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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Radius to the 4th power






2. 3rd degree






3. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






4. Pull fluid out of capillary






5. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






6. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






7. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






8. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






9. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






10. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






11. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






12. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






13. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






14. Indicates recent MI






15. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






16. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






17. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






18. Pushes fluid out of capillary






19. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






20. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






21. 4th rib at left sternal border






22. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






23. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






24. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






25. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






26. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






27. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






28. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






29. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






30. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






31. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






32. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






33. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






34. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






35. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






36. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






37. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






38. Pulls fluid into capillary






39. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






40. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






41. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






42. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






43. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






44. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






45. Pushes fluid into capillary






46. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






47. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






48. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






49. Resting potential due to high K permeability






50. Prolonged PR interval