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Transportation Logistics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Name the types of trucking terminals
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
Consolidation
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.

2. Labor relations in the US railroad industry?
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads

3. How are interstate highways numbered?
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St

4. Consular Invoice

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5. What do the users of truck service benefit?
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Showed a marked decline
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
Society and customer first.

6. Intermodal Transportation
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.

7. A pumping station requires 3-6000HP to move oil through a pipeline. To move more than 1 grade at same time what do you use?
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
A batching pig

8. Non-vessel operating common carriers (NVOCC)
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement

9. Micro Bridge
Society and customer first.
Interior Non-port cities
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%

10. Types and shares of cost in railroads
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.
58
Water

11. Which economies are most prominent in the trucking industry?
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
Economies of scope and density
100 cars x 100 tons

12. Which government agency will investigate a major railroad accident involving public safety?
NTSB
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Society and customer first.
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran

13. How are airport hub/spoke and LTL breakbulk similar?
30%
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.

14. What factors lead to reduction of air pollution by trucks?
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion

15. What is the rationale behind passing a federal act in 1956 to create a national system of interstate highways?
ton-miles
Pipeline and Rail
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).

16. _____ mode is ideal for moving electronics - expensive items - flowers - or time sensitive materials such as organs
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
Interior Non-port cities
Air
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment

17. Freight Revenue for Rail (per ton-mile)
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
About 2 cents per dollar
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad

18. What companies are players in private carriage?
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Intermodal in character
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart

19. What are the characteristics of a block train?
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.

20. Value of Service pricing
Economies of scale
7%
Wyoming
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses

21. What are the two primary operational indicators in the railroad industry?
Carloads and Ton-miles
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.

22. Name the 3 types of water carriers
Showed a marked decline
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.

23. What is an approximate capacity of a hopper?
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
100 tons
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Economies of scope and density

24. Did the US railroads have anything to do with the creation of world time zones?
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%
Yes
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.

25. Types of vehicles for trucking
Air
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery

26. What is Amtrak?
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
15

27. Which Mode of Transportation has the highest volume in tonnage?
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF
Economies of scope and density

28. Who has the highest number of coal carloads?
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes
Wyoming

29. Which type of a railcar has the highest share in terms of its numbers in service in the US?
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
Covered Hopper
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating

30. 20/80 Rule
80 - 000 lbs
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future

31. The current share of railroads in total transportation expenses is closest to...
7%
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
An agreement whereby one railroad pays a second carrier to transport its freight using the second carrier's crew and power equipment

32. What is the current share of trucking in total transportation expenses is closest to...
80 - 000 lbs
58
83.8%
100 cars x 100 tons

33. Highway weight limitation
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
80 - 000 lbs
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination

34. Invoices
Coal
58
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice

35. UNCTAD liner code 40-40-20
Showed a marked decline
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.

36. Cost of Service Pricing
58
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.

37. The status of competition within the US railroad industry?
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
Moderate
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration

38. What are the generally accepted classifications of railroads?
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Yes
Society and customer first.

39. Three kinds of ocean carriers
Pipeline and Rail
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration

40. Which type of railroad cargo has the highest tonnage share in the US?
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Coal
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.

41. What was the rationale behind passing the Staggers Act of 1980?
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
80 - 000 lbs
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M

42. How to assess the operating ratio?
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes

43. Which phrase best characterizes the level of competition in the motor carrier industry?
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
Coal

44. How does the US railroad industry compete with other modes?
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
Showed a marked decline
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.

45. 1 Barge ship is equivalent to how many trucks?
250 - 000
A batching pig
58
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.

46. What is a public benefit of railroads?
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative

47. What are the service and public benefits of the railroad industry?

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48. Price variation factors in airline service
83.8%
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days

49. The average annual salary of a locomotive operator compared to a TL driver in the US is...
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments
Substantially higher
Covered Hopper
ton-miles

50. At about what time did trucking become the predominant mode of transportation in the US by gradually surpassing the railroads in terms of tonnage and revenues?
After World War 2
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments