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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
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Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Descriptive research that involves observing and recording behavior without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
empiricism
hindsight bias
naturalistic observation
generalizability
2. Relationship between variables in which as one variable increases - the other also increases - OR as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same direction.
cross-sectional research
theory
type one error
positive correlation
3. Sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in general population
correlation
meta analysis
stratified sample
range
4. Research method in which investigator manipulates one or more factors (IV) to observe effect on some behavior or mental process (DV)
hindsight bias
experiment
quasi-experiment
confederates
5. Measures whether a test looks like it tests what it is supposed to test as determined by a quick look or evaluation by a non expert
nominal data
controls
face validity
Hawthorne Effect
6. Symbol used to represent the total number of subjects in a research study
negative correlation
experimenter bias
n
wording effects
7. Bell-shaped curve that results when values of a trait in a population are plotted against their frequency
wording effects
ratio data
stratified sample
normal distribution
8. Tendency to believe - after learning an outcome - that one would have foreseen it.
alternate form reliability
random sample
positive correlation
hindsight bias
9. Indication of how likely a result obtained occurred by chance - expressed as p or sig.
split half reliability
positive correlation
frequency histogram
statistical significance
10. Middle score in a distribution; half scores are above it and half are below it.
face validity
normal distribution
random assignment
median
11. Difference between highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
placebo effect
range
normal distribution
illusory correlation
12. Statement that describes how to measure a particular variable or define a particular term specifically in a study
ratio data
operational definition
split half reliability
correlational study
13. Statement of procedures used to explain research variables in enough detail to allow for replication
illusory correlation
random assignment
operational definition
negative correlation
14. Testable and falsifiable prediction - often implied by a theory
hypothesis
range
psychological test
deception
15. Arithmetic average of a distribution -
theory
mean
Hawthorne Effect
longitudinal research
16. Data of categories only. Data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme. (Gender - Race - Religion)
experimental condition
operational definition
nominal data
inter-rater reliability
17. Association between increases in one variable and decreases in another
quasi-experiment
overconfidence effect
positive correlation
negative correlation
18. Not rejecting null hypothesis when in fact we should have rejected it - a false negative
type two error
negative (left) skew
generalizability
quasi-experiment
19. Symbol used for Pearson Correlation Coefficient ranges from -1.0 to +1.0
deception
r
content validity
mean
20. Effects of being born and raised in a particular time or situation where all other members of your group has similar experiences makes your group unique from others
cohort effects
theory
cross-sectional research
type two error
21. Differences between values can be found - but is NO absolute ZERO. Examples: temperature F - time
positive correlation
case study
interval data
theory
22. Skewed distribution with many more scores on the higher end of the distribution
positive correlation
overconfidence effect
face validity
negative (left) skew
23. Repeating of research study to determine if its finding extends to other participants and circumstances
overconfidence effect
replication
r
case study
24. A test is divided into 2 halves and scores on the halves are compared to see if test is consistent within itself. Ex. compare odds & evens
split half reliability
p value
illusory correlation
negative correlation
25. Condition of experiment that contrasts with experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
mean
scientific method
control condition
correlation
26. Procedure in which info that could introduce bias the result is withheld from participants - but experimenter will be in full possession of facts
generalizability
alternate form reliability
single-blind procedure
random assignment
27. Occur when the questions asked on a sample survey are confusing or leading
positive correlation
wording effects
independent variable
empiricism
28. Sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
random sample
false consensus effect
generalizability
test-retest reliability
29. Skewed distribution where data has many more scores toward the lower end of the distribution
extraneous variables
positive (right) skew
hypothesis
inter-rater reliability
30. Correlation where as one variable increases - the other also increases - or as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in same direction.
split half reliability
positive correlation
overconfidence effect
ordinal data
31. Giving participants in a research study a complete explanation of the study after the study is completed needed for deception
negative (left) skew
validity
debriefing
mean
32. Rejecting null hypothesis when it is actually true - a false positive
experimental condition
false consensus effect
type one error
correlational study
33. Bar graph that shows frequency distributions
frequency histogram
construct validity
placebo effect
dependent variable
34. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent.
mode
hypothesis
placebo effect
extraneous variables
35. Method by which participants are misinformed or misled about study's methods and purposes - must be told truth about this in debriefing
deception
population
negative correlation
dependent variable
36. Statistical method for making simultaneous comparisons between two or more means
negative correlation
ANOVA
n
case study
37. Statistical measure of strength of association between two variables ranging from -1.0 to 1.0
correlation coefficient
r
alternate form reliability
wording effects
38. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to different groups.
random sample
correlation
hypothesis
random assignment
39. Graphed cluster of dots - each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
scatterplot
placebo effect
single-blind procedure
quasi-experiment
40. A research method that looks like an experiment BUT subjects are not randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (no cause and effect can be drawn)
inter-rater reliability
Hawthorne Effect
generalizability
quasi experiment
41. If you take the same test 2x's & you get the same results it shows ______ reliability
illusory correlation
type two error
interval data
test-retest reliability
42. Variable that may change in response to manipulations of the IV (what is measured)
meta analysis
median
dependent variable
double-blind procedure
43. People of different ages are compared to one another at a single point in time
survey
ratio data
stratified sample
cross-sectional research
44. Experimental procedure in which both research participants and research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo.
content validity
double-blind procedure
stratified sample
validity
45. Experimental factor that is manipulated; variable whose effect is being studied.
negative (left) skew
independent variable
controls
p<.05
46. Results of experiment are SIGNIFICANT - they are not likely caused by chance
generalizability
negative (left) skew
independent variable
p<.05
47. Relationship that exists when one set of data values increases while the other decreases
population
nominal data
negative correlation
confounding of variables
48. Variable not relevant to what you are studying that has unplanned effect on DV. It may influence results - but all conditions are effected so it does not create bias.
n
extraneous variables
statistical significance
negative correlation
49. A type of reliability - where different versions of same instrument are used and scores are compared
random assignment
alternate form reliability
double-blind procedure
z score
50. Change in subject's behavior caused simply by awareness of being studied
Hawthorne Effect
illusory correlation
validity
positive correlation
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