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USMLE/COMLEX Step 1 Pharmacology One Liners

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1, comlex

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. SE of these drugs include dependence - withdrawal syndrome - sedation - euphoria - respiratory depression nausea and vomiting - constipation - biliary spasm - increased ureteral and bladder tone - and reduction in uterine tone
Buspirone
Opioid Analgesics
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Nortriptyline - Desipramine

2. Benzodiazepine used for anxiety
Clozapine
Presynaptic mu - delta - and kappa receptors
Alprazolam
Clozapine

3. Benzodiazepine that has efficacy against absence seizures and in anxiety states - such as agoraphobia
Rifampin - Isoniazid - Pyrazinamide - and Ethambutol
Panic attacks - social phobias - bulimia nervosa - and PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) - OCD
Low therapeutic index
Clonazepam

4. Toxicity of these agents include bradycardia - AV blockade - exacerbation of acute CHF; signs of hypoglycemia may be masked (tachycardia - tremor - and anxiety)
Methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU)
Beta blockers
inhibit phospholipase A2
Magnesium sulfate

5. Pneumonic for 3 zones of adrenal cortex
GFR
Repaglinide
Rhabdomyolysis and Hepatotoxicity
Nadolol

6. Antidote for arsenic - mercury - lead - and gold poisoning
Buspirone
Dimercaprol
Venlafaxine
Zero order kinetics

7. Permanently cures thyrotoxicosis - patients will need thyroid replacement therapy thereafter. Contraindicated in pregnancy
Urinary acidification and activated charcoal or continual nasogastric suction
Amitriptyline
Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers
Radioactive iodine

8. SE of methyldopa

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9. Side effects seen with tricyclic antidepressants
Mannitol
Lepirudin
Muscarinic blockade (dry mouth - constipation); weak alpha -1 block (orthostatic hypotension); weak hisamine block (sedation)
Erythropoietin

10. Mineralocorticoids
Sotalol
Fludrocortisone and deoxycorticosterone
First order kinetics
Halothane and methoxyflurane

11. HIV antiviral class known to have severe drug interactions by causing inhibition of metabolism
Interleukin 11 (oprelvekin)
Serum ammonia and LFT's
Sermorelin
Protease inhibitors

12. Leads to respiratory depression progressing to coma and death
Bethanechol
Alpha1 agonists
Overdose of opioids
Methicillin - nafcillin - and dicloxacillin

13. MOA of colchicine (used in acute gout)
Irreversibly blocking cyclooxygenase
Act on intestine - delay digestion and absorption of glucose formed from digestion of starch and disacchrides
Selective inhibitor of microtubule assembly
Neostigmine

14. Major SE of zileuton
Hepatic enzymes
Liver toxicity
Zollinger - Ellison Syndrome
Letrozole - anastrozole

15. Antidote useful for some drug induced Torsade de pointes
Cardiac anomalies and is contraindicated in pregnancy or lactation
Erythropoietin
Magnesium sulfate
Methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU)

16. Converts asparagine to aspartate and ammonia - denies cancer cells of essential AA (asparagine)
Sotalol
L- asparaginase
Cardiac anomalies and is contraindicated in pregnancy or lactation
Ketamine

17. Hormone inhibiting prolactin release
EOS
Testicular cancer
Dopamine
Ferrous sulfate

18. Beta blockers are used for which type of anginal attack
Amoxapine
Classic
Neuromuscular blocking drugs
COX 1 is found throughout the body and COX 2 is only in inflammatory tissue

19. DOC for influenza A
Work at early distal convoluted tubule
Clomipramine - fluoxetine and fluvoxamine
Amantadine
Nevirapine - amprenavir

20. Digoxin toxicity can be precipitated by
Nitrites
Hypokalemia
Lispro (Humalog) - aspart - glulisine
Oxybutynin - dicyclomine

21. This agent cause increased aqueous outflow
Prostaglandin PGF2a
L- thyroxine (T4)
sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
Vitamin K and Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)

22. This beta blocker is highly lipid soluble and may account for side effects such as nightmares
Propranolol
Esmolol
Ethanol - fomepizole
Nephrotoxicity

23. State of analgesia and amnesia produced when fentanyl is used with droperidol and nitrous oxide
Spironolactone
PCP
Neuroleptanesthesia
Alprostadil

24. Agents that reduce heart rate - contractility - and O2 demand
Alkalinize urine - dialysis
inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclo - oxygenase (cox)
Beta - blockers
Propranolol

25. Contraindications to use of atropine
L- dopa
Reduce aqueous secretion
Decreases protein synthesis by inhibiting 30S ribosome
Infants - closed angle glaucoma - prostatic hypertrophy

26. A hormone whose mechanism of action (MOA) utilizes intracellular receptors
Thyroid and steroid hormones
Heroin - morphine - oxycodone - meperidine and fentanyl
Epinephrine
Increase the DURATION of GABA- mediated chloride ion channels

27. Non - selective Alpha1blockers use to treat pheochromocytoma
Phenoxybenzamine
CMF (cyclophosphamide - methotrexate - and fluorouracil) and tamoxifen if ER+
Ethanol
Oxytocin - ergonovine and ergotamine

28. Lethal arrhythmias resulting from concurrent therapy with azole fungals (metabolized by CYP 3A4) and these antihistamines which inhibit the 3A4 iso - enzyme.
Folic acid
Terfenadine and astemizole (have been removed from the market)
None
Positive Comb's test - depression

29. Antidote to reverse actions of warfarin
Vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma
Dantrolene
Hypoglycemia
Nitrites

30. This may antagonize activity of local anesthetics
Partial agonist
Prednisone
Hypercalcemia
Desflurane

31. SE of clonidine
Adrenal suppression and weaning slowly - respectively
DOM - STP - MDA - and MDMA 'ecstasy'
Rebound HTN - sedation - dry mouth
Iron deiodinates thyroxine

32. Agent used in shock because it dilates coronary arteries and increases renal blood flow
Drug induced Parkinsonism
Estrogen
Dopamine
Glucagon

33. Constant low dose of estrogen and increasing dose of progestin for 21 days (last 5 days are sugar pills or iron prep)
Disulfiram
Hyperuricemia - hypokalemia and ototoxicity
Arteries and veins
Combination oral contraceptives (OC)

34. Common toxicities of cisplatin
Ethanol - Barbiturates - and Benzodiazepines
Ipratropium
Nephro and ototoxicity
Serum ammonia and LFT's

35. SE for ganciclovir
Decreases protein synthesis by inhibiting 30S ribosome
Reducing progression of heart failure (never use in acute heart failure)
Dextromethorphan - Codeine
Neutro - leuko and thrombocytopenia

36. Interferes with activity of T- lymphocytes
Nitroprusside
Decreased micro and macro vascular disease
Hydroxychloroquine
Hypertension

37. Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market
Hepatic toxicity
ACE inhibitors
Diazepam - Flurazepam - chlordiazepoxide - and clorazepate
Tinnitus - GI bleeding

38. DOC to treat chemo - induced nausea and vomiting
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
Cocaine
Odansetron
Stimulate PPAR- gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism

39. Agent with zero - order kinetics
Ethanol
Dextromethorphan - Codeine
Little C- peptide
Pindolol and acebutolol

40. Anti - rheumatic agent also used for Chron's disease
Epinephrine
Ipratropium
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Infliximab

41. Anti - seizure drugs used as alternative drugs for mood stabilization
Valproic acid
Ketoconazole
Carbamazepine - gabapentin - lamotrigine - and valproic acid
Nonselective Muscarinic Antagonists

42. Inhibit angiotensin - converting enzyme (ACE)
Potency
Meperidine
ACE inhibitors
Fludrocortisone and deoxycorticosterone

43. Converted to more active form DHT by 5 alpha - reductase
Prinzmetal's angina
Testosterone
Nandrolone - oxymetholone - and oxandrolone
Increases concentration of Digoxin

44. Cephalosporins able to cross the BBB
PTU
Glyburide - glipizide - glimepiride - etc.
Cefuroxime (2nd) generation - Ceftazidime - Ceftriaxone
Calcium channel blockers

45. Drug used for N. gonorrhea in females
Terfenadine and astemizole (have been removed from the market)
Ceftriaxone
Relax vascular smooth muscle - at low doses dilate veins and at high doses dilate arterioles
Protease inhibitors

46. DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)
Citalopram and its metabolite escitalopram
Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors
Adenosine
Psychotic state - overdose causes agitation - restlessness - tachycardia - hyperthermia - hyperreflexia - and seizures

47. Anticoagulant of choice in pregnancy
Hypertrichosis
Amiodarone
Heparin
Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors

48. Side effects occuring in antipsychotics that block dopamine
Efficacy
Halothane
G- CSF (filgrastim) and GM- CSF (sargramostim)
Hyperprolactinemia - menorrhea - galactorrhea - confusion - mood changes - decreased sexual interest - and weight gain

49. Newer alpha 2 agonist (apraclonidine and brimonidine) treat glaucoma by acting to
Reduce aqueous secretion
Nefazodone
ED50
Block voltage - dependent sodium channels

50. MOA of general anesthetics
Phase I
Most are thought to act at GABA- A receptor - chloride channel
Coma - Convulsions - Cardiac problems (arrhythmias and wide QRS)
Thioridazine