Test your basic knowledge |

Respiratory

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Lung absecss often reults From what organisms
S. aureus - H flu - Klebsiella - S pyogenis; acute inflmmatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli; pathy distribution involving 1 or more lobes
S. aureus or anaerobes
Type II pneumocytes - dec alveolar surface tension - inc compliance - dec work of inspiration
3% - secrete pulm surfactant - cuboidal and clustered - precursor to type I and II - proliferate during lung damage

2. What are the causes of hypoxemia
20.1 mL O2 /dL
Dipalmatoyl phosphatidylcholine
Strep pneumo most often - or klebsiella - intra - alveolar exudate leading to consolidation; can involve entire lung
Dec PaO2 - high altitude - hypoventilation - V/Q mismatch - shunting - diffusion

3. How does recurrent thromboemboli cause pulm HTN
Bullae - rupture leading to spontaneous pneumothorax often in young - otherwise healthy males
Small airways
Dec cross sectional area of pulm vasc bed
Everything but RV - TV + IRV + ERV

4. What is compliance and When is it decrease
Bronchial obstruction - CF - poor ciliary motility - Kartagener's syndrome - and the potential to develop aspergillosis
O2 (nl health) - CO2 - N2O - gas equilibrates early along length of capillary - diffusion can be inc only if blood flow inc
Change in lung volume for a given change in pressure - decreased in pulmonary fibrosis - insuff surfactant - pulmonary edema
Diffuse alveolar damage leads to ince alveolar capillary perm and protein rich leakage into alveoli resulting in formation of intra - alveolar hyaline membrane

5. What organisms cause a bronchoPNA and What are the characteristics
Matched - =1 adequate gas exchange
Apex = 3 (wasted ventilation) Base = 0.6 (wasted perfusion)
S. aureus - H flu - Klebsiella - S pyogenis; acute inflmmatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli; pathy distribution involving 1 or more lobes
Dec - due to lactic acidosis

6. What are the two forms of hemoglobin
Dec - due to lactic acidosis
Fat - Air - Thrombus - Bacteria - Amniotic fluid - Tumor - embolus types
Taut form - low affinity for O2; relaxed form has high affinity for O2 (300x)
Cor pulmonale - subsequent RVF - JVD - edema - hepatomegaly

7. What is a potential test for asthma
Apex = 3 (wasted ventilation) Base = 0.6 (wasted perfusion)
Methacholine challenge
Histiocytosis X - Langerhans cells
On expiration as radius dec

8. What is occupied in the space that would have been the left middle lobe
Prematurity - maternal RDS - cesarean delivery
RSV - adenovirus - mycoplasma - legionella - chlamydia; diffuse patchy inflammation localized to interstitial areas at alveolar walls; distrubtion involving 1 or more lobes
Heart
Oxidized form of hemoglobin (ferric - Fe 3+) that does not bind O2 as readily - but has high affinity for CN-

9. What happens to FEV1 and FVC in both obstructive and restrictive lung disease and What is the difference
Dyspnea - dec breath sounds - tachycardia - late onset hypoxemia due to eventual loss of capillary beds - early onest dyspnea - pink puffer - barrel chest
Decrease in both - though in obstructive FEV1 is more dramatically reduced resulting in FEV1/FVC ration < 80%
Lung cancer
Apex of healthy lung

10. What properties determine the combined volumes of the chest wall and lungs
Inc EPO causing inc hemotocrit and hemoglobin - chronic hypoxia
Deoxygenated blood - elastic walls
Elastic properties
Stasis - hypercoagulability - endothelial damage

11. What are the subtypes of pneumoconioses

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

12. Which muscles are involved in quiet breathing and What part of respiration do the control
Inspiration by diaphragm - expiration is passive
Tert (segmental) bronchus - 2 arteries (bronch/pulm) - veins and lymph drain along the borders - arteries run with airways
Oxidized form of hemoglobin (ferric - Fe 3+) that does not bind O2 as readily - but has high affinity for CN-
Dec in lung volumes - FVC - TLC

13. What is the formula for oxygen delivery to tissues
Chroniclly tired
Zone 1
RV + ERV - volume in lungs after nl expiration
CO x O2 content of blood

14. What drug therapy is used to augment the changes in bicarb exretion
Everything but RV - TV + IRV + ERV
Zone 3
Acetazolamide - inhibits CA and acidifies the blood
Gland depth/total thickness of broncial wall - >50%

15. What do pulmonary arteries carry - and how are pulm arterial pressures maintained during the cardiac cycle
Deoxygenated blood - elastic walls
O2 (nl health) - CO2 - N2O - gas equilibrates early along length of capillary - diffusion can be inc only if blood flow inc
Productive cough for greater than 3 months in at least 2 years
Right shift - favors taut - low affinity for O2 - O2 unloading

16. What are the 3 forms that CO2 is transported from tissues to lungs
ARDS - neontatal RDS - pneumoconiosis - sarcoidosis - idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - goodpasture's - wegeners - eosinophilic granuloma - or drug toxicities
Angio I to angio II - inactivates bradykinin (ACEi inc bradykinin and cause cough - angioedema)
Opposites
Bicarb (90%) - bound to globin (5%) and dissolved (5%)

17. What effects do O2 and CO2 have on pulm circulation - in relation to the other
L/S > 2 = lecithin/sphingomyelin
Opposites
Loss of blood flow - impeded arterial flow - reduced venous drainage
Chroniclly tired

18. What happens to O2 content and O2 sat as Hb falls
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - noncaseating granuloma - inc ACE and calcium
Inc shear stress leading to endothelial injury
Dec - no change
Hypoxemia because of shunting - V/Q mistmatch - fibrosis

19. What is an example of hypercoagulability
Hypertrophy of mucus secreting glands in the bronchioles
ARDS - neontatal RDS - pneumoconiosis - sarcoidosis - idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - goodpasture's - wegeners - eosinophilic granuloma - or drug toxicities
Inc resistance leading to inc pressure
Defect in coagulative cascace proteins

20. What is fetal hemoglobin made of and why does it have a higher affinity for O2
2alpha and 2 gamma subunits - lower affinity for 2 -3 BPG
No change - but inc venous CO2 content
FRC - inward pull of lung balanced by outward pull of chest wall
Opposites

21. What cellular changes occur at high altitude
S. aureus - H flu - Klebsiella - S pyogenis; acute inflmmatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli; pathy distribution involving 1 or more lobes
Retinopathy of maturity
More indolent
Inc mitochondria

22. What is a typical tidal volume
PA02 = 150 - PACO2/0.8
R = 8nl/pir^4 - n=viscosity - l = length - r = vessel radius
500mL
Dorsiflexion of food leads to tender calf muscle

23. What is the nl form of iron in hemoglobin
Bronchial obstruction - CF - poor ciliary motility - Kartagener's syndrome - and the potential to develop aspergillosis
Fe 2+
Angio I to angio II - inactivates bradykinin (ACEi inc bradykinin and cause cough - angioedema)
Vgas = (A/T) [Dk(P1- P2)] - A = area - T= thickness ; A dec in emphysema and T inc pulmonary fibrosis

24. What is the formula for A- a gradient - and What is it normally
Repeated cycles of lung injury and wound healing with inc collagen
PAO2 - PaO2 = 10-15 mmHg
Lungs collapse inwards and chest wall spring out
500mL

25. How happens to the proton from the rxn the created bicarb
Trauma - sepsis - shock - gastric aspiration - uremia - acute pancreatitis - amniotic fluid embolism
Shunting
It binds to Hb -
Tert (segmental) bronchus - 2 arteries (bronch/pulm) - veins and lymph drain along the borders - arteries run with airways

26. In what cells do you find lamellar bodies
Type II cells
Coal miner's - silicosis - abestosis
TB - apex
Trachea and bronchi

27. What is the TX for small cell lung cancer
Obesity - loud snoring - systemic/pulmonary HTN - arrhythmias and possible sudden death
Inoperable - responsive to chemotherapy
O2 (emphysema - fibrosis) - CO - gas does not equilibrate by the time blood reaches the end of the capillary
PA02 = 150 - PACO2/0.8

28. What happens to lung volumes in restrictive lung disease
Dec
RV + ERV - volume in lungs after nl expiration
0 - negative - prevents pneumothorax
Chroniclly tired

29. What is the formula for collapsing pressure
N- terminus - carbaminohemoglobin
1 g of Hb can bind 1.34 mL of O2 - nl O2 in blood is 15 g/dL - cyansosis when deoxy Hb > 5 g/dL
P = 2ST/radius
Defect in coagulative cascace proteins

30. What are potential triggers for asthma
Inoperable - responsive to chemotherapy
O2 (emphysema - fibrosis) - CO - gas does not equilibrate by the time blood reaches the end of the capillary
Activates bradykinin
Viral - URIs - allergens and stress

31. What is nl pulmonary artery pressure and At what point is it considered pulm HTN
COPD and destruction of lung parenchyma - mitral stenosis - recurrent thromboemboli - autoimmune dz - left to right shunt - sleep apnea - or living at high altitude
Nitrates to oxidize hemoglobin to methemoglobin Which binds CN allowing cyto C oxidase to fxn - use thiosulfate to bind this cyanide forming thiocynate - which is renally excreted
2alpha and 2 gamma subunits - lower affinity for 2 -3 BPG
Nl = 10-14 - pulm HTN at or above 25 or above 35 during exercise

32. What lung abnl is characterized by absent or decreased breath sounds over affected area - dec resonance - dec fremitus - and which side is the trachea deviated towards
Bronchial obstruction - toward side of lesion
Inc production
Upper lobes
Adrenals - brain (epilepsy) - bone (pathologic lesions) - liver (jaundice - hepatomegaly)

33. An increase in all things (except pH) causes what shift in the O2 curve - What does a decrease in all things (except pH) cause
Dec cross sectional area of pulm vasc bed
High alveolar pressure compresses capillaries
Incr - right - dec - left
L/S > 2 = lecithin/sphingomyelin

34. What reaction and enzyme create bicarb and Where does it happen
Oxidized form of hemoglobin (ferric - Fe 3+) that does not bind O2 as readily - but has high affinity for CN-
Shed epithelium from mucus plugs
CO2 is absorbed into the RBC - carbonic anydrase catalyzes the rxn of CO2 + H2O to yield H2CO3 - which readily dissociateds into H+ and HCO3-
Hypertrophy of mucus secreting glands in the bronchioles

35. What is the imaging test of choice for PE
Vgas = (A/T) [Dk(P1- P2)] - A = area - T= thickness ; A dec in emphysema and T inc pulmonary fibrosis
Matched - =1 adequate gas exchange
Productive cough for greater than 3 months in at least 2 years
CT angio

36. What changes in ventilation rate occur during exercise
Hypertrophy of mucus secreting glands in the bronchioles
Inc to meet O2 demand
L/S > 2 = lecithin/sphingomyelin
20.1 mL O2 /dL

37. Why is cesarean delivery a risk factor for neonatal RDS
Dec release of fetal glucocorticoids
Right lung - right main stem bronhus is wider and more vertical
N- terminus - carbaminohemoglobin
Cl - - H+ - CO2 - 2 -3- BPG - temperature - shifts to the right

38. Which has a greater affinity for hemoglobin - CO or O2 and by how much
Respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveoli - participates in gas exchange
S. aureus - H flu - Klebsiella - S pyogenis; acute inflmmatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli; pathy distribution involving 1 or more lobes
Apex of healthy lung
CO - 200x

39. What spinal nerves innvervate the diaphragm and where can pain from the diaphragm be referred
Stasis - hypercoagulability - endothelial damage
Ivory white calcified pleural plaques
PAO2 = PIO2 - (PACO2/R) R = respiratory quotient = CO2 produced/O2 consumed
C3 - 4 - 6 - phrenic nerve - referred to shoulder

40. What is the leading cause of cancer death
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - noncaseating granuloma - inc ACE and calcium
Nose - pharynx - trachea - bronchi - brionchioles - terminal bronchioles
Dec O2 delivery to tissues - dec cardiac output - anemia - CN poisoning - CO poisoning
Lung cancer

41. What happens to lung volumes in obstructive lung disease
Gland depth/total thickness of broncial wall - >50%
Inc
Bronchial obstruction - CF - poor ciliary motility - Kartagener's syndrome - and the potential to develop aspergillosis
Inc to meet O2 demand

42. What is methemoglobin
CO x O2 content of blood
Deoxygenated blood - elastic walls
Oxidized form of hemoglobin (ferric - Fe 3+) that does not bind O2 as readily - but has high affinity for CN-
Adrenals - brain (epilepsy) - bone (pathologic lesions) - liver (jaundice - hepatomegaly)

43. What is the formula for O2 content
O2 binding x O2 sat + dissolved O2
It binds to Hb -
Lungs collapse inwards and chest wall spring out
Bullae - rupture leading to spontaneous pneumothorax often in young - otherwise healthy males

44. What is central sleep apnea
No respiratory effort
Methacholine challenge
COPD and destruction of lung parenchyma - mitral stenosis - recurrent thromboemboli - autoimmune dz - left to right shunt - sleep apnea - or living at high altitude
It binds to Hb -

45. What must occur with a exudate pleural effusion
Lowered
Dec - no change
Chest pain - tachypnea and dyspnea
Drainage

46. What are clara cells What is their morphology and What do they do
Nonciliated - columnar with secretory granules - secrete component of surfactant - degrade toxins - ast as resevoir cells
PAO2 - PaO2 = 10-15 mmHg
RV + ERV - volume in lungs after nl expiration
20.1 mL O2 /dL

47. What are the associations with bronchiectasis

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

48. How do you prevent DVT
Zone 1
Elastase
Heparin
Right lung = 3 lobes - left lung = 2 lobes; lingula is homologue of right middle lobe in the left lung

49. What does the oxygenation of Hb in the lungs do to the equilibirum of the CA rxn
Promotes dissociation of H+ from Hb and shifts equilibrium back towards CO2 formation for exhalation
Dec PaO2 - high altitude - hypoventilation - V/Q mismatch - shunting - diffusion
It binds to Hb -
IRV + TV

50. What can amniotic fluid emboli lead to...
Dec - no change
S. aureus - H flu - Klebsiella - S pyogenis; acute inflmmatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli; pathy distribution involving 1 or more lobes
DIC - especially postpartum
Lowered

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Major Subjects
Tests & Exams AP CLEP DSST GRE SAT GMAT	Certifications CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/ PMP ITIL RHCE MCTS More...	IT Skills Android Programming Data Modeling Objective C Programming Basic Python Programming Adobe Illustrator More...	Business Skills Advertising Techniques Business Accounting Basics Business Strategy Human Resource Management Marketing Basics More...
Soft Skills Body Language People Skills Public Speaking Persuasion Job Hunting And Resumes More...	Vocabulary GRE Vocab SAT Vocab TOEFL Essential Vocab Basic English Words For All Global Words You Should Know Business English More...	Languages AP German Vocab AP Latin Vocab SAT Subject Test: French Italian Survival Norwegian Survival More...	Engineering Audio Engineering Computer Science Engineering Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering Structural Engineering More...
Health Sciences Basic Nursing Skills Health Science Language Fundamentals Veterinary Technology Medical Language Cardiology Clinical Surgery More...	English Grammar Fundamentals Literary And Rhetorical Vocab Elements Of Style Vocab Introduction To English Major Complete Advanced Sentences Literature Homonyms More...	Math Algebra Formulas Basic Arithmetic: Measurements Metric Conversions Geometric Properties Important Math Facts Number Sense Vocab Business Math More...	Other Major Subjects Science Economics History Law Performing-arts Cooking Logic & Reasoning Trivia

Test your basic knowledge |

Respiratory

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Let me suggest you:

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests

Major Subjects

Tests & Exams

Certifications

IT Skills

Business Skills

Soft Skills

Vocabulary

Languages

Engineering

Health Sciences

English

Math

Other Major Subjects

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests