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Transportation Logistics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the revenues of the specialized and general cargo?
About 2 cents per dollar
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice

2. Carrier's Operational strategies to minimize cost
7%
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
30%

3. The current share of railroads in total transportation expenses is closest to...
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.
7%

4. What are the current trends in the US railroad?
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service

5. Core Carrier concept
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
Consolidation

6. Government is involved in which aspects of the railroad business?
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Covered Hopper
Moderate

7. LTL terminals are used for connections with these operations...
1850-1950
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery

8. The whole history of the US railroads is a history of...
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
Not the government - the railroads themselves
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Consolidation

9. It is common for an operating ratio of motor carriers to be around these numbers...
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
90-s

10. Freight Revenue for Truck/Motor (per ton-mile)
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
About 25 cents per dollar
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car

11. Social Responsibility pricing
484
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
Society and customer first.

12. Micro Bridge
Interior Non-port cities
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
Consolidation
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement

13. Consolidation
Coal
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.

14. The status of competition within the US railroad industry?
Moderate
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination

15. What are the generally accepted classifications of railroads?
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal

16. Commercial Invoice
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
Showed a marked decline
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties

17. What companies are players in private carriage?
Intermodal in character
High price for price insensitive customers.
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart

18. What is the approximate share of fixed costs of US railroads?
Air
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
30%

19. Service competition areas in airline industry
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)

20. What is the difference between TOFC and COFC service?
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
15%~13%
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Water

21. Land Bridge Services
Intermodal in character
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight

22. Dock receipt
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
Labor and Fuel

23. The number of for-hire motor carriers in the US currently falls somewhere in the middle of this range...
250 - 000
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
Crushed stone - gravel and sand
Completely different continent - different time zones.

24. Types of vehicles for trucking
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special

25. Which type of a railcar has the highest share in terms of its numbers in service in the US?
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Covered Hopper
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
90-s

26. Who has the highest number of coal carloads?
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Wyoming

27. Offshoring
ton-miles
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.

28. What are the highest variable costs in the railroad industry?
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
Labor and Fuel
Interior Non-port cities
Covered Hopper

29. Drayage
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
Special Rates
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.

30. Four types of Liner Service
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).

31. Factors contributing to the decline of Railroad use
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit

32. Factors affecting Pricing decisions
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.
Covered Hopper
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives

33. Unit trains
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
Seller asks buyer for l/c - buyer asks its bank to issue l/c - after approving buyer's credit line - buyer's bank notifies seller's bank it has issued l/c - seller's bank either adds confirmation or simply advises seller that l/c has been issued
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.

34. How are airport hub/spoke and LTL breakbulk similar?
58
High price for price insensitive customers.
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.

35. Examples of general freight
Showed a marked decline
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
80 - 000 lbs

36. What factors lead to reduction of air pollution by trucks?
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles

37. Which US federal government agency enforces safety regulations for railroads?
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Society and customer first.
Not the government - the railroads themselves
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods

38. What are the service and public benefits of the railroad industry?

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39. Ways to classify the motor carriers
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
90-s
1500 tons

40. What are the LTL carriers?
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF
Air
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
83.8%

41. What is the primary railroad cargo out of Arkansas by tonnage?
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination
Wyoming
Crushed stone - gravel and sand
About 2 cents per dollar

42. What must be used in intervals when transporting pulverized coal mixed with water at long distances?
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
15%~13%
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
A pumping station

43. Haulage

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44. 1 Barge is equivalent to how many tons?
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
1500 tons

45. Intermodal Transportation
Carloads and Ton-miles
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it

46. Bill of Lading
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.

47. Which type of railroad cargo has the highest tonnage share in the US?
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
Coal
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.

48. In terms of tonnage moved by the whole US transportation - the share of railroads is close to this rounded number...
Economies of scale
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
15%~13%
Special Rates

49. Mini Bridge
Wyoming
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)

50. On the average - per gallon of fuel - US railroads move a ton of freight...
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
484
Moderate
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.