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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






2. Pulls fluid into capillary






3. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






4. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






5. Prolonged PR interval






6. 3rd degree






7. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






8. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






9. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






10. 4th rib at left sternal border






11. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






12. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






13. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






14. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






15. Pushes fluid out of capillary






16. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






17. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






18. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






19. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






20. Pull fluid out of capillary






21. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






22. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






23. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






24. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






25. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






26. Indicates recent MI






27. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






28. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






29. Resting potential due to high K permeability






30. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






31. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






32. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






33. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






34. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






35. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






36. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






37. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






38. Radius to the 4th power






39. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






40. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






41. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






42. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






43. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






44. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






45. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






46. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






47. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






48. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






49. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






50. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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