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Transportation Logistics

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Four types of Liner Service
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%
Coal
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special

2. Main forms of Charter Ships
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.

3. Where does funding for the roads come from?
563
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Highway user taxes
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2

4. Bill of Lading
83.8%
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer

5. What do the users of truck service benefit?
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes

6. What is Amtrak?
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
90-s

7. Which mode has the highest carrying capacity?
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
Water
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment

8. Factors contributing to the decline of Railroad use
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
Not the government - the railroads themselves
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)

9. The problem of driver shortage in the US...
Highway user taxes
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future

10. Freight Revenue for Rail (per ton-mile)
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
About 2 cents per dollar
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
90-s

11. Skimming pricing
7
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
High price for price insensitive customers.
About 2 cents per dollar

12. The average annual salary of a locomotive operator compared to a TL driver in the US is...
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
Substantially higher
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas

13. Major commodities hauled by each mode
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods

14. Which Mode of Transportation has the highest volume in tonnage?
Interior Non-port cities
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.

15. Private Carrier
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives

16. What is the approximate number of railroads in the US?
Interior Non-port cities
Economies of scope and density
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
563

17. Near-shoring
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
Yes

18. Pooling
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
Water
Coal
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.

19. Although the Interstate Highway System accounts for about 1% of total public road mileage - it carries...
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
ton-miles
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice

20. What were the reasons for the erosion of the railroad dominance in transportation in the US?

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21. Flags of Convenience
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.

22. Third Party Logistics
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
563

23. Labor relations in the US railroad industry?
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St
ton-miles
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2

24. Value of Service pricing
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.

25. 1 Barge ship is equivalent to how many trucks?
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
58
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.

26. Land Bridge
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
Water

27. Certificate of Inspection
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Terminal
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion

28. What are the LTL carriers?
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special

29. Which type of railroad cargo has the highest tonnage share in the US?
Coal
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
80 - 000 lbs

30. Government is involved in which aspects of the railroad business?
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
Special Rates
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions

31. How are interstate highways numbered?
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St
Water
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor

32. Price variation factors in airline service
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit

33. What are the service and public benefits of the railroad industry?

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34. Invoices
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
100 cars x 100 tons
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.

35. What are the metrics to measure freight traffic in the motor carrier industry?
ton-miles
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
250 - 000
Wyoming

36. Offshoring
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
Coal
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!

37. Name the 3 types of water carriers
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
484
83.8%
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook

38. Names of the Class 1 railroads?
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
About 2 cents per dollar
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.

39. What is the difference between class 1 and class 2 carriers?
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M

40. Carrier's Operational strategies to minimize cost
Moderate
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days

41. How does the US railroad industry compete with other modes?
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.

42. Freight Revenue for Truck/Motor (per ton-mile)
30%
1500 tons
About 25 cents per dollar
100 tons

43. Three kinds of ocean carriers
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
Wyoming

44. What are the generally accepted classifications of railroads?
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
250 - 000
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)

45. What is a public benefit of railroads?
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
A pumping station
563
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.

46. Core Carrier concept
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
83.8%

47. What was the rationale behind passing the Staggers Act of 1980?
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
Gov't aid to develop air service - Gov't funding of highways - Construction of inland waterways - Growing preference of shippers for more frequent deliveries and smaller shipments
About 25 cents per dollar

48. A barge tow is capable of moving how many barges?
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Crushed stone - gravel and sand
15
Gov't aid to develop air service - Gov't funding of highways - Construction of inland waterways - Growing preference of shippers for more frequent deliveries and smaller shipments

49. What are the characteristics of a block train?
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
Highway user taxes
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged

50. Unit trains
90-s
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
An agreement whereby one railroad pays a second carrier to transport its freight using the second carrier's crew and power equipment