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Test your basic knowledge |
Research Methods
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Correlation where as one variable increases - the other also increases - or as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in same direction.
deception
positive correlation
independent variable
n
2. Set of assumptions used to explain phenomena & offered for scientific study
illusory correlation
correlational study
theory
cross-sectional research
3. Researchers takes subjects & conditions as they naturally occur - with little if any control over what happens. no random assignment so no cause and effect can be determined
type one error
meta analysis
deception
quasi-experiment
4. Data exists in categories that are ordered but differences cannot be determined or they are meaningless. (Example: 1st - 2nd - 3rd)
sampling bias
ordinal data
experimenter bias
random sample
5. We overestimate our accuracy and our changes of success and ability to predict and explain
single-blind procedure
extraneous variables
overconfidence effect
operational definition
6. Factors in an experiment that are unchanged for both the control group and the experimental group
controls
positive (right) skew
generalizability
scatterplot
7. Experimental factor that is manipulated; variable whose effect is being studied.
control condition
independent variable
interval data
correlation
8. Middle score in a distribution; half scores are above it and half are below it.
reliability
extraneous variables
random assignment
median
9. Variables other than IV that participants in - one group have that makes them different - from the other group. Two variables linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their specific effects.
z score
construct validity
confounding of variables
random sample
10. Graphed cluster of dots - each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
controls
deception
scatterplot
reliability
11. Difference between highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
independent variable
range
alternate form reliability
ANOVA
12. Sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in general population
content validity
operational definition
random sample
stratified sample
13. Indication of how likely a result obtained occurred by chance - expressed as p or sig.
replication
statistical significance
independent variable
positive (right) skew
14. Variable not relevant to what you are studying that has unplanned effect on DV. It may influence results - but all conditions are effected so it does not create bias.
random selection
type two error
cohort effects
extraneous variables
15. Any selection method that results in subset of the population (sample) that is not representative - and/or not random
negative (left) skew
sampling bias
random sample
scatterplot
16. Hypothesis that predicts NO relationship between variables. The aim of research is to reject this hypothesis
dependent variable
illusory correlation
median
null hypothesis
17. Data of categories only. Data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme. (Gender - Race - Religion)
statistical significance
nominal data
cohort effects
extraneous variables
18. Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance - thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to different groups.
confounding of variables
random assignment
split half reliability
debriefing
19. In-depth - intensive investigation of individual or small group of people which involves interviews and personal interpretations by researcher. It may also be supplemented with psychological or medical tests
case study
z score
longitudinal research
empiricism
20. Form of validity in which a psychological measure is able to predict some future behavior or is meaningfully related to some other measure
operational definition
criterion validity
type two error
range
21. Arithmetic average of a distribution -
p<.05
Hawthorne Effect
mean
operational definition
22. Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to - test accuracy
hypothesis
validity
positive correlation
random selection
23. Measure of the extent to which two factors vary together which can be positive or negative or non
scientific method
correlation
ANOVA
median
24. Symbol used for Pearson Correlation Coefficient ranges from -1.0 to +1.0
ANOVA
r
random sample
theory
25. A test is divided into 2 halves and scores on the halves are compared to see if test is consistent within itself. Ex. compare odds & evens
illusory correlation
dependent variable
split half reliability
ANOVA
26. Sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
confounding of variables
ratio data
random sample
scatterplot
27. Research in which the same people are re-studied and re-tested over a long period
positive (right) skew
inter-rater reliability
longitudinal research
cross-sectional research
28. Bar graph that shows frequency distributions
ordinal data
frequency histogram
longitudinal research
scatterplot
29. Not rejecting null hypothesis when in fact we should have rejected it - a false negative
generalizability
type two error
cross-sectional research
cohort effects
30. More than one individual scores same test - regardless of who rates test - scores should be the same for _____ reliability
ratio data
single-blind procedure
normal distribution
inter-rater reliability
31. Extent to which the findings from one group (or sample) can be generalized or applied to other groups (or population
control condition
z score
generalizability
sampling bias
32. A type of reliability - where different versions of same instrument are used and scores are compared
alternate form reliability
experimental condition
hypothesis
operational definition
33. Bell-shaped curve that results when values of a trait in a population are plotted against their frequency
normal distribution
null hypothesis
positive (right) skew
overconfidence effect
34. Symbol used to represent the total number of subjects in a research study
n
sampling bias
experimenter bias
experiment
35. Variable that may change in response to manipulations of the IV (what is measured)
controls
experimental condition
standard deviation
dependent variable
36. In a normal distribution it tells you how far a number is above or below mean in terms of standard deviations.
illusory correlation
z score
type one error
positive correlation
37. Degree to which test is representative of total domain its supposed to cover.
social desirability bias
content validity
z score
quasi experiment
38. Condition of experiment that exposes participants to treatment - that is - to one version of the IV
random assignment
mean
psychological test
experimental condition
39. Statistical measure of strength of association between two variables ranging from -1.0 to 1.0
correlation coefficient
psychological test
extraneous variables
correlational study
40. Descriptive research that involves observing and recording behavior without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
naturalistic observation
psychological test
nominal data
single-blind procedure
41. Computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.
standard deviation
survey
positive correlation
positive correlation
42. Research method in which info is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions
control condition
survey
Hawthorne Effect
random selection
43. Measuring device or procedure designed to measure psychology-related variables. A measurement that results in a score or result that is standardized
psychological test
nominal data
normal distribution
meta analysis
44. Procedure for statistically combining results of many different research studies
nominal data
meta analysis
standard deviation
range
45. Giving participants in a research study a complete explanation of the study after the study is completed needed for deception
experiment
debriefing
ordinal data
operational definition
46. Procedure in which info that could introduce bias the result is withheld from participants - but experimenter will be in full possession of facts
correlation
positive (right) skew
experimental condition
single-blind procedure
47. Procedure that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate
correlational study
random selection
wording effects
normal distribution
48. Series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data - formulating a hypothesis - testing the hypothesis - and stating conclusions
case study
scientific method
naturalistic observation
longitudinal research
49. Relationship between variables in which as one variable increases - the other also increases - OR as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same direction.
positive correlation
random selection
confederates
type two error
50. Differences between values can be found - but is NO absolute ZERO. Examples: temperature F - time
naturalistic observation
interval data
Hawthorne Effect
reliability