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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tendency to believe - after learning an outcome - that one would have foreseen it.
hindsight bias
percentile rank
negative correlation
illusory correlation
2. Arithmetic average of a distribution -
median
Hawthorne Effect
percentile rank
mean
3. Researchers takes subjects & conditions as they naturally occur - with little if any control over what happens. no random assignment so no cause and effect can be determined
reliability
quasi-experiment
hypothesis
n
4. Condition of experiment that contrasts with experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
control condition
negative correlation
frequency histogram
random assignment
5. Data exists in categories that are ordered but differences cannot be determined or they are meaningless. (Example: 1st - 2nd - 3rd)
theory
ordinal data
null hypothesis
test-retest reliability
6. Perception of relationship where none exists.
random sample
illusory correlation
quasi-experiment
negative correlation
7. Extent to which a test yields consistent results - a measure is repeatable
reliability
p value
hindsight bias
n
8. Experimental procedure in which both research participants and research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo.
z score
double-blind procedure
r
dependent variable
9. Not rejecting null hypothesis when in fact we should have rejected it - a false negative
operational definition
type two error
positive (right) skew
correlation coefficient
10. Results of experiment are SIGNIFICANT - they are not likely caused by chance
inter-rater reliability
validity
nominal data
p<.05
11. Extent to which scores suggest that a test is actually measuring an ABSTRACT theoretical idea (such as anxiety - personality - introversion - etc.).
construct validity
random sample
null hypothesis
random assignment
12. Statement that describes how to measure a particular variable or define a particular term specifically in a study
frequency histogram
placebo effect
psychological test
operational definition
13. Association between increases in one variable and decreases in another
standard deviation
negative correlation
longitudinal research
random sample
14. Set of assumptions used to explain phenomena & offered for scientific study
experimenter bias
wording effects
theory
statistical significance
15. Graphed cluster of dots - each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
control condition
random sample
statistical significance
scatterplot
16. The probability level which forms basis for deciding if results are statistically significant (not due to chance).
theory
p value
random assignment
operational definition
17. Descriptive research technique in which one person or a small group is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles
alternate form reliability
confederates
case study
quasi experiment
18. Variables other than IV that participants in - one group have that makes them different - from the other group. Two variables linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their specific effects.
confounding of variables
Hawthorne Effect
Hawthorne Effect
p value
19. Procedure that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate
range
median
random selection
sampling bias
20. Indication of how likely a result obtained occurred by chance - expressed as p or sig.
statistical significance
n
positive correlation
survey
21. Hypothesis that predicts NO relationship between variables. The aim of research is to reject this hypothesis
negative correlation
null hypothesis
construct validity
type two error
22. If you take the same test 2x's & you get the same results it shows ______ reliability
correlational study
negative correlation
test-retest reliability
split half reliability
23. Tendency to overestimate extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
alternate form reliability
p value
false consensus effect
type two error
24. Computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.
standard deviation
p<.05
hindsight bias
control condition
25. More than one individual scores same test - regardless of who rates test - scores should be the same for _____ reliability
test-retest reliability
case study
statistical significance
inter-rater reliability
26. Condition of experiment that exposes participants to treatment - that is - to one version of the IV
positive (right) skew
random selection
experimental condition
p value
27. Perception of a correlation between variables where none exists.
wording effects
illusory correlation
type two error
random selection
28. Rejecting null hypothesis when it is actually true - a false positive
interval data
criterion validity
type one error
negative (left) skew
29. 'Fake subjects' that look & behave like real subjects in study.
ANOVA
confederates
empiricism
stratified sample
30. Variable not relevant to what you are studying that has unplanned effect on DV. It may influence results - but all conditions are effected so it does not create bias.
extraneous variables
cross-sectional research
alternate form reliability
negative (left) skew
31. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to different groups.
range
n
null hypothesis
random assignment
32. Occur when the questions asked on a sample survey are confusing or leading
wording effects
single-blind procedure
population
theory
33. Sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in general population
stratified sample
operational definition
type one error
interval data
34. In a normal distribution it tells you how far a number is above or below mean in terms of standard deviations.
debriefing
generalizability
statistical significance
z score
35. Tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself.
single-blind procedure
ordinal data
extraneous variables
social desirability bias
36. Research project designed to discover degree to which two variables are related to each other
random sample
split half reliability
validity
correlational study
37. Procedure in which info that could introduce bias the result is withheld from participants - but experimenter will be in full possession of facts
single-blind procedure
negative (left) skew
illusory correlation
face validity
38. Giving participants in a research study a complete explanation of the study after the study is completed needed for deception
debriefing
content validity
hindsight bias
split half reliability
39. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
random assignment
frequency histogram
normal distribution
split half reliability
40. Middle score in a distribution; half scores are above it and half are below it.
interval data
median
n
population
41. Type of line graph that shows frequency distributions
negative correlation
frequency polygon
meta analysis
criterion validity
42. All cases in a group - from which samples may be drawn for a study
population
theory
type one error
controls
43. Series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data - formulating a hypothesis - testing the hypothesis - and stating conclusions
positive correlation
random sample
scientific method
deception
44. Statistical measure of strength of association between two variables ranging from -1.0 to 1.0
nominal data
percentile rank
correlation coefficient
controls
45. Extent to which the findings from one group (or sample) can be generalized or applied to other groups (or population
wording effects
generalizability
random sample
ANOVA
46. Statement of procedures used to explain research variables in enough detail to allow for replication
generalizability
Hawthorne Effect
operational definition
quasi experiment
47. A research method that looks like an experiment BUT subjects are not randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (no cause and effect can be drawn)
r
correlation coefficient
quasi experiment
frequency histogram
48. Bar graph that shows frequency distributions
empiricism
frequency histogram
ratio data
null hypothesis
49. Research method in which info is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions
survey
type two error
nominal data
stratified sample
50. Factors in an experiment that are unchanged for both the control group and the experimental group
random selection
generalizability
controls
overconfidence effect