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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. blood containing cyst from ovarian endometriosis that varies with menstrual cycle
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Chocolate cyst
Ectopic preg
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole

2. When are phyllodes tumors most common
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Testicular lymphoma
In the 6th decade of life
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor

3. From What tissues to malignant breast tumors arise?
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy

4. histo: stratified squamous epithelium - nonkeratinized
Vagina
Endocervix
Prophase
In the 6th decade of life

5. What does progesterone do to body temp
Decreasing progesterone
Increase
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease

6. malignant - painless homogenous testicular enlargement - most common testicular tumor - affecting males ages 15 to 3 - large cells in lobules with watery cytoplasm and a 'fried egg' appearnace
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs
Seminoma
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile

7. What does inhibin do?
Inhibit FSH
Preeclampsia clinical
Fat necrosis
Testosterone

8. What do sildenafil and vardenafil do?
Inhibit cGMP breakdown
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Menometrorrhagia
BPH

9. What do leydig cells secrete?
Cardinal ligament
Hyperestrogenism
Testosterone
Prematurity

10. What is HELLP syndrome
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Testosterone
2 months

11. What is the number 1 risk factor for cervical dysplasia or carcinoma in situ
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Posterior lobe peripheral zone

12. testicular atrophy - eunochoid body shape - tall - long extremities - gynecomastia - inactivated X chromosome - dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules - decreased inhibin - abnormal leydig cell function

13. decreased estrogen - inc FSH - LH - signs of menopause after puberty but before 40
Phyllodes tumor
Post menopausal bleeding
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta

14. When does spermatogenesis begin?
Testis determining factor
Puberty
5 alpha reductase def
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff

15. increases in which hormone are associated with BPH
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Complete
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT

16. What is the single most important prognostic factor for malignant breast tumors
Polyhydramnios
The centrioles
Blacks
Axillary node involvement

17. breast abscess - during breast feeding with increased risk of bacterial infxn through cracks in the nipple
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Acute mastitis
Abruptio placentae
20 to 40

18. disagreement between the phenotypic and gonadal sex
Menopause
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
Hemorrhage
Pseudohermaphroditism

19. >1.5 -2 L of amniotic fluid
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS
Golgi
Polyhydramnios
Posterior lobe peripheral zone

20. Prevention of seizures and in preeclampsia
Maintenance
5 alpha reductase def
Tubular carcinoma
IV mag sulfate - diazepam

21. What pathologic states cause increases in hCG
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
Delivery of fetus
6

22. What are the functions of oxytocin - maybe
Decreasing progesterone
Puberty
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?
2 months

23. What does progesterone do to myometrial excitability
Spermatocele
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Decrease
Endometriosis

24. testicular masses that can be transilluminated
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Estradiol

25. histologic subtype of fibrocystic with inc acini and intralobular fibrosis
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Prior c section - multiparity
Sclerosing adenosis
Fructose

26. What does progesterone do to estrogen receptors
Down regulation
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast

27. Why does the skin resemble an orange peel in inflammatory type of maligantn breast tumor
Comedocarcinoma
Complete
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids

28. tumor is ductal with caseous necrosis
Comedocarcinoma
50 times
5 alpha reductase def
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ of penis

29. How long does it take for sperm to fully develop
2 months
Increased FSH
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction
Spermatogonia (germ cells)

30. attachment of palceta to lower uterine segment that may occlude internal os - painless bleeding in any trimester
Placenta previa
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
Upregulation
Prematurity

31. What does estrogen do to estrogen - LH and progesterone recepotrs
6
Delivery of fetus
Upregulation
Embryonal carcinoma

32. Where does FSH work - what enzyme works there - what substrate comes in and what leaves
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Low progesterone
E coli
Acute mastitis

33. Which androgen is responsible for the deepening of the voice
Post menopausal bleeding
Menometrorrhagia
Invasive lobular
Testosterone

34. Which system and nerve allow for erection in the male?
Vagina
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole
Fibroadenoma
PANS - pelvic nerve

35. How is dyslpasi and carcinoma in situ of the cervix classified
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Spermatocele
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff

36. large - hyperchromatic syncytiotrophoblasts cells - inc freq theca leutin cysts - develops during pregnancy in mom or baby - marked by hCG
Choriocarcinoma
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
Adrenal gland

37. How is beta hCG detectable in blood or urine for a home pregnancy test
Hydatidiform mole
1 week - 2 weeks
6
Fertilization 'an egg met a sperm'

38. Risk factors for ectopic pregs
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery
Suckling - inc oxytocin - prolactin
E coli
Relaxation

39. Testosterone and estrogen in androgen insensitivity syndrome
Increase (and LH)
Ovary
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate

40. atypical cells in epithelial hyperplasia
Invasive ductal
Inc risk for carcinoma
Endometrial carcinoma
Cardinal ligament

41. What is a true hermaphrodite
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Sertoli cell tumor

42. What substances other than inhibin do sertoli cells produce?
Prematurity
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone

43. What occurs to a fibroadenoma during pregnancy and menstruation and why
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Choriocarcinoma
Inc size and tenderness with inc estrogen
Peyronie's dz

44. Multiple papular lesions on the penis - affects younger age group - usually does not become invasive
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome
Prior c section - multiparity
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Inhibition of HCG access

45. androblastoma from sex cord stroma
Squamo - columnar jxn
Preductal coarctication
Testosterone
Sertoli cell tumor

46. cystic swelling of chorionic villi and proliferation of chorionic epithelium that presents with abnormal vaginal bleeding
Proliferation
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Inc risk for carcinoma
Hydatidiform mole

47. complications of BPH
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant
Fructose
Blacks
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole

48. What are the treatments for BPH
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
Inhibit FSH

49. <0.5 L of amniotic fluid
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
No
Oligohydramnios
Prophase

50. is fibroadenoma a precursor to breast cancer
Serous cystadenoma
No
Tubular carcinoma
Maintenance