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Test your basic knowledge |
Supply And Logistics
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Amount paid to suppliers for products that are purchased
Techniques used to manage inventory
the financial impact of inventory
time series and analysis methods
product cost
2. 1) Sales volume up 2) Risk of obsolescence or having to make discounts down 3) Holding expenses down 4) Asset investment down 5) Asset productivity up
planning horizon
Advantages of high inventory turnover
dependent demand inventory systems
fixed order quantity (FOQ)
3. A planning system used to ensure the right quantities of materials are available when needed
materials requirements planning (MRP)
single period inventory model
forecast accuracy
Techniques used to manage inventory
4. The amount that is planned to arrive at the beginning of a period
chase strategy (aggregate production strategy)
planned order receipt
order cost
rules of forecasting
5. 1) Extra resources expand and contract capacity to meet varying demand 2) Backlogging of certain orders to smooth out demand fluctuations 3) Customer dissatisfaction with inability to meet all demands 4) Buffering the system with safety stocks - saf
Managerial approaches to reducing inventory costs
forecast accuracy
nervousness
inefficiencies caused by unpredictably fluctuating customer demand
6. Forecasting model that computes a forecast ast he average of demands over a number of immediate past periods
moving average (time-series - statistical)
simulation models
total system inventory
production order quantity
7. Model used to determine the order size for a one-time purchase
regression analysis
single period inventory model
cycle stock
infinite loading
8. Unit selling price - unit cost
the financial impact of inventory
steps to determine order quantity when quantity discounts are available
cost of a unit stockout
inventory
9. Item ID system for finished goods sold to consumers (e.g. UPC. 12 or 14 digits)
Outputs of materials requirements planning (MRP)
Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)
options to accomplish the objective of a chase plan
Techniques used to manage inventory
10. 1) Stockout risk up 2) COGS up because of inability to purchase or produce in quantity 3) Purchasing - ordering & receiving time - effort and cost up
Wastes produced throughout the five product life cycle stages
collaborative planning - forecasting and replenishment (CPFR)
Disadvantages when inventory turnover is too high
Three components of resource requirements planning
11. 1) Rapid technological change 2) Increasing importance of sustainability 3) Growing roles of national and corporate cultures
net requriements
important trends influencing operations management and the emergence of business models
Three components of resource requirements planning
nervousness
12. A period of time when an unknown amount of inventory is on hand
demand management
product cost
difference between order & setup costs
uncertainty period
13. Forecasting technique that bases forecastis on the purchasing patterns and attitutdes of current or potential customers
historical analogy (judgement-based)
marketing research (judgement-based)
infinite loading
quantitative ABC analysis procedure
14. 1) Determine each item's annual useage/sales (in units and/or value) 2) Determine % of total useage/sales by each item 3) Rank items from highest to lowest percentage 4) Classify the items into ABC categories
quantitative ABC analysis procedure
stockout
saw-tooth diagram
Moore's law
15. Items bought from suppliers to use in the production of a product
inefficiencies caused by unpredictably fluctuating customer demand
inventory status file
raw materials and components parts
demand planning
16. Comparison of production needs to actual capacity
causal models vs. simulation models
seasonality and cycles
lot-for-lot (L4L)
load profile
17. items that are ready for sale to customers
shift or step change
finished goods inventory
marketing research (judgement-based)
inventory turnover
18. Order costs are associated with replenishing inventories - while setup costs are associated with producing inventory internally. Both are often considered "fixed" regardless of batch size - although this is not strictly true.
work in process inventory
master production schedule (MPS)
demand management
difference between order & setup costs
19. Forecasting model model that assigns a different weight to each period's demand according to its importance
naive model (time-series - statistical)
weighted moving average (time-series - statistical)
autocorrelation
demand management tactics
20. 1) Short-term forecasts are usually more accurate than long-term forecasts 2) Forecasts of aggregated demand are usually more accurate than forecasts of demand at detailed levels 3) Forecasts developed using multiple information sources are usually
rules of forecasting
distribution requirements planning (DRP)
lot-for-lot (L4L)
focused forecasting
21. Quantities of each finished product to be completed for each period
master production schedule (MPS)
carrying (holding cost)
service level
naive model (time-series - statistical)
22. Combination of the choice of which customer segment the firm will target with a specific value proposition and the supply chain capabilities used to deliver it
autocorrelation
business model
order cost
demand management
23. Built upon estimates and opinions of people - e.g. experts. Attempt to incorporate factors of demand that are difficult to capture in a purely statistical model.
judgement-based forecasting
inventory
vendor-managed inventory (VIM)
nervousness
24. Unit cost + disposal cost - salvage value
forecast error
inventory turnover
MRO inventory
Cost of being overstocked by one unit
25. Sophisticated mathematical programs that offer forecasters the ability to evaluate different business scenarios that might yield different demand outcomes
order cost
mean absolute deviation / mean absolute error
regression analysis
simulation models
26. A strategy that includes some elements of level production and some elements of chase production strategies
demand planning
mixed or hybrid strategy
demand forecasting
Delphi method (judgement-based)
27. The most economic quantity to order when units become available at the rate at which they are produced (i.e. with partial order deliveries)
service level policy
available to promise
level production strategy (aggregate production strategy)
production order quantity
28. Inventory is both an asset and a cost that impacts profitability. Inventory represents ~30% of a company's assets - and it must be purchased with debt or investment. Keeping inventory low keeps investment/debt low and keeps cash free to be used of o
days of supply
Moore's law
collaborative planning - forecasting and replenishment (CPFR)
the financial impact of inventory
29. 1) Market planning: intro of new products - store openings/closings - promotions - inventory policies - etc. 2) Demand and resource planning: customer demand & shipping requirements are forecasted 3) Execution: orders are placed - delivered - r
collaborative activities in CPFR
continuous review model
load profile
judgement-based forecasting
30. 1) Produce all units internally by hiring workers in high-demand monts and firing/laying off workers in low-demand months 2) Produce internally the quantity required to meet demand in the lowest-demand month and use overtime production to meet demand
rought-cut capacity planning
stable pattern
Moore's law
options to accomplish the objective of a chase plan
31. Cost incurred when inventory is not available to meet demand - cost of lost current and future sales
mixed or hybrid strategy
postponable product
stockout (shortage) cost
executive judgment (judgement-based)
32. A method by which supply chain partners periodicaly hsare forecasts - demand palns - and resource plans in order to reduce uncertainty and risk in meeting customer demand
collaborative planning - forecasting and replenishment (CPFR)
Delphi method (judgement-based)
cycle stock
types of costs that must be identified and quantified in aggregate planning
33. Average size of forecast errors - irrespective of their directions.
the financial impact of inventory
the expense components of carrying cost
mean absolute deviation / mean absolute error
business model
34. 1) Identify the price breaks on offer 2) Calculate the EOQ at each price break - starting with the lowest 3) Evaluate the feasibility of each EOQ value 4) Calculate the TAC for each feasible EOQ and for the minimum quantity required to attain each p
Impact of lot size restrictions on quantity discounts
steps to determine order quantity when quantity discounts are available
net requriements
life cycle waste assessment matrix (LCWAM)
35. The ranking of all items of inventory acording to importance
demand forecasting
Moore's law
forecast error
ABC analysis
36. Specifies the production rates - inventory - employment levels - backlogs - possible subcontracting - and other resources needed to meet the sales plan
aggregate production plan
Wastes produced throughout the five product life cycle stages
Hard benefits of S&OP
weighted moving average (time-series - statistical)
37. A one-time change in demand - susually due to some external influence on demand
autocorrelation
judgement-based forecasting
basic questions to answer when planning inventories
shift or step change
38. An illustration of the pattern of ordering and inventory levels
saw-tooth diagram
economic order quantity (EOQ)
measures of inventory performance
Cost of being overstocked by one unit
39. Process to develop tactical plans by integrating customer-focused marketing plans for new and existing products with the operational management of the supply chain
gross requirements
Pareto's law
sales and operations planning (S&OP)
planning horizon
40. Forecasting techniques that use input from high-level experienced managers
naive model (time-series - statistical)
business model
executive judgment (judgement-based)
single period inventory model
41. Production processes halted
rolling planning horizons
Moore's law
fixed order quantity (FOQ)
impact of raw material and compontent part stockouts
42. 1) Identify users and decision-making processes that the forecast will support. Consider time horizon - level of detail - accuracy vs. cost - fit with existing business processes 2) Identify likely sources of good data 3) Select forecasting techni
Advantages of high inventory turnover
work in process inventory
order cost
Steps of designing a forecasting process
43. inventory that is in the production process
work in process inventory
continuous review model
dependent demand inventory systems
mixed or hybrid strategy
44. Process that adjusts prices as demand for a service occurs (or does not occur)
raw materials and components parts
fixed order quantity (FOQ)
yield management
distribution requirements planning (DRP)
45. Forecasting models that compute forecasts using historical data arranged in the order of occurrence
ABC analysis
carrying (holding cost)
time series and analysis methods
days of supply
46. Expenses incurred due to the fact that inventory is held
carrying (holding cost)
rules of forecasting
distribution requirements planning (DRP)
aggregate production plan
47. An order for the exact amount needed
lot-for-lot (L4L)
historical analogy (judgement-based)
options to accomplish the objective of a chase plan
cycle stock
48. An order for the same amount each time
weighted moving average (time-series - statistical)
fixed order quantity (FOQ)
Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)
autocorrelation
49. The entire time period covered by the MPS
inventory turnover
smoothing coefficient
seasonality and cycles
planning horizon
50. Lot size is the "batch size" of an order - e.g. you must order in increments of fifty - you should order the increment with the lowest TAC.
gross requirements
Impact of lot size restrictions on quantity discounts
buffer (safety) stock
service level