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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction
Common causes of edema
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
2. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Mitral Regurgitation
S4
3rd degree complete AV block
3. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2
Aortic Stenosis
Auscultation location of mitral area
Patent ductus arteriosus
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
4. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
5. Radius to the 4th power
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Mitral Regurgitation
6. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Fixed S2 splitting
Auscultation location of aortic area
S1
7. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Net filtration pressure
Patent ductus arteriosus
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
8. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Mitral prolapse
Auscultation location of aortic area
Net filtration pressure
9. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Mitral Regurgitation
Auscultation location of aortic area
Aortic regurgitation
10. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Aortic Stenosis
Torsades de Pointes
1st degree AV block on EKG
11. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Phase 4 of nodal AP
12. Pull fluid out of capillary
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
S1
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
13. Prolonged PR interval
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Tricuspid Regurgitation
1st degree AV block on EKG
Phase 0 of nodal AP
14. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border
Mitral stenosis
Auscultation location of aortic area
Ventricular septal defect
Fick principle
15. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib
A flutter on EKG
Ventricular septal defect
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
A fib on EKG
16. Resting potential due to high K permeability
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Auscultation location of mitral area
17. 4th rib at left sternal border
3rd degree complete AV block
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
18. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Mitral stenosis
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Patent ductus arteriosus
Fixed S2 splitting
19. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line
T wave inversion on EKG
Auscultation location of mitral area
Fick principle
Phase 2 of nodal AP
20. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
3rd degree complete AV block
Phase 2 of nodal AP
21. Pushes fluid into capillary
Net filtration pressure
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
S4
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
22. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction
S2
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Fick principle
Common causes of edema
23. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex
U wave on EKG
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Auscultation location of mitral area
Mitral Regurgitation
24. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Wide S2 splitting
25. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)
Patent ductus arteriosus
Tricuspid Regurgitation
A flutter on EKG
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
26. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
27. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy
S4
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Fixed S2 splitting
Phase 3 of nodal AP
28. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes
1st degree AV block on EKG
S3
Torsades de Pointes
A fib on EKG
29. Pulls fluid into capillary
S1
Ventricular septal defect
U wave on EKG
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
30. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
A flutter on EKG
Mitral prolapse
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
31. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening
A flutter on EKG
S4
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
S2
32. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)
S4
S3
A flutter on EKG
S2
33. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation
Fixed S2 splitting
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Aortic regurgitation
Fick principle
34. 3rd degree
U wave on EKG
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
35. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia
Aortic regurgitation
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
U wave on EKG
Mitral Regurgitation
36. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Normal S2 splitting
37. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
S1
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
38. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection
Normal S2 splitting
U wave on EKG
A flutter on EKG
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
39. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Net filtration pressure
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
40. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.
1st degree AV block on EKG
Aortic Stenosis
Wide S2 splitting
S2
41. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance
Phase 2 of nodal AP
A flutter on EKG
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Phase 0 of nodal AP
42. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Ventricular septal defect
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Wide S2 splitting
43. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure
Fixed S2 splitting
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
S2
44. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure
S1
Fick principle
U wave on EKG
Mitral stenosis
45. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)
Net filtration pressure
S4
Auscultation location of aortic area
Phase 0 of nodal AP
46. Pushes fluid out of capillary
Common causes of edema
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Phase 4 of nodal AP
47. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)
Wide S2 splitting
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Auscultation location of aortic area
Net filtration pressure
48. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Auscultation location of mitral area
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
1st degree AV block on EKG
49. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
S1
Fixed S2 splitting
S4
50. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Common causes of edema
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Tricuspid Regurgitation