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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Descriptive research that involves observing and recording behavior without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
random sample
mode
naturalistic observation
correlational study
2. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Hawthorne Effect
scientific method
correlation
standard deviation
3. Skewed distribution where data has many more scores toward the lower end of the distribution
positive (right) skew
theory
wording effects
content validity
4. Sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
hindsight bias
meta analysis
random sample
cross-sectional research
5. Data of categories only. Data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme. (Gender - Race - Religion)
nominal data
correlation coefficient
quasi experiment
overconfidence effect
6. Extent to which the findings from one group (or sample) can be generalized or applied to other groups (or population
correlation
generalizability
survey
type two error
7. Bar graph that shows frequency distributions
frequency histogram
random assignment
positive correlation
generalizability
8. Giving participants in a research study a complete explanation of the study after the study is completed needed for deception
illusory correlation
standard deviation
positive correlation
debriefing
9. View that science flourishes through observation and experiment.
empiricism
negative correlation
operational definition
quasi-experiment
10. A research method that looks like an experiment BUT subjects are not randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (no cause and effect can be drawn)
percentile rank
quasi experiment
r
alternate form reliability
11. Repeating of research study to determine if its finding extends to other participants and circumstances
dependent variable
illusory correlation
nominal data
replication
12. Most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution.
case study
mode
psychological test
confounding of variables
13. Experimental factor that is manipulated; variable whose effect is being studied.
cohort effects
double-blind procedure
standard deviation
independent variable
14. Skewed distribution with many more scores on the higher end of the distribution
experimenter bias
median
cross-sectional research
negative (left) skew
15. Research project designed to discover degree to which two variables are related to each other
naturalistic observation
correlational study
p<.05
interval data
16. Results of experiment are SIGNIFICANT - they are not likely caused by chance
p<.05
z score
scatterplot
population
17. Correlation where as one variable increases - the other also increases - or as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in same direction.
confounding of variables
positive correlation
ANOVA
illusory correlation
18. Research in which the same people are re-studied and re-tested over a long period
percentile rank
normal distribution
construct validity
longitudinal research
19. Procedure for statistically combining results of many different research studies
inter-rater reliability
test-retest reliability
type two error
meta analysis
20. Tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself.
correlation coefficient
ordinal data
social desirability bias
random sample
21. Extent to which scores suggest that a test is actually measuring an ABSTRACT theoretical idea (such as anxiety - personality - introversion - etc.).
p<.05
r
construct validity
scientific method
22. People of different ages are compared to one another at a single point in time
normal distribution
cross-sectional research
empiricism
test-retest reliability
23. Extent to which a test yields consistent results - a measure is repeatable
sampling bias
false consensus effect
reliability
confederates
24. A test is divided into 2 halves and scores on the halves are compared to see if test is consistent within itself. Ex. compare odds & evens
ordinal data
dependent variable
split half reliability
population
25. 'Fake subjects' that look & behave like real subjects in study.
frequency polygon
population
confederates
type two error
26. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to different groups.
percentile rank
random assignment
mean
p value
27. The probability level which forms basis for deciding if results are statistically significant (not due to chance).
inter-rater reliability
p<.05
p value
face validity
28. Form of validity in which a psychological measure is able to predict some future behavior or is meaningfully related to some other measure
confounding of variables
wording effects
criterion validity
placebo effect
29. Condition of experiment that contrasts with experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
control condition
percentile rank
confounding of variables
ratio data
30. Hypothesis that predicts NO relationship between variables. The aim of research is to reject this hypothesis
mean
experiment
null hypothesis
wording effects
31. Set of assumptions used to explain phenomena & offered for scientific study
theory
correlation
correlation coefficient
content validity
32. Experimental procedure in which both research participants and research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo.
scientific method
double-blind procedure
z score
percentile rank
33. Research method in which info is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions
split half reliability
single-blind procedure
negative correlation
survey
34. Association between increases in one variable and decreases in another
experiment
cross-sectional research
positive (right) skew
negative correlation
35. Descriptive research technique in which one person or a small group is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles
ANOVA
cohort effects
case study
content validity
36. Not rejecting null hypothesis when in fact we should have rejected it - a false negative
type two error
hypothesis
illusory correlation
p value
37. Relationship between variables in which as one variable increases - the other also increases - OR as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same direction.
survey
population
positive correlation
construct validity
38. We overestimate our accuracy and our changes of success and ability to predict and explain
median
controls
positive correlation
overconfidence effect
39. Procedure that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate
scientific method
cross-sectional research
random selection
interval data
40. Difference between highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
type one error
positive (right) skew
range
deception
41. Statistical method for making simultaneous comparisons between two or more means
Hawthorne Effect
random sample
random assignment
ANOVA
42. Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to - test accuracy
frequency histogram
scatterplot
validity
illusory correlation
43. Method by which participants are misinformed or misled about study's methods and purposes - must be told truth about this in debriefing
wording effects
ratio data
deception
overconfidence effect
44. Statement that describes how to measure a particular variable or define a particular term specifically in a study
empiricism
range
content validity
operational definition
45. Procedure in which info that could introduce bias the result is withheld from participants - but experimenter will be in full possession of facts
population
median
null hypothesis
single-blind procedure
46. Any selection method that results in subset of the population (sample) that is not representative - and/or not random
positive correlation
sampling bias
negative correlation
type one error
47. Series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data - formulating a hypothesis - testing the hypothesis - and stating conclusions
Hawthorne Effect
scientific method
psychological test
independent variable
48. Tendency to overestimate extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
reliability
scientific method
false consensus effect
experimenter bias
49. Testable and falsifiable prediction - often implied by a theory
confederates
case study
debriefing
hypothesis
50. Type of line graph that shows frequency distributions
scatterplot
nominal data
frequency polygon
Hawthorne Effect