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Transportation Logistics

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 1 Barge ship is equivalent to how many trucks?
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
58

2. Skimming pricing
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
High price for price insensitive customers.
1500 tons
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...

3. Types of vehicles for trucking
A pumping station
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing

4. Micro Bridge
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
Interior Non-port cities
Substantially higher

5. FOB Origin/Destination
Economies of scale
Special Rates
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
1850-1950

6. Mistakes in pricing strategy
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.

7. Land Bridge
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Covered Hopper
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.

8. Service competition areas in airline industry
A pumping station
7%
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
ton-miles

9. Unit trains
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.
After World War 2
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.

10. Which modes have the following cost structure: Low Variable and High Fixed?
Crushed stone - gravel and sand
Seller asks buyer for l/c - buyer asks its bank to issue l/c - after approving buyer's credit line - buyer's bank notifies seller's bank it has issued l/c - seller's bank either adds confirmation or simply advises seller that l/c has been issued
Pipeline and Rail
Carloads and Ton-miles

11. Which economies are most prominent in the trucking industry?
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Carloads and Ton-miles
After World War 2
Economies of scope and density

12. The status of competition within the US railroad industry?
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.
Moderate
About 2 cents per dollar

13. Consolidation
Water
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Consolidation

14. Offshoring
1850-1950
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
NTSB
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!

15. Name the types of trucking terminals
After World War 2
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery

16. Government is involved in which aspects of the railroad business?
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
A batching pig

17. Price variation factors in airline service
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
7

18. Which Mode of Transportation has the highest volume in tonnage?
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%
Air

19. Carrier's Operational strategies to minimize cost
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.

20. Invoices
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes
Water
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks

21. Which mode has the lowest cost per ton mile?
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
A batching pig
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service

22. Freight Revenue for Rail (per ton-mile)
About 2 cents per dollar
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged

23. What are the characteristics of a block train?
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.

24. A barge tow is capable of moving how many barges?
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
15

25. What is a road train?
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Seller asks buyer for l/c - buyer asks its bank to issue l/c - after approving buyer's credit line - buyer's bank notifies seller's bank it has issued l/c - seller's bank either adds confirmation or simply advises seller that l/c has been issued
Economies of scale
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer

26. Which US federal government agency enforces safety regulations for railroads?
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Coal
Water
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.

27. What terms describe a type of operation in trucking?
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St
100 tons
High price for price insensitive customers.

28. Survival Based pricing
High price for price insensitive customers.
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal

29. Haulage

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30. What must be used in intervals when transporting pulverized coal mixed with water at long distances?
Water
Intermodal in character
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
A pumping station

31. It is common for an operating ratio of motor carriers to be around these numbers...
90-s
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).

32. What are the issues facing the US railroads?
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Moderate
ton-miles

33. What is a public benefit of railroads?
250 - 000
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
ton-miles
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating

34. Bill of Lading
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles

35. What are the revenues of the specialized and general cargo?
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Showed a marked decline

36. Stop-off
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
7%
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor

37. UNCTAD liner code 40-40-20
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.

38. What was the golden age of railroads?
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
Labor and Fuel
1850-1950
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions

39. How does the US railroad industry compete with other modes?
Labor and Fuel
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel

40. What is the approximate number of railroads in the US?
563
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
After World War 2
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St

41. Which mode has the highest carrying capacity?
Water
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
High price for price insensitive customers.

42. Main forms of Charter Ships
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
Seller asks buyer for l/c - buyer asks its bank to issue l/c - after approving buyer's credit line - buyer's bank notifies seller's bank it has issued l/c - seller's bank either adds confirmation or simply advises seller that l/c has been issued

43. What is the truck driving time limitations?
NTSB
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days

44. Private Carrier
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it

45. Names of the Class 1 railroads?
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
Water
58

46. Certificate of Inspection
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.
58

47. Funding the railroads?
Not the government - the railroads themselves
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city

48. What do the users of truck service benefit?
250 - 000
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car

49. Major commodities hauled by each mode
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
484
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods

50. What is a typical fixed cost item in the motor carrier industry?
Terminal
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight