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Software Engineering Principles

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the difference between an object and an object class?
An object is an individual while a class is a description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors. Labrador dogs is an example of a class and Maggie is an example of an object.
The double colon operator (::).
A special function that can be used in top- down testing to stand in for a lower- level function.
Running the program with the test cases listed in the test plan.

2. What is maintenance?
Making changes to fix operational errors and to add or modify the function of the program.
These tools are text editors - compilers - assemblers - operating systems - and debugging programs. (p5)
To take an object and move it from a general perspective to a precise level of detail. Variations of stepwise refinement include: top- down - bottom- up - functional decomposition - and even 'round- trip gestalt design.'
A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the perspective of the viewer of the system.

3. What is the scope resolution operator?
Also called an object. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.
Determining exactly what the program must do.
The double colon operator (::).
The discipline devoted to the design - production - and maintenance of computer programs that are developed on time and within cost estimates - using tools that help to manage the size and complexity of the resulting software products.

4. What is metric- based testing?
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.
The practice of only showing the information necessary for a user level and hiding the rest of the information. this makes programming in teams easier because you can see the big picture easier. Also - the programmer does not have to worry if the imp
Testing based on measurable factors.

5. What is loose coupling?
A property when changes within a module do not result in changes in the modules that use it.
Used to specify - visualize - construct - and document the components of a software system. This is particularly well suited for modeling object- oriented designs. The diagrams represent another form of abstraction.
A logical set of discrete steps that describes a complete solution to a given problem - computable in a finite amount of time.
Simple statements like do this - then do this - then do that.

6. What are software requirements?
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.
Unit testing is the testing of a single unit of the program (for instance - a function). Integration testing is the testing of groups of already tested units to make sure that they interact correctly and that the whole program works according to its
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.
Also called clear- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.

7. What is abstraction?
The approach in which the details come first. After the detailed components are identified and designed - they are brought together into increasingly higher- level components.
The set of valid input data for a program or function.
A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the perspective of the viewer of the system.
Detecting and fixing errors and demonstrating the correctness of the program.

8. What is debugging?
The process of removing known errors.
To 'do everything' specified to meet its requirements.
It is possible to carry out exhaustive data coverage for this program.
These tools are text editors - compilers - assemblers - operating systems - and debugging programs. (p5)

9. What is path testing?
A testing technique whereby the tester tries to execute all possible paths in a program or function.
A structure of tasks with a main module and subsections.
The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
The set of valid input data for a program or function.

10. What does correct mean?

11. What is the functional domain?
A special function that can be used in top- down testing to stand in for a lower- level function.
The set of valid input data for a program or function.
Also called robustness. The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
Used to specify - visualize - construct - and document the components of a software system. This is particularly well suited for modeling object- oriented designs. The diagrams represent another form of abstraction.

12. What is program validation?
The process of determining the degree to which software fulfills its intended purpose.
A cohesive system subunit that performs a share of the work.
The program's inputs and outputs should be readable and understandable to users.
Reusing objects and processes to implement more complex objects and processes.

13. What is regression testing?
Assertions that must be true on entry into an operation or function for the postconditions to be guaranteed.
Re- execution of program tests after modifications have been made to ensure that the program still works correctly.
Coding a program in a computer language.
Reusing objects and processes to implement more complex objects and processes.

14. Explain the phrase 'life- cycle verification.'

15. What is problem analysis?
A verification method in which one member of a team reads the program or design line by line and the other members point out errors.
The process of executing a program with data sets designed to discover errors.
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator
Understanding the nature of the problem to be solved.

16. What is statement coverage?
Actually using the program.
A shared body of knowledge.
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.
The practice of hiding details of a function or data structure with the goal of controlling access to the details of a module or structure.

17. What is unit testing?
Testing a module or function by itself.
Also called an object. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.
The program meets the demands of time or space in memory.
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs

18. What is high- and low- level design?

19. What is implementing a test plan?
A cohesive system subunit that performs a share of the work.
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator
Simple statements like do this - then do this - then do that.
Running the program with the test cases listed in the test plan.

