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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the source of estrogen after menopause
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
Peripheral conversion of androgens
Placenta acreta
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage

2. What stimulation after labor induces lactation
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
Decreasing progesterone
Fallopian tube
Left gonadal vein - left renal vein - IVC

3. in chronic prostatitis is bacterial or abacterial more common
Abacterial
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy
Adenomyosis
Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles

4. Bent penis due to acquired fibrous tissue formation

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5. From What tissues to malignant breast tumors arise?
During fetal life
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
Blacks
Defective androgen receptor

6. equivalent to seminoma in the ovary and forms a sheet of uniform cells - marked by hCG and LDH
Tubular carcinoma
Dysgerminoma
Testosterone
Preeclampsia clinical

7. What is a true hermaphrodite
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
Embryonal carcinoma
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Calcifications

8. What does the tail go onto to form
The centrioles
Choriocarcinoma
Adenomyosis
Hydrocele

9. tumor is ductal with caseous necrosis
Production of a thick cervical mucus
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
Comedocarcinoma
Insulin resistance

10. which cysts results from gonadotropin stimulation and is associated with choriocarcinoma and moles
Theca - leutin cysts
Golgi
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Testosterone

11. histo: simple cuboidal epithelium
Female pseudoHerm
Ovary
Inhibition of HCG access
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery

12. tumor with orderly row of cells - often multiple and bilateral
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Invasive lobular
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Hydatidiform mole

13. predisposing factor to clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
Fibrosis
Partial
Decrease
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)

14. What is the number 1 risk factor for cervical dysplasia or carcinoma in situ
Testosterone
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
Inhibition of HCG access
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse

15. testicular atrophy - eunochoid body shape - tall - long extremities - gynecomastia - inactivated X chromosome - dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules - decreased inhibin - abnormal leydig cell function

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16. When are phyllodes tumors most common
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs
Embryonal carcinoma
In the 6th decade of life

17. inc fluid secondary to incomplete fustion with processus vaginalis
No
Hydrocele
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
Oligomenorrhea

18. What does progesterone do to gonadotropins
Inhibition LH and FSH
Paget's disease
Adrenal gland
Broad ligament

19. How long does it take for sperm to fully develop
2 months
Turner's XO
Post menopausal bleeding
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions

20. What is the presentation of fibrocystic dz
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor

21. What are the associated risk factors for malignant breast tumors
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure
Hydatidiform mole
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis
Inc estrogen - inc total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity

22. What are the effects of prolactin?
Prematurity
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Krukenburg tumor

23. What is the most common cause of breast lumps from age 25 to menopause
Endometrial carcinoma
Fibrocystic disease
Cystic
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione

24. What does LH do
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
50 times
Inc risk for carcinoma
Insulin resistance

25. decreased synthesis of gonadotropin in the ant pit - anosmia - lack of secondary sex characteristics
Hemorrhage
Kallman
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs

26. Where does FSH work - what enzyme works there - what substrate comes in and what leaves
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
Embryonal carcinoma
Trophoblasts

27. small - mobile - firm breast mass with sharp edges - most common in <25
Fibroadenoma
Testicular lymphoma
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy
Paget's disease - breast abscess

28. What changes in the aorta are common in Turner's?
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Preductal coarctication
Hydrocele
Golgi

29. What happens to a leiomyoma in pregs and menopause and why
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Left gonadal vein - left renal vein - IVC
Testosterone
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens

30. What does increasing estrogen do to GnRH receptors on ant pit - and What does this lead to...
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Calcifications
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Varicocele

31. hyperandrogenism due to deranged steroid synthesis by theca cells - inc LH leading to anovulation
PCOS
Trophoblasts
Polyhydramnios
Immature

32. Which nerve and nerve fibers control for ejaculation
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation

33. Where is testosterone secreted into?
Testosterone
The semiT and the blood vessels
Oligohydramnios
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione

34. cystic swelling of chorionic villi and proliferation of chorionic epithelium that presents with abnormal vaginal bleeding
Malignant in males not in females
Testosterone
Fibrosis
Hydatidiform mole

35. dilated epididymal duct
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
Spermatocele
Sclerosing adenosis

36. Which gynecologic tumors have the worst prognosis?
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial
Fructose
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa
Sertoli cells

37. What is the most frequent benign ovarian tumor
Increase (and LH)
Mature teratoma
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY

38. What is the genetic material in the primary oocyte?
Cardinal ligament
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Fibroadenoma
Ectocervix

39. atypical cells in epithelial hyperplasia
Inc risk for carcinoma
Mimics LH
HPV 16 - 18
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone

40. What is the most common pathogen in acute mastitis
Inc AFP and hCG
Mitochondria
Mucinous cystadenoma
S aureus

41. What is DHT responsible for in late development
2nd week of proliferative phase
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles

42. gynecological tumors from highest incidence to lowest
Hyperestrogenism
Post menopausal bleeding
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Acute mastitis

43. What substances other than inhibin do sertoli cells produce?
Increase (and LH)
Adenomyosis
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation

44. What does progesterone do in the endometrium
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
Peripheral adipose tissue
DIC

45. What does estrogen stimulate in the endometrium
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Cystic
Proliferation
Squamous cell carcinoma

46. Which system and nerve allow for erection in the male?
PANS - pelvic nerve
Complete
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection
Fallopian tube

47. Complication of retained placental tissue
Cardinal ligament
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Corpus luteum cyst
Hemorrhage

48. histologic type of fibrocystic with hyperplasia of breast stroma
Hemorrhage
Mitochondria
Tubular carcinoma
Fibrosis

49. What are the four functions of estrogen
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL
Smooth muscle

50. Risk factors for ectopic pregs
Dysgerminoma
PANS - pelvic nerve
Embryonal carcinoma
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery