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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
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Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Differences between values can be found - but is NO absolute ZERO. Examples: temperature F - time
interval data
random assignment
control condition
nominal data
2. A test is divided into 2 halves and scores on the halves are compared to see if test is consistent within itself. Ex. compare odds & evens
content validity
standard deviation
split half reliability
generalizability
3. Procedure for statistically combining results of many different research studies
case study
Hawthorne Effect
validity
meta analysis
4. A type of reliability - where different versions of same instrument are used and scores are compared
positive correlation
random sample
naturalistic observation
alternate form reliability
5. Research project designed to discover degree to which two variables are related to each other
correlational study
controls
illusory correlation
sampling bias
6. Variable that may change in response to manipulations of the IV (what is measured)
dependent variable
single-blind procedure
experimental condition
random assignment
7. Effects of being born and raised in a particular time or situation where all other members of your group has similar experiences makes your group unique from others
correlation coefficient
cohort effects
mean
meta analysis
8. Experimental procedure in which both research participants and research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo.
double-blind procedure
debriefing
random selection
negative (left) skew
9. Variables other than IV that participants in - one group have that makes them different - from the other group. Two variables linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their specific effects.
frequency polygon
construct validity
percentile rank
confounding of variables
10. Expectations by researcher that might influence results of experiment or its interpretation
experimenter bias
longitudinal research
face validity
test-retest reliability
11. Not rejecting null hypothesis when in fact we should have rejected it - a false negative
operational definition
experimental condition
type two error
reliability
12. Data exists in categories that are ordered but differences cannot be determined or they are meaningless. (Example: 1st - 2nd - 3rd)
controls
sampling bias
mode
ordinal data
13. Symbol used for Pearson Correlation Coefficient ranges from -1.0 to +1.0
reliability
experimenter bias
stratified sample
r
14. Degree to which test is representative of total domain its supposed to cover.
empiricism
ordinal data
content validity
naturalistic observation
15. Any selection method that results in subset of the population (sample) that is not representative - and/or not random
ordinal data
positive (right) skew
Hawthorne Effect
sampling bias
16. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to different groups.
experiment
random assignment
type two error
scatterplot
17. Method by which participants are misinformed or misled about study's methods and purposes - must be told truth about this in debriefing
content validity
deception
naturalistic observation
false consensus effect
18. Perception of a correlation between variables where none exists.
illusory correlation
criterion validity
correlation coefficient
meta analysis
19. Bell-shaped curve that results when values of a trait in a population are plotted against their frequency
alternate form reliability
mean
nominal data
normal distribution
20. Indication of how likely a result obtained occurred by chance - expressed as p or sig.
statistical significance
double-blind procedure
single-blind procedure
social desirability bias
21. Research in which the same people are re-studied and re-tested over a long period
longitudinal research
placebo effect
negative (left) skew
hypothesis
22. Extent to which a test yields consistent results - a measure is repeatable
reliability
case study
correlation
interval data
23. A research method that looks like an experiment BUT subjects are not randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (no cause and effect can be drawn)
validity
random assignment
criterion validity
quasi experiment
24. 'Fake subjects' that look & behave like real subjects in study.
Hawthorne Effect
independent variable
confederates
negative correlation
25. Testable and falsifiable prediction - often implied by a theory
ANOVA
quasi-experiment
hypothesis
positive correlation
26. View that science flourishes through observation and experiment.
empiricism
illusory correlation
placebo effect
standard deviation
27. Skewed distribution with many more scores on the higher end of the distribution
negative (left) skew
operational definition
ANOVA
null hypothesis
28. Sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in general population
stratified sample
random assignment
random sample
p<.05
29. Computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.
standard deviation
confederates
random sample
random sample
30. Change in subject's behavior caused simply by awareness of being studied
Hawthorne Effect
cohort effects
controls
cross-sectional research
31. Most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution.
hypothesis
interval data
mode
ratio data
32. Subset of a population in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected
negative (left) skew
random sample
confederates
range
33. Bar graph that shows frequency distributions
positive (right) skew
frequency histogram
ratio data
construct validity
34. Procedure in which info that could introduce bias the result is withheld from participants - but experimenter will be in full possession of facts
sampling bias
single-blind procedure
naturalistic observation
experimenter bias
35. Graphed cluster of dots - each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
scatterplot
placebo effect
range
controls
36. Statement that describes how to measure a particular variable or define a particular term specifically in a study
extraneous variables
operational definition
hypothesis
negative correlation
37. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
alternate form reliability
random assignment
interval data
sampling bias
38. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
range
scatterplot
inter-rater reliability
Hawthorne Effect
39. Sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
wording effects
random sample
controls
operational definition
40. If you take the same test 2x's & you get the same results it shows ______ reliability
test-retest reliability
replication
positive correlation
Hawthorne Effect
41. Skewed distribution where data has many more scores toward the lower end of the distribution
Hawthorne Effect
experiment
false consensus effect
positive (right) skew
42. Association between increases in one variable and decreases in another
alternate form reliability
type one error
negative correlation
normal distribution
43. Research method in which info is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions
survey
positive (right) skew
case study
validity
44. Arithmetic average of a distribution -
mean
median
scientific method
confederates
45. Tendency to overestimate extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
mean
false consensus effect
interval data
criterion validity
46. Difference between highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
deception
false consensus effect
n
range
47. Condition of experiment that contrasts with experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
control condition
wording effects
criterion validity
illusory correlation
48. Measures whether a test looks like it tests what it is supposed to test as determined by a quick look or evaluation by a non expert
split half reliability
face validity
false consensus effect
correlation coefficient
49. Experimental factor that is manipulated; variable whose effect is being studied.
ordinal data
population
independent variable
ANOVA
50. Data of categories only. Data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme. (Gender - Race - Religion)
r
nominal data
hindsight bias
experimental condition
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