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Transportation Logistics

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Name the types of trucking terminals
563
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook

2. What could be the rationale for railroad mergers?

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3. Four types of Liner Service
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Water
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).

4. On the average - per gallon of fuel - US railroads move a ton of freight...
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
484
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
Intermodal in character

5. Highway weight limitation
Wyoming
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
7%
80 - 000 lbs

6. Funding the railroads?
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
A batching pig
Not the government - the railroads themselves
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment

7. What is the primary railroad cargo out of Arkansas by tonnage?
Crushed stone - gravel and sand
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
83.8%

8. Factors contributing to the decline of Railroad use
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit

9. Flags of Convenience
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran

10. Terms of Payment
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
Terminal
80 - 000 lbs
Special Rates

11. How are airport hub/spoke and LTL breakbulk similar?
250 - 000
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
Intermodal in character

12. Which US federal government agency enforces safety regulations for railroads?
Interior Non-port cities
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.

13. Did the US railroads have anything to do with the creation of world time zones?
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
Yes
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.

14. Pro-Forma Invoice
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.

15. Service competition areas in airline industry
90-s
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%

16. What companies are players in private carriage?
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Yes
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
Showed a marked decline

17. Class Rate Calculations
100 tons
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks

18. What is the approximate number of railroads in the US?
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
563
Showed a marked decline

19. What are the metrics to measure freight traffic in the motor carrier industry?
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
ton-miles
15
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.

20. The number of for-hire motor carriers in the US currently falls somewhere in the middle of this range...
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.
250 - 000
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.
Seller asks buyer for l/c - buyer asks its bank to issue l/c - after approving buyer's credit line - buyer's bank notifies seller's bank it has issued l/c - seller's bank either adds confirmation or simply advises seller that l/c has been issued

21. What are the characteristics of a block train?
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C

22. Skimming pricing
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Pipeline and Rail
High price for price insensitive customers.

23. Core Carrier concept
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
1850-1950
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion

24. Trackage

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25. Value of Service pricing
Showed a marked decline
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.

26. It is common for an operating ratio of motor carriers to be around these numbers...
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
90-s

27. Where does funding for the roads come from?
Highway user taxes
Special Rates
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes

28. 1. Character of shipment rates: LTL/TL rates - multiple-car rates - incentive rates - unit train rates - density rates... 2. Area - location or route rates: Local rates - joint rates - proportional rates - differential rates - per mile rate.
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
1500 tons
Special Rates
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways

29. Which economies are most prominent in the trucking industry?
Economies of scope and density
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions

30. Categories of major pricing decisions
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement

31. Third Party Logistics
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north

32. Which Mode of Transportation has the highest volume in tonnage?
100 tons
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%
15%~13%
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.

33. What are the major causes of general traffic congestions?
Gov't aid to develop air service - Gov't funding of highways - Construction of inland waterways - Growing preference of shippers for more frequent deliveries and smaller shipments
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
1850-1950
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative

34. How to assess the operating ratio?
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
484
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods

35. What is a typical fixed cost item in the motor carrier industry?
Terminal
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
Covered Hopper

36. The problem of driver shortage in the US...
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
An agreement whereby one railroad pays a second carrier to transport its freight using the second carrier's crew and power equipment
Carloads and Ton-miles

37. The whole history of the US railroads is a history of...
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
Consolidation
Society and customer first.

38. Examples of general freight
Economies of scope and density
Highway user taxes
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.

39. Pooling
Intermodal in character
Special Rates
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.

40. Consular Invoice

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41. Cost of Service Pricing
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.
30%
Consolidation
15

42. A barge tow is capable of moving how many barges?
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
15
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.

43. Types of vehicles for trucking
Carloads and Ton-miles
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.

44. In terms of tonnage moved by the whole US transportation - the share of railroads is close to this rounded number...
Showed a marked decline
15%~13%
Labor and Fuel
About 2 cents per dollar

45. 1 Barge ship is equivalent to how many trucks?
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
58
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.
Intermodal in character

46. Although the Interstate Highway System accounts for about 1% of total public road mileage - it carries...
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel

47. What is a road train?
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
After World War 2
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.

48. Price variation factors in airline service
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
Moderate
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran

49. 20/80 Rule
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Interior Non-port cities

50. The current share of railroads in total transportation expenses is closest to...
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Yes
7%
30%