Test your basic knowledge |

USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






2. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






3. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






4. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






5. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






6. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






7. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






8. 4th rib at left sternal border






9. Pushes fluid into capillary






10. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






11. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






12. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






13. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






14. Pushes fluid out of capillary






15. Resting potential due to high K permeability






16. Pulls fluid into capillary






17. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






18. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






19. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






20. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






21. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






22. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






23. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






24. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






25. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






26. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






27. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






28. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






29. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






30. 3rd degree






31. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






32. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






33. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






34. Pull fluid out of capillary






35. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






36. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






37. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






38. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






39. Radius to the 4th power






40. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






41. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






42. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






43. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






44. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






45. Prolonged PR interval






46. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






47. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






48. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






49. Indicates recent MI






50. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia