to maintain milk production and What is the pathway
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly
Invasive ductal
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Suckling - inc oxytocin - prolactin

43. testicular masses that can be transilluminated
Fibrocystic disease
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Menopause

44. connects cervix to side wall of pelvis - contains uterine vessels
17beta estradiol
Cardinal ligament
Adrenal gland
Theca - leutin cysts

45. What is the average age of onset for menopause
51 yo
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Testosterone
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY

46. Dermal lymphatic invasion by breast carcinoma - peu d orange
Inflammatory
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
55-65
BPH

47. Breast path - disease that occurs at the nipple

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48. What does estrogen to do prolaction
Testosterone
Inhibit FSH
Decreasing progesterone
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast

49. dx with increased testosterone and inc LH
Koilocytitic
Defective androgen receptor
Fructose
Hydrocele

50. non neoplastic endometrial glands/stroma in abnormal locations outsdie the uterus
Spermatocele
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection
Acute mastitis
Endometriosis