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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Prolonged PR interval






2. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






3. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






4. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






5. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






6. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






7. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






8. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






9. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






10. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






11. Pushes fluid into capillary






12. 3rd degree






13. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






14. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






15. Indicates recent MI






16. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






17. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






18. Pushes fluid out of capillary






19. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






20. Resting potential due to high K permeability






21. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






22. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






23. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






24. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






25. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






26. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






27. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






28. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






29. Radius to the 4th power






30. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






31. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






32. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






33. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






34. 4th rib at left sternal border






35. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






36. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






37. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






38. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






39. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






40. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






41. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






42. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






43. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






44. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






45. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






46. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






47. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






48. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






49. Pull fluid out of capillary






50. Pulls fluid into capillary







Sorry!:) No result found.

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