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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






2. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






3. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






4. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






5. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






6. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






7. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






8. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






9. Radius to the 4th power






10. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






11. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






12. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






13. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






14. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






15. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






16. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






17. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






18. Indicates recent MI






19. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






20. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






21. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






22. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






23. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






24. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






25. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






26. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






27. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






28. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






29. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






30. Resting potential due to high K permeability






31. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






32. Prolonged PR interval






33. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






34. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






35. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






36. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






37. Pushes fluid into capillary






38. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






39. 4th rib at left sternal border






40. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






41. 3rd degree






42. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






43. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






44. Pushes fluid out of capillary






45. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






46. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






47. Pull fluid out of capillary






48. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






49. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






50. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels