Transportation Logistics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the trend for the miles of road over the past 50 years in the US railroad industry?
Interior Non-port cities
Showed a marked decline
58
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.


2. What were the reasons for the erosion of the railroad dominance in transportation in the US?

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3. Types of vehicles for trucking
484
15
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
100 tons


4. What is the difference between class 1 and class 2 carriers?
Consolidation
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M


5. What are the characteristics of a block train?
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.
Priority service schedule - often empty backhaul - often cars owned by the shipper - and direct movement from origin to destination
Water
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.


6. Bill of Lading
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt


7. Drayage
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.


8. How many Class 1 freight railroads are there?
An agreement whereby one railroad pays a second carrier to transport its freight using the second carrier's crew and power equipment
7
Special Rates
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.


9. What is the empirical formula of the typical coal unit train in the US?
100 cars x 100 tons
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
Showed a marked decline
About 25 cents per dollar


10. Three kinds of ocean carriers
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
100 tons
58


11. Micro Bridge
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Interior Non-port cities
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.


12. Pricing adjustment conditions
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
1850-1950
About 2 cents per dollar
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.


13. A barge tow is capable of moving how many barges?
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF
15
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future


14. Which mode has the lowest cost per ton mile?
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.


15. What aspects of the trucking industry is the US involved in?
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart


16. Which phrase best characterizes the level of competition in the motor carrier industry?
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
7
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track


17. What are the highest variable costs in the railroad industry?
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Labor and Fuel
Moderate


18. What is an approximate capacity of a hopper?
100 tons
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.


19. Value of Service pricing
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses


20. 1 Barge ship is equivalent to how many trucks?
A pumping station
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
58


21. What are the reasons for the relative decline of the US railroads after World War 2?
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration


22. Certificate of Inspection
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
250 - 000
15


23. Line of credit process

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24. Invoices
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
83.8%
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration


25. Types and shares of cost in railroads
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
A batching pig
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments


26. Pooling
30%
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
After World War 2


27. Commercial Invoice
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Water
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.


28. How does the US railroad industry compete with other modes?
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks


29. The status of competition within the US railroad industry?
Crushed stone - gravel and sand
Moderate
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Gov't aid to develop air service - Gov't funding of highways - Construction of inland waterways - Growing preference of shippers for more frequent deliveries and smaller shipments


30. What are the service and public benefits of the railroad industry?

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31. Although the Interstate Highway System accounts for about 1% of total public road mileage - it carries...
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal


32. Class Rate Calculations
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
Coal
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.


33. What are the current trends in the US railroad?
Society and customer first.
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car


34. Trackage

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35. Certificate of origin
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.


36. Service competition areas in airline industry
15
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St


37. Did the US railroads have anything to do with the creation of world time zones?
Yes
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Not the government - the railroads themselves
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions


38. Haulage

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39. Main forms of Charter Ships
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
Interior Non-port cities


40. What term is related to railroad operations?
30%
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage


41. What is the difference between TOFC and COFC service?
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Air


42. At about what time did trucking become the predominant mode of transportation in the US by gradually surpassing the railroads in terms of tonnage and revenues?
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Water
After World War 2


43. The whole history of the US railroads is a history of...
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
Consolidation


44. UNCTAD liner code 40-40-20
Water
Consolidation
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.


45. What is the current share of trucking in total transportation expenses is closest to...
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
83.8%
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.


46. What could be the rationale for railroad mergers?

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47. Starting from which cargo weight and movement distance does it normally make sense to ship by rail?
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
30 - 000 lbs and 300 miles
100 cars x 100 tons
484


48. How are interstate highways numbered?
58
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
Special Rates
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart


49. How to assess the operating ratio?
Crushed stone - gravel and sand
80 - 000 lbs
15
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues


50. What was the rationale behind passing the Staggers Act of 1980?
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing