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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






2. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






3. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






4. 3rd degree






5. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






6. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






7. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






8. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






9. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






10. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






11. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






12. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






13. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






14. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






15. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






16. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






17. Resting potential due to high K permeability






18. Pulls fluid into capillary






19. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






20. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






21. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






22. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






23. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






24. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






25. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






26. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






27. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






28. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






29. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






30. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






31. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






32. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






33. Radius to the 4th power






34. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






35. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






36. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






37. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






38. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






39. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






40. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






41. Indicates recent MI






42. Pushes fluid out of capillary






43. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






44. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






45. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






46. 4th rib at left sternal border






47. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






48. Pull fluid out of capillary






49. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






50. Prolonged PR interval