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USMLE/COMLEX Step 1 Pharmacology One Liners
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Subjects
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health-sciences
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usmle-step-1
,
comlex
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inhaled anesthetic - less likely to lower blood pressure than other agents - and has the smallest effect on respiration
Hepatic toxicity
Side - effect profile and prior pt response
Nitrous oxide
Inhibits phosphodiesterase -5 - enhancing effects of nitric oxide - activated increases in cGMP
2. HIV antiviral class known to have severe drug interactions by causing inhibition of metabolism
Protease inhibitors
Indirectly increase intracellular calcium and cardiac contractility by inhibiting Na+/K+ ATPase
Cyproterone acetate
Chlorpheniramine or cyclizine
3. MOA of Cardiac glycosides (eg. digoxin)
Diphenhydramine and cimetridine - respectively
Prostaglandin E1 (misoprostol) PGE2 - and PGF2alpha
Pulmonary embolism and DVT
Indirectly increase intracellular calcium and cardiac contractility by inhibiting Na+/K+ ATPase
4. Toxicities include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity - leading to a severe interaction with aminoglycosides
Reduce aqueous secretion
Dimenhydrinate - meclizine - and other 1st generation
Cisplatin
Dextromethorphan - Codeine
5. ABVD regimen used for HD - but appears less likely to cause sterility and secondary malignancies than MOPP
Classic
Ondansetron - granisetron - dolasetron and alosetron
Adriamycin (doxorubicin) +bleomycin - vinblastine +dacarbazine
Neutropenia and agranulocytosis
6. Antidote used in poisonings: copper (Wilson's disease) - lead - mercury - and arsenic
Penicillamine
Hypertrichosis
Fluphenazine and haloperidol
Opioid Analgesics
7. Some of SSRIs' therapeutic effects beside depression
Panic attacks - social phobias - bulimia nervosa - and PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) - OCD
DUMBELSS (diarrhea - urination - miosis - bronchoconstriction - excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS - lacrimation - salivation - and sweating)
Rebound HTN - sedation - dry mouth
Amphetamines
8. Neurologic SE of benzodiazepines
Midazolam
Zileuton
Metrifonate
Anterograde amnesia
9. Treatment of resistant pseudomembranous colitis
Isoflurane
ORAL vancomycin
Imipramine
Scopolamine - meclizine
10. Digoxin toxicity can be precipitated by
Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase
L- thyroxine (T4)
Hypokalemia
Leucovorin
11. Class of drugs with ability to decrease the maximal response to an agonist
Phentolamine
Noncompetitive antagonist
Neutropenia and agranulocytosis
Penicillamine
12. Dopamine (DA) agonist (for Parkinson's disease) - used also for hyperprolactinemia
Abstinence syndrome
Risperidone
Bromocriptine
Adenosine
13. Window between therapeutic effect and toxic effect
Therapeutic index
Miosis and constipation
Reduce inhibition - suppress anxiety - and produce relaxation
Hyperprolactinemia - menorrhea - galactorrhea - confusion - mood changes - decreased sexual interest - and weight gain
14. SE of thiazide (HCTZ) diuretics
Protamine sulfate
Calcium channel blockers
Hyperuricemia - hypokalemia and hyperglycemia
G- CSF (filgrastim) and GM- CSF (sargramostim)
15. Disease caused by excess ergot alkaloids
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16. Condition will result from in combination of MAOI with tyramine containing foods (ex. wine - cheese - and pickled meats)
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
G- CSF (filgrastim) and GM- CSF (sargramostim)
Prednisone
Hypertensive crisis
17. Somatotropin (GH) analog used in GH deficiency (dwarfism)
Protamine
Increase the DURATION of GABA- mediated chloride ion channels
Somatrem
Older antipsychotic agents - D2 receptors
18. Aspirin reduces mortality in unstable angina by
Platelet aggregation inhibition
Cisplatin
Amantadine
Minoxidil
19. Inhibitor of MAO type B which metabolizes dopamine - used adjunct to levodopa or as sole agent in newly diagnosed patients
Dicyclomine - methscopolamine
Carbidopa
Muscarinic blockers
Selegiline
20. Agents used in treatment of carcinoid tumor
Nitrous oxide
EOS
Liver toxicity - increased serum cholesterol
Ketanserin cyproheptadine - and phenoxybenzamine
21. THC is active ingredient - SE's include impairment of judgment - and reflexes - decreases in blood pressure and psychomotor performance occur
Zafirlukast and montelukast
Marijuana
Adriamycin (doxorubicin) +bleomycin - vinblastine +dacarbazine
Delavirdine - efavirenz - and ribavirin
22. SE of nitrates
Ultralente (humulin U)
Calcium
Postural hypotension - reflex tachycardia - hot flashes - and throbbing headache due to meningeal artery dilation
Regular (Humulin R)
23. SE of long term (>5 days) corticosteroid therapy and remedy
GABA- related targets
Quetiapine
Adrenal suppression and weaning slowly - respectively
Increase the DURATION of GABA- mediated chloride ion channels
24. Angiotensin receptor blockers do Not cause
Dry cough
Carbamazepine
Dimenhydrinate - meclizine - and other 1st generation
Long - acting sedative - hypnotic or a gradual reduction of dose - clonidine or propranolol
25. Alpha 1selective blockers
Temazpam - trizolam - flurazepam
Prazosin - terazosin and doxazosin (- AZOSIN ending)
Bradykinin
Hepatic toxicity
26. Carbamate with intermediate action - used for+A1170 postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention
Carboplatin
Neostigmine
Ethosuximide and valproic acid
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
27. Antidote for tissue plasminogen activator (t - PA) - streptokinase
Phentolamine
Aminocaproic acid
Older antipsychotic agents - D2 receptors
Competitive antagonist
28. All antidepressants have roughly the same efficacy in treating depression - agents are chosen based on these criterion
Side - effect profile and prior pt response
Buspirone
Neuromuscular blocking drugs
Excessive CNS stimulation (seizures)
29. Drug notorious for causing pseudomembranous colitis
Clindamycin
Valproic acid
Diclofenac - ketoralac
Sedation
30. 3 zones of adrenal cortex and their products
Glomerulosa (mineralocorticoids) - fasciculata (glucocorticoid=GC) - and reticularis (adrenal androgens)
Nonselective Muscarinic Antagonists
Acetazolamide
Clomipramine
31. Prostaglandin used in the treatment of impotence
Dicyclomine - methscopolamine
Calcium
Point mutation
Alprostadil
32. Antiplatelet drug reserved for patients allergic to aspirin
nephro and ototoxicity
Ticlopidine
Acarbose
Changes in heart rate - blood pressure - respiration - body temperature - sweating - bowel signs - and pupillary responses
33. Barbiturates MOA
5- flouracil (5- FU)
Increase the DURATION of GABA- mediated chloride ion channels
EOS
Stevens - Johnson syndrome
34. Most inhaled anesthetics SE
Flatulence (do not use beano to tx) - diarrhea - abdominal cramps
Decrease arterial blood pressure
Volume of distribution (VD)
Benztropine
35. SE of acetazolamide
Lipoprotein lipase
5- flouracil (5- FU)
Paresthesias - alkalization of the urine (which may ppt. Ca salts) - hypokalemia - acidosis - and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment
Sumatriptan - naratriptan - and rizatriptan
36. Drug elimination with a constant amount metabolized regardless of drug concentration
Cevimeline
Zero order kinetics
Lorazepam - oxazepam - and temazepam
Digibind
37. Beta 2 agonist toxicity
Nefazodone
Dobutamine and dopamine
Skeletal muscle tremor - tachycardia
Aspirin
38. Antivirals associated with neutropenia
Calcium
Ganciclovir - zidovudine - saquinavir - and interferon
Clozapine
Aspirin
39. Long acting sympathomimetic - sometimes used to improve urinary continence in children and elderly with enuresis
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Magnesium sulfate
Betamethasone and dexamethasone
Ephedrine
40. Opioid available trans - dermally
Amantadine
Cimetidine
Stevens - Johnson syndrome
Fentanyl
41. Increased risk of developing cataracts
Demeclocycline
Quetiapine
Ganirelix
Vitamin D
42. Leads to respiratory depression progressing to coma and death
Ipratropium
Overdose of opioids
Clozapine
block SLUD (salivation - lacrimation - urination - defecation
43. B- blockers that are more cardioselective
Bleomycin - vinca alkaloids - antimetabolites (eg. - 5- FU - 6- MP - methotrexate - etoposide)
Beta -1 selective blockers
Amrinone and milrinone
Pregnancy
44. SE seen only in men with administration of ketoconazