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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Auscultation location of aortic area
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
2. Pushes fluid out of capillary
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
S3
3. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)
A fib on EKG
Mitral prolapse
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Phase 0 of nodal AP
4. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Torsades de Pointes
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
5. Resting potential due to high K permeability
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Wide S2 splitting
Common causes of edema
6. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Fixed S2 splitting
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
7. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance
A flutter on EKG
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Phase 2 of nodal AP
S2
8. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Resistance is directly proportional to...
9. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
1st degree AV block on EKG
Aortic regurgitation
Common causes of edema
10. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)
Wide S2 splitting
S4
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
11. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
S1
Mitral prolapse
12. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.
A flutter on EKG
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Mitral stenosis
13. Radius to the 4th power
Fick principle
S2
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Mitral Regurgitation
14. Pulls fluid into capillary
S2
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
S3
Wide S2 splitting
15. Pushes fluid into capillary
1st degree AV block on EKG
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Mitral Regurgitation
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
16. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Normal S2 splitting
17. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Auscultation location of mitral area
18. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Mitral stenosis
Patent ductus arteriosus
19. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation
Torsades de Pointes
Phase 2 of nodal AP
S4
Paradoxical S2 splitting
20. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Net filtration pressure
21. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Mitral Regurgitation
22. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Patent ductus arteriosus
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
23. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border
Auscultation location of aortic area
Normal S2 splitting
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
24. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line
1st degree AV block on EKG
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Auscultation location of mitral area
Mitral prolapse
25. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Mitral stenosis
Wide S2 splitting
Mitral Regurgitation
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
26. Pull fluid out of capillary
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Ventricular septal defect
S3
27. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Phase 0 of nodal AP
28. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
29. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Fick principle
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Phase 2 of nodal AP
30. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Fick principle
3rd degree complete AV block
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
31. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia
A flutter on EKG
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
U wave on EKG
Phase 0 of nodal AP
32. Prolonged PR interval
Mitral stenosis
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
1st degree AV block on EKG
33. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure
T wave inversion on EKG
Patent ductus arteriosus
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Fixed S2 splitting
34. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure
Torsades de Pointes
S2
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
S1
35. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Mitral prolapse
Fixed S2 splitting
36. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
S4
Fick principle
37. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Common causes of edema
38. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
3rd degree complete AV block
Mitral stenosis
Fixed S2 splitting
39. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Net filtration pressure
Auscultation location of aortic area
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
40. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure
S2
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Aortic regurgitation
Resistance is directly proportional to...
41. Indicates recent MI
T wave inversion on EKG
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Wide S2 splitting
Torsades de Pointes
42. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
1st degree AV block on EKG
43. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)
Torsades de Pointes
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Tricuspid Regurgitation
A fib on EKG
44. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Aortic Stenosis
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
45. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels
S3
1st degree AV block on EKG
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Phase 3 of nodal AP
46. 4th rib at left sternal border
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Aortic regurgitation
47. 3rd degree
Patent ductus arteriosus
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral prolapse
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
48. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes
Auscultation location of aortic area
A fib on EKG
T wave inversion on EKG
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
49. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib
Ventricular septal defect
Fixed S2 splitting
1st degree AV block on EKG
Phase 2 of nodal AP
50. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)
S3
Patent ductus arteriosus
Mitral Regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation