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USMLE/COMLEX Step 1 Pharmacology One Liners
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Subjects
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health-sciences
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usmle-step-1
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comlex
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The most frequent cause of acute deaths in cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity
Tetracaine and bupivacaine
Deferoxamine
Respiratory failure
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
2. Diuretic used to antagonize aldosterone receptors
Glucuronate - acetic acid - and glutathione sulfate
Spironolactone
Insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels
Bromocriptine
3. SE of nesiritide
Torsades de pointes
Excessive hypotension and kidney failure
Prostaglandin PGF2a
Carbamazepine - gabapentin - lamotrigine - and valproic acid
4. A hormone whose MOA utilizes transmembrane receptors
Work at early distal convoluted tubule
Insulin
Pre - existing cardiac or renal disease
Lipoprotein lipase
5. Thrombolytic used for acute MI and ischemic (non hemorrhagic) CVA
Panic attacks - social phobias - bulimia nervosa - and PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) - OCD
Hepatic toxicity
Tissue plasmin activator
Leucovorin
6. 5HT-3 antagonist used in chemotherapeutic induced emesis
Ondansetron - granisetron - dolasetron and alosetron
CNS depressants
Glyburide - glipizide - glimepiride - etc.
Rifampin - Isoniazid - Pyrazinamide - and Ethambutol
7. MOA for benzodiazepines and barbiturates
GABA- related targets
Alprazolam and Clonazepam
Red urine discoloration
Uterine contractions
8. Ultra long acting insulin - has over a day duration of action
Affect calcium - potassium - and sodium channels
Amoxapine
St. Anthony's Fire
Glargine (Lantus) - detemir
9. Atropine fever is the most dangerous effect and can be lethal in this population group
Constipation - edema - and headache
Infants
Esmolol
Acetazolamide
10. Anti - androgen used for hirsutism in females
Cyproterone acetate
Terfenadine and astemizole (have been removed from the market)
Capsaicin
Volume of distribution (VD)
11. Treatment of atropine overdose and glaucoma (because lipid soluable). Enters the CNS rapidly and has a stimulant effect - which may lead to convulsions
Oxytocin - ergonovine and ergotamine
Liver toxicity
Physostigmine
Sinus tachycardia and serious arrhythmias
12. Chemical antagonists that bind to the inhibitor of ACh Estrace and displace the enzyme (if aging has not occurred)
Postural hypotension - reflex tachycardia - hot flashes - and throbbing headache due to meningeal artery dilation
Dextroamphetamines and methamphetamine
Dimercaprol - EDTA
Cholinesterase regenerators - pralidoxime
13. 'Date rape drug'
Clindamycin
Flunitrazepam (rohypnol)
Clomipramine
Iodide salts
14. Chelating agent used in Wilson's disease
Beta -1 selective blockers
Ketanserin cyproheptadine - and phenoxybenzamine
Cefuroxime (2nd) generation - Ceftazidime - Ceftriaxone
Penicillamine
15. SE of long term (>5 days) corticosteroid therapy and remedy
Adrenal suppression and weaning slowly - respectively
Indomethacin
Ketoralac
Tinnitus - GI bleeding
16. Treatment of withdrawal syndrome involves
Diclofenac - ketoralac
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Chlorpropamide - tolbutamide - tolazamide - etc.
Long - acting sedative - hypnotic or a gradual reduction of dose - clonidine or propranolol
17. Toxicity caused by nitroprusside and treatment
Cyanide toxicity treated with sodium thiosulfate
hydroxyzine (Atarax)
Ethosuximide and valproic acid
pregnancy and with K+
18. Plasma concentration of a drug at a given time
Amantadine
Glucagon
Clozapine
Cp
19. These LA's have surface activity
Cocaine and benzocaine
Increased thromboembolic events
High therapeutic index
Ipratropium
20. SE of CCB
Morphine - methadone - meperidine - and fentanyl
Constipation - edema - and headache
Nausea
Miosis and constipation
21. All antidepressants have roughly the same efficacy in treating depression - agents are chosen based on these criterion
Malathion
Side - effect profile and prior pt response
'On - off - phenomenon'
Mannitol
22. MOA of nystatin
Ganciclovir - zidovudine - saquinavir - and interferon
Haloperidol
Vitamin B12
Bind ergosterol in fungal cell membrane
23. SE of hydroxychloroquine
Diphenhydramine and cimetridine - respectively
Potassium channel blockers
Retinal destruction and dermatitis
Flatulence (do not use beano to tx) - diarrhea - abdominal cramps
24. Blows DNA (breaks DNA strands) - limiting SE is pulmonary fibrosis
Decreased micro and macro vascular disease
Liver enzyme INDUCTION
Bleomycin
Ferrous sulfate
25. Dose which is lethal to 50% of the population
Act on intestine - delay digestion and absorption of glucose formed from digestion of starch and disacchrides
LD50
Lithium toxicity
Allopurinol
