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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pushes fluid out of capillary






2. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






3. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






4. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






5. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






6. Pull fluid out of capillary






7. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






8. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






9. Prolonged PR interval






10. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






11. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






12. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






13. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






14. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






15. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






16. Indicates recent MI






17. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






18. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






19. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






20. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






21. 4th rib at left sternal border






22. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






23. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






24. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






25. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






26. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






27. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






28. Pushes fluid into capillary






29. Pulls fluid into capillary






30. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






31. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






32. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






33. 3rd degree






34. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






35. Resting potential due to high K permeability






36. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






37. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






38. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






39. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






40. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






41. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






42. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






43. Radius to the 4th power






44. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






45. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






46. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






47. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






48. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






49. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






50. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)