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USMLE/COMLEX Step 1 Pharmacology One Liners
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Subjects
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health-sciences
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usmle-step-1
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comlex
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mast cells to reduce release of hisamine and inflammatory mediators
Epinephrine
Cocaine 'super - speed'
Aspirin
nephro and ototoxicity
2. Used in pediatrics to maintain patency of ductus arteriosis
Lipoprotein lipase
PGE1
Aspirin
Competitive antagonist
3. Prototypical drug is atropine
Cardiac anomalies and is contraindicated in pregnancy or lactation
Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone
Nonselective Muscarinic Antagonists
Pregnancy
4. Atropine fever is the most dangerous effect and can be lethal in this population group
Dimenhydrinate - meclizine - and other 1st generation
Clomipramine
Infants
Dexrazoxane
5. Some cell cycle non - specific drugs
Clomiphene and tamoxifen
increase the FREQUENCY of GABA- mediated chloride ion channel opening
Benztropine - trihexyphenidyl
Alkylating agents (eg. - mechlorethamine - cyclophosphamide) - antibiotics (doxorubicin - daunorubicin) - cisplatin - nitrosourea
6. Class of drugs that may cause cross - sensitivity with thiazide diuretics
Clomipramine
Dicyclomine - methscopolamine
Sulfonamides
Beta1 agonists
7. Antiarrhythmic effective in most types of arrhythmia
Amiodarone
Esmolol
Mechlorethamine
Heparin
8. SE of alpha blockers
Flumazenil
Kidney and liver toxicity - diarrhea
Postsynaptic Mu receptors
Orthostatic hypotension (especially with first dose) and reflex tachycardia
9. Drug that causes contraction of the uterus
Ketanserin cyproheptadine - and phenoxybenzamine
Indomethacin
Oxytocin
Pralidoxime - atropine
10. ABVD regimen used for HD - but appears less likely to cause sterility and secondary malignancies than MOPP
ED50
Adriamycin (doxorubicin) +bleomycin - vinblastine +dacarbazine
Depression of medullary and cardiovascular centers
Edema - mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CytP450 3A4 metabolism
11. Aspirin reduces mortality in unstable angina by
Platelet aggregation inhibition
Propofol
Niacin
Spironolactone
12. SelectiveB1 Receptor blockers that may be useful in treating patients even though they have asthma
C- peptide
Inhibit Cytochrome P450 3A4
Acebutolol - atenolol - esmolol - metoprolol
Thyroid and steroid hormones
13. Amount of drug necessary to elicit a biologic effect; refers to the drug's strength
inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclo - oxygenase (cox)
Flunitrazepam (rohypnol)
Morphine - methadone - meperidine - and fentanyl
Potency
14. SE of salicylates
Digibind (also need to d/c digoxin - normalize K+ - and lidocaine if pt. Is arrhythmic)
Tinnitus - GI bleeding
Flatulence (do not use beano to tx) - diarrhea - abdominal cramps
6- mercaptopurine (6- MP)
15. Drug causing depletion of substance P (vasodilator)
Pralidoxime - atropine
Neutro - leuko and thrombocytopenia
Capsaicin
Ethanol
16. Sedation is a common side effect of these drugs - they lower seizure threshold - uses include BAD - acute panic attacks - phobias - enuresis - and chronic pain and their overdose can be deadly
Anti - inflammatory - analgesia - antipyretic and antiplatelet activity
Prednisone - methylprednisolone - prednisolone - and triamcinolone
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
Acarbose - miglitol
17. Drugs of choice for absence seizures
Digibind (also need to d/c digoxin - normalize K+ - and lidocaine if pt. Is arrhythmic)
Scopolamine - meclizine
Iodide salts
Ethosuximide and valproic acid
18. Drug is used with testosterone for male fertility
Glucagon
Leuprolide
Cyproheptadine
Ultralente (humulin U)
19. Blows DNA (breaks DNA strands) - limiting SE is pulmonary fibrosis
Bleomycin
Ethanol - fomepizole
Ondansetron - granisetron - dolasetron and alosetron
Betamethasone and dexamethasone
20. Muscarinic antagonist used in asthma
Elderly patients
Nitrous oxide
Side - effect profile and prior pt response
Ipratropium
21. Inhaled anesthetic - less likely to lower blood pressure than other agents - and has the smallest effect on respiration
Mannitol
Calcium channels
Methotrexate
Nitrous oxide
22. SE for Felbamate
Spasmolytic drugs
SSRIs
Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors
Aplastic anemia and acute hepatic failure
23. DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; has high efficacy and short duration of action
Bradycardia - SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION - decrease in HDL - and increase in Triglycerols (TG)
Isoflurane
Adenosine
Digoxin
24. LA causing methemoglobinemia
GABA- related targets
Megaloblastic anemia
Class IC (flecainide - propafenone - moricizine)
Prilocaine
25. Class of drugs whose MOA utilizes ligand gated ion channels
Valproic acid
prolongs QT and PR interval
Diazepam
Benzodiazepines and calcium channel blockers
26. Somatotropin (GH) analog used in GH deficiency (dwarfism)
Methotrexate
Somatrem
IV diazepam for short term (acute) treatment; phenytoin for prolonged therapy
Flumazenil
27. Neurotoxicity with isoniazid (INH) prevented by
Administration of Vit. B6 (pyridoxine)
GI bleeding
Lorazepam - oxazepam - and temazepam
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
28. Alpha 1 agonist toxicity
Quetiapine
Hypertension
Testicular cancer
Apraclonidine - brimonidine
29. Inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone therefore inhibiting corticosteroid synthesis
Glucagon
Disulfiram - metronidazole - certain sulfonylureas and cephalosporins
Insulin
Aminoglutethimide
30. Regimen used for breast cancer
CMF (cyclophosphamide - methotrexate - and fluorouracil) and tamoxifen if ER+
Nevirapine - amprenavir
Clozapine
Dexamethasone suppression test
31. COX 2 inhibitors may have reduced risk of
Aminocaproic acid
Gastric ulcers and GI Bleeding
Neutropenia and agranulocytosis
Aminocaproic acid
32. Available bisphosphonates
Aztreonam
L- dopa
Chlordiazepoxide and Diazepam
Alendronate - etidronate - risedronate - pamidronate - tiludronate - and zoledronic acid
33. SE of mirtazapine
Phenytoin
Alpha1 agonists
Organic nitrites
Liver toxicity - increased serum cholesterol
34. SSRI indicated for premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Fluoxetine (Sarafem)
Bromocriptine
Anterograde amnesia
Aspirin
35. Initial DMARD of choice for patients with RA
Parathion
Classic
Methotrexate
Acarbose
36. Tubocurarine is the prototype - pancuronium - atracurium - vecuronium are newer short acting agent - produce competitive block at end plate nicotinic receptor - causing flaccid paralysis
Inhibits phosphodiesterase -5 - enhancing effects of nitric oxide - activated increases in cGMP
SSRI's - bupropion - and venlafaxine
Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers
Adalimumab - infliximab and etanercept
37. Agent to treat hypochromic microcytic anemias
sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim
Low therapeutic index
Ferrous sulfate
St. Anthony's Fire
38. Class of antibiotics that have 10% cross sensitivity with penicillins
Cephalosporins
Streptomycin
Estrogen
Aplastic anemia and acute hepatic failure
39. NSAID contraindicated in gout
Alpha1 agonists
Aspirin
Flumazenil
Methotrexate
40. Rapid acting insulins that do not self - aggregate
PGI2 (epoprostenol)
Coma - Convulsions - Cardiac problems (arrhythmias and wide QRS)
Cocaine
lispro insulin - aspart insulin - glulisine insulin
41. Agent used for neurological deficits in megaloblastic anemia
Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN - anemia - and MI)
Dopamine
Vitamin B12
Bone marrow and teeth discoloration for children under 8 years of age
42. Drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is used in ethylene glycol exposure
Fomepizole
Hepatic toxicity
Thioridazine
Alkylating agent
43. MOA of NSAIDS
inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclo - oxygenase (cox)
Nephrotoxicity
Ketoconazole
PGE1
44. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors are contraindicated in
Salmeterol
Insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels
Pregnancy
pregnancy and with K+
45. Antipsychotics that reduce positive symptoms only
Methicillin - nafcillin - and dicloxacillin
Glyburide - glipizide - glimepiride - etc.
Older antipsychotics
Zafirlukast and montelukast
46. Drug ofter used in combination with TNF - alpha inhitors for RA
Steroids
high doses
Methotrexate
Carbenicillin - piperacillin and ticarcillin
47. MOA of quinolones
Asthma (bronchospastic effects) - diabetes (block signs of hypoglycemia) and peripheral vascular disease
Inhibit DNA gyrase
Respiratory failure
Buspirone
48. Proteins that prevent action of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- alpha)
Bupropion
Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption
Bromocriptine
Adalimumab - infliximab and etanercept
49. DOC for CMV retinitis
L- asparaginase
Ganciclovir
Platelet aggregation inhibition
AZT (zidovudine)
50. System that increases in activity with chronic ethanol exposure and may contribute to tolerance
EOS
Pilocarpine
Atracurium
Physostigmine
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