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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






2. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






3. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






4. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






5. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






6. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






7. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






8. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






9. 3rd degree






10. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






11. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






12. Pulls fluid into capillary






13. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






14. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






15. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






16. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






17. Radius to the 4th power






18. Resting potential due to high K permeability






19. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






20. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






21. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






22. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






23. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






24. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






25. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






26. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






27. Prolonged PR interval






28. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






29. Pushes fluid into capillary






30. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






31. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






32. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






33. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






34. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






35. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






36. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






37. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






38. Pull fluid out of capillary






39. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






40. Indicates recent MI






41. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






42. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






43. 4th rib at left sternal border






44. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






45. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






46. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






47. Pushes fluid out of capillary






48. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






49. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






50. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border