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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution.
experiment
standard deviation
mode
wording effects
2. Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to - test accuracy
validity
random assignment
n
p<.05
3. Relationship that exists when one set of data values increases while the other decreases
deception
negative correlation
sampling bias
correlational study
4. Hypothesis that predicts NO relationship between variables. The aim of research is to reject this hypothesis
random sample
null hypothesis
experiment
range
5. Experimental factor that is manipulated; variable whose effect is being studied.
test-retest reliability
independent variable
correlation
quasi-experiment
6. When a specific word used in a question affects how respondents answer the question or the order of the questions
psychological test
type two error
nominal data
wording effects
7. The probability level which forms basis for deciding if results are statistically significant (not due to chance).
cross-sectional research
p value
control condition
ratio data
8. Change in subject's behavior caused simply by awareness of being studied
controls
empiricism
cross-sectional research
Hawthorne Effect
9. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
normal distribution
Hawthorne Effect
illusory correlation
deception
10. Correlation where as one variable increases - the other also increases - or as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in same direction.
replication
theory
positive correlation
n
11. Procedure in which info that could introduce bias the result is withheld from participants - but experimenter will be in full possession of facts
r
hypothesis
ANOVA
single-blind procedure
12. Tendency to believe - after learning an outcome - that one would have foreseen it.
hindsight bias
ANOVA
percentile rank
controls
13. In-depth - intensive investigation of individual or small group of people which involves interviews and personal interpretations by researcher. It may also be supplemented with psychological or medical tests
deception
quasi-experiment
case study
confederates
14. Perception of a correlation between variables where none exists.
correlation
illusory correlation
empiricism
sampling bias
15. Percentage of scores falling at or below a specific score.
Hawthorne Effect
placebo effect
confederates
percentile rank
16. Type of line graph that shows frequency distributions
p value
ANOVA
frequency polygon
controls
17. Relationship between variables in which as one variable increases - the other also increases - OR as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same direction.
sampling bias
debriefing
positive correlation
negative (left) skew
18. Extent to which a test yields consistent results - a measure is repeatable
median
face validity
operational definition
reliability
19. A test is divided into 2 halves and scores on the halves are compared to see if test is consistent within itself. Ex. compare odds & evens
illusory correlation
split half reliability
independent variable
alternate form reliability
20. Association between increases in one variable and decreases in another
random assignment
operational definition
negative correlation
single-blind procedure
21. Degree to which test is representative of total domain its supposed to cover.
content validity
p<.05
ratio data
illusory correlation
22. Condition of experiment that contrasts with experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
control condition
empiricism
operational definition
test-retest reliability
23. Skewed distribution with many more scores on the higher end of the distribution
stratified sample
inter-rater reliability
negative (left) skew
positive correlation
24. Sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in general population
wording effects
debriefing
stratified sample
operational definition
25. 'Fake subjects' that look & behave like real subjects in study.
reliability
nominal data
type two error
confederates
26. Statement that describes how to measure a particular variable or define a particular term specifically in a study
interval data
operational definition
false consensus effect
positive correlation
27. Symbol used for Pearson Correlation Coefficient ranges from -1.0 to +1.0
dependent variable
correlation coefficient
median
r
28. Variables other than IV that participants in - one group have that makes them different - from the other group. Two variables linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their specific effects.
frequency polygon
confounding of variables
controls
percentile rank
29. Expectations by researcher that might influence results of experiment or its interpretation
frequency polygon
experimenter bias
positive (right) skew
cross-sectional research
30. Research method in which info is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions
survey
experimental condition
scientific method
replication
31. Statement of procedures used to explain research variables in enough detail to allow for replication
independent variable
survey
operational definition
hypothesis
32. Repeating of research study to determine if its finding extends to other participants and circumstances
random selection
scatterplot
replication
debriefing
33. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
cohort effects
range
cross-sectional research
random assignment
34. Variable not relevant to what you are studying that has unplanned effect on DV. It may influence results - but all conditions are effected so it does not create bias.
extraneous variables
construct validity
correlational study
psychological test
35. Procedure for statistically combining results of many different research studies
percentile rank
meta analysis
negative (left) skew
case study
36. Researchers takes subjects & conditions as they naturally occur - with little if any control over what happens. no random assignment so no cause and effect can be determined
quasi-experiment
illusory correlation
hindsight bias
type one error
37. Statistical measure of strength of association between two variables ranging from -1.0 to 1.0
mean
random sample
case study
correlation coefficient
38. Descriptive research that involves observing and recording behavior without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
null hypothesis
random sample
naturalistic observation
mode
39. Graphed cluster of dots - each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
content validity
random sample
confederates
scatterplot
40. Data of categories only. Data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme. (Gender - Race - Religion)
independent variable
nominal data
null hypothesis
hindsight bias
41. Data exists in categories that are ordered but differences cannot be determined or they are meaningless. (Example: 1st - 2nd - 3rd)
p<.05
ordinal data
correlation coefficient
meta analysis
42. Indication of how likely a result obtained occurred by chance - expressed as p or sig.
correlational study
meta analysis
social desirability bias
statistical significance
43. Series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data - formulating a hypothesis - testing the hypothesis - and stating conclusions
cohort effects
hypothesis
construct validity
scientific method
44. Set of assumptions used to explain phenomena & offered for scientific study
theory
random assignment
mean
standard deviation
45. Data with an absolute 0. Ratios are meaningful. (Length - Width - Weight - Distance)
Hawthorne Effect
experiment
deception
ratio data
46. More than one individual scores same test - regardless of who rates test - scores should be the same for _____ reliability
psychological test
wording effects
p value
inter-rater reliability
47. Tendency to overestimate extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
median
random selection
survey
false consensus effect
48. A research method that looks like an experiment BUT subjects are not randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (no cause and effect can be drawn)
interval data
operational definition
false consensus effect
quasi experiment
49. All cases in a group - from which samples may be drawn for a study
population
standard deviation
scientific method
inter-rater reliability
50. A type of reliability - where different versions of same instrument are used and scores are compared
sampling bias
cross-sectional research
illusory correlation
alternate form reliability