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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pushes fluid out of capillary






2. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






3. Pull fluid out of capillary






4. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






5. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






6. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






7. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






8. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






9. Prolonged PR interval






10. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






11. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






12. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






13. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






14. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






15. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






16. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






17. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






18. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






19. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






20. Pushes fluid into capillary






21. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






22. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






23. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






24. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






25. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






26. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






27. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






28. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






29. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






30. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






31. Radius to the 4th power






32. 3rd degree






33. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






34. Pulls fluid into capillary






35. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






36. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






37. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






38. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






39. Indicates recent MI






40. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






41. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






42. Resting potential due to high K permeability






43. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






44. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






45. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






46. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






47. 4th rib at left sternal border






48. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






49. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






50. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure