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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Data with an absolute 0. Ratios are meaningful. (Length - Width - Weight - Distance)
random selection
inter-rater reliability
replication
ratio data
2. In a normal distribution it tells you how far a number is above or below mean in terms of standard deviations.
overconfidence effect
generalizability
z score
percentile rank
3. Bell-shaped curve that results when values of a trait in a population are plotted against their frequency
case study
p value
survey
normal distribution
4. We overestimate our accuracy and our changes of success and ability to predict and explain
naturalistic observation
frequency polygon
overconfidence effect
standard deviation
5. Researchers takes subjects & conditions as they naturally occur - with little if any control over what happens. no random assignment so no cause and effect can be determined
quasi-experiment
extraneous variables
correlation coefficient
type one error
6. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
placebo effect
cross-sectional research
psychological test
random assignment
7. Arithmetic average of a distribution -
mean
negative correlation
naturalistic observation
sampling bias
8. All cases in a group - from which samples may be drawn for a study
population
naturalistic observation
stratified sample
criterion validity
9. Percentage of scores falling at or below a specific score.
correlation
Hawthorne Effect
percentile rank
debriefing
10. Symbol used for Pearson Correlation Coefficient ranges from -1.0 to +1.0
ANOVA
longitudinal research
random sample
r
11. Tendency to believe - after learning an outcome - that one would have foreseen it.
wording effects
Hawthorne Effect
hindsight bias
independent variable
12. Results of experiment are SIGNIFICANT - they are not likely caused by chance
mode
p<.05
Hawthorne Effect
ordinal data
13. Condition of experiment that exposes participants to treatment - that is - to one version of the IV
experimental condition
survey
r
placebo effect
14. Set of assumptions used to explain phenomena & offered for scientific study
ratio data
theory
placebo effect
extraneous variables
15. Symbol used to represent the total number of subjects in a research study
confounding of variables
face validity
type two error
n
16. Most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution.
reliability
r
type one error
mode
17. Method by which participants are misinformed or misled about study's methods and purposes - must be told truth about this in debriefing
deception
interval data
independent variable
debriefing
18. Sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in general population
stratified sample
empiricism
dependent variable
replication
19. Occur when the questions asked on a sample survey are confusing or leading
wording effects
statistical significance
debriefing
null hypothesis
20. Variable that may change in response to manipulations of the IV (what is measured)
dependent variable
placebo effect
confounding of variables
scatterplot
21. Research in which the same people are re-studied and re-tested over a long period
longitudinal research
test-retest reliability
single-blind procedure
population
22. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to different groups.
correlational study
random assignment
ordinal data
Hawthorne Effect
23. Any selection method that results in subset of the population (sample) that is not representative - and/or not random
construct validity
generalizability
sampling bias
alternate form reliability
24. Measuring device or procedure designed to measure psychology-related variables. A measurement that results in a score or result that is standardized
random selection
experimenter bias
psychological test
controls
25. When a specific word used in a question affects how respondents answer the question or the order of the questions
extraneous variables
construct validity
independent variable
wording effects
26. Extent to which scores suggest that a test is actually measuring an ABSTRACT theoretical idea (such as anxiety - personality - introversion - etc.).
construct validity
negative (left) skew
naturalistic observation
theory
27. If you take the same test 2x's & you get the same results it shows ______ reliability
single-blind procedure
case study
test-retest reliability
Hawthorne Effect
28. Expectations by researcher that might influence results of experiment or its interpretation
population
experimenter bias
longitudinal research
standard deviation
29. Factors in an experiment that are unchanged for both the control group and the experimental group
controls
survey
illusory correlation
nominal data
30. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
operational definition
nominal data
population
Hawthorne Effect
31. Statement that describes how to measure a particular variable or define a particular term specifically in a study
deception
normal distribution
negative correlation
operational definition
32. Variable not relevant to what you are studying that has unplanned effect on DV. It may influence results - but all conditions are effected so it does not create bias.
percentile rank
criterion validity
case study
extraneous variables
33. Differences between values can be found - but is NO absolute ZERO. Examples: temperature F - time
split half reliability
interval data
type one error
positive (right) skew
34. Variables other than IV that participants in - one group have that makes them different - from the other group. Two variables linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their specific effects.
range
confounding of variables
type one error
correlation
35. Descriptive research that involves observing and recording behavior without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
negative correlation
naturalistic observation
validity
r
36. Testable and falsifiable prediction - often implied by a theory
operational definition
deception
random assignment
hypothesis
37. Type of line graph that shows frequency distributions
range
frequency polygon
random sample
z score
38. Correlation where as one variable increases - the other also increases - or as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in same direction.
positive correlation
experimental condition
random selection
overconfidence effect
39. Procedure that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate
random selection
population
n
placebo effect
40. Middle score in a distribution; half scores are above it and half are below it.
independent variable
experiment
cross-sectional research
median
41. Difference between highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
placebo effect
double-blind procedure
range
Hawthorne Effect
42. The probability level which forms basis for deciding if results are statistically significant (not due to chance).
p value
frequency histogram
control condition
confounding of variables
43. Giving participants in a research study a complete explanation of the study after the study is completed needed for deception
debriefing
social desirability bias
generalizability
Hawthorne Effect
44. Data of categories only. Data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme. (Gender - Race - Religion)
interval data
nominal data
type two error
single-blind procedure
45. A research method that looks like an experiment BUT subjects are not randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (no cause and effect can be drawn)
population
controls
quasi experiment
deception
46. Sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
illusory correlation
random sample
longitudinal research
controls
47. Research method in which info is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions
negative correlation
null hypothesis
positive (right) skew
survey
48. Extent to which a test yields consistent results - a measure is repeatable
percentile rank
type two error
reliability
experiment
49. A type of reliability - where different versions of same instrument are used and scores are compared
hypothesis
standard deviation
Hawthorne Effect
alternate form reliability
50. Rejecting null hypothesis when it is actually true - a false positive
standard deviation
type one error
case study
negative correlation