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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






2. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






3. Pushes fluid out of capillary






4. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






5. Pull fluid out of capillary






6. 4th rib at left sternal border






7. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






8. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






9. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






10. Resting potential due to high K permeability






11. Indicates recent MI






12. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






13. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






14. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






15. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






16. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






17. Pulls fluid into capillary






18. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






19. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






20. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






21. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






22. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






23. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






24. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






25. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






26. Radius to the 4th power






27. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






28. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






29. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






30. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






31. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






32. Pushes fluid into capillary






33. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






34. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






35. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






36. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






37. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






38. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






39. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






40. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






41. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






42. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






43. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






44. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






45. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






46. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






47. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






48. 3rd degree






49. Prolonged PR interval






50. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)