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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






2. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






3. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






4. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






5. Pushes fluid into capillary






6. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






7. Pushes fluid out of capillary






8. Pulls fluid into capillary






9. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






10. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






11. 4th rib at left sternal border






12. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






13. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






14. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






15. Pull fluid out of capillary






16. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






17. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






18. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






19. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






20. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






21. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






22. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






23. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






24. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






25. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






26. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






27. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






28. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






29. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






30. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






31. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






32. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






33. Resting potential due to high K permeability






34. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






35. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






36. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






37. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






38. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






39. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






40. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






41. Prolonged PR interval






42. 3rd degree






43. Indicates recent MI






44. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






45. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






46. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






47. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






48. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






49. Radius to the 4th power






50. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels