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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






2. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






3. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






4. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






5. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






6. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






7. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






8. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






9. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






10. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






11. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






12. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






13. Resting potential due to high K permeability






14. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






15. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






16. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






17. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






18. Pushes fluid out of capillary






19. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






20. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






21. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






22. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






23. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






24. 4th rib at left sternal border






25. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






26. 3rd degree






27. Prolonged PR interval






28. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






29. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






30. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






31. Radius to the 4th power






32. Indicates recent MI






33. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






34. Pull fluid out of capillary






35. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






36. Pulls fluid into capillary






37. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






38. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






39. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






40. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






41. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






42. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






43. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






44. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






45. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






46. Pushes fluid into capillary






47. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






48. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






49. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






50. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib







Sorry!:) No result found.

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