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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
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Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Statement that describes how to measure a particular variable or define a particular term specifically in a study
operational definition
confederates
frequency polygon
extraneous variables
2. Method by which participants are misinformed or misled about study's methods and purposes - must be told truth about this in debriefing
Hawthorne Effect
deception
population
median
3. Bell-shaped curve that results when values of a trait in a population are plotted against their frequency
random selection
theory
normal distribution
debriefing
4. Measures whether a test looks like it tests what it is supposed to test as determined by a quick look or evaluation by a non expert
face validity
range
illusory correlation
reliability
5. Procedure that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate
single-blind procedure
random selection
longitudinal research
debriefing
6. Association between increases in one variable and decreases in another
confederates
interval data
negative correlation
controls
7. Relationship between variables in which as one variable increases - the other also increases - OR as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same direction.
positive correlation
type one error
n
correlation coefficient
8. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Hawthorne Effect
cohort effects
range
controls
9. Statistical method for making simultaneous comparisons between two or more means
p value
placebo effect
correlational study
ANOVA
10. Difference between highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
percentile rank
case study
range
n
11. Skewed distribution where data has many more scores toward the lower end of the distribution
random sample
positive (right) skew
debriefing
p value
12. Change in subject's behavior caused simply by awareness of being studied
Hawthorne Effect
population
correlational study
mean
13. Results of experiment are SIGNIFICANT - they are not likely caused by chance
random assignment
median
sampling bias
p<.05
14. View that science flourishes through observation and experiment.
Hawthorne Effect
frequency polygon
controls
empiricism
15. Statistical measure of strength of association between two variables ranging from -1.0 to 1.0
random assignment
correlation coefficient
random sample
r
16. Degree to which test is representative of total domain its supposed to cover.
extraneous variables
random assignment
content validity
random sample
17. More than one individual scores same test - regardless of who rates test - scores should be the same for _____ reliability
inter-rater reliability
naturalistic observation
illusory correlation
alternate form reliability
18. Any selection method that results in subset of the population (sample) that is not representative - and/or not random
debriefing
longitudinal research
correlation coefficient
sampling bias
19. Extent to which a test yields consistent results - a measure is repeatable
random assignment
positive (right) skew
theory
reliability
20. We overestimate our accuracy and our changes of success and ability to predict and explain
n
percentile rank
overconfidence effect
ordinal data
21. Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to - test accuracy
type two error
scientific method
correlation
validity
22. Differences between values can be found - but is NO absolute ZERO. Examples: temperature F - time
reliability
ordinal data
placebo effect
interval data
23. 'Fake subjects' that look & behave like real subjects in study.
validity
positive correlation
confederates
illusory correlation
24. Statement of procedures used to explain research variables in enough detail to allow for replication
operational definition
confounding of variables
positive correlation
hypothesis
25. Factors in an experiment that are unchanged for both the control group and the experimental group
inter-rater reliability
population
controls
operational definition
26. Form of validity in which a psychological measure is able to predict some future behavior or is meaningfully related to some other measure
hypothesis
p value
case study
criterion validity
27. Research project designed to discover degree to which two variables are related to each other
cohort effects
single-blind procedure
correlational study
test-retest reliability
28. Testable and falsifiable prediction - often implied by a theory
hypothesis
frequency polygon
alternate form reliability
type two error
29. Data of categories only. Data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme. (Gender - Race - Religion)
placebo effect
operational definition
Hawthorne Effect
nominal data
30. Data with an absolute 0. Ratios are meaningful. (Length - Width - Weight - Distance)
confounding of variables
false consensus effect
ratio data
hindsight bias
31. Symbol used to represent the total number of subjects in a research study
correlation coefficient
extraneous variables
n
wording effects
32. Measure of the extent to which two factors vary together which can be positive or negative or non
correlation
random selection
range
z score
33. In a normal distribution it tells you how far a number is above or below mean in terms of standard deviations.
z score
criterion validity
random sample
psychological test
34. Extent to which the findings from one group (or sample) can be generalized or applied to other groups (or population
generalizability
social desirability bias
content validity
negative correlation
35. Graphed cluster of dots - each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
criterion validity
operational definition
controls
scatterplot
36. Type of line graph that shows frequency distributions
statistical significance
frequency polygon
null hypothesis
hindsight bias
37. Rejecting null hypothesis when it is actually true - a false positive
statistical significance
face validity
type one error
frequency polygon
38. Skewed distribution with many more scores on the higher end of the distribution
nominal data
negative (left) skew
experimental condition
ANOVA
39. Variables other than IV that participants in - one group have that makes them different - from the other group. Two variables linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their specific effects.
alternate form reliability
quasi-experiment
confederates
confounding of variables
40. A type of reliability - where different versions of same instrument are used and scores are compared
Hawthorne Effect
alternate form reliability
test-retest reliability
sampling bias
41. Repeating of research study to determine if its finding extends to other participants and circumstances
illusory correlation
deception
replication
population
42. Occur when the questions asked on a sample survey are confusing or leading
p<.05
theory
wording effects
independent variable
43. A test is divided into 2 halves and scores on the halves are compared to see if test is consistent within itself. Ex. compare odds & evens
dependent variable
experimenter bias
split half reliability
theory
44. Research method in which investigator manipulates one or more factors (IV) to observe effect on some behavior or mental process (DV)
experiment
deception
Hawthorne Effect
operational definition
45. Tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself.
social desirability bias
positive correlation
percentile rank
interval data
46. Descriptive research that involves observing and recording behavior without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
naturalistic observation
face validity
scatterplot
range
47. Relationship that exists when one set of data values increases while the other decreases
negative correlation
cohort effects
correlation coefficient
independent variable
48. Extent to which scores suggest that a test is actually measuring an ABSTRACT theoretical idea (such as anxiety - personality - introversion - etc.).
face validity
alternate form reliability
construct validity
negative correlation
49. Subset of a population in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected
random sample
percentile rank
wording effects
extraneous variables
50. Giving participants in a research study a complete explanation of the study after the study is completed needed for deception
debriefing
operational definition
placebo effect
extraneous variables
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