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Transportation Logistics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Dock receipt
250 - 000
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal

2. Which modes have the following cost structure: Low Variable and High Fixed?
100 cars x 100 tons
Pipeline and Rail
Intermodal in character
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future

3. Types of vehicles for trucking
Highway user taxes
Covered Hopper
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special

4. What factors lead to reduction of air pollution by trucks?
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
Showed a marked decline

5. What are the highest variable costs in the railroad industry?
Labor and Fuel
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.

6. Bill of Lading
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.

7. 1 Barge is equivalent to how many tons?
1500 tons
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement

8. Factors affecting Pricing decisions
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%

9. Outsourcing
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart

10. What was the golden age of railroads?
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
1850-1950

11. Starting from which cargo weight and movement distance does it normally make sense to ship by rail?
ton-miles
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
Substantially higher
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment

12. What are the current trends in the US railroad?
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF

13. Pooling
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.

14. Mini Bridge
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal

15. How are airport hub/spoke and LTL breakbulk similar?
A pumping station
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future

16. On the average - per gallon of fuel - US railroads move a ton of freight...
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
100 tons
484

17. The problem of driver shortage in the US...
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer

18. What are the service and public benefits of the railroad industry?

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19. What do the users of truck service benefit?
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment

20. Intermodal Transportation
Special Rates
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
Labor and Fuel

21. Benefits of hub and spoke system
80 - 000 lbs
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
15
1850-1950

22. What are the types of railcars?
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
A pumping station

23. Commercial Invoice
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
Labor and Fuel
NTSB

24. What is the empirical formula of the typical coal unit train in the US?
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
Moderate
100 cars x 100 tons

25. What are the generally accepted classifications of railroads?
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).

26. What is a public benefit of railroads?
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties

27. Far-shoring
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways

28. What is the primary railroad cargo out of Arkansas by tonnage?
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Crushed stone - gravel and sand
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
Yes

29. What are the LTL carriers?
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
Not the government - the railroads themselves

30. Freight Revenue for Rail (per ton-mile)
Pipeline and Rail
83.8%
250 - 000
About 2 cents per dollar

31. What is the truck driving time limitations?
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it

32. Near-shoring
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
Consolidation
7%

33. What are the metrics to measure freight traffic in the motor carrier industry?
ton-miles
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery

34. What companies are players in private carriage?
Not the government - the railroads themselves
7
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart

35. What is a typical fixed cost item in the motor carrier industry?
A batching pig
Labor and Fuel
Terminal
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad

36. What are the major causes of general traffic congestions?
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Interior Non-port cities

37. Class Rate Calculations
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad

38. Highway weight limitation
7%
80 - 000 lbs
About 25 cents per dollar
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.

39. Four types of Liner Service
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
30%
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).

40. Which economies are present in the US railroad industry?
484
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement
Economies of scale
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days

41. Consular Invoice

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42. How to assess the operating ratio?
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.

43. What is the trend for the miles of road over the past 50 years in the US railroad industry?
15%~13%
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Showed a marked decline
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.

44. Labor relations in the US railroad industry?
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
Wyoming

45. Private Carrier
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
30%
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it

46. Pro-Forma Invoice
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
Moderate

47. It is common for an operating ratio of motor carriers to be around these numbers...
83.8%
Covered Hopper
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
90-s

48. Freight revenue for Modes (per ton-mile)
Intermodal in character
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%

49. What aspects of the trucking industry is the US involved in?
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
100 cars x 100 tons
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods

50. Terms of Payment
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
Coal
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit