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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Mitral stenosis
S3
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Auscultation location of aortic area
2. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Fixed S2 splitting
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
3. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border
Fick principle
Auscultation location of aortic area
A fib on EKG
1st degree AV block on EKG
4. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
3rd degree complete AV block
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
5. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)
Fick principle
Common causes of edema
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
S2
6. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line
Auscultation location of mitral area
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
1st degree AV block on EKG
S3
7. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Mitral stenosis
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
Patent ductus arteriosus
8. Pushes fluid into capillary
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Ventricular septal defect
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
9. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib
Ventricular septal defect
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
3rd degree complete AV block
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
10. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)
Fixed S2 splitting
Phase 4 of nodal AP
3rd degree complete AV block
Net filtration pressure
11. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure
S1
Ventricular septal defect
Wide S2 splitting
Tricuspid Regurgitation
12. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Patent ductus arteriosus
Ventricular septal defect
13. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Mitral prolapse
Auscultation location of mitral area
Phase 4 of nodal AP
14. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Ventricular septal defect
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
15. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Common causes of edema
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Fick principle
16. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)
S3
Auscultation location of mitral area
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
17. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Mitral Regurgitation
Phase 2 of nodal AP
18. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)
S1
U wave on EKG
Mitral Regurgitation
Paradoxical S2 splitting
19. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Patent ductus arteriosus
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
20. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
A fib on EKG
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Resistance is directly proportional to...
21. Resting potential due to high K permeability
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
22. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)
S3
Patent ductus arteriosus
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
23. Pulls fluid into capillary
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Normal S2 splitting
1st degree AV block on EKG
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
24. Indicates recent MI
S3
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
T wave inversion on EKG
25. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Wide S2 splitting
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
26. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)
Auscultation location of aortic area
Aortic Stenosis
Common causes of edema
Net filtration pressure
27. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation
Mitral Regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
28. Prolonged PR interval
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
1st degree AV block on EKG
A flutter on EKG
Fick principle
29. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Patent ductus arteriosus
1st degree AV block on EKG
Aortic Stenosis
30. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Aortic Stenosis
31. 3rd degree
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
32. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance
T wave inversion on EKG
Mitral stenosis
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
A flutter on EKG
33. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection
S4
1st degree AV block on EKG
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Normal S2 splitting
34. Radius to the 4th power
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
35. 4th rib at left sternal border
3rd degree complete AV block
Auscultation location of mitral area
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Phase 4 of nodal AP
36. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels
Auscultation location of mitral area
Aortic regurgitation
S4
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
37. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Mitral Regurgitation
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
38. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction
Aortic regurgitation
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
39. Pull fluid out of capillary
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
S3
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
1st degree AV block on EKG
40. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Auscultation location of mitral area
Paradoxical S2 splitting
S2
41. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Common causes of edema
S4
42. Pushes fluid out of capillary
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
43. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
S2
Common causes of edema
44. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels
Phase 3 of nodal AP
U wave on EKG
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Mitral stenosis
45. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure
U wave on EKG
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Fixed S2 splitting
Normal S2 splitting
46. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia
U wave on EKG
T wave inversion on EKG
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Auscultation location of mitral area
47. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Torsades de Pointes
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
A fib on EKG
48. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting
T wave inversion on EKG
S1
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
49. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)
U wave on EKG
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Phase 4 of nodal AP
50. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation
Mitral prolapse
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Auscultation location of aortic area
Torsades de Pointes