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Reproductive

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What is a true hermaphrodite
Female pseudoHerm
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Oligomenorrhea
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia

2. Connects ovaries to lateral pelvic wall - contains ovarian vessels
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
Polyhydramnios
Mucinous cystadenoma

3. What does the tail go onto to form
55-65
The centrioles
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
5 alpha reductase def

4. malignant - painless homogenous testicular enlargement - most common testicular tumor - affecting males ages 15 to 3 - large cells in lobules with watery cytoplasm and a 'fried egg' appearnace
Inhibition LH and FSH
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal
1 week - 2 weeks
Seminoma

5. What estrogen does the ovary secrete
17beta estradiol
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs

6. non neoplastic endometrial glands/stroma in abnormal locations outsdie the uterus
Spermatocele
Medullary
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Endometriosis

7. Where does prostatic adenocarcinoma arise from?
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis
Inhibit FSH
In the 6th decade of life
Posterior lobe peripheral zone

8. What hormones regulate sperm creation?
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Trophoblasts
Mature teratoma
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary

9. What is HELLP syndrome
Blacks
DIC
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
2 months

10. What does progesterone do to estrogen receptors
Comedocarcinoma
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Delivery of fetus
Down regulation

11. What are risk factors for placenta acreta
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa
Inhibition LH and FSH
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli

12. Breast path - disease that occurs at the nipple

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13. Benign - looks like bladder
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
PANS - pelvic nerve
Brenner tumor
Fallopian tube

14. Where is SCC of the penis more common and What is it associated with
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens

15. What is the expected increase of estradiol and estrone in pregnancy
50 times
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
Increase
Smoking - HTN - cocaine

16. What is DHT responsible for in early development?
Fibroadenoma
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity
Proliferation

17. vaginal carcinoma affecting girls < 4 spindle shaped tumors cells that are desmin positive
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant
Corpus luteum cyst
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse

18. complications of BPH
Feedback inhibition
Estrogen overstimulation
Aortic bicuspid valve
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant

19. Which androgen is responsible for differentiation of epididymis - vas deferens - seminal vesicles - internal genitalia (except prostate)
Suckling - inc oxytocin - prolactin
Granulosa cell tumor
Epithelial hyperplasia
Testosterone

20. How is dyslpasi and carcinoma in situ of the cervix classified
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Good - late metastasis
Brenner tumor
CIN 1 - 2 - 3

21. dx with decreased testosterone and decreased LH
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
The centrioles
Turner's XO
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile

22. common cause of recurrent miscarriage in the 1st week
Low progesterone
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant
Primary hypogonadism
Sertoli cell tumor

23. large - hyperchromatic syncytiotrophoblasts cells - inc freq theca leutin cysts - develops during pregnancy in mom or baby - marked by hCG
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
Calcifications
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Choriocarcinoma

24. ecsematous patches on nipple and/or vulva - suggests underlying carcinoma

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25. what structures supplies the energy to the middle piece (neck)
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA
Klinefelter's - XXY
Decreasing progesterone
Mitochondria

26. Which nerve and nerve fibers control for ejaculation
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone
5 alpha reductase def
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal

27. What is the karyotype of a partial mole
Inc freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Ligament of the ovary
Placenta previa
69 xxy

28. triad of ovarian fibroma - ascites - hydrothorax
Meigs syndrome
46 xx
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
Testosterone

29. What does gynecomastia result from?
Paget's disease - breast abscess
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
Hyperestrogenism
Golgi

30. histo: stratified sqamous epithelium
Brenner tumor
Ectocervix
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
1 week - 2 weeks

31. What changes are seen with total PSA and fraction of free PSA
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction
Delivery of fetus
Decreasing progesterone
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors

32. How does exogenous testosterone create azoospermia
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis
Female pseudoHerm
Inhibition of HCG access

33. Which androgen is responsible for libido
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Fibroadenoma
Decrease
Testosterone

34. What does estrogen to do prolaction
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL
Brenner tumor

35. gray - soliarty - crusty plaque - usually on the shaft of the penis or on the scrotum - peak incidence in 5th decade of life - can progress to invasive SCC in < 10% of cases

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36. Wher does dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the cervix usually begin
Delivery of fetus
Squamo - columnar jxn
Hydrocele
2nd week of proliferative phase

37. What converts testosterone to DHT
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Testicular lymphoma
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride
Estradiol

38. What does estrogen do to estrogen - LH and progesterone recepotrs
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis
Upregulation
Endometrial carcinoma
Testosterone

39. What is the single most important prognostic factor for malignant breast tumors
Axillary node involvement
Endometrial carcinoma
95%
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary

40. What does progesterone do to myometrial excitability
Decrease
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy

41. What is the common presentation of metastasis in prostate cancer
Complete
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
Inflammatory
Fructose

42. hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum
Fertilization 'an egg met a sperm'
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
No
Corpus luteum cyst

43. dx with increased testosterone and dec LH
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
Bicornute uterus
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione
Choriocarcinoma

44. Vaginal sqamous cell carcinoma is most often seconday From which site?
Cervix
Increase
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Metaphase

45. Dermal lymphatic invasion by breast carcinoma - peu d orange
Peripheral adipose tissue
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
Inflammatory

46. What are the associated risk factors for malignant breast tumors
Fructose
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection
Testicular lymphoma
Inc estrogen - inc total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity

47. hyperandrogenism due to deranged steroid synthesis by theca cells - inc LH leading to anovulation
Endocervix
Mitochondria
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
PCOS

48. What is the right venous drainage of the ovary/testis
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Mimics LH
Endometriosis
Call exner bodies

49. small follicles filled with eosinphilic secretions
Call exner bodies
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
Smooth muscle

50. Which androgen is responsible for the closing of the epiphyseal plate
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
Testosterone
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis