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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Resting potential due to high K permeability
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
2. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting
U wave on EKG
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Mitral stenosis
Fixed S2 splitting
3. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Tricuspid Regurgitation
S1
4. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Mitral stenosis
S1
5. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)
S2
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Normal S2 splitting
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
6. Pushes fluid out of capillary
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
A fib on EKG
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
7. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
U wave on EKG
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Mitral stenosis
8. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)
Auscultation location of aortic area
Phase 0 of nodal AP
A flutter on EKG
U wave on EKG
9. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border
Auscultation location of aortic area
Torsades de Pointes
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Paradoxical S2 splitting
10. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
11. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Ventricular septal defect
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
12. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Patent ductus arteriosus
Auscultation location of mitral area
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
13. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Tricuspid Regurgitation
1st degree AV block on EKG
14. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)
Mitral stenosis
Wide S2 splitting
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
15. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)
Normal S2 splitting
Net filtration pressure
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
16. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)
Fixed S2 splitting
Fick principle
Auscultation location of aortic area
Mitral prolapse
17. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)
S1
Wide S2 splitting
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Mitral stenosis
18. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes
Auscultation location of mitral area
Auscultation location of aortic area
3rd degree complete AV block
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
19. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Auscultation location of aortic area
Net filtration pressure
20. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening
T wave inversion on EKG
S3
Auscultation location of mitral area
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
21. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia
Torsades de Pointes
Tricuspid Regurgitation
U wave on EKG
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
22. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)
Mitral prolapse
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
23. 4th rib at left sternal border
Aortic Stenosis
Ventricular septal defect
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
24. Radius to the 4th power
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Mitral prolapse
Patent ductus arteriosus
25. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2
Auscultation location of mitral area
Patent ductus arteriosus
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
T wave inversion on EKG
26. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes
A fib on EKG
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Normal S2 splitting
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
27. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels
Mitral stenosis
Fick principle
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Normal S2 splitting
28. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure
S2
T wave inversion on EKG
S4
Normal S2 splitting
29. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
A fib on EKG
Normal S2 splitting
30. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.
S3
Fick principle
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Torsades de Pointes
31. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.
Normal S2 splitting
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Aortic Stenosis
Phase 0 of nodal AP
32. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels
S3
Normal S2 splitting
Aortic Stenosis
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
33. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Auscultation location of mitral area
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Wide S2 splitting
34. Pushes fluid into capillary
Common causes of edema
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
A flutter on EKG
1st degree AV block on EKG
35. 3rd degree
Mitral prolapse
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
36. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Ventricular septal defect
S1
Fixed S2 splitting
37. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction
Mitral Regurgitation
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
T wave inversion on EKG
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
38. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Phase 0 of nodal AP
S3
Wide S2 splitting
39. Prolonged PR interval
Torsades de Pointes
1st degree AV block on EKG
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
40. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Paradoxical S2 splitting
A flutter on EKG
Aortic regurgitation
41. Pulls fluid into capillary
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Mitral Regurgitation
42. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Patent ductus arteriosus
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Net filtration pressure
43. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation
S1
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Torsades de Pointes
44. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance
Mitral prolapse
S3
Net filtration pressure
A flutter on EKG
45. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Patent ductus arteriosus
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Resistance is directly proportional to...
46. Indicates recent MI
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
T wave inversion on EKG
Phase 3 of nodal AP
47. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)
U wave on EKG
Mitral Regurgitation
S2
Mitral prolapse
48. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Normal S2 splitting
Phase 4 of nodal AP
49. Pull fluid out of capillary
Aortic Stenosis
Fick principle
Mitral stenosis
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
50. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy
S4
Fick principle
Mitral stenosis
Auscultation location of pulmonic area