Test your basic knowledge |

Respiratory

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the appoximate O2 binding capacity
Brings air in and out - warms - humidifies - filters
Inc resistance leading to inc pressure
20.1 mL O2 /dL
Inactivating mutation in the BMPR2 gene which nl fxns to inhibit vasc smooth musc proliferation - poor prognosis

2. Which pts are at risk for apriation PNA
Methylene blue
Alchoholics or epileptics
No respiratory effort
Air that can still be breathed out after nl expiration

3. What is nl pulmonary artery pressure and At what point is it considered pulm HTN
C3 - 4 - 6 - phrenic nerve - referred to shoulder
Nl = 10-14 - pulm HTN at or above 25 or above 35 during exercise
Ciliated cells
Bronchial obstruction - toward side of lesion

4. What is the V/Q ratio at the apex and base of the lung
Long bone fractures and liposuction
Apex = 3 (wasted ventilation) Base = 0.6 (wasted perfusion)
Lungs collapse inwards and chest wall spring out
Wheezing - crackles - cyansosis - late - onset dyspnea - blue bloater

5. Which has a greater affinity for hemoglobin - CO or O2 and by how much
CO - 200x
Asbestos bodies are golden brown fusiform rods resembling dumbells located inside macrophages - shipbuilding - roofing - and plumbing
Nl = 10-14 - pulm HTN at or above 25 or above 35 during exercise
Defect in coagulative cascace proteins

6. Which lung is the more common site for an inhaled foreign body and why
Right lung - right main stem bronhus is wider and more vertical
Cor pulmonale - subsequent RVF - JVD - edema - hepatomegaly
Respiratory bronchioles - clear debris in alveoli - bronchi
Chest pain - tachypnea and dyspnea

7. What are the lab/study findings in adenocarcinoma of the lung
Clara cells - type II pneumocytes; multiple densitites on CXR
Bronchial obstruction - toward side of lesion
Angio I to angio II - inactivates bradykinin (ACEi inc bradykinin and cause cough - angioedema)
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness causes reversible bronchocxn - smooth muscle hypertrophy and curschmann's spirals

8. At What terminal does CO2 bind the globin molecule
Right lung = 3 lobes - left lung = 2 lobes; lingula is homologue of right middle lobe in the left lung
Alveolar space - type I epithelial cell - BM - endothelial cell capillary lumen
Inc airway pressure to prevent airway collapse during exhalation
N- terminus - carbaminohemoglobin

9. What is used to treat CN poisoning and why
Cough - hemoptysis - bronchial obstruction - wheezing - pneumonic 'coin' lesion on xray or noncalcefied nodule on CT
High alveolar pressure compresses capillaries
Dec in the FEV1/FVC
Nitrates to oxidize hemoglobin to methemoglobin Which binds CN allowing cyto C oxidase to fxn - use thiosulfate to bind this cyanide forming thiocynate - which is renally excreted

10. What organism causes a lobar PNA and What are the characteristics
RSV - adenovirus - mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia; diffuse patchy inflammation localized to interstitial areas at alveolar walls; distrubtion involving 1 or more lobes
Air that can still be breathed out after nl expiration
DIC - especially postpartum
Strep pneumo most often - or klebsiella - intra - alveolar exudate leading to consolidation; can involve entire lung

11. What area of the lung is the largest physiologic contributor of fxnal dead space
Dipalmatoyl phosphatidylcholine - decreases surface tension
Inc 2 -3- DPG - righward shift
Blood flow obstruction creating physiologic dead space - assuming < 1--% dead - 100% O2 should improve PO2
Apex of healthy lung

12. What is the formula for collapsing pressure
RV + ERV - volume in lungs after nl expiration
P = 2ST/radius
Defect in coagulative cascace proteins
Dipalmatoyl phosphatidylcholine - decreases surface tension

13. What TX is the mother given before delivery - and what TXs are given to the infant
Systemic sclerosis - inflammation leading to intimal fibrosis and medial hypertrophy
Dec dec in FEV1 - dec in FVC
Opposites
Steroids to mom - artificial surfactant and thyroxine to neonate

14. What ratio is used to measure lung maturity and What is the value is neonatal RDS
Vgas = (A/T) [Dk(P1- P2)] - A = area - T= thickness ; A dec in emphysema and T inc pulmonary fibrosis
More indolent
L/S < 1.5
Asbestos bodies are golden brown fusiform rods resembling dumbells located inside macrophages - shipbuilding - roofing - and plumbing

15. What must occur with a exudate pleural effusion
Acute/chronic inc in vent
Drainage
On expiration as radius dec
Defect in coagulative cascace proteins

16. What cellular changes occur at high altitude
Long bone fractures and liposuction
L/S > 2 = lecithin/sphingomyelin
Zone 1
Inc mitochondria

17. What does a V/Q ratio of infinity indicate
Nose - pharynx - trachea - bronchi - brionchioles - terminal bronchioles
Blood flow obstruction creating physiologic dead space - assuming < 1--% dead - 100% O2 should improve PO2
Shunting
ARDS - neontatal RDS - pneumoconiosis - sarcoidosis - idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - goodpasture's - wegeners - eosinophilic granuloma - or drug toxicities

18. If you aspirate a peanut while upright - where will it go
Shunting
Lower portion of right inferior lobe
Weight loss - CPAP - surgery
Retinopathy of maturity

19. What is the TX for small cell lung cancer
Inoperable - responsive to chemotherapy
Right
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - noncaseating granuloma - inc ACE and calcium
S. aureus or anaerobes

20. What changes occur to PaO2 and PaCO2
Obesity - loud snoring - systemic/pulmonary HTN - arrhythmias and possible sudden death
Loss of blood flow - impeded arterial flow - reduced venous drainage
Superior portion of right inferior lobe
No change - but inc venous CO2 content

21. Chronic bronchitis is a disease of what kind of airways
Prematurity - maternal RDS - cesarean delivery
Small airways
Positive cooperativity and negative allostery - unlike myoglobin
FRC - inward pull of lung balanced by outward pull of chest wall

22. What is the fxn of the conducting zone
Inoperable - responsive to chemotherapy
Chroniclly tired
Brings air in and out - warms - humidifies - filters
Lobar PNA

23. What causes secondary pulm HTN
CT angio
Cough - hemoptysis - bronchial obstruction - wheezing - pneumonic 'coin' lesion on xray or noncalcefied nodule on CT
Inc resistance leading to inc pressure
COPD and destruction of lung parenchyma - mitral stenosis - recurrent thromboemboli - autoimmune dz - left to right shunt - sleep apnea - or living at high altitude

24. What are curschmann's spirals
Shed epithelium from mucus plugs
Apex = 3 (wasted ventilation) Base = 0.6 (wasted perfusion)
R = 8nl/pir^4 - n=viscosity - l = length - r = vessel radius
Dec - because physiologic shunt dec O2 extraction from ratio

25. What are the potential causes of poor breathing mechanics leading to restrictive lung disease - and What are examples in each
Acetazolamide - inhibits CA and acidifies the blood
Poor muscular effort - polio - myasthenia gravis; poor structural apparatus - scoliosis - morbid obesity
Pa > PA > Pv
Deoxygenated blood - elastic walls

26. What causes primary pulm HTN
Inactivating mutation in the BMPR2 gene which nl fxns to inhibit vasc smooth musc proliferation - poor prognosis
Respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveoli - participates in gas exchange
Centriacinar
FRC - inward pull of lung balanced by outward pull of chest wall

27. What doe FAT BAT stand for
SVC syndrome - pancoast tumor - horners - endocrine - recurrrent laryngeal symptoms - effusions (pleural or pericardial)
Fat - Air - Thrombus - Bacteria - Amniotic fluid - Tumor - embolus types
Bleomycin - busulfan - anmiodorone
Nl = 10-14 - pulm HTN at or above 25 or above 35 during exercise

28. How does mitral stenosis cause pulm HTN
Strep pneumo most often - or klebsiella - intra - alveolar exudate leading to consolidation; can involve entire lung
Prostaglandins - histamine - ACE - kallikrein
Inc excretion of bicarb to compensate for respiratory alkalosis
Inc resistance leading to inc pressure

29. What happens with the O2 curve shifts to the right and What does it facilitate
Dec affinity of hemoglobin for O2 - facilates unloading of O2 to tissue
Respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveoli - participates in gas exchange
Upper lobes - cor pulmonale - caplan's syndrome
500mL

30. Eggshell calcificant of hilar lymph nodes - associtated with foundries - sandblasting and mines - pneumoconioses and path
Lobar PNA
Silicosis - MACS respond to silica and release fibrogenic factors leading to fibrosis
Exposed collagen fibers provides impetus for clotting cascade
Matched - =1 adequate gas exchange

31. Define inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Dec - no change
Activates bradykinin
TB - apex
Air in excess of tidal volume that moves into lung on maximal inspiration

32. What is the pathology of ARDS
Diffuse alveolar damage leads to ince alveolar capillary perm and protein rich leakage into alveoli resulting in formation of intra - alveolar hyaline membrane
Repeated cycles of lung injury and wound healing with inc collagen
Right
Matched - =1 adequate gas exchange

33. What is hemoglobin composed of...
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness causes reversible bronchocxn - smooth muscle hypertrophy and curschmann's spirals
Loss of elastic fibers
RALS - righ anterior - left superior
4 polypeptide subunits - 2 alpha and 2 beta

34. What is the tendency of the lungs vs the chest wall
Lungs collapse inwards and chest wall spring out
Prematurity - maternal RDS - cesarean delivery
Inc due to inc CO
DIC - especially postpartum

35. Hilar mass arising from the bronchus; cavitation - hx of smoking - PTHRP - cancer and histo
Carcinoid - carcinoid
Squamous cell carcinoma - keratin pearls and intracellular bridges
Alpha1- antitrypsin def - also cirrhosis
Elastase

36. What is the airway and alveolar pressure at FRC - What is the intrapleural pressure - and What does that prevent
Wheezing - crackles - cyansosis - late - onset dyspnea - blue bloater
It binds to Hb -
0 - negative - prevents pneumothorax
Chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi leading to permanently dilated airways - purulent sputum - recurrent infections - hemoptysis

37. Why do pts with emphysema exhale through pursed lips
Inc airway pressure to prevent airway collapse during exhalation
Dec dec in FEV1 - dec in FVC
Alveolar space - type I epithelial cell - BM - endothelial cell capillary lumen
Cough - hemoptysis - bronchial obstruction - wheezing - pneumonic 'coin' lesion on xray or noncalcefied nodule on CT

38. What is the pathology of emphysema
IRV + TV + ERV + RV
Dec release of fetal glucocorticoids
Inc 2 -3- DPG - righward shift
Enlargement of air spaces and decreased recoil resulting from destrcution of alveolar walls - inc compliance

39. What does the combination of increased CO2 and increased proton binding do to the O2 dissociation curve
Dyspnea - dec breath sounds - tachycardia - late onset hypoxemia due to eventual loss of capillary beds - early onest dyspnea - pink puffer - barrel chest
Hyaline membrane disease
Cough - wheezing - dyspnea - tachypnea - hypoxemia - dec I/E ratio - pulsus paradoxus - mucus plugging
Right shift - favors taut - low affinity for O2 - O2 unloading

40. What kind of pleural plaques are the result of asbestosis
No change - but inc venous CO2 content
Alveolar space - type I epithelial cell - BM - endothelial cell capillary lumen
Dec - because physiologic shunt dec O2 extraction from ratio
Ivory white calcified pleural plaques

41. What happens to arterial PO2 in chronic lung disease and why
Deoxygenated blood - elastic walls
Loss of elastic fibers
Dec - because physiologic shunt dec O2 extraction from ratio
Lowered

42. What is the formula for pulm vasc resistance
Inc 2 -3- DPG - righward shift
Zone 3
PA02 = 150 - PACO2/0.8
PVR = (PpulmA - PleftA)/CO

43. An increase in all things (except pH) causes what shift in the O2 curve - What does a decrease in all things (except pH) cause
Bleomycin - busulfan - anmiodorone
Incr - right - dec - left
SVC syndrome - pancoast tumor - horners - endocrine - recurrrent laryngeal symptoms - effusions (pleural or pericardial)
Change in lung volume for a given change in pressure - decreased in pulmonary fibrosis - insuff surfactant - pulmonary edema

44. What is a particular cause of eosinophilic granulomas - and what cells infiltrate
FRC - inward pull of lung balanced by outward pull of chest wall
Taut form - low affinity for O2; relaxed form has high affinity for O2 (300x)
Histiocytosis X - Langerhans cells
Shed epithelium from mucus plugs

45. Toxicities of what drugs include interstitial lung disease
<60
Diffuse alveolar damage leads to ince alveolar capillary perm and protein rich leakage into alveoli resulting in formation of intra - alveolar hyaline membrane
Cl - - H+ - CO2 - 2 -3- BPG - temperature - shifts to the right
Bleomycin - busulfan - anmiodorone

46. What is another name for neonatal RDS
Squamous cell carcinoma - keratin pearls and intracellular bridges
Asbestos bodies are golden brown fusiform rods resembling dumbells located inside macrophages - shipbuilding - roofing - and plumbing
Hyaline membrane disease
Right lung = 3 lobes - left lung = 2 lobes; lingula is homologue of right middle lobe in the left lung

47. What are fat emboli associated with
Adenocarcinoma of lung - bronchial - most common cancer in females and non smokers
Long bone fractures and liposuction
Volume of inspired air that does not take part in gas exchange - anatomical dead space of conducting airways plus fxnal dead space in alveoli
Angio I to angio II - inactivates bradykinin (ACEi inc bradykinin and cause cough - angioedema)

48. If you aspirate a peanut while supine - where will it go
Ciliated cells
Superior portion of right inferior lobe
FRC - inward pull of lung balanced by outward pull of chest wall
Methacholine challenge

49. What are the 3 forms that CO2 is transported from tissues to lungs
Bicarb (90%) - bound to globin (5%) and dissolved (5%)
Ciliated cells
Volume of inspired air that does not take part in gas exchange - anatomical dead space of conducting airways plus fxnal dead space in alveoli
<60

50. How does recurrent thromboemboli cause pulm HTN
Fe 2+
It binds to Hb -
Dec cross sectional area of pulm vasc bed
Metastasis - breast - colon - prostate - bladder -

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Major Subjects
Tests & Exams AP CLEP DSST GRE SAT GMAT	Certifications CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/ PMP ITIL RHCE MCTS More...	IT Skills Android Programming Data Modeling Objective C Programming Basic Python Programming Adobe Illustrator More...	Business Skills Advertising Techniques Business Accounting Basics Business Strategy Human Resource Management Marketing Basics More...
Soft Skills Body Language People Skills Public Speaking Persuasion Job Hunting And Resumes More...	Vocabulary GRE Vocab SAT Vocab TOEFL Essential Vocab Basic English Words For All Global Words You Should Know Business English More...	Languages AP German Vocab AP Latin Vocab SAT Subject Test: French Italian Survival Norwegian Survival More...	Engineering Audio Engineering Computer Science Engineering Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering Structural Engineering More...
Health Sciences Basic Nursing Skills Health Science Language Fundamentals Veterinary Technology Medical Language Cardiology Clinical Surgery More...	English Grammar Fundamentals Literary And Rhetorical Vocab Elements Of Style Vocab Introduction To English Major Complete Advanced Sentences Literature Homonyms More...	Math Algebra Formulas Basic Arithmetic: Measurements Metric Conversions Geometric Properties Important Math Facts Number Sense Vocab Business Math More...	Other Major Subjects Science Economics History Law Performing-arts Cooking Logic & Reasoning Trivia

Test your basic knowledge |

Respiratory

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Let me suggest you:

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests

Major Subjects

Tests & Exams

Certifications

IT Skills

Business Skills

Soft Skills

Vocabulary

Languages

Engineering

Health Sciences

English

Math

Other Major Subjects

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests