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USMLE/COMLEX Step 1 Pharmacology One Liners

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1, comlex

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Anti - seizure agent that induces formation of liver drug - metabolism enzymes - is teratogen and can cause craniofacial anomalies and spina bifida
Carbamazepine
Sumatriptan - naratriptan - and rizatriptan
Degradation of fibrin clots and are administered IV
Trazodone

2. Drugs of choice for status epilepticus
Labetalol and carvedilol
Diphenhydramine and cimetridine - respectively
IV diazepam for short term (acute) treatment; phenytoin for prolonged therapy
Excessive hypotension and kidney failure

3. Common toxicities of cisplatin
5-7 days
Ganirelix
Naloxone
Nephro and ototoxicity

4. Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis - gluconeogenesis - reverses hypoglycemia - also used to reverse severe beta - blocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation
Panic attacks - social phobias - bulimia nervosa - and PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) - OCD
Potential for development of Reye's syndrome
Indomethacin
Glucagon

5. Antidepressant associated with seizures and cardiotoxicity
Kidney and liver toxicity - diarrhea
Estrogen
Maprotiline
Carbamazepine - gabapentin - lamotrigine - and valproic acid

6. Beta 2 agonist toxicity
Skeletal muscle tremor - tachycardia
Valproic acid
Fluoxetine
Affinity

7. Muscarinic antagonist used in asthma
Ipratropium
Adenosine
Timolol
Ezetimibe (Zetia)

8. This diuretic decreases aqueous secretion due to lack of HCO3- ion. Causes drowsiness and paresthesias - alkalinization of the urine may precipitate calcium salts - hypokalemia - acidosis
IV diazepam for short term (acute) treatment; phenytoin for prolonged therapy
Hepatic enzymes
Acetazolamide
'dry as a bone - red as a beet - mad as a hatter - hot as a hare - blind as a bat'

9. Diuretics work in CHF by
Urinary acidification and activated charcoal or continual nasogastric suction
Reducing preload
Cortisone and hydrocortisone (equivalent to cortisol)
Cytomel

10. GnRH antagonist with more immediate effects - used for infertility
Monamine oxidase inhibitors
GABA- related targets
Ganirelix
Naloxone (IV) - naltrexone (PO)

11. Pneumonic for beta receptors
None
Succinylcholine
You have 1 heart (Beta 1) and 2 lungs (Beta 2)
Epinephrine

12. Interact with microtubules (but unlike vinca which prevent disassembly of tubules) - it stabilizes tubulin and cells remain frozen in metaphase
Carbamazepine
Prolongs QT interval
Paclitaxel (taxol)
Hypertrichosis

13. Antidote for arsenic - mercury - lead - and gold poisoning
Dimercaprol
Increased thromboembolic events
Pregnancy
Pentoxifylline

14. H1 antagonist used in motion sickness
Prazosin - terazosin - doxazosin
Dimenhydrinate - meclizine - and other 1st generation
Stevens - Johnson syndrome
Cosyntropin

15. Neurotransmitters affected by the action of antidepressants
Metronidazole
Norepinephrine and serotonin
Clindamycin
Amphetamines

16. Site of action of loop diuretics
Thick ascending limb
Anterograde amnesia
Paresthesias - alkalization of the urine (which may ppt. Ca salts) - hypokalemia - acidosis - and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment
Postsynaptic Mu receptors

17. Beta 1 agonists used in acute CHF
Tubocurarine
Dobutamine and dopamine
Muscarinic blockade (dry mouth - constipation); weak alpha -1 block (orthostatic hypotension); weak hisamine block (sedation)
Levodopa

18. Bisphosphonates that cannot be used on continuous basis because it caused osteomalacia
Carboplatin
Low therapeutic index
Etidronate
LFT's

19. Diuretic used for mountain sickness and glaucoma
Estrogen (HRT- Hormone replacement therapy)
Acetazolamide
Pulse therapy
C- peptide

20. Agents that inhibit acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Disulfiram - metronidazole - certain sulfonylureas and cephalosporins
CMF (cyclophosphamide - methotrexate - and fluorouracil) and tamoxifen if ER+
Potential for development of Reye's syndrome
Beta - blockers such as propranolol

21. Ability of a drug to produce 100% of the maximum response regardless of the potency
Pregnancy
Full agonist
Beta - blockers such as propranolol
Halothane and methoxyflurane

22. Longer acting Beta 2 agonist is recommended for prophylaxis of asthma
Oral
PCP
Doxepin
Salmeterol

23. Inhaled anesthetic - less likely to lower blood pressure than other agents - and has the smallest effect on respiration
Pregnancy
Nitrous oxide
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Aztreonam

24. Antidote used for tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
Alprazolam and Clonazepam
Sodium bicarbonate
Adriamycin (doxorubicin) +bleomycin - vinblastine +dacarbazine
Fentanyl

25. Drug used in exoerythrocytic cycle of malaria
Digibind (also need to d/c digoxin - normalize K+ - and lidocaine if pt. Is arrhythmic)
Primaquine
Panic attacks - social phobias - bulimia nervosa - and PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) - OCD
Amiodarone

26. Window between therapeutic effect and toxic effect
Therapeutic index
Vitamin K and Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
Infants - closed angle glaucoma - prostatic hypertrophy
Dimercaprol - EDTA

27. 1st generation antihistamine that is least sedating
hydroxyzine (Atarax)
Phenoxybenzamine
Infants - closed angle glaucoma - prostatic hypertrophy
Chlorpheniramine or cyclizine

28. Cheap wide spectrum antibiotic DOC for otitis media
Steady state
Amoxicillin
Flumazenil
Leucovorin

29. MOA of nitrates
Phenoxybenzamine
Pralidoxime - atropine
Pilocarpine - carbachol - physostigmine
Relax vascular smooth muscle - at low doses dilate veins and at high doses dilate arterioles

30. 1st generation antihistamine that is highly sedating
Diphendydramine
Naloxone
Buspirone
Fentanyl

31. Newer estrogen receptor antagonist used in advanced breast cancer
Toremifene (Fareston)
Albuterol
Phenobarbital
CNS depressants

32. Rapid acting insulins that do not self - aggregate
Neutropenia and agranulocytosis
Pamidronate - zoledronate - ibandronate
lispro insulin - aspart insulin - glulisine insulin
Ascending pathways

33. Triptan available in parenteral and nasal formulation
Sumatriptan
Long - acting sedative - hypnotic or a gradual reduction of dose - clonidine or propranolol
Nifurtimox
Erythropoietin

34. Antivirals that are teratogens
Tubocurarine
Propranolol
Delavirdine - efavirenz - and ribavirin
Aztreonam

35. Agent that is teratogen and causes a fetal syndrome
Hyperkalemia
Rebound HTN - sedation - dry mouth
Ototoxicity
Ethanol

36. Intermediate acting glucocorticoids
Dipyridamole
Prazosin - terazosin - doxazosin
CHOP (cyclophosphamide - doxorubicin - vincristine - and prednisone) plus rituximab
Prednisone - methylprednisolone - prednisolone - and triamcinolone

37. HIV antiviral class known to have severe drug interactions by causing inhibition of metabolism
Carbidopa
Protease inhibitors
IV administration
Ketoralac

38. Major drug interaction with Quinidine
High therapeutic index
Overdose of opioids
Bethanechol
Increases concentration of Digoxin

39. Lithium is associated with this congenital defect
Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime
Cardiac anomalies and is contraindicated in pregnancy or lactation
Insulin
Partial agonist

40. Inhibitor of MAO type B which metabolizes dopamine - used adjunct to levodopa or as sole agent in newly diagnosed patients
Selegiline
Diphenhydramine and cimetridine - respectively
Hydration and mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA)
Barbiturates - phenytoin - carbamazepine - and rifampin

41. Anti - psychotic not shown to cause tardive dyskinesia
Nefazodone
Succinylcholine
Clozapine
Degradation of fibrin clots and are administered IV

42. 2nd generation antihistamines
Fexofenadine - loratadine - and cetirizine
Niacin
Disulfiram
Combination oral contraceptives (OC)

43. Antiarrhythmic that exhibits Class II and III properties
Cardiac dysfunction - photosensitivity - skin (blue smurf syndrome) - Pulmonary fibrosis - thyroid and corneal deposits
Sotalol
CMF (cyclophosphamide - methotrexate - and fluorouracil) and tamoxifen if ER+
Stimulates cGMP which leads to vascular smooth muscle relaxation

44. Side effects seen with tricyclic antidepressants
Full agonist
Primaquine
Muscarinic blockade (dry mouth - constipation); weak alpha -1 block (orthostatic hypotension); weak hisamine block (sedation)
Topical mupirocin (Bactroban)

45. Block glycoprotein IIb/IIIa involved in platelet cross - linking
Amphetamines
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Abciximab - tirofiban and eptifibatide
100% O2 and hyperbaric O2

46. Similar to clonidine and may cause hypotension
Tizanidine
Benztropine - trihexyphenidyl
Ketamine
Peripheral neuritis and hepatitis

47. Site of action for zaleplon and zolpidem
Nitrous oxide
Albuterol
Increasing sodium excretion and decreases arterial and venous tone
Benzodiazepine receptor BZ1 (although do not have a benzodiazepine ring structure)

48. MOA of drug or foods (grapefruit juice) that increase statin effect
Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN - anemia - and MI)
Pre - existing cardiac or renal disease
Inhibit Cytochrome P450 3A4
Esmolol

49. Reason ergot alkaloids are contraindicated in pregnancy
Hypoglycemia
Uterine contractions
Niacin
Digoxin

50. Almost all local anesthetics have this property and sometimes require the administration of vasoconstrictors (ex. Epinephrine) to prolong activity
Sermorelin
FOMEPIZOLE - used to prevent formation of toxic metabolites from methanol and ethylene glycol ingestion
Vasodilation
Insulin release from pancreas; faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea