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Transportation Logistics

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. What are the revenues of the specialized and general cargo?
Completely different continent - different time zones.
1500 tons
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
NTSB

2. What is the truck driving time limitations?
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country

3. The average annual salary of a locomotive operator compared to a TL driver in the US is...
100 tons
Substantially higher
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing

4. What is the approximate number of railroads in the US?
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
563
Water
A pumping station

5. The whole history of the US railroads is a history of...
Covered Hopper
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
Consolidation
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice

6. Examples of general freight
Special Rates
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
Intermodal in character

7. Mistakes in pricing strategy
Moderate
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.

8. Near-shoring
1500 tons
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.

9. Government is involved in which aspects of the railroad business?
Pipeline and Rail
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
100 tons

10. What is Amtrak?
About 25 cents per dollar
Showed a marked decline
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
90-s

11. What are the generally accepted classifications of railroads?
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.

12. Line of credit process

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13. Four types of Liner Service
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
Crushed stone - gravel and sand

14. LTL terminals are used for connections with these operations...
A pumping station
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
Yes
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.

15. Invoices
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Water

16. Ways to classify the motor carriers
A pumping station
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
Economies of scope and density
Terminal

17. Pricing adjustment conditions
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
Consolidation
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city

18. Consolidation
Carloads and Ton-miles
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.

19. Did the US railroads have anything to do with the creation of world time zones?
Yes
7
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes

20. Dock receipt
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
About 25 cents per dollar

21. What is a typical fixed cost item in the motor carrier industry?
Terminal
Air
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery

22. What do the users of truck service benefit?
Consolidation
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
After World War 2
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days

23. The current share of railroads in total transportation expenses is closest to...
7%
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks

24. 1. Character of shipment rates: LTL/TL rates - multiple-car rates - incentive rates - unit train rates - density rates... 2. Area - location or route rates: Local rates - joint rates - proportional rates - differential rates - per mile rate.
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
Water
Special Rates
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged

25. Unit trains
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives
A batching pig
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.

26. What companies are players in private carriage?
83.8%
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice

27. In terms of tonnage moved by the whole US transportation - the share of railroads is close to this rounded number...
15%~13%
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Terminal

28. Private Carrier
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
Crushed stone - gravel and sand

29. Land Bridge Services
Intermodal in character
Terminal
100 tons
Gov't aid to develop air service - Gov't funding of highways - Construction of inland waterways - Growing preference of shippers for more frequent deliveries and smaller shipments

30. What is the difference between TOFC and COFC service?
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Consolidation
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks

31. What are the characteristics of a block train?
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks

32. Far-shoring
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
Completely different continent - different time zones.
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service

33. Factors contributing to the decline of Railroad use
Intermodal in character
Interior Non-port cities
Pipeline and Rail
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit

34. Which economies are present in the US railroad industry?
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Economies of scale
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion

35. Although the Interstate Highway System accounts for about 1% of total public road mileage - it carries...
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
Not the government - the railroads themselves
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
58

36. What are the current trends in trucking?
Covered Hopper
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
NTSB
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi

37. Benefits of hub and spoke system
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage

38. On the average - per gallon of fuel - US railroads move a ton of freight...
7%
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
484

39. Starting from which cargo weight and movement distance does it normally make sense to ship by rail?
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
7
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)

40. Skimming pricing
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
Consolidation
80 - 000 lbs
High price for price insensitive customers.

41. Survival Based pricing
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
Seller asks buyer for l/c - buyer asks its bank to issue l/c - after approving buyer's credit line - buyer's bank notifies seller's bank it has issued l/c - seller's bank either adds confirmation or simply advises seller that l/c has been issued
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.

42. Freight Revenue for Truck/Motor (per ton-mile)
30%
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
About 25 cents per dollar
Wyoming

43. What must be used in intervals when transporting pulverized coal mixed with water at long distances?
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
A pumping station
About 2 cents per dollar
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.

44. Haulage

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45. What is the primary railroad cargo out of Arkansas by tonnage?
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
Crushed stone - gravel and sand

46. Stop-off
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.

47. Carriers' Technological and Equipment strategies to minimize costs
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Intermodal in character
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged

48. What were the reasons for the erosion of the railroad dominance in transportation in the US?

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49. What is the trend for the miles of road over the past 50 years in the US railroad industry?
Interior Non-port cities
Showed a marked decline
30%
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company

50. Three kinds of ocean carriers
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment

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Transportation Logistics

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