Test your basic knowledge |

USMLE Cardiovascular Physiology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Upstroke due to opening of Ca channels (Nodal tissues lack fast Na channels which allows for a prolonged AV node transmission from atria to ventricles)






2. Posterior descending artery (80% from RCA - 20% from CFX via LCA)






3. 4th rib at left sternal border






4. Pushes fluid out of capillary






5. Crescendo - decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following an ejection click. Associated with weak pulses & syncope.






6. Indicates recent MI






7. Pull fluid out of capillary






8. Rapid upstroke due to voltage - gated Na channel opening






9. Mitral & tripcuspid valve closure






10. Associated with pulmonic stenosis or RBBB (delayed RV emptying)






11. Aortic & pulmonic valve closure






12. Pulls fluid into capillary






13. Aortic valve closure slightly before pulmonic valve closure at end of systolic ejection






14. Late diastole 'atrial kick' sound against increased pressure from ventricular hypertrophy






15. Ventricular pre - excitation caused by an accessory conduction pathway that bypasses the AV node. Delta wave on EKG. Can lead to SVT.






16. Progressive lengthening of PR interval until dropped QRS complex






17. Pushes fluid into capillary






18. High pitched 'blowing' diastolic murmur - can decrease intensity of murmur with vasodilation






19. Rapid repolarization due to massive K efflux & closure of Ca channels






20. Early diastole rapid filling sound heard with dilated ventricle (normal in children & pregnant women)






21. 1) increased capillary pressure - CHF 2) decreased plasma proteins - nephrotic syndrome - liver failure 3) increased capillary permeability - toxins - burns - infections 4) increased interstital osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction






22. 3rd degree






23. Inspiration delays pulmonic valve closure - which increases S2 splitting






24. Resting potential due to high K permeability






25. CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous arterial O2 content)






26. Initial repolarization due to inactivation of Na channels & opening of voltaged - gated K channels






27. Pulmonic valve closure before aortic valve closure associated with aortic stenosis or LBBB (delayed left ventrical emptying)






28. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left 5th intercostal space midclavicular line - & is enhanced by expiration (increased LA return) & squatting (increased TPR)






29. Blood viscosity (increased in polycythemia - hyperproteinemia - & hereditary spherocytosis)






30. Dropped QRS complexes not preceded by change in PR interval (can be 2:1 - 3:1 - etc)






31. Late systolic crescendo murmur (loudest at S2) following a midsystolic click - enhanced by squatting (increased TPR)






32. Rapid back - to - back atrial depolarization -> 'sawtooth' appearance






33. 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line






34. Repolarization due to inactivation of Ca channels & activation of K channels






35. Atria & ventricles beat independent of each other - no relation between P waves & QRS complexes






36. Associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) - allowing a left to right shunt that increases flow through pulmonic valve and delays closure






37. Radius to the 4th power






38. 2nd intercostal space along left sternal border






39. Caused by hypokalemia or bradycardia






40. Cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) - or 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure






41. Plateau due to Ca influx balancing K efflux Myocyte contraction






42. Holosystolic 'harsh' murmur that is loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib






43. Continuous machine - like murmur that is loudest at S2






44. V Tach with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on EKG - can progess to V fib - Predisposed by QT prolongation






45. 'Irregularly irregular' - No discrete P waves and irregularly spaced QRS complexes






46. Holosystolic 'blowing murmur' loudest at left sternal border near 4th rib - & is enhanced by inspiration (increased RA return)






47. Absent (no plateau in nodal tissue)






48. Delayed 'rumbling' late diastolic murmur following an opening snap






49. = (capillary pressure - interstital fluid pressure) - (plasma oncotic pressure - interstital fluid oncotic pressure)






50. Slow diastolic depolarization with Na conductance that accounts for automaticity of SA/AV nodes (slope determines HR)