Software Engineering Principles

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a test driver?
Defines the stepwise refinement approach to object- oriented design suggested by Grady Booch. First - the tangible items and events in the problem domain are identified and assigned to candidate classes and objects. Next - the external properties and
A program that sets up the testing environment by declaring and assigning initial values to variables - then calls the subprogram to be tested.
Also called a class. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.


2. Give a specific C++ language attribute that supports information hiding.

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3. What are the goals of quality software?
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget
The program meets the demands of time or space in memory.
Also called a class. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.
The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.


4. Differentiate between unit testing and integration testing.
A combination of branches that might be traversed when a program or function is executed.
Unit testing is the testing of a single unit of the program (for instance - a function). Integration testing is the testing of groups of already tested units to make sure that they interact correctly and that the whole program works according to its
Testing a program or function based on the possible input values - treating the code as a 'black box.'
A program that sets up the testing environment by declaring and assigning initial values to variables - then calls the subprogram to be tested.


5. Give examples of the relationship between the cost of error correction in software development and when/where errors are detected in terms of the software life cycle.
Also called robustness. The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
The process of removing known errors.
Used to specify - visualize - construct - and document the components of a software system. This is particularly well suited for modeling object- oriented designs. The diagrams represent another form of abstraction.
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator


6. What is implementation of the design?
[Input] All values from 1 to 100. [Expected Output] For input 0-59 => F. For input 60-69 => D. For input 70-79 => C. For input 80-89 => B. For input 90-100 => A.
Coding a program in a computer language.
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.
Two less than symbols [<<].


7. What are class - responsibility - and collaboration (CRC) cards?
Assertions that must be true on entry into an operation or function for the postconditions to be guaranteed.
A notational tool that helps us determine our initial designs. CRC cards always contain information about the class name - responsibilities of the class and collaborations. CRC cards are great tools for refining an object- oriented design - especiall
Coding a program in a computer language.
Also called robustness. The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.


8. What is debugging?
Actually using the program.
The process of removing known errors.
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs
Making changes to fix operational errors and to add or modify the function of the program.


9. What is round- trip gestalt design?
To 'do everything' specified to meet its requirements.
A testing technique whereby the tester tries to execute all possible paths in a program or function.
Defines the stepwise refinement approach to object- oriented design suggested by Grady Booch. First - the tangible items and events in the problem domain are identified and assigned to candidate classes and objects. Next - the external properties and
To take an object and move it from a general perspective to a precise level of detail. Variations of stepwise refinement include: top- down - bottom- up - functional decomposition - and even 'round- trip gestalt design.'


10. What are postconditions?
When you create your code - you break the problem into units called modules. Unit testing tests each individual module by itself. Later - you combine the working units together. Integration testing tests the group of units to see if they work togethe
Assertions that state what results are expected at the exit of an operation or function - assuming that the preconditions are true.
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.
A combination of branches that might be traversed when a program or function is executed.


11. What is a stub?
The functional domain consists of the whole numbers from 0 to 100.
Testing performed to integrate program modules that have already been independently unit tested.
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget
A special function that can be used in top- down testing to stand in for a lower- level function.


12. What is the difference between an object and an object class?
An object is an individual while a class is a description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors. Labrador dogs is an example of a class and Maggie is an example of an object.
The functional domain consists of the whole numbers from 0 to 100.
Also called white- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.
The set of valid input data for a program or function.


13. What is white- box testing?
Turning over the tested program to the customer or user (or instructor!).
Also called clear- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.
C++ classes promote information hiding. You can declare private functions and private variables that don't need to be accessable to use the class.
A logical proposition that can be true or false.


14. What is statement coverage?
To take an object and move it from a general perspective to a precise level of detail. Variations of stepwise refinement include: top- down - bottom- up - functional decomposition - and even 'round- trip gestalt design.'
A code segment that is not always executed; for example - a switch statement has as many branches as there are case labels.
A program that sets up the testing environment by declaring and assigning initial values to variables - then calls the subprogram to be tested.
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.


15. What does correct mean?

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16. What is the extraction operator?
An object is an individual while a class is a description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors. Labrador dogs is an example of a class and Maggie is an example of an object.
The program's inputs and outputs should be readable and understandable to users.
Two greater than symbols [>>].
Two less than symbols [<<].


17. Explain what we mean by 'ideaware'.
Abstraction
An unusual - generally unpredictable event - detectable by software or hardware - that requires special processing; the event may or may not be erroneous.
Coding a program in a computer language.
A shared body of knowledge.


