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Transportation Logistics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What could be the rationale for railroad mergers?

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2. The status of competition within the US railroad industry?
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
Moderate

3. A pumping station requires 3-6000HP to move oil through a pipeline. To move more than 1 grade at same time what do you use?
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
A batching pig
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles

4. What are the types of railcars?
Intermodal in character
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF

5. Which type of a railcar has the highest share in terms of its numbers in service in the US?
Air
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Highway user taxes
Covered Hopper

6. Did the US railroads have anything to do with the creation of world time zones?
A batching pig
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
1850-1950
Yes

7. What are the revenues of the specialized and general cargo?
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C

8. What are the LTL carriers?
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF

9. What is the rationale behind passing a federal act in 1956 to create a national system of interstate highways?
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
NTSB
250 - 000
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country

10. 1 Barge is equivalent to how many tons?
1500 tons
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
A pumping station
NTSB

11. FOB Origin/Destination
Intermodal in character
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF
Consolidation
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).

12. How does the US railroad industry compete with other modes?
Water
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
100 cars x 100 tons
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2

13. What aspects of the trucking industry is the US involved in?
Substantially higher
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight

14. The number of for-hire motor carriers in the US currently falls somewhere in the middle of this range...
250 - 000
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.

15. Certificate of Inspection
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
A pumping station

16. What is the trend for the miles of road over the past 50 years in the US railroad industry?
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
Showed a marked decline
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.

17. What is the truck driving time limitations?
After World War 2
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
Substantially higher

18. What is the empirical formula of the typical coal unit train in the US?
Labor and Fuel
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
100 cars x 100 tons
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit

19. What do the users of truck service benefit?
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Carloads and Ton-miles
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.

20. At about what time did trucking become the predominant mode of transportation in the US by gradually surpassing the railroads in terms of tonnage and revenues?
After World War 2
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
563
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.

21. Which economies are most prominent in the trucking industry?
Intermodal in character
Interior Non-port cities
Economies of scope and density
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.

22. Class Rate Calculations
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses

23. Social Responsibility pricing
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St
Society and customer first.

24. Name the types of trucking terminals
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery

25. Consular Invoice

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26. The whole history of the US railroads is a history of...
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
15%~13%
100 cars x 100 tons
Consolidation

27. Unit trains
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
Wyoming
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.

28. Carrier's Operational strategies to minimize cost
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
Terminal
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.

29. What commodity/goods are typically transported by railroads in the US?
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Gov't aid to develop air service - Gov't funding of highways - Construction of inland waterways - Growing preference of shippers for more frequent deliveries and smaller shipments
15%~13%
1850-1950

30. A barge tow is capable of moving how many barges?
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
15
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged

31. What are the highest variable costs in the railroad industry?
Highway user taxes
Water
Labor and Fuel
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.

32. Highway weight limitation
80 - 000 lbs
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
NTSB
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!

33. Three kinds of ocean carriers
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart

34. How to assess the operating ratio?
30%
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues

35. Factors affecting Pricing decisions
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
Water
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special

36. What are the reasons for the relative decline of the US railroads after World War 2?
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Labor and Fuel
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran

37. Non-vessel operating common carriers (NVOCC)
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer

38. Pooling
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.

39. 1 Barge ship is equivalent to how many trucks?
58
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
100 tons
Wyoming

40. What must be used in intervals when transporting pulverized coal mixed with water at long distances?
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
A pumping station
Substantially higher

41. Intermodal Transportation
250 - 000
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Not the government - the railroads themselves

42. Starting from which cargo weight and movement distance does it normally make sense to ship by rail?
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).

43. Private Carrier
Coal
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
563

44. Cost of Service Pricing
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.

45. Skimming pricing
High price for price insensitive customers.
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.

46. What are the major causes of general traffic congestions?
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Economies of scale
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.

47. Main forms of Charter Ships
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
About 25 cents per dollar
90-s
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation

48. What is a typical fixed cost item in the motor carrier industry?
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
Terminal
Pipeline and Rail
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.

49. What is a road train?
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal

50. What is the current share of trucking in total transportation expenses is closest to...
83.8%
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook