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Transportation Logistics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Name the 3 types of water carriers
7%
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives

2. Near-shoring
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
A batching pig
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.

3. What is the difference between TOFC and COFC service?
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
90-s
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Economies of scale

4. Major commodities hauled by each mode
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal

5. Flags of Convenience
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
7
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).

6. Commercial Invoice
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.

7. Line of credit process

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8. What is the truck driving time limitations?
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart

9. Which economies are present in the US railroad industry?
Economies of scale
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives

10. What are the types of railcars?
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments

11. Dock receipt
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
Carloads and Ton-miles
15%~13%

12. Offshoring
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St

13. The number of for-hire motor carriers in the US currently falls somewhere in the middle of this range...
Intermodal in character
250 - 000
A batching pig
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.

14. Drayage
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
1500 tons

15. What is the approximate number of railroads in the US?
Intermodal in character
563
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
Yes

16. Core Carrier concept
Labor and Fuel
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
58
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas

17. _______ mode would be ideal for moving dry bulk - grains - petroleum - and certain manufactured products not prone to damage during transit
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
Water

18. How are airport hub/spoke and LTL breakbulk similar?
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
1850-1950
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard

19. Highway weight limitation
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
80 - 000 lbs
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery

20. What was the rationale behind passing the Staggers Act of 1980?
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Air
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing

21. In terms of tonnage moved by the whole US transportation - the share of railroads is close to this rounded number...
15%~13%
Water
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city

22. Land Bridge
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
Showed a marked decline
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.

23. Freight Revenue for Rail (per ton-mile)
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
About 2 cents per dollar
80 - 000 lbs
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.

24. What is the difference between class 1 and class 2 carriers?
1500 tons
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
Consolidation
563

25. What is the trend for the miles of road over the past 50 years in the US railroad industry?
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
Showed a marked decline
Economies of scale

26. How many Class 1 freight railroads are there?
Yes
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
7
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal

27. What is the current share of trucking in total transportation expenses is closest to...
83.8%
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
7%

28. Class Rate Calculations
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city

29. What are the current trends in trucking?
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
Covered Hopper
100 cars x 100 tons

30. Which government agency will investigate a major railroad accident involving public safety?
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
NTSB
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart

31. Labor relations in the US railroad industry?
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties

32. UNCTAD liner code 40-40-20
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Labor and Fuel
Consolidation
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration

33. Micro Bridge
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
Interior Non-port cities
Covered Hopper
Water

34. Intermodal Transportation
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard

35. Third Party Logistics
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
484
Intermodal in character

36. Examples of general freight
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
Water
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel

37. What are the service and public benefits of the railroad industry?

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38. Carrier's Operational strategies to minimize cost
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Terminal

39. What are the major causes of general traffic congestions?
A pumping station
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes

40. Types of vehicles for trucking
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement

41. Haulage

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42. Ways to classify the motor carriers
ton-miles
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement

43. What term is related to railroad operations?
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage

44. Factors affecting Pricing decisions
250 - 000
High price for price insensitive customers.
Economies of scale
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.

45. Bill of Lading
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
About 25 cents per dollar
15%~13%
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt

46. What are the current trends in the US railroad?
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Consolidation
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives

47. Certificate of origin
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north

48. Freight revenue for Modes (per ton-mile)
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
Society and customer first.

49. Which mode has the highest carrying capacity?
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
Water
1850-1950

50. Which modes have the following cost structure: Low Variable and High Fixed?
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
Pipeline and Rail
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating