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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






2. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






3. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






4. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






5. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






6. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






7. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






8. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






9. Resting potential due to high K permeability






10. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






11. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






12. Indicates recent MI






13. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






14. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






15. Radius to the 4th power






16. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






17. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






18. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






19. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






20. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






21. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






22. 4th rib at left sternal border






23. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






24. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






25. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






26. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






27. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






28. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






29. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






30. Prolonged PR interval






31. Pull fluid out of capillary






32. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






33. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






34. Pushes fluid into capillary






35. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






36. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






37. Pulls fluid into capillary






38. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






39. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






40. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






41. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






42. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






43. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






44. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






45. Pushes fluid out of capillary






46. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






47. 3rd degree






48. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






49. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






50. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






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