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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pushes fluid into capillary






2. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






3. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






4. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






5. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






6. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






7. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






8. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






9. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






10. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






11. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






12. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






13. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






14. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






15. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






16. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






17. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






18. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






19. 4th rib at left sternal border






20. Resting potential due to high K permeability






21. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






22. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






23. Indicates recent MI






24. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






25. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






26. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






27. Radius to the 4th power






28. Prolonged PR interval






29. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






30. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






31. Pulls fluid into capillary






32. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






33. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






34. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






35. 3rd degree






36. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






37. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






38. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






39. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






40. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






41. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






42. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






43. Pushes fluid out of capillary






44. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






45. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






46. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






47. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






48. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






49. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






50. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)