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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Radius to the 4th power
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
1st degree AV block on EKG
T wave inversion on EKG
Ventricular septal defect
2. 3rd degree
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Mitral prolapse
3. Indicates recent MI
T wave inversion on EKG
Phase 3 of nodal AP
U wave on EKG
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
4. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Fixed S2 splitting
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Mitral stenosis
5. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line
Ventricular septal defect
Auscultation location of mitral area
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Net filtration pressure
6. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
Mitral Regurgitation
Auscultation location of mitral area
S4
7. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Fixed S2 splitting
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Aortic regurgitation
8. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Mitral stenosis
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
3rd degree complete AV block
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
9. Pushes fluid into capillary
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Fixed S2 splitting
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
10. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Aortic Stenosis
Phase 0 of nodal AP
11. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)
S2
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Ventricular septal defect
Torsades de Pointes
12. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Aortic Stenosis
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
13. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection
Mitral Regurgitation
Phase 4 of nodal AP
U wave on EKG
Normal S2 splitting
14. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance
Patent ductus arteriosus
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
A flutter on EKG
15. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Patent ductus arteriosus
U wave on EKG
16. Pushes fluid out of capillary
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Mitral Regurgitation
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Patent ductus arteriosus
17. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)
A flutter on EKG
1st degree AV block on EKG
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
18. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2
Patent ductus arteriosus
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
S2
19. Pull fluid out of capillary
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
U wave on EKG
20. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)
Common causes of edema
Patent ductus arteriosus
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Wide S2 splitting
21. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Common causes of edema
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
22. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
3rd degree complete AV block
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
23. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting
Patent ductus arteriosus
Net filtration pressure
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
24. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)
Wide S2 splitting
Mitral prolapse
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
25. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure
S2
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Phase 3 of nodal AP
26. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Aortic regurgitation
Common causes of edema
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
27. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction
Net filtration pressure
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
S1
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
28. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Torsades de Pointes
Net filtration pressure
29. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia
Phase 2 of nodal AP
U wave on EKG
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
30. Pulls fluid into capillary
Torsades de Pointes
A flutter on EKG
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Phase 2 of nodal AP
31. Resting potential due to high K permeability
Ventricular septal defect
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
32. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure
T wave inversion on EKG
Fick principle
S1
Auscultation location of mitral area
33. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Fick principle
34. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
35. 4th rib at left sternal border
S4
Fick principle
Mitral prolapse
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
36. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Common causes of edema
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
S4
37. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)
Mitral Regurgitation
Mitral prolapse
Net filtration pressure
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
38. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes
Torsades de Pointes
A fib on EKG
Common causes of edema
T wave inversion on EKG
39. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Patent ductus arteriosus
Normal S2 splitting
40. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)
1st degree AV block on EKG
A flutter on EKG
S3
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
41. Prolonged PR interval
Fick principle
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
1st degree AV block on EKG
S4
42. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation
Auscultation location of aortic area
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Common causes of edema
Torsades de Pointes
43. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border
S3
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Fixed S2 splitting
Auscultation location of aortic area
44. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border
A flutter on EKG
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Aortic Stenosis
45. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
S4
46. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib
3rd degree complete AV block
Ventricular septal defect
Fixed S2 splitting
Phase 4 of nodal AP
47. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)
Fick principle
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Aortic Stenosis
A flutter on EKG
48. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)
S4
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
A fib on EKG
49. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure
S3
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Fixed S2 splitting
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
50. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Fixed S2 splitting
S2