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Transportation Logistics

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. _______ mode would be ideal for moving dry bulk - grains - petroleum - and certain manufactured products not prone to damage during transit
Water
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.
Yes

2. What is the primary railroad cargo out of Arkansas by tonnage?
Water
After World War 2
Crushed stone - gravel and sand
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal

3. What is Amtrak?
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads

4. What factors lead to reduction of air pollution by trucks?
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor

5. Service competition areas in airline industry
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
30%

6. Main forms of Charter Ships
90-s
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation

7. What must be used in intervals when transporting pulverized coal mixed with water at long distances?
Economies of scale
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.
Showed a marked decline
A pumping station

8. Terms of Payment
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
High price for price insensitive customers.
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses

9. Certificate of Inspection
1850-1950
A batching pig
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company

10. Social Responsibility pricing
After World War 2
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
Society and customer first.

11. How to assess the operating ratio?
Pipeline and Rail
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
After World War 2

12. Mini Bridge
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container

13. Did the US railroads have anything to do with the creation of world time zones?
Yes
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight

14. FOB Origin/Destination
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
Consolidation
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).

15. Which economies are most prominent in the trucking industry?
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
Economies of scope and density
7
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.

16. What are the reasons for the relative decline of the US railroads after World War 2?
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
Wyoming
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
58

17. Factors affecting Pricing decisions
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer

18. Although the Interstate Highway System accounts for about 1% of total public road mileage - it carries...
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage

19. In terms of tonnage moved by the whole US transportation - the share of railroads is close to this rounded number...
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
15%~13%
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.

20. Freight revenue for Modes (per ton-mile)
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track
Wyoming
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%

21. Starting from which cargo weight and movement distance does it normally make sense to ship by rail?
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
Society and customer first.
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads

22. 1 Barge ship is equivalent to how many trucks?
Wyoming
Labor and Fuel
58
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).

23. The current share of railroads in total transportation expenses is closest to...
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
7%
250 - 000
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.

24. What is the current share of trucking in total transportation expenses is closest to...
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
Water
83.8%
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C

25. What are the characteristics of a block train?
About 25 cents per dollar
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track

26. Cost of Service Pricing
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car

27. Which economies are present in the US railroad industry?
Not the government - the railroads themselves
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
Economies of scale

28. Which type of a railcar has the highest share in terms of its numbers in service in the US?
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
Covered Hopper
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt

29. What is a typical fixed cost item in the motor carrier industry?
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
Terminal
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative

30. What is a road train?
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.

31. Names of the Class 1 railroads?
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad

32. Categories of major pricing decisions
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Terminal
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.

33. What is an approximate capacity of a hopper?
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
100 tons
After World War 2

34. Trackage

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35. What are the service and public benefits of the railroad industry?

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36. The whole history of the US railroads is a history of...
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St
Water
Consolidation
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.

37. What is the truck driving time limitations?
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
NTSB
250 - 000
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments

38. What are the revenues of the specialized and general cargo?
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal

39. Third Party Logistics
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...

40. Carrier's Operational strategies to minimize cost
Economies of scale
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track

41. What is a public benefit of railroads?
Not the government - the railroads themselves
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
High price for price insensitive customers.

42. Government is involved in which aspects of the railroad business?
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Substantially higher
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2

43. The average annual salary of a locomotive operator compared to a TL driver in the US is...
Gov't aid to develop air service - Gov't funding of highways - Construction of inland waterways - Growing preference of shippers for more frequent deliveries and smaller shipments
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
Substantially higher
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal

44. Funding the railroads?
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
Not the government - the railroads themselves

45. Which modes have the following cost structure: Low Variable and High Fixed?
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
Pipeline and Rail
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments

46. What is the difference between TOFC and COFC service?
484
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues

47. Benefits of hub and spoke system
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion

48. Line of credit process

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49. What companies are players in private carriage?
Showed a marked decline
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
About 2 cents per dollar
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative

50. LTL terminals are used for connections with these operations...
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
NTSB
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating