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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Not rejecting null hypothesis when in fact we should have rejected it - a false negative
frequency polygon
deception
type two error
dependent variable
2. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to different groups.
cross-sectional research
random assignment
cohort effects
correlation
3. Research in which the same people are re-studied and re-tested over a long period
range
longitudinal research
p<.05
sampling bias
4. Middle score in a distribution; half scores are above it and half are below it.
median
overconfidence effect
social desirability bias
face validity
5. Occur when the questions asked on a sample survey are confusing or leading
hypothesis
empiricism
false consensus effect
wording effects
6. Researchers takes subjects & conditions as they naturally occur - with little if any control over what happens. no random assignment so no cause and effect can be determined
type two error
random selection
quasi-experiment
longitudinal research
7. When a specific word used in a question affects how respondents answer the question or the order of the questions
wording effects
split half reliability
illusory correlation
ANOVA
8. Set of assumptions used to explain phenomena & offered for scientific study
nominal data
theory
construct validity
p<.05
9. Bar graph that shows frequency distributions
Hawthorne Effect
statistical significance
confederates
frequency histogram
10. Procedure for statistically combining results of many different research studies
Hawthorne Effect
meta analysis
controls
negative correlation
11. Computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.
longitudinal research
range
sampling bias
standard deviation
12. Arithmetic average of a distribution -
correlation coefficient
generalizability
mean
sampling bias
13. Relationship between variables in which as one variable increases - the other also increases - OR as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same direction.
positive correlation
operational definition
ratio data
alternate form reliability
14. Method by which participants are misinformed or misled about study's methods and purposes - must be told truth about this in debriefing
quasi experiment
placebo effect
scientific method
deception
15. Variables other than IV that participants in - one group have that makes them different - from the other group. Two variables linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their specific effects.
confounding of variables
hindsight bias
content validity
confederates
16. Data exists in categories that are ordered but differences cannot be determined or they are meaningless. (Example: 1st - 2nd - 3rd)
interval data
ordinal data
scatterplot
median
17. Data of categories only. Data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme. (Gender - Race - Religion)
longitudinal research
nominal data
random sample
experimental condition
18. Tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself.
social desirability bias
content validity
placebo effect
ratio data
19. Bell-shaped curve that results when values of a trait in a population are plotted against their frequency
normal distribution
placebo effect
p value
empiricism
20. Research method in which info is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions
random assignment
deception
reliability
survey
21. View that science flourishes through observation and experiment.
stratified sample
population
illusory correlation
empiricism
22. Measuring device or procedure designed to measure psychology-related variables. A measurement that results in a score or result that is standardized
psychological test
ratio data
random assignment
operational definition
23. Sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
negative correlation
type two error
random assignment
random sample
24. Expectations by researcher that might influence results of experiment or its interpretation
hypothesis
experimenter bias
cross-sectional research
extraneous variables
25. Procedure in which info that could introduce bias the result is withheld from participants - but experimenter will be in full possession of facts
median
sampling bias
face validity
single-blind procedure
26. Research method in which investigator manipulates one or more factors (IV) to observe effect on some behavior or mental process (DV)
Hawthorne Effect
n
experiment
confounding of variables
27. Percentage of scores falling at or below a specific score.
mean
case study
experiment
percentile rank
28. Form of validity in which a psychological measure is able to predict some future behavior or is meaningfully related to some other measure
inter-rater reliability
psychological test
sampling bias
criterion validity
29. A type of reliability - where different versions of same instrument are used and scores are compared
longitudinal research
confederates
alternate form reliability
mean
30. Degree to which test is representative of total domain its supposed to cover.
control condition
case study
content validity
Hawthorne Effect
31. Measure of the extent to which two factors vary together which can be positive or negative or non
correlation
single-blind procedure
operational definition
hindsight bias
32. All cases in a group - from which samples may be drawn for a study
independent variable
population
alternate form reliability
experimental condition
33. Graphed cluster of dots - each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
deception
frequency polygon
operational definition
scatterplot
34. Data with an absolute 0. Ratios are meaningful. (Length - Width - Weight - Distance)
random assignment
ratio data
naturalistic observation
dependent variable
35. A research method that looks like an experiment BUT subjects are not randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (no cause and effect can be drawn)
cross-sectional research
false consensus effect
quasi experiment
correlation coefficient
36. Differences between values can be found - but is NO absolute ZERO. Examples: temperature F - time
face validity
naturalistic observation
interval data
sampling bias
37. Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to - test accuracy
test-retest reliability
validity
confederates
ANOVA
38. Relationship that exists when one set of data values increases while the other decreases
operational definition
meta analysis
negative correlation
Hawthorne Effect
39. Testable and falsifiable prediction - often implied by a theory
positive correlation
negative correlation
split half reliability
hypothesis
40. Variable that may change in response to manipulations of the IV (what is measured)
percentile rank
dependent variable
statistical significance
deception
41. Research project designed to discover degree to which two variables are related to each other
sampling bias
correlational study
hypothesis
percentile rank
42. Procedure that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate
random selection
frequency histogram
double-blind procedure
alternate form reliability
43. Extent to which scores suggest that a test is actually measuring an ABSTRACT theoretical idea (such as anxiety - personality - introversion - etc.).
false consensus effect
construct validity
percentile rank
normal distribution
44. Descriptive research that involves observing and recording behavior without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
Hawthorne Effect
positive correlation
correlation coefficient
naturalistic observation
45. Skewed distribution with many more scores on the higher end of the distribution
wording effects
replication
positive (right) skew
negative (left) skew
46. Factors in an experiment that are unchanged for both the control group and the experimental group
case study
test-retest reliability
controls
n
47. Sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in general population
stratified sample
median
replication
experimenter bias
48. Perception of relationship where none exists.
control condition
confounding of variables
content validity
illusory correlation
49. Descriptive research technique in which one person or a small group is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles
normal distribution
case study
operational definition
quasi experiment
50. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
experimenter bias
negative (left) skew
range
Hawthorne Effect