Reproductive

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. equivalent to seminoma in the ovary and forms a sheet of uniform cells - marked by hCG and LDH
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Dysgerminoma
Myometrial tumors
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery


2. What occurs to a fibroadenoma during pregnancy and menstruation and why
Acute mastitis
Inc size and tenderness with inc estrogen
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Female pseudoHerm


3. What does progesterone do to estrogen receptors
Down regulation
Paget's disease
Complete
Koilocytitic


4. What stimulation after labor induces lactation
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Decreasing progesterone
Paget's disease
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes


5. malignant - pseudomyxoma pertonei - intraperitoneal accumulation of mucinous material from ovarian or appendiceal tumor
Ligament of the ovary
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Post menopausal bleeding
Prior c section - multiparity


6. small breast tumor that grows in lactiferous ducts - typically beneath the areola with serous or bloody nipple discharge
Intraductal papilloma
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation
Adolescents
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids


7. What is the genetic material in the primary oocyte?
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Paget cell
Comedocarcinoma
Round ligament of the uterus


8. What is the most common pathogen in acute mastitis
Feedback inhibition
S aureus
DIC
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain


9. >1.5 -2 L of amniotic fluid
Sertoli cells
Testosterone
Polyhydramnios
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)


10. HTN - proteinuria and edema
E coli
Preeclampsia
Just prior to ovulation
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy


11. What does progesterone do to smooth muscle in the uterus
Relaxation
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage


12. Bent penis due to acquired fibrous tissue formation

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13. what structures supplies the energy to the middle piece (neck)
Fructose
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
Decrease
Mitochondria


14. What is the best test to confirm menopause
Increased FSH
Round ligament of uterus
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Delivery of fetus


15. What are the pathologic features of leiosarcoma
Myometrial invasion
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Call exner bodies
Seminoma


16. What is the treatment for hydatidiform mole
S aureus
Squamo - columnar jxn
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Intraductal papilloma


17. What does progesterone do to gonadotropins
Vagina
Complete
Inhibition LH and FSH
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile


18. ecsematous patches on nipple and/or vulva - suggests underlying carcinoma

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19. in chronic prostatitis is bacterial or abacterial more common
Abacterial
Choriocarcinoma
Trophoblasts
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate


20. What are predisposing factors for placenta previa
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Fibrocystic disease
Prior c section - multiparity
Meigs syndrome


21. What is the order of events in the menstrual cycle
Testosterone
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
20 to 40
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary


22. What are the useful tumor parkers in prostatic adenocarcinoma
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA
Paget's disease
Endometriosis
Preeclampsia + siezures


23. How long does it take for sperm to fully develop
2 months
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens
Tubular carcinoma
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate


24. What does progesterone do to body temp
Broad ligament
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Increase
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs


25. What is the lymphatic drainage of the distal 1/3 of the vagina/scrotum/vulva
Koilocytitic
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage
SANS - hypogastric nerve


26. What is mortality due to in preeclampsia
Inc size and tenderness with inc estrogen
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome


27. Which side is varicocele more common on...
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
DCIS
Malignant in males not in females
Left


28. What happens to a leiomyoma in pregs and menopause and why
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
4
Chromosomal abnormalities
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens


29. gray - soliarty - crusty plaque - usually on the shaft of the penis or on the scrotum - peak incidence in 5th decade of life - can progress to invasive SCC in < 10% of cases

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30. Testosterone and estrogen in androgen insensitivity syndrome
Increase (and LH)
Cystic
Varicocele
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids


31. What is the presentation of fibrocystic dz
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and inc transport proteins like SHBG inc HDL and dec LDL
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes


32. When does the secondary oocyte complete meosis II

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33. Which system and nerve allow for erection in the male?
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
PANS - pelvic nerve
Bicornute uterus


34. What are the risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia
50 times
Hemorrhage
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor
Production of a thick cervical mucus


35. histologic subtype of fibrocystic with inc acini and intralobular fibrosis
Granulosa cell tumor
Sclerosing adenosis
PCOS
Follicular cyst


36. tumor is ductal with caseous necrosis
Comedocarcinoma
Testicular lymphoma
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation


37. How is prostatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed
Hemorrhage
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure
Inhibition LH and FSH
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy


38. Breast path - disease that occurs at the nipple

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39. eclampsia
46 xx
Preeclampsia + siezures
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
Oligohydramnios


40. What are common causes of hyperestrogenism

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41. What are the 4 sources of progesterone
Granulosa cell tumor
No
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes


42. What is the main source of energy for spermatozoa
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Fructose
Mittelschmerz syndrome
Fibroadenoma


43. malignant - inc hCG - disordered syncytiotrophoblastic and cytotrophoblastic elements - hematogenous spread
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
Choriocarcinoma
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?
Ovary


44. What does FSH do
Theca - leutin cysts
PSA
Stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibin
Immature


45. In what phase is meiosis I arrested
Endometrial carcinoma
Down regulation
Prophase
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism


46. testicular atrophy - eunochoid body shape - tall - long extremities - gynecomastia - inactivated X chromosome - dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules - decreased inhibin - abnormal leydig cell function

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47. What increases risk for endometrial carcinoma
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Primary hypogonadism
Insulin resistance
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause


48. What do leydig cells secrete?
Preeclampsia
Testosterone
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Estradiol > estrone > estriol


49. What is the right venous drainage of the ovary/testis
Embryonal carcinoma
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Sclerosing adenosis
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14


50. Which nerve and nerve fibers control for ejaculation
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Varicocele
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal