Test your basic knowledge |

Respiratory

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the pathology of emphysema
Cough - hemoptysis - bronchial obstruction - wheezing - pneumonic 'coin' lesion on xray or noncalcefied nodule on CT
Enlargement of air spaces and decreased recoil resulting from destrcution of alveolar walls - inc compliance
R = 8nl/pir^4 - n=viscosity - l = length - r = vessel radius
IRV + TV

2. In COPD - what happens to airways at high lung volumes
Dipalmatoyl phosphatidylcholine - decreases surface tension
Dec release of fetal glucocorticoids
Airways close prematurely resulting in inc RV and dec FVC
Cough - wheezing - dyspnea - tachypnea - hypoxemia - dec I/E ratio - pulsus paradoxus - mucus plugging

3. What drug therapy is used to augment the changes in bicarb exretion
Right
TB - apex
PAO2 - PaO2 = 10-15 mmHg
Acetazolamide - inhibits CA and acidifies the blood

4. What doe FAT BAT stand for
ARDS - neontatal RDS - pneumoconiosis - sarcoidosis - idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - goodpasture's - wegeners - eosinophilic granuloma - or drug toxicities
Fat - Air - Thrombus - Bacteria - Amniotic fluid - Tumor - embolus types
N- terminus - carbaminohemoglobin
Dec in the FEV1/FVC

5. What does alveolar pressure do to capillaries in the apex of the lung
Right lung = 3 lobes - left lung = 2 lobes; lingula is homologue of right middle lobe in the left lung
Dec protein - CHF - nephrotic syndrome - hepatic cirrhosis
Air in lung after maxmimal expiration - cannot be measured on spirometry
High alveolar pressure compresses capillaries

6. What is the formula for pulm vasc resistance
PVR = (PpulmA - PleftA)/CO
Inc mitochondria
Dipalmatoyl phosphatidylcholine
SVC syndrome - pancoast tumor - horners - endocrine - recurrrent laryngeal symptoms - effusions (pleural or pericardial)

7. What is used to treat CN poisoning and why
Nitrates to oxidize hemoglobin to methemoglobin Which binds CN allowing cyto C oxidase to fxn - use thiosulfate to bind this cyanide forming thiocynate - which is renally excreted
Tissue hypoxia from dec O2 sat and dec O2 content
Elastase
P = 2ST/radius

8. How far to the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium extend - What do MACS do in the alveoli - and how far do the goblet cells extend
Hypoxic vasocxn shifts blood away from poorly ventilated regions of lung to well ventilated regions of lung
Respiratory bronchioles - clear debris in alveoli - bronchi
O2 binding x O2 sat + dissolved O2
Pleural effusion

9. What happens to arterial PO2 in chronic lung disease and why
C3 - 4 - 6 - phrenic nerve - referred to shoulder
O2 binding x O2 sat + dissolved O2
Dec - because physiologic shunt dec O2 extraction from ratio
Air that moves into lung with each quiet respiration

10. What organism causes a lobar PNA and What are the characteristics
Productive cough for greater than 3 months in at least 2 years
S. aureus - H flu - Klebsiella - S pyogenis; acute inflmmatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli; pathy distribution involving 1 or more lobes
Adenocarcinoma of lung - bronchial - most common cancer in females and non smokers
Strep pneumo most often - or klebsiella - intra - alveolar exudate leading to consolidation; can involve entire lung

11. What does the respiratory zone consist of and What is its fxn
Respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveoli - participates in gas exchange
Dipalmatoyl phosphatidylcholine
Activates bradykinin
Inc O2 consumption

12. What is occupied in the space that would have been the left middle lobe
Repeated cycles of lung injury and wound healing with inc collagen
Heart
20.1 mL O2 /dL
Dec in lung volumes - FVC - TLC

13. What are mucus secretion swept out by
Surfactant def leading to inc surfact tension and alveolar collapse
Heparin
Person stops breathing for at least 10 seconds repeatedly during sleep
Ciliated cells

14. What are the potential TX for sleep apnea
IRV + TV + ERV + RV
Fe 2+
Weight loss - CPAP - surgery
3% - secrete pulm surfactant - cuboidal and clustered - precursor to type I and II - proliferate during lung damage

15. What is pulmonary surfactant made of - and What does it do
Severe respiratory distress - cyanosis and RVH - death from decompensated cor pulmonale
Dipalmatoyl phosphatidylcholine - decreases surface tension
O2 (emphysema - fibrosis) - CO - gas does not equilibrate by the time blood reaches the end of the capillary
S. aureus or anaerobes

16. Which muscles are involved in quiet breathing and What part of respiration do the control
Repeated cycles of lung injury and wound healing with inc collagen
Inspiration by diaphragm - expiration is passive
No respiratory effort
Small cell (oat cell) carcinoma - neoplasm of neuroendocrine with Kultchitsky cells (small dark blue cells)

17. Define expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Air that can still be breathed out after nl expiration
No respiratory effort
Dec PaO2 - high altitude - hypoventilation - V/Q mismatch - shunting - diffusion
3% - secrete pulm surfactant - cuboidal and clustered - precursor to type I and II - proliferate during lung damage

18. In emphysema - What is increased lung compliance due to...
Low resistance and high compliance
Loss of elastic fibers
On expiration as radius dec
Activates bradykinin

19. What is the TX for small cell lung cancer
IRV + TV + ERV + RV
Inoperable - responsive to chemotherapy
Enlargement of air spaces and decreased recoil resulting from destrcution of alveolar walls - inc compliance
Blood flow obstruction creating physiologic dead space - assuming < 1--% dead - 100% O2 should improve PO2

20. What renal changes occur at high altitude and What are they compensating for
Inc excretion of bicarb to compensate for respiratory alkalosis
Dec affinity of hemoglobin for O2 - facilates unloading of O2 to tissue
Inactivating mutation in the BMPR2 gene which nl fxns to inhibit vasc smooth musc proliferation - poor prognosis
L/S < 1.5

21. What does kallikrein do
Small cell (oat cell) carcinoma - neoplasm of neuroendocrine with Kultchitsky cells (small dark blue cells)
Activates bradykinin
It binds to Hb -
Inspiration by external intercostals - scalenes - sternomastoids; expiration by rectus abdominus - internal/external obliques - transversus abdominus - internal intercostals

22. What is compliance and When is it decrease
Alpha1- antitrypsin def - also cirrhosis
Change in lung volume for a given change in pressure - decreased in pulmonary fibrosis - insuff surfactant - pulmonary edema
Lower portion of right inferior lobe
Vd = Vt x[(PaCO2 - PeCO2)/PaCO2]

23. Which structures perforate the diaphragm and where
Neutrophilic substance toxic to alveolar wall - activation fo coagulation cascade or oxygen derived free radicals
Bind 4 O2 molecules and higher affinity for each subsequent O2 molecule bound
IVC at T8 - esophagus and vagus at T10 - aorta - thoracic ducts - azygous at T12 - I ate 10 eggs at 12
Alpha1- antitrypsin def - also cirrhosis

24. What is fetal hemoglobin made of and why does it have a higher affinity for O2
Lung cancer
Defect in coagulative cascace proteins
Dec O2 delivery to tissues - dec cardiac output - anemia - CN poisoning - CO poisoning
2alpha and 2 gamma subunits - lower affinity for 2 -3 BPG

25. What are the subtypes of pneumoconioses

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

26. What is a lung abscess and What does usually result from
Localized collection of pus within parenchyma - usually resulting from bronchial obstruction - apsiration of oropharyngeal contents
Gland depth/total thickness of broncial wall - >50%
Surfactant
Pleural effusion

27. How does mitral stenosis cause pulm HTN
Dyspnea - dec breath sounds - tachycardia - late onset hypoxemia due to eventual loss of capillary beds - early onest dyspnea - pink puffer - barrel chest
Dec PaO2 - high altitude - hypoventilation - V/Q mismatch - shunting - diffusion
Inc resistance leading to inc pressure
Defect in coagulative cascace proteins

28. What lung abnl is associated with bronchial breath sounds over lesion - dullness and increased fremitus
Lobar PNA
CT angio
Large cell carcinoma - pleomorphic giant cells with leukocyte fragments in cytoplasm - removed surgically and less responsive to chemotherapy
Pleural effusion

29. What is obstructive sleep apnea
Bind 4 O2 molecules and higher affinity for each subsequent O2 molecule bound
Respiratory effort against airway obstruction
Mismatch
Low resistance and high compliance

30. What can amniotic fluid emboli lead to...
DIC - especially postpartum
20.1 mL O2 /dL
Lobar PNA
Type II pneumocytes - after week 35

31. An increase in all things (except pH) causes what shift in the O2 curve - What does a decrease in all things (except pH) cause
Adenocarcinoma of lung - bronchial - most common cancer in females and non smokers
Localized collection of pus within parenchyma - usually resulting from bronchial obstruction - apsiration of oropharyngeal contents
Incr - right - dec - left
PAO2 - PaO2 = 10-15 mmHg

32. What happens with the O2 curve shifts to the right and What does it facilitate
Neutrophilic substance toxic to alveolar wall - activation fo coagulation cascade or oxygen derived free radicals
Dec affinity of hemoglobin for O2 - facilates unloading of O2 to tissue
<60
Vgas = (A/T) [Dk(P1- P2)] - A = area - T= thickness ; A dec in emphysema and T inc pulmonary fibrosis

33. Lung cancer not linked to smoking - peripheral - grows along airywas - can present like a PNA - cancer and complication
4 polypeptide subunits - 2 alpha and 2 beta
Adenocarcinoma of the lung - bronchioalveolar - hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Activates bradykinin
Inc protein - cloudy content - malignancy - PNA - collagen vascular dz - trauma

34. Define total lung capcaity
Lower portion of right inferior lobe
Productive cough for greater than 3 months in at least 2 years
Squamous cell carcinoma - keratin pearls and intracellular bridges
IRV + TV + ERV + RV

35. What is an association and potential complication of paraseptal emphysema
Bullae - rupture leading to spontaneous pneumothorax often in young - otherwise healthy males
Inc O2 consumption
Volume of inspired air that does not take part in gas exchange - anatomical dead space of conducting airways plus fxnal dead space in alveoli
Dec dec in FEV1 - dec in FVC

36. At what PaO2 does cyanosis begin
Pa > PA > Pv
<60
Productive cough for greater than 3 months in at least 2 years
Horners syndrome from affect of cervical sympathetic plexus - pancoast's tumor

37. What is early onset hypoxemia from in chronic bronchitis
Shunting
Chest pain - tachypnea and dyspnea
Obesity - loud snoring - systemic/pulmonary HTN - arrhythmias and possible sudden death
FRC - inward pull of lung balanced by outward pull of chest wall

38. What is a consequence of pulm HTN
Nonciliated - columnar with secretory granules - secrete component of surfactant - degrade toxins - ast as resevoir cells
Cl - - H+ - CO2 - 2 -3- BPG - temperature - shifts to the right
Cor pulmonale - subsequent RVF - JVD - edema - hepatomegaly
Coal miner's - silicosis - abestosis

39. What is the leading cause of cancer death
N- terminus - carbaminohemoglobin
Atherosclerosis - medial hypertrophy - and intimal fibrosis of pulm ateries
Inspiration by diaphragm - expiration is passive
Lung cancer

40. What changes in pH occur during strenuous exercise and why
Dyspnea - dec breath sounds - tachycardia - late onset hypoxemia due to eventual loss of capillary beds - early onest dyspnea - pink puffer - barrel chest
Dec PaO2 - high altitude - hypoventilation - V/Q mismatch - shunting - diffusion
Dec in lung volumes - FVC - TLC
Dec - due to lactic acidosis

41. What is positive cooperativity of hemoglobin refer to...
CO - 200x
Elastic properties
Prostaglandins - histamine - ACE - kallikrein
Bind 4 O2 molecules and higher affinity for each subsequent O2 molecule bound

42. What is the response for ventilation of high altitude
2alpha and 2 gamma subunits - lower affinity for 2 -3 BPG
Acute/chronic inc in vent
Inc 2 -3 DPG - binds to Hb so the Hb releases more O2
Adrenals - brain (epilepsy) - bone (pathologic lesions) - liver (jaundice - hepatomegaly)

43. What are potential triggers for asthma
Fe 2+
Airway obstruction (shunt) 100% O2 does not improve PO2
Viral - URIs - allergens and stress
Hypoxic vasocxn

44. What changes occur to pulm blood flow during exercise
Deoxygenated blood - elastic walls
Low resistance and high compliance
Inc due to inc CO
Surfactant def leading to inc surfact tension and alveolar collapse

45. Where do you find type I cells - What is their morphology - and What do they do
Acetazolamide - inhibits CA and acidifies the blood
Methylene blue
Alpha1- antitrypsin def - also cirrhosis
97% of alveolar surfaces - line alveoli - squamous - thin and optimal for gas exchange

46. What is another name for neonatal RDS
Hyaline membrane disease
Poor muscular effort - polio - myasthenia gravis; poor structural apparatus - scoliosis - morbid obesity
Lost with alveolar walls
Oxidized form of hemoglobin (ferric - Fe 3+) that does not bind O2 as readily - but has high affinity for CN-

47. What changes in EPO occur at high altitude
Inc EPO causing inc hemotocrit and hemoglobin - chronic hypoxia
Inc 2 -3 DPG - binds to Hb so the Hb releases more O2
Metastasis - breast - colon - prostate - bladder -
Silicosis - MACS respond to silica and release fibrogenic factors leading to fibrosis

48. How do you prevent DVT
Heparin
Inc mitochondria
PAO2 = PIO2 - (PACO2/R) R = respiratory quotient = CO2 produced/O2 consumed
Adenocarcinoma of lung - bronchial - most common cancer in females and non smokers

49. What are the causes of hypoxia
Dec O2 delivery to tissues - dec cardiac output - anemia - CN poisoning - CO poisoning
Volume of inspired air that does not take part in gas exchange - anatomical dead space of conducting airways plus fxnal dead space in alveoli
Type II pneumocytes - after week 35
Centriacinar

50. What are the 3 reasons for an increased A- a gradient
Defect in coagulative cascace proteins
COPD and destruction of lung parenchyma - mitral stenosis - recurrent thromboemboli - autoimmune dz - left to right shunt - sleep apnea - or living at high altitude
Small cell (oat cell) carcinoma - neoplasm of neuroendocrine with Kultchitsky cells (small dark blue cells)
Hypoxemia because of shunting - V/Q mistmatch - fibrosis

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Major Subjects
Tests & Exams AP CLEP DSST GRE SAT GMAT	Certifications CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/ PMP ITIL RHCE MCTS More...	IT Skills Android Programming Data Modeling Objective C Programming Basic Python Programming Adobe Illustrator More...	Business Skills Advertising Techniques Business Accounting Basics Business Strategy Human Resource Management Marketing Basics More...
Soft Skills Body Language People Skills Public Speaking Persuasion Job Hunting And Resumes More...	Vocabulary GRE Vocab SAT Vocab TOEFL Essential Vocab Basic English Words For All Global Words You Should Know Business English More...	Languages AP German Vocab AP Latin Vocab SAT Subject Test: French Italian Survival Norwegian Survival More...	Engineering Audio Engineering Computer Science Engineering Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering Structural Engineering More...
Health Sciences Basic Nursing Skills Health Science Language Fundamentals Veterinary Technology Medical Language Cardiology Clinical Surgery More...	English Grammar Fundamentals Literary And Rhetorical Vocab Elements Of Style Vocab Introduction To English Major Complete Advanced Sentences Literature Homonyms More...	Math Algebra Formulas Basic Arithmetic: Measurements Metric Conversions Geometric Properties Important Math Facts Number Sense Vocab Business Math More...	Other Major Subjects Science Economics History Law Performing-arts Cooking Logic & Reasoning Trivia

Test your basic knowledge |

Respiratory

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Let me suggest you:

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests

Major Subjects

Tests & Exams

Certifications

IT Skills

Business Skills

Soft Skills

Vocabulary

Languages

Engineering

Health Sciences

English

Math

Other Major Subjects

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests