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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






2. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






3. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






4. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






5. Pull fluid out of capillary






6. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






7. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






8. Radius to the 4th power






9. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






10. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






11. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






12. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






13. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






14. Resting potential due to high K permeability






15. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






16. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






17. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






18. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






19. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






20. Pushes fluid into capillary






21. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






22. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






23. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






24. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






25. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






26. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






27. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






28. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






29. Prolonged PR interval






30. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






31. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






32. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






33. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






34. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






35. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






36. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






37. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






38. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






39. Indicates recent MI






40. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






41. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






42. 3rd degree






43. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






44. Pulls fluid into capillary






45. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






46. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






47. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






48. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






49. Pushes fluid out of capillary






50. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border







Sorry!:) No result found.

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