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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which gynecologic tumors have the worst prognosis?
20 to 40
Sertoli cell tumor
Cardinal ligament
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial

2. breast path - diseases of the terminal duct
Tubular carcinoma
Polymenorrhea
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly
Paget cell

3. What is a concern of early menopause
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Smooth muscle
Testosterone
Fallopian tube

4. ovaries plus virilized external genitalia due to excessive and inappropriate exposure to androgenic steroids during early gestation
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
Feedback inhibition
Female pseudoHerm
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen

5. predisposing factor to clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)
Ectopic preg
Inhibit cGMP breakdown
The centrioles

6. What are the treatments for BPH
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
Testis determining factor
Endometrial carcinoma

7. What are risk factors for abruptio placentae?
Acute mastitis
Estrogen overstimulation
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate

8. Breast path - disease that occurs at the nipple

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9. frequent bu irregular cycles
Metrorrhagia
Peyronie's dz
S aureus
Fibromas

10. What are the 3 androgens
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
Testosterone
Tubular carcinoma

11. what bacteria is commone in acute prostatitis
The semiT and the blood vessels
Inc estrogen - inc total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity
Peripheral adipose tissue
E coli

12. headache - blurred vision - abdominal pain - edema of face and extremeties - altered mentation - hyperreflexia in pregnancy
Spermatocele
Preeclampsia clinical
Leydig cell tumor
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids

13. HTN - proteinuria and edema
Preeclampsia
Increase
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Good - late metastasis

14. small - mobile - firm breast mass with sharp edges - most common in <25
Metaphase
Vagina
Fibroadenoma
The centrioles

15. tumor with firm fibrous - 'rock hard' mass with sharp margins and small glandular duct like cells - worst prognosis and most common
Leydig cell tumor
Invasive ductal
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Round ligament of the uterus

16. Which cells line the seminiferous tubules and maintain germ pool and produce primary spermatocytes
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
46 xx
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Pseudohermaphroditism

17. atypical cells in epithelial hyperplasia
Inc risk for carcinoma
Complete
Upregulation
Inhibit FSH

18. What is indicative of a poor prognosis for endometrial carcinoma
Round ligament of the uterus
Tubular carcinoma
Myometrial invasion
Embryonal carcinoma

19. What is a complication of cryptorchidism and why does it occur
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
Prior c section - multiparity
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain
Lack of spermatogenesis due to inc temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors

20. leiomyoma and leiosarcoma have an increased incidence in which ethnic group
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage
Blacks
Androgen insensitivity syndrome

21. What estrogen does the ovary secrete
17beta estradiol
Ectocervix
Delivery of fetus
Choriocarcinoma

22. What is a complication of invasive carcinoma
Endometrial carcinoma
Hydrocele
Fat necrosis
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure

23. 2 sperm + empty egg
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione
Complete
Myometrial invasion
Theca - leutin cysts

24. histo: simple columnar epithelium
Primary hypogonadism
Spermatocele
Embryonal carcinoma
Endocervix

25. < 21 day cycle
Polymenorrhea
Invasive lobular
DIC
Squamous cell carcinoma

26. What hematologic condition is associated with abruptio placentae
Varicocele
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens
DIC
Posterior lobe peripheral zone

27. Where does FSH work - what enzyme works there - what substrate comes in and what leaves
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction
Testosterone
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen

28. ecsematous patches on nipple and/or vulva - suggests underlying carcinoma

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29. gray - soliarty - crusty plaque - usually on the shaft of the penis or on the scrotum - peak incidence in 5th decade of life - can progress to invasive SCC in < 10% of cases

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30. A leimyoma is overgrowth of what cell
Delivery of fetus
Smooth muscle
Fibromas
Endocervix

31. What changes are seen with total PSA and fraction of free PSA
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Choriocarcinoma
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal

32. What does progesterone do to smooth muscle in the uterus
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Inflammatory
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Relaxation

33. What is the most frequent benign ovarian tumor
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly
Spermatocele
Mature teratoma
Fat necrosis

34. What are the associated risk factors for malignant breast tumors
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA
Inc estrogen - inc total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity
Malignant in males not in females

35. What is mortality due to in preeclampsia
Invasive lobular
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS

36. What does estrogen stimulate in the endometrium
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL
2nd week of proliferative phase
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation
Proliferation

37. endometrium within the myometrium
Pseudohermaphroditism
Acute mastitis
Adenomyosis
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff

38. in postmenopausal women Where is androstenedione converted to estrone
Peripheral adipose tissue
Inc estrogen - inc total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity
Ectocervix
Delivery of fetus

39. What does progesterone do to estrogen receptors
Ovary
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
Down regulation

40. triad of ovarian fibroma - ascites - hydrothorax
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Meigs syndrome
Calcifications
Teratoma

41. Connects uterus - fallopian tubes and ovaries to pelvic side wall - contains ovaries - fallapian tubes - and round ligaments of uterus
Inc size and tenderness with inc estrogen
Fibroadenoma
Chromosomal abnormalities
Broad ligament

42. When is the peak occurrence of leiomyoma
20 to 40
Menometrorrhagia
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Posterior lobe peripheral zone

43. When are phyllodes tumors most common
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
S aureus
Choriocarcinoma
In the 6th decade of life

44. increases in which hormone are associated with BPH
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Decrease
Mittelschmerz syndrome
Serous cystadenocarcinoma

45. Does a leiomyoma progress to leiosarcoma
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta
Chromosomal abnormalities
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
No

46. What converts testosterone to DHT
Sertoli cells
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

47. GI malignancy that metastasizes to ovaries causing a mucin secreting signet cell adenocarcinoma
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant
Krukenburg tumor
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Increased FSH

48. malignant - painless homogenous testicular enlargement - most common testicular tumor - affecting males ages 15 to 3 - large cells in lobules with watery cytoplasm and a 'fried egg' appearnace
No
Decrease
Seminoma
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal

49. What becomes the main source of hCG
Endocervix
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta
Choriocarcinoma

50. dx with increased testosterone and dec LH
17beta estradiol
Meigs syndrome
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids