SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)
A fib on EKG
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
3rd degree complete AV block
2. Pull fluid out of capillary
Aortic Stenosis
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
3. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Mitral stenosis
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
4. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Mitral prolapse
S3
5. Prolonged PR interval
1st degree AV block on EKG
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Auscultation location of aortic area
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
6. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels
Phase 3 of nodal AP
T wave inversion on EKG
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Patent ductus arteriosus
7. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
S4
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Torsades de Pointes
8. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes
S4
Fixed S2 splitting
A fib on EKG
A flutter on EKG
9. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.
Aortic Stenosis
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
U wave on EKG
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
10. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
Patent ductus arteriosus
11. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Common causes of edema
12. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib
Torsades de Pointes
Aortic regurgitation
Ventricular septal defect
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
13. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Fick principle
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Wide S2 splitting
14. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Auscultation location of aortic area
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
1st degree AV block on EKG
15. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Mitral Regurgitation
Resistance is directly proportional to...
16. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Phase 3 of nodal AP
S3
17. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex
Net filtration pressure
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
18. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure
Patent ductus arteriosus
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Auscultation location of aortic area
19. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)
Phase 4 of nodal AP
T wave inversion on EKG
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
1st degree AV block on EKG
20. Radius to the 4th power
Fick principle
S4
Auscultation location of mitral area
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
21. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)
1st degree AV block on EKG
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Net filtration pressure
22. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Normal S2 splitting
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
23. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)
Mitral prolapse
S4
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
24. 4th rib at left sternal border
Mitral stenosis
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
S3
25. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Common causes of edema
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
26. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Aortic regurgitation
Patent ductus arteriosus
Paradoxical S2 splitting
27. Pushes fluid into capillary
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Net filtration pressure
28. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
S2
Common causes of edema
29. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure
Mitral Regurgitation
1st degree AV block on EKG
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Fixed S2 splitting
30. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Torsades de Pointes
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
A flutter on EKG
31. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Fixed S2 splitting
Mitral Regurgitation
3rd degree complete AV block
32. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Aortic Stenosis
A flutter on EKG
33. Resting potential due to high K permeability
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Mitral Regurgitation
Tricuspid Regurgitation
34. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
S4
Auscultation location of aortic area
35. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2
Patent ductus arteriosus
S2
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Mitral prolapse
36. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)
Torsades de Pointes
3rd degree complete AV block
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
37. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Paradoxical S2 splitting
38. Indicates recent MI
T wave inversion on EKG
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Torsades de Pointes
39. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Patent ductus arteriosus
Fick principle
Common causes of edema
40. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure
S3
S1
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Fixed S2 splitting
41. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Aortic regurgitation
Auscultation location of mitral area
42. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
A fib on EKG
1st degree AV block on EKG
S2
Mitral stenosis
43. Pushes fluid out of capillary
Common causes of edema
Normal S2 splitting
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
44. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
U wave on EKG
Mitral prolapse
Common causes of edema
45. Pulls fluid into capillary
Normal S2 splitting
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
U wave on EKG
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
46. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
S1
T wave inversion on EKG
Torsades de Pointes
47. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Ventricular septal defect
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Patent ductus arteriosus
48. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line
Auscultation location of mitral area
Mitral prolapse
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
49. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Aortic Stenosis
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
50. 3rd degree
S2
Aortic Stenosis
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?