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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pushes fluid out of capillary






2. Indicates recent MI






3. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






4. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






5. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






6. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






7. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






8. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






9. Pulls fluid into capillary






10. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






11. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






12. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






13. Radius to the 4th power






14. Pushes fluid into capillary






15. Pull fluid out of capillary






16. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






17. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






18. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






19. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






20. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






21. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






22. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






23. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






24. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






25. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






26. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






27. Resting potential due to high K permeability






28. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






29. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






30. 3rd degree






31. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






32. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






33. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






34. Prolonged PR interval






35. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






36. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






37. 4th rib at left sternal border






38. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






39. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






40. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






41. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






42. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






43. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






44. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






45. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






46. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






47. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






48. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






49. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






50. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.







Sorry!:) No result found.

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