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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 4th rib at left sternal border






2. Resting potential due to high K permeability






3. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






4. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






5. Pulls fluid into capillary






6. 3rd degree






7. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






8. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






9. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






10. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






11. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






12. Radius to the 4th power






13. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






14. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






15. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






16. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






17. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






18. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






19. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






20. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






21. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






22. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






23. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






24. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






25. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






26. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






27. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






28. Prolonged PR interval






29. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






30. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






31. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






32. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






33. Pull fluid out of capillary






34. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






35. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






36. Pushes fluid into capillary






37. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






38. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






39. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






40. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






41. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






42. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






43. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






44. Indicates recent MI






45. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






46. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






47. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






48. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






49. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






50. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)







Sorry!:) No result found.

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