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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pushes fluid into capillary
Aortic Stenosis
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Normal S2 splitting
2. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
S4
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
3. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)
Wide S2 splitting
Torsades de Pointes
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Phase 4 of nodal AP
4. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)
Wide S2 splitting
S2
Torsades de Pointes
Mitral Regurgitation
5. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Fixed S2 splitting
6. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation
Normal S2 splitting
Aortic regurgitation
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Wide S2 splitting
7. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)
T wave inversion on EKG
S4
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Net filtration pressure
8. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Mitral stenosis
1st degree AV block on EKG
Fick principle
Common causes of edema
9. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)
Torsades de Pointes
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Net filtration pressure
Auscultation location of mitral area
10. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure
Fixed S2 splitting
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
S2
11. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)
3rd degree complete AV block
S4
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Phase 2 of nodal AP
12. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Mitral stenosis
S2
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
13. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure
Aortic Stenosis
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Fick principle
S1
14. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)
Phase 4 of nodal AP
A flutter on EKG
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Phase 0 of nodal AP
15. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation
Resistance is directly proportional to...
16. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation
Common causes of edema
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Torsades de Pointes
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
17. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
S2
U wave on EKG
S1
18. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib
1st degree AV block on EKG
Ventricular septal defect
Auscultation location of mitral area
Aortic regurgitation
19. 4th rib at left sternal border
S3
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Aortic regurgitation
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
20. Resting potential due to high K permeability
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
U wave on EKG
Mitral Regurgitation
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
21. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Auscultation location of mitral area
Mitral prolapse
22. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2
U wave on EKG
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Fixed S2 splitting
Patent ductus arteriosus
23. Indicates recent MI
T wave inversion on EKG
S2
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Mitral Regurgitation
24. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border
Auscultation location of aortic area
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Torsades de Pointes
25. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)
T wave inversion on EKG
Aortic regurgitation
U wave on EKG
Tricuspid Regurgitation
26. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
A fib on EKG
Net filtration pressure
Auscultation location of aortic area
27. Radius to the 4th power
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Torsades de Pointes
1st degree AV block on EKG
S2
28. Prolonged PR interval
S3
1st degree AV block on EKG
S4
Fixed S2 splitting
29. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Patent ductus arteriosus
Tricuspid Regurgitation
30. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance
A flutter on EKG
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
31. Pulls fluid into capillary
A fib on EKG
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Aortic Stenosis
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
32. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction
Normal S2 splitting
Patent ductus arteriosus
S2
Common causes of edema
33. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting
Normal S2 splitting
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Patent ductus arteriosus
34. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
S1
35. 3rd degree
Net filtration pressure
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
36. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia
U wave on EKG
Phase 0 of nodal AP
1st degree AV block on EKG
Fick principle
37. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection
Normal S2 splitting
T wave inversion on EKG
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Patent ductus arteriosus
38. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex
Net filtration pressure
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
39. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)
3rd degree complete AV block
S3
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
40. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels
S1
Auscultation location of mitral area
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Auscultation location of aortic area
41. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
Net filtration pressure
Mitral Regurgitation
S4
42. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Mitral prolapse
Aortic Stenosis
Common causes of edema
43. Pushes fluid out of capillary
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Auscultation location of mitral area
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
44. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line
Auscultation location of mitral area
Mitral Regurgitation
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
45. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Fixed S2 splitting
Fick principle
Wide S2 splitting
46. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure
Auscultation location of aortic area
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
47. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes
1st degree AV block on EKG
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Torsades de Pointes
3rd degree complete AV block
48. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border
Net filtration pressure
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Patent ductus arteriosus
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
49. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.
Aortic Stenosis
U wave on EKG
Normal S2 splitting
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
50. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Mitral stenosis
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Paradoxical S2 splitting