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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. what increases the risk of cryptorchidism
Feedback inhibition
Prematurity
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
1000 times

2. What is the presentation of fibrocystic dz
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
1000 times

3. breast path - diseases of the major duct
Abacterial
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Inhibit FSH
Blacks

4. Arrange the androgens in order of most potent to least potent
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA
Low progesterone
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
17beta estradiol

5. heavy - irregular menstruation at irregular intervals
Menometrorrhagia
Suckling - inc oxytocin - prolactin
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction

6. predisposing factor to clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)
Osteoblastic in bone
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction
2nd week of proliferative phase

7. marked increased hCG - complete or partial
Blacks
Adenomyosis
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Complete

8. List the estrogens in order of decreasing potency
No
No
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
Fibroadenoma

9. Does a leiomyoma progress to leiosarcoma
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
No

10. What is the most common pathogen in acute mastitis
Seminoma
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Delivery of fetus
S aureus

11. What are the four functions of estrogen
Suckling - inc oxytocin - prolactin
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL
Decrease
Placenta acreta

12. What substances other than inhibin do sertoli cells produce?
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone
Feedback inhibition
DIC

13. What does the SRY gene do
Testis determining factor
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Sertoli cell tumor

14. multilocular cyst lined by mucus secreting epi - benign - intestine like
Mucinous cystadenoma
6
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2
Fibrocystic disease

15. What are the useful tumor parkers in prostatic adenocarcinoma
Polymenorrhea
Kallman
Medullary
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA

16. Which system and nerve allow for erection in the male?
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta
Teratoma
PANS - pelvic nerve
Metaphase

17. What are risk factors for abruptio placentae?
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
Myometrial tumors
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile

18. What is a potential complication of endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrial carcinoma
Adrenal gland
Intraductal papilloma
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT

19. What are the functions of oxytocin - maybe
5 alpha reductase def
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?
2 months
20 to 40

20. What does inhibin do?
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
Female pseudoHerm
Inhibit FSH
Relaxation

21. reinke crystals - androgen producing - gynecomastia in men - precocious puberty in boys - golden brown color
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
Peyronie's dz
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
Leydig cell tumor

22. Connects ovaries to lateral pelvic wall - contains ovarian vessels
Prematurity
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL
Suspensory ligament of ovaries

23. what structures supplies the energy to the middle piece (neck)
Mitochondria
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
Myometrial tumors
Follicular cyst

24. What does progesterone do to estrogen receptors
Increase
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly
Down regulation
Kallman

25. What does estrogen do to estrogen - LH and progesterone recepotrs
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Upregulation
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis
Round ligament of uterus

26. Which cells line the seminiferous tubules and secrete inhibin
Preeclampsia + siezures
Sertoli cells
Fructose
Acute mastitis

27. What is a complication of invasive carcinoma
Endocervix
Testosterone
Sertoli cell tumor
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure

28. Where does fertilization most commonly occur?
Paget's disease
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation

29. Prevention of seizures and in preeclampsia
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

30. gynecological tumors from highest incidence to lowest
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
DIC
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Prematurity

31. What hormones regulate sperm creation?
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
Chocolate cyst
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary

32. How is beta hCG detectable in blood or urine for a home pregnancy test
51 yo
1 week - 2 weeks
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Paget's disease

33. common cause of recurrent miscarriage in 2nd trimester
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Bicornute uterus
4
Endocervix

34. What does HHAVOC stand for in menopause
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Metrorrhagia
PSA

35. connects cervix to side wall of pelvis - contains uterine vessels
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
Cardinal ligament
Low progesterone
Testosterone

36. When does spermatogenesis begin?
Puberty
95%
Medullary
Immature

37. What changes in the aorta are common in Turner's?
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant
Preductal coarctication

38. What is the lymphatic drainage of the distal 1/3 of the vagina/scrotum/vulva
Upregulation
Paget's disease - breast abscess
Round ligament of uterus
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

39. eclampsia
Preeclampsia + siezures
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
Koilocytitic

40. What are the most common tumors in all females?
Female pseudoHerm
Granulosa cell tumor
Hydatidiform mole
Myometrial tumors

41. What percentage of testicular tumors are germ cell
Endometrial carcinoma
95%
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis

42. histological subtype of fibrocystic with inc number of epithelial cell lauers in terminal duct lobule - women over 30
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2
Golgi
Epithelial hyperplasia
Inc size and tenderness with inc estrogen

43. leiomyoma and leiosarcoma have an increased incidence in which ethnic group
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Blacks
Posterior lobe peripheral zone
No

44. Wher does dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the cervix usually begin
Squamo - columnar jxn
Koilocytitic
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
In the 6th decade of life

45. What are common causes of hyperestrogenism

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46. inability to convert testosterone to DHT - limited to genetic males - penis at 12
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
5 alpha reductase def
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Call exner bodies

47. What is the typical cell change in HPV infection
Blacks
Decreasing progesterone
Koilocytitic
Hemorrhage

48. What are the 3 androgens
Hyperestrogenism
Adenomyosis
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione

49. Short stature - ovarian dysgenesis - shield chest - no barr body - webbing of the neck

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50. What does increasing estrogen do to GnRH receptors on ant pit - and What does this lead to...
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Serous cystadenoma
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ of penis