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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
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Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Procedure that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate
random selection
stratified sample
extraneous variables
construct validity
2. Skewed distribution where data has many more scores toward the lower end of the distribution
null hypothesis
experimenter bias
placebo effect
positive (right) skew
3. Variable that may change in response to manipulations of the IV (what is measured)
dependent variable
stratified sample
controls
wording effects
4. Condition of experiment that exposes participants to treatment - that is - to one version of the IV
experimental condition
empiricism
type two error
frequency histogram
5. Sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in general population
survey
stratified sample
operational definition
p<.05
6. Difference between highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
random sample
wording effects
range
type one error
7. Hypothesis that predicts NO relationship between variables. The aim of research is to reject this hypothesis
ANOVA
placebo effect
null hypothesis
standard deviation
8. Variable not relevant to what you are studying that has unplanned effect on DV. It may influence results - but all conditions are effected so it does not create bias.
Hawthorne Effect
extraneous variables
split half reliability
dependent variable
9. Series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data - formulating a hypothesis - testing the hypothesis - and stating conclusions
scientific method
correlation coefficient
social desirability bias
Hawthorne Effect
10. All cases in a group - from which samples may be drawn for a study
population
percentile rank
extraneous variables
case study
11. Arithmetic average of a distribution -
operational definition
mean
percentile rank
random assignment
12. Repeating of research study to determine if its finding extends to other participants and circumstances
positive (right) skew
replication
Hawthorne Effect
range
13. Change in subject's behavior caused simply by awareness of being studied
scientific method
Hawthorne Effect
longitudinal research
scatterplot
14. The probability level which forms basis for deciding if results are statistically significant (not due to chance).
stratified sample
experimental condition
p value
operational definition
15. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to different groups.
random assignment
reliability
operational definition
case study
16. Type of line graph that shows frequency distributions
frequency polygon
dependent variable
r
generalizability
17. Set of assumptions used to explain phenomena & offered for scientific study
generalizability
theory
mode
criterion validity
18. Middle score in a distribution; half scores are above it and half are below it.
frequency polygon
range
median
psychological test
19. A type of reliability - where different versions of same instrument are used and scores are compared
alternate form reliability
statistical significance
r
split half reliability
20. Results of experiment are SIGNIFICANT - they are not likely caused by chance
construct validity
p<.05
n
experimental condition
21. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent.
positive (right) skew
positive correlation
illusory correlation
placebo effect
22. Measures whether a test looks like it tests what it is supposed to test as determined by a quick look or evaluation by a non expert
negative correlation
face validity
test-retest reliability
alternate form reliability
23. Form of validity in which a psychological measure is able to predict some future behavior or is meaningfully related to some other measure
confounding of variables
case study
statistical significance
criterion validity
24. Extent to which the findings from one group (or sample) can be generalized or applied to other groups (or population
generalizability
nominal data
correlational study
stratified sample
25. In a normal distribution it tells you how far a number is above or below mean in terms of standard deviations.
wording effects
positive correlation
z score
double-blind procedure
26. Bell-shaped curve that results when values of a trait in a population are plotted against their frequency
r
hypothesis
interval data
normal distribution
27. Rejecting null hypothesis when it is actually true - a false positive
split half reliability
Hawthorne Effect
type one error
false consensus effect
28. Tendency to believe - after learning an outcome - that one would have foreseen it.
null hypothesis
cohort effects
ratio data
hindsight bias
29. Procedure for statistically combining results of many different research studies
deception
extraneous variables
validity
meta analysis
30. Degree to which test is representative of total domain its supposed to cover.
case study
content validity
p<.05
meta analysis
31. Descriptive research that involves observing and recording behavior without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
naturalistic observation
interval data
ordinal data
empiricism
32. Condition of experiment that contrasts with experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
control condition
generalizability
cross-sectional research
standard deviation
33. Measure of the extent to which two factors vary together which can be positive or negative or non
correlation coefficient
correlation
theory
Hawthorne Effect
34. Percentage of scores falling at or below a specific score.
n
confounding of variables
percentile rank
scatterplot
35. Giving participants in a research study a complete explanation of the study after the study is completed needed for deception
hindsight bias
debriefing
wording effects
social desirability bias
36. Subset of a population in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected
random sample
p value
mode
content validity
37. Statistical method for making simultaneous comparisons between two or more means
ANOVA
replication
theory
double-blind procedure
38. 'Fake subjects' that look & behave like real subjects in study.
n
validity
confederates
negative correlation
39. Experimental factor that is manipulated; variable whose effect is being studied.
random assignment
case study
quasi experiment
independent variable
40. We overestimate our accuracy and our changes of success and ability to predict and explain
psychological test
debriefing
correlational study
overconfidence effect
41. Effects of being born and raised in a particular time or situation where all other members of your group has similar experiences makes your group unique from others
percentile rank
overconfidence effect
placebo effect
cohort effects
42. People of different ages are compared to one another at a single point in time
construct validity
cross-sectional research
criterion validity
operational definition
43. Bar graph that shows frequency distributions
frequency histogram
double-blind procedure
operational definition
negative (left) skew
44. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
generalizability
correlational study
random assignment
empiricism
45. Measuring device or procedure designed to measure psychology-related variables. A measurement that results in a score or result that is standardized
construct validity
survey
psychological test
experiment
46. A test is divided into 2 halves and scores on the halves are compared to see if test is consistent within itself. Ex. compare odds & evens
split half reliability
replication
deception
experimental condition
47. Data of categories only. Data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme. (Gender - Race - Religion)
experiment
split half reliability
Hawthorne Effect
nominal data
48. Relationship between variables in which as one variable increases - the other also increases - OR as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same direction.
random selection
positive correlation
reliability
illusory correlation
49. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Hawthorne Effect
quasi experiment
naturalistic observation
ordinal data
50. Statement of procedures used to explain research variables in enough detail to allow for replication
interval data
operational definition
single-blind procedure
random assignment
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