Software Engineering Principles

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is white- box testing?
When you create your code - you break the problem into units called modules. Unit testing tests each individual module by itself. Later - you combine the working units together. Integration testing tests the group of units to see if they work togethe
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.
Also called clear- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.
Simple statements like do this - then do this - then do that.


2. What is a module?
When you create your code - you break the problem into units called modules. Unit testing tests each individual module by itself. Later - you combine the working units together. Integration testing tests the group of units to see if they work togethe
A cohesive system subunit that performs a share of the work.
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis
Unit testing is the testing of a single unit of the program (for instance - a function). Integration testing is the testing of groups of already tested units to make sure that they interact correctly and that the whole program works according to its


3. What are the goals of quality software?
Abstraction
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.
A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the perspective of the viewer of the system.


4. Explain the phrase 'life- cycle verification.'

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5. What is inspection?
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.
A verification method in which one member of a team reads the program or design line by line and the other members point out errors.
Research has shown that the sooner you detect an error - the lest costly it will be to fix it. catching an error near the end of the software life cycle can be 100 times more costly that catching it at the beginning.
To 'do it right' to meet its requirements.


6. What is operation?
A property when changes within a module do not result in changes in the modules that use it.
Actually using the program.
[Input] All values from 1 to 100. [Expected Output] For input 0-59 => F. For input 60-69 => D. For input 70-79 => C. For input 80-89 => B. For input 90-100 => A.
A verification method in which one member of a team reads the program or design line by line and the other members point out errors.


7. What is a hierarchy of tasks?
When you create your code - you break the problem into units called modules. Unit testing tests each individual module by itself. Later - you combine the working units together. Integration testing tests the group of units to see if they work togethe
A verification method in which one member of a team reads the program or design line by line and the other members point out errors.
A structure of tasks with a main module and subsections.
A cohesive system subunit that performs a share of the work.


8. A program is to read in a numeric score (0 to 100) and display an appropriate letter grade (A - B - C - D - or F). What is the functional domain of this program?
It is possible to carry out exhaustive data coverage for this program.
The functional domain consists of the whole numbers from 0 to 100.
Two greater than symbols [>>].
Defines the stepwise refinement approach to object- oriented design suggested by Grady Booch. First - the tangible items and events in the problem domain are identified and assigned to candidate classes and objects. Next - the external properties and


9. A program is to read in a numeric score (0 to 100) and display an appropriate letter grade (A - B - C - D - or F). Devise a test plan for this program.
[Input] All values from 1 to 100. [Expected Output] For input 0-59 => F. For input 60-69 => D. For input 70-79 => C. For input 80-89 => B. For input 90-100 => A.
The set of valid input data for a program or function.
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.


10. What is implementation of the design?
Testing performed to integrate program modules that have already been independently unit tested.
Specifying what the program must do (the functional requirements) and the constraints on the solution approach (non - functional requirements - such as what language to use).
Making changes to fix operational errors and to add or modify the function of the program.
Coding a program in a computer language.


11. What does complete mean?

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12. What is deskchecking?
A standard - integrated set of software engineering tools and techniques used on a project by an organization.
Also called clear- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.
Defines the stepwise refinement approach to object- oriented design suggested by Grady Booch. First - the tangible items and events in the problem domain are identified and assigned to candidate classes and objects. Next - the external properties and
Tracing an execution of a design or program on paper.


13. Explain what we mean by 'ideaware'.
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget
The set of valid input data for a program or function.
C++ classes promote information hiding. You can declare private functions and private variables that don't need to be accessable to use the class.
A shared body of knowledge.


14. Differentiate between unit testing and integration testing.
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.
Unit testing is the testing of a single unit of the program (for instance - a function). Integration testing is the testing of groups of already tested units to make sure that they interact correctly and that the whole program works according to its
A logical proposition that can be true or false.
Turning over the tested program to the customer or user (or instructor!).


15. How can you verify the correctness of the software you develop?
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs
It is possible to carry out exhaustive data coverage for this program.
Assertions that must be true on entry into an operation or function for the postconditions to be guaranteed.
A standard - integrated set of software engineering tools and techniques used on a project by an organization.


