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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






2. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






3. 4th rib at left sternal border






4. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






5. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






6. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






7. Indicates recent MI






8. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






9. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






10. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






11. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






12. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






13. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






14. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






15. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






16. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






17. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






18. Pull fluid out of capillary






19. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






20. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






21. 3rd degree






22. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






23. Pushes fluid into capillary






24. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






25. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






26. Radius to the 4th power






27. Pushes fluid out of capillary






28. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






29. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






30. Pulls fluid into capillary






31. Prolonged PR interval






32. Resting potential due to high K permeability






33. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






34. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






35. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






36. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






37. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






38. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






39. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






40. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






41. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






42. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






43. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






44. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






45. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






46. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






47. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






48. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






49. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






50. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border