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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






2. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






3. Resting potential due to high K permeability






4. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






5. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






6. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






7. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






8. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






9. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






10. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






11. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






12. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






13. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






14. Pull fluid out of capillary






15. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






16. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






17. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






18. 3rd degree






19. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






20. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






21. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






22. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






23. Pulls fluid into capillary






24. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






25. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






26. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






27. 4th rib at left sternal border






28. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






29. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






30. Pushes fluid into capillary






31. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






32. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






33. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






34. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






35. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






36. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






37. Radius to the 4th power






38. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






39. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






40. Indicates recent MI






41. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






42. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






43. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






44. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






45. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






46. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






47. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






48. Prolonged PR interval






49. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






50. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening







Sorry!:) No result found.

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