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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 3rd degree
Normal S2 splitting
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Paradoxical S2 splitting
2. Pull fluid out of capillary
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Patent ductus arteriosus
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
3. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
1st degree AV block on EKG
4. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)
Auscultation location of mitral area
Mitral Regurgitation
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
S1
5. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)
Phase 2 of nodal AP
T wave inversion on EKG
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
6. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
U wave on EKG
Wide S2 splitting
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
7. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
T wave inversion on EKG
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
8. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation
Mitral stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
Aortic Stenosis
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
9. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes
A fib on EKG
S2
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Resistance is directly proportional to...
10. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)
Ventricular septal defect
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Patent ductus arteriosus
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
11. 4th rib at left sternal border
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Auscultation location of aortic area
S1
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
12. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)
Net filtration pressure
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Fick principle
Aortic Stenosis
13. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)
Aortic Stenosis
S4
Tricuspid Regurgitation
T wave inversion on EKG
14. Prolonged PR interval
S4
Normal S2 splitting
1st degree AV block on EKG
Fick principle
15. Radius to the 4th power
S3
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
16. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Aortic regurgitation
A flutter on EKG
17. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex
Net filtration pressure
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Wide S2 splitting
18. Indicates recent MI
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
T wave inversion on EKG
Net filtration pressure
A flutter on EKG
19. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure
Mitral Regurgitation
Auscultation location of aortic area
S2
S1
20. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
3rd degree complete AV block
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Mitral stenosis
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
21. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border
Mitral stenosis
U wave on EKG
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
22. Resting potential due to high K permeability
Aortic Stenosis
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Mitral prolapse
S2
23. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Phase 0 of nodal AP
S1
Auscultation location of mitral area
24. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
S3
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
25. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation
Torsades de Pointes
A fib on EKG
Fick principle
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
26. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
S4
Fick principle
27. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)
U wave on EKG
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Normal S2 splitting
S3
28. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2
Patent ductus arteriosus
Mitral prolapse
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Paradoxical S2 splitting
29. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Normal S2 splitting
Torsades de Pointes
Phase 4 of nodal AP
30. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels
Ventricular septal defect
Net filtration pressure
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
31. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border
Auscultation location of aortic area
S3
S4
Tricuspid Regurgitation
32. Pushes fluid into capillary
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
33. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction
Normal S2 splitting
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Fick principle
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
34. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Auscultation location of mitral area
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
S1
35. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)
Normal S2 splitting
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Phase 0 of nodal AP
36. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy
A fib on EKG
S4
Auscultation location of mitral area
3rd degree complete AV block
37. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure
Phase 2 of nodal AP
U wave on EKG
Fixed S2 splitting
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
38. Pushes fluid out of capillary
Ventricular septal defect
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Net filtration pressure
Phase 3 of nodal AP
39. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
S4
40. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)
Mitral prolapse
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
Phase 4 of nodal AP
41. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Normal S2 splitting
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Resistance is directly proportional to...
42. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes
Mitral stenosis
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
3rd degree complete AV block
Patent ductus arteriosus
43. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Normal S2 splitting
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Ventricular septal defect
44. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
S2
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
S1
45. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
Fixed S2 splitting
Aortic Stenosis
Wide S2 splitting
46. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Phase 4 of nodal AP
47. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
48. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Ventricular septal defect
Fixed S2 splitting
Net filtration pressure
49. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Aortic Stenosis
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Net filtration pressure
50. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Mitral prolapse