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Transportation Logistics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where does funding for the roads come from?
Highway user taxes
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
Coal
Economies of scope and density

2. Core Carrier concept
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
15%~13%

3. What is the approximate number of railroads in the US?
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
563
83.8%
Wyoming

4. A pumping station requires 3-6000HP to move oil through a pipeline. To move more than 1 grade at same time what do you use?
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
A batching pig
Air

5. Main forms of Charter Ships
Water
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Completely different continent - different time zones.

6. What are the major causes of general traffic congestions?
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Carloads and Ton-miles
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment

7. What is a typical fixed cost item in the motor carrier industry?
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Seller asks buyer for l/c - buyer asks its bank to issue l/c - after approving buyer's credit line - buyer's bank notifies seller's bank it has issued l/c - seller's bank either adds confirmation or simply advises seller that l/c has been issued
Interior Non-port cities
Terminal

8. Dock receipt
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
Intermodal in character
After World War 2
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future

9. What are the highest variable costs in the railroad industry?
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
Labor and Fuel
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice

10. Which US federal government agency enforces safety regulations for railroads?
Not the government - the railroads themselves
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)

11. _______ mode would be ideal for moving dry bulk - grains - petroleum - and certain manufactured products not prone to damage during transit
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.
Moderate
Water
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.

12. What are the revenues of the specialized and general cargo?
Carloads and Ton-miles
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion

13. What are the metrics to measure freight traffic in the motor carrier industry?
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
ton-miles

14. What are the current trends in trucking?
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
Moderate
250 - 000

15. The problem of driver shortage in the US...
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Yes

16. What is Amtrak?
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery

17. Social Responsibility pricing
Society and customer first.
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage

18. What was the golden age of railroads?
Intermodal in character
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes
1850-1950

19. Consolidation
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions

20. Types of vehicles for trucking
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas

21. Third Party Logistics
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
15%~13%
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads

22. What do the users of truck service benefit?
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination

23. What are the service and public benefits of the railroad industry?

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24. Ways to classify the motor carriers
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
58
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight

25. How many Class 1 freight railroads are there?
7
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
58

26. Benefits of hub and spoke system
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)

27. What is the primary railroad cargo out of Arkansas by tonnage?
15%~13%
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Crushed stone - gravel and sand
250 - 000

28. UNCTAD liner code 40-40-20
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation

29. What is an approximate capacity of a hopper?
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
100 tons
Seller asks buyer for l/c - buyer asks its bank to issue l/c - after approving buyer's credit line - buyer's bank notifies seller's bank it has issued l/c - seller's bank either adds confirmation or simply advises seller that l/c has been issued
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track

30. Private Carrier
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
15%~13%
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.

31. Drayage
15
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer

32. On the average - per gallon of fuel - US railroads move a ton of freight...
484
Covered Hopper
1850-1950
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)

33. What are the types of railcars?
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car

34. Land Bridge Services
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
Intermodal in character
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor

35. Flags of Convenience
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
A pumping station
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.

36. Trackage

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37. Which mode has the highest carrying capacity?
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
Water
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
83.8%

38. Four types of Liner Service
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).

39. 20/80 Rule
High price for price insensitive customers.
90-s
30%
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.

40. The whole history of the US railroads is a history of...
Consolidation
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal

41. Land Bridge
30%
Showed a marked decline
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.

42. What is the rationale behind passing a federal act in 1956 to create a national system of interstate highways?
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
Special Rates

43. Certificate of origin
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
Coal
Carloads and Ton-miles
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged

44. What are the LTL carriers?
Not the government - the railroads themselves
Wyoming
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing

45. What is the trend for the miles of road over the past 50 years in the US railroad industry?
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
Showed a marked decline
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Seller asks buyer for l/c - buyer asks its bank to issue l/c - after approving buyer's credit line - buyer's bank notifies seller's bank it has issued l/c - seller's bank either adds confirmation or simply advises seller that l/c has been issued

46. The average annual salary of a locomotive operator compared to a TL driver in the US is...
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
7
Substantially higher

47. Highway weight limitation
Carloads and Ton-miles
About 25 cents per dollar
80 - 000 lbs
15%~13%

48. Consular Invoice

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49. What are the generally accepted classifications of railroads?
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
Society and customer first.
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal

50. What is the current share of trucking in total transportation expenses is closest to...
Society and customer first.
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
83.8%