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Transportation Logistics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What commodity/goods are typically transported by railroads in the US?
7
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car

2. Which Mode of Transportation has the highest volume in tonnage?
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
Completely different continent - different time zones.
7%
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%

3. A pumping station requires 3-6000HP to move oil through a pipeline. To move more than 1 grade at same time what do you use?
Showed a marked decline
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
A batching pig
Water

4. What could be the rationale for railroad mergers?

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5. What is the rationale behind passing a federal act in 1956 to create a national system of interstate highways?
1850-1950
80 - 000 lbs
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country

6. 20/80 Rule
About 25 cents per dollar
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.

7. Benefits of hub and spoke system
100 tons
80 - 000 lbs
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi

8. Haulage

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9. Consular Invoice

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10. Core Carrier concept
Showed a marked decline
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal

11. Certificate of origin
Wyoming
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
After World War 2
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special

12. What is the truck driving time limitations?
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
A batching pig
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days

13. What are the service and public benefits of the railroad industry?

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14. Survival Based pricing
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
80 - 000 lbs

15. Land Bridge Services
Intermodal in character
Labor and Fuel
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C

16. Consolidation
Showed a marked decline
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
Economies of scale

17. Certificate of Inspection
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%

18. What are the current trends in trucking?
100 cars x 100 tons
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
7
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi

19. Name the types of trucking terminals
Not the government - the railroads themselves
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration

20. Service competition areas in airline industry
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
250 - 000
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.

21. Social Responsibility pricing
Society and customer first.
100 tons
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
ton-miles

22. What are the types of railcars?
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
563
Moderate

23. What are the issues facing the US railroads?
Crushed stone - gravel and sand
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service

24. Highway weight limitation
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
80 - 000 lbs
About 25 cents per dollar
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company

25. Dock receipt
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments

26. Main forms of Charter Ships
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions

27. What are the two primary operational indicators in the railroad industry?
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Carloads and Ton-miles
An agreement whereby one railroad pays a second carrier to transport its freight using the second carrier's crew and power equipment

28. Far-shoring
83.8%
7%
Completely different continent - different time zones.
250 - 000

29. Intermodal Transportation
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Interior Non-port cities
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.

30. Four types of Liner Service
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.
ton-miles

31. Which type of railroad cargo has the highest tonnage share in the US?
Coal
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative

32. Which type of a railcar has the highest share in terms of its numbers in service in the US?
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Covered Hopper

33. Categories of major pricing decisions
About 2 cents per dollar
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
Gov't aid to develop air service - Gov't funding of highways - Construction of inland waterways - Growing preference of shippers for more frequent deliveries and smaller shipments
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.

34. What are the major causes of general traffic congestions?
Intermodal in character
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment
NTSB
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways

35. 1 Barge ship is equivalent to how many trucks?
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
58
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Seller asks buyer for l/c - buyer asks its bank to issue l/c - after approving buyer's credit line - buyer's bank notifies seller's bank it has issued l/c - seller's bank either adds confirmation or simply advises seller that l/c has been issued

36. It is common for an operating ratio of motor carriers to be around these numbers...
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
83.8%
484
90-s

37. Which economies are present in the US railroad industry?
Interior Non-port cities
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
Economies of scale

38. Stop-off
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.

39. Commercial Invoice
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
Moderate

40. Who has the highest number of coal carloads?
Society and customer first.
Wyoming
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
Terminal

41. What was the golden age of railroads?
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
1850-1950

42. The average annual salary of a locomotive operator compared to a TL driver in the US is...
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
Substantially higher
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
30%

43. Starting from which cargo weight and movement distance does it normally make sense to ship by rail?
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
7%
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses

44. Freight revenue for Modes (per ton-mile)
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%

45. What aspects of the trucking industry is the US involved in?
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
Showed a marked decline

46. How to assess the operating ratio?
100 cars x 100 tons
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
Not the government - the railroads themselves
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container

47. A barge tow is capable of moving how many barges?
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
15
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days

48. Invoices
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
Wyoming
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart

49. What is a typical fixed cost item in the motor carrier industry?
Terminal
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
7%

50. Pro-Forma Invoice
Special Rates
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
1500 tons
Economies of scale