Test your basic knowledge |

USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation
Mitral prolapse
Torsades de Pointes
Ventricular septal defect
Auscultation location of aortic area

2. 3rd degree
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Net filtration pressure

3. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Aortic Stenosis
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Phase 3 of ventricular AP

4. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels
Mitral stenosis
Phase 3 of nodal AP
1st degree AV block on EKG
Fixed S2 splitting

5. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Fick principle

6. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Aortic regurgitation
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Paradoxical S2 splitting

7. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2
S4
Patent ductus arteriosus
Normal S2 splitting
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block

8. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)

9. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)
Aortic Stenosis
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Aortic regurgitation
Patent ductus arteriosus

10. Pull fluid out of capillary
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Normal S2 splitting
A fib on EKG

11. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Torsades de Pointes
Auscultation location of aortic area
Fick principle

12. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia
Aortic regurgitation
U wave on EKG
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Torsades de Pointes

13. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation
Mitral prolapse
Auscultation location of mitral area
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Aortic regurgitation

14. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
T wave inversion on EKG
Common causes of edema

15. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)
U wave on EKG
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle

16. Indicates recent MI
A flutter on EKG
T wave inversion on EKG
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Fick principle

17. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Ventricular septal defect
3rd degree complete AV block

18. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Auscultation location of aortic area
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Aortic Stenosis

19. 4th rib at left sternal border
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Common causes of edema
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Auscultation location of pulmonic area

20. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes
A fib on EKG
3rd degree complete AV block
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Mitral Regurgitation

21. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure
Fixed S2 splitting
S3
Common causes of edema
Mitral prolapse

22. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)
S4
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Mitral Regurgitation

23. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes
3rd degree complete AV block
Mitral stenosis
A fib on EKG
Torsades de Pointes

24. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Paradoxical S2 splitting
S3

25. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line
Auscultation location of aortic area
Wide S2 splitting
1st degree AV block on EKG
Auscultation location of mitral area

26. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)
Mitral prolapse
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
3rd degree complete AV block
Mitral Regurgitation

27. Resting potential due to high K permeability
Normal S2 splitting
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
T wave inversion on EKG
S1

28. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.
T wave inversion on EKG
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Auscultation location of mitral area
Wide S2 splitting

29. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Wide S2 splitting
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Auscultation location of pulmonic area

30. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Phase 4 of ventricular AP

31. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels
Auscultation location of mitral area
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Fick principle
Phase 1 of ventricular AP

32. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance
Mitral Regurgitation
Patent ductus arteriosus
T wave inversion on EKG
A flutter on EKG

33. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)
Net filtration pressure
Wide S2 splitting
Mitral Regurgitation
Phase 2 of ventricular AP

34. Radius to the 4th power
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Mitral prolapse
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =

35. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Normal S2 splitting

36. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)
T wave inversion on EKG
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Net filtration pressure
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block

37. Pulls fluid into capillary
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Auscultation location of aortic area
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Phase 1 of ventricular AP

38. Pushes fluid into capillary
S2
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Common causes of edema
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)

39. Prolonged PR interval
1st degree AV block on EKG
S3
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Auscultation location of tricuspid area

40. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
S1
Mitral stenosis
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Torsades de Pointes

41. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure
Auscultation location of mitral area
Patent ductus arteriosus
A fib on EKG
S2

42. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy
Auscultation location of aortic area
S4
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Fick principle

43. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
S1

44. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex
T wave inversion on EKG
3rd degree complete AV block
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
S1

45. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening
Net filtration pressure
S4
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
U wave on EKG

46. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)
Aortic regurgitation
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Net filtration pressure

47. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Fick principle
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =

48. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction
Common causes of edema
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Aortic regurgitation

49. Pushes fluid out of capillary
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
1st degree AV block on EKG
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Phase 0 of ventricular AP

50. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)
1st degree AV block on EKG
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Wide S2 splitting