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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pushes fluid out of capillary
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Torsades de Pointes
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Aortic regurgitation
2. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
A flutter on EKG
3. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
U wave on EKG
Phase 2 of nodal AP
4. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)
Mitral Regurgitation
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Paradoxical S2 splitting
5. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure
T wave inversion on EKG
S2
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
6. Pull fluid out of capillary
S1
1st degree AV block on EKG
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Aortic regurgitation
7. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2
U wave on EKG
Patent ductus arteriosus
Common causes of edema
Phase 3 of nodal AP
8. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure
Mitral prolapse
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Fixed S2 splitting
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
9. Prolonged PR interval
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
1st degree AV block on EKG
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
10. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)
Net filtration pressure
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Auscultation location of aortic area
Phase 2 of nodal AP
11. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy
S4
Common causes of edema
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
12. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
U wave on EKG
Net filtration pressure
Phase 0 of nodal AP
13. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation
Torsades de Pointes
Patent ductus arteriosus
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Wide S2 splitting
14. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Net filtration pressure
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
15. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
T wave inversion on EKG
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Phase 2 of nodal AP
16. Indicates recent MI
S2
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
T wave inversion on EKG
A fib on EKG
17. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes
3rd degree complete AV block
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
Resistance is directly proportional to...
18. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes
Phase 2 of ventricular AP
A fib on EKG
Fixed S2 splitting
Aortic Stenosis
19. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border
Auscultation location of aortic area
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
S4
Patent ductus arteriosus
20. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
A flutter on EKG
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Patent ductus arteriosus
21. 4th rib at left sternal border
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Auscultation location of tricuspid area
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
22. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
23. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection
Paradoxical S2 splitting
Phase 2 of nodal AP
Mitral Regurgitation
Normal S2 splitting
24. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)
Wide S2 splitting
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
S2
25. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Mitral stenosis
26. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)
Fick principle
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Mitral Regurgitation
27. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border
Auscultation location of pulmonic area
Wide S2 splitting
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Net filtration pressure
28. Pushes fluid into capillary
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
Common causes of edema
Tricuspid Regurgitation
29. Pulls fluid into capillary
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Interstital hydrostatic pressure (Pi)
30. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure
Torsades de Pointes
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
31. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
1st degree AV block on EKG
32. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Phase 0 of nodal AP
A flutter on EKG
33. 3rd degree
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Mitral Regurgitation
34. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
S1
Net filtration pressure
A flutter on EKG
35. Resting potential due to high K permeability
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Phase 4 of ventricular AP
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
S2
36. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction
Common causes of edema
Normal S2 splitting
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
37. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex
Fixed S2 splitting
1st degree AV block on EKG
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) =
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block
38. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
Ventricular septal defect
Normal S2 splitting
Phase 1 of ventricular AP
39. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting
Effect of inspiration on S2 splitting
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Torsades de Pointes
Normal S2 splitting
40. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Aortic regurgitation
S4
Phase 3 of nodal AP
41. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.
Aortic Stenosis
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
Phase 0 of nodal AP
Fixed S2 splitting
42. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)
Phase 4 of nodal AP
Fixed S2 splitting
Mitral stenosis
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
43. Radius to the 4th power
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
Mobitz type II 2nd degree AV block
S2
44. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line
Auscultation location of mitral area
3rd degree complete AV block
Mitral prolapse
A fib on EKG
45. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib
Lyme disease can cause why type of AV block?
Ventricular septal defect
Aortic regurgitation
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
46. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.
Wolff - Parkinson - White Syndrome
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Fixed S2 splitting
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
47. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)
Mitral prolapse
Phase 3 of ventricular AP
Ventricular septal defect
Net filtration pressure
48. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)
Phase 3 of nodal AP
Resistance is directly proportional to...
Patent ductus arteriosus
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
49. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening
Phase 0 of ventricular AP
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Normal S2 splitting
Resistance is inversely proportional to...
50. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)
Fick principle
Wide S2 splitting
Supplies blood to the base of the left ventricle
Patent ductus arteriosus