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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Resting potential due to high K permeability






2. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






3. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






4. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






5. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






6. Pushes fluid out of capillary






7. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






8. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






9. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






10. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






11. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






12. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






13. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






14. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






15. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






16. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






17. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






18. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






19. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






20. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






21. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






22. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






23. 4th rib at left sternal border






24. Radius to the 4th power






25. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






26. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






27. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






28. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






29. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






30. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






31. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






32. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






33. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






34. Pushes fluid into capillary






35. 3rd degree






36. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






37. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






38. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






39. Prolonged PR interval






40. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






41. Pulls fluid into capillary






42. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






43. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






44. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






45. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






46. Indicates recent MI






47. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






48. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






49. Pull fluid out of capillary






50. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy