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USMLE/COMLEX Step 1 Pharmacology One Liners
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Subjects
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health-sciences
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usmle-step-1
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comlex
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Neurologic SE of benzodiazepines
Edema - mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CytP450 3A4 metabolism
Anterograde amnesia
Nadolol
Salmeterol
2. Radio contrast media that inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3
Nitrous oxide
Neostigmine
Ipodate
Infants
3. The fraction of administered dose of a drug that reaches systemic circulation
Midodrine
Potassium channel blockers
Bioavailability (F)
Pulmonary embolism and DVT
4. Antidote to reverse actions of heparin
Protamine sulfate
Quetiapine
Barbiturates - phenytoin - carbamazepine - and rifampin
Hypokalemia
5. Treatment of resistant pseudomembranous colitis
ORAL vancomycin
Oral
Stimulates cGMP which leads to vascular smooth muscle relaxation
Clomipramine - fluoxetine and fluvoxamine
6. Selective alpha agonists that decreases aqueous secretion
Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)
Carbamazepine
Propoxyphene
Apraclonidine - brimonidine
7. Agent that is the antidote for methanol overdose
Ethanol - fomepizole
Ganirelix
Albuterol
Phentolamine
8. MOA of quinolones
Inhibit DNA gyrase
Phenoxybenzamine
Haloperidol
LFT's
9. Inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone therefore inhibiting corticosteroid synthesis
Aminoglutethimide
Zolpidem - zaleplon
Ipratropium
Pindolol and acebutolol
10. Anti - seizure drugs used also for bipolar affective disorder (BAD)
Valproic acid - carbamazepine - phenytoin and gabapentin
Erythropoietin
Somatrem
Succinylcholine
11. Approved for use in severe pulmonary HTN
PGI2 (epoprostenol)
Desflurane
block SLUD (salivation - lacrimation - urination - defecation
Leuprolide
12. MOA of class IV antiarrhythmics
Hydration and mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA)
AZT (zidovudine)
Calcium channel blockers
Dipyridamole
13. Structurally related to acetylcholine - used to produce muscle paralysis in order to facilitate surgery or artifical ventilation. Full doses lead to respiratory paralysis and require ventilation
Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU)
Neuromuscular blocking drugs
Bile acid - binding resins
Phentolamine
14. Readily detected markers that may assist in diagnosis of the cause of a drug overdose include
Changes in heart rate - blood pressure - respiration - body temperature - sweating - bowel signs - and pupillary responses
Acetazolamide
Dapsone - rifampin and clofazimine combination
Increasing sodium excretion and decreases arterial and venous tone
15. Antidote to reverse actions of warfarin
B- blockers
Glyburide - glipizide - and rosiglitazone
Asthma (bronchospastic effects) - diabetes (block signs of hypoglycemia) and peripheral vascular disease
Vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma
16. MOA of both generations
Insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels
Liver toxicity
Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
Risperidone
17. MOA of erythromycin
IV administration
Iodide salts
Inhibition of protein synthesis at the 50s subunit of ribosome
SSRI's - bupropion - and venlafaxine
18. SE for ganciclovir
Dimenhydrinate - meclizine - and other 1st generation
Neutro - leuko and thrombocytopenia
Ortho - Evra
Dimercaprol - EDTA
19. Used to treat patients exposed to insecticides such as parathion
N- acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Succinylcholine
Pralidoxime - atropine
Efficacy
20. MOA of Leflunomide (newer agent)
Dexrazoxane
Cartilage damage
Diphenoxylate - Loperamide
Inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase which leads to decreased pyrimidine synthesis - decreased T cell proliferation and decreased antibody production by B cells
21. PTU (propylthiouracil) MOA
Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis by blocking iodination of the tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin
Maprotiline
Cyclophosphamide
Maintenance dose (Cp*(CL/F))
22. Thrombolytic that can cause allergic reaction
Dantrolene
prolongs QT and PR interval
Cimetidine - ketoconazole - erythromycin - isoniazid and grapefruit
Streptokinase
23. Drug of choice for leprosy
Anterograde amnesia
Propranolol
Dapsone - rifampin and clofazimine combination
Beta blockers
24. These LA's have surface activity
Islets of Langerhans
Cocaine and benzocaine
Reduce the loss from area of injection
Aspirin - Nitrates - CCB - and Beta blockers
25. Agents having higher sedation and antimuscarinic effects than other TCA's
Mivacurium
Salmeterol
Tertiary amines
Neuroleptanesthesia
26. Agent used for closure of patent ductus arteriosus
Indomethacin
Nitroprusside
Scopolamine - meclizine
Rifampin
27. Antidepressant associated with seizures and cardiotoxicity
Benzodiazepine receptor BZ1 (although do not have a benzodiazepine ring structure)
IV diazepam for short term (acute) treatment; phenytoin for prolonged therapy
Nadolol
Maprotiline
28. Agent decreases the excitatory actions of cholinergic neurons. May improve tremor and rigidity but have LITTLE effect on bradykinesia. Atropine - like side effects
Ondansetron - granisetron - dolasetron and alosetron
Benztropine
Venlafaxine
Timolol (nonselective) - betaxolol (selective)
29. Agents acting in the CNS or in the skeletal muscle - used to reduce abnormally elevated tone caused by neurologic or muscle end plate disease
Amrinone and milrinone
Drug induced Parkinsonism
Depression of medullary and cardiovascular centers
Spasmolytic drugs
30. Route of administration of warfarin
Oral
Prazosin - terazosin and doxazosin (- AZOSIN ending)
Ascending pathways
Lepirudin
31. SE of Amiodarone
Spironolactone
Desflurane
Cardiac dysfunction - photosensitivity - skin (blue smurf syndrome) - Pulmonary fibrosis - thyroid and corneal deposits
Torsades de pointes
32. SE of OCs
Valproic acid
Epinephrine
Increased thromboembolic events
Doxepin
33. B- blockers that are more cardioselective
Inhibit Na+/Cl - cotransport
Hyperuricemia - hypokalemia and ototoxicity
Beta -1 selective blockers
Minocycline
34. MOA of AGI's
Act on intestine - delay digestion and absorption of glucose formed from digestion of starch and disacchrides
Cartilage damage
Nifedipine
Aminoglutethimide
35. Site of action for zaleplon and zolpidem
First generation due to being more lipid - soluble
Benzodiazepine receptor BZ1 (although do not have a benzodiazepine ring structure)
Topical mupirocin (Bactroban)
Thioridazine
36. 2nd generation antihistamines
Nitrous oxide
Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime
Amoxicillin
Fexofenadine - loratadine - and cetirizine
37. Usual time needed for full effect of antidepressant therapy
Succinylcholine
Therapeutic index
2 to 3 weeks
Apraclonidine - brimonidine
38. Anti - viral with a dose limiting toxicity of pancreatitis
Beta - blockers
6- mercaptopurine (6- MP)
Didanosine
Cyclophosphamide
39. Antidote for acetaminophen toxicity
N- acetylcysteine
Cortisone and hydrocortisone (equivalent to cortisol)
Orthostatic hypotension (especially with first dose) and reflex tachycardia
Nitroprusside
40. The ratio of the rate of elimination of a drug to its plasma concentration
Clearance (CL)
Ganirelix
Angiotensin receptor
Pentoxifylline
41. Important in synthesis of glucose to glycogen in the liver
Nifurtimox
Osteopenia - impaired wound healing - inc. risk of infection - inc. appetite - HTN - edema - PUD - euphoria - psychosis - stria - thinning of skin
GLUT 2
Protamine
42. Class of drugs with ability to decrease the maximal response to an agonist
Prazosin - terazosin and doxazosin (- AZOSIN ending)
Noncompetitive antagonist
Mivacurium
Ipratropium
43. 'Date rape drug'
Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption
Amiodarone
Flunitrazepam (rohypnol)
Chlorpheniramine or cyclizine
44. Type of kinetics when a constant percentage of substrate is metabolized per unit time
Na+/K+ exchange
First order kinetics
Mirtazapine
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
45. Drugs decrease intestinal absorption of cholesterol
Bile acid - binding resins
Steroids
SEVERE myelosuppression
Monamine oxidase inhibitors
46. Used intravenously for acute arrhythmias during surgery
Hepatotoxicity
Esmolol
Paresthesias - alkalization of the urine (which may ppt. Ca salts) - hypokalemia - acidosis - and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment
Lipoprotein lipase
47. Anti - androgen used for hirsutism in females
Lupus - like syndrome
Thioridazine
Cyproterone acetate
Folic acid
48. Drug used in Chagas disease
Liver toxicity - increased serum cholesterol
Metformin
Nifurtimox
GFR
49. Incidence of hyoglycemia with metformin
Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
None
Adriamycin (doxorubicin) +bleomycin - vinblastine +dacarbazine
Older antipsychotic agents - D2 receptors
50. Cholinomimetics that increase outflow - open trabecular meshwork - and cause ciliary muscle contraction
Acyclovir; incorporated into viral DNA and chain termination
Pilocarpine - carbachol - physostigmine
Lepirudin
Tamsulosin
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