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USMLE/COMLEX Step 1 Pharmacology One Liners

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1, comlex

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. T3 compound less widely used
Activattion on an inward K+ current and inhibition of Ca++ current resulting in marked hyperpolarization
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Methadone
Cytomel

2. ADH agonist used for pituitary diabetes insipidus
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
Osteopenia - impaired wound healing - inc. risk of infection - inc. appetite - HTN - edema - PUD - euphoria - psychosis - stria - thinning of skin
Mechlorethamine
Reduce the loss from area of injection

3. Drug of choice for leprosy
Dapsone - rifampin and clofazimine combination
Cosyntropin
Propranolol
Hyperuricemia - hypokalemia and ototoxicity

4. Cheap wide spectrum antibiotic DOC for otitis media
Aspirin - metoprolol
Amoxicillin
Celecoxib
Mannitol

5. Agents that inhibit acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Leucovorin
Mivacurium
Cocaine
Disulfiram - metronidazole - certain sulfonylureas and cephalosporins

6. Antidote to reverse actions of warfarin
Meperidine
Vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma
Phenytoin
Leucovorin

7. Antidote for tissue plasminogen activator (t - PA) - streptokinase
Spasmolytic drugs
Esmolol
Aminocaproic acid
Quetiapine

8. The elimination of drug that occurs before it reaches the systemic circulation
First pass effect
Thyroid and steroid hormones
Propranolol
Ascending pathways

9. Aminoglycoside that is least ototoxic
Dipyridamole
Adenosine
Ticlopidine
Streptomycin

10. Interact with microtubules (but unlike vinca which prevent disassembly of tubules) - it stabilizes tubulin and cells remain frozen in metaphase
Sermorelin
Amoxicillin
Paclitaxel (taxol)
Estogens increase maternal TBG

11. Incidence of hyoglycemia with metformin
Acarbose
Sedation
None
Bleomycin

12. Aromatase inhibitor used in breast cancer
100% O2 and hyperbaric O2
Letrozole - anastrozole
Insulin glargine
IV administration

13. Agent used neutropenia especially after chemotherapy
Phentolamine
Maintenance dose (Cp*(CL/F))
G- CSF (filgrastim) and GM- CSF (sargramostim)
Inhibit DNA gyrase

14. Clinical use for H2 blockers
Chemical esophagitis
Nefazodone
Tinnitus - GI bleeding
Acid reflux disease - duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer disease

15. Antidote to benzodiazepine overdose (antagonist that reverses the CNS effects)
Maintenance dose (Cp*(CL/F))
Isoflurane
Flumazenil
Nephrotoxicity

16. Common mechanism by which overdose result in death
Depression of medullary and cardiovascular centers
Lithium toxicity
Fomepizole
Calcium channels

17. 5HT-3 antagonist that has been associated with QRS and QTc prolongation and should not be used in patients with heart disease
Dolasetron
Vasodilation
Glucagon
Clomipramine

18. Reason benzos are used cautiously in pregnancy
Cerebral hemorrhage
Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption
Ability to cross the placenta
Hepatic

19. Available bisphosphonates
Alendronate - etidronate - risedronate - pamidronate - tiludronate - and zoledronic acid
Lactic acidosis
Pregnancy
Dexrazoxane

20. Drug causes teeth discoloration
Sedation
Thick ascending limb
Vasodilation
Tetracycline

21. Presynaptic Alpha 2 agonist used in HTN - and acts centrally
Nevirapine - amprenavir
GLUT 2
Adenosine
Clonidine - and methyldopa

22. Most useful in patients with significant anxiety - phobic features - hypochondriasis - and resistant depression
Radioactive iodine
Monamine oxidase inhibitors
Glargine (Lantus) - detemir
Vancomycin

23. Beta 2 agonist used to suppress premature labor - but cardiac stimulatory effects may be hazardous to mother and fetus
Terbutaline
Presynaptic mu - delta - and kappa receptors
Clonidine - and methyldopa
Lupus - like syndrome

24. Partial opioid agonist - considered a strong analgesic - has a long duration of action and is resistant to naloxone reversal
Hypoglycemia
Buprenorphine
Edrophonium
Increased thromboembolic events

25. Cholestyramine and colestipol are
Apraclonidine - brimonidine
Bile acid - binding resins
COX 1 is found throughout the body and COX 2 is only in inflammatory tissue
Normal C- peptide

26. SE of phenytoin
Positive Comb's test - depression
Gingival hyperplasia - nystagmus - diplopia and ataxia
Psychotic state - overdose causes agitation - restlessness - tachycardia - hyperthermia - hyperreflexia - and seizures
nephro and ototoxicity

27. Ability to produce less than 100% of the response
Partial agonist
Metrifonate
Xanthine oxidase
increase the FREQUENCY of GABA- mediated chloride ion channel opening

28. Agent decreases the excitatory actions of cholinergic neurons. May improve tremor and rigidity but have LITTLE effect on bradykinesia. Atropine - like side effects
Increasing sodium excretion and decreases arterial and venous tone
Gingival hyperplasia
Benztropine
Hallucinations resembling psychosis

29. Used intravenously for acute arrhythmias during surgery
Atracurium
Esmolol
Glyburide - glipizide - and rosiglitazone
Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime

30. Endogenous insulin contains
Efficacy
Spironolactone
Nitrous oxide
Normal C- peptide

31. Toxicity of anticholinergics
block SLUD (salivation - lacrimation - urination - defecation
Vitamin D
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
Sulfonamides

32. Cephalosporins Not able to cross the BBB
Cefixime (3rd) generation
Cyclophosphamide
Betamethasone and dexamethasone
Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase

33. TCA used in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) - most significant of TCA's for risk of seizure - weight gain - and neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms
Clomipramine
CMF (cyclophosphamide - methotrexate - and fluorouracil) and tamoxifen if ER+
Administration of Vit. B6 (pyridoxine)
Disulfiram

34. The most frequent cause of acute deaths in cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity
ACE inhibitors
Respiratory failure
Infants - closed angle glaucoma - prostatic hypertrophy
Ability to cross the placenta

35. Nonselective alpha - blocking drug - short acting and reversible - used for rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal - and Raynaud's phenomena
Relax vascular smooth muscle - at low doses dilate veins and at high doses dilate arterioles
Phentolamine
Dexamethasone suppression test
Torsades de pointes

36. Term for a narrow margin of safety
Flatulence (do not use beano to tx) - diarrhea - abdominal cramps
Interleukin 11 (oprelvekin)
Low therapeutic index
Ipratropium

37. Blows DNA (breaks DNA strands) - limiting SE is pulmonary fibrosis
Bleomycin
Infants - closed angle glaucoma - prostatic hypertrophy
Acetazolamide
Nephrotoxicity

38. A hormone whose mechanism of action (MOA) utilizes intracellular receptors
Dipyridamole
Thyroid and steroid hormones
Penicillamine
Ipratropium

39. Constant proportion of cell population killed rather than a constant number
Spironolactone
Log - kill hypothesis
Beta -1 selective blockers
Classic

40. Anti - psychotics available in depot preparation
Fluphenazine and haloperidol
Phase I
Estrogen
Terbutaline

41. Drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is used in ethylene glycol exposure
high doses
Fomepizole
Physostigmine
Zollinger - Ellison Syndrome

42. Potassium sparing diuretics inhibit
Barbiturates - phenytoin - carbamazepine - and rifampin
Minocycline
Na+/K+ exchange
Thyroxine

43. MOA of thiazolindinediones
Spironolactone
Stimulate PPAR- gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism
Diazepam
Physostigmine

44. Heparin (PTT) increases activity of
Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime
Antithrombin 3
Dextromethorphan - Codeine
Tolerance

45. Sulfonylurea Not recommended for elderly because of very long half life
Fluoxetine
Chlorpropamide
Lupus - like syndrome
GI bleeding

46. Combined alpha and beta blocking agents that may have application in treatment of CHF
inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl - cotransport
Labetalol and carvedilol
Affect calcium - potassium - and sodium channels
Decreases protein synthesis by inhibiting 30S ribosome

47. Rapid acting insulins that do not self - aggregate
prolongs QT and PR interval
Nitrous oxide
Benztropine - trihexyphenidyl
lispro insulin - aspart insulin - glulisine insulin

48. During Phase I these agents worsen muscle paralysis by succinylcholine - but during phase II they reverse the blockade produced by succinylcholine
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Isoflurane
Increased thromboembolic events
Hydroxychloroquine

49. Anticancer drug also used in RA - produces acrolein in urine that leads to hemorrhagic cystitis
IV and IM (only LMW)
Cyclophosphamide
LD50
Naltrexone

50. Reversal of blockade by neuromuscular blockers
Atropine - pralidoxime (2- PAM)
Propoxyphene
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Caffeine