20. What is top- down stepwise refinement?
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.
A program that sets up the testing environment by declaring and assigning initial values to variables - then calls the subprogram to be tested.
An object is an individual while a class is a description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors. Labrador dogs is an example of a class and Maggie is an example of an object.
These tools are text editors - compilers - assemblers - operating systems - and debugging programs. (p5)

21. What are the goals of quality software?
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis
Two less than symbols [<<].
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs

22. What does usable mean?

23. What is fault tolerance?
Also called robustness. The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
The functional domain consists of the whole numbers from 0 to 100.
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.
The process of testing the system in its real environment with real data.

24. What is black- box testing?

25. What is a path?
A combination of branches that might be traversed when a program or function is executed.
The process of executing a program with data sets designed to discover errors.
Assertions that must be true on entry into an operation or function for the postconditions to be guaranteed.
The approach in which the details come first. After the detailed components are identified and designed - they are brought together into increasingly higher- level components.

26. Differentiate between unit testing and integration testing.
Simple statements like do this - then do this - then do that.
Unit testing is the testing of a single unit of the program (for instance - a function). Integration testing is the testing of groups of already tested units to make sure that they interact correctly and that the whole program works according to its
A logical proposition that can be true or false.
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs

27. What is an exception?
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis
To 'do it right' to meet its requirements.
An unusual - generally unpredictable event - detectable by software or hardware - that requires special processing; the event may or may not be erroneous.

28. Give a specific C++ language attribute that supports information hiding.

29. A program is to read in a numeric score (0 to 100) and display an appropriate letter grade (A - B - C - D - or F). What is the functional domain of this program?
The functional domain consists of the whole numbers from 0 to 100.
A logical proposition that can be true or false.
Assertions that state what results are expected at the exit of an operation or function - assuming that the preconditions are true.
The process of removing known errors.

30. Name some software tools that you have used in developing computer programs.
The functional domain consists of the whole numbers from 0 to 100.
These tools are text editors - compilers - assemblers - operating systems - and debugging programs. (p5)
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget
The practice of hiding details of a function or data structure with the goal of controlling access to the details of a module or structure.

31. What is a technique used by good problem solvers for dealing with complexity?
Two greater than symbols [>>].
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.
A combination of branches that might be traversed when a program or function is executed.
Abstraction

32. What is a software specification?
Running the program with the test cases listed in the test plan.
The process of testing the system in its real environment with real data.
A detailed description of the function - inputs - processing - outputs - and special requirements of a software product; it provides the information needed to design and implement the program.
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget

33. What are preconditions?
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.
An object is an individual while a class is a description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors. Labrador dogs is an example of a class and Maggie is an example of an object.
Assertions that must be true on entry into an operation or function for the postconditions to be guaranteed.
Turning over the tested program to the customer or user (or instructor!).

34. What is integration testing?
Testing performed to integrate program modules that have already been independently unit tested.
Detecting and fixing errors and demonstrating the correctness of the program.
Two less than symbols [<<].
Defines the stepwise refinement approach to object- oriented design suggested by Grady Booch. First - the tangible items and events in the problem domain are identified and assigned to candidate classes and objects. Next - the external properties and

35. What is a hierarchy of objects?
Reusing objects and processes to implement more complex objects and processes.
Used to specify - visualize - construct - and document the components of a software system. This is particularly well suited for modeling object- oriented designs. The diagrams represent another form of abstraction.
Two less than symbols [<<].
A shared body of knowledge.

36. Give examples of the relationship between the cost of error correction in software development and when/where errors are detected in terms of the software life cycle.
The process of testing the system in its real environment with real data.
A standard - integrated set of software engineering tools and techniques used on a project by an organization.
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator

37. What is testing?
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.
The process of executing a program with data sets designed to discover errors.
Testing a program or function based on the possible input values - treating the code as a 'black box.'
Also called a class. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.

38. What is a branch?
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.
The approach in which the details come first. After the detailed components are identified and designed - they are brought together into increasingly higher- level components.
Making changes to fix operational errors and to add or modify the function of the program.
A code segment that is not always executed; for example - a switch statement has as many branches as there are case labels.

39. What is the insertion operator?
Two less than symbols [<<].
A property when changes within a module do not result in changes in the modules that use it.
A formal definition of the problem your program must solve.
A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the perspective of the viewer of the system.

40. What is information hiding and why is it considered a good software development practice.
This is the idea that program verification activities can be performed throughout the program's life cycle - not just by testing the program after it is coded.
A special function that can be used in top- down testing to stand in for a lower- level function.
The practice of only showing the information necessary for a user level and hiding the rest of the information. this makes programming in teams easier because you can see the big picture easier. Also - the programmer does not have to worry if the imp
Also called a class. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.

41. What is a test driver?
A program that sets up the testing environment by declaring and assigning initial values to variables - then calls the subprogram to be tested.
A detailed description of the function - inputs - processing - outputs - and special requirements of a software product; it provides the information needed to design and implement the program.
Turning over the tested program to the customer or user (or instructor!).
Recording how the program meets the requirements - from the 'big picture' overview to the detailed design.

42. What is a stub?
A special function that can be used in top- down testing to stand in for a lower- level function.
A notational tool that helps us determine our initial designs. CRC cards always contain information about the class name - responsibilities of the class and collaborations. CRC cards are great tools for refining an object- oriented design - especiall
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs
Turning over the tested program to the customer or user (or instructor!).

43. What is bottom- up stepwise refinement?
The approach in which the details come first. After the detailed components are identified and designed - they are brought together into increasingly higher- level components.
Specifying what the program must do (the functional requirements) and the constraints on the solution approach (non - functional requirements - such as what language to use).
The program meets the demands of time or space in memory.
The practice of hiding details of a function or data structure with the goal of controlling access to the details of a module or structure.

44. What is a walk- through?
The process of executing a program with data sets designed to discover errors.
The functional domain consists of the whole numbers from 0 to 100.
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator

45. What is implementation of the design?
Coding a program in a computer language.
Actually using the program.
These tools are text editors - compilers - assemblers - operating systems - and debugging programs. (p5)
[Input] All values from 1 to 100. [Expected Output] For input 0-59 => F. For input 60-69 => D. For input 70-79 => C. For input 80-89 => B. For input 90-100 => A.

46. Explain what we mean by 'ideaware'.
Re- execution of program tests after modifications have been made to ensure that the program still works correctly.
A shared body of knowledge.
A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the perspective of the viewer of the system.
Recording how the program meets the requirements - from the 'big picture' overview to the detailed design.

47. What is the relationship between the cost of error correction in software development and where/when errors are detected in terms of the software life cycle?
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.
Research has shown that the sooner you detect an error - the lest costly it will be to fix it. catching an error near the end of the software life cycle can be 100 times more costly that catching it at the beginning.
Testing based on measurable factors.
Defines the stepwise refinement approach to object- oriented design suggested by Grady Booch. First - the tangible items and events in the problem domain are identified and assigned to candidate classes and objects. Next - the external properties and

48. What is functional decomposition?
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis
Testing performed to integrate program modules that have already been independently unit tested.
A testing technique whereby the tester tries to execute all possible paths in a program or function.
Tracing an execution of a design or program on paper.

49. How can you verify the correctness of the software you develop?
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs
Turning over the tested program to the customer or user (or instructor!).
To 'do everything' specified to meet its requirements.
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.

50. What is the software process?
An object is an individual while a class is a description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors. Labrador dogs is an example of a class and Maggie is an example of an object.
A standard - integrated set of software engineering tools and techniques used on a project by an organization.
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget
Testing a program or function based on the possible input values - treating the code as a 'black box.'