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Transportation Logistics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Line of credit process

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2. Skimming pricing
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
High price for price insensitive customers.

3. What is Amtrak?
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
After World War 2
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks

4. What are the generally accepted classifications of railroads?
Gov't aid to develop air service - Gov't funding of highways - Construction of inland waterways - Growing preference of shippers for more frequent deliveries and smaller shipments
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal

5. How are airport hub/spoke and LTL breakbulk similar?
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
About 2 cents per dollar
Coal

6. How many Class 1 freight railroads are there?
1850-1950
7
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
250 - 000

7. What terms describe a type of operation in trucking?
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Economies of scope and density
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook

8. Main forms of Charter Ships
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
90-s
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.

9. Labor relations in the US railroad industry?
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
83.8%

10. A pumping station requires 3-6000HP to move oil through a pipeline. To move more than 1 grade at same time what do you use?
Carloads and Ton-miles
A batching pig
Covered Hopper
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%

11. What is the rationale behind passing a federal act in 1956 to create a national system of interstate highways?
484
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
80 - 000 lbs
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country

12. Factors contributing to the decline of Railroad use
Seller asks buyer for l/c - buyer asks its bank to issue l/c - after approving buyer's credit line - buyer's bank notifies seller's bank it has issued l/c - seller's bank either adds confirmation or simply advises seller that l/c has been issued
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
Covered Hopper

13. What companies are players in private carriage?
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Coal
250 - 000
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)

14. What were the reasons for the erosion of the railroad dominance in transportation in the US?

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15. Certificate of Inspection
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company

16. What is a road train?
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Moderate
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer

17. What was the rationale behind passing the Staggers Act of 1980?
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
Moderate

18. Which phrase best characterizes the level of competition in the motor carrier industry?
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel

19. Who has the highest number of coal carloads?
Wyoming
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses

20. What are the revenues of the specialized and general cargo?
Economies of scale
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.

21. Names of the Class 1 railroads?
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad

22. It is common for an operating ratio of motor carriers to be around these numbers...
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
30%
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
90-s

23. What could be the rationale for railroad mergers?

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24. Four types of Liner Service
15
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal

25. Commercial Invoice
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
Crushed stone - gravel and sand
Not the government - the railroads themselves
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties

26. What is the primary railroad cargo out of Arkansas by tonnage?
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Wyoming
Crushed stone - gravel and sand

27. What is the trend for the miles of road over the past 50 years in the US railroad industry?
Showed a marked decline
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
Pipeline and Rail
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.

28. Government is involved in which aspects of the railroad business?
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Seller asks buyer for l/c - buyer asks its bank to issue l/c - after approving buyer's credit line - buyer's bank notifies seller's bank it has issued l/c - seller's bank either adds confirmation or simply advises seller that l/c has been issued
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration

29. How to assess the operating ratio?
Gov't aid to develop air service - Gov't funding of highways - Construction of inland waterways - Growing preference of shippers for more frequent deliveries and smaller shipments
Carloads and Ton-miles
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
1500 tons

30. Benefits of hub and spoke system
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
A batching pig
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2

31. Certificate of origin
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination
An agreement whereby one railroad pays a second carrier to transport its freight using the second carrier's crew and power equipment

32. Far-shoring
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
Completely different continent - different time zones.

33. What do the users of truck service benefit?
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Water
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes

34. Core Carrier concept
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
Interior Non-port cities
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation

35. Which mode has the lowest cost per ton mile?
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.

36. Which type of a railcar has the highest share in terms of its numbers in service in the US?
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
Covered Hopper
About 2 cents per dollar

37. What was the golden age of railroads?
1850-1950
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
An agreement whereby one railroad pays a second carrier to transport its freight using the second carrier's crew and power equipment
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion

38. Starting from which cargo weight and movement distance does it normally make sense to ship by rail?
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal

39. Dock receipt
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight

40. LTL terminals are used for connections with these operations...
484
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating

41. Haulage

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42. What is the current share of trucking in total transportation expenses is closest to...
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
83.8%
Interior Non-port cities

43. What must be used in intervals when transporting pulverized coal mixed with water at long distances?
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Consolidation
A pumping station

44. What is the empirical formula of the typical coal unit train in the US?
100 cars x 100 tons
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
15%~13%
A pumping station

45. _____ mode is ideal for moving electronics - expensive items - flowers - or time sensitive materials such as organs
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
Air

46. Flags of Convenience
Society and customer first.
15
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.

47. A barge tow is capable of moving how many barges?
7%
15
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
Wyoming

48. Third Party Logistics
About 2 cents per dollar
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...

49. Which mode has the highest carrying capacity?
Society and customer first.
100 tons
Water
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.

50. What is the difference between class 1 and class 2 carriers?
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
Society and customer first.
High price for price insensitive customers.