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Test your basic knowledge |
Supply And Logistics
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Small disturbance generated by a customer produces sucessively larger disturbances at each upstream stage in the supply chain
business model
bullwhip effect
weighted moving average (time-series - statistical)
steps to determine order quantity when quantity discounts are available
2. Forecasting model model that assigns a different weight to each period's demand according to its importance
dependent demand
reorder point (ROP)
Delphi method (judgement-based)
weighted moving average (time-series - statistical)
3. Specifies the production rates - inventory - employment levels - backlogs - possible subcontracting - and other resources needed to meet the sales plan
capacity requirements planning (CRP)
aggregate production plan
bullwhip effect
independent demand inventory systems
4. Unit selling price - unit cost
cost of a unit stockout
cycle stock
periodic order quantity (POQ)
Three components of resource requirements planning
5. An order for the exact amount needed
lot-for-lot (L4L)
economic order quantity (EOQ)
buffer (safety) stock
assumptions underlying the EOQ formulation
6. A period of time when an unknown amount of inventory is on hand
Disadvantages when inventory turnover is too high
forecast error
uncertainty period
dependent demand
7. 1) Determine each item's annual useage/sales (in units and/or value) 2) Determine % of total useage/sales by each item 3) Rank items from highest to lowest percentage 4) Classify the items into ABC categories
order interval
inefficiencies caused by unpredictably fluctuating customer demand
quantitative ABC analysis procedure
uncertainty period
8. The sum of the inventory held across all of the locations in a company
total system inventory
materials requirements planning (MRP)
marketing research (judgement-based)
finished goods inventory
9. Primary reports (schedules of the planned order releases that are used to trigger purchases and production of items on time) - and secondary reports (cost - inventory and schedule attainment information that helps judge how well the operation is pe
difference between order & setup costs
master production schedule (MPS)
infinite loading
Outputs of materials requirements planning (MRP)
10. Extra inventory held to guard against uncertainty in demand or supply
cycle stock
buffer (safety) stock
demand during lead time
forecast bias / mean forecast error
11. Production processes halted
stable pattern
collaborative planning - forecasting and replenishment (CPFR)
finished goods inventory
impact of raw material and compontent part stockouts
12. Proactive approach in which managers attempt to influence either the pattern or consistency of demand
forecast error
raw materials and components parts
rules of forecasting
demand management
13. The determination of how many additional units are needed
requirements explosion
bill of materials (BOM)
gross requirements
lot-for-lot (L4L)
14. A parameter indicating the weight given to the most recent demand
planning horizon
demand management tactics
nervousness
smoothing coefficient
15. Management systems used when the demand for an item is derived from the demand for some other item
quantitative ABC analysis procedure
dependent demand inventory systems
dependent demand
periodic review model
16. Computing power will double every 18 months while computing cost will decrease by half
17. Combined process of forecasting and managing customer demands to create a planned pattern of demand that meets the firm's operations and financial goals (includes demand forecasting and management)
demand planning
stable pattern
lot-for-lot (L4L)
bill of materials (BOM)
18. 1) Identify users and decision-making processes that the forecast will support. Consider time horizon - level of detail - accuracy vs. cost - fit with existing business processes 2) Identify likely sources of good data 3) Select forecasting techni
Disadvantages when inventory turnover is too high
Steps of designing a forecasting process
seasonality and cycles
sales and operations planning (S&OP)
19. Forecasting model that computes a forecast ast he average of demands over a number of immediate past periods
inventory status file
moving average (time-series - statistical)
collaborative activities in CPFR
independet demand
20. Vendor is responsible for managing the inventory located at a customer's facility
quantitative ABC analysis procedure
two-bin system
the roles of inventory
vendor-managed inventory (VIM)
21. Demand that is created by customers
independet demand
demand management
causal models vs. simulation models
gross requirements
22. inventory classification - info systems - accurate records
days of supply
square root rule
Techniques used to manage inventory
dependent demand inventory systems
23. The probability of meeting all demand for an item = cost of a unit stockout / (cost of a unit stockout + cost of being overstocked by one unit)
demand management
target service level (TSL)
naive model (time-series - statistical)
difference between order & setup costs
24. 1) item number 2) item description 3) Lead time to order and receive the item from a supplier or to produce it internally 4) Preferred order quantity (lot size) 5) Safety stock quantity 6) Other info (cost/process descriptions) 7) Quantity on hand 8)
days of supply
items included in the inventory record
inefficiencies caused by unpredictably fluctuating customer demand
nervousness
25. Built upon estimates and opinions of people - e.g. experts. Attempt to incorporate factors of demand that are difficult to capture in a purely statistical model.
inventory status file
inefficiencies caused by unpredictably fluctuating customer demand
postponable product
judgement-based forecasting
26. Process that adjusts prices as demand for a service occurs (or does not occur)
mixed or hybrid strategy
simulation models
yield management
Managerial approaches to reducing inventory costs
27. The general sloping tendency of demand - wither upward or downward - in a linear or nonlinear fashion
demand forecasting
time series and analysis methods
trend
bill of materials (BOM)
28. A fixed time period that passes between inventory reviews
basic questions to answer when planning inventories
order interval
Delphi method (judgement-based)
Managerial approaches to reducing inventory costs
29. Inventory is both an asset and a cost that impacts profitability. Inventory represents ~30% of a company's assets - and it must be purchased with debt or investment. Keeping inventory low keeps investment/debt low and keeps cash free to be used of o
the financial impact of inventory
exponential smoothing (time-series - statistical)
order interval
enterprise resource planning (ERP) system
30. 1) Market planning: intro of new products - store openings/closings - promotions - inventory policies - etc. 2) Demand and resource planning: customer demand & shipping requirements are forecasted 3) Execution: orders are placed - delivered - r
Wastes produced throughout the five product life cycle stages
saw-tooth diagram
mixed or hybrid strategy
collaborative activities in CPFR
31. 1) Short-term forecasts are usually more accurate than long-term forecasts 2) Forecasts of aggregated demand are usually more accurate than forecasts of demand at detailed levels 3) Forecasts developed using multiple information sources are usually
autocorrelation
mixed or hybrid strategy
difference between order & setup costs
rules of forecasting
32. 1) Extra resources expand and contract capacity to meet varying demand 2) Backlogging of certain orders to smooth out demand fluctuations 3) Customer dissatisfaction with inability to meet all demands 4) Buffering the system with safety stocks - saf
the expense components of carrying cost
Advantages of high inventory turnover
inefficiencies caused by unpredictably fluctuating customer demand
net requriements
33. 1) MRP (Materials Requirements Planning) 2) DRP (Distribution Requirements Planning) 3) CRP (Capacity Requirements Planning)
Hard benefits of S&OP
Three components of resource requirements planning
forecast bias / mean forecast error
cycle stock
34. 1) Stockout risk up 2) COGS up because of inability to purchase or produce in quantity 3) Purchasing - ordering & receiving time - effort and cost up
Disadvantages when inventory turnover is too high
assumptions underlying the EOQ formulation
inventory turnover
economic order quantity (EOQ)
35. A product designed so that it can be configured to its final form quickly and inexpensively once actual customer demand is known
demand planning
postponable product
target service level (TSL)
setup cost
36. The firm produces at a constant rate over the year
measures of inventory performance
simulation models
level production strategy (aggregate production strategy)
dependent demand
37. Unit cost + disposal cost - salvage value
demand during lead time
shift or step change
Cost of being overstocked by one unit
materials requirements planning (MRP)
38. File that contains detailed inventory and procurement records
Three components of resource requirements planning
inventory status file
Advantages of high inventory turnover
materials requirements planning (MRP)
39. Minimum level of inventory that triggers the need to order more
total acquisition cost (TAC)
vendor-managed inventory (VIM)
work in process inventory
reorder point (ROP)
40. Maintenance - repair and operating supplies
nervousness
demand management
uncertainty period
MRO inventory
41. An order for an amount that covers a fixed period of time
economic order quantity (EOQ)
part number
regression analysis
periodic order quantity (POQ)
42. Forecasting technique that bases forecastis on the purchasing patterns and attitutdes of current or potential customers
focused forecasting
ways to improve demand planning
total system inventory
marketing research (judgement-based)
43. Ratio between average inventory and the level of sales: = COGS/Average inventory@cost = Net sales/Average inventory@sales price = Unit sales/Average inventory in units
difference between order & setup costs
judgement-based forecasting
inventory turnover
vendor-managed inventory (VIM)
44. items in transit from ont location to another
transit inventory
capacity requirements planning (CRP)
demand management tactics
lot-for-lot (L4L)
45. The amount that is planned to arrive at the beginning of a period
materials requirements planning (MRP)
reorder point (ROP)
planned order receipt
Hard benefits of S&OP
46. The assumption that there is an infinite amount of capacity available
order interval
infinite loading
days of supply
independent demand inventory systems
47. 1) Rapid technological change 2) Increasing importance of sustainability 3) Growing roles of national and corporate cultures
total acquisition cost (TAC)
finished goods inventory
important trends influencing operations management and the emergence of business models
production order quantity
48. The minimum amount needed in the period
economic order quantity (EOQ)
collaborative planning - forecasting and replenishment (CPFR)
net requriements
sales and operations planning (S&OP)
49. 1) Improved forecast accuracy 2) Higher customer service with lower finished goods inventory levels due to better forecasts and coordination fo supply with demand 3) More stable supply rates -> Higher productivity for purchasing - suppliers and oper
collaborative activities in CPFR
Disadvantages when inventory turnover is too high
Techniques used to manage inventory
Hard benefits of S&OP
50. inventory management systems used when the demand for an item is beyond the control of the organization
planned order receipt
autocorrelation
steps to determine order quantity when quantity discounts are available
independent demand inventory systems