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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. eclampsia
Inc estrogen - inc total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity
Increase
Preeclampsia + siezures
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands

2. What occurs to a fibroadenoma during pregnancy and menstruation and why
Corpus luteum cyst
Inc size and tenderness with inc estrogen
Immature
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY

3. common cause of recurrent miscarriage in 2nd trimester
4
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Endometriosis
Bicornute uterus

4. malignant - inc hCG - disordered syncytiotrophoblastic and cytotrophoblastic elements - hematogenous spread
Mature teratoma
Choriocarcinoma
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision

5. What are the treatments for PCOS
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Just prior to ovulation
Sclerosing adenosis

6. What is the clinical manifestation of PCOS
PCOS
Post menopausal
Mitochondria
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism

7. Connects uterus - fallopian tubes and ovaries to pelvic side wall - contains ovaries - fallapian tubes - and round ligaments of uterus
Choriocarcinoma
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
Left
Broad ligament

8. In What age group are ovarian germ cell tumors most common
Partial
Hydatidiform mole
Adolescents
Mature teratoma

9. What is the most common form of male pseudoHerm
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Immature
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA
Placenta acreta

10. inc fluid secondary to incomplete fustion with processus vaginalis
Hydrocele
Broad ligament
Immature
Spermatogonia (germ cells)

11. What does increasing estrogen do to GnRH receptors on ant pit - and What does this lead to...
Polymenorrhea
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Fat necrosis
17beta estradiol

12. Where is androstenedione made?
Primary hypogonadism
PANS - pelvic nerve
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Adrenal gland

13. What is the lymphatic drainage the ovaries/testis
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Para - aortic lymph nodes
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens
Partial

14. blood containing cyst from ovarian endometriosis that varies with menstrual cycle
Chocolate cyst
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
Polymenorrhea
Placenta previa

15. 2 sperm + empty egg
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Testosterone
Sertoli cells
Complete

16. What is the main source of energy for spermatozoa
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
Fructose
Upregulation
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors

17. breast path - diseases of the stroma
Calcifications
Call exner bodies
Inc risk for carcinoma
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor

18. tumor is ductal with caseous necrosis
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage
Comedocarcinoma
2nd week of proliferative phase

19. What does progesterone do for pregnancy
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation
DCIS
Mucinous cystadenoma
Maintenance

20. What is the expected increase of estradiol and estrone in pregnancy
Cardinal ligament
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
50 times
Menopause

21. which cysts results from gonadotropin stimulation and is associated with choriocarcinoma and moles
Endometrial carcinoma
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Peyronie's dz
Theca - leutin cysts

22. What is a potential complication of endometrial hyperplasia
PANS - pelvic nerve
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta
Squamous cell carcinoma
Endometrial carcinoma

23. What is the single most important prognostic factor for malignant breast tumors
Axillary node involvement
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Ovary

24. most common testicular cancer in older men
Paget cell
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Testicular lymphoma
Osteoblastic in bone

25. When does spermatogenesis begin?
Prematurity
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Sertoli cells
Puberty

26. When does the secondary oocyte complete meosis II

27. What does estrogen stimulate in the endometrium
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Proliferation
Hyperestrogenism
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta

28. What pathologic states cause increases in hCG
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction

29. hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens
Krukenburg tumor
HPV 16 - 18
Corpus luteum cyst

30. Dermal lymphatic invasion by breast carcinoma - peu d orange
Posterior lobe peripheral zone
Squamous cell carcinoma
Hydrocele
Inflammatory

31. frequent bu irregular cycles
Defective androgen receptor
One of the centrioles
Metrorrhagia
Invasive lobular

32. decreased estrogen production due to age linked decline in the number of ovarian follices
Menopause
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Delivery of fetus

33. Where is testosterone converted to estrogen
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Seminoma
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Inhibit cGMP breakdown

34. defect in androgen receptor resulting in normal appearing female - rudimentry vagina - no uterus or uterine tubes
46 xx
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY
Testosterone

35. can present as precocious puberty in kids - can cause endometrial hyperplasia/carinoma in adults - abnormal uterine bleeding
Production of a thick cervical mucus
Mature teratoma
Granulosa cell tumor
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole

36. What is a complication of invasive carcinoma
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Aortic bicuspid valve
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure
The semiT and the blood vessels

37. how does BPH present
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs
Calcifications

38. malignant - painless homogenous testicular enlargement - most common testicular tumor - affecting males ages 15 to 3 - large cells in lobules with watery cytoplasm and a 'fried egg' appearnace
Seminoma
One of the centrioles
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery

39. What are the functions of oxytocin - maybe
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal
Yolk sac - endodermal sinus - tumor
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?
Oligomenorrhea

40. increases in which hormone are associated with BPH
Hydatidiform mole
Fat necrosis
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Polyhydramnios

41. What is the presentation of fibrocystic dz
Blacks
No
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
Peripheral conversion of androgens

42. Breast path - disease that occurs at the nipple

43. What effect does NE have on smoothe muscle in the erectile tissues
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
50 times
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor

44. Testosterone and estrogen in androgen insensitivity syndrome
Increase (and LH)
Invasive ductal
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
PSA

45. What is the risk for carcinoma among patients with intraductal papilloma
DIC
Teratoma
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis

46. Which androgen is responsible for the closing of the epiphyseal plate
50 times
Low progesterone
Metaphase
Testosterone

47. What are risk factors for abruptio placentae?
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
Relaxation

48. malignancy in ovaries - testis - sacrococcygeal area of young children - yellow friable solid masses with 50% having schiller - duval bodies
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Serous cystadenoma
Peyronie's dz

49. Which cells secrete beta hCG
Paget cell
Sertoli cells
Endometrial carcinoma
Trophoblasts

50. What hormones regulate sperm creation?
Preeclampsia clinical
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
Squamo - columnar jxn