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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 3rd degree






2. Pull fluid out of capillary






3. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






4. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






5. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






6. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






7. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






8. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






9. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






10. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






11. 4th rib at left sternal border






12. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






13. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






14. Prolonged PR interval






15. Radius to the 4th power






16. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






17. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






18. Indicates recent MI






19. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






20. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






21. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






22. Resting potential due to high K permeability






23. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






24. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






25. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






26. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






27. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






28. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






29. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






30. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






31. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






32. Pushes fluid into capillary






33. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






34. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






35. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






36. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






37. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






38. Pushes fluid out of capillary






39. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






40. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






41. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






42. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






43. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






44. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






45. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






46. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






47. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






48. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






49. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






50. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)