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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In a normal distribution it tells you how far a number is above or below mean in terms of standard deviations.
alternate form reliability
z score
extraneous variables
false consensus effect
2. Researchers takes subjects & conditions as they naturally occur - with little if any control over what happens. no random assignment so no cause and effect can be determined
placebo effect
quasi-experiment
experimental condition
double-blind procedure
3. Results of experiment are SIGNIFICANT - they are not likely caused by chance
random selection
survey
type two error
p<.05
4. Not rejecting null hypothesis when in fact we should have rejected it - a false negative
statistical significance
deception
type two error
naturalistic observation
5. Variables other than IV that participants in - one group have that makes them different - from the other group. Two variables linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their specific effects.
n
confounding of variables
positive correlation
p<.05
6. Indication of how likely a result obtained occurred by chance - expressed as p or sig.
statistical significance
experimenter bias
test-retest reliability
social desirability bias
7. Tendency to believe - after learning an outcome - that one would have foreseen it.
generalizability
ANOVA
hindsight bias
placebo effect
8. Descriptive research technique in which one person or a small group is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles
case study
sampling bias
test-retest reliability
social desirability bias
9. Form of validity in which a psychological measure is able to predict some future behavior or is meaningfully related to some other measure
scatterplot
debriefing
placebo effect
criterion validity
10. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent.
placebo effect
stratified sample
validity
survey
11. Bell-shaped curve that results when values of a trait in a population are plotted against their frequency
psychological test
replication
ratio data
normal distribution
12. Effects of being born and raised in a particular time or situation where all other members of your group has similar experiences makes your group unique from others
extraneous variables
face validity
cohort effects
confounding of variables
13. Testable and falsifiable prediction - often implied by a theory
hypothesis
standard deviation
false consensus effect
operational definition
14. Rejecting null hypothesis when it is actually true - a false positive
type one error
split half reliability
type two error
ratio data
15. Symbol used to represent the total number of subjects in a research study
n
theory
experimental condition
scatterplot
16. Sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in general population
stratified sample
sampling bias
random assignment
quasi-experiment
17. Research project designed to discover degree to which two variables are related to each other
correlational study
single-blind procedure
extraneous variables
hindsight bias
18. Expectations by researcher that might influence results of experiment or its interpretation
random sample
correlational study
experimenter bias
content validity
19. We overestimate our accuracy and our changes of success and ability to predict and explain
content validity
replication
overconfidence effect
normal distribution
20. A research method that looks like an experiment BUT subjects are not randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (no cause and effect can be drawn)
illusory correlation
quasi-experiment
positive correlation
quasi experiment
21. More than one individual scores same test - regardless of who rates test - scores should be the same for _____ reliability
inter-rater reliability
alternate form reliability
confounding of variables
generalizability
22. Most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution.
mode
ratio data
type one error
operational definition
23. Relationship between variables in which as one variable increases - the other also increases - OR as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same direction.
Hawthorne Effect
positive correlation
controls
face validity
24. Experimental factor that is manipulated; variable whose effect is being studied.
cross-sectional research
Hawthorne Effect
independent variable
interval data
25. Difference between highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
quasi experiment
random sample
z score
range
26. All cases in a group - from which samples may be drawn for a study
experimental condition
population
z score
meta analysis
27. Degree to which test is representative of total domain its supposed to cover.
experimenter bias
content validity
social desirability bias
independent variable
28. Correlation where as one variable increases - the other also increases - or as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in same direction.
placebo effect
positive correlation
quasi-experiment
case study
29. Type of line graph that shows frequency distributions
frequency histogram
mode
n
frequency polygon
30. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
normal distribution
random assignment
operational definition
z score
31. Symbol used for Pearson Correlation Coefficient ranges from -1.0 to +1.0
illusory correlation
hypothesis
positive correlation
r
32. Descriptive research that involves observing and recording behavior without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
meta analysis
naturalistic observation
negative correlation
independent variable
33. Measure of the extent to which two factors vary together which can be positive or negative or non
correlation
nominal data
sampling bias
experimenter bias
34. Extent to which a test yields consistent results - a measure is repeatable
illusory correlation
negative correlation
reliability
illusory correlation
35. The probability level which forms basis for deciding if results are statistically significant (not due to chance).
deception
p value
operational definition
z score
36. Bar graph that shows frequency distributions
frequency histogram
Hawthorne Effect
placebo effect
quasi experiment
37. Statistical measure of strength of association between two variables ranging from -1.0 to 1.0
Hawthorne Effect
validity
correlation coefficient
wording effects
38. Research in which the same people are re-studied and re-tested over a long period
wording effects
n
longitudinal research
dependent variable
39. Sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
Hawthorne Effect
social desirability bias
random sample
correlation coefficient
40. A test is divided into 2 halves and scores on the halves are compared to see if test is consistent within itself. Ex. compare odds & evens
split half reliability
double-blind procedure
overconfidence effect
test-retest reliability
41. Experimental procedure in which both research participants and research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo.
double-blind procedure
random sample
independent variable
random assignment
42. Statistical method for making simultaneous comparisons between two or more means
negative (left) skew
quasi experiment
negative correlation
ANOVA
43. Relationship that exists when one set of data values increases while the other decreases
negative correlation
percentile rank
random assignment
experiment
44. Perception of relationship where none exists.
illusory correlation
empiricism
sampling bias
operational definition
45. Data exists in categories that are ordered but differences cannot be determined or they are meaningless. (Example: 1st - 2nd - 3rd)
meta analysis
scatterplot
psychological test
ordinal data
46. Repeating of research study to determine if its finding extends to other participants and circumstances
psychological test
naturalistic observation
replication
case study
47. If you take the same test 2x's & you get the same results it shows ______ reliability
wording effects
face validity
mean
test-retest reliability
48. Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to - test accuracy
ordinal data
p<.05
validity
negative (left) skew
49. Extent to which the findings from one group (or sample) can be generalized or applied to other groups (or population
type two error
cohort effects
generalizability
sampling bias
50. Variable that may change in response to manipulations of the IV (what is measured)
overconfidence effect
survey
dependent variable
standard deviation