16. What is an assertion?
A logical proposition that can be true or false.
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.
Testing performed to integrate program modules that have already been independently unit tested.
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.


17. What does usable mean?

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18. What is a class?
The set of valid input data for a program or function.
Running the program with the test cases listed in the test plan.
Determining exactly what the program must do.
Also called an object. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.


19. What is the software process?
A program that sets up the testing environment by declaring and assigning initial values to variables - then calls the subprogram to be tested.
Actually using the program.
A standard - integrated set of software engineering tools and techniques used on a project by an organization.
The program's inputs and outputs should be readable and understandable to users.


20. What is statement coverage?
Defines the stepwise refinement approach to object- oriented design suggested by Grady Booch. First - the tangible items and events in the problem domain are identified and assigned to candidate classes and objects. Next - the external properties and
A notational tool that helps us determine our initial designs. CRC cards always contain information about the class name - responsibilities of the class and collaborations. CRC cards are great tools for refining an object- oriented design - especiall
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.
Recording how the program meets the requirements - from the 'big picture' overview to the detailed design.


21. What is software engineering?
The discipline devoted to the design - production - and maintenance of computer programs that are developed on time and within cost estimates - using tools that help to manage the size and complexity of the resulting software products.
Running the program with the test cases listed in the test plan.
These tools are text editors - compilers - assemblers - operating systems - and debugging programs. (p5)
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.


22. What is implementing a test plan?
The process of determining the degree to which software fulfills its intended purpose.
Coding a program in a computer language.
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.
Running the program with the test cases listed in the test plan.


23. What are software requirements?
A standard - integrated set of software engineering tools and techniques used on a project by an organization.
Determining exactly what the program must do.
Also called clear- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.


24. What is requirements elicitation?
The process of removing known errors.
Research has shown that the sooner you detect an error - the lest costly it will be to fix it. catching an error near the end of the software life cycle can be 100 times more costly that catching it at the beginning.
Determining exactly what the program must do.
Also called a class. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.


25. What is maintenance?
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator
Assertions that state what results are expected at the exit of an operation or function - assuming that the preconditions are true.
The functional domain consists of the whole numbers from 0 to 100.
Making changes to fix operational errors and to add or modify the function of the program.


26. What is high- and low- level design?

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27. What is clear- box testing?
A logical proposition that can be true or false.
The process of determining the degree to which software fulfills its intended purpose.
Determining exactly what the program must do.
Also called white- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.


28. What is an algorithm?
[Input] All values from 1 to 100. [Expected Output] For input 0-59 => F. For input 60-69 => D. For input 70-79 => C. For input 80-89 => B. For input 90-100 => A.
Actually using the program.
Testing based on measurable factors.
A logical set of discrete steps that describes a complete solution to a given problem - computable in a finite amount of time.


29. The difference between unit testing and integration testing.
A verification method in which one member of a team reads the program or design line by line and the other members point out errors.
The double colon operator (::).
When you create your code - you break the problem into units called modules. Unit testing tests each individual module by itself. Later - you combine the working units together. Integration testing tests the group of units to see if they work togethe
A cohesive system subunit that performs a share of the work.


30. What is stepwise refinement?

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31. What is program validation?
The process of determining the degree to which software fulfills its intended purpose.
The approach in which the details come first. After the detailed components are identified and designed - they are brought together into increasingly higher- level components.
A structure of tasks with a main module and subsections.
Also called clear- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.


32. What is the functional domain?
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.
Used to specify - visualize - construct - and document the components of a software system. This is particularly well suited for modeling object- oriented designs. The diagrams represent another form of abstraction.
The set of valid input data for a program or function.
Unit testing is the testing of a single unit of the program (for instance - a function). Integration testing is the testing of groups of already tested units to make sure that they interact correctly and that the whole program works according to its


33. What is debugging?
An unusual - generally unpredictable event - detectable by software or hardware - that requires special processing; the event may or may not be erroneous.
Running the program with the test cases listed in the test plan.
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs
The process of removing known errors.


34. What is functional decomposition?
The set of valid input data for a program or function.
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis
Determining exactly what the program must do.
Actually using the program.


35. What is a path?
The approach in which the details come first. After the detailed components are identified and designed - they are brought together into increasingly higher- level components.
Turning over the tested program to the customer or user (or instructor!).
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.
A combination of branches that might be traversed when a program or function is executed.


36. What is integration testing?
The program meets the demands of time or space in memory.
Testing performed to integrate program modules that have already been independently unit tested.
To take an object and move it from a general perspective to a precise level of detail. Variations of stepwise refinement include: top- down - bottom- up - functional decomposition - and even 'round- trip gestalt design.'
The set of valid input data for a program or function.


37. What is a hierarchy of objects?
A formal definition of the problem your program must solve.
Reusing objects and processes to implement more complex objects and processes.
When you create your code - you break the problem into units called modules. Unit testing tests each individual module by itself. Later - you combine the working units together. Integration testing tests the group of units to see if they work togethe
The double colon operator (::).


38. What is fault tolerance?
Also called robustness. The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
Testing a module or function by itself.
Detecting and fixing errors and demonstrating the correctness of the program.
The program meets the demands of time or space in memory.


39. What are postconditions?
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.
C++ classes promote information hiding. You can declare private functions and private variables that don't need to be accessable to use the class.
A verification method in which one member of a team reads the program or design line by line and the other members point out errors.
Assertions that state what results are expected at the exit of an operation or function - assuming that the preconditions are true.


40. What is program verification?
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.
A document showing the test cases planned for a program or module - their purposes - inputs - expected outputs - and criteria for success.
[Input] All values from 1 to 100. [Expected Output] For input 0-59 => F. For input 60-69 => D. For input 70-79 => C. For input 80-89 => B. For input 90-100 => A.
Running the program with the test cases listed in the test plan.


41. What is requirements specification?
The process of testing the system in its real environment with real data.
An object is an individual while a class is a description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors. Labrador dogs is an example of a class and Maggie is an example of an object.
Specifying what the program must do (the functional requirements) and the constraints on the solution approach (non - functional requirements - such as what language to use).
A structure of tasks with a main module and subsections.


42. What is robustness?
The program meets the demands of time or space in memory.
Two less than symbols [<<].
The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
Two greater than symbols [>>].


43. What is black- box testing?

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44. What is a detailed specification?
The process of removing known errors.
A formal definition of the problem your program must solve.
The program meets the demands of time or space in memory.
A testing technique whereby the tester tries to execute all possible paths in a program or function.


45. What is a walk- through?
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.
A detailed description of the function - inputs - processing - outputs - and special requirements of a software product; it provides the information needed to design and implement the program.
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.
A code segment that is not always executed; for example - a switch statement has as many branches as there are case labels.


46. What is a test plan?
An unusual - generally unpredictable event - detectable by software or hardware - that requires special processing; the event may or may not be erroneous.
The program meets the demands of time or space in memory.
A document showing the test cases planned for a program or module - their purposes - inputs - expected outputs - and criteria for success.
A code segment that is not always executed; for example - a switch statement has as many branches as there are case labels.


47. What is information hiding?
The set of valid input data for a program or function.
It is possible to carry out exhaustive data coverage for this program.
The practice of hiding details of a function or data structure with the goal of controlling access to the details of a module or structure.
Also called an object. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.


48. What is testing?
Determining exactly what the program must do.
A formal definition of the problem your program must solve.
The process of executing a program with data sets designed to discover errors.
[Input] All values from 1 to 100. [Expected Output] For input 0-59 => F. For input 60-69 => D. For input 70-79 => C. For input 80-89 => B. For input 90-100 => A.


49. What are preconditions?
To take an object and move it from a general perspective to a precise level of detail. Variations of stepwise refinement include: top- down - bottom- up - functional decomposition - and even 'round- trip gestalt design.'
Assertions that must be true on entry into an operation or function for the postconditions to be guaranteed.
A property when changes within a module do not result in changes in the modules that use it.
Simple statements like do this - then do this - then do that.


50. What is the scope resolution operator?
A property when changes within a module do not result in changes in the modules that use it.
Research has shown that the sooner you detect an error - the lest costly it will be to fix it. catching an error near the end of the software life cycle can be 100 times more costly that catching it at the beginning.
The double colon operator (::).
Two less than symbols [<<].