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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occur when the questions asked on a sample survey are confusing or leading
ordinal data
operational definition
frequency polygon
wording effects
2. Variables other than IV that participants in - one group have that makes them different - from the other group. Two variables linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their specific effects.
control condition
confounding of variables
quasi-experiment
illusory correlation
3. Relationship between variables in which as one variable increases - the other also increases - OR as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same direction.
percentile rank
replication
negative correlation
positive correlation
4. Measure of the extent to which two factors vary together which can be positive or negative or non
type one error
correlation
psychological test
random sample
5. Researchers takes subjects & conditions as they naturally occur - with little if any control over what happens. no random assignment so no cause and effect can be determined
quasi-experiment
naturalistic observation
random sample
test-retest reliability
6. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
random assignment
debriefing
case study
ratio data
7. Effects of being born and raised in a particular time or situation where all other members of your group has similar experiences makes your group unique from others
scientific method
stratified sample
cohort effects
replication
8. Tendency to believe - after learning an outcome - that one would have foreseen it.
deception
correlation coefficient
hindsight bias
negative correlation
9. Middle score in a distribution; half scores are above it and half are below it.
hindsight bias
median
random sample
frequency histogram
10. Measures whether a test looks like it tests what it is supposed to test as determined by a quick look or evaluation by a non expert
wording effects
random selection
face validity
controls
11. Descriptive research technique in which one person or a small group is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles
double-blind procedure
reliability
case study
validity
12. Series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data - formulating a hypothesis - testing the hypothesis - and stating conclusions
type one error
criterion validity
experimenter bias
scientific method
13. In-depth - intensive investigation of individual or small group of people which involves interviews and personal interpretations by researcher. It may also be supplemented with psychological or medical tests
n
case study
correlational study
double-blind procedure
14. Indication of how likely a result obtained occurred by chance - expressed as p or sig.
statistical significance
frequency histogram
null hypothesis
overconfidence effect
15. People of different ages are compared to one another at a single point in time
cross-sectional research
controls
type two error
hindsight bias
16. Results of experiment are SIGNIFICANT - they are not likely caused by chance
p<.05
debriefing
correlational study
split half reliability
17. Condition of experiment that contrasts with experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
meta analysis
positive correlation
control condition
interval data
18. Testable and falsifiable prediction - often implied by a theory
hypothesis
cohort effects
dependent variable
interval data
19. Differences between values can be found - but is NO absolute ZERO. Examples: temperature F - time
mean
range
interval data
ratio data
20. Degree to which test is representative of total domain its supposed to cover.
n
correlational study
content validity
placebo effect
21. Procedure that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate
experimental condition
p<.05
random selection
cross-sectional research
22. Repeating of research study to determine if its finding extends to other participants and circumstances
face validity
replication
positive correlation
quasi-experiment
23. Most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution.
alternate form reliability
mode
mean
operational definition
24. Procedure for statistically combining results of many different research studies
face validity
negative (left) skew
false consensus effect
meta analysis
25. If you take the same test 2x's & you get the same results it shows ______ reliability
test-retest reliability
sampling bias
wording effects
n
26. More than one individual scores same test - regardless of who rates test - scores should be the same for _____ reliability
random sample
experiment
mode
inter-rater reliability
27. Condition of experiment that exposes participants to treatment - that is - to one version of the IV
null hypothesis
double-blind procedure
negative correlation
experimental condition
28. Variable not relevant to what you are studying that has unplanned effect on DV. It may influence results - but all conditions are effected so it does not create bias.
validity
positive correlation
interval data
extraneous variables
29. Sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
mode
random sample
null hypothesis
negative (left) skew
30. Expectations by researcher that might influence results of experiment or its interpretation
ANOVA
debriefing
validity
experimenter bias
31. Any selection method that results in subset of the population (sample) that is not representative - and/or not random
independent variable
generalizability
sampling bias
range
32. Relationship that exists when one set of data values increases while the other decreases
negative correlation
scientific method
test-retest reliability
content validity
33. Statement of procedures used to explain research variables in enough detail to allow for replication
z score
criterion validity
p value
operational definition
34. Graphed cluster of dots - each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
face validity
scatterplot
quasi-experiment
median
35. A research method that looks like an experiment BUT subjects are not randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (no cause and effect can be drawn)
placebo effect
quasi experiment
negative correlation
type one error
36. Tendency to overestimate extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
experimental condition
false consensus effect
empiricism
wording effects
37. Statement that describes how to measure a particular variable or define a particular term specifically in a study
case study
n
operational definition
p<.05
38. 'Fake subjects' that look & behave like real subjects in study.
quasi experiment
confederates
wording effects
correlational study
39. Research method in which investigator manipulates one or more factors (IV) to observe effect on some behavior or mental process (DV)
experiment
wording effects
frequency polygon
Hawthorne Effect
40. Extent to which a test yields consistent results - a measure is repeatable
cohort effects
reliability
type one error
survey
41. Measuring device or procedure designed to measure psychology-related variables. A measurement that results in a score or result that is standardized
sampling bias
psychological test
false consensus effect
split half reliability
42. Variable that may change in response to manipulations of the IV (what is measured)
face validity
empiricism
dependent variable
debriefing
43. The probability level which forms basis for deciding if results are statistically significant (not due to chance).
p value
correlation
null hypothesis
positive (right) skew
44. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to different groups.
content validity
quasi experiment
random assignment
validity
45. Form of validity in which a psychological measure is able to predict some future behavior or is meaningfully related to some other measure
inter-rater reliability
criterion validity
scientific method
experiment
46. Procedure in which info that could introduce bias the result is withheld from participants - but experimenter will be in full possession of facts
p<.05
replication
normal distribution
single-blind procedure
47. Symbol used for Pearson Correlation Coefficient ranges from -1.0 to +1.0
experimenter bias
random assignment
r
sampling bias
48. Tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself.
random assignment
social desirability bias
r
single-blind procedure
49. Association between increases in one variable and decreases in another
case study
random sample
negative correlation
illusory correlation
50. Experimental procedure in which both research participants and research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo.
negative (left) skew
double-blind procedure
cohort effects
Hawthorne Effect