Test your basic knowledge |

USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pull fluid out of capillary






2. Radius to the 4th power






3. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






4. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






5. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






6. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






7. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






8. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






9. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






10. Indicates recent MI






11. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






12. Pulls fluid into capillary






13. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






14. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






15. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






16. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






17. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






18. 4th rib at left sternal border






19. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






20. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






21. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






22. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






23. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






24. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






25. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






26. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






27. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






28. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






29. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






30. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






31. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






32. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






33. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






34. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






35. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






36. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






37. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






38. Pushes fluid into capillary






39. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






40. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






41. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






42. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






43. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






44. 3rd degree






45. Pushes fluid out of capillary






46. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






47. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






48. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






49. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






50. Resting potential due to high K permeability