Test your basic knowledge |

Respiratory

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What changes in EPO occur at high altitude
Inc EPO causing inc hemotocrit and hemoglobin - chronic hypoxia
Dipalmatoyl phosphatidylcholine - decreases surface tension
Acute/chronic inc in vent
Shunting

2. increases In what substances favor the taut form of hemoglobin and which direction does that shift the O2 dissociation curve
Cl - - H+ - CO2 - 2 -3- BPG - temperature - shifts to the right
Adenocarcinoma of the lung - bronchioalveolar - hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Positive cooperativity and negative allostery - unlike myoglobin
Incr - right - dec - left

3. What is the course of of pulm HTN
Bronchial obstruction - CF - poor ciliary motility - Kartagener's syndrome - and the potential to develop aspergillosis
Tissue hypoxia from dec O2 sat and dec O2 content
Severe respiratory distress - cyanosis and RVH - death from decompensated cor pulmonale
Change in lung volume for a given change in pressure - decreased in pulmonary fibrosis - insuff surfactant - pulmonary edema

4. What are the causes of ischemia
Dec affinity of hemoglobin for O2 - facilates unloading of O2 to tissue
Loss of blood flow - impeded arterial flow - reduced venous drainage
COPD and destruction of lung parenchyma - mitral stenosis - recurrent thromboemboli - autoimmune dz - left to right shunt - sleep apnea - or living at high altitude
Dipalmatoyl phosphatidylcholine - decreases surface tension

5. What are the 3 forms that CO2 is transported from tissues to lungs
Stasis - hypercoagulability - endothelial damage
Bicarb (90%) - bound to globin (5%) and dissolved (5%)
Type II cells
Bronchial obstruction - CF - poor ciliary motility - Kartagener's syndrome - and the potential to develop aspergillosis

6. What is the imaging test of choice for PE
Inc airway pressure to prevent airway collapse during exhalation
Dec in the FEV1/FVC
CT angio
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness causes reversible bronchocxn - smooth muscle hypertrophy and curschmann's spirals

7. Which lung is the more common site for an inhaled foreign body and why
Lower portion of right inferior lobe
Inc resistance leading to inc pressure
Air that moves into lung with each quiet respiration
Right lung - right main stem bronhus is wider and more vertical

8. What is a typical tidal volume
500mL
Air that moves into lung with each quiet respiration
Inc 2 -3 DPG - binds to Hb so the Hb releases more O2
Trauma - sepsis - shock - gastric aspiration - uremia - acute pancreatitis - amniotic fluid embolism

9. Where do you find type I cells - What is their morphology - and What do they do
Dorsiflexion of food leads to tender calf muscle
97% of alveolar surfaces - line alveoli - squamous - thin and optimal for gas exchange
Ratio from apex to base becomes more uniform
Alchoholics or epileptics

10. What is occupied in the space that would have been the left middle lobe
Steroids to mom - artificial surfactant and thyroxine to neonate
Respiratory effort against airway obstruction
Heart
In between perfusion limited and diffusion limited

11. What organism causes a lobar PNA and What are the characteristics
IRV + TV + ERV + RV
Long bone fractures and liposuction
Pa > PA > Pv
Strep pneumo most often - or klebsiella - intra - alveolar exudate leading to consolidation; can involve entire lung

12. What is the Reid index and what perfectange is characteristic of chronic bronchitis
Gland depth/total thickness of broncial wall - >50%
3% - secrete pulm surfactant - cuboidal and clustered - precursor to type I and II - proliferate during lung damage
On expiration as radius dec
SVC syndrome - pancoast tumor - horners - endocrine - recurrrent laryngeal symptoms - effusions (pleural or pericardial)

13. Which muscles are involved in quiet breathing and What part of respiration do the control
Apex of healthy lung
Histiocytosis X - Langerhans cells
Inspiration by diaphragm - expiration is passive
Inc mitochondria

14. What is the protein content an exudative pleural effusion and What are the potential causes
Dec in the FEV1/FVC
Inc protein - cloudy content - malignancy - PNA - collagen vascular dz - trauma
FEV1/FVC > 80%
Prostaglandins - histamine - ACE - kallikrein

15. What spinal nerves innvervate the diaphragm and where can pain from the diaphragm be referred
Dyspnea - dec breath sounds - tachycardia - late onset hypoxemia due to eventual loss of capillary beds - early onest dyspnea - pink puffer - barrel chest
Bronchial obstruction - toward side of lesion
C3 - 4 - 6 - phrenic nerve - referred to shoulder
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - noncaseating granuloma - inc ACE and calcium

16. Other than surfactant - what other important substances are produced by the lungs
Prostaglandins - histamine - ACE - kallikrein
Person stops breathing for at least 10 seconds repeatedly during sleep
RALS - righ anterior - left superior
TB - silica disrupt phagolysosomes and impair MACS

17. What is the pathology of bronchiectasis
Shunting
Centriacinar
No change - but inc venous CO2 content
Chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi leading to permanently dilated airways - purulent sputum - recurrent infections - hemoptysis

18. What is the alveolar gas equation approximation
Dec protein - CHF - nephrotic syndrome - hepatic cirrhosis
Inc O2 consumption
PA02 = 150 - PACO2/0.8
PAO2 = PIO2 - (PACO2/R) R = respiratory quotient = CO2 produced/O2 consumed

19. What are the various causes of ARDS
Inc protein - cloudy content - malignancy - PNA - collagen vascular dz - trauma
Trauma - sepsis - shock - gastric aspiration - uremia - acute pancreatitis - amniotic fluid embolism
Heart
Neutrophilic substance toxic to alveolar wall - activation fo coagulation cascade or oxygen derived free radicals

20. What is the protein content in a transudative pleural effusion and What are the potential causes
Loss of elastic fibers
Type II cells
Dec protein - CHF - nephrotic syndrome - hepatic cirrhosis
Histiocytosis X - Langerhans cells

21. What is positive cooperativity of hemoglobin refer to...
Bind 4 O2 molecules and higher affinity for each subsequent O2 molecule bound
Alveolar space - type I epithelial cell - BM - endothelial cell capillary lumen
Type II pneumocytes - dec alveolar surface tension - inc compliance - dec work of inspiration
Wheezing - crackles - cyansosis - late - onset dyspnea - blue bloater

22. What are clara cells What is their morphology and What do they do
Coal miner's - silicosis - abestosis
Adenocarcinoma of the lung - bronchioalveolar - hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Nonciliated - columnar with secretory granules - secrete component of surfactant - degrade toxins - ast as resevoir cells
Respiratory bronchioles - clear debris in alveoli - bronchi

23. What muscles are involved in breathing during exercise and What do they control
Inspiration by external intercostals - scalenes - sternomastoids; expiration by rectus abdominus - internal/external obliques - transversus abdominus - internal intercostals
Air in lung after maxmimal expiration - cannot be measured on spirometry
Acetazolamide - inhibits CA and acidifies the blood
Inc protein - cloudy content - malignancy - PNA - collagen vascular dz - trauma

24. What is a potential test for asthma
0 - negative - prevents pneumothorax
Fe 2+
O2 binding x O2 sat + dissolved O2
Methacholine challenge

25. What happens with the O2 curve shifts to the right and What does it facilitate
Dec affinity of hemoglobin for O2 - facilates unloading of O2 to tissue
Wheezing - crackles - cyansosis - late - onset dyspnea - blue bloater
Activates bradykinin
Tight jxns

26. What is the formula for resistance
R = 8nl/pir^4 - n=viscosity - l = length - r = vessel radius
Fe 2+
Defect in coagulative cascace proteins
IRV + TV

27. Lung cancer not linked to smoking - peripheral - grows along airywas - can present like a PNA - cancer and complication
Adenocarcinoma of the lung - bronchioalveolar - hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Inc production
Fe 2+
Lost with alveolar walls

28. What are the subtypes of pneumoconioses

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

29. What are the potential TX for sleep apnea
Change in lung volume for a given change in pressure - decreased in pulmonary fibrosis - insuff surfactant - pulmonary edema
Weight loss - CPAP - surgery
Air that can still be breathed out after nl expiration
Inc

30. What enzyme increases activity in emphysema
CO2 is absorbed into the RBC - carbonic anydrase catalyzes the rxn of CO2 + H2O to yield H2CO3 - which readily dissociateds into H+ and HCO3-
Upper lobes
Elastase
Lung cancer

31. Define expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Air that can still be breathed out after nl expiration
Elastase
IRV + TV
C3 - 4 - 6 - phrenic nerve - referred to shoulder

32. What kind of connection exists between endothelial cells in the capilaries
Dec - because physiologic shunt dec O2 extraction from ratio
Tight jxns
Fe 2+
FEV1/FVC > 80%

33. Which pts are at risk for apriation PNA
Inc to meet O2 demand
Tissue hypoxia from dec O2 sat and dec O2 content
Obesity - loud snoring - systemic/pulmonary HTN - arrhythmias and possible sudden death
Alchoholics or epileptics

34. What must occur with a exudate pleural effusion
Stasis - hypercoagulability - endothelial damage
Drainage
Metastasis - breast - colon - prostate - bladder -
O2 binding x O2 sat + dissolved O2

35. What does decreased PAO2 do
Apex = 3 (wasted ventilation) Base = 0.6 (wasted perfusion)
Hypoxic vasocxn shifts blood away from poorly ventilated regions of lung to well ventilated regions of lung
IRV + TV
Decrease in both - though in obstructive FEV1 is more dramatically reduced resulting in FEV1/FVC ration < 80%

36. Synthesis of what substance increases with altitude and What does that do for the O2 sat curve
Diffuse alveolar damage leads to ince alveolar capillary perm and protein rich leakage into alveoli resulting in formation of intra - alveolar hyaline membrane
IVC at T8 - esophagus and vagus at T10 - aorta - thoracic ducts - azygous at T12 - I ate 10 eggs at 12
Inc resistance leading to inc pressure
Inc 2 -3- DPG - righward shift

37. What happens to arterial PO2 in chronic lung disease and why
Clara cells - type II pneumocytes; multiple densitites on CXR
Prostaglandins - histamine - ACE - kallikrein
Bicarb (90%) - bound to globin (5%) and dissolved (5%)
Dec - because physiologic shunt dec O2 extraction from ratio

38. What are the causes of hypoxia
Surfactant
Dec O2 delivery to tissues - dec cardiac output - anemia - CN poisoning - CO poisoning
Dec - due to lactic acidosis
Dec in lung volumes - FVC - TLC

39. Toxicities of what drugs include interstitial lung disease
Chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi leading to permanently dilated airways - purulent sputum - recurrent infections - hemoptysis
Adrenals - brain (epilepsy) - bone (pathologic lesions) - liver (jaundice - hepatomegaly)
Bleomycin - busulfan - anmiodorone
Bullae - rupture leading to spontaneous pneumothorax often in young - otherwise healthy males

40. What do hemoglobin modifacations lead to...
Tissue hypoxia from dec O2 sat and dec O2 content
Gland depth/total thickness of broncial wall - >50%
Inc 2 -3 DPG - binds to Hb so the Hb releases more O2
TB - apex

41. How does recurrent thromboemboli cause pulm HTN
Inspiration by diaphragm - expiration is passive
Dyspnea - dec breath sounds - tachycardia - late onset hypoxemia due to eventual loss of capillary beds - early onest dyspnea - pink puffer - barrel chest
Dec cross sectional area of pulm vasc bed
O2 (emphysema - fibrosis) - CO - gas does not equilibrate by the time blood reaches the end of the capillary

42. Chronic bronchitis is a disease of what kind of airways
Airways close prematurely resulting in inc RV and dec FVC
Asbestos bodies are golden brown fusiform rods resembling dumbells located inside macrophages - shipbuilding - roofing - and plumbing
Small airways
Lowered

43. Lung absecss often reults From what organisms
It binds to Hb -
Taut form - low affinity for O2; relaxed form has high affinity for O2 (300x)
S. aureus or anaerobes
Bicarb (90%) - bound to globin (5%) and dissolved (5%)

44. Tumor secreting serotonin causes a syndrome with flushing - diarrhea - wheezing - salvation; fibrous deposits in the right heart valves may lead to tricuspid insuff - pulmonary stenosis - right heart failure - tumor and syndrome
Carcinoid - carcinoid
Strep pneumo most often - or klebsiella - intra - alveolar exudate leading to consolidation; can involve entire lung
Dec in lung volumes - FVC - TLC
Ciliated cells

45. What area of the lung is the largest physiologic contributor of fxnal dead space
No respiratory effort
Airways close prematurely resulting in inc RV and dec FVC
Loss of elastic fibers
Apex of healthy lung

46. What is the leading cause of cancer death
Histiocytosis X - Langerhans cells
Methacholine challenge
Dec release of fetal glucocorticoids
Lung cancer

47. What is the fxn of the conducting zone
Acute/chronic inc in vent
Brings air in and out - warms - humidifies - filters
Vd = Vt x[(PaCO2 - PeCO2)/PaCO2]
Inc EPO leading to erythrocytosis

48. What changes occur to PaO2 and PaCO2
Right lung = 3 lobes - left lung = 2 lobes; lingula is homologue of right middle lobe in the left lung
Gland depth/total thickness of broncial wall - >50%
RALS - righ anterior - left superior
No change - but inc venous CO2 content

49. Where are ventilation and perfusion highest in the lung - respectively
Prematurity - maternal RDS - cesarean delivery
Right lung - right main stem bronhus is wider and more vertical
Both highest in the base
Dec O2 delivery to tissues - dec cardiac output - anemia - CN poisoning - CO poisoning

50. What is obstructive sleep apnea
Nose - pharynx - trachea - bronchi - brionchioles - terminal bronchioles
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy - noncaseating granuloma - inc ACE and calcium
Respiratory effort against airway obstruction
Anatomic dead space and smooth muscle

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Major Subjects
Tests & Exams AP CLEP DSST GRE SAT GMAT	Certifications CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/ PMP ITIL RHCE MCTS More...	IT Skills Android Programming Data Modeling Objective C Programming Basic Python Programming Adobe Illustrator More...	Business Skills Advertising Techniques Business Accounting Basics Business Strategy Human Resource Management Marketing Basics More...
Soft Skills Body Language People Skills Public Speaking Persuasion Job Hunting And Resumes More...	Vocabulary GRE Vocab SAT Vocab TOEFL Essential Vocab Basic English Words For All Global Words You Should Know Business English More...	Languages AP German Vocab AP Latin Vocab SAT Subject Test: French Italian Survival Norwegian Survival More...	Engineering Audio Engineering Computer Science Engineering Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering Structural Engineering More...
Health Sciences Basic Nursing Skills Health Science Language Fundamentals Veterinary Technology Medical Language Cardiology Clinical Surgery More...	English Grammar Fundamentals Literary And Rhetorical Vocab Elements Of Style Vocab Introduction To English Major Complete Advanced Sentences Literature Homonyms More...	Math Algebra Formulas Basic Arithmetic: Measurements Metric Conversions Geometric Properties Important Math Facts Number Sense Vocab Business Math More...	Other Major Subjects Science Economics History Law Performing-arts Cooking Logic & Reasoning Trivia

Test your basic knowledge |

Respiratory

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Let me suggest you:

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests

Major Subjects

Tests & Exams

Certifications

IT Skills

Business Skills

Soft Skills

Vocabulary

Languages

Engineering

Health Sciences

English

Math

Other Major Subjects

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests