Test your basic knowledge |

USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






2. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






3. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






4. Pushes fluid into capillary






5. Indicates recent MI






6. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






7. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






8. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






9. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






10. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






11. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






12. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






13. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






14. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






15. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






16. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






17. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






18. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






19. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






20. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






21. 3rd degree






22. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






23. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






24. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






25. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






26. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






27. Pulls fluid into capillary






28. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






29. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






30. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






31. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






32. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






33. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






34. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






35. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






36. Radius to the 4th power






37. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






38. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






39. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






40. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






41. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






42. Prolonged PR interval






43. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






44. Pull fluid out of capillary






45. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






46. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






47. 4th rib at left sternal border






48. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






49. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






50. Pushes fluid out of capillary