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Software Engineering Principles

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Differentiate between unit testing and integration testing.
A shared body of knowledge.
A program that sets up the testing environment by declaring and assigning initial values to variables - then calls the subprogram to be tested.
Unit testing is the testing of a single unit of the program (for instance - a function). Integration testing is the testing of groups of already tested units to make sure that they interact correctly and that the whole program works according to its
Also called white- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.

2. What is metric- based testing?
Testing based on measurable factors.
Also called clear- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.
The double colon operator (::).
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis

3. What is abstraction?
Two greater than symbols [>>].
It is possible to carry out exhaustive data coverage for this program.
A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the perspective of the viewer of the system.
The process of executing a program with data sets designed to discover errors.

4. What is the software process?
C++ classes promote information hiding. You can declare private functions and private variables that don't need to be accessable to use the class.
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget
Specifying what the program must do (the functional requirements) and the constraints on the solution approach (non - functional requirements - such as what language to use).
A standard - integrated set of software engineering tools and techniques used on a project by an organization.

5. What is an algorithm?
A combination of branches that might be traversed when a program or function is executed.
A logical set of discrete steps that describes a complete solution to a given problem - computable in a finite amount of time.
A standard - integrated set of software engineering tools and techniques used on a project by an organization.
Determining exactly what the program must do.

6. What is top- down stepwise refinement?
The program's inputs and outputs should be readable and understandable to users.
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.
[Input] All values from 1 to 100. [Expected Output] For input 0-59 => F. For input 60-69 => D. For input 70-79 => C. For input 80-89 => B. For input 90-100 => A.
Turning over the tested program to the customer or user (or instructor!).

7. What is debugging?
The process of removing known errors.
Making changes to fix operational errors and to add or modify the function of the program.
Testing performed to integrate program modules that have already been independently unit tested.
Detecting and fixing errors and demonstrating the correctness of the program.

8. How can you verify the correctness of the software you develop?
The practice of hiding details of a function or data structure with the goal of controlling access to the details of a module or structure.
Also called a class. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.

9. Explain what we mean by 'ideaware'.
A shared body of knowledge.
The process of testing the system in its real environment with real data.
A notational tool that helps us determine our initial designs. CRC cards always contain information about the class name - responsibilities of the class and collaborations. CRC cards are great tools for refining an object- oriented design - especiall
Also called clear- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.

10. What is statement coverage?
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget
Abstraction
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.
A special function that can be used in top- down testing to stand in for a lower- level function.

11. What is information hiding and why is it considered a good software development practice.
The practice of only showing the information necessary for a user level and hiding the rest of the information. this makes programming in teams easier because you can see the big picture easier. Also - the programmer does not have to worry if the imp
Specifying what the program must do (the functional requirements) and the constraints on the solution approach (non - functional requirements - such as what language to use).
Two greater than symbols [>>].
A detailed description of the function - inputs - processing - outputs - and special requirements of a software product; it provides the information needed to design and implement the program.

12. What is a test plan?
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.
A cohesive system subunit that performs a share of the work.
Specifying what the program must do (the functional requirements) and the constraints on the solution approach (non - functional requirements - such as what language to use).
A document showing the test cases planned for a program or module - their purposes - inputs - expected outputs - and criteria for success.

13. What are requirements?
A logical set of discrete steps that describes a complete solution to a given problem - computable in a finite amount of time.
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.
A logical proposition that can be true or false.
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis

14. What is an exception?
An unusual - generally unpredictable event - detectable by software or hardware - that requires special processing; the event may or may not be erroneous.
Determining exactly what the program must do.
Defines the stepwise refinement approach to object- oriented design suggested by Grady Booch. First - the tangible items and events in the problem domain are identified and assigned to candidate classes and objects. Next - the external properties and
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.

15. What is round- trip gestalt design?
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator
Defines the stepwise refinement approach to object- oriented design suggested by Grady Booch. First - the tangible items and events in the problem domain are identified and assigned to candidate classes and objects. Next - the external properties and
These tools are text editors - compilers - assemblers - operating systems - and debugging programs. (p5)
Understanding the nature of the problem to be solved.

16. Give a specific C++ language attribute that supports information hiding.

17. What is robustness?
Recording how the program meets the requirements - from the 'big picture' overview to the detailed design.
A property when changes within a module do not result in changes in the modules that use it.
The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
A verification method in which one member of a team reads the program or design line by line and the other members point out errors.

18. What is maintenance?
Making changes to fix operational errors and to add or modify the function of the program.
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.
A standard - integrated set of software engineering tools and techniques used on a project by an organization.
The double colon operator (::).

19. What is bottom- up stepwise refinement?
A code segment that is not always executed; for example - a switch statement has as many branches as there are case labels.
An object is an individual while a class is a description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors. Labrador dogs is an example of a class and Maggie is an example of an object.
The approach in which the details come first. After the detailed components are identified and designed - they are brought together into increasingly higher- level components.
When every statement in the program is executed at least once.

20. A program is to read in a numeric score (0 to 100) and display an appropriate letter grade (A - B - C - D - or F). Is exhaustive data coverage possible for this program?
Testing a module or function by itself.
Making changes to fix operational errors and to add or modify the function of the program.
It is possible to carry out exhaustive data coverage for this program.
Two greater than symbols [>>].

21. What is program verification?
The program's inputs and outputs should be readable and understandable to users.
When you create your code - you break the problem into units called modules. Unit testing tests each individual module by itself. Later - you combine the working units together. Integration testing tests the group of units to see if they work togethe
The process of determining the degree to which a software product fulfills its specifications.
Also called a class. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.

22. What does correct mean?

23. What is a class?
Also called an object. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.
Two less than symbols [<<].
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis
A testing technique whereby the tester tries to execute all possible paths in a program or function.

24. What is the functional domain?
Also called a class. The description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors; a pattern for creating individual objects.
C++ classes promote information hiding. You can declare private functions and private variables that don't need to be accessable to use the class.
These tools are text editors - compilers - assemblers - operating systems - and debugging programs. (p5)
The set of valid input data for a program or function.

25. What is regression testing?
A special function that can be used in top- down testing to stand in for a lower- level function.
Re- execution of program tests after modifications have been made to ensure that the program still works correctly.
A program that sets up the testing environment by declaring and assigning initial values to variables - then calls the subprogram to be tested.
Specifying what the program must do (the functional requirements) and the constraints on the solution approach (non - functional requirements - such as what language to use).

26. What is requirements specification?
A property when changes within a module do not result in changes in the modules that use it.
Specifying what the program must do (the functional requirements) and the constraints on the solution approach (non - functional requirements - such as what language to use).
Used to specify - visualize - construct - and document the components of a software system. This is particularly well suited for modeling object- oriented designs. The diagrams represent another form of abstraction.
Actually using the program.

27. What is clear- box testing?
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.
Also called white- box testing. Testing a program or function based on covering all the statements - branches - or paths of code.
A detailed description of the function - inputs - processing - outputs - and special requirements of a software product; it provides the information needed to design and implement the program.
A program that sets up the testing environment by declaring and assigning initial values to variables - then calls the subprogram to be tested.

28. What is loose coupling?
A property when changes within a module do not result in changes in the modules that use it.
Defines the stepwise refinement approach to object- oriented design suggested by Grady Booch. First - the tangible items and events in the problem domain are identified and assigned to candidate classes and objects. Next - the external properties and
The process of executing a program with data sets designed to discover errors.
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget

29. What is a stub?
A special function that can be used in top- down testing to stand in for a lower- level function.
The practice of hiding details of a function or data structure with the goal of controlling access to the details of a module or structure.
Assertions that state what results are expected at the exit of an operation or function - assuming that the preconditions are true.
The process of executing a program with data sets designed to discover errors.

30. Give examples of the relationship between the cost of error correction in software development and when/where errors are detected in terms of the software life cycle.
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator
Tracing an execution of a design or program on paper.
A structure of tasks with a main module and subsections.

31. What is path testing?
The program's inputs and outputs should be readable and understandable to users.
A testing technique whereby the tester tries to execute all possible paths in a program or function.
The approach in which the details come first. After the detailed components are identified and designed - they are brought together into increasingly higher- level components.
The approach in which the problem is first broken down into several large parts. Each of these parts is - in turn - divided into sections - the sections are subdivided - and so on. Details are deferred as long as possible.

32. What is a detailed specification?
A combination of branches that might be traversed when a program or function is executed.
A notational tool that helps us determine our initial designs. CRC cards always contain information about the class name - responsibilities of the class and collaborations. CRC cards are great tools for refining an object- oriented design - especiall
This program design approach encourages programming in logical action units - called functions. The main module of the design becomes the main program (also called the main function) - and subsections develop into functions. This is top- down stepwis
A formal definition of the problem your program must solve.

33. What is program validation?
The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
Two greater than symbols [>>].
These tools are text editors - compilers - assemblers - operating systems - and debugging programs. (p5)
The process of determining the degree to which software fulfills its intended purpose.

