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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the right venous drainage of the ovary/testis
Testosterone
Upregulation
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells

2. what increases the risk of cryptorchidism
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Uterus
Prematurity
Chromosomal abnormalities

3. What are causes of female pseudoHerm
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids

4. What is the flaggelum derived from
Inc risk for carcinoma
PANS - pelvic nerve
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
One of the centrioles

5. What is HELLP syndrome
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Calcifications
Menometrorrhagia
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast

6. malignant - inc hCG - disordered syncytiotrophoblastic and cytotrophoblastic elements - hematogenous spread
Production of a thick cervical mucus
Choriocarcinoma
Fibrocystic disease
Comedocarcinoma

7. What does inhibin do?
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
Inhibit FSH
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos

8. What is the main source of energy for spermatozoa
Fructose
Paget's disease - breast abscess
Testosterone
Brenner tumor

9. Short stature - ovarian dysgenesis - shield chest - no barr body - webbing of the neck

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10. What increase in estriol is an indicator offetal well being in pregnancy
1000 times
Inc AFP and hCG
Mitochondria
DCIS

11. heavy - irregular menstruation at irregular intervals
The centrioles
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
Epithelial hyperplasia
Menometrorrhagia

12. What is DHT responsible for in early development?
Ectopic preg
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate

13. Testosterone and estrogen in androgen insensitivity syndrome
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ of penis
BPH
Mucinous cystadenoma
Increase (and LH)

14. Bent penis due to acquired fibrous tissue formation

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15. What does progesterone do for pregnancy
Upregulation
Maintenance
Mittelschmerz syndrome
Peripheral adipose tissue

16. Where does prostatic adenocarcinoma arise from?
Posterior lobe peripheral zone
Squamo - columnar jxn
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
95%

17. what usually causes endometrial hyperplasia
Seminoma
Estrogen overstimulation
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Paget cell

18. blood from ruptured follicle causing peritoneal irritation that can mimic appendicitis
Blacks
Inc estrogen - inc total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Mittelschmerz syndrome

19. Connects uterus - fallopian tubes and ovaries to pelvic side wall - contains ovaries - fallapian tubes - and round ligaments of uterus
Yolk sac - endodermal sinus - tumor
Broad ligament
2nd week of proliferative phase
Follicular cyst

20. what stimulation is required to maintain milk production and What is the pathway
Suckling - inc oxytocin - prolactin
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL
Androgen insensitivity syndrome

21. when do primary oocytes begin meiosis I
Testosterone
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly
Hydatidiform mole
During fetal life

22. What increases risk for endometrial carcinoma
PANS - pelvic nerve
Sertoli cell tumor
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole

23. What is the karyotype of a complete mole
Inhibition of HCG access
BPH
Primary hypogonadism
46 xx

24. What sequelae are associated with leiomyoma
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
Inhibition of HCG access
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs

25. What are risk factors for placenta acreta
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa
Calcifications
Testosterone

26. Red velvety plaques - usually involving the glans - similar to Bowen's
Female pseudoHerm
Trophoblasts
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ of penis
Adenomyosis

27. 2 sperm + 1 egg
Partial
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation
Krukenburg tumor
Inc AFP and hCG

28. ovaries plus virilized external genitalia due to excessive and inappropriate exposure to androgenic steroids during early gestation
46 xx
Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles
Peripheral adipose tissue
Female pseudoHerm

29. histologic subtype of fibrocystic with inc acini and intralobular fibrosis
Osteoblastic in bone
Inc risk for carcinoma
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Sclerosing adenosis

30. Where is the enlargement found in BPH
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Metrorrhagia
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
Proliferation

31. attachment of palceta to lower uterine segment that may occlude internal os - painless bleeding in any trimester
Prematurity
Kallman
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
Placenta previa

32. What is the most common cause of breast lumps from age 25 to menopause
Fibrocystic disease
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery
Cystic
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur

33. histologic type of fibrocystic with fluid filled - blue dome and ductal dilation
During fetal life
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
Cystic

34. What is the average age of onset for menopause
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant
51 yo
Testosterone
Increase (and LH)

35. What is the most common gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma
Sertoli cells
Squamous cell carcinoma
BPH

36. Does a leiomyoma progress to leiosarcoma
Prophase
Hyperestrogenism
No
Testicular lymphoma

37. < 21 day cycle
Polymenorrhea
Puberty
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function

38. androblastoma from sex cord stroma
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
Sertoli cell tumor
Axillary node involvement

39. What is the typical cell change in HPV infection
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
Fibromas
Koilocytitic
Paget's disease

40. What does the histo show for prostate cancer
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
6
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Calcifications

41. complications of BPH
Preeclampsia clinical
Leydig cell tumor
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant

42. What estrogen does the placenta secrete
Cardinal ligament
Estradiol
The centrioles
Inhibit cGMP breakdown

43. Breast path - disease that occurs at the nipple

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44. blood containing cyst from ovarian endometriosis that varies with menstrual cycle
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
Chocolate cyst
Metaphase

45. What cellular structure is the acrosome derived from?
Golgi
Invasive lobular
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
Paget's disease

46. What is the treatment for hydatidiform mole
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL
Estrogen overstimulation
Placenta previa

47. What occurs to a fibroadenoma during pregnancy and menstruation and why
Ligament of the ovary
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant
Left gonadal vein - left renal vein - IVC
Inc size and tenderness with inc estrogen

48. What do sildenafil and vardenafil do?
Ectocervix
Para - aortic lymph nodes
Complete
Inhibit cGMP breakdown

49. In what phase is meiosis II arrested
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL
Metaphase
Embryonal carcinoma

50. disagreement between the phenotypic and gonadal sex
Estradiol
Pseudohermaphroditism
Increased FSH
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function