Test your basic knowledge |

Transportation Logistics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where does funding for the roads come from?
Highway user taxes
250 - 000
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
100 cars x 100 tons

2. Types of vehicles for trucking
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
15
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
1500 tons

3. Name the 3 types of water carriers
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives

4. Benefits of hub and spoke system
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future

5. Major commodities hauled by each mode
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
High price for price insensitive customers.

6. What are the reasons for the relative decline of the US railroads after World War 2?
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
Air
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car

7. Which modes have the following cost structure: Low Variable and High Fixed?
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
Pipeline and Rail

8. _______ mode would be ideal for moving dry bulk - grains - petroleum - and certain manufactured products not prone to damage during transit
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
Water
NTSB

9. It is common for an operating ratio of motor carriers to be around these numbers...
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
90-s
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days

10. How does the US railroad industry compete with other modes?
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery

11. A barge tow is capable of moving how many barges?
After World War 2
15
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination

12. In terms of tonnage moved by the whole US transportation - the share of railroads is close to this rounded number...
NTSB
15%~13%
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
100 cars x 100 tons

13. Cost of Service Pricing
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments
Labor and Fuel

14. What are the current trends in the US railroad?
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives
Covered Hopper
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods

15. On the average - per gallon of fuel - US railroads move a ton of freight...
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi
484
Not the government - the railroads themselves

16. Invoices
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination

17. A pumping station requires 3-6000HP to move oil through a pipeline. To move more than 1 grade at same time what do you use?
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
A batching pig

18. 1 Barge ship is equivalent to how many trucks?
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
58
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special

19. What were the reasons for the erosion of the railroad dominance in transportation in the US?

20. Which government agency will investigate a major railroad accident involving public safety?
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
NTSB

21. What must be used in intervals when transporting pulverized coal mixed with water at long distances?
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
A pumping station
A batching pig

22. What is the current share of trucking in total transportation expenses is closest to...
Consolidation
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
83.8%

23. Which mode has the lowest cost per ton mile?
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
80 - 000 lbs

24. What is the empirical formula of the typical coal unit train in the US?
100 cars x 100 tons
High price for price insensitive customers.
Society and customer first.
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.

25. Examples of general freight
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
Air

26. The problem of driver shortage in the US...
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
About 25 cents per dollar
An agreement whereby one railroad pays a second carrier to transport its freight using the second carrier's crew and power equipment

27. Types and shares of cost in railroads
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
100 tons
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran

28. What was the golden age of railroads?
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
1850-1950

29. What is a public benefit of railroads?
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
100 cars x 100 tons
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
Substantially higher

30. What term is related to railroad operations?
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container

31. Private Carrier
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
1500 tons
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it

32. What is an approximate capacity of a hopper?
100 tons
Yes
Water
An agreement whereby one railroad pays a second carrier to transport its freight using the second carrier's crew and power equipment

33. What are the two primary operational indicators in the railroad industry?
100 tons
Carloads and Ton-miles
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
30%

34. What is the trend for the miles of road over the past 50 years in the US railroad industry?
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi
Intermodal in character
Showed a marked decline

35. Land Bridge
Intermodal in character
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
Economies of scale

36. What are the revenues of the specialized and general cargo?
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
83.8%
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion

37. Highway weight limitation
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes
1850-1950
80 - 000 lbs
About 2 cents per dollar

38. Which mode has the highest carrying capacity?
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
250 - 000
Water

39. What terms describe a type of operation in trucking?
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments

40. How to assess the operating ratio?
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
Crushed stone - gravel and sand
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it

41. Government is involved in which aspects of the railroad business?
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Water

42. Funding the railroads?
7
Not the government - the railroads themselves
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days

43. What factors lead to reduction of air pollution by trucks?
Yes
Coal
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion

44. LTL terminals are used for connections with these operations...
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Covered Hopper
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating

45. Carriers' Technological and Equipment strategies to minimize costs
Not the government - the railroads themselves
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
A pumping station
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.

46. Stop-off
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Economies of scope and density
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.

47. Certificate of Inspection
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement
Labor and Fuel
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods

48. Pro-Forma Invoice
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car

49. Names of the Class 1 railroads?
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.

50. Bill of Lading
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt