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Transportation Logistics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What terms describe a type of operation in trucking?
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
Economies of scale
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special

2. A barge tow is capable of moving how many barges?
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
15
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties

3. Major commodities hauled by each mode
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
1500 tons
Terminal

4. What aspects of the trucking industry is the US involved in?
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.

5. What is the current share of trucking in total transportation expenses is closest to...
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
83.8%
Pipeline and Rail

6. What are the highest variable costs in the railroad industry?
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Labor and Fuel
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor

7. Invoices
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice

8. Pro-Forma Invoice
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
Covered Hopper
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.

9. What are the types of railcars?
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.

10. Class Rate Calculations
After World War 2
563
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment

11. The whole history of the US railroads is a history of...
30%
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi
Consolidation
Moderate

12. Name the 3 types of water carriers
83.8%
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
Completely different continent - different time zones.

13. Names of the Class 1 railroads?
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
250 - 000
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.

14. Trackage

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15. How many Class 1 freight railroads are there?
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
7
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.

16. Freight Revenue for Rail (per ton-mile)
About 2 cents per dollar
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
83.8%
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment

17. What could be the rationale for railroad mergers?

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18. Outsourcing
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Covered Hopper
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor

19. The average annual salary of a locomotive operator compared to a TL driver in the US is...
80 - 000 lbs
Society and customer first.
Substantially higher
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative

20. Freight revenue for Modes (per ton-mile)
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
Coal
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal

21. Core Carrier concept
Society and customer first.
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2

22. UNCTAD liner code 40-40-20
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it

23. The status of competition within the US railroad industry?
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
83.8%
Moderate
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track

24. Factors affecting Pricing decisions
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.
Yes
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.

25. Main forms of Charter Ships
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation

26. What is the approximate number of railroads in the US?
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
563
ton-miles
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad

27. Name the types of trucking terminals
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.
Air
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.

28. Bill of Lading
Gov't aid to develop air service - Gov't funding of highways - Construction of inland waterways - Growing preference of shippers for more frequent deliveries and smaller shipments
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track
A contract for transportation between a shipper and the carrier - also is a cargo receipt
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days

29. Pooling
7%
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track
Consolidation of shipments to different destinations within the same general area.
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel

30. What are the generally accepted classifications of railroads?
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
Class 1 - Regional - Shortline - Switching and Terminal
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...

31. What is the truck driving time limitations?
Water
250 - 000
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.

32. What are the reasons for the relative decline of the US railroads after World War 2?
Wyoming
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion

33. Micro Bridge
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
Substantially higher
Interior Non-port cities

34. Where does funding for the roads come from?
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
Highway user taxes

35. LTL terminals are used for connections with these operations...
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments
Coal
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating

36. Did the US railroads have anything to do with the creation of world time zones?
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
Yes

37. Terms of Payment
Terminal
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard

38. Price variation factors in airline service
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
Consolidation
1500 tons

39. Private Carrier
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
Seller asks buyer for l/c - buyer asks its bank to issue l/c - after approving buyer's credit line - buyer's bank notifies seller's bank it has issued l/c - seller's bank either adds confirmation or simply advises seller that l/c has been issued
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating

40. What are the service and public benefits of the railroad industry?

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41. It is common for an operating ratio of motor carriers to be around these numbers...
90-s
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer

42. Ways to classify the motor carriers
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
Economies of scale
Substantially higher
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track

43. Benefits of hub and spoke system
1500 tons
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
Substantially higher

44. Commercial Invoice
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
Society and customer first.
Interior Non-port cities
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi

45. What companies are players in private carriage?
To promote interstate commerce and strengthen the defenses of the country
Sysco - Tyson Foods - Coca-Cola - and Walmart
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes
Covered Hopper

46. What is the difference between TOFC and COFC service?
Economies of scale
90-s
58
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container

47. Which mode has the highest carrying capacity?
15%~13%
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
Water

48. Which type of railroad cargo has the highest tonnage share in the US?
Coal
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
563
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.

49. Which economies are most prominent in the trucking industry?
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
563
Economies of scope and density
Economies of scale

50. What are the revenues of the specialized and general cargo?
Expanding capacity to benefit from large volume traffic efficiencies and economies of scale - Strengthening financial position and eliminating duplication through side-by-side mergers - Ensuring fair intramodal competition through 'soft' mergers - St
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
Consolidation
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion