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USMLE/COMLEX Step 1 Pharmacology One Liners

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1, comlex

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Scabicide organophosphate
Bile acid - binding resins
Apraclonidine - brimonidine
IV administration
Malathion

2. Removal of PCP may be aided
Urinary acidification and activated charcoal or continual nasogastric suction
Glyburide - glipizide - glimepiride - etc.
Morphine - methadone - meperidine - and fentanyl
Aplastic anemia and acute hepatic failure

3. Toxic effect of anticancer drug can be lessened by rescue agents
Reduce the loss from area of injection
Atenolol - acebutolol - and metoprolol
Rescue therapy
Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU)

4. Well - tolerated and are first - line antidepressants

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5. Ergot alkaloid used as an illicit drug
LSD
Aspirin
Amantadine
Oral

6. This may antagonize activity of local anesthetics
Organic nitrites
Hypercalcemia
Mechlorethamine
5-7 days

7. Toxicity caused by nitroprusside and treatment
Gynecomastia hyperkalemia - and impotence
Cyanide toxicity treated with sodium thiosulfate
Valproic acid - carbamazepine - phenytoin and gabapentin
Oxidation - reduction - hydrolysis

8. Clinical response that may fluctuate in tx of Parkinson's dx

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9. What do delta cells in the pancreas produce?
Dopamine blockade
Thioridazine
'dry as a bone - red as a beet - mad as a hatter - hot as a hare - blind as a bat'
Somatostatin

10. Antidote used for digitalis toxicity
Potassium channel blockers
Digibind (also need to d/c digoxin - normalize K+ - and lidocaine if pt. Is arrhythmic)
Diazepam
Bromocriptine

11. Other side effects of Quinidine
EOS
Thrombocytopenic purpura - and CINCHONISM
Paclitaxel (taxol)
Arteries and veins

12. These agents increase cardiac output and may be beneficial in treatment of acute heart failure and some types of shock
Liver toxicity - increased serum cholesterol
Fomepizole
Beta1 agonists
Ribavirin

13. Regimen used for non - Hodgkin's lymphoma
COX 1 is found throughout the body and COX 2 is only in inflammatory tissue
CHOP (cyclophosphamide - doxorubicin - vincristine - and prednisone) plus rituximab
Alkalinize urine - dialysis
Calcium channels

14. Antidote for hyperkalemia
Acebutolol and atenolol
Ethanol - fomepizole
Cimetidine
sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)

15. Antiglaucoma organophosphate
Tremor - sedation - ataxia - aphasia - thyroid enlargement - and reversible diabetes insipidus
Zolpidem
Echothiophate
Prednisone

16. Agent used for neurological deficits in megaloblastic anemia
Nifedipine
Vitamin B12
Alprazolam
Amrinone and milrinone

17. Drug used in ergot alkaloids overdose - ischemia and gangrene
Suramin
Alprazolam
Cefixime (3rd) generation
Nitroprusside

18. Agent used to treat chronic gout by increasing uric acid secretion and excretion
Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone
Hyperuricemia - hypokalemia and hyperglycemia
Point mutation
Reducing progression of heart failure (never use in acute heart failure)

19. 1st generation antihistamine that is least sedating
Insulin secretagogue - closes ATP- sensitive K+ channel
Benztropine
Chlorpheniramine or cyclizine
Epinephrine - dipivefrin

20. Anti - estrogen used for estrogen receptor + breast cancer
Caffeine
GFR
Cimetidine
Tamoxifen

21. Constant low dose of estrogen and increasing dose of progestin for 21 days (last 5 days are sugar pills or iron prep)
Combination oral contraceptives (OC)
Procarbazine
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Sinus tachycardia and serious arrhythmias

22. Mediator of tissue pain - edema - inactivated by ACE - and may be a contributing factor to the development of angioedema
Tubocurarine
Bradykinin
Prostaglandin PGF2a
Neutro - leuko and thrombocytopenia

23. Agent used for megaloblastic anemia (but does Not reverse neurologic symptoms) and decrease neural tube defects during pregnancy
Muscarinic blockers
Beta - blockers such as propranolol
Folic acid
Ganirelix

24. Newer alpha 2 agonist (apraclonidine and brimonidine) treat glaucoma by acting to
Beta - blockers
Trazodone
Nitrous oxide
Reduce aqueous secretion

25. Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market
Thioridazine
Hepatic toxicity
Dicyclomine - methscopolamine
Atropine

26. MOA of drug or foods (grapefruit juice) that increase statin effect
Nitrous oxide
Inhibit Cytochrome P450 3A4
Bleeding
Amiodarone

27. Diuretic used to treat primary aldosteronism
Thyroid and steroid hormones
Spironolactone
Calcium channels
Digibind (also need to d/c digoxin - normalize K+ - and lidocaine if pt. Is arrhythmic)

28. Beta 1 agonists used in acute CHF
Phenobarbital
Act on intestine - delay digestion and absorption of glucose formed from digestion of starch and disacchrides
Dobutamine and dopamine
Cocaine and benzocaine

29. Anti - arrhythmics that decrease mortality
B- blockers
Acyclovir; incorporated into viral DNA and chain termination
Beta -1 selective blockers
Metrifonate

30. SE of acetazolamide
Acute intermittent porphyria
Succinylcholine
Paresthesias - alkalization of the urine (which may ppt. Ca salts) - hypokalemia - acidosis - and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment
Clozapine

31. This beta blocker lacks local anesthetic activity (a property which decreases protective reflexes and increases the risk of corneal ulceration) and used in treating glaucoma
Chlorpheniramine or cyclizine
GFR
Clozapine
Timolol

32. Radio contrast media that inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3
Ipodate
Acarbose
Deferoxamine
Propofol

33. Long acting beta 2 agonist used in asthma
Caffeine
Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase
Salmeterol
Tetracaine and bupivacaine

34. MOA of thiazolindinediones
Glomerulosa (mineralocorticoids) - fasciculata (glucocorticoid=GC) - and reticularis (adrenal androgens)
Rifampin
Stimulate PPAR- gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism
Cp

35. Heparin (PTT) increases activity of
CHOP (cyclophosphamide - doxorubicin - vincristine - and prednisone) plus rituximab
Low therapeutic index
Antithrombin 3
Insulin secretagogue - closes ATP- sensitive K+ channel

36. Patients being treated with lithium - who are dehydrated - or taking diuretics concurrently - could develop
Hypoglycemia
Lithium toxicity
CMF (cyclophosphamide - methotrexate - and fluorouracil) and tamoxifen if ER+
Patches - gum - nasal spray - psychotherapy - and bupropion

37. Antidote used for organophosphate/anticholinesterase poisoning
Beta blockers
Steroids
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
Atropine - pralidoxime (2- PAM)

38. IV barbiturate used as a pre - op anesthetic
Potency
Gabapentin
Thiopental
Normal C- peptide

39. Maximum response achieveable from a drug
Efficacy
Hypokalemia
PTU
Odansetron - granisetron

40. Drugs of choice for absence seizures
Lupus - like syndrome
Labetalol and carvedilol
Ethosuximide and valproic acid
Somatrem

41. Treatment for opioid addiction
Methadone - followed by slow dose reduction
Fentanyl
Testicular cancer
Amantadine

42. Agents that block L- type calcium channel
Decreased micro and macro vascular disease
Calcium channel blockers
Dimercaprol
Prolonged half - life - up to six weeks

43. Side effects seen with tricyclic antidepressants
Muscarinic blockade (dry mouth - constipation); weak alpha -1 block (orthostatic hypotension); weak hisamine block (sedation)
lispro insulin - aspart insulin - glulisine insulin
Lorazepam - oxazepam - and temazepam
Use in IgE mediated allergic reaction

44. Aminoglycosides used with loop diuretics potentiate adverse effect
Phenylephrine
Ototoxicity
Hypertrichosis
Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU)

45. DOC for tx of pseudomembranous colitis
Glyburide - glipizide - and rosiglitazone
Prazosin - terazosin - doxazosin
Metronidazole
SSRIs

46. THC is active ingredient - SE's include impairment of judgment - and reflexes - decreases in blood pressure and psychomotor performance occur
Marijuana
Somatrem
Additive CNS depression
Dimercaprol - EDTA

47. Drugs of choice for status epilepticus
Blocks peptidoglycan synthesis
inhibit phospholipase A2
IV diazepam for short term (acute) treatment; phenytoin for prolonged therapy
Yohimbine

48. Endogenous insulin contains
Normal C- peptide
Buspirone
Islets of Langerhans
Bleeding

49. Drug used concurrently with toxic anticancer agents to reduce renal precipitation of urates
Allopurinol
Pilocarpine - carbachol - physostigmine
Selegiline
Halothane and methoxyflurane

50. Commonly abused LA which has cardiovascular toxicity including severe hypertension with cerebral hemorrhage - cardiac arrhythmias - and myocardial infarction
Increases concentration of Digoxin
Cocaine
Caffeine
Parathion