34. What is stepwise refinement?

35. What is the insertion operator?
Re- execution of program tests after modifications have been made to ensure that the program still works correctly.
It is possible to carry out exhaustive data coverage for this program.
Assertions that state what results are expected at the exit of an operation or function - assuming that the preconditions are true.
Two less than symbols [<<].

36. What is inspection?
Testing a program or function based on the possible input values - treating the code as a 'black box.'
Unit testing is the testing of a single unit of the program (for instance - a function). Integration testing is the testing of groups of already tested units to make sure that they interact correctly and that the whole program works according to its
A verification method in which one member of a team reads the program or design line by line and the other members point out errors.
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.

37. What is software engineering?
A structure of tasks with a main module and subsections.
The discipline devoted to the design - production - and maintenance of computer programs that are developed on time and within cost estimates - using tools that help to manage the size and complexity of the resulting software products.
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator

38. What are preconditions?
Turning over the tested program to the customer or user (or instructor!).
A structure of tasks with a main module and subsections.
A cohesive system subunit that performs a share of the work.
Assertions that must be true on entry into an operation or function for the postconditions to be guaranteed.

39. What is fault tolerance?
C++ classes promote information hiding. You can declare private functions and private variables that don't need to be accessable to use the class.
Detecting and fixing errors and demonstrating the correctness of the program.
Also called robustness. The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
A logical set of discrete steps that describes a complete solution to a given problem - computable in a finite amount of time.

40. What is deskchecking?
A cohesive system subunit that performs a share of the work.
Tracing an execution of a design or program on paper.
The process of testing the system in its real environment with real data.
A standard - integrated set of software engineering tools and techniques used on a project by an organization.

41. A program is to read in a numeric score (0 to 100) and display an appropriate letter grade (A - B - C - D - or F). What is the functional domain of this program?
The double colon operator (::).
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs
The functional domain consists of the whole numbers from 0 to 100.
A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the perspective of the viewer of the system.

42. What is a test driver?
A program that sets up the testing environment by declaring and assigning initial values to variables - then calls the subprogram to be tested.
A logical set of discrete steps that describes a complete solution to a given problem - computable in a finite amount of time.
The process of executing a program with data sets designed to discover errors.
These tools are text editors - compilers - assemblers - operating systems - and debugging programs. (p5)

43. What are software requirements?
You can test the software to see if the correct outcome occurs
A statement of what is to be provided by a computer system or software product.
A verification method in which a team performs a manual simulation of the program or design.
Understanding the nature of the problem to be solved.

44. What is the scope resolution operator?
A combination of branches that might be traversed when a program or function is executed.
The double colon operator (::).
(1) Wasted programmer/planning hours (2) Wasted dollars (salaries - etc) (3) More difficult for a new programmer to fix - not the creator
(1) It works (2) It can be modified without excessive time and effort (3) It is reusable (4) It is completed on time and within budget

45. What is the unified modeling language (UML)?
The double colon operator (::).
Determining exactly what the program must do.
Used to specify - visualize - construct - and document the components of a software system. This is particularly well suited for modeling object- oriented designs. The diagrams represent another form of abstraction.
A combination of branches that might be traversed when a program or function is executed.

46. What are functional subproblems?
Specifying what the program must do (the functional requirements) and the constraints on the solution approach (non - functional requirements - such as what language to use).
Two less than symbols [<<].
C++ classes promote information hiding. You can declare private functions and private variables that don't need to be accessable to use the class.
Simple statements like do this - then do this - then do that.

47. What is a hierarchy of tasks?
The process of removing known errors.
The practice of hiding details of a function or data structure with the goal of controlling access to the details of a module or structure.
A structure of tasks with a main module and subsections.
A shared body of knowledge.

48. What is the extraction operator?
Two greater than symbols [>>].
The program meets the demands of time or space in memory.
The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
Assertions that state what results are expected at the exit of an operation or function - assuming that the preconditions are true.

49. What is a technique used by good problem solvers for dealing with complexity?
The ability of a program to recover following an error; the ability of a program to continue to operate within its environment.
Abstraction
A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the perspective of the viewer of the system.
A verification method in which one member of a team reads the program or design line by line and the other members point out errors.

50. What is a path?
Two less than symbols [<<].
A code segment that is not always executed; for example - a switch statement has as many branches as there are case labels.
An object is an individual while a class is a description of a group of objects with similar properties and behaviors. Labrador dogs is an example of a class and Maggie is an example of an object.
A combination of branches that might be traversed when a program or function is executed.