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Transportation Logistics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Far-shoring
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage

2. Near-shoring
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.

3. Freight Revenue for Truck/Motor (per ton-mile)
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Gov't aid to develop air service - Gov't funding of highways - Construction of inland waterways - Growing preference of shippers for more frequent deliveries and smaller shipments
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
About 25 cents per dollar

4. UNCTAD liner code 40-40-20
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country

5. Highway weight limitation
80 - 000 lbs
15
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment

6. What aspects of the trucking industry is the US involved in?
Moderate
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
100 cars x 100 tons
83.8%

7. _____ mode is ideal for moving electronics - expensive items - flowers - or time sensitive materials such as organs
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
Covered Hopper
Air
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks

8. _______ mode would be ideal for moving dry bulk - grains - petroleum - and certain manufactured products not prone to damage during transit
Water
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
An agreement whereby one railroad pays a second carrier to transport its freight using the second carrier's crew and power equipment
Labor and Fuel

9. Value of Service pricing
Coal
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
Moderate
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses

10. Consular Invoice

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11. Skimming pricing
Economies of scope and density
NTSB
High price for price insensitive customers.
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.

12. The whole history of the US railroads is a history of...
Water
Consolidation
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad

13. LTL terminals are used for connections with these operations...
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%
Substantially higher
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
Showed a marked decline

14. What is the empirical formula of the typical coal unit train in the US?
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.
100 cars x 100 tons

15. What are the generally accepted classifications of railroads?
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad

16. The problem of driver shortage in the US...
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
High price for price insensitive customers.
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.

17. Carriers' Technological and Equipment strategies to minimize costs
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement

18. What are the revenues of the specialized and general cargo?
30%
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Water

19. Factors affecting Pricing decisions
Coal
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.

20. Which mode has the highest carrying capacity?
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Water
1500 tons
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer

21. Three kinds of ocean carriers
Completely different continent - different time zones.
100 tons
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
Labor and Fuel

22. What are the reasons for the relative decline of the US railroads after World War 2?
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
Covered Hopper
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart

23. Starting from which cargo weight and movement distance does it normally make sense to ship by rail?
Society and customer first.
250 - 000
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks

24. FOB Origin/Destination
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad

25. The current share of railroads in total transportation expenses is closest to...
7%
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.

26. Consolidation
7%
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!

27. Certificate of Inspection
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Seller asks buyer for l/c - buyer asks its bank to issue l/c - after approving buyer's credit line - buyer's bank notifies seller's bank it has issued l/c - seller's bank either adds confirmation or simply advises seller that l/c has been issued
About 2 cents per dollar

28. Labor relations in the US railroad industry?
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
484
Coal
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion

29. Carrier's Operational strategies to minimize cost
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
90-s
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
Economies of scope and density

30. What is a road train?
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer

31. Cost of Service Pricing
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
Wyoming
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.

32. What is Amtrak?
100 cars x 100 tons
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days

33. Pooling
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
58
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.

34. The average annual salary of a locomotive operator compared to a TL driver in the US is...
7
Substantially higher
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.

35. Micro Bridge
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
Moderate
Interior Non-port cities

36. 1 Barge is equivalent to how many tons?
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
After World War 2
1500 tons
1850-1950

37. What is the approximate number of railroads in the US?
1500 tons
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
563
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future

38. What companies are players in private carriage?
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
Water
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company

39. How to assess the operating ratio?
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
An agreement whereby one railroad pays a second carrier to transport its freight using the second carrier's crew and power equipment
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car

40. Dock receipt
30%
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
Water
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses

41. What is the primary railroad cargo out of Arkansas by tonnage?
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Not the government - the railroads themselves
Crushed stone - gravel and sand

42. Freight Revenue for Rail (per ton-mile)
About 2 cents per dollar
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it

43. Pricing adjustment conditions
Water
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative

44. Which government agency will investigate a major railroad accident involving public safety?
NTSB
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
A batching pig
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.

45. Flags of Convenience
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
Showed a marked decline
Water
100 tons

46. Non-vessel operating common carriers (NVOCC)
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.
A batching pig
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties

47. What are the types of railcars?
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
Moderate
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.

48. What is the truck driving time limitations?
Moderate
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
Labor and Fuel

49. Trackage

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50. It is common for an operating ratio of motor carriers to be around these numbers...
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
90-s
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
484