Test your basic knowledge |

Skeletal System

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A joint whereby one surface swivels around another like a door hinge; also called a ginglymus joint. The only movements possible are flexion and extension; the elbow is an example.






2. Long bones of the axial skeleton that form the lateral walls of the thorax; dorsal portions are made of bone and form synovial joints with the thoracic vertebrae. Ventral portions are cartilage.






3. The kneecap; the largest sesamoid bone in the body; located on the front surface of the stifle joint in the tendon of the large quadriceps femoris muscle. It rides in the trochlea of the femur.






4. The joint movement whereby an extremity is moved toward the median plane.






5. Heavy - dense bone made up of tiny - tightly compacted - laminated cylinders of bone called haversian systems; makes up the shafts (diaphysis) of long bones and the outer surfaces of all bones.






6. Bones of the forelimb that lie between the carpals and phalanges of quadrupeds.






7. The long - flexible - caudal portion of the dorsal body cavity formed by the adjacent arches of the vertebrae of the spine; it houses and protects the spinal cord.






8. The most common type of bone marrow in adult animals; consists mainly of adipose tissue. Does not produce red blood cells - but it can revert to red bone marrow if the body needs greater than normal blood cell production.






9. Paired sesamoid bones in the legs of horses; located in the large digital flexor tendons behind the fetlock joints.






10. The immovable fibrous joints that unite most of the skull bones; also known as synarthroses.






11. The soft material that fills the spaces inside the bones; two types of bone marrow are red bone marrow - which forms blood cells - and yellow bone marrow - which consists primarily of adipose tissue.






12. Another name for a pivot joint; one bone pivots on another in a rotary motion. The only true pivot joint is the atlantoaxial joint.






13. The microscopic - laminated cylinders of bone that make up compact bone. Oriented lengthwise in a long bone - these consist of a central haversian canal surrounded by concentric layers of bone. Osteocytes in their lacunae are present at the junctions






14. Large - multinuclear cells of bone that absorb bone and structures and reshape or remodel damaged bones.






15. The central canal that runs the length of a haversian system; contains blood vessels - lymph vessels - and nerves that supply and nourish the osteocytes.






16. The concave articular surface of the scapula; the socket portion of the ball - and - socket shoulder joint.






17. The upper arm; the area of the thoracic limb between the elbow and the shoulder.






18. Bony arches below and behind the eyes of common domestic animals; in dogs and cats they form the widest part of the skull. Made up of the rostral - facing zygomatic process of the temporal bone joined with the caudal - facing temporal process of the






19. A space within a skull bone that is an outpouching of a nasal cavity; depending on the species - these are found within the frontal bones - maxillary bones - sphenoid bones - and ethmoid bones.






20. Bones that are relatively thin and flat; they consist of two thin plates of compact bone separated by a thin layer of cancellous bone. Includes skull bones and the scapula.






21. Secondary areas of growth in bones developing by the endochondral method; areas of bone development located outside the main portions of the carilaginous bone templates in a developing fetus.






22. Small cavities within the matrix of some connective tissues - such as cartilage and bone - within which cells are contained.






23. A spheroidal articular surface on the proximal end of a long bone; present on the proximal ends of the humerus - femur - and rib. Joined to the shaft of the bone by an area that is often narrowed and called the neck.






24. The group of vertebrae located dorsal to the abdominal region.






25. Spongy bone; a form of bone composed of a seemingly random arrangement of spicules of bone separated by spaces filled with bone marrow. Appears spongelike to the naked eye. Found in the ends of long bones and the interiors of short bones - flat bones






26. A hinge joint in which one articular surface swivels around another; the only movements possible are flexion and extension.






27. The vestigial metacarpal and metatarsal bones of a horse's leg. There are two spint bones in each leg: one on either side of the cannon bone (MC/MT III). The medial bone is MC/MT II and the lateral bone is MC/MT IV.






28. The bones of the tarsus - consisting of two rows of short bones located between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the proximal ends of the metatarsal bones.






29. The second cervical vertebra; it forms the atlantoaxial joint with the first cervical vertebra - the atlas.






30. The bone in the neck region that supports the base of the tongue - the pharynx - and the larynx - and aids the process of swallowing. It is usually referred to as a single bone - but it is composed of several portions of bone and cartilage.






31. A large channel through which large blood vessels pass carrying blood to and from the bone marrow.






32. The large process on the proximal end of the ulna that forms the point of the elbow; the site where the triceps brachii tendon attaches.






33. Process on the cranial end of the second cervical vertebra (axis) that fits into the caudal end of the first cervical vertebra (atlas).






34. Rib whose costal cartilage directly joins the sternum.






35. The visceral bone in the penis of dogs that partially surrounds the penile portion of the urethra.






36. A hole in the bone.






37. The cartilaginous ventral portion of a rib.






38. The joint between the femur and the tibia; called the knee joint in humans.






39. A freely movable synovial joint.






40. The paranasal sinus in the maxillary bones.






41. A skull bone; an internal bone of the cranium. This single bone is located just rostral to the sphenoid bone and contains the cribriform plate.






42. The 'horn core' of horned animals; a process of the frontal bone. The hollow cavity within this process is continuous with the frontal sinus (the paranasal sinus of the frontal bone).






43. The large hole in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord exits the skull.






44. Bones that are longer than they are wide; most of the limb bones are in this category.






45. The most caudal rib or two in the rib cage; a rib whose costal cartilage does not unite with anything but rather ends in the muscle of the thoracic wall.






46. The joint movement whereby an extremity is moved away from the median plane.






47. The thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of long bones in synovial joints; it forms a smooth layer over the joint surfaces of the bones - which decreases friction and allows free joint movement.






48. Skull bones that are external bones of the face; form a portion of the orbit of the ey and the rostral portion of the zygomatic arch.






49. Incoordination; animals with this make jerky - spastic movements.






50. Also called a spheroidal joint - it consists of a spherical joint surface (the ball) that fits into a closely matching - concave joint surface (the socket). Examples: shoulder and hip joints. Capable of all synovial joint movements.