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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. People of different ages are compared to one another at a single point in time
random assignment
cross-sectional research
construct validity
operational definition
2. Relationship that exists when one set of data values increases while the other decreases
negative correlation
false consensus effect
stratified sample
ordinal data
3. Any selection method that results in subset of the population (sample) that is not representative - and/or not random
sampling bias
experiment
controls
mean
4. Data with an absolute 0. Ratios are meaningful. (Length - Width - Weight - Distance)
split half reliability
ratio data
p value
deception
5. Statistical measure of strength of association between two variables ranging from -1.0 to 1.0
correlation coefficient
replication
quasi experiment
single-blind procedure
6. Method by which participants are misinformed or misled about study's methods and purposes - must be told truth about this in debriefing
theory
positive correlation
positive (right) skew
deception
7. Descriptive research that involves observing and recording behavior without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
random sample
correlation coefficient
naturalistic observation
empiricism
8. Measures whether a test looks like it tests what it is supposed to test as determined by a quick look or evaluation by a non expert
positive correlation
n
face validity
sampling bias
9. Differences between values can be found - but is NO absolute ZERO. Examples: temperature F - time
extraneous variables
correlation coefficient
interval data
negative correlation
10. Variable that may change in response to manipulations of the IV (what is measured)
double-blind procedure
dependent variable
population
cross-sectional research
11. Type of line graph that shows frequency distributions
survey
frequency polygon
correlation coefficient
ANOVA
12. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent.
stratified sample
false consensus effect
placebo effect
generalizability
13. Giving participants in a research study a complete explanation of the study after the study is completed needed for deception
criterion validity
standard deviation
negative (left) skew
debriefing
14. Arithmetic average of a distribution -
type two error
mode
scatterplot
mean
15. Research in which the same people are re-studied and re-tested over a long period
frequency polygon
case study
longitudinal research
frequency histogram
16. Sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
alternate form reliability
random sample
frequency histogram
correlation coefficient
17. If you take the same test 2x's & you get the same results it shows ______ reliability
scientific method
naturalistic observation
test-retest reliability
experimental condition
18. Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to - test accuracy
validity
overconfidence effect
ratio data
hindsight bias
19. Indication of how likely a result obtained occurred by chance - expressed as p or sig.
statistical significance
theory
frequency histogram
criterion validity
20. Sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in general population
quasi experiment
face validity
illusory correlation
stratified sample
21. View that science flourishes through observation and experiment.
theory
experimental condition
empiricism
correlational study
22. Most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution.
mode
operational definition
ratio data
content validity
23. Research method in which info is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions
survey
generalizability
correlational study
correlation coefficient
24. Variable not relevant to what you are studying that has unplanned effect on DV. It may influence results - but all conditions are effected so it does not create bias.
placebo effect
controls
median
extraneous variables
25. Researchers takes subjects & conditions as they naturally occur - with little if any control over what happens. no random assignment so no cause and effect can be determined
correlational study
scientific method
quasi-experiment
percentile rank
26. Symbol used for Pearson Correlation Coefficient ranges from -1.0 to +1.0
overconfidence effect
dependent variable
median
r
27. Perception of relationship where none exists.
confounding of variables
random sample
Hawthorne Effect
illusory correlation
28. Association between increases in one variable and decreases in another
n
negative (left) skew
hindsight bias
negative correlation
29. Extent to which the findings from one group (or sample) can be generalized or applied to other groups (or population
generalizability
random selection
meta analysis
inter-rater reliability
30. Experimental factor that is manipulated; variable whose effect is being studied.
hindsight bias
case study
independent variable
control condition
31. Percentage of scores falling at or below a specific score.
stratified sample
experimental condition
random assignment
percentile rank
32. The probability level which forms basis for deciding if results are statistically significant (not due to chance).
p value
z score
type two error
debriefing
33. A test is divided into 2 halves and scores on the halves are compared to see if test is consistent within itself. Ex. compare odds & evens
split half reliability
random assignment
validity
illusory correlation
34. A type of reliability - where different versions of same instrument are used and scores are compared
population
psychological test
placebo effect
alternate form reliability
35. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Hawthorne Effect
type one error
percentile rank
test-retest reliability
36. Rejecting null hypothesis when it is actually true - a false positive
replication
hindsight bias
p<.05
type one error
37. Set of assumptions used to explain phenomena & offered for scientific study
ordinal data
meta analysis
control condition
theory
38. Condition of experiment that contrasts with experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
confederates
negative correlation
control condition
replication
39. Data of categories only. Data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme. (Gender - Race - Religion)
nominal data
experiment
normal distribution
false consensus effect
40. Tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself.
positive (right) skew
mode
random assignment
social desirability bias
41. Statement that describes how to measure a particular variable or define a particular term specifically in a study
positive correlation
operational definition
scatterplot
median
42. Bell-shaped curve that results when values of a trait in a population are plotted against their frequency
normal distribution
n
operational definition
Hawthorne Effect
43. Expectations by researcher that might influence results of experiment or its interpretation
range
experimenter bias
random assignment
double-blind procedure
44. Statement of procedures used to explain research variables in enough detail to allow for replication
operational definition
illusory correlation
wording effects
quasi experiment
45. Graphed cluster of dots - each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
scatterplot
random assignment
cross-sectional research
theory
46. Difference between highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
nominal data
range
percentile rank
normal distribution
47. Symbol used to represent the total number of subjects in a research study
placebo effect
scatterplot
positive correlation
n
48. Procedure for statistically combining results of many different research studies
confederates
meta analysis
random assignment
face validity
49. Procedure in which info that could introduce bias the result is withheld from participants - but experimenter will be in full possession of facts
single-blind procedure
case study
negative correlation
frequency histogram
50. Tendency to overestimate extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
validity
inter-rater reliability
false consensus effect
deception