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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Prolonged PR interval






2. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






3. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






4. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






5. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






6. Radius to the 4th power






7. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






8. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






9. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






10. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






11. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






12. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






13. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






14. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






15. Pull fluid out of capillary






16. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






17. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






18. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






19. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






20. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






21. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






22. Pulls fluid into capillary






23. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






24. Pushes fluid out of capillary






25. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






26. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






27. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






28. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






29. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






30. Pushes fluid into capillary






31. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






32. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






33. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






34. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






35. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






36. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






37. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






38. 4th rib at left sternal border






39. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






40. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






41. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






42. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






43. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






44. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






45. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






46. Resting potential due to high K permeability






47. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






48. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






49. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






50. 3rd degree