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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Extent to which scores suggest that a test is actually measuring an ABSTRACT theoretical idea (such as anxiety - personality - introversion - etc.).
nominal data
survey
scientific method
construct validity
2. Sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
random sample
psychological test
p<.05
operational definition
3. Variable that may change in response to manipulations of the IV (what is measured)
dependent variable
content validity
deception
confounding of variables
4. Middle score in a distribution; half scores are above it and half are below it.
operational definition
median
ratio data
standard deviation
5. Measuring device or procedure designed to measure psychology-related variables. A measurement that results in a score or result that is standardized
negative (left) skew
frequency polygon
psychological test
p<.05
6. Condition of experiment that contrasts with experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
control condition
alternate form reliability
cohort effects
confederates
7. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
ratio data
hypothesis
Hawthorne Effect
r
8. More than one individual scores same test - regardless of who rates test - scores should be the same for _____ reliability
Hawthorne Effect
inter-rater reliability
negative correlation
percentile rank
9. Researchers takes subjects & conditions as they naturally occur - with little if any control over what happens. no random assignment so no cause and effect can be determined
replication
median
population
quasi-experiment
10. Procedure in which info that could introduce bias the result is withheld from participants - but experimenter will be in full possession of facts
false consensus effect
correlational study
single-blind procedure
illusory correlation
11. Change in subject's behavior caused simply by awareness of being studied
Hawthorne Effect
overconfidence effect
population
alternate form reliability
12. Research method in which info is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions
negative (left) skew
experimental condition
survey
double-blind procedure
13. A test is divided into 2 halves and scores on the halves are compared to see if test is consistent within itself. Ex. compare odds & evens
confounding of variables
meta analysis
percentile rank
split half reliability
14. Descriptive research technique in which one person or a small group is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles
naturalistic observation
case study
deception
stratified sample
15. In-depth - intensive investigation of individual or small group of people which involves interviews and personal interpretations by researcher. It may also be supplemented with psychological or medical tests
case study
correlational study
illusory correlation
range
16. Measure of the extent to which two factors vary together which can be positive or negative or non
false consensus effect
inter-rater reliability
correlation
ordinal data
17. Repeating of research study to determine if its finding extends to other participants and circumstances
negative correlation
correlational study
replication
reliability
18. Tendency to overestimate extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
median
n
false consensus effect
extraneous variables
19. Results of experiment are SIGNIFICANT - they are not likely caused by chance
sampling bias
longitudinal research
p<.05
confederates
20. Set of assumptions used to explain phenomena & offered for scientific study
mode
range
naturalistic observation
theory
21. Subset of a population in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected
type one error
frequency histogram
random sample
cross-sectional research
22. Variables other than IV that participants in - one group have that makes them different - from the other group. Two variables linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their specific effects.
confounding of variables
false consensus effect
positive (right) skew
range
23. Difference between highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
standard deviation
r
operational definition
range
24. Perception of a correlation between variables where none exists.
percentile rank
random sample
longitudinal research
illusory correlation
25. Condition of experiment that exposes participants to treatment - that is - to one version of the IV
case study
experimental condition
frequency polygon
replication
26. Statement of procedures used to explain research variables in enough detail to allow for replication
operational definition
positive correlation
quasi-experiment
r
27. Percentage of scores falling at or below a specific score.
experimenter bias
Hawthorne Effect
percentile rank
quasi-experiment
28. Differences between values can be found - but is NO absolute ZERO. Examples: temperature F - time
longitudinal research
random sample
interval data
correlational study
29. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
confederates
negative (left) skew
random assignment
split half reliability
30. Data exists in categories that are ordered but differences cannot be determined or they are meaningless. (Example: 1st - 2nd - 3rd)
ordinal data
deception
scientific method
n
31. Statement that describes how to measure a particular variable or define a particular term specifically in a study
operational definition
false consensus effect
statistical significance
p<.05
32. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent.
correlation
placebo effect
r
median
33. Sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in general population
standard deviation
case study
stratified sample
statistical significance
34. Research project designed to discover degree to which two variables are related to each other
deception
random selection
hindsight bias
correlational study
35. Procedure that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate
split half reliability
operational definition
operational definition
random selection
36. The probability level which forms basis for deciding if results are statistically significant (not due to chance).
correlational study
p value
ordinal data
random assignment
37. Extent to which a test yields consistent results - a measure is repeatable
reliability
population
case study
ratio data
38. Method by which participants are misinformed or misled about study's methods and purposes - must be told truth about this in debriefing
operational definition
p<.05
deception
mode
39. Tendency to believe - after learning an outcome - that one would have foreseen it.
n
mean
hindsight bias
reliability
40. Rejecting null hypothesis when it is actually true - a false positive
r
scientific method
type one error
random sample
41. Skewed distribution where data has many more scores toward the lower end of the distribution
random assignment
experiment
positive (right) skew
type one error
42. Research in which the same people are re-studied and re-tested over a long period
operational definition
scientific method
longitudinal research
quasi experiment
43. Association between increases in one variable and decreases in another
range
confounding of variables
mode
negative correlation
44. In a normal distribution it tells you how far a number is above or below mean in terms of standard deviations.
controls
mean
z score
false consensus effect
45. Series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data - formulating a hypothesis - testing the hypothesis - and stating conclusions
negative correlation
nominal data
extraneous variables
scientific method
46. Effects of being born and raised in a particular time or situation where all other members of your group has similar experiences makes your group unique from others
debriefing
cohort effects
illusory correlation
r
47. Research method in which investigator manipulates one or more factors (IV) to observe effect on some behavior or mental process (DV)
sampling bias
confederates
ordinal data
experiment
48. A type of reliability - where different versions of same instrument are used and scores are compared
alternate form reliability
positive (right) skew
p<.05
random selection
49. Graphed cluster of dots - each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
scatterplot
wording effects
reliability
case study
50. Expectations by researcher that might influence results of experiment or its interpretation
validity
debriefing
experimenter bias
experiment