Test your basic knowledge |

USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pull fluid out of capillary






2. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






3. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






4. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






5. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






6. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






7. 3rd degree






8. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






9. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






10. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






11. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






12. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






13. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






14. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






15. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






16. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






17. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






18. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






19. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






20. 4th rib at left sternal border






21. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






22. Pushes fluid out of capillary






23. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






24. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






25. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






26. Pulls fluid into capillary






27. Indicates recent MI






28. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






29. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






30. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






31. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






32. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






33. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






34. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






35. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






36. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






37. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






38. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






39. Prolonged PR interval






40. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






41. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






42. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






43. Pushes fluid into capillary






44. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






45. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






46. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






47. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






48. Radius to the 4th power






49. Resting potential due to high K permeability






50. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.