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Software Engineering Principles

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What is program validation?
A logical proposition that can be true or false.
The process of determining the degree to which software fulfills its intended purpose.
A testing technique whereby the tester tries to execute all possible paths in a program or function.
A shared body of knowledge.

2. What is the insertion operator?
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget
Also called robustness. The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
Turning over the tested program to the customer or user (or instructor!).
Two less than symbols [<<].

3. What are class - responsibility - and collaboration (CRC) cards?
An object is an individual while a class is a description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors. Labrador dogs is an example of a class and Maggie is an example of an object.
A notational tool that helps us determine our initial designs. CRC cards always contain information about the class name - responsibilities of the class and collaborations. CRC cards are great tools for refining an object- oriented design - especiall
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis
Recording how the program meets the requirements - from the 'big picture' overview to the detailed design.

4. What is the difference between an object and an object class?
Reusing objects and processes to implement more complex objects and processes.
Used to specify - visualize - construct - and document the components of a software system. This is particularly well suited for modeling object- oriented designs. The diagrams represent another form of abstraction.
An object is an individual while a class is a description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors. Labrador dogs is an example of a class and Maggie is an example of an object.
Running the program with the test cases listed in the test plan.

5. What is the extraction operator?
Testing a module or function by itself.
The set of valid input data for a program or function.
A logical set of discrete steps that describes a complete solution to a given problem - computable in a finite amount of time.
Two greater than symbols [>>].

6. What does efficient mean?
A logical proposition that can be true or false.
Unit testing is the testing of a single unit of the program (for instance - a function). Integration testing is the testing of groups of already tested units to make sure that they interact correctly and that the whole program works according to its
It is possible to carry out exhaustive data coverage for this program.
The program meets the demands of time or space in memory.

7. What is information hiding and why is it considered a good software development practice.
To 'do it right' to meet its requirements.
The practice of only showing the information necessary for a user level and hiding the rest of the information. this makes programming in teams easier because you can see the big picture easier. Also - the programmer does not have to worry if the imp
Specifying what the program must do (the functional requirements) and the constraints on the solution approach (non - functional requirements - such as what language to use).
Detecting and fixing errors and demonstrating the correctness of the program.

8. What is an assertion?
Two less than symbols [<<].
A logical proposition that can be true or false.
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.

9. What is problem analysis?
To take an object and move it from a general perspective to a precise level of detail. Variations of stepwise refinement include: top- down - bottom- up - functional decomposition - and even 'round- trip gestalt design.'
Understanding the nature of the problem to be solved.
[Input] All values from 1 to 100. [Expected Output] For input 0-59 => F. For input 60-69 => D. For input 70-79 => C. For input 80-89 => B. For input 90-100 => A.
Testing a module or function by itself.

10. What is inspection?
A verification method in which one member of a team reads the program or design line by line and the other members point out errors.
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget
A logical proposition that can be true or false.
An object is an individual while a class is a description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors. Labrador dogs is an example of a class and Maggie is an example of an object.

11. What is stepwise refinement?

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12. What is loose coupling?
Also called clear- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.
A property when changes within a module do not result in changes in the modules that use it.
A cohesive system subunit that performs a share of the work.
To take an object and move it from a general perspective to a precise level of detail. Variations of stepwise refinement include: top- down - bottom- up - functional decomposition - and even 'round- trip gestalt design.'

13. What is the unified modeling language (UML)?
Making changes to fix operational errors and to add or modify the function of the program.
The double colon operator (::).
Used to specify - visualize - construct - and document the components of a software system. This is particularly well suited for modeling object- oriented designs. The diagrams represent another form of abstraction.
A combination of branches that might be traversed when a program or function is executed.

14. What is fault tolerance?
Turning over the tested program to the customer or user (or instructor!).
Also called robustness. The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
It is possible to carry out exhaustive data coverage for this program.
Also called clear- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.

15. Give a specific C++ language attribute that supports information hiding.

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16. What is a software specification?
C++ classes promote information hiding. You can declare private functions and private variables that don't need to be accessable to use the class.
Specifying what the program must do (the functional requirements) and the constraints on the solution approach (non - functional requirements - such as what language to use).
A detailed description of the function - inputs - processing - outputs - and special requirements of a software product; it provides the information needed to design and implement the program.
Actually using the program.

17. What is a hierarchy of objects?
A code segment that is not always executed; for example - a switch statement has as many branches as there are case labels.
The set of valid input data for a program or function.
The discipline devoted to the design - production - and maintenance of computer programs that are developed on time and within cost estimates - using tools that help to manage the size and complexity of the resulting software products.
Reusing objects and processes to implement more complex objects and processes.

18. What is robustness?
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.
Determining exactly what the program must do.
The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
It is possible to carry out exhaustive data coverage for this program.

19. What is a path?
A special function that can be used in top- down testing to stand in for a lower- level function.
A combination of branches that might be traversed when a program or function is executed.
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.
A testing technique whereby the tester tries to execute all possible paths in a program or function.

20. Give examples of the relationship between the cost of error correction in software development and when/where errors are detected in terms of the software life cycle.
Running the program with the test cases listed in the test plan.
An unusual - generally unpredictable event - detectable by software or hardware - that requires special processing; the event may or may not be erroneous.
The practice of only showing the information necessary for a user level and hiding the rest of the information. this makes programming in teams easier because you can see the big picture easier. Also - the programmer does not have to worry if the imp
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator

21. What is round- trip gestalt design?
Two greater than symbols [>>].
Defines the stepwise refinement approach to object- oriented design suggested by Grady Booch. First - the tangible items and events in the problem domain are identified and assigned to candidate classes and objects. Next - the external properties and
Used to specify - visualize - construct - and document the components of a software system. This is particularly well suited for modeling object- oriented designs. The diagrams represent another form of abstraction.
A property when changes within a module do not result in changes in the modules that use it.

22. What is a hierarchy of tasks?
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.
A structure of tasks with a main module and subsections.
This is the idea that program verification activities can be performed throughout the program's life cycle - not just by testing the program after it is coded.
Used to specify - visualize - construct - and document the components of a software system. This is particularly well suited for modeling object- oriented designs. The diagrams represent another form of abstraction.

23. What is top- down stepwise refinement?
A formal definition of the problem your program must solve.
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.
A special function that can be used in top- down testing to stand in for a lower- level function.

24. What is a class?
Understanding the nature of the problem to be solved.
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.
A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the perspective of the viewer of the system.
Also called an object. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.

25. What is operation?
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.
Actually using the program.
Tracing an execution of a design or program on paper.
Assertions that state what results are expected at the exit of an operation or function - assuming that the preconditions are true.

26. What is program verification?
Abstraction
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.
A detailed description of the function - inputs - processing - outputs - and special requirements of a software product; it provides the information needed to design and implement the program.

27. What is abstraction?
Coding a program in a computer language.
A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the perspective of the viewer of the system.
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis
Research has shown that the sooner you detect an error - the lest costly it will be to fix it. catching an error near the end of the software life cycle can be 100 times more costly that catching it at the beginning.

28. What is a walk- through?
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis
The process of removing known errors.
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.
A verification method in which one member of a team reads the program or design line by line and the other members point out errors.

29. What does correct mean?

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30. What is unit testing?
The process of testing the system in its real environment with real data.
Also called a class. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.
Detecting and fixing errors and demonstrating the correctness of the program.
Testing a module or function by itself.

31. What are postconditions?
Tracing an execution of a design or program on paper.
Assertions that state what results are expected at the exit of an operation or function - assuming that the preconditions are true.
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.
A structure of tasks with a main module and subsections.

32. What is the scope resolution operator?
The double colon operator (::).
Turning over the tested program to the customer or user (or instructor!).
To 'do everything' specified to meet its requirements.
A verification method in which one member of a team reads the program or design line by line and the other members point out errors.

33. What is software engineering?
Recording how the program meets the requirements - from the 'big picture' overview to the detailed design.
Testing performed to integrate program modules that have already been independently unit tested.
Also called clear- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.
The discipline devoted to the design - production - and maintenance of computer programs that are developed on time and within cost estimates - using tools that help to manage the size and complexity of the resulting software products.

34. What is testing?
Used to specify - visualize - construct - and document the components of a software system. This is particularly well suited for modeling object- oriented designs. The diagrams represent another form of abstraction.
A cohesive system subunit that performs a share of the work.
The process of executing a program with data sets designed to discover errors.
[Input] All values from 1 to 100. [Expected Output] For input 0-59 => F. For input 60-69 => D. For input 70-79 => C. For input 80-89 => B. For input 90-100 => A.

35. What is functional decomposition?
The process of executing a program with data sets designed to discover errors.
The practice of hiding details of a function or data structure with the goal of controlling access to the details of a module or structure.
To take an object and move it from a general perspective to a precise level of detail. Variations of stepwise refinement include: top- down - bottom- up - functional decomposition - and even 'round- trip gestalt design.'
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis

36. What is metric- based testing?
Testing based on measurable factors.
The practice of hiding details of a function or data structure with the goal of controlling access to the details of a module or structure.
A shared body of knowledge.
To 'do everything' specified to meet its requirements.

37. The difference between unit testing and integration testing.
Assertions that must be true on entry into an operation or function for the postconditions to be guaranteed.
Two greater than symbols [>>].
When you create your code - you break the problem into units called modules. Unit testing tests each individual module by itself. Later - you combine the working units together. Integration testing tests the group of units to see if they work togethe
Also called a class. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.

38. What is the functional domain?
The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.
A code segment that is not always executed; for example - a switch statement has as many branches as there are case labels.
The set of valid input data for a program or function.

39. What is implementing a test plan?
The discipline devoted to the design - production - and maintenance of computer programs that are developed on time and within cost estimates - using tools that help to manage the size and complexity of the resulting software products.
Determining exactly what the program must do.
Running the program with the test cases listed in the test plan.
A logical set of discrete steps that describes a complete solution to a given problem - computable in a finite amount of time.

40. Differentiate between unit testing and integration testing.
Actually using the program.
A verification method in which one member of a team reads the program or design line by line and the other members point out errors.
Unit testing is the testing of a single unit of the program (for instance - a function). Integration testing is the testing of groups of already tested units to make sure that they interact correctly and that the whole program works according to its
To 'do everything' specified to meet its requirements.

41. What are requirements?
Simple statements like do this - then do this - then do that.
Unit testing is the testing of a single unit of the program (for instance - a function). Integration testing is the testing of groups of already tested units to make sure that they interact correctly and that the whole program works according to its
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.

42. What is statement coverage?
Detecting and fixing errors and demonstrating the correctness of the program.
Determining exactly what the program must do.
A property when changes within a module do not result in changes in the modules that use it.
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.

43. What is requirements elicitation?
The process of executing a program with data sets designed to discover errors.
Detecting and fixing errors and demonstrating the correctness of the program.
Testing performed to integrate program modules that have already been independently unit tested.
Determining exactly what the program must do.

44. What is regression testing?
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator
Re- execution of program tests after modifications have been made to ensure that the program still works correctly.
The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
The functional domain consists of the whole numbers from 0 to 100.

45. What is deskchecking?
These tools are text editors - compilers - assemblers - operating systems - and debugging programs. (p5)
A document showing the test cases planned for a program or module - their purposes - inputs - expected outputs - and criteria for success.
Tracing an execution of a design or program on paper.
The double colon operator (::).

46. How can you verify the correctness of the software you develop?
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.
[Input] All values from 1 to 100. [Expected Output] For input 0-59 => F. For input 60-69 => D. For input 70-79 => C. For input 80-89 => B. For input 90-100 => A.
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis

47. What are the goals of quality software?
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget
Recording how the program meets the requirements - from the 'big picture' overview to the detailed design.
Running the program with the test cases listed in the test plan.
The process of testing the system in its real environment with real data.

48. What is white- box testing?
Also called clear- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.
A combination of branches that might be traversed when a program or function is executed.
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.
Determining exactly what the program must do.

49. What is information hiding?
A cohesive system subunit that performs a share of the work.
Testing a program or function based on the possible input values - treating the code as a 'black box.'
Also called robustness. The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
The practice of hiding details of a function or data structure with the goal of controlling access to the details of a module or structure.

50. What is an acceptance test?
Testing based on measurable factors.
The functional domain consists of the whole numbers from 0 to 100.
An object is an individual while a class is a description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors. Labrador dogs is an example of a class and Maggie is an example of an object.
The process of testing the system in its real environment with real data.

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Software Engineering Principles

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