Software Engineering Principles

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is stepwise refinement?

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2. What is abstraction?
Assertions that state what results are expected at the exit of an operation or function - assuming that the preconditions are true.
A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the perspective of the viewer of the system.
Testing a module or function by itself.
Two less than symbols [<<].


3. What is bottom- up stepwise refinement?
Reusing objects and processes to implement more complex objects and processes.
The approach in which the details come first. After the detailed components are identified and designed - they are brought together into increasingly higher- level components.
A program that sets up the testing environment by declaring and assigning initial values to variables - then calls the subprogram to be tested.
C++ classes promote information hiding. You can declare private functions and private variables that don't need to be accessable to use the class.


4. What is operation?
Actually using the program.
These tools are text editors - compilers - assemblers - operating systems - and debugging programs. (p5)
This is the idea that program verification activities can be performed throughout the program's life cycle - not just by testing the program after it is coded.
A document showing the test cases planned for a program or module - their purposes - inputs - expected outputs - and criteria for success.


5. What is implementation of the design?
Coding a program in a computer language.
Determining exactly what the program must do.
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs
The double colon operator (::).


6. What is integration testing?
Testing a module or function by itself.
[Input] All values from 1 to 100. [Expected Output] For input 0-59 => F. For input 60-69 => D. For input 70-79 => C. For input 80-89 => B. For input 90-100 => A.
A notational tool that helps us determine our initial designs. CRC cards always contain information about the class name - responsibilities of the class and collaborations. CRC cards are great tools for refining an object- oriented design - especiall
Testing performed to integrate program modules that have already been independently unit tested.


7. What is testing?
Turning over the tested program to the customer or user (or instructor!).
Assertions that must be true on entry into an operation or function for the postconditions to be guaranteed.
Testing a module or function by itself.
The process of executing a program with data sets designed to discover errors.


8. What does efficient mean?
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.
The program meets the demands of time or space in memory.
Running the program with the test cases listed in the test plan.


9. What does usable mean?

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10. What is black- box testing?

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11. What is information hiding and why is it considered a good software development practice.
The practice of only showing the information necessary for a user level and hiding the rest of the information. this makes programming in teams easier because you can see the big picture easier. Also - the programmer does not have to worry if the imp
A detailed description of the function - inputs - processing - outputs - and special requirements of a software product; it provides the information needed to design and implement the program.
Defines the stepwise refinement approach to object- oriented design suggested by Grady Booch. First - the tangible items and events in the problem domain are identified and assigned to candidate classes and objects. Next - the external properties and
An object is an individual while a class is a description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors. Labrador dogs is an example of a class and Maggie is an example of an object.


12. What is a software specification?
A notational tool that helps us determine our initial designs. CRC cards always contain information about the class name - responsibilities of the class and collaborations. CRC cards are great tools for refining an object- oriented design - especiall
A detailed description of the function - inputs - processing - outputs - and special requirements of a software product; it provides the information needed to design and implement the program.
The process of testing the system in its real environment with real data.
To 'do it right' to meet its requirements.


13. What does correct mean?

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14. What is a detailed specification?
To 'do it right' to meet its requirements.
A formal definition of the problem your program must solve.
C++ classes promote information hiding. You can declare private functions and private variables that don't need to be accessable to use the class.
An unusual - generally unpredictable event - detectable by software or hardware - that requires special processing; the event may or may not be erroneous.


15. What is a walk- through?
The double colon operator (::).
The program meets the demands of time or space in memory.
An unusual - generally unpredictable event - detectable by software or hardware - that requires special processing; the event may or may not be erroneous.
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.


16. What does complete mean?

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17. What is requirements elicitation?
Determining exactly what the program must do.
Also called an object. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.
The double colon operator (::).
The practice of only showing the information necessary for a user level and hiding the rest of the information. this makes programming in teams easier because you can see the big picture easier. Also - the programmer does not have to worry if the imp


18. How can you verify the correctness of the software you develop?
A testing technique whereby the tester tries to execute all possible paths in a program or function.
Two less than symbols [<<].
Making changes to fix operational errors and to add or modify the function of the program.
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs


19. What is requirements specification?
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.
The process of determining the degree to which software fulfills its intended purpose.
Testing based on measurable factors.
Specifying what the program must do (the functional requirements) and the constraints on the solution approach (non - functional requirements - such as what language to use).


20. What is an acceptance test?
The process of testing the system in its real environment with real data.
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.
Assertions that must be true on entry into an operation or function for the postconditions to be guaranteed.
The set of valid input data for a program or function.


21. Differentiate between unit testing and integration testing.
[Input] All values from 1 to 100. [Expected Output] For input 0-59 => F. For input 60-69 => D. For input 70-79 => C. For input 80-89 => B. For input 90-100 => A.
Unit testing is the testing of a single unit of the program (for instance - a function). Integration testing is the testing of groups of already tested units to make sure that they interact correctly and that the whole program works according to its
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.
Recording how the program meets the requirements - from the 'big picture' overview to the detailed design.


22. What is an assertion?
The functional domain consists of the whole numbers from 0 to 100.
A logical proposition that can be true or false.
To 'do it right' to meet its requirements.
Running the program with the test cases listed in the test plan.


23. What is maintenance?
A detailed description of the function - inputs - processing - outputs - and special requirements of a software product; it provides the information needed to design and implement the program.
This is the idea that program verification activities can be performed throughout the program's life cycle - not just by testing the program after it is coded.
When you create your code - you break the problem into units called modules. Unit testing tests each individual module by itself. Later - you combine the working units together. Integration testing tests the group of units to see if they work togethe
Making changes to fix operational errors and to add or modify the function of the program.


24. What are the goals of quality software?
Tracing an execution of a design or program on paper.
Research has shown that the sooner you detect an error - the lest costly it will be to fix it. catching an error near the end of the software life cycle can be 100 times more costly that catching it at the beginning.
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget
The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.


25. What is a technique used by good problem solvers for dealing with complexity?
Abstraction
Coding a program in a computer language.
The process of determining the degree to which software fulfills its intended purpose.
The functional domain consists of the whole numbers from 0 to 100.


26. What is the functional domain?
Re- execution of program tests after modifications have been made to ensure that the program still works correctly.
A logical set of discrete steps that describes a complete solution to a given problem - computable in a finite amount of time.
The set of valid input data for a program or function.
To 'do it right' to meet its requirements.


27. What is a test plan?
Assertions that must be true on entry into an operation or function for the postconditions to be guaranteed.
A document showing the test cases planned for a program or module - their purposes - inputs - expected outputs - and criteria for success.
The practice of hiding details of a function or data structure with the goal of controlling access to the details of a module or structure.
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs


28. What is the extraction operator?
Tracing an execution of a design or program on paper.
Two greater than symbols [>>].
Simple statements like do this - then do this - then do that.
The set of valid input data for a program or function.


29. Name some software tools that you have used in developing computer programs.
Also called a class. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.
To 'do it right' to meet its requirements.
These tools are text editors - compilers - assemblers - operating systems - and debugging programs. (p5)
Reusing objects and processes to implement more complex objects and processes.


30. What is deskchecking?
Tracing an execution of a design or program on paper.
To 'do everything' specified to meet its requirements.
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis
A cohesive system subunit that performs a share of the work.


31. What is functional decomposition?
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis
An unusual - generally unpredictable event - detectable by software or hardware - that requires special processing; the event may or may not be erroneous.
A code segment that is not always executed; for example - a switch statement has as many branches as there are case labels.
Understanding the nature of the problem to be solved.


32. What is an algorithm?
A verification method in which one member of a team reads the program or design line by line and the other members point out errors.
Used to specify - visualize - construct - and document the components of a software system. This is particularly well suited for modeling object- oriented designs. The diagrams represent another form of abstraction.
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.
A logical set of discrete steps that describes a complete solution to a given problem - computable in a finite amount of time.


33. What is implementing a test plan?
Running the program with the test cases listed in the test plan.
A formal definition of the problem your program must solve.
The process of executing a program with data sets designed to discover errors.
Testing based on measurable factors.


34. What are class - responsibility - and collaboration (CRC) cards?
It is possible to carry out exhaustive data coverage for this program.
Tracing an execution of a design or program on paper.
A notational tool that helps us determine our initial designs. CRC cards always contain information about the class name - responsibilities of the class and collaborations. CRC cards are great tools for refining an object- oriented design - especiall
The discipline devoted to the design - production - and maintenance of computer programs that are developed on time and within cost estimates - using tools that help to manage the size and complexity of the resulting software products.


35. What are functional subproblems?
Two less than symbols [<<].
A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the perspective of the viewer of the system.
Also called white- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.
Simple statements like do this - then do this - then do that.


36. What is fault tolerance?
The process of determining the degree to which software fulfills its intended purpose.
The set of valid input data for a program or function.
The program's inputs and outputs should be readable and understandable to users.
Also called robustness. The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.


37. What is an object?
C++ classes promote information hiding. You can declare private functions and private variables that don't need to be accessable to use the class.
Also called a class. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.
To take an object and move it from a general perspective to a precise level of detail. Variations of stepwise refinement include: top- down - bottom- up - functional decomposition - and even 'round- trip gestalt design.'
Also called white- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.


38. What is the software process?
A standard - integrated set of software engineering tools and techniques used on a project by an organization.
A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the perspective of the viewer of the system.
The double colon operator (::).
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.


39. What is robustness?
These tools are text editors - compilers - assemblers - operating systems - and debugging programs. (p5)
To 'do it right' to meet its requirements.
Two greater than symbols [>>].
The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.


40. What is the scope resolution operator?
The functional domain consists of the whole numbers from 0 to 100.
Used to specify - visualize - construct - and document the components of a software system. This is particularly well suited for modeling object- oriented designs. The diagrams represent another form of abstraction.
The double colon operator (::).
Also called an object. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.


41. What is path testing?
A standard - integrated set of software engineering tools and techniques used on a project by an organization.
These tools are text editors - compilers - assemblers - operating systems - and debugging programs. (p5)
An object is an individual while a class is a description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors. Labrador dogs is an example of a class and Maggie is an example of an object.
A testing technique whereby the tester tries to execute all possible paths in a program or function.


42. A program is to read in a numeric score (0 to 100) and display an appropriate letter grade (A - B - C - D - or F). What is the functional domain of this program?
Recording how the program meets the requirements - from the 'big picture' overview to the detailed design.
A code segment that is not always executed; for example - a switch statement has as many branches as there are case labels.
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.
The functional domain consists of the whole numbers from 0 to 100.


43. What is loose coupling?
A shared body of knowledge.
A testing technique whereby the tester tries to execute all possible paths in a program or function.
A property when changes within a module do not result in changes in the modules that use it.
The process of executing a program with data sets designed to discover errors.


44. What is debugging?
The process of removing known errors.
A formal definition of the problem your program must solve.
The process of determining the degree to which software fulfills its intended purpose.
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator


45. What are requirements?
To take an object and move it from a general perspective to a precise level of detail. Variations of stepwise refinement include: top- down - bottom- up - functional decomposition - and even 'round- trip gestalt design.'
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.


46. What is a hierarchy of objects?
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.
To 'do everything' specified to meet its requirements.
Reusing objects and processes to implement more complex objects and processes.
The discipline devoted to the design - production - and maintenance of computer programs that are developed on time and within cost estimates - using tools that help to manage the size and complexity of the resulting software products.


47. What is a path?
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.
A combination of branches that might be traversed when a program or function is executed.
A cohesive system subunit that performs a share of the work.
Also called an object. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.


48. What are software requirements?
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.
The process of executing a program with data sets designed to discover errors.
An unusual - generally unpredictable event - detectable by software or hardware - that requires special processing; the event may or may not be erroneous.
A detailed description of the function - inputs - processing - outputs - and special requirements of a software product; it provides the information needed to design and implement the program.


49. What is high- and low- level design?

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50. What is round- trip gestalt design?
Defines the stepwise refinement approach to object- oriented design suggested by Grady Booch. First - the tangible items and events in the problem domain are identified and assigned to candidate classes and objects. Next - the external properties and
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget
A logical set of discrete steps that describes a complete solution to a given problem - computable in a finite amount of time.
Also called an object. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.