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Transportation Logistics

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Examples of general freight
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
Cargo can fit in an enclosed van trailer - Food - consumer staples - manufactured goods
Yes
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi

2. Name the types of trucking terminals
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
Alcoholism in the workplace - Challenges of implementing new technology - Need to increase customer service - Challenges of growing intermodal service
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas

3. Commercial Invoice
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
484
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
Accompanies shipment - Bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer - Often used by government to determine the true value of goods when assessing customs duties

4. Main forms of Charter Ships
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
High price for price insensitive customers.
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation

5. What are the current trends in the US railroad?
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives
Water
NTSB
With both - there are intermediary stops in between a route that serve as loading/consolidating or unloading of passengers/goods and then they are moved on to their final destinations.

6. What term is related to railroad operations?
Odd numbers: North to South highways - increase from west to east - Even numbers: East to West highways - increase from south to north
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage
Coal - farm products - chemicals - transportation equipment
A batching pig

7. Name the 3 types of water carriers
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company
Showed a marked decline
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).

8. Land Bridge Services
Slip-Seating - Bob-Tailing - Hub-And-Spoke System - Drop-and-Hook
Intermodal in character
A trucking operation that only hauls freight for the firm which owns it
Large carrying capacity - versatility of cargo - reduced pollution due to higher fuel efficiency compared to trucking - coast-to-coast 'land bridge' with shorter total transit sea+land times for prevailing import container routes

9. Although the Interstate Highway System accounts for about 1% of total public road mileage - it carries...
anywhere between a quarter and a third of all highway travel
90-s
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
Consolidation

10. Micro Bridge
Increased use of technology - Gradual increase in the number of smaller railroads - Increase in intermodal shipments - Sharp growth in fuel efficiency of locomotives
Transfers accountability between domestic and international carrier at the terminal
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
Interior Non-port cities

11. What is an approximate capacity of a hopper?
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
80 - 000 lbs
NTSB
100 tons

12. Trackage

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13. Skimming pricing
High price for price insensitive customers.
Continuous straight line movement - minimize intermediate handlings - maximize the full capacity of equipment - consolidation and break-bulk activities - empty mileage should be minimized - movement should be scheduled and dispatched.
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal

14. How does the US railroad industry compete with other modes?
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
Main penalty is the cost of lost of sales by holding the shipment.
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track

15. What is the approximate share of fixed costs of US railroads?
Coastal/Intercoastal - Great Lakes - Internal
30%
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
Covered Hopper

16. What are the service and public benefits of the railroad industry?

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17. What aspects of the trucking industry is the US involved in?
Specialized: $73 Billion - General: $146 Billion
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
An agreement whereby one railroad pays another for the right to operate its trains over the second carrier's track

18. Which mode has the lowest cost per ton mile?
Intermodal in character
Water (Barge Ships) at 0.72 per ton mile. The second lowest is Rail at 2.24 cents per ton mile.
Break bulk - Relay - Pick up - Delivery
15%~13%

19. Outsourcing
An agreement whereby one railroad pays a second carrier to transport its freight using the second carrier's crew and power equipment
Highway user taxes
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor

20. Line of credit process

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21. A barge tow is capable of moving how many barges?
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
15
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
Attests to authenticity and accuracy of the goods. Performs by third party independent company

22. What is the truck driving time limitations?
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
11 hours straight or anything beyond 70 hours in 8 days
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).
Use of low-sulfur diesel fuel - Use of biodiesel fuel - Cutting down on idling - Reducing traffic congestion

23. _______ mode would be ideal for moving dry bulk - grains - petroleum - and certain manufactured products not prone to damage during transit
Terminal
Water
Not the government - the railroads themselves
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.

24. Benefits of hub and spoke system
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
Maximize the utilization of equipment - increase the efficiency of equipment operations - save transit time and operational costs.
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Used for tax - manning - and relaxed regulation.

25. Categories of major pricing decisions
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
15%~13%
Crushed stone - gravel and sand
Free on Board- Origin (seller pays shipping costs); Destination (Buyer pays).

26. Pro-Forma Invoice
A batching pig
Is likely to stay and even get worse in the future
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Not an invoice but a quote. must be carefully written to avoid discrepancies w/ L of C

27. The number of for-hire motor carriers in the US currently falls somewhere in the middle of this range...
Reduced highway congestion - damage and pollution as a result of replacing trucks as an alternative
250 - 000
100 tons
Covered Hopper

28. 1 Barge ship is equivalent to how many trucks?
One method moves the trailer on its wheels while the other moves the container
58
Substantially higher
Moving a corporations internal activities to outside providers - mainly for cheap labor

29. What are the current trends in trucking?
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight
Increased use of technology - Shorter length of haul - Growth of intermodal - Expected increase in rates due to expected capacity shortage - Convergence of LTL market with traditional integrators - Expanded menu of services - Active government lobbyi
Truck safety requirements - Driver hours of service - User fee charges - Reduction of pollution from trucks
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.

30. Terms of Payment
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways
Economies of scope and density
Water
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard

31. At about what time did trucking become the predominant mode of transportation in the US by gradually surpassing the railroads in terms of tonnage and revenues?
Transfer of function to another country - can stay within the same company!
Intermodal in character
Coal
After World War 2

32. LTL terminals are used for connections with these operations...
The intermodal competition has increased dramatically since WW 2
Pricing according to cost incurred to serve - Customer covers all costs - seller sets prices to maximize profits.
Break Bulk - Pickup and Delivery - Line Haul - Slip-Seating
Switching - Piggybacking - Double-Stacking - Car-Loading - Trackage - Haulage - Drayage - Demurrage

33. Government is involved in which aspects of the railroad business?
Safety regulations - Evaluating fairness of disputed charged rates - Monitoring profitability of railroads - and Mergers and acquisitions
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement
High price for price insensitive customers.
Bottlenecks - Traffic accidents - Major snowfalls - Projects to improve existing highways

34. What are the LTL carriers?
Act as a consolidator and domestic freight forwarder - inbound/outbound container arrangement
Society and customer first.
After World War 2
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF

35. Mistakes in pricing strategy
The use of two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination. -Malcom McLean first move freight by truck and rail in 1950.
FedEx - YRC - Conway - UPS - ABF
83.8%
Over reliance on costs - slow reaction to market changes - ignoring marketing mix - prices not tailored to services and markets - need to price according to strategic plan.

36. Survival Based pricing
Carloads and Ton-miles
Covering variable costs - volume and equipment utilization - and cash flow.
Containers moving between Far East & Europe via ship - rail - ship instead of all water through Panama Canal - Use continent U.S. as bridge (move by train) - Save Transit time - fuel - & Liner ship investment
Coal

37. Names of the Class 1 railroads?
30%
Discounts: reduction from published price. Volume: TL vs LTL - Seasonal - Cash 2/10 net 30 - Geographical- FOB origin/destination - Uniform delivered pricing: zone pricing.
BNSF - CSX Transportation - Kansas City Southern Railway - Grand Truck Corporation - Norfolk Southern - Union Pacific Railroad - Soo Line Railroad
Motor/Truck - around 69-70% - Revenue % for Rail: 5.6%

38. Types and shares of cost in railroads
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
Fixed Costs: 30% - Semi-Variable Costs: 40% - Variable Costs: Labor and Gas
Cash in advance - Letter of Credit - Documentary collection - Open account - TradeCard

39. Which phrase best characterizes the level of competition in the motor carrier industry?
15
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran
Intermodal in character
The competition is intense in both TL and LTL segments

40. What is the empirical formula of the typical coal unit train in the US?
Water
Commercial invoice printed on stationery of importing country's consulate and stamped by consulate.
15
100 cars x 100 tons

41. Freight Revenue for Rail (per ton-mile)
About 2 cents per dollar
Yes
Provides rate for any commodity between any two points 1) Geogrphic: rate basis points and numbers 2) Commodity: commodity classification - class ratings 3) Rate structure: national scale of rates - cwt-based.
1500 tons

42. Carriers' Technological and Equipment strategies to minimize costs
563
Few carriers handle more than 25% of total shipment - service disruptions problems if cease operation.
Maximize the operational time of equipment - fuel efficient speeds - vahicle weight should be minimized - standardized equipment - equipment should be adapted to special market and commodity requirements.
Completely different continent - different time zones.

43. Stop-off
Air
(Trucking) Class 1: income > $10M - Class 2: $3M<income<$10M
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
Consolidate orders for several customers and stop along the way for partial unloading.

44. Factors contributing to the decline of Railroad use
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
Moderate
The development of the highway system - Limited access points - Long transit times - Safety of cargo during transit
Carloads and Ton-miles

45. What is a road train?
1500 tons
A longer combination vehicle towing more than one trailer
A pumping station
Accessibility - Speed - Universal Connector - Reliability - Frequency - Lower Loss and Damage Rates - Lower Inventory levels due to smaller shipments than other modes

46. Drayage
The pickup and delivery of trailers and containers in conjunction with a line-haul rail movement
Far east to east coast or Europe to west coast - final destination is US port city
1. Setting prices on new services- consider cost and market elasticity; no precedent 2. Modification of prices over time- respond to market/operating/service changes 3. Initiating and responding to price changes- impact on market share and profits.
An agreement whereby one railroad pays a second carrier to transport its freight using the second carrier's crew and power equipment

47. Who has the highest number of coal carloads?
Wyoming
Market Forces (customers) - Governmental Controls - Other channel member - Competition.
A pumping station
The trends in supply chain management called for faster and more frequent services and smaller inventories - so many shippers preferred trucks - - The newly built system of inland waterways swayed cost-conscious shippers to less expensive barge tran

48. What was the rationale behind passing the Staggers Act of 1980?
Line-Haul Vehicles: Tractor Trailer combination of 3 or more axles - City Straight Vehicles: Single Units - Special Vehicles: Dry Van - Open Top - Flatbed - Tank Trailer - Special
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
58
LTL vs TL - Local vs Intercity Carriers - Publicly owned vs Privately owned - Specialized vs general freight

49. Which economies are most prominent in the trucking industry?
To save the railroads by giving them a chance to compete with other modes on equal footing
Completely different continent - different time zones.
Voyage: Time - Bareboat or demise Voyage: Similar to taxi - ship owner - responsibility for crews & operation Time: Rent Vessel & crew for period of time Bareboat/Demise: Long period - chartering party responsibility for crews & operation
Economies of scope and density

50. Three kinds of ocean carriers
100 cars x 100 tons
Water
Liner Shipping- ply fixed routes on published schedule - Tramp Shipping- charter ships - lease based on time or voyage - Private Vessels- ship registry; flags of convenience for regulations.
Labor and Fuel