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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






2. Pulls fluid into capillary






3. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






4. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






5. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






6. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






7. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






8. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






9. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






10. Indicates recent MI






11. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






12. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






13. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






14. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






15. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






16. 3rd degree






17. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






18. Radius to the 4th power






19. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






20. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






21. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






22. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






23. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






24. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






25. Pushes fluid out of capillary






26. Pushes fluid into capillary






27. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






28. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






29. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






30. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






31. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






32. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






33. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






34. 4th rib at left sternal border






35. Resting potential due to high K permeability






36. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






37. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






38. Pull fluid out of capillary






39. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






40. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






41. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






42. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






43. Prolonged PR interval






44. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






45. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






46. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






47. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






48. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






49. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






50. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex