Test your basic knowledge |

USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Radius to the 4th power






2. 3rd degree






3. Indicates recent MI






4. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






5. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






6. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






7. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






8. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






9. Pushes fluid into capillary






10. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






11. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






12. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






13. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






14. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






15. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






16. Pushes fluid out of capillary






17. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






18. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






19. Pull fluid out of capillary






20. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






21. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






22. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






23. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






24. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






25. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






26. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






27. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






28. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






29. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






30. Pulls fluid into capillary






31. Resting potential due to high K permeability






32. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






33. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






34. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






35. 4th rib at left sternal border






36. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






37. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






38. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






39. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






40. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






41. Prolonged PR interval






42. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






43. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






44. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






45. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






46. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






47. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






48. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






49. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






50. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)