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Transportation Logistics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the approximate number of railroads in the US?
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
563
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days

2. Which mode has the lowest cost per ton mile?
Economies of scale
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.

3. Who has the highest number of coal carloads?
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
Wyoming
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight

4. What aspects of the trucking industry is the US involved in?
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
NTSB
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks

5. Which phrase best characterizes the level of competition in the motor carrier industry?
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
563
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments

6. Certificate of Inspection
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
83.8%
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
Terminal

7. Main forms of Charter Ships
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation

8. What commodity/goods are typically transported by railroads in the US?
563
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment

9. Offshoring
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.

10. Land Bridge Services
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Coal
Intermodal in character
Covered Hopper

11. Labor relations in the US railroad industry?
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Not the government - the railroads themselves

12. Dock receipt
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation

13. Freight Revenue for Rail (per ton-mile)
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St
Gov't aid to develop air service - Gov't funding of highways - Construction of inland waterways - Growing preference of shippers for more frequent deliveries and smaller shipments
About 2 cents per dollar

14. What are the issues facing the US railroads?
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
1850-1950

15. What must be used in intervals when transporting pulverized coal mixed with water at long distances?
A pumping station
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative

16. Freight revenue for Modes (per ton-mile)
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%

17. Private Carrier
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
15%~13%
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks

18. How are airport hub/spoke and LTL breakbulk similar?
A pumping station
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.

19. What is the empirical formula of the typical coal unit train in the US?
100 tons
The number of unions and the degree of their involvement in operations and labor management contributes to inefficiencies of the railroads
100 cars x 100 tons
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St

20. What is the primary railroad cargo out of Arkansas by tonnage?
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
Completely different continent - different time zones.
80 - 000 lbs
Crushed stone - gravel and sand

21. What are the current trends in trucking?
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF

22. Which US federal government agency enforces safety regulations for railroads?
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.

23. Mini Bridge
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.

24. Terms of Payment
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard

25. Which modes have the following cost structure: Low Variable and High Fixed?
Seller asks buyer for l/c - buyer asks its bank to issue l/c - after approving buyer's credit line - buyer's bank notifies seller's bank it has issued l/c - seller's bank either adds confirmation or simply advises seller that l/c has been issued
Pipeline and Rail
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track

26. Drayage
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment

27. Name the 3 types of water carriers
250 - 000
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal

28. What is the current share of trucking in total transportation expenses is closest to...
83.8%
Water
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
58

29. Which economies are present in the US railroad industry?
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
Economies of scale

30. Four types of Liner Service
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).
Water
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.

31. Factors affecting Pricing decisions
Water
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.
1500 tons

32. Service competition areas in airline industry
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)

33. Value of Service pricing
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
Moderate
Highway user taxes
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks

34. Benefits of hub and spoke system
484
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.

35. Names of the Class 1 railroads?
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
Society and customer first.
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage

36. What is the difference between class 1 and class 2 carriers?
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
High price for price insensitive customers.
NTSB

37. Consular Invoice

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38. Which economies are most prominent in the trucking industry?
Economies of scope and density
Pipeline and Rail
Water
Yes

39. Which government agency will investigate a major railroad accident involving public safety?
NTSB
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
83.8%
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.

40. Near-shoring
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
100 tons
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.

41. The problem of driver shortage in the US...
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
484
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).

42. Third Party Logistics
Moderate
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
Interior Non-port cities
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery

43. Class Rate Calculations
83.8%
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.

44. What terms describe a type of operation in trucking?
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
1850-1950
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C

45. Invoices
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
About 25 cents per dollar
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods

46. Highway weight limitation
250 - 000
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
80 - 000 lbs
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container

47. _______ mode would be ideal for moving dry bulk - grains - petroleum - and certain manufactured products not prone to damage during transit
80 - 000 lbs
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
Water

48. What is a road train?
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
After World War 2
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.

49. What factors lead to reduction of air pollution by trucks?
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
Consolidation
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
58

50. Pooling
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.
83.8%
Society and customer first.
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.