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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






2. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






3. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






4. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






5. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






6. Indicates recent MI






7. Radius to the 4th power






8. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






9. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






10. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






11. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






12. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






13. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






14. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






15. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






16. Resting potential due to high K permeability






17. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






18. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






19. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






20. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






21. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






22. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






23. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






24. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






25. 3rd degree






26. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






27. 4th rib at left sternal border






28. Pull fluid out of capillary






29. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






30. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






31. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






32. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






33. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






34. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






35. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






36. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






37. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






38. Prolonged PR interval






39. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






40. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






41. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






42. Pulls fluid into capillary






43. Pushes fluid out of capillary






44. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






45. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






46. Pushes fluid into capillary






47. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






48. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






49. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






50. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)