26. Antidote used for anticholinergic poisoning
Physostigmine
Neutro - leuko and thrombocytopenia
Hot flashes
Amoxapine
27. Reversal of blockade by neuromuscular blockers
First pass effect
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Ipratropium
Morphine
28. Toxicity of anticholinergics
Tetrabenazine (amine depleting drug) - Haloperidol (antipsychotic)
Tolerance
Repaglinide
block SLUD (salivation - lacrimation - urination - defecation
29. Peakless ling acting insulin
Nifedipine
Block voltage - dependent sodium channels
Methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU)
Insulin glargine
30. These Beta blockers decrease aqueous secretion
Valproic acid - carbamazepine - phenytoin and gabapentin
Succinylcholine
Timolol (nonselective) - betaxolol (selective)
Prazosin - terazosin and doxazosin (- AZOSIN ending)
31. MOA of drug or foods (grapefruit juice) that increase statin effect
Midazolam
Block cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan cross - linkage
IV and IM (only LMW)
Inhibit Cytochrome P450 3A4
32. 2nd generation antihistamines
Cefuroxime (2nd) generation - Ceftazidime - Ceftriaxone
Fexofenadine - loratadine - and cetirizine
sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
Thyroid and steroid hormones
33. These drugs strongly potentiate and prolong effect of neuromuscular blockade (NMB)
Ascending pathways
Inhaled anesthetics - especially isoflurane - aminoglycosides - and antiarrhythmic
Cephalosporins
Hepatic toxicity
34. Population group especially sensitive to side effects of antidepressants
Elderly patients
Vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma
Phase I
Hallucinations resembling psychosis
35. One depolarizing blocker that causes continuous depolarization and results in muscle relaxation and paralysis - causes muscle pain postoperatively and myoglobinuria may occur
Succinylcholine
Hot flashes
Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increase insulin sensitivity
Nitroprusside
36. Opioid associated with respiratory depression - but is used in high risk patients who may not survive full general anesthetia
Low potency phenothiazines and ziprasidone
Inhibits phosphodiesterase -5 - enhancing effects of nitric oxide - activated increases in cGMP
Vitamin B12
Fentanyl
37. Class of drugs with ability to decrease the maximal response to an agonist
Noncompetitive antagonist
Aspirin - Nitrates - CCB - and Beta blockers
Potency
Ganirelix
38. This may antagonize activity of local anesthetics
Warfarin (PT)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Gingival hyperplasia - nystagmus - diplopia and ataxia
Hypercalcemia
39. What do alpha cells in the pancreas produce?
Glucagon
LFT's
Cardiac dysfunction - photosensitivity - skin (blue smurf syndrome) - Pulmonary fibrosis - thyroid and corneal deposits
Excessive hypotension and kidney failure
40. Inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone therefore inhibiting corticosteroid synthesis
Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)
Aminoglutethimide
Hypoglycemia
Uterine contractions
41. Moderate opioid agonists
Dexamethasone suppression test
ORAL vancomycin
Codeine - hydrocodone - and oxycodone
Chloramphenicol
42. Anti - rheumatic agent also used for Chron's disease
Prolonged half - life - up to six weeks
CMF (cyclophosphamide - methotrexate - and fluorouracil) and tamoxifen if ER+
Infliximab
Parathion
43. Can be effective for short term therapy of thyroid storm - but after several weeks of therapy causes an exacerbation of hyperthyroidism
Iodide salts
Atracurium
Ceftriaxone
Activattion on an inward K+ current and inhibition of Ca++ current resulting in marked hyperpolarization
44. Fibrates (gemfibrozil) increase activity of
Asthma (bronchospastic effects) - diabetes (block signs of hypoglycemia) and peripheral vascular disease
Lipoprotein lipase
Marijuana
Sedation
45. Mechanisms of action for Phenytoin - Carbamazepine - Lamotrigine
Sodium channel blockade
Red urine discoloration
Buspirone
Estogens increase maternal TBG
46. This parenteral beta blocker is a short acting (minutes)
Yohimbine
Esmolol
Bradycardia - SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION - decrease in HDL - and increase in Triglycerols (TG)
Oxybutynin - dicyclomine
47. DOC for RSV
Mivacurium
Thrombocytopenia
Ribavirin
Chlordiazepoxide and Diazepam
48. TCA used in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) - most significant of TCA's for risk of seizure - weight gain - and neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms
Clomipramine
Diphendydramine
Full agonist
Haloperidol
49. Microtubule inhibitor that causes peripheral neuropathy - foot drop (eg. ataxia) - and 'pins and needles' sensation
Vincristine
Clearance (CL)
Aspirin - Nitrates - CCB - and Beta blockers
Pilocarpine
50. Antidote used for opioid toxicity
Naloxone (IV) - naltrexone (PO)
Infants - closed angle glaucoma - prostatic hypertrophy
Baclofen
Metformin
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