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USMLE/COMLEX Step 1 Pharmacology One Liners

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1, comlex

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Nonselective alpha - blocking drug - long acting and irreversible - and used to treat pheochromocytoma. Blocks 5- HT - so occasionaly used for carcinoid tumor. Blocks H1 and used in mastocytosis
Buprenorphine
Phenoxybenzamine
Hallucinations resembling psychosis
Lactic acidosis

2. Maximum response achieveable from a drug
Flatulence (do not use beano to tx) - diarrhea - abdominal cramps
Efficacy
Alprazolam and Clonazepam
SSRI's - bupropion - and venlafaxine

3. Commonly abused LA which has cardiovascular toxicity including severe hypertension with cerebral hemorrhage - cardiac arrhythmias - and myocardial infarction
Ipratropium
Ethanol or fomepizole
Thyroid and steroid hormones
Cocaine

4. Rapid acting insulins that do not self - aggregate
100% O2 and hyperbaric O2
Esmolol
Oxybutynin - dicyclomine
lispro insulin - aspart insulin - glulisine insulin

5. Clinical uses of these agents include treatment of HTN - angina - arrhythmias - chronic CHF - and selected post MI patients
Beta blockers
Norepinephrine and serotonin
Theophylline
Fexofenadine - loratadine - and cetirizine

6. Agent that is the antidote for methanol overdose
Ethanol - fomepizole
Skeletal muscle tremor - tachycardia
Benztropine
Gabapentin

7. Term for a narrow margin of safety
Low therapeutic index
Cefuroxime (2nd) generation - Ceftazidime - Ceftriaxone
Adenosine
Hypertensive crisis

8. MOA of Bisphosphonates
Prostaglandin PGF2a
Procarbazine
Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption
Adenosine

9. The ratio of the rate of elimination of a drug to its plasma concentration
Little C- peptide
Inhibits phosphodiesterase -5 - enhancing effects of nitric oxide - activated increases in cGMP
Clearance (CL)
Arteries and veins

10. A1a - selective blocker with no effects on HTN used for BPH
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
Gastric ulcers and GI Bleeding
None
Aldehyde dehydrogenase

11. Toxicity of these agents include bradycardia - AV blockade - exacerbation of acute CHF; signs of hypoglycemia may be masked (tachycardia - tremor - and anxiety)
Beta blockers
Cyproterone acetate
Clomiphene and tamoxifen
AZT (zidovudine)

12. Oral antibiotic of choice for moderate inflammatory acne
Geriatrics due to its CNS (depression) effects
Calcium channels
Minocycline
Amiodarone

13. H1 blocker that is also a serotonin antagonist
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
Amantadine
Class IC (flecainide - propafenone - moricizine)
Cyproheptadine

14. Two toxicities of aminoglycosides
Alendronate - etidronate - risedronate - pamidronate - tiludronate - and zoledronic acid
Thiopental
nephro and ototoxicity
Vancomycin

15. SE of acetazolamide
Vancomycin - infusion at a slow rate and antihistamines
Glyburide - glipizide - glimepiride - etc.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Paresthesias - alkalization of the urine (which may ppt. Ca salts) - hypokalemia - acidosis - and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment

16. SE of phenytoin
Gingival hyperplasia - nystagmus - diplopia and ataxia
N- acetylcysteine
Agranulocytosis
Vasodilation

17. This agent may cause more severe - rapid and intense symptoms to a recovering addict
Pentoxifylline
Hypercalcemia
Beta1 agonists
Naloxone

18. Most important toxic effects of most local anesthetics
Drug induced Parkinsonism
Beta blockers
CNS toxicity
Asthma (bronchospastic effects) - diabetes (block signs of hypoglycemia) and peripheral vascular disease

19. Increased risk of developing cataracts
Quetiapine
Low therapeutic index
Heroin - morphine - oxycodone - meperidine and fentanyl
Terfenadine and astemizole (have been removed from the market)

20. MOA of quinolones
Increasing afterload and tissue perfusion declines
Inhibit DNA gyrase
Bleeding
Sulfonamides

21. Benzodiazepine with useful relaxant effects in skeletal muscle spasticity of central origin
Nondepolarizing type antagonists
Diazepam
Bradykinin
Nitroprusside

22. Treat manifestations of Parkinson's disease and EPS
Benztropine - trihexyphenidyl
Bradycardia - SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION - decrease in HDL - and increase in Triglycerols (TG)
Enflurane and halothane
Cardiac dysfunction - photosensitivity - skin (blue smurf syndrome) - Pulmonary fibrosis - thyroid and corneal deposits

23. Activation of these receptors close Ca2+ ion channels to inhibit neurotransmitter release
Presynaptic mu - delta - and kappa receptors
Inhibit Cytochrome P450 3A4
Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets
Cocaine 'super - speed'

24. Agent used in drug therapy of Parkinson's instead of Dopamine which has low bioavailability and does not cross the BBB
Overdose of opioids
L- dopa
Half - life (T1/2)
Activattion on an inward K+ current and inhibition of Ca++ current resulting in marked hyperpolarization

25. Drug is used with testosterone for male fertility
Thiopental
Leuprolide
Urinary acidification and activated charcoal or continual nasogastric suction
Bleeding

26. 5 alpha - reductase inhibitor used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness
Nevirapine - amprenavir
Long - acting sedative - hypnotic or a gradual reduction of dose - clonidine or propranolol
Finasteride (Proscar and Propecia respectively)
Demeclocycline

27. Longer acting Beta 2 agonist is recommended for prophylaxis of asthma
Chloramphenicol
Scopolamine - meclizine
Salmeterol
Bleomycin - vinca alkaloids - antimetabolites (eg. - 5- FU - 6- MP - methotrexate - etoposide)

28. Opioid available trans - dermally
Atropine - homatropine - C1208 tropicamide
Thyroid and steroid hormones
6- mercaptopurine (6- MP)
Fentanyl

29. Treatment of withdrawal syndrome involves
Glucagon
Excessive CNS stimulation (seizures)
Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU)
Long - acting sedative - hypnotic or a gradual reduction of dose - clonidine or propranolol

30. Agent that is teratogen and causes a fetal syndrome
Ethanol
Ketoconazole
Clonidine - and methyldopa
Naloxone

31. Toxicity of anticholinergics
Nitrites
Pralidoxime
block SLUD (salivation - lacrimation - urination - defecation
Bromocriptine

32. Withdrawal from this drug causes lethargy - irritability - and headache
Tetracycline
Caffeine
Methadone
Oxidation - reduction - hydrolysis

33. Use of this opioid with MAOI can lead to hyperpyrexic coma - and with SSRI's can lead to serotonin syndrome
'On - off - phenomenon'
Lepirudin
Meperidine
Coma - Convulsions - Cardiac problems (arrhythmias and wide QRS)

34. This may antagonize activity of local anesthetics
Rhabdomyolysis and Hepatotoxicity
Labetalol and carvedilol
Nortriptyline - Desipramine
Hypercalcemia

35. Carbamazepine may cause
Thrombocytopenia
Selegiline
Agranulocytosis
Scopolamine - meclizine

36. SE of ACE inhibitors
Affinity
Esmolol
Dimenhydrinate - meclizine - and other 1st generation
Dry cough - hyperkalemia

37. Cephalosporin causes kernicterus in neonates
Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime
Older antipsychotic agents - D2 receptors
PGI2 (epoprostenol)
Levodopa

38. Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist - it accelerates recovery from benzodiazepine overdose
Flumazenil
Methotrexate
Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime
NO - chloroform - and diethyl ether

39. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Spironolactone
Liver toxicity - increased serum cholesterol
Succinylcholine
Acetazolamide

40. The most common neurologic abnormality in chronic alcoholics
Ganciclovir - zidovudine - saquinavir - and interferon
Cosyntropin
Vancomycin - infusion at a slow rate and antihistamines
Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN - anemia - and MI)

41. Another pneumonic for anticholinergic toxicity

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42. Cholinomimetics that increase outflow - open trabecular meshwork - and cause ciliary muscle contraction
NSAIDS
Hydroxychloroquine
Pilocarpine - carbachol - physostigmine
Nefazodone

43. Readily detected markers that may assist in diagnosis of the cause of a drug overdose include
Celecoxib
Indomethacin
Changes in heart rate - blood pressure - respiration - body temperature - sweating - bowel signs - and pupillary responses
Muscarinic blockers

44. Prototypical drug is atropine
Dry cough
Nonselective Muscarinic Antagonists
Diazepam
Carbamazepine

45. 'Date rape drug'
Clindamycin
Flunitrazepam (rohypnol)
Morphine
Methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU)

46. Used in pediatrics to maintain patency of ductus arteriosis
Low therapeutic index
PGE1
Nefazodone
Alkylating agent

47. Treatment of resistant pseudomembranous colitis
Partial agonist
IV and IM (only LMW)
sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
ORAL vancomycin

48. SSRI indicated for premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Parathion
Fluoxetine (Sarafem)
Ephedrine
Nonselective Muscarinic Antagonists

49. Beta - blockers should be used cautiously in
Rhabdomyolysis
Glyburide - glipizide - and rosiglitazone
Increasing afterload and tissue perfusion declines
Asthma (bronchospastic effects) - diabetes (block signs of hypoglycemia) and peripheral vascular disease

50. Side effect of sotalol
Spironolactone
Pulse therapy
prolongs QT and PR interval
Doxepin