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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






2. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






3. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






4. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






5. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






6. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






7. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






8. Indicates recent MI






9. 4th rib at left sternal border






10. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






11. Pushes fluid out of capillary






12. Radius to the 4th power






13. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






14. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






15. Pulls fluid into capillary






16. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






17. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






18. Prolonged PR interval






19. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






20. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






21. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






22. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






23. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






24. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






25. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






26. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






27. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






28. Pushes fluid into capillary






29. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






30. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






31. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






32. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






33. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






34. Resting potential due to high K permeability






35. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






36. Pull fluid out of capillary






37. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






38. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






39. 3rd degree






40. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






41. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






42. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






43. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






44. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






45. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






46. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






47. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






48. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






49. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






50. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure