Test your basic knowledge |

Respiratory

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In which zone of the lung is PA > Pa > Pv
Zone 1
Dec - because physiologic shunt dec O2 extraction from ratio
Dyspnea - dec breath sounds - tachycardia - late onset hypoxemia due to eventual loss of capillary beds - early onest dyspnea - pink puffer - barrel chest
S. aureus - H flu - Klebsiella - S pyogenis; acute inflmmatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli; pathy distribution involving 1 or more lobes

2. What are the causes of ischemia
Hypoxemia because of shunting - V/Q mistmatch - fibrosis
Dec - due to lactic acidosis
Bicarb (90%) - bound to globin (5%) and dissolved (5%)
Loss of blood flow - impeded arterial flow - reduced venous drainage

3. increases In what substances favor the taut form of hemoglobin and which direction does that shift the O2 dissociation curve
Apex of healthy lung
Lost with alveolar walls
Cl - - H+ - CO2 - 2 -3- BPG - temperature - shifts to the right
PAO2 = PIO2 - (PACO2/R) R = respiratory quotient = CO2 produced/O2 consumed

4. What changes in pH occur during strenuous exercise and why
On expiration as radius dec
Metastasis - breast - colon - prostate - bladder -
Dec - due to lactic acidosis
Squamous cell carcinoma - keratin pearls and intracellular bridges

5. How do you prevent DVT
Heparin
IVC at T8 - esophagus and vagus at T10 - aorta - thoracic ducts - azygous at T12 - I ate 10 eggs at 12
Tight jxns
PAO2 - PaO2 = 10-15 mmHg

6. What does a V/Q ratio of infinity indicate
Small airways
Dec PaO2 - high altitude - hypoventilation - V/Q mismatch - shunting - diffusion
ARDS - neontatal RDS - pneumoconiosis - sarcoidosis - idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - goodpasture's - wegeners - eosinophilic granuloma - or drug toxicities
Blood flow obstruction creating physiologic dead space - assuming < 1--% dead - 100% O2 should improve PO2

7. What changes in O2 consumption change during exercise
<75
Lung cancer
Lost with alveolar walls
Inc O2 consumption

8. What is compliance and When is it decrease
Change in lung volume for a given change in pressure - decreased in pulmonary fibrosis - insuff surfactant - pulmonary edema
Tight jxns
Zone 1
Strep pneumo most often - or klebsiella - intra - alveolar exudate leading to consolidation; can involve entire lung

9. What is the defect in panacinar emphysema - and what else do you see
Repeated cycles of lung injury and wound healing with inc collagen
Inc due to inc CO
Mismatch
Alpha1- antitrypsin def - also cirrhosis

10. What lung abnl is associated with bronchial breath sounds over lesion - dullness and increased fremitus
Right
Lower portion of right inferior lobe
Air that moves into lung with each quiet respiration
Lobar PNA

11. What happens to bicarb once it is created in an RBC
O2 (nl health) - CO2 - N2O - gas equilibrates early along length of capillary - diffusion can be inc only if blood flow inc
Bicarb/Cl - exchanger - brings a Cl - into the RBC and expels bicarb into the serum
Type II pneumocytes - dec alveolar surface tension - inc compliance - dec work of inspiration
Inc O2 consumption

12. What is the equation for physiologic dead space
Oxidized form of hemoglobin (ferric - Fe 3+) that does not bind O2 as readily - but has high affinity for CN-
High alveolar pressure compresses capillaries
N- terminus - carbaminohemoglobin
Vd = Vt x[(PaCO2 - PeCO2)/PaCO2]

13. What is the protein content an exudative pleural effusion and What are the potential causes
Air that can still be breathed out after nl expiration
Everything but RV - TV + IRV + ERV
Squamous cell carcinoma - keratin pearls and intracellular bridges
Inc protein - cloudy content - malignancy - PNA - collagen vascular dz - trauma

14. What is hemoglobin composed of...
4 polypeptide subunits - 2 alpha and 2 beta
Inc production
Type II cells
Matched - =1 adequate gas exchange

15. How does mitral stenosis cause pulm HTN
Inc resistance leading to inc pressure
Tert (segmental) bronchus - 2 arteries (bronch/pulm) - veins and lymph drain along the borders - arteries run with airways
Dec O2 delivery to tissues - dec cardiac output - anemia - CN poisoning - CO poisoning
Loss of blood flow - impeded arterial flow - reduced venous drainage

16. What are the associations with bronchiectasis

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

17. At what lung volume is system pressure atmospheric and why
Inc mitochondria
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - noncaseating granuloma - inc ACE and calcium
Bleomycin - busulfan - anmiodorone
FRC - inward pull of lung balanced by outward pull of chest wall

18. What is the pathology of bronchiectasis
Exposed collagen fibers provides impetus for clotting cascade
Chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi leading to permanently dilated airways - purulent sputum - recurrent infections - hemoptysis
Chroniclly tired
Cough - hemoptysis - bronchial obstruction - wheezing - pneumonic 'coin' lesion on xray or noncalcefied nodule on CT

19. What TX is the mother given before delivery - and what TXs are given to the infant
CT angio
Steroids to mom - artificial surfactant and thyroxine to neonate
TB - apex
Inactivating mutation in the BMPR2 gene which nl fxns to inhibit vasc smooth musc proliferation - poor prognosis

20. What are the subtypes of pneumoconioses

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

21. What happens to lung volumes in obstructive lung disease
O2 binding x O2 sat + dissolved O2
TB - silica disrupt phagolysosomes and impair MACS
Dec in lung volumes - FVC - TLC
Inc

22. Susceptibility to what infection is increased in silicosis and why
Alveolar space - type I epithelial cell - BM - endothelial cell capillary lumen
Inc production
TB - silica disrupt phagolysosomes and impair MACS
RV + ERV - volume in lungs after nl expiration

23. How much O2 can 1 g of Hb bind - What is nl Hb in the blood and When does cyanosis happen
Cough - hemoptysis - bronchial obstruction - wheezing - pneumonic 'coin' lesion on xray or noncalcefied nodule on CT
O2 binding x O2 sat + dissolved O2
Type II pneumocytes - dec alveolar surface tension - inc compliance - dec work of inspiration
1 g of Hb can bind 1.34 mL of O2 - nl O2 in blood is 15 g/dL - cyansosis when deoxy Hb > 5 g/dL

24. What does kallikrein do
Activates bradykinin
RALS - righ anterior - left superior
O2 (emphysema - fibrosis) - CO - gas does not equilibrate by the time blood reaches the end of the capillary
Tert (segmental) bronchus - 2 arteries (bronch/pulm) - veins and lymph drain along the borders - arteries run with airways

25. What does CADET face to the right stand for
Fe 2+
Zone 1
CO2 - acid/altitude - DPG - Exercise - Temperature
Air that moves into lung with each quiet respiration

26. What are potential triggers for asthma
Viral - URIs - allergens and stress
IRV + TV
Air that can still be breathed out after nl expiration
CO - 200x

27. What changes at high altitude can result in RVH
PA02 = 150 - PACO2/0.8
Exposed collagen fibers provides impetus for clotting cascade
Chronic hypoxic vasocxn
Trachea and bronchi

28. What changes occur to PaO2 and PaCO2
Lung cancer
COPD and destruction of lung parenchyma - mitral stenosis - recurrent thromboemboli - autoimmune dz - left to right shunt - sleep apnea - or living at high altitude
S. aureus - H flu - Klebsiella - S pyogenis; acute inflmmatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli; pathy distribution involving 1 or more lobes
No change - but inc venous CO2 content

29. What changes in lung volunes occur as a result of restrictive lung disease
Dec in lung volumes - FVC - TLC
Trachea and bronchi
Right lung - right main stem bronhus is wider and more vertical
ARDS - neontatal RDS - pneumoconiosis - sarcoidosis - idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - goodpasture's - wegeners - eosinophilic granuloma - or drug toxicities

30. What direction does an increase in metabolic need shift the O2 dissociation curve
Right
CT angio
Dec affinity of hemoglobin for O2 - facilates unloading of O2 to tissue
P = 2ST/radius

31. What ratio is used to measure lung maturity and What is the value is neonatal RDS
Superior portion of right inferior lobe
PA02 = 150 - PACO2/0.8
L/S < 1.5
Volume of inspired air that does not take part in gas exchange - anatomical dead space of conducting airways plus fxnal dead space in alveoli

32. What are mucus secretion swept out by
PAO2 - PaO2 = 10-15 mmHg
Ciliated cells
Positive cooperativity and negative allostery - unlike myoglobin
Inc mitochondria

33. What are the two forms of hemoglobin
Methacholine challenge
Methylene blue
Chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi leading to permanently dilated airways - purulent sputum - recurrent infections - hemoptysis
Taut form - low affinity for O2; relaxed form has high affinity for O2 (300x)

34. What are the potential causes of poor breathing mechanics leading to restrictive lung disease - and What are examples in each
Poor muscular effort - polio - myasthenia gravis; poor structural apparatus - scoliosis - morbid obesity
Small cell (oat cell) carcinoma - neoplasm of neuroendocrine with Kultchitsky cells (small dark blue cells)
Everything but RV - TV + IRV + ERV
IRV + TV

35. What is the pathology of emphysema
Lungs collapse inwards and chest wall spring out
CT angio
Diffuse alveolar damage leads to ince alveolar capillary perm and protein rich leakage into alveoli resulting in formation of intra - alveolar hyaline membrane
Enlargement of air spaces and decreased recoil resulting from destrcution of alveolar walls - inc compliance

36. Lung cancer in peripheral reason - highly anaplastic - undifferentiated tumor - cancer - histo - TX
Large cell carcinoma - pleomorphic giant cells with leukocyte fragments in cytoplasm - removed surgically and less responsive to chemotherapy
Adenocarcinoma of lung - bronchial - most common cancer in females and non smokers
Pa > PA > Pv
Defect in coagulative cascace proteins

37. What do type II cells do - What is their morphology - when do they proliferate
Squamous cell carcinoma - keratin pearls and intracellular bridges
Trachea and bronchi
Bleomycin - busulfan - anmiodorone
3% - secrete pulm surfactant - cuboidal and clustered - precursor to type I and II - proliferate during lung damage

38. How does left to right shunt cause pulm HTN
PVR = (PpulmA - PleftA)/CO
Inspiration by external intercostals - scalenes - sternomastoids; expiration by rectus abdominus - internal/external obliques - transversus abdominus - internal intercostals
Inc shear stress leading to endothelial injury
Cough - wheezing - dyspnea - tachypnea - hypoxemia - dec I/E ratio - pulsus paradoxus - mucus plugging

39. What are the findings of chronic bronchitis
Wheezing - crackles - cyansosis - late - onset dyspnea - blue bloater
Squamous cell carcinoma - keratin pearls and intracellular bridges
Inc 2 -3 DPG - binds to Hb so the Hb releases more O2
Chronic hypoxic vasocxn

40. What are the causes of hypoxemia
Dec PaO2 - high altitude - hypoventilation - V/Q mismatch - shunting - diffusion
Silicosis - MACS respond to silica and release fibrogenic factors leading to fibrosis
Anatomic dead space and smooth muscle
TB - silica disrupt phagolysosomes and impair MACS

41. What is the ideal V/Q ratio and why
Adenocarcinoma of the lung - bronchioalveolar - hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Matched - =1 adequate gas exchange
Right lung - right main stem bronhus is wider and more vertical
COPD and destruction of lung parenchyma - mitral stenosis - recurrent thromboemboli - autoimmune dz - left to right shunt - sleep apnea - or living at high altitude

42. Define expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Drainage
Histiocytosis X - Langerhans cells
Metastasis - breast - colon - prostate - bladder -
Air that can still be breathed out after nl expiration

43. What renal changes occur at high altitude and What are they compensating for
Lobar PNA
Activates bradykinin
Inc excretion of bicarb to compensate for respiratory alkalosis
CO2 - acid/altitude - DPG - Exercise - Temperature

44. What is methemoglobin
Oxidized form of hemoglobin (ferric - Fe 3+) that does not bind O2 as readily - but has high affinity for CN-
Alveolar space - type I epithelial cell - BM - endothelial cell capillary lumen
Viral - URIs - allergens and stress
Dyspnea - dec breath sounds - tachycardia - late onset hypoxemia due to eventual loss of capillary beds - early onest dyspnea - pink puffer - barrel chest

45. What properties determine the combined volumes of the chest wall and lungs
Tension pneumo - away from lesion
Elastic properties
Dec in the FEV1/FVC
Nitrates to oxidize hemoglobin to methemoglobin Which binds CN allowing cyto C oxidase to fxn - use thiosulfate to bind this cyanide forming thiocynate - which is renally excreted

46. What is obstructive sleep apnea
Dec cross sectional area of pulm vasc bed
Dec in the FEV1/FVC
Trauma - sepsis - shock - gastric aspiration - uremia - acute pancreatitis - amniotic fluid embolism
Respiratory effort against airway obstruction

47. What happens as a result of hypoxia in sleep apnea
Inc to meet O2 demand
Inc EPO leading to erythrocytosis
Blood flow obstruction creating physiologic dead space - assuming < 1--% dead - 100% O2 should improve PO2
Chroniclly tired

48. What is the criteria for chronic bronchitis
IVC at T8 - esophagus and vagus at T10 - aorta - thoracic ducts - azygous at T12 - I ate 10 eggs at 12
CO x O2 content of blood
Ratio from apex to base becomes more uniform
Productive cough for greater than 3 months in at least 2 years

49. At what PaO2 does cyanosis begin
Elastic properties
<60
IRV + TV + ERV + RV
Type II pneumocytes - dec alveolar surface tension - inc compliance - dec work of inspiration

50. What is a consequence of pulm HTN
Surfactant def leading to inc surfact tension and alveolar collapse
Cor pulmonale - subsequent RVF - JVD - edema - hepatomegaly
FRC - inward pull of lung balanced by outward pull of chest wall
Inc due to inc CO

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Major Subjects
Tests & Exams AP CLEP DSST GRE SAT GMAT	Certifications CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/ PMP ITIL RHCE MCTS More...	IT Skills Android Programming Data Modeling Objective C Programming Basic Python Programming Adobe Illustrator More...	Business Skills Advertising Techniques Business Accounting Basics Business Strategy Human Resource Management Marketing Basics More...
Soft Skills Body Language People Skills Public Speaking Persuasion Job Hunting And Resumes More...	Vocabulary GRE Vocab SAT Vocab TOEFL Essential Vocab Basic English Words For All Global Words You Should Know Business English More...	Languages AP German Vocab AP Latin Vocab SAT Subject Test: French Italian Survival Norwegian Survival More...	Engineering Audio Engineering Computer Science Engineering Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering Structural Engineering More...
Health Sciences Basic Nursing Skills Health Science Language Fundamentals Veterinary Technology Medical Language Cardiology Clinical Surgery More...	English Grammar Fundamentals Literary And Rhetorical Vocab Elements Of Style Vocab Introduction To English Major Complete Advanced Sentences Literature Homonyms More...	Math Algebra Formulas Basic Arithmetic: Measurements Metric Conversions Geometric Properties Important Math Facts Number Sense Vocab Business Math More...	Other Major Subjects Science Economics History Law Performing-arts Cooking Logic & Reasoning Trivia

Test your basic knowledge |

Respiratory

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Let me suggest you:

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests

Major Subjects

Tests & Exams

Certifications

IT Skills

Business Skills

Soft Skills

Vocabulary

Languages

Engineering

Health Sciences

English

Math

Other Major Subjects

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests