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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which cells secrete beta hCG
Trophoblasts
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ of penis
Hydrocele

2. In what group are malignant breast tumors most commonly seen
Post menopausal
Trophoblasts
Comedocarcinoma
Corpus luteum cyst

3. What is the karyotype of a complete mole
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Paget's disease - breast abscess
HPV 16 - 18
46 xx

4. What is the average age of onset for menopause
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain
51 yo
Axillary node involvement
20 to 40

5. What is the main source of energy for spermatozoa
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction
S aureus
Fructose
IV mag sulfate - diazepam

6. common cause of recurrent miscarriage in 1st trimester
In the 6th decade of life
Hydrocele
Chromosomal abnormalities
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)

7. small breast tumor that grows in lactiferous ducts - typically beneath the areola with serous or bloody nipple discharge
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Peripheral adipose tissue
Intraductal papilloma
Female pseudoHerm

8. bundles of spindle shaped fibroblasts - pulling sensation in the groin
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Osteoblastic in bone
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Fibromas

9. What are predisposing factors for placenta previa
Prior c section - multiparity
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA
2 months
Oligomenorrhea

10. What are the most common cause of anovluation

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11. What increases risk for endometrial carcinoma
Serous cystadenoma
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Uterus
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate

12. What does increasing estrogen do to GnRH receptors on ant pit - and What does this lead to...
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Koilocytitic
Mimics LH

13. How is dyslpasi and carcinoma in situ of the cervix classified
Adrenal gland
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Menopause
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria

14. Testosterone and estrogen in androgen insensitivity syndrome
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Maintenance
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Increase (and LH)

15. What is the most common cause of breast lumps from age 25 to menopause
Broad ligament
Prior c section - multiparity
Fibrocystic disease
6

16. How many functional sperm does 1 germ cell creat?
In the 6th decade of life
4
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial

17. When is the peak occurrence of leiomyoma
20 to 40
Complete
Peyronie's dz
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)

18. pain with or without bleeding - inc in hCG - sudden lower abdominal pain - mistaken for appendicitis
Ectopic preg
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL
Brenner tumor
46 xx

19. what increases the risk of cryptorchidism
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy
Prematurity
Sertoli cells
1 week - 2 weeks

20. What does progesterone do to myometrial excitability
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
Decrease

21. From What tissues to malignant breast tumors arise?
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly
Testosterone
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands

22. tumor is fleshy - cellular - with a lymphocytic infiltrate - good prognosis
During fetal life
Inc estrogen - inc total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity
Meigs syndrome
Medullary

23. What forms the blood testis barrier?
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Call exner bodies
Koilocytitic
Turner's XO

24. in males - are mature teratomas malignant? What is the case for females
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids
Malignant in males not in females
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells

25. Which cells line the seminiferous tubules and secrete inhibin
Defective androgen receptor
Sertoli cells
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?
Mature teratoma

26. malignant - painful - often glandular/papillary morphology testicular germ cell tumor that can differentiate into other tumors
Embryonal carcinoma
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Ectopic preg
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa

27. What complications are associated with oligohydramnios

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28. 20% of ovarian tumors - benign - lined with fallopian tube like epithelium
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione
Serous cystadenoma
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa

29. What does HHAVOC stand for in menopause
Fibrosis
Polyhydramnios
Decrease
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease

30. blood from ruptured follicle causing peritoneal irritation that can mimic appendicitis
Chocolate cyst
DCIS
Mittelschmerz syndrome
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)

31. Breast path - disease that occurs at the nipple

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32. histo: simple columnar epithelium
Testosterone
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
2 months
Endocervix

33. small follicles filled with eosinphilic secretions
Comedocarcinoma
Call exner bodies
Theca - leutin cysts
Testosterone

34. What does inhibin do?
Inhibit FSH
Cystic
The centrioles
Metrorrhagia

35. what metabolic disorder is assocaited with PCOS
Insulin resistance
Axillary node involvement
Hyperestrogenism
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase

36. What does progesterone do to smooth muscle in the uterus
Relaxation
Polymenorrhea
Inc estrogen - inc total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity
Complete

37. Which cells line the seminiferous tubules and maintain germ pool and produce primary spermatocytes
Golgi
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
46 xx
Testosterone

38. how can struma ovarri present?
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Turner's XO
Testosterone
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids

39. blood containing cyst from ovarian endometriosis that varies with menstrual cycle
Post menopausal
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Chocolate cyst
BPH

40. What effect does NO have on smooth muscle in erectile tissues
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
Preeclampsia
Squamo - columnar jxn
Good - late metastasis

41. in postmenopausal women Where is androstenedione converted to estrone
Peripheral adipose tissue
Inhibition of HCG access
Kallman
S aureus

42. What are the risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal
Inc risk for carcinoma
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor

43. how does BPH present
Oligomenorrhea
Axillary node involvement
No
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria

44. What does progesterone do to gonadotropins
Mature teratoma
Adrenal gland
Inhibition LH and FSH
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors

45. Which system and nerve allow for erection in the male?
Preeclampsia clinical
PANS - pelvic nerve
Hemorrhage
Fibrocystic disease

46. What is the most common form of male pseudoHerm
Estrogen overstimulation
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Inhibition of HCG access

47. What is the serum marker for BPH
Fallopian tube
PSA
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ of penis

48. What is the number 1 risk factor for cervical dysplasia or carcinoma in situ
Inc AFP and hCG
Just prior to ovulation
Hydrocele
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse

49. tumor is ductal with caseous necrosis
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibin
Comedocarcinoma
No

50. How does progesterone inhibit sperm entry to uterus
Placenta acreta
Production of a thick cervical mucus
17beta estradiol
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation