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USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






2. Indicates recent MI






3. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






4. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






5. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






6. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






7. Resting potential due to high K permeability






8. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






9. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






10. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






11. Pushes fluid into capillary






12. 3rd degree






13. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






14. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






15. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






16. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






17. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






18. Pull fluid out of capillary






19. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






20. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






21. 4th rib at left sternal border






22. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






23. 2nd intercostal space along right sternal border






24. Radius to the 4th power






25. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






26. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






27. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






28. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






29. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






30. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






31. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






32. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






33. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






34. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






35. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






36. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






37. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






38. Pushes fluid out of capillary






39. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






40. Pulls fluid into capillary






41. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






42. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






43. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)






44. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






45. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






46. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






47. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






48. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






49. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






50. Prolonged PR interval






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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