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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Researchers takes subjects & conditions as they naturally occur - with little if any control over what happens. no random assignment so no cause and effect can be determined
independent variable
quasi-experiment
criterion validity
standard deviation
2. Procedure in which info that could introduce bias the result is withheld from participants - but experimenter will be in full possession of facts
standard deviation
deception
single-blind procedure
percentile rank
3. Expectations by researcher that might influence results of experiment or its interpretation
sampling bias
experimenter bias
ANOVA
experiment
4. Relationship that exists when one set of data values increases while the other decreases
naturalistic observation
negative correlation
ratio data
content validity
5. Data of categories only. Data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme. (Gender - Race - Religion)
operational definition
nominal data
random assignment
extraneous variables
6. Skewed distribution with many more scores on the higher end of the distribution
null hypothesis
case study
negative (left) skew
scatterplot
7. Skewed distribution where data has many more scores toward the lower end of the distribution
split half reliability
generalizability
positive (right) skew
ordinal data
8. Condition of experiment that exposes participants to treatment - that is - to one version of the IV
cross-sectional research
meta analysis
ratio data
experimental condition
9. We overestimate our accuracy and our changes of success and ability to predict and explain
operational definition
criterion validity
case study
overconfidence effect
10. Tendency to believe - after learning an outcome - that one would have foreseen it.
extraneous variables
theory
hindsight bias
correlation
11. If you take the same test 2x's & you get the same results it shows ______ reliability
mean
confounding of variables
normal distribution
test-retest reliability
12. Research method in which investigator manipulates one or more factors (IV) to observe effect on some behavior or mental process (DV)
experiment
quasi experiment
random sample
social desirability bias
13. In a normal distribution it tells you how far a number is above or below mean in terms of standard deviations.
z score
population
illusory correlation
deception
14. Measures whether a test looks like it tests what it is supposed to test as determined by a quick look or evaluation by a non expert
p<.05
naturalistic observation
face validity
positive correlation
15. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
experimental condition
random assignment
hypothesis
Hawthorne Effect
16. Condition of experiment that contrasts with experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
control condition
experiment
case study
random assignment
17. People of different ages are compared to one another at a single point in time
longitudinal research
mode
cross-sectional research
wording effects
18. Research method in which info is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions
positive correlation
median
construct validity
survey
19. Data with an absolute 0. Ratios are meaningful. (Length - Width - Weight - Distance)
ratio data
experimental condition
controls
confounding of variables
20. Statistical measure of strength of association between two variables ranging from -1.0 to 1.0
correlation coefficient
quasi experiment
random assignment
range
21. Degree to which test is representative of total domain its supposed to cover.
controls
content validity
hypothesis
negative (left) skew
22. All cases in a group - from which samples may be drawn for a study
negative correlation
negative correlation
population
test-retest reliability
23. Statement that describes how to measure a particular variable or define a particular term specifically in a study
percentile rank
operational definition
validity
z score
24. Occur when the questions asked on a sample survey are confusing or leading
wording effects
range
case study
theory
25. In-depth - intensive investigation of individual or small group of people which involves interviews and personal interpretations by researcher. It may also be supplemented with psychological or medical tests
case study
deception
Hawthorne Effect
standard deviation
26. Statement of procedures used to explain research variables in enough detail to allow for replication
construct validity
operational definition
correlation
deception
27. Factors in an experiment that are unchanged for both the control group and the experimental group
ordinal data
z score
controls
hindsight bias
28. Repeating of research study to determine if its finding extends to other participants and circumstances
negative correlation
replication
construct validity
debriefing
29. Experimental procedure in which both research participants and research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo.
correlation coefficient
double-blind procedure
random assignment
z score
30. A test is divided into 2 halves and scores on the halves are compared to see if test is consistent within itself. Ex. compare odds & evens
random selection
split half reliability
criterion validity
validity
31. Tendency to overestimate extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
positive correlation
cohort effects
illusory correlation
false consensus effect
32. A type of reliability - where different versions of same instrument are used and scores are compared
correlation
alternate form reliability
scatterplot
naturalistic observation
33. Type of line graph that shows frequency distributions
frequency polygon
ordinal data
negative correlation
hypothesis
34. Computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.
mean
wording effects
Hawthorne Effect
standard deviation
35. Association between increases in one variable and decreases in another
placebo effect
confounding of variables
experimenter bias
negative correlation
36. When a specific word used in a question affects how respondents answer the question or the order of the questions
wording effects
interval data
meta analysis
p value
37. Experimental factor that is manipulated; variable whose effect is being studied.
interval data
independent variable
deception
longitudinal research
38. Differences between values can be found - but is NO absolute ZERO. Examples: temperature F - time
social desirability bias
single-blind procedure
alternate form reliability
interval data
39. Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to - test accuracy
experimenter bias
type one error
validity
correlation coefficient
40. Results of experiment are SIGNIFICANT - they are not likely caused by chance
extraneous variables
p<.05
statistical significance
criterion validity
41. Graphed cluster of dots - each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
mode
double-blind procedure
wording effects
scatterplot
42. Set of assumptions used to explain phenomena & offered for scientific study
placebo effect
negative correlation
theory
frequency histogram
43. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to different groups.
operational definition
random assignment
p value
negative correlation
44. Sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in general population
mode
stratified sample
dependent variable
reliability
45. Perception of a correlation between variables where none exists.
confederates
cohort effects
illusory correlation
face validity
46. Form of validity in which a psychological measure is able to predict some future behavior or is meaningfully related to some other measure
debriefing
experimental condition
operational definition
criterion validity
47. Most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution.
random sample
ratio data
wording effects
mode
48. More than one individual scores same test - regardless of who rates test - scores should be the same for _____ reliability
controls
inter-rater reliability
psychological test
hypothesis
49. Method by which participants are misinformed or misled about study's methods and purposes - must be told truth about this in debriefing
operational definition
ratio data
deception
face validity
50. Any selection method that results in subset of the population (sample) that is not representative - and/or not random
sampling bias
nominal data
frequency polygon
random sample