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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Procedure in which info that could introduce bias the result is withheld from participants - but experimenter will be in full possession of facts
mean
type one error
single-blind procedure
construct validity
2. Sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
random sample
negative correlation
standard deviation
psychological test
3. 'Fake subjects' that look & behave like real subjects in study.
confederates
random sample
empiricism
operational definition
4. Arithmetic average of a distribution -
cross-sectional research
operational definition
mean
meta analysis
5. Repeating of research study to determine if its finding extends to other participants and circumstances
split half reliability
replication
generalizability
independent variable
6. Relationship between variables in which as one variable increases - the other also increases - OR as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same direction.
positive correlation
standard deviation
case study
experimental condition
7. Bar graph that shows frequency distributions
operational definition
debriefing
placebo effect
frequency histogram
8. When a specific word used in a question affects how respondents answer the question or the order of the questions
wording effects
correlation
median
alternate form reliability
9. Graphed cluster of dots - each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
content validity
scatterplot
control condition
mode
10. Hypothesis that predicts NO relationship between variables. The aim of research is to reject this hypothesis
statistical significance
standard deviation
replication
null hypothesis
11. Symbol used to represent the total number of subjects in a research study
wording effects
n
interval data
type one error
12. Percentage of scores falling at or below a specific score.
hindsight bias
median
psychological test
percentile rank
13. Association between increases in one variable and decreases in another
overconfidence effect
negative correlation
illusory correlation
social desirability bias
14. Skewed distribution with many more scores on the higher end of the distribution
Hawthorne Effect
negative (left) skew
false consensus effect
confederates
15. Data exists in categories that are ordered but differences cannot be determined or they are meaningless. (Example: 1st - 2nd - 3rd)
overconfidence effect
negative correlation
face validity
ordinal data
16. Statistical method for making simultaneous comparisons between two or more means
frequency histogram
case study
ANOVA
placebo effect
17. Set of assumptions used to explain phenomena & offered for scientific study
random assignment
theory
p<.05
controls
18. Most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution.
mode
illusory correlation
overconfidence effect
ordinal data
19. Testable and falsifiable prediction - often implied by a theory
hypothesis
double-blind procedure
face validity
frequency polygon
20. Tendency to believe - after learning an outcome - that one would have foreseen it.
hindsight bias
theory
independent variable
frequency polygon
21. Statistical measure of strength of association between two variables ranging from -1.0 to 1.0
reliability
correlation coefficient
experimenter bias
p<.05
22. Descriptive research that involves observing and recording behavior without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
naturalistic observation
p<.05
percentile rank
Hawthorne Effect
23. Subset of a population in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected
interval data
social desirability bias
random sample
z score
24. Perception of a correlation between variables where none exists.
illusory correlation
stratified sample
placebo effect
cohort effects
25. Data with an absolute 0. Ratios are meaningful. (Length - Width - Weight - Distance)
independent variable
frequency histogram
ordinal data
ratio data
26. Data of categories only. Data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme. (Gender - Race - Religion)
null hypothesis
mean
nominal data
reliability
27. Procedure for statistically combining results of many different research studies
random assignment
ratio data
psychological test
meta analysis
28. A test is divided into 2 halves and scores on the halves are compared to see if test is consistent within itself. Ex. compare odds & evens
cohort effects
quasi experiment
split half reliability
test-retest reliability
29. Giving participants in a research study a complete explanation of the study after the study is completed needed for deception
p<.05
type two error
debriefing
range
30. Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to - test accuracy
double-blind procedure
validity
longitudinal research
face validity
31. Change in subject's behavior caused simply by awareness of being studied
standard deviation
ratio data
Hawthorne Effect
generalizability
32. Any selection method that results in subset of the population (sample) that is not representative - and/or not random
Hawthorne Effect
control condition
confounding of variables
sampling bias
33. Expectations by researcher that might influence results of experiment or its interpretation
random assignment
ratio data
experimenter bias
median
34. Difference between highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
random sample
replication
mean
range
35. Results of experiment are SIGNIFICANT - they are not likely caused by chance
p<.05
correlational study
positive correlation
inter-rater reliability
36. Degree to which test is representative of total domain its supposed to cover.
positive correlation
content validity
alternate form reliability
cohort effects
37. Extent to which the findings from one group (or sample) can be generalized or applied to other groups (or population
generalizability
confounding of variables
experimental condition
scientific method
38. Form of validity in which a psychological measure is able to predict some future behavior or is meaningfully related to some other measure
inter-rater reliability
extraneous variables
percentile rank
criterion validity
39. Statement of procedures used to explain research variables in enough detail to allow for replication
operational definition
control condition
type two error
replication
40. Descriptive research technique in which one person or a small group is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles
criterion validity
test-retest reliability
case study
random sample
41. Research method in which info is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions
survey
correlation
population
quasi-experiment
42. Experimental procedure in which both research participants and research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo.
double-blind procedure
correlation coefficient
positive (right) skew
quasi-experiment
43. Variables other than IV that participants in - one group have that makes them different - from the other group. Two variables linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their specific effects.
correlational study
frequency polygon
confounding of variables
experiment
44. Extent to which scores suggest that a test is actually measuring an ABSTRACT theoretical idea (such as anxiety - personality - introversion - etc.).
generalizability
operational definition
construct validity
scatterplot
45. Method by which participants are misinformed or misled about study's methods and purposes - must be told truth about this in debriefing
statistical significance
positive (right) skew
naturalistic observation
deception
46. Procedure that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate
replication
case study
random selection
hypothesis
47. Series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data - formulating a hypothesis - testing the hypothesis - and stating conclusions
scientific method
random assignment
null hypothesis
operational definition
48. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent.
positive correlation
false consensus effect
placebo effect
ANOVA
49. Occur when the questions asked on a sample survey are confusing or leading
correlation coefficient
scatterplot
negative correlation
wording effects
50. Sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in general population
construct validity
population
confounding of variables
stratified sample