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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






2. Radius to the 4th power






3. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






4. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






5. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






6. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






7. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






8. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






9. Pushes fluid out of capillary






10. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






11. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






12. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






13. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






14. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






15. Prolonged PR interval






16. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






17. Pushes fluid into capillary






18. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






19. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






20. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






21. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






22. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






23. 4th rib at left sternal border






24. Indicates recent MI






25. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






26. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






27. Pull fluid out of capillary






28. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






29. 3rd degree






30. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






31. Pulls fluid into capillary






32. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






33. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






34. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






35. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






36. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






37. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






38. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






39. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






40. Resting potential due to high K permeability






41. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






42. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






43. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






44. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






45. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






46. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






47. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






48. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






49. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






50. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)