18. What is maintenance?
To 'do everything' specified to meet its requirements.
Turning over the tested program to the customer or user (or instructor!).
Making changes to fix operational errors and to add or modify the function of the program.
A shared body of knowledge.


19. What is software engineering?
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.
Also called robustness. The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
The process of determining the degree to which software fulfills its intended purpose.
The discipline devoted to the design - production - and maintenance of computer programs that are developed on time and within cost estimates - using tools that help to manage the size and complexity of the resulting software products.


20. What are software requirements?
To take an object and move it from a general perspective to a precise level of detail. Variations of stepwise refinement include: top- down - bottom- up - functional decomposition - and even 'round- trip gestalt design.'
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.


21. What is operation?
Actually using the program.
The practice of hiding details of a function or data structure with the goal of controlling access to the details of a module or structure.
Also called an object. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis


22. What is metric- based testing?
When you create your code - you break the problem into units called modules. Unit testing tests each individual module by itself. Later - you combine the working units together. Integration testing tests the group of units to see if they work togethe
A structure of tasks with a main module and subsections.
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.
Testing based on measurable factors.


23. What is program verification?
An unusual - generally unpredictable event - detectable by software or hardware - that requires special processing; the event may or may not be erroneous.
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.
A detailed description of the function - inputs - processing - outputs - and special requirements of a software product; it provides the information needed to design and implement the program.
The process of removing known errors.


24. Name some software tools that you have used in developing computer programs.
These tools are text editors - compilers - assemblers - operating systems - and debugging programs. (p5)
The practice of hiding details of a function or data structure with the goal of controlling access to the details of a module or structure.
A testing technique whereby the tester tries to execute all possible paths in a program or function.
A verification method in which one member of a team reads the program or design line by line and the other members point out errors.


25. What is stepwise refinement?

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26. What is program validation?
A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the perspective of the viewer of the system.
A document showing the test cases planned for a program or module - their purposes - inputs - expected outputs - and criteria for success.
The process of determining the degree to which software fulfills its intended purpose.
Defines the stepwise refinement approach to object- oriented design suggested by Grady Booch. First - the tangible items and events in the problem domain are identified and assigned to candidate classes and objects. Next - the external properties and


27. What is top- down stepwise refinement?
Unit testing is the testing of a single unit of the program (for instance - a function). Integration testing is the testing of groups of already tested units to make sure that they interact correctly and that the whole program works according to its
Also called a class. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.
Reusing objects and processes to implement more complex objects and processes.


28. What is regression testing?
The process of testing the system in its real environment with real data.
Re- execution of program tests after modifications have been made to ensure that the program still works correctly.
Testing based on measurable factors.
Unit testing is the testing of a single unit of the program (for instance - a function). Integration testing is the testing of groups of already tested units to make sure that they interact correctly and that the whole program works according to its


29. What does complete mean?

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30. A program is to read in a numeric score (0 to 100) and display an appropriate letter grade (A - B - C - D - or F). Devise a test plan for this program.
[Input] All values from 1 to 100. [Expected Output] For input 0-59 => F. For input 60-69 => D. For input 70-79 => C. For input 80-89 => B. For input 90-100 => A.
The practice of hiding details of a function or data structure with the goal of controlling access to the details of a module or structure.
A property when changes within a module do not result in changes in the modules that use it.
Re- execution of program tests after modifications have been made to ensure that the program still works correctly.


31. What is an algorithm?
A formal definition of the problem your program must solve.
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator
A logical set of discrete steps that describes a complete solution to a given problem - computable in a finite amount of time.
Research has shown that the sooner you detect an error - the lest costly it will be to fix it. catching an error near the end of the software life cycle can be 100 times more costly that catching it at the beginning.


32. What is unit testing?
This is the idea that program verification activities can be performed throughout the program's life cycle - not just by testing the program after it is coded.
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis
Testing a module or function by itself.
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.


33. What is black- box testing?

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34. What is a walk- through?
A document showing the test cases planned for a program or module - their purposes - inputs - expected outputs - and criteria for success.
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.
The double colon operator (::).
Testing a program or function based on the possible input values - treating the code as a 'black box.'


35. What is abstraction?
Understanding the nature of the problem to be solved.
A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the perspective of the viewer of the system.
Also called robustness. The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
A formal definition of the problem your program must solve.


36. What is requirements specification?
The set of valid input data for a program or function.
Testing a module or function by itself.
A testing technique whereby the tester tries to execute all possible paths in a program or function.
Specifying what the program must do (the functional requirements) and the constraints on the solution approach (non - functional requirements - such as what language to use).


37. What is integration testing?
A testing technique whereby the tester tries to execute all possible paths in a program or function.
A detailed description of the function - inputs - processing - outputs - and special requirements of a software product; it provides the information needed to design and implement the program.
Testing performed to integrate program modules that have already been independently unit tested.
A verification method in which one member of a team reads the program or design line by line and the other members point out errors.


38. What is the relationship between the cost of error correction in software development and where/when errors are detected in terms of the software life cycle?
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.
A program that sets up the testing environment by declaring and assigning initial values to variables - then calls the subprogram to be tested.
Recording how the program meets the requirements - from the 'big picture' overview to the detailed design.
Research has shown that the sooner you detect an error - the lest costly it will be to fix it. catching an error near the end of the software life cycle can be 100 times more costly that catching it at the beginning.


39. What is problem analysis?
A property when changes within a module do not result in changes in the modules that use it.
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.
Understanding the nature of the problem to be solved.
The double colon operator (::).


40. What is loose coupling?
Abstraction
When you create your code - you break the problem into units called modules. Unit testing tests each individual module by itself. Later - you combine the working units together. Integration testing tests the group of units to see if they work togethe
A property when changes within a module do not result in changes in the modules that use it.
A logical proposition that can be true or false.


41. What is a branch?
A code segment that is not always executed; for example - a switch statement has as many branches as there are case labels.
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs
Making changes to fix operational errors and to add or modify the function of the program.
A combination of branches that might be traversed when a program or function is executed.


42. What does efficient mean?
A logical set of discrete steps that describes a complete solution to a given problem - computable in a finite amount of time.
The program meets the demands of time or space in memory.
The process of testing the system in its real environment with real data.
The process of determining the degree to which software fulfills its intended purpose.


43. What are requirements?
The program's inputs and outputs should be readable and understandable to users.
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.
A testing technique whereby the tester tries to execute all possible paths in a program or function.
The process of testing the system in its real environment with real data.


44. How can you verify the correctness of the software you develop?
Abstraction
Simple statements like do this - then do this - then do that.
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs


45. What is the scope resolution operator?
Detecting and fixing errors and demonstrating the correctness of the program.
Testing a program or function based on the possible input values - treating the code as a 'black box.'
The discipline devoted to the design - production - and maintenance of computer programs that are developed on time and within cost estimates - using tools that help to manage the size and complexity of the resulting software products.
The double colon operator (::).


46. What is information hiding?
Tracing an execution of a design or program on paper.
The process of executing a program with data sets designed to discover errors.
The practice of hiding details of a function or data structure with the goal of controlling access to the details of a module or structure.
Reusing objects and processes to implement more complex objects and processes.


47. What is fault tolerance?
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.
The discipline devoted to the design - production - and maintenance of computer programs that are developed on time and within cost estimates - using tools that help to manage the size and complexity of the resulting software products.
Testing performed to integrate program modules that have already been independently unit tested.
Also called robustness. The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.


48. What is an acceptance test?
Testing a program or function based on the possible input values - treating the code as a 'black box.'
The process of testing the system in its real environment with real data.
A document showing the test cases planned for a program or module - their purposes - inputs - expected outputs - and criteria for success.
Defines the stepwise refinement approach to object- oriented design suggested by Grady Booch. First - the tangible items and events in the problem domain are identified and assigned to candidate classes and objects. Next - the external properties and


49. What is implementing a test plan?
Tracing an execution of a design or program on paper.
A notational tool that helps us determine our initial designs. CRC cards always contain information about the class name - responsibilities of the class and collaborations. CRC cards are great tools for refining an object- oriented design - especiall
Running the program with the test cases listed in the test plan.
A combination of branches that might be traversed when a program or function is executed.


50. What is path testing?
When you create your code - you break the problem into units called modules. Unit testing tests each individual module by itself. Later - you combine the working units together. Integration testing tests the group of units to see if they work togethe
Used to specify - visualize - construct - and document the components of a software system. This is particularly well suited for modeling object- oriented designs. The diagrams represent another form of abstraction.
Unit testing is the testing of a single unit of the program (for instance - a function). Integration testing is the testing of groups of already tested units to make sure that they interact correctly and that the whole program works according to its
A testing technique whereby the tester tries to execute all possible paths in a program or function.