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Transportation Logistics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What terms describe a type of operation in trucking?
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
Air

2. What is the rationale behind passing a federal act in 1956 to create a national system of interstate highways?
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
15%~13%
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)

3. Certificate of Inspection
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special

4. Far-shoring
About 25 cents per dollar
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways

5. UNCTAD liner code 40-40-20
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.

6. Land Bridge Services
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
Intermodal in character

7. Did the US railroads have anything to do with the creation of world time zones?
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
Yes
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
Society and customer first.

8. The average annual salary of a locomotive operator compared to a TL driver in the US is...
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Substantially higher

9. Name the types of trucking terminals
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St

10. The whole history of the US railroads is a history of...
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
484
Economies of scope and density
Consolidation

11. What was the golden age of railroads?
Substantially higher
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
1850-1950
563

12. What is the empirical formula of the typical coal unit train in the US?
100 cars x 100 tons
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%

13. 1 Barge ship is equivalent to how many trucks?
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Intermodal in character
58
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.

14. What are the highest variable costs in the railroad industry?
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
Labor and Fuel
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
Society and customer first.

15. What is the difference between TOFC and COFC service?
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties

16. What is the approximate share of fixed costs of US railroads?
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement
30%
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.

17. Which type of railroad cargo has the highest tonnage share in the US?
80 - 000 lbs
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
Coal

18. Name the 3 types of water carriers
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
563
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%

19. Types and shares of cost in railroads
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
Not the government - the railroads themselves

20. Flags of Convenience
58
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
Wyoming
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal

21. Starting from which cargo weight and movement distance does it normally make sense to ship by rail?
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
Intermodal in character

22. Certificate of origin
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.

23. _______ mode would be ideal for moving dry bulk - grains - petroleum - and certain manufactured products not prone to damage during transit
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
Water
15

24. 1 Barge is equivalent to how many tons?
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
1500 tons

25. 20/80 Rule
About 25 cents per dollar
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage

26. Labor relations in the US railroad industry?
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.

27. Highway weight limitation
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
80 - 000 lbs
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.

28. Survival Based pricing
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.

29. Consolidation
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!

30. Line of credit process

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31. Names of the Class 1 railroads?
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%

32. What is the difference between class 1 and class 2 carriers?
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
About 2 cents per dollar

33. Mistakes in pricing strategy
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.
NTSB
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
An agreement whereby one railroad pays a second carrier to transport its freight using the second carrier's crew and power equipment

34. Where does funding for the roads come from?
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
Highway user taxes
7%
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.

35. What is a road train?
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
A batching pig

36. What is an approximate capacity of a hopper?
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%
100 tons

37. Carrier's Operational strategies to minimize cost
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
Water

38. Drayage
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
58
Intermodal in character
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement

39. What are the major causes of general traffic congestions?
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation

40. Consular Invoice

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41. _____ mode is ideal for moving electronics - expensive items - flowers - or time sensitive materials such as organs
Air
Special Rates
Carloads and Ton-miles
Economies of scale

42. Commercial Invoice
Interior Non-port cities
A batching pig
Wyoming
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties

43. What are the types of railcars?
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).

44. Major commodities hauled by each mode
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
ton-miles
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
Economies of scope and density

45. Outsourcing
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
Terminal
Completely different continent - different time zones.

46. Four types of Liner Service
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Special Rates

47. Private Carrier
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
ton-miles
High price for price insensitive customers.
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)

48. The status of competition within the US railroad industry?
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment
Economies of scale
Moderate

49. Types of vehicles for trucking
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.

50. FOB Origin/Destination
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
563