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Reproductive

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is hydatidiform mole and precurosor of...
Choriocarcinoma
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Calcifications
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain

2. Where does FSH work - what enzyme works there - what substrate comes in and what leaves
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Peripheral conversion of androgens
Mitochondria
Inc in total - and dec in free fraction

3. what stimulation is required to maintain milk production and What is the pathway
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Inc size and tenderness with inc estrogen
Suckling - inc oxytocin - prolactin

4. reinke crystals - androgen producing - gynecomastia in men - precocious puberty in boys - golden brown color
Leydig cell tumor
PCOS
Chromosomal abnormalities
Testosterone

5. benign painless lump - forms as a result of injury to breast tissue - possible history of trauma
Upregulation
Fat necrosis
Estrogen overstimulation
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT

6. How does exogenous testosterone create azoospermia
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2
Fat necrosis
Fallopian tube
Inhibition of HCG access

7. 2 sperm + empty egg
Complete
BPH
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis

8. What is a potential complication of endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrial carcinoma
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa
1000 times
Increased FSH

9. What effect does NE have on smoothe muscle in the erectile tissues
Preeclampsia clinical
Inc Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
6
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis

10. Why does the skin resemble an orange peel in inflammatory type of maligantn breast tumor
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
Primary hypogonadism
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
The semiT and the blood vessels

11. What hormones regulate sperm creation?
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor

12. What are the 4 sources of progesterone
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
Placenta acreta
Vagina
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli

13. What are the pathologic features of leiosarcoma
Choriocarcinoma
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Choriocarcinoma

14. What is the presentation of prostatitis
Decreasing progesterone
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
Chocolate cyst
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain

15. What is the presentation of fibrocystic dz
Invasive lobular
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
2nd week of proliferative phase

16. Prevention of seizures and in preeclampsia
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
1 week - 2 weeks
Placenta acreta
IV mag sulfate - diazepam

17. Invasive carcinoma of the cervix is usually caused By what kind of malignancy
Intraductal papilloma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Menopause
Choriocarcinoma

18. What is DHT responsible for in early development?
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa

19. What is the lymphatic drainage of the proximal 2/3 of the vagina/uterus
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
Chocolate cyst
Prophase

20. Which androgen is responsible for differentiation of epididymis - vas deferens - seminal vesicles - internal genitalia (except prostate)
Testosterone
Defective androgen receptor
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
Osteoblastic in bone

21. < 21 day cycle
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery
Polymenorrhea
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone
Meigs syndrome

22. What does the SRY gene do
Testis determining factor
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
Polymenorrhea
The centrioles

23. Connects ovaries to lateral pelvic wall - contains ovarian vessels
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
Granulosa cell tumor

24. inability to convert testosterone to DHT - limited to genetic males - penis at 12
Estradiol
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids
5 alpha reductase def
PANS - pelvic nerve

25. How long does it take for sperm to fully develop
Increase
Axillary node involvement
Malignant in males not in females
2 months

26. What causes preeclampsia
Paget cell
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
Leydig cell tumor

27. What does hCG do in the first trimester to maintain the corpus luteum
Feedback inhibition
Post menopausal bleeding
Mimics LH
No

28. Between What two phases does the sperm acquire the acrosome - flagellum - and middle piece
Phyllodes tumor
Preductal coarctication
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
1000 times

29. small follicles filled with eosinphilic secretions
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS
Call exner bodies
Endometriosis
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)

30. most common testicular cancer in older men
Endometriosis
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
Testicular lymphoma
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation

31. histologic type of fibrocystic with fluid filled - blue dome and ductal dilation
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Cystic
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
Increased FSH

32. In what phase is meiosis II arrested
Metaphase
Ectocervix
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
No

33. dx with increased testosterone and inc LH
Placenta previa
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Defective androgen receptor
Bicornute uterus

34. hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum
50 times
Chromosomal abnormalities
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
Corpus luteum cyst

35. malignancy in ovaries - testis - sacrococcygeal area of young children - yellow friable solid masses with 50% having schiller - duval bodies
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Teratoma
Testosterone
SANS - hypogastric nerve

36. dx with decreased testosterone and decreased LH
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor
Upregulation
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Acute mastitis

37. histo: simple columnar epithelium - pseudostratified tubular glands
Uterus
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
HPV 16 - 18
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor

38. What is a complication of invasive carcinoma
Fibromas
Peyronie's dz
Complete
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure

39. What is the treatment for hydatidiform mole
Hemorrhage
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
Chromosomal abnormalities

40. equivalent to seminoma in the ovary and forms a sheet of uniform cells - marked by hCG and LDH
Myometrial invasion
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione
Dysgerminoma

41. What does the tail go onto to form
Meigs syndrome
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
The centrioles
Endometrial carcinoma

42. What are common causes of hyperestrogenism

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43. Vaginal sqamous cell carcinoma is most often seconday From which site?
Cervix
During fetal life
Just prior to ovulation
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage

44. What complications are associated with oligohydramnios

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45. histo: stratified squamous epithelium - nonkeratinized
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant
Vagina

46. What does progesterone do in the endometrium
BPH
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Testosterone

47. Where is testosterone converted to estrogen
2nd week of proliferative phase
Peripheral adipose tissue
Partial
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase

48. What is the main source of energy for spermatozoa
Cardinal ligament
Dysgerminoma
Fructose
1 week - 2 weeks

49. A leimyoma is overgrowth of what cell
Smooth muscle
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Inc cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile

50. Where is androstenedione made?
Production of a thick cervical mucus
Inc risk for carcinoma
No
Adrenal gland