Test your basic knowledge |

Respiratory

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is methemoglobin
Oxidized form of hemoglobin (ferric - Fe 3+) that does not bind O2 as readily - but has high affinity for CN-
Long bone fractures and liposuction
DIC - especially postpartum
Chest pain - tachypnea and dyspnea

2. What does the conducting zone consist of...
Nose - pharynx - trachea - bronchi - brionchioles - terminal bronchioles
Loss of elastic fibers
Cough - wheezing - dyspnea - tachypnea - hypoxemia - dec I/E ratio - pulsus paradoxus - mucus plugging
Milky fluid with inc TGs

3. What is the formula for resistance
R = 8nl/pir^4 - n=viscosity - l = length - r = vessel radius
Bind 4 O2 molecules and higher affinity for each subsequent O2 molecule bound
No respiratory effort
Bicarb/Cl - exchanger - brings a Cl - into the RBC and expels bicarb into the serum

4. What is another name for neonatal RDS
Silicosis - MACS respond to silica and release fibrogenic factors leading to fibrosis
Hyaline membrane disease
L/S < 1.5
Airways close prematurely resulting in inc RV and dec FVC

5. What is a typical tidal volume
Hypoxic vasocxn shifts blood away from poorly ventilated regions of lung to well ventilated regions of lung
RV + ERV - volume in lungs after nl expiration
1 g of Hb can bind 1.34 mL of O2 - nl O2 in blood is 15 g/dL - cyansosis when deoxy Hb > 5 g/dL
500mL

6. How does autoimmune dz cause thromboemboli
Lost with alveolar walls
Systemic sclerosis - inflammation leading to intimal fibrosis and medial hypertrophy
Defect in coagulative cascace proteins
Superior portion of right inferior lobe

7. What is the alveolar gas equation
RALS - righ anterior - left superior
L/S > 2 = lecithin/sphingomyelin
PAO2 = PIO2 - (PACO2/R) R = respiratory quotient = CO2 produced/O2 consumed
C3 - 4 - 6 - phrenic nerve - referred to shoulder

8. Why is cesarean delivery a risk factor for neonatal RDS
Lung cancer
Inc protein - cloudy content - malignancy - PNA - collagen vascular dz - trauma
Dec dec in FEV1 - dec in FVC
Dec release of fetal glucocorticoids

9. How far to the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium extend - What do MACS do in the alveoli - and how far do the goblet cells extend
Deoxygenated blood - elastic walls
Cor pulmonale - subsequent RVF - JVD - edema - hepatomegaly
Respiratory bronchioles - clear debris in alveoli - bronchi
Ciliated cells

10. What changes in 2 -3 - DPG occur at high altitude
Promotes dissociation of H+ from Hb and shifts equilibrium back towards CO2 formation for exhalation
Inc 2 -3 DPG - binds to Hb so the Hb releases more O2
Dec in the FEV1/FVC
N- terminus - carbaminohemoglobin

11. What is fetal hemoglobin made of and why does it have a higher affinity for O2
No change - but inc venous CO2 content
Right shift - favors taut - low affinity for O2 - O2 unloading
2alpha and 2 gamma subunits - lower affinity for 2 -3 BPG
Inspiration by diaphragm - expiration is passive

12. How is pulmonary circulation characterized in terms of resistance and compliance
PVR = (PpulmA - PleftA)/CO
Type II pneumocytes - after week 35
Low resistance and high compliance
Elastic properties

13. What is pulmonary surfactant made of - and What does it do
Dipalmatoyl phosphatidylcholine - decreases surface tension
IVC at T8 - esophagus and vagus at T10 - aorta - thoracic ducts - azygous at T12 - I ate 10 eggs at 12
Both highest in the base
Decrease in both - though in obstructive FEV1 is more dramatically reduced resulting in FEV1/FVC ration < 80%

14. What happens to diffusing capacity in interstiial lung diseases
Dec in the FEV1/FVC
Retinopathy of maturity
Lowered
Lung cancer

15. What is hemoglobin composed of...
Inc excretion of bicarb to compensate for respiratory alkalosis
Inc 2 -3 DPG - binds to Hb so the Hb releases more O2
Zone 3
4 polypeptide subunits - 2 alpha and 2 beta

16. What kind of course does interstitial PNA follow in comparison to bronchoPNA
Type II cells
Acute/chronic inc in vent
97% of alveolar surfaces - line alveoli - squamous - thin and optimal for gas exchange
More indolent

17. What cells make surfactant and At what week is produced most abundantly
CO2 - acid/altitude - DPG - Exercise - Temperature
Type II pneumocytes - after week 35
Heparin
Neutrophilic substance toxic to alveolar wall - activation fo coagulation cascade or oxygen derived free radicals

18. What do type II cells do - What is their morphology - when do they proliferate
3% - secrete pulm surfactant - cuboidal and clustered - precursor to type I and II - proliferate during lung damage
Air in excess of tidal volume that moves into lung on maximal inspiration
Metastasis - breast - colon - prostate - bladder -
Horners syndrome from affect of cervical sympathetic plexus - pancoast's tumor

19. How much O2 can 1 g of Hb bind - What is nl Hb in the blood and When does cyanosis happen
ARDS - neontatal RDS - pneumoconiosis - sarcoidosis - idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - goodpasture's - wegeners - eosinophilic granuloma - or drug toxicities
Ciliated cells
IVC at T8 - esophagus and vagus at T10 - aorta - thoracic ducts - azygous at T12 - I ate 10 eggs at 12
1 g of Hb can bind 1.34 mL of O2 - nl O2 in blood is 15 g/dL - cyansosis when deoxy Hb > 5 g/dL

20. What changes occur to pulm blood flow during exercise
Obesity - loud snoring - systemic/pulmonary HTN - arrhythmias and possible sudden death
Inc due to inc CO
Bleomycin - busulfan - anmiodorone
Fat - Air - Thrombus - Bacteria - Amniotic fluid - Tumor - embolus types

21. What TX is the mother given before delivery - and what TXs are given to the infant
Steroids to mom - artificial surfactant and thyroxine to neonate
RV + ERV - volume in lungs after nl expiration
Viral - URIs - allergens and stress
N- terminus - carbaminohemoglobin

22. Which pts are at risk for apriation PNA
Poor muscular effort - polio - myasthenia gravis; poor structural apparatus - scoliosis - morbid obesity
No change - but inc venous CO2 content
Alchoholics or epileptics
Long bone fractures and liposuction

23. What changes at high altitude can result in RVH
Chronic hypoxic vasocxn
Acetazolamide - inhibits CA and acidifies the blood
Shed epithelium from mucus plugs
Dyspnea - dec breath sounds - tachycardia - late onset hypoxemia due to eventual loss of capillary beds - early onest dyspnea - pink puffer - barrel chest

24. What is the TX for small cell lung cancer
Dec
Dec - because physiologic shunt dec O2 extraction from ratio
Localized collection of pus within parenchyma - usually resulting from bronchial obstruction - apsiration of oropharyngeal contents
Inoperable - responsive to chemotherapy

25. What organisms cause a bronchoPNA and What are the characteristics
S. aureus - H flu - Klebsiella - S pyogenis; acute inflmmatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli; pathy distribution involving 1 or more lobes
Shed epithelium from mucus plugs
Prostaglandins - histamine - ACE - kallikrein
Hypoxemia because of shunting - V/Q mistmatch - fibrosis

26. What can amniotic fluid emboli lead to...
Change in lung volume for a given change in pressure - decreased in pulmonary fibrosis - insuff surfactant - pulmonary edema
Elastase
Clara cells - type II pneumocytes; multiple densitites on CXR
DIC - especially postpartum

27. What does PFTs show in COPD
Nonciliated - columnar with secretory granules - secrete component of surfactant - degrade toxins - ast as resevoir cells
Tension pneumo - away from lesion
Dec dec in FEV1 - dec in FVC
Dec - no change

28. What is the order of decreasing pressures among the alveola - capillaries and veins in zone 2 of the lungs
Pa > PA > Pv
Inc resistance leading to inc pressure
Severe respiratory distress - cyanosis and RVH - death from decompensated cor pulmonale
Respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveoli - participates in gas exchange

29. What do PFTs show in restrictive lung disease
Stasis - hypercoagulability - endothelial damage
Adenocarcinoma of the lung - bronchioalveolar - hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Bronchial obstruction - toward side of lesion
FEV1/FVC > 80%

30. Tumor secreting serotonin causes a syndrome with flushing - diarrhea - wheezing - salvation; fibrous deposits in the right heart valves may lead to tricuspid insuff - pulmonary stenosis - right heart failure - tumor and syndrome
Silicosis - MACS respond to silica and release fibrogenic factors leading to fibrosis
C3 - 4 - 6 - phrenic nerve - referred to shoulder
Lobar PNA
Carcinoid - carcinoid

31. Where is cartilage present in the respiratory tree
Bullae - rupture leading to spontaneous pneumothorax often in young - otherwise healthy males
CO x O2 content of blood
Trachea and bronchi
Matched - =1 adequate gas exchange

32. What changes in ventilation rate occur during exercise
Hyaline membrane disease
On expiration as radius dec
S. aureus or anaerobes
Inc to meet O2 demand

33. What happens to lung volumes in obstructive lung disease
Right lung = 3 lobes - left lung = 2 lobes; lingula is homologue of right middle lobe in the left lung
PAO2 = PIO2 - (PACO2/R) R = respiratory quotient = CO2 produced/O2 consumed
Inc
Inc resistance leading to inc pressure

34. Where does lung cancer met to...
Adrenals - brain (epilepsy) - bone (pathologic lesions) - liver (jaundice - hepatomegaly)
No respiratory effort
O2 (nl health) - CO2 - N2O - gas equilibrates early along length of capillary - diffusion can be inc only if blood flow inc
Atherosclerosis - medial hypertrophy - and intimal fibrosis of pulm ateries

35. What is the pathology of ARDS
Low resistance and high compliance
Diffuse alveolar damage leads to ince alveolar capillary perm and protein rich leakage into alveoli resulting in formation of intra - alveolar hyaline membrane
Asbestos bodies are golden brown fusiform rods resembling dumbells located inside macrophages - shipbuilding - roofing - and plumbing
Shed epithelium from mucus plugs

36. What causes primary pulm HTN
Defect in coagulative cascace proteins
Fe 2+
Form of hemoglobin bound to CO in place of O2 - causes dec O2 binding capacituy with a left shift in the O2 hemoglobin dissociation curve - dec unloading in tissues
Inactivating mutation in the BMPR2 gene which nl fxns to inhibit vasc smooth musc proliferation - poor prognosis

37. What properties determine the combined volumes of the chest wall and lungs
Elastic properties
Dec - because physiologic shunt dec O2 extraction from ratio
Lung cancer
Viral - URIs - allergens and stress

38. Where do you find type I cells - What is their morphology - and What do they do
Localized collection of pus within parenchyma - usually resulting from bronchial obstruction - apsiration of oropharyngeal contents
Everything but RV - TV + IRV + ERV
97% of alveolar surfaces - line alveoli - squamous - thin and optimal for gas exchange
Upper lobes - cor pulmonale - caplan's syndrome

39. What are the findings of chronic bronchitis
Wheezing - crackles - cyansosis - late - onset dyspnea - blue bloater
Air in excess of tidal volume that moves into lung on maximal inspiration
Inc to meet O2 demand
Bronchial obstruction - CF - poor ciliary motility - Kartagener's syndrome - and the potential to develop aspergillosis

40. An increase in all things (except pH) causes what shift in the O2 curve - What does a decrease in all things (except pH) cause
Mismatch
Incr - right - dec - left
Dipalmatoyl phosphatidylcholine - decreases surface tension
500mL

41. If you aspirate a peanut while upright - where will it go
Hypertrophy of mucus secreting glands in the bronchioles
Inc excretion of bicarb to compensate for respiratory alkalosis
Lower portion of right inferior lobe
Matched - =1 adequate gas exchange

42. What is surfactant made of...
Repeated cycles of lung injury and wound healing with inc collagen
Right
Dipalmatoyl phosphatidylcholine
Nose - pharynx - trachea - bronchi - brionchioles - terminal bronchioles

43. What layers must CO2 and O2 traverse to complete gas exchange
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness causes reversible bronchocxn - smooth muscle hypertrophy and curschmann's spirals
Alveolar space - type I epithelial cell - BM - endothelial cell capillary lumen
Acetazolamide - inhibits CA and acidifies the blood
Severe respiratory distress - cyanosis and RVH - death from decompensated cor pulmonale

44. In emphysema - What is increased lung compliance due to...
Zone 3
Squamous cell carcinoma - keratin pearls and intracellular bridges
Small cell (oat cell) carcinoma - neoplasm of neuroendocrine with Kultchitsky cells (small dark blue cells)
Loss of elastic fibers

45. At what lung volume is system pressure atmospheric and why
SVC syndrome - pancoast tumor - horners - endocrine - recurrrent laryngeal symptoms - effusions (pleural or pericardial)
Chroniclly tired
Oxidized form of hemoglobin (ferric - Fe 3+) that does not bind O2 as readily - but has high affinity for CN-
FRC - inward pull of lung balanced by outward pull of chest wall

46. What is the protein content an exudative pleural effusion and What are the potential causes
Dec cross sectional area of pulm vasc bed
Deoxygenated blood - elastic walls
Right shift - favors taut - low affinity for O2 - O2 unloading
Inc protein - cloudy content - malignancy - PNA - collagen vascular dz - trauma

47. What findings are associated with emphysema
Dyspnea - dec breath sounds - tachycardia - late onset hypoxemia due to eventual loss of capillary beds - early onest dyspnea - pink puffer - barrel chest
Adenocarcinoma of lung - bronchial - most common cancer in females and non smokers
O2 (emphysema - fibrosis) - CO - gas does not equilibrate by the time blood reaches the end of the capillary
Methylene blue

48. What happens to arterial PO2 in chronic lung disease and why
Elastic properties
Respiratory bronchioles - clear debris in alveoli - bronchi
Dec - because physiologic shunt dec O2 extraction from ratio
Bind 4 O2 molecules and higher affinity for each subsequent O2 molecule bound

49. What happens in diffiusion limited pulmonary circulation and what gases does this apply to...
Inc mitochondria
Adenocarcinoma of the lung - bronchioalveolar - hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Hypoxemia because of shunting - V/Q mistmatch - fibrosis
O2 (emphysema - fibrosis) - CO - gas does not equilibrate by the time blood reaches the end of the capillary

50. What happens with the O2 curve shifts to the right and What does it facilitate
Bicarb/Cl - exchanger - brings a Cl - into the RBC and expels bicarb into the serum
Dec affinity of hemoglobin for O2 - facilates unloading of O2 to tissue
IRV + TV + ERV + RV
Dipalmatoyl phosphatidylcholine

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Major Subjects
Tests & Exams AP CLEP DSST GRE SAT GMAT	Certifications CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/ PMP ITIL RHCE MCTS More...	IT Skills Android Programming Data Modeling Objective C Programming Basic Python Programming Adobe Illustrator More...	Business Skills Advertising Techniques Business Accounting Basics Business Strategy Human Resource Management Marketing Basics More...
Soft Skills Body Language People Skills Public Speaking Persuasion Job Hunting And Resumes More...	Vocabulary GRE Vocab SAT Vocab TOEFL Essential Vocab Basic English Words For All Global Words You Should Know Business English More...	Languages AP German Vocab AP Latin Vocab SAT Subject Test: French Italian Survival Norwegian Survival More...	Engineering Audio Engineering Computer Science Engineering Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering Structural Engineering More...
Health Sciences Basic Nursing Skills Health Science Language Fundamentals Veterinary Technology Medical Language Cardiology Clinical Surgery More...	English Grammar Fundamentals Literary And Rhetorical Vocab Elements Of Style Vocab Introduction To English Major Complete Advanced Sentences Literature Homonyms More...	Math Algebra Formulas Basic Arithmetic: Measurements Metric Conversions Geometric Properties Important Math Facts Number Sense Vocab Business Math More...	Other Major Subjects Science Economics History Law Performing-arts Cooking Logic & Reasoning Trivia

Test your basic knowledge |

Respiratory

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Let me suggest you:

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests

Major Subjects

Tests & Exams

Certifications

IT Skills

Business Skills

Soft Skills

Vocabulary

Languages

Engineering

Health Sciences

English

Math

Other Major Subjects

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests