Test your basic knowledge |

USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






2. Pull fluid out of capillary






3. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






4. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






5. Prolonged PR interval






6. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






7. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






8. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






9. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






10. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






11. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






12. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






13. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






14. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






15. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






16. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






17. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






18. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






19. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






20. Radius to the 4th power






21. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






22. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






23. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






24. 4th rib at left sternal border






25. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






26. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






27. Pushes fluid into capillary






28. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






29. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






30. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






31. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






32. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






33. Resting potential due to high K permeability






34. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






35. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






36. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






37. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






38. Indicates recent MI






39. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






40. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






41. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






42. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






43. Pushes fluid out of capillary






44. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






45. Pulls fluid into capillary






46. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






47. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






48. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






49. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






50. 3rd degree