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USMLE/COMLEX Step 1 Pharmacology One Liners

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1, comlex

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. PCN active against pseudomonas
Red urine discoloration
Desflurane
Halothane and methoxyflurane
Carbenicillin - piperacillin and ticarcillin

2. Vancomycin MOA
Rifampin - Isoniazid - Pyrazinamide - and Ethambutol
Blocks peptidoglycan synthesis
Pancuronium
block SLUD (salivation - lacrimation - urination - defecation

3. Most useful in patients with significant anxiety - phobic features - hypochondriasis - and resistant depression
Hypertrichosis
Gastric ulcers and GI Bleeding
Halothane and methoxyflurane
Monamine oxidase inhibitors

4. Beta blockers are used for which type of anginal attack
Classic
Mannitol
Gastric ulcers and GI Bleeding
Selective inhibitor of microtubule assembly

5. Skeletal muscle agent that undergoes Hofmann elimination (breaks down spontaneously)
Alprostadil
Atracurium
Deferoxamine
Ethanol

6. Antidote used for iron salt toxicity
Thioridazine
Doxepin
Deferoxamine
Rifampin - Isoniazid - Pyrazinamide - and Ethambutol

7. Antidote to benzodiazepine overdose (antagonist that reverses the CNS effects)
Buspirone
Flumazenil
Bile acid - binding resins
Phenoxybenzamine

8. DOC for digoxin induced arrhythmias
Phenytoin
Odansetron
Esmolol
Delavirdine - efavirenz - and ribavirin

9. Agent decreases the excitatory actions of cholinergic neurons. May improve tremor and rigidity but have LITTLE effect on bradykinesia. Atropine - like side effects
GFR
Bind ergosterol in fungal cell membrane
Benztropine
Mifepristone

10. Antidote used for benzodiazepine toxicity
Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increase insulin sensitivity
Nevirapine - amprenavir
Flumazenil
2 to 3 weeks

11. Agent which stimulates cardiac contractile force more than rate with little effect on total peripheral resistance
Parathion
Dobutamine
Lepirudin
Propranolol

12. Agents used in treatment of carcinoid tumor
Thyroid and steroid hormones
Hyperprolactinemia - menorrhea - galactorrhea - confusion - mood changes - decreased sexual interest - and weight gain
Hypertensive crisis
Ketanserin cyproheptadine - and phenoxybenzamine

13. Concurrent use of fibrates and statins increases risk of
Rhabdomyolysis
Reduce inhibition - suppress anxiety - and produce relaxation
Nephrotoxicity
Mifepristone

14. Tolerance is marked and abstinence syndrome occurs
Vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma
Acid reflux disease - duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer disease
Capsaicin
Amphetamines

15. Only phenothiazine not exerting antiemetic effects - can cause visual impairment due to retinal deposits - and high doses have been associated with ventricular arrhythmias
prolongs QT and PR interval
Haloperidol or pimozide
Thioridazine
Methadone

16. SE of nitrates
Yohimbine
Postural hypotension - reflex tachycardia - hot flashes - and throbbing headache due to meningeal artery dilation
Sodium bicarbonate
nephro and ototoxicity

17. Indirect - Acting ACh Agonist - alcohol - short DOA and used in diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
Midazolam
Nesiritide (Natrecor)
Edrophonium
CNS toxicity

18. Used especially in postmenopausal women - dosage should be 1500 mg
Calcium
Quetiapine
Echothiophate
Smooth muscle; stomach - heart - and mast cells; nerve endings - CNS respectively

19. Reason ergot alkaloids are contraindicated in pregnancy
Dexrazoxane
Uterine contractions
Codeine - hydrocodone - and oxycodone
Nephrotoxicity

20. MOA of class I A (eg. Procainamide) - class IB (eg. Lidocaine) - and class IC (eg. Flecainide) antiarrhythmics
Megaloblastic anemia
Fluphenazine and haloperidol
100% O2 and hyperbaric O2
Sodium channel blockers

21. What do delta cells in the pancreas produce?
Tolerance
Vincristine
Somatostatin
Bradykinin and histamine

22. Reason fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in children and pregnancy
Thioridazine
Cartilage damage
Maintenance dose (Cp*(CL/F))
Abciximab - tirofiban and eptifibatide

23. The fraction of administered dose of a drug that reaches systemic circulation
Severe hypertension
Bioavailability (F)
Beta - blockers
Ipodate

24. Used for Addison's disease - Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) - inflammation - allergies - and asthma (as a local inhalation)
Celecoxib
Glucocorticoids
Infants
Zero order kinetics

25. Site of action of thiazide diuretics
Work at early distal convoluted tubule
GLUT 4
Specificity
Bradycardia - SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION - decrease in HDL - and increase in Triglycerols (TG)

26. Class III antiarrhythmic that exhibits properties of all 4 classes
High therapeutic index
Amiodarone
Therapeutic index
Propranolol

27. SE of imipenem
Oxybutynin - dicyclomine
inhibits HMG COA reductase
Marijuana
Seizures

28. Agent that is the antidote for methanol overdose
COX 1 is found throughout the body and COX 2 is only in inflammatory tissue
Flumazenil
Repaglinide
Ethanol - fomepizole

29. SE of lithium
Affinity
Ticlopidine
Tremor - sedation - ataxia - aphasia - thyroid enlargement - and reversible diabetes insipidus
Dopamine blockade

30. Diuretic used for mountain sickness and glaucoma
Cp
Bleomycin - vinca alkaloids - antimetabolites (eg. - 5- FU - 6- MP - methotrexate - etoposide)
Sulfonamides
Acetazolamide

31. Dopamine agonist used in hyperprolactinemia
Bromocriptine
Efficacy
Tetracycline
Beta blockers

32. Drugs of choice for generalized tonic - clonic and partial seizures
IV administration
Gastric ulcers and GI Bleeding
Alprazolam and Clonazepam
Valproic acid and Phenytoin

33. MOA of erythromycin
Inhibition of protein synthesis at the 50s subunit of ribosome
Diclofenac - ketoralac
Cosyntropin
Insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels

34. Two toxicities of aminoglycosides
Reduce the loss from area of injection
L- dopa
Estogens increase maternal TBG
nephro and ototoxicity

35. Fibrates (gemfibrozil) increase activity of
Oral and transdermal forms of nitroglycerin
Orthostatic hypotension (especially with first dose) and reflex tachycardia
Glargine (Lantus) - detemir
Lipoprotein lipase

36. Anti - thyroid drugs
Insulin glargine
Salmeterol
GABA- related targets
Thioamides - iodides - radioactive iodine - and ipodate

37. Approved for use in severe pulmonary HTN
Flumazenil
Glomerulosa (mineralocorticoids) - fasciculata (glucocorticoid=GC) - and reticularis (adrenal androgens)
Ethanol
PGI2 (epoprostenol)

38. Another pneumonic for anticholinergic toxicity

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39. Alpha 1 agonist toxicity
Muscarinic blockade (dry mouth - constipation); weak alpha -1 block (orthostatic hypotension); weak hisamine block (sedation)
Stimulate PPAR- gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism
Diphenhydramine and cimetridine - respectively
Hypertension

40. Inhaled anesthetic with a low blood/gas partition coefficient
Ketanserin cyproheptadine - and phenoxybenzamine
Uterine contractions
Nitrous oxide
Scotch tape technique and mebendazole

41. SE of OCs
Vincristine
Increased thromboembolic events
Corticosteroids
Lepirudin

42. Amount of drug necessary to elicit a biologic effect; refers to the drug's strength
Psychotic state - overdose causes agitation - restlessness - tachycardia - hyperthermia - hyperreflexia - and seizures
Salmeterol
Constipation - edema - and headache
Potency

43. Antidote for beta - blockers and hypoglycemia
Inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase which leads to decreased pyrimidine synthesis - decreased T cell proliferation and decreased antibody production by B cells
Angiotensin receptor
Glucagon
Erythromycin

44. Benzodiazepine used for anxiety
Alprazolam
Diazepam - Flurazepam - chlordiazepoxide - and clorazepate
Tubocurarine
Midodrine

45. Extrapyramidal dysfunction is more common with these agents - Which block this subtype of dopamine receptor
Propofol
Older antipsychotic agents - D2 receptors
Potential for development of Reye's syndrome
Haloperidol or pimozide

46. Meningitis prophylaxis in exposed patients
Sodium bicarbonate
Ribavirin
Iodide salts
Rifampin

47. NSAID available orally - IM and ophthalmically
sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Ketoralac
Prednisone

48. Prostaglandin used in the treatment of impotence
Benztropine
Alprostadil
Nifurtimox
Mostly in the brain - and they mediate synaptic inhibition via increased K+ conductance

49. SE of Amiodarone
Dexrazoxane
Gynecomastia
Testicular cancer
Cardiac dysfunction - photosensitivity - skin (blue smurf syndrome) - Pulmonary fibrosis - thyroid and corneal deposits

50. Endogenous substances commonly interpreted as histamine - serotonin - prostaglandins - and vasoactive peptides
Autocoids
NO - chloroform - and diethyl ether
Halothane and methoxyflurane
Cyproheptadine