Test your basic knowledge |

USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






2. Pushes fluid out of capillary






3. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






4. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






5. Resting potential due to high K permeability






6. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






7. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






8. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






9. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






10. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






11. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






12. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






13. Radius to the 4th power






14. Pulls fluid into capillary






15. Pushes fluid into capillary






16. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






17. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






18. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






19. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






20. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






21. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






22. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






23. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






24. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






25. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






26. Pull fluid out of capillary






27. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






28. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






29. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






30. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






31. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






32. Prolonged PR interval






33. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






34. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






35. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






36. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






37. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






38. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






39. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






40. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






41. Indicates recent MI






42. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






43. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






44. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






45. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






46. 4th rib at left sternal border






47. 3rd degree






48. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






49. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






50. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)