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Transportation Logistics

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Stop-off
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
1500 tons

2. Three kinds of ocean carriers
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it

3. What are the types of railcars?
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Boxcar - Hopper Car - Covered Hopper - Flatcar - Gondola - Tank Car
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard

4. Freight Revenue for Rail (per ton-mile)
Connect buyer and seller- Use of outside firms (outsourcing) to provide own logistics support. Firms: Info-based... freight bill payment - auditing. Asset and operation-based: in/outbound transportation - warehousing...
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
About 2 cents per dollar
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days

5. Value of Service pricing
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
58
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2

6. What is the approximate number of railroads in the US?
563
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Water

7. Pro-Forma Invoice
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
About 2 cents per dollar

8. What factors lead to reduction of air pollution by trucks?
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M

9. Flags of Convenience
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days

10. Near-shoring
Coal
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.

11. Social Responsibility pricing
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)
Society and customer first.
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future

12. Land Bridge Services
100 cars x 100 tons
Intermodal in character
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues

13. Names of the Class 1 railroads?
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Completely different continent - different time zones.

14. Price variation factors in airline service
Service levels - Frequent flyer programs - Timing of flights - In advance registration
Yes
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%

15. _____ mode is ideal for moving electronics - expensive items - flowers - or time sensitive materials such as organs
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
Air
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged

16. Did the US railroads have anything to do with the creation of world time zones?
Yes
A pumping station
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
Showed a marked decline

17. Unit trains
90-s
Carloads and Ton-miles
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
80 - 000 lbs

18. What are the two primary operational indicators in the railroad industry?
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
Carloads and Ton-miles

19. Which economies are most prominent in the trucking industry?
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
Economies of scope and density

20. Dock receipt
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
Labor and Fuel

21. Major commodities hauled by each mode
Motor: HH Goods - Heavy Machinery - Petroleum Products - Dump Trucking - Ag Commodities - Motor Vehicles - Retail Store Delivery
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
A pumping station
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives

22. What is a typical fixed cost item in the motor carrier industry?
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
Terminal
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
After World War 2

23. Highway weight limitation
Wyoming
80 - 000 lbs
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.

24. What are the service and public benefits of the railroad industry?

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25. Terms of Payment
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
Consolidation
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery

26. What terms describe a type of operation in trucking?
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
Consolidation
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook

27. What are the metrics to measure freight traffic in the motor carrier industry?
ton-miles
Labor and Fuel
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas

28. Mistakes in pricing strategy
30%
Terminal
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.

29. What aspects of the trucking industry is the US involved in?
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%
Covered Hopper
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
About 2 cents per dollar

30. What is a road train?
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
High price for price insensitive customers.
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
Society and customer first.

31. Government is involved in which aspects of the railroad business?
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Water
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
Amtrak is a US government business since 1971 - created to ease the burden on private railroads by taking over money-locing passenger transportation in exchange for the right to operate Amtrak trains over their networks

32. 20/80 Rule
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C
Less than 25 carriers handle 75 to 80% of total freight dollar.
Amenities/Accommodations - Direct flights to destination without layovers - More personal space in flight - In flight service personnel - No frills types of service (no perks)

33. Freight revenue for Modes (per ton-mile)
Society and customer first.
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Air carrier: highest at 80.4% - Truck: 26.6% - Rail:2.24% - Barge Ship: .72% - Oil Pipeline: 1.47%
Pricing according to product value or demand - higher value of the product - the higher the transportation price (risk of loss/damage..). Third Degree price discrimination: separate price for separate groups of buyers with same service. Must posses

34. Name the 3 types of water carriers
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi
High price for price insensitive customers.
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal

35. In terms of tonnage moved by the whole US transportation - the share of railroads is close to this rounded number...
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice
15%~13%
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
Highway user taxes

36. The problem of driver shortage in the US...
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
Labor and Fuel
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing

37. Line of credit process

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38. Categories of major pricing decisions
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
Water
Move 1 single commodity and are non-stop to destination.
Commercial Invoice - Pro-Forma Invoice - Consular Invoice

39. What is the truck driving time limitations?
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi
Moving to neighboring country - NAFTA - because the places may have close cultural affinity.
1500 tons
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days

40. Ways to classify the motor carriers
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C

41. Micro Bridge
Interior Non-port cities
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
Intermodal in character

42. Four types of Liner Service
Showed a marked decline
Terminal
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor
Break bulk - Container service - LASH service (lighter aboard ship) - RORO service (roll on/off ship).

43. Core Carrier concept
83.8%
After World War 2
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal

44. Survival Based pricing
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Declaration of where product was made so that appropriate duties are charged
250 - 000
Terminal

45. A pumping station requires 3-6000HP to move oil through a pipeline. To move more than 1 grade at same time what do you use?
A batching pig
Seller asks buyer for l/c - buyer asks its bank to issue l/c - after approving buyer's credit line - buyer's bank notifies seller's bank it has issued l/c - seller's bank either adds confirmation or simply advises seller that l/c has been issued
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
The closer the operating ratio is to 100 - the more indicative of the possible need to raise rates to increase total revenues

46. 1 Barge ship is equivalent to how many trucks?
58
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
After World War 2

47. What are the LTL carriers?
80 - 000 lbs
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
15%~13%
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF

48. Intermodal Transportation
40% each to trade partners & 20% to 3rd world country to develop 3rd world ocean shipping industry - it happened to be inefficient.
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas

49. Class Rate Calculations
NTSB
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
90-s

50. 1. Character of shipment rates: LTL/TL rates - multiple-car rates - incentive rates - unit train rates - density rates... 2. Area - location or route rates: Local rates - joint rates - proportional rates - differential rates - per mile rate.
100 cars x 100 tons
Gov't aid to develop air service - Gov't funding of highways - Construction of inland waterways - Growing preference of shippers for more frequent deliveries and smaller shipments
Special Rates
Showed a marked decline

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Transportation Logistics

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