Test your basic knowledge |

Respiratory

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Why is there eventual loss of capillary beds in emphysema
Lost with alveolar walls
Cough - wheezing - dyspnea - tachypnea - hypoxemia - dec I/E ratio - pulsus paradoxus - mucus plugging
Respiratory effort against airway obstruction
Nose - pharynx - trachea - bronchi - brionchioles - terminal bronchioles

2. Lung cancer in peripheral reason - highly anaplastic - undifferentiated tumor - cancer - histo - TX
Ratio from apex to base becomes more uniform
In between perfusion limited and diffusion limited
Stasis - hypercoagulability - endothelial damage
Large cell carcinoma - pleomorphic giant cells with leukocyte fragments in cytoplasm - removed surgically and less responsive to chemotherapy

3. Where does lung cancer met to...
Adrenals - brain (epilepsy) - bone (pathologic lesions) - liver (jaundice - hepatomegaly)
Cor pulmonale - subsequent RVF - JVD - edema - hepatomegaly
Repeated cycles of lung injury and wound healing with inc collagen
Steroids to mom - artificial surfactant and thyroxine to neonate

4. What is tha hallmark finding of COPD
Bronchial obstruction - toward side of lesion
Dec in the FEV1/FVC
Dec O2 delivery to tissues - dec cardiac output - anemia - CN poisoning - CO poisoning
Inc mitochondria

5. What happens to V/Q ratio in COPD
Dyspnea - dec breath sounds - tachycardia - late onset hypoxemia due to eventual loss of capillary beds - early onest dyspnea - pink puffer - barrel chest
Lung cancer
Mismatch
Type II cells

6. What do PFTs show in restrictive lung disease
Bronchial obstruction - CF - poor ciliary motility - Kartagener's syndrome - and the potential to develop aspergillosis
C3 - 4 - 6 - phrenic nerve - referred to shoulder
Opposites
FEV1/FVC > 80%

7. What does PFTs show in COPD
Neutrophilic substance toxic to alveolar wall - activation fo coagulation cascade or oxygen derived free radicals
Dec dec in FEV1 - dec in FVC
DIC - especially postpartum
20.1 mL O2 /dL

8. What is surfactant made of...
Dipalmatoyl phosphatidylcholine
Dec in lung volumes - FVC - TLC
CO - 200x
Enlargement of air spaces and decreased recoil resulting from destrcution of alveolar walls - inc compliance

9. What changes in CO2 occur during exercise
Inc airway pressure to prevent airway collapse during exhalation
Dec PaO2 - high altitude - hypoventilation - V/Q mismatch - shunting - diffusion
Inc production
Hypoxic vasocxn shifts blood away from poorly ventilated regions of lung to well ventilated regions of lung

10. What are the potential TX for sleep apnea
Weight loss - CPAP - surgery
Everything but RV - TV + IRV + ERV
Angio I to angio II - inactivates bradykinin (ACEi inc bradykinin and cause cough - angioedema)
COPD and destruction of lung parenchyma - mitral stenosis - recurrent thromboemboli - autoimmune dz - left to right shunt - sleep apnea - or living at high altitude

11. What is the pathology of chronic bronchitis
Large cell carcinoma - pleomorphic giant cells with leukocyte fragments in cytoplasm - removed surgically and less responsive to chemotherapy
Alchoholics or epileptics
RALS - righ anterior - left superior
Hypertrophy of mucus secreting glands in the bronchioles

12. What are the histological findings in asbestosis and what occupations are associated
Tissue hypoxia from dec O2 sat and dec O2 content
Cl - - H+ - CO2 - 2 -3- BPG - temperature - shifts to the right
Surfactant def leading to inc surfact tension and alveolar collapse
Asbestos bodies are golden brown fusiform rods resembling dumbells located inside macrophages - shipbuilding - roofing - and plumbing

13. What is sleep apnea associated with
Obesity - loud snoring - systemic/pulmonary HTN - arrhythmias and possible sudden death
Dec in the FEV1/FVC
Inc shear stress leading to endothelial injury
PA02 = 150 - PACO2/0.8

14. What kind of pleural plaques are the result of asbestosis
Weight loss - CPAP - surgery
Loss of blood flow - impeded arterial flow - reduced venous drainage
Ivory white calcified pleural plaques
Dorsiflexion of food leads to tender calf muscle

15. What happens to arterial PO2 in chronic lung disease and why
Dec - because physiologic shunt dec O2 extraction from ratio
Tight jxns
Inc O2 consumption
Drainage

16. What is the appoximate O2 binding capacity
Squamous cell carcinoma - keratin pearls and intracellular bridges
ARDS - neontatal RDS - pneumoconiosis - sarcoidosis - idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - goodpasture's - wegeners - eosinophilic granuloma - or drug toxicities
20.1 mL O2 /dL
IRV + TV

17. What is early onset hypoxemia from in chronic bronchitis
Cl - - H+ - CO2 - 2 -3- BPG - temperature - shifts to the right
Shunting
Dec
Anatomic dead space and smooth muscle

18. Why do pts with emphysema exhale through pursed lips
Inc airway pressure to prevent airway collapse during exhalation
Everything but RV - TV + IRV + ERV
Activates bradykinin
Hyaline membrane disease

19. What changes in O2 consumption change during exercise
Inc O2 consumption
Upper lobes - cor pulmonale - caplan's syndrome
Both highest in the base
Bind 4 O2 molecules and higher affinity for each subsequent O2 molecule bound

20. What is the pathology of ARDS
Diffuse alveolar damage leads to ince alveolar capillary perm and protein rich leakage into alveoli resulting in formation of intra - alveolar hyaline membrane
Shunting
High alveolar pressure compresses capillaries
Lungs collapse inwards and chest wall spring out

21. What changes occur to PaO2 and PaCO2
Long bone fractures and liposuction
Stasis - hypercoagulability - endothelial damage
O2 (nl health) - CO2 - N2O - gas equilibrates early along length of capillary - diffusion can be inc only if blood flow inc
No change - but inc venous CO2 content

22. Which pts are at risk for apriation PNA
In between perfusion limited and diffusion limited
Clara cells - type II pneumocytes; multiple densitites on CXR
Obesity - loud snoring - systemic/pulmonary HTN - arrhythmias and possible sudden death
Alchoholics or epileptics

23. What is a lung abscess and What does usually result from
Localized collection of pus within parenchyma - usually resulting from bronchial obstruction - apsiration of oropharyngeal contents
COPD and destruction of lung parenchyma - mitral stenosis - recurrent thromboemboli - autoimmune dz - left to right shunt - sleep apnea - or living at high altitude
O2 binding x O2 sat + dissolved O2
Dec release of fetal glucocorticoids

24. What happens to FEV1 and FVC in both obstructive and restrictive lung disease and What is the difference
Decrease in both - though in obstructive FEV1 is more dramatically reduced resulting in FEV1/FVC ration < 80%
20.1 mL O2 /dL
Apex = 3 (wasted ventilation) Base = 0.6 (wasted perfusion)
S. aureus - H flu - Klebsiella - S pyogenis; acute inflmmatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli; pathy distribution involving 1 or more lobes

25. What are the various causes of ARDS
Cl - - H+ - CO2 - 2 -3- BPG - temperature - shifts to the right
Trauma - sepsis - shock - gastric aspiration - uremia - acute pancreatitis - amniotic fluid embolism
FRC - inward pull of lung balanced by outward pull of chest wall
500mL

26. What are the findings in asthma
Tissue hypoxia from dec O2 sat and dec O2 content
Cough - wheezing - dyspnea - tachypnea - hypoxemia - dec I/E ratio - pulsus paradoxus - mucus plugging
Dec in lung volumes - FVC - TLC
<60

27. What do pulmonary arteries carry - and how are pulm arterial pressures maintained during the cardiac cycle
Deoxygenated blood - elastic walls
Methylene blue
Loss of elastic fibers
Systemic sclerosis - inflammation leading to intimal fibrosis and medial hypertrophy

28. What is positive cooperativity of hemoglobin refer to...
Air that can still be breathed out after nl expiration
Bind 4 O2 molecules and higher affinity for each subsequent O2 molecule bound
Hypoxic vasocxn shifts blood away from poorly ventilated regions of lung to well ventilated regions of lung
Loss of elastic fibers

29. What does a V/Q ratio of infinity indicate
Blood flow obstruction creating physiologic dead space - assuming < 1--% dead - 100% O2 should improve PO2
Milky fluid with inc TGs
Inspiration by external intercostals - scalenes - sternomastoids; expiration by rectus abdominus - internal/external obliques - transversus abdominus - internal intercostals
20.1 mL O2 /dL

30. What is the pathology of bronchiectasis
Histiocytosis X - Langerhans cells
Chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi leading to permanently dilated airways - purulent sputum - recurrent infections - hemoptysis
Respiratory bronchioles - clear debris in alveoli - bronchi
Lower portion of right inferior lobe

31. What is the initial damage of ARDS caused by
Neutrophilic substance toxic to alveolar wall - activation fo coagulation cascade or oxygen derived free radicals
Cough - wheezing - dyspnea - tachypnea - hypoxemia - dec I/E ratio - pulsus paradoxus - mucus plugging
Upper lobes - cor pulmonale - caplan's syndrome
IRV + TV

32. How is pulmonary circulation characterized in terms of resistance and compliance
Chroniclly tired
Dipalmatoyl phosphatidylcholine
Low resistance and high compliance
Airways close prematurely resulting in inc RV and dec FVC

33. What is the course of of pulm HTN
Dec protein - CHF - nephrotic syndrome - hepatic cirrhosis
Severe respiratory distress - cyanosis and RVH - death from decompensated cor pulmonale
PVR = (PpulmA - PleftA)/CO
Air in lung after maxmimal expiration - cannot be measured on spirometry

34. What is a potential test for asthma
Hyaline membrane disease
Chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi leading to permanently dilated airways - purulent sputum - recurrent infections - hemoptysis
Exposed collagen fibers provides impetus for clotting cascade
Methacholine challenge

35. What causes neonatal RDS
Dec - because physiologic shunt dec O2 extraction from ratio
Dec - no change
0 - negative - prevents pneumothorax
Surfactant def leading to inc surfact tension and alveolar collapse

36. At what PaO2 does cyanosis begin
<60
Poor muscular effort - polio - myasthenia gravis; poor structural apparatus - scoliosis - morbid obesity
Lungs collapse inwards and chest wall spring out
Methacholine challenge

37. What is Homan's sign
Vgas = (A/T) [Dk(P1- P2)] - A = area - T= thickness ; A dec in emphysema and T inc pulmonary fibrosis
Chest pain - tachypnea and dyspnea
Elastic properties
Dorsiflexion of food leads to tender calf muscle

38. What is the alveolar gas equation approximation
Chest pain - tachypnea and dyspnea
CO2 is absorbed into the RBC - carbonic anydrase catalyzes the rxn of CO2 + H2O to yield H2CO3 - which readily dissociateds into H+ and HCO3-
PA02 = 150 - PACO2/0.8
CT angio

39. What doe FAT BAT stand for
Lower portion of right inferior lobe
Fat - Air - Thrombus - Bacteria - Amniotic fluid - Tumor - embolus types
Inc shear stress leading to endothelial injury
Inoperable - responsive to chemotherapy

40. What is the main complication of therapeutic supplemental O2?
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - noncaseating granuloma - inc ACE and calcium
Person stops breathing for at least 10 seconds repeatedly during sleep
Retinopathy of maturity
Strep pneumo most often - or klebsiella - intra - alveolar exudate leading to consolidation; can involve entire lung

41. What lung abnl is associated with bronchial breath sounds over lesion - dullness and increased fremitus
Obesity - loud snoring - systemic/pulmonary HTN - arrhythmias and possible sudden death
Cough - hemoptysis - bronchial obstruction - wheezing - pneumonic 'coin' lesion on xray or noncalcefied nodule on CT
Inc 2 -3- DPG - righward shift
Lobar PNA

42. Define tidal volume (TV)
Air that moves into lung with each quiet respiration
Activates bradykinin
Lungs collapse inwards and chest wall spring out
Everything but RV - TV + IRV + ERV

43. What does ACE do
Dipalmatoyl phosphatidylcholine - decreases surface tension
Angio I to angio II - inactivates bradykinin (ACEi inc bradykinin and cause cough - angioedema)
Trachea and bronchi
Cor pulmonale - subsequent RVF - JVD - edema - hepatomegaly

44. What kind of emphysema is caused by smoking
<60
Both highest in the base
Centriacinar
Persistently low O2 tension

45. What are potential triggers for asthma
Asbestos bodies are golden brown fusiform rods resembling dumbells located inside macrophages - shipbuilding - roofing - and plumbing
Viral - URIs - allergens and stress
Severe respiratory distress - cyanosis and RVH - death from decompensated cor pulmonale
1 g of Hb can bind 1.34 mL of O2 - nl O2 in blood is 15 g/dL - cyansosis when deoxy Hb > 5 g/dL

46. What is the Reid index and what perfectange is characteristic of chronic bronchitis
Gland depth/total thickness of broncial wall - >50%
Bleomycin - busulfan - anmiodorone
Wheezing - crackles - cyansosis - late - onset dyspnea - blue bloater
IRV + TV

47. What is an association and potential complication of paraseptal emphysema
0 - negative - prevents pneumothorax
Bullae - rupture leading to spontaneous pneumothorax often in young - otherwise healthy males
Vd = Vt x[(PaCO2 - PeCO2)/PaCO2]
Lost with alveolar walls

48. What is another name for neonatal RDS
Inspiration by external intercostals - scalenes - sternomastoids; expiration by rectus abdominus - internal/external obliques - transversus abdominus - internal intercostals
Dec - because physiologic shunt dec O2 extraction from ratio
Hyaline membrane disease
Adrenals - brain (epilepsy) - bone (pathologic lesions) - liver (jaundice - hepatomegaly)

49. What renal changes occur at high altitude and What are they compensating for
Inoperable - responsive to chemotherapy
Bronchial obstruction - CF - poor ciliary motility - Kartagener's syndrome - and the potential to develop aspergillosis
Inc excretion of bicarb to compensate for respiratory alkalosis
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness causes reversible bronchocxn - smooth muscle hypertrophy and curschmann's spirals

50. What cells in the lung produce surfactant and What does it do
Ivory white calcified pleural plaques
Pa > PA > Pv
Type II pneumocytes - dec alveolar surface tension - inc compliance - dec work of inspiration
Hypoxemia because of shunting - V/Q mistmatch - fibrosis

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Major Subjects
Tests & Exams AP CLEP DSST GRE SAT GMAT	Certifications CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/ PMP ITIL RHCE MCTS More...	IT Skills Android Programming Data Modeling Objective C Programming Basic Python Programming Adobe Illustrator More...	Business Skills Advertising Techniques Business Accounting Basics Business Strategy Human Resource Management Marketing Basics More...
Soft Skills Body Language People Skills Public Speaking Persuasion Job Hunting And Resumes More...	Vocabulary GRE Vocab SAT Vocab TOEFL Essential Vocab Basic English Words For All Global Words You Should Know Business English More...	Languages AP German Vocab AP Latin Vocab SAT Subject Test: French Italian Survival Norwegian Survival More...	Engineering Audio Engineering Computer Science Engineering Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering Structural Engineering More...
Health Sciences Basic Nursing Skills Health Science Language Fundamentals Veterinary Technology Medical Language Cardiology Clinical Surgery More...	English Grammar Fundamentals Literary And Rhetorical Vocab Elements Of Style Vocab Introduction To English Major Complete Advanced Sentences Literature Homonyms More...	Math Algebra Formulas Basic Arithmetic: Measurements Metric Conversions Geometric Properties Important Math Facts Number Sense Vocab Business Math More...	Other Major Subjects Science Economics History Law Performing-arts Cooking Logic & Reasoning Trivia

Test your basic knowledge |

Respiratory

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Let me suggest you:

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests

Major Subjects

Tests & Exams

Certifications

IT Skills

Business Skills

Soft Skills

Vocabulary

Languages

Engineering

Health Sciences

English

Math

Other Major Subjects

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests