Test your basic knowledge |

Transportation Logistics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. UNCTAD liner code 40-40-20
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.

2. What is the difference between class 1 and class 2 carriers?
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container

3. 1 Barge ship is equivalent to how many trucks?
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
58

4. FOB Origin/Destination
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).

5. Value of Service pricing
58
A pumping station
7%
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses

6. The current share of railroads in total transportation expenses is closest to...
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.
7%
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion

7. Bill of Lading
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal

8. What are the characteristics of a block train?
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
83.8%
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion

9. What are the metrics to measure freight traffic in the motor carrier industry?
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
ton-miles

10. Consular Invoice

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

11. What is the approximate number of railroads in the US?
563
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran

12. 20/80 Rule
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
Substantially higher
Terminal
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage

13. Pooling
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.
100 tons
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses

14. Did the US railroads have anything to do with the creation of world time zones?
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
Yes
1500 tons
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration

15. What are the reasons for the relative decline of the US railroads after World War 2?
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
Intermodal in character
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.

16. Starting from which cargo weight and movement distance does it normally make sense to ship by rail?
30%
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
15%~13%

17. What is the rationale behind passing a federal act in 1956 to create a national system of interstate highways?
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Wyoming
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country

18. Commercial Invoice
100 cars x 100 tons
563
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
15

19. Stop-off
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
About 25 cents per dollar
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.
15

20. What is an approximate capacity of a hopper?
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Economies of scale
100 tons
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement

21. Dock receipt
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
563
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal

22. Trackage

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

23. Factors affecting Pricing decisions
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
An agreement whereby one railroad pays a second carrier to transport its freight using the second carrier's crew and power equipment
80 - 000 lbs

24. What is a road train?
90-s
80 - 000 lbs
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer

25. What term is related to railroad operations?
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
Covered Hopper
Wyoming
Pipeline and Rail

26. What do the users of truck service benefit?
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Terminal
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future

27. What is Amtrak?
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks

28. Ways to classify the motor carriers
15%~13%
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement

29. The status of competition within the US railroad industry?
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
7
Moderate
Coal

30. _______ mode would be ideal for moving dry bulk - grains - petroleum - and certain manufactured products not prone to damage during transit
Consolidation
Water
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight

31. Private Carrier
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt

32. What is the trend for the miles of road over the past 50 years in the US railroad industry?
Showed a marked decline
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track
100 tons
15

33. What factors lead to reduction of air pollution by trucks?
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city

34. Pricing adjustment conditions
90-s
Wyoming
Special Rates
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.

35. Which economies are present in the US railroad industry?
Society and customer first.
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Economies of scale

36. What is the approximate share of fixed costs of US railroads?
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
30%
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days

37. Micro Bridge
Interior Non-port cities
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
80 - 000 lbs

38. Names of the Class 1 railroads?
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Moderate
83.8%

39. What are the highest variable costs in the railroad industry?
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
Labor and Fuel
Pipeline and Rail
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track

40. What aspects of the trucking industry is the US involved in?
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit

41. Types and shares of cost in railroads
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods

42. What are the current trends in trucking?
90-s
Highway user taxes
Coal
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi

43. A barge tow is capable of moving how many barges?
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
15
Highway user taxes

44. What is the empirical formula of the typical coal unit train in the US?
Economies of scope and density
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
Not the government - the railroads themselves
100 cars x 100 tons

45. Mini Bridge
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
A pumping station
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight

46. Which type of railroad cargo has the highest tonnage share in the US?
Coal
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Gov't aid to develop air service - Gov't funding of highways - Construction of inland waterways - Growing preference of shippers for more frequent deliveries and smaller shipments
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes

47. What was the golden age of railroads?
1850-1950
A batching pig
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
90-s

48. Certificate of Inspection
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi

49. Main forms of Charter Ships
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
100 cars x 100 tons
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation

50. Major commodities hauled by each mode
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
58
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.