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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bell-shaped curve that results when values of a trait in a population are plotted against their frequency
normal distribution
control condition
random assignment
deception
2. Occur when the questions asked on a sample survey are confusing or leading
survey
wording effects
dependent variable
mode
3. 'Fake subjects' that look & behave like real subjects in study.
range
inter-rater reliability
confederates
overconfidence effect
4. Any selection method that results in subset of the population (sample) that is not representative - and/or not random
random sample
confederates
sampling bias
ordinal data
5. The probability level which forms basis for deciding if results are statistically significant (not due to chance).
illusory correlation
p value
independent variable
hindsight bias
6. Procedure for statistically combining results of many different research studies
meta analysis
social desirability bias
longitudinal research
illusory correlation
7. A type of reliability - where different versions of same instrument are used and scores are compared
alternate form reliability
ratio data
z score
independent variable
8. Series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data - formulating a hypothesis - testing the hypothesis - and stating conclusions
null hypothesis
scientific method
extraneous variables
empiricism
9. Skewed distribution where data has many more scores toward the lower end of the distribution
positive (right) skew
illusory correlation
n
quasi experiment
10. Data with an absolute 0. Ratios are meaningful. (Length - Width - Weight - Distance)
ratio data
correlational study
type one error
cohort effects
11. Statistical method for making simultaneous comparisons between two or more means
reliability
correlation
quasi-experiment
ANOVA
12. Percentage of scores falling at or below a specific score.
type two error
statistical significance
percentile rank
random assignment
13. Graphed cluster of dots - each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
scatterplot
normal distribution
random sample
ratio data
14. When a specific word used in a question affects how respondents answer the question or the order of the questions
overconfidence effect
random sample
quasi-experiment
wording effects
15. Statistical measure of strength of association between two variables ranging from -1.0 to 1.0
nominal data
content validity
replication
correlation coefficient
16. In a normal distribution it tells you how far a number is above or below mean in terms of standard deviations.
z score
confederates
longitudinal research
range
17. Form of validity in which a psychological measure is able to predict some future behavior or is meaningfully related to some other measure
random assignment
debriefing
case study
criterion validity
18. Subset of a population in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected
random sample
case study
statistical significance
median
19. Effects of being born and raised in a particular time or situation where all other members of your group has similar experiences makes your group unique from others
illusory correlation
false consensus effect
cohort effects
content validity
20. Degree to which test is representative of total domain its supposed to cover.
content validity
replication
negative correlation
placebo effect
21. Results of experiment are SIGNIFICANT - they are not likely caused by chance
r
p<.05
Hawthorne Effect
normal distribution
22. Measures whether a test looks like it tests what it is supposed to test as determined by a quick look or evaluation by a non expert
face validity
p value
p<.05
negative correlation
23. Research project designed to discover degree to which two variables are related to each other
random sample
correlational study
range
dependent variable
24. Sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
case study
face validity
alternate form reliability
random sample
25. Research method in which investigator manipulates one or more factors (IV) to observe effect on some behavior or mental process (DV)
range
independent variable
experiment
scatterplot
26. Extent to which the findings from one group (or sample) can be generalized or applied to other groups (or population
population
generalizability
positive correlation
nominal data
27. Factors in an experiment that are unchanged for both the control group and the experimental group
illusory correlation
face validity
controls
frequency polygon
28. Relationship between variables in which as one variable increases - the other also increases - OR as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same direction.
median
positive correlation
nominal data
type one error
29. Hypothesis that predicts NO relationship between variables. The aim of research is to reject this hypothesis
wording effects
mean
null hypothesis
random sample
30. Not rejecting null hypothesis when in fact we should have rejected it - a false negative
p<.05
inter-rater reliability
n
type two error
31. If you take the same test 2x's & you get the same results it shows ______ reliability
positive correlation
experiment
test-retest reliability
naturalistic observation
32. People of different ages are compared to one another at a single point in time
hypothesis
controls
cross-sectional research
percentile rank
33. Repeating of research study to determine if its finding extends to other participants and circumstances
range
extraneous variables
type two error
replication
34. Tendency to believe - after learning an outcome - that one would have foreseen it.
hindsight bias
split half reliability
normal distribution
random assignment
35. Set of assumptions used to explain phenomena & offered for scientific study
theory
social desirability bias
test-retest reliability
survey
36. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent.
ANOVA
placebo effect
naturalistic observation
random assignment
37. A test is divided into 2 halves and scores on the halves are compared to see if test is consistent within itself. Ex. compare odds & evens
ordinal data
split half reliability
controls
illusory correlation
38. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Hawthorne Effect
deception
hindsight bias
cross-sectional research
39. Perception of relationship where none exists.
survey
random assignment
illusory correlation
dependent variable
40. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to different groups.
split half reliability
criterion validity
scatterplot
random assignment
41. Data exists in categories that are ordered but differences cannot be determined or they are meaningless. (Example: 1st - 2nd - 3rd)
ANOVA
n
positive correlation
ordinal data
42. Method by which participants are misinformed or misled about study's methods and purposes - must be told truth about this in debriefing
deception
operational definition
cohort effects
correlation
43. Descriptive research that involves observing and recording behavior without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
range
interval data
naturalistic observation
type one error
44. Differences between values can be found - but is NO absolute ZERO. Examples: temperature F - time
interval data
confounding of variables
mean
frequency histogram
45. Tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself.
p<.05
scientific method
social desirability bias
sampling bias
46. Perception of a correlation between variables where none exists.
confederates
wording effects
range
illusory correlation
47. Variable not relevant to what you are studying that has unplanned effect on DV. It may influence results - but all conditions are effected so it does not create bias.
wording effects
empiricism
scientific method
extraneous variables
48. Computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.
illusory correlation
standard deviation
validity
type one error
49. We overestimate our accuracy and our changes of success and ability to predict and explain
standard deviation
overconfidence effect
mean
independent variable
50. Procedure that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate
z score
random selection
content validity
type one error