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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Resting potential due to high K permeability






2. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






3. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






4. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






5. 3rd degree






6. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






7. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






8. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






9. Pushes fluid out of capillary






10. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






11. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






12. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






13. 4th rib at left sternal border






14. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






15. Pulls fluid into capillary






16. Radius to the 4th power






17. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






18. Pushes fluid into capillary






19. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






20. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






21. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






22. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






23. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






24. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






25. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






26. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






27. Pull fluid out of capillary






28. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






29. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






30. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






31. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






32. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






33. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






34. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






35. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






36. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






37. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






38. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






39. Prolonged PR interval






40. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






41. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






42. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






43. Indicates recent MI






44. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






45. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






46. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






47. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






48. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






49. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






50. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)