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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Skewed distribution where data has many more scores toward the lower end of the distribution
hypothesis
positive (right) skew
confounding of variables
alternate form reliability
2. Extent to which a test yields consistent results - a measure is repeatable
scatterplot
reliability
psychological test
null hypothesis
3. Method by which participants are misinformed or misled about study's methods and purposes - must be told truth about this in debriefing
cross-sectional research
construct validity
ratio data
deception
4. Perception of relationship where none exists.
replication
range
illusory correlation
statistical significance
5. When a specific word used in a question affects how respondents answer the question or the order of the questions
double-blind procedure
wording effects
confounding of variables
statistical significance
6. Relationship that exists when one set of data values increases while the other decreases
negative correlation
split half reliability
theory
confederates
7. 'Fake subjects' that look & behave like real subjects in study.
r
psychological test
frequency histogram
confederates
8. Descriptive research that involves observing and recording behavior without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
naturalistic observation
type two error
illusory correlation
negative (left) skew
9. Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to - test accuracy
dependent variable
criterion validity
experimenter bias
validity
10. People of different ages are compared to one another at a single point in time
population
negative correlation
face validity
cross-sectional research
11. More than one individual scores same test - regardless of who rates test - scores should be the same for _____ reliability
hindsight bias
confederates
dependent variable
inter-rater reliability
12. Tendency to believe - after learning an outcome - that one would have foreseen it.
case study
hindsight bias
random assignment
illusory correlation
13. Occur when the questions asked on a sample survey are confusing or leading
inter-rater reliability
negative correlation
wording effects
overconfidence effect
14. Change in subject's behavior caused simply by awareness of being studied
operational definition
random sample
Hawthorne Effect
validity
15. Symbol used to represent the total number of subjects in a research study
n
confounding of variables
frequency histogram
positive correlation
16. Sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in general population
test-retest reliability
ordinal data
deception
stratified sample
17. In-depth - intensive investigation of individual or small group of people which involves interviews and personal interpretations by researcher. It may also be supplemented with psychological or medical tests
control condition
operational definition
case study
wording effects
18. Measures whether a test looks like it tests what it is supposed to test as determined by a quick look or evaluation by a non expert
face validity
illusory correlation
negative (left) skew
psychological test
19. A test is divided into 2 halves and scores on the halves are compared to see if test is consistent within itself. Ex. compare odds & evens
cohort effects
correlation
frequency polygon
split half reliability
20. Type of line graph that shows frequency distributions
negative (left) skew
survey
frequency polygon
mean
21. Hypothesis that predicts NO relationship between variables. The aim of research is to reject this hypothesis
experimental condition
validity
frequency polygon
null hypothesis
22. Set of assumptions used to explain phenomena & offered for scientific study
mode
null hypothesis
theory
scatterplot
23. Graphed cluster of dots - each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
scatterplot
criterion validity
nominal data
hypothesis
24. Measure of the extent to which two factors vary together which can be positive or negative or non
single-blind procedure
controls
content validity
correlation
25. Skewed distribution with many more scores on the higher end of the distribution
illusory correlation
standard deviation
negative (left) skew
frequency histogram
26. Statistical method for making simultaneous comparisons between two or more means
p<.05
positive correlation
experimenter bias
ANOVA
27. Experimental procedure in which both research participants and research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo.
operational definition
positive correlation
negative correlation
double-blind procedure
28. Bar graph that shows frequency distributions
independent variable
hindsight bias
face validity
frequency histogram
29. Not rejecting null hypothesis when in fact we should have rejected it - a false negative
type two error
range
percentile rank
random assignment
30. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent.
operational definition
placebo effect
ordinal data
hypothesis
31. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Hawthorne Effect
percentile rank
correlation coefficient
median
32. Sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
theory
random sample
scatterplot
n
33. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
random assignment
mode
debriefing
type two error
34. Difference between highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
sampling bias
percentile rank
alternate form reliability
range
35. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to different groups.
longitudinal research
replication
random assignment
hypothesis
36. Computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.
ratio data
social desirability bias
inter-rater reliability
standard deviation
37. If you take the same test 2x's & you get the same results it shows ______ reliability
confounding of variables
operational definition
test-retest reliability
overconfidence effect
38. Experimental factor that is manipulated; variable whose effect is being studied.
statistical significance
independent variable
dependent variable
random sample
39. Subset of a population in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected
theory
split half reliability
p<.05
random sample
40. Rejecting null hypothesis when it is actually true - a false positive
r
generalizability
Hawthorne Effect
type one error
41. Data of categories only. Data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme. (Gender - Race - Religion)
cross-sectional research
positive (right) skew
case study
nominal data
42. We overestimate our accuracy and our changes of success and ability to predict and explain
validity
overconfidence effect
standard deviation
meta analysis
43. Descriptive research technique in which one person or a small group is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles
placebo effect
Hawthorne Effect
case study
experiment
44. The probability level which forms basis for deciding if results are statistically significant (not due to chance).
reliability
confederates
p value
survey
45. Procedure that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate
frequency polygon
random selection
confounding of variables
cross-sectional research
46. Perception of a correlation between variables where none exists.
r
illusory correlation
positive (right) skew
positive correlation
47. Statement that describes how to measure a particular variable or define a particular term specifically in a study
positive (right) skew
deception
operational definition
negative (left) skew
48. A research method that looks like an experiment BUT subjects are not randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (no cause and effect can be drawn)
n
positive correlation
random sample
quasi experiment
49. Form of validity in which a psychological measure is able to predict some future behavior or is meaningfully related to some other measure
criterion validity
Hawthorne Effect
naturalistic observation
case study
50. Association between increases in one variable and decreases in another
normal distribution
negative correlation
z score
range