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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
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Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Hawthorne Effect
type two error
naturalistic observation
ratio data
2. A type of reliability - where different versions of same instrument are used and scores are compared
percentile rank
alternate form reliability
false consensus effect
reliability
3. Perception of a correlation between variables where none exists.
cross-sectional research
control condition
illusory correlation
quasi experiment
4. Results of experiment are SIGNIFICANT - they are not likely caused by chance
null hypothesis
range
correlation coefficient
p<.05
5. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent.
placebo effect
null hypothesis
longitudinal research
generalizability
6. A test is divided into 2 halves and scores on the halves are compared to see if test is consistent within itself. Ex. compare odds & evens
split half reliability
frequency histogram
inter-rater reliability
random selection
7. All cases in a group - from which samples may be drawn for a study
population
independent variable
dependent variable
illusory correlation
8. Skewed distribution where data has many more scores toward the lower end of the distribution
experimenter bias
positive (right) skew
generalizability
inter-rater reliability
9. Degree to which test is representative of total domain its supposed to cover.
debriefing
random selection
alternate form reliability
content validity
10. Tendency to overestimate extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
confounding of variables
false consensus effect
illusory correlation
controls
11. Most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution.
controls
correlation
mode
type one error
12. Descriptive research technique in which one person or a small group is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles
statistical significance
case study
type one error
frequency polygon
13. Measure of the extent to which two factors vary together which can be positive or negative or non
criterion validity
psychological test
meta analysis
correlation
14. Research project designed to discover degree to which two variables are related to each other
hypothesis
dependent variable
ANOVA
correlational study
15. Testable and falsifiable prediction - often implied by a theory
normal distribution
quasi-experiment
p value
hypothesis
16. More than one individual scores same test - regardless of who rates test - scores should be the same for _____ reliability
inter-rater reliability
illusory correlation
debriefing
correlation
17. Research in which the same people are re-studied and re-tested over a long period
wording effects
ratio data
longitudinal research
replication
18. Type of line graph that shows frequency distributions
false consensus effect
sampling bias
frequency polygon
illusory correlation
19. Form of validity in which a psychological measure is able to predict some future behavior or is meaningfully related to some other measure
criterion validity
validity
random assignment
independent variable
20. Symbol used to represent the total number of subjects in a research study
n
null hypothesis
stratified sample
standard deviation
21. Sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in general population
extraneous variables
inter-rater reliability
stratified sample
theory
22. Data of categories only. Data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme. (Gender - Race - Religion)
nominal data
sampling bias
content validity
statistical significance
23. Perception of relationship where none exists.
operational definition
positive correlation
illusory correlation
median
24. Tendency to believe - after learning an outcome - that one would have foreseen it.
ANOVA
random sample
hindsight bias
case study
25. Computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.
standard deviation
scatterplot
ordinal data
Hawthorne Effect
26. Correlation where as one variable increases - the other also increases - or as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in same direction.
survey
positive correlation
dependent variable
percentile rank
27. Occur when the questions asked on a sample survey are confusing or leading
nominal data
negative correlation
wording effects
generalizability
28. Middle score in a distribution; half scores are above it and half are below it.
content validity
negative correlation
standard deviation
median
29. Giving participants in a research study a complete explanation of the study after the study is completed needed for deception
quasi experiment
positive (right) skew
debriefing
longitudinal research
30. Measuring device or procedure designed to measure psychology-related variables. A measurement that results in a score or result that is standardized
psychological test
positive correlation
population
naturalistic observation
31. Change in subject's behavior caused simply by awareness of being studied
Hawthorne Effect
type two error
negative (left) skew
ANOVA
32. Descriptive research that involves observing and recording behavior without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
ordinal data
confederates
naturalistic observation
validity
33. Condition of experiment that contrasts with experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
control condition
alternate form reliability
mode
experiment
34. Variable not relevant to what you are studying that has unplanned effect on DV. It may influence results - but all conditions are effected so it does not create bias.
frequency polygon
extraneous variables
experimenter bias
type one error
35. Series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data - formulating a hypothesis - testing the hypothesis - and stating conclusions
scientific method
sampling bias
cohort effects
double-blind procedure
36. Researchers takes subjects & conditions as they naturally occur - with little if any control over what happens. no random assignment so no cause and effect can be determined
scientific method
quasi-experiment
wording effects
experimental condition
37. Experimental factor that is manipulated; variable whose effect is being studied.
quasi experiment
mode
independent variable
correlation
38. Rejecting null hypothesis when it is actually true - a false positive
type two error
type one error
social desirability bias
replication
39. Subset of a population in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected
random assignment
random sample
null hypothesis
negative correlation
40. Association between increases in one variable and decreases in another
criterion validity
negative correlation
positive (right) skew
controls
41. Bar graph that shows frequency distributions
criterion validity
frequency histogram
sampling bias
Hawthorne Effect
42. Relationship that exists when one set of data values increases while the other decreases
negative correlation
wording effects
criterion validity
ordinal data
43. Statement of procedures used to explain research variables in enough detail to allow for replication
operational definition
negative correlation
theory
correlation
44. Extent to which a test yields consistent results - a measure is repeatable
theory
generalizability
reliability
z score
45. Procedure in which info that could introduce bias the result is withheld from participants - but experimenter will be in full possession of facts
stratified sample
confederates
positive correlation
single-blind procedure
46. The probability level which forms basis for deciding if results are statistically significant (not due to chance).
negative correlation
frequency histogram
p value
hypothesis
47. Graphed cluster of dots - each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
Hawthorne Effect
percentile rank
scatterplot
ordinal data
48. People of different ages are compared to one another at a single point in time
quasi-experiment
placebo effect
cross-sectional research
experimental condition
49. Research method in which info is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions
p<.05
theory
survey
standard deviation
50. Extent to which the findings from one group (or sample) can be generalized or applied to other groups (or population
median
replication
ratio data
generalizability
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