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Transportation Logistics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Outsourcing
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
Substantially higher

2. What must be used in intervals when transporting pulverized coal mixed with water at long distances?
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
A pumping station
Pipeline and Rail
Intermodal in character

3. Non-vessel operating common carriers (NVOCC)
1500 tons
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service

4. What is a typical fixed cost item in the motor carrier industry?
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
58
Terminal
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it

5. Core Carrier concept
Coal
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
ton-miles
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.

6. What aspects of the trucking industry is the US involved in?
250 - 000
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
Labor and Fuel

7. What are the types of railcars?
Wyoming
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
15

8. Labor relations in the US railroad industry?
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
Labor and Fuel
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).

9. Names of the Class 1 railroads?
Gov't aid to develop air service - Gov't funding of highways - Construction of inland waterways - Growing preference of shippers for more frequent deliveries and smaller shipments
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container

10. Offshoring
7%
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
30%
80 - 000 lbs

11. Value of Service pricing
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
After World War 2
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M

12. Invoices
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
Pipeline and Rail
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future

13. Which government agency will investigate a major railroad accident involving public safety?
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
NTSB
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi

14. A pumping station requires 3-6000HP to move oil through a pipeline. To move more than 1 grade at same time what do you use?
563
A batching pig
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments

15. _______ mode would be ideal for moving dry bulk - grains - petroleum - and certain manufactured products not prone to damage during transit
Water
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
100 cars x 100 tons
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad

16. What are the revenues of the specialized and general cargo?
Highway user taxes
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...

17. What do the users of truck service benefit?
Covered Hopper
80 - 000 lbs
Air
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes

18. Which economies are most prominent in the trucking industry?
15
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Economies of scope and density
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future

19. Which phrase best characterizes the level of competition in the motor carrier industry?
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
Completely different continent - different time zones.
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments

20. Survival Based pricing
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
83.8%

21. Consular Invoice

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22. Highway weight limitation
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
80 - 000 lbs
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.

23. Which economies are present in the US railroad industry?
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
484
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
Economies of scale

24. Which modes have the following cost structure: Low Variable and High Fixed?
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
Yes
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
Pipeline and Rail

25. How to assess the operating ratio?
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF
Showed a marked decline
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues

26. What is Amtrak?
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
7%
15
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks

27. Skimming pricing
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
15%~13%
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
High price for price insensitive customers.

28. Categories of major pricing decisions
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.

29. Starting from which cargo weight and movement distance does it normally make sense to ship by rail?
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.

30. Types of vehicles for trucking
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
Yes

31. In terms of tonnage moved by the whole US transportation - the share of railroads is close to this rounded number...
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
484
15%~13%
Interior Non-port cities

32. Certificate of Inspection
Yes
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice

33. Which mode has the lowest cost per ton mile?
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track

34. Freight Revenue for Rail (per ton-mile)
About 2 cents per dollar
Terminal
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF

35. Carrier's Operational strategies to minimize cost
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.
Air

36. What was the rationale behind passing the Staggers Act of 1980?
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives

37. What are the service and public benefits of the railroad industry?

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38. How are interstate highways numbered?
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car

39. What are the highest variable costs in the railroad industry?
100 cars x 100 tons
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
Labor and Fuel

40. Unit trains
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.

41. Factors affecting Pricing decisions
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.
Pipeline and Rail
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion

42. Major commodities hauled by each mode
Interior Non-port cities
Not the government - the railroads themselves
1500 tons
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery

43. Benefits of hub and spoke system
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
Pipeline and Rail
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.

44. Land Bridge
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment

45. Ways to classify the motor carriers
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF
7%

46. What is the approximate number of railroads in the US?
563
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
7
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration

47. Funding the railroads?
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
Not the government - the railroads themselves
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container

48. Who has the highest number of coal carloads?
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi
Wyoming
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
Covered Hopper

49. What are the major causes of general traffic congestions?
Showed a marked decline
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.

50. What are the current trends in trucking?
58
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
15%~13%
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi