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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






2. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






3. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






4. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






5. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






6. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






7. Pull fluid out of capillary






8. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






9. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






10. Pushes fluid out of capillary






11. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






12. Radius to the 4th power






13. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






14. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






15. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






16. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






17. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






18. Pulls fluid into capillary






19. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






20. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






21. 4th rib at left sternal border






22. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






23. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






24. 3rd degree






25. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






26. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






27. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






28. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






29. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






30. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






31. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






32. Pushes fluid into capillary






33. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






34. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






35. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






36. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






37. Indicates recent MI






38. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






39. Prolonged PR interval






40. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






41. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






42. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






43. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






44. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






45. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






46. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






47. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






48. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






49. Resting potential due to high K permeability






50. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels