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USMLE/COMLEX Step 1 Pharmacology One Liners
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Subjects
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health-sciences
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usmle-step-1
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comlex
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. SE of minoxidil
Hypertrichosis
Ganciclovir - zidovudine - saquinavir - and interferon
Activattion on an inward K+ current and inhibition of Ca++ current resulting in marked hyperpolarization
Increases concentration of Digoxin
2. Antidepressants with no effect on BP - no sedation
Methadone - followed by slow dose reduction
Affinity
Estrogen
SSRIs
3. Important in muscle and adipose tissue for glucose transport across muscles and TG storage by lipoprotein lipase activation
Cytomel
GLUT 4
Amoxapine
Sulfasalazine
4. Antiarrhythmic effective in most types of arrhythmia
Digibind (also need to d/c digoxin - normalize K+ - and lidocaine if pt. Is arrhythmic)
Amiodarone
Dextromethorphan - Codeine
Oxidation - reduction - hydrolysis
5. Enzyme that metabolizes acetaldehyde to acetate
Bromocriptine
Bioavailability (F)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Phenytoin
6. Where are beta cells found in the pancreas?
Panic attacks - social phobias - bulimia nervosa - and PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) - OCD
Aspirin
Islets of Langerhans
Acebutolol and atenolol
7. SSRI indicated for premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Aminocaproic acid
Glucagon
Fluoxetine (Sarafem)
Hypoglycemia
8. Toxic effect of anticancer drug can be lessened by rescue agents
Beta1 agonists
Acetazolamide
Magnesium sulfate
Rescue therapy
9. MOA for Ethosuximide
Timolol (nonselective) - betaxolol (selective)
Sumatriptan
Beta blockers
Calcium channels
10. Vancomycin MOA
Dimercaprol - EDTA
Blocks peptidoglycan synthesis
sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
Reduce the loss from area of injection
11. Opioid used in the management of withdrawal states
Postural hypotension - reflex tachycardia - hot flashes - and throbbing headache due to meningeal artery dilation
DOM - STP - MDA - and MDMA 'ecstasy'
Ticlopidine
Methadone
12. A1a - selective blocker with no effects on HTN used for BPH
Norepinephrine and serotonin
Ketoralac
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
Oxidation - reduction - hydrolysis
13. Estrogen mostly used in oral contraceptives (OC)
Disulfiram
Ethinyl estradiol and mestranol
Venlafaxine
Phase I
14. Toxicities include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity - leading to a severe interaction with aminoglycosides
LFT's
Cisplatin
Lepirudin
Clomiphene and tamoxifen
15. DOC for malignant hyperthermia by acting on the sacroplasmic reticulum or skeletal muscle
Nitroprusside
Dantrolene
Valproic acid and Phenytoin
hydroxyzine (Atarax)
16. Amino acid derivative - active as an insulin secretagogue
Dopamine
Nateglinide
'On - off - phenomenon'
Propranolol
17. Almost all local anesthetics have this property and sometimes require the administration of vasoconstrictors (ex. Epinephrine) to prolong activity
Psychotic state - overdose causes agitation - restlessness - tachycardia - hyperthermia - hyperreflexia - and seizures
Bleomycin - vinca alkaloids - antimetabolites (eg. - 5- FU - 6- MP - methotrexate - etoposide)
Vasodilation
Sodium bicarbonate
18. Regimen used for non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
CHOP (cyclophosphamide - doxorubicin - vincristine - and prednisone) plus rituximab
Epinephrine
Oral
Increased thromboembolic events
19. MOA for benzodiazepines and barbiturates
Coma - Convulsions - Cardiac problems (arrhythmias and wide QRS)
Aztreonam
GABA- related targets
Nitrous oxide
20. Concurrent use of fibrates and statins increases risk of
Calcium
Rhabdomyolysis
Penicillamine
Magnesium sulfate
21. Common mechanism by which overdose result in death
Thyroid and steroid hormones
Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone
Aspirin
Depression of medullary and cardiovascular centers
22. Opioids used in anesthesia
FOMEPIZOLE - used to prevent formation of toxic metabolites from methanol and ethylene glycol ingestion
Morphine and fentanyl
Postural hypotension - reflex tachycardia - hot flashes - and throbbing headache due to meningeal artery dilation
Potential for development of Reye's syndrome
23. Some side effects of corticosteroids
Clomipramine
Diazepam - Flurazepam - chlordiazepoxide - and clorazepate
GLUT 4
Osteopenia - impaired wound healing - inc. risk of infection - inc. appetite - HTN - edema - PUD - euphoria - psychosis - stria - thinning of skin
24. MOA of erythromycin
Monamine oxidase inhibitors
Propoxyphene
Nicotine
Inhibition of protein synthesis at the 50s subunit of ribosome
25. Chemical antagonists that bind to the inhibitor of ACh Estrace and displace the enzyme (if aging has not occurred)
Somatrem
Anti - inflammatory - analgesia - antipyretic and antiplatelet activity
Cholinesterase regenerators - pralidoxime
Apraclonidine - brimonidine
26. One depolarizing blocker that causes continuous depolarization and results in muscle relaxation and paralysis - causes muscle pain postoperatively and myoglobinuria may occur
Cocaine and benzocaine
Prednisone - methylprednisolone - prednisolone - and triamcinolone
Succinylcholine
Pyridostigmine
27. This agent regenerates active cholinesterase and is a chemical antagonist used to treat organophosphate exposure
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
Venlafaxine
Valproic acid
Pralidoxime
28. SE of long term (>5 days) corticosteroid therapy and remedy
Interferon alpha
Dantrolene
Adrenal suppression and weaning slowly - respectively
Phenytoin
29. MOA action of cromolyn
Aplastic anemia and renal toxicity
Thyroxine
Iodide salts
Mast cell stabilizer
30. Scabicide organophosphate
Propranolol
Hydroxychloroquine
Malathion
Bleomycin - vinca alkaloids - antimetabolites (eg. - 5- FU - 6- MP - methotrexate - etoposide)
31. Agents acting in the CNS or in the skeletal muscle - used to reduce abnormally elevated tone caused by neurologic or muscle end plate disease
Spasmolytic drugs
Phentolamine
Nandrolone - oxymetholone - and oxandrolone
Didanosine
32. Bronchodilation in asthma and COPD
Ipratropium
IV and IM (only LMW)
Inhibit DNA gyrase
Increases concentration of Digoxin
33. 2nd generation antihistamines
Amphetamines
Fexofenadine - loratadine - and cetirizine
Geriatrics due to its CNS (depression) effects
Nefazodone
34. Anti - seizure drugs used as alternative drugs for mood stabilization
Carbamazepine - gabapentin - lamotrigine - and valproic acid
Desflurane
Raloxifene
Oxytocin
35. Endogenous insulin contains
Celecoxib
Vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma
Normal C- peptide
Constipation - edema - and headache
36. Examples of alpha - glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)
C- peptide
Adalimumab - infliximab and etanercept
Acarbose - miglitol
Gynecomastia
37. MOA of repaglinide
Insulin release from pancreas; faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea
Diazepam - Flurazepam - chlordiazepoxide - and clorazepate
Warfarin (PT)
Infliximab
38. Lacrimation - rhinorrhea - yawning - sweating - weakness - gooseflesh - nausea - and vomiting - tremor - muscle jerks - and hyperpnea are signs of this syndrome
LD50
Abstinence syndrome
Mast cell stabilizer
Pilocarpine - carbachol - physostigmine
39. Mechanisms of action for Phenytoin - Carbamazepine - Lamotrigine
Sodium channel blockade
Inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase which leads to decreased pyrimidine synthesis - decreased T cell proliferation and decreased antibody production by B cells
Miosis and constipation
L- thyroxine (T4)
40. Thrombolytic that can cause allergic reaction
Serum ammonia and LFT's
Log - kill hypothesis
Streptokinase
Prilocaine
41. The most toxic organophosphate
Parathion
Insulin secretagogue - closes ATP- sensitive K+ channel
Amphetamines
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
42. Used for Addison's disease - Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) - inflammation - allergies - and asthma (as a local inhalation)
Ondansetron - granisetron - dolasetron and alosetron
Leuprolide
Glucocorticoids
Phenytoin
43. Vitamins containing iron should Not be taken simultaneously with levothyroxine because
Side - effect profile and prior pt response
Iron deiodinates thyroxine
100% O2 and hyperbaric O2
Risperidone
44. Agent used to treat chronic gout by increasing uric acid secretion and excretion
Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Panic attacks - social phobias - bulimia nervosa - and PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) - OCD
Dry cough
45. Long acting insulin
Barbiturates - phenytoin - carbamazepine - and rifampin
Ultralente (humulin U)
Cimetidine - ketoconazole - erythromycin - isoniazid and grapefruit
Na+/K+ exchange
46. Weak opioid agonist - poor analgesic - its overdose can cause severe toxicity including respiratory depression - circulatory collapse - pulmonary edema - and seizures
Halothane
Propoxyphene
Glucocorticoids
Lithium
47. Cystitis - postoperative bladder spasms - or incontinence
Methadone
Retinal destruction and dermatitis
Increases concentration of Digoxin
Oxybutynin - dicyclomine
48. Toxicity caused by nitroprusside and treatment
Erythromycin
Metronidazole
Ipratropium
Cyanide toxicity treated with sodium thiosulfate
49. Agent used for megaloblastic anemia (but does Not reverse neurologic symptoms) and decrease neural tube defects during pregnancy
Sodium channel blockade
Block voltage - dependent sodium channels
Folic acid
Cyproterone acetate
50. Thyroxine dose may need to be increased in hypothyroid patient during pregnancy because
Estogens increase maternal TBG
Postural hypotension - reflex tachycardia - hot flashes - and throbbing headache due to meningeal artery dilation
Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis by blocking iodination of the tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin
Uterine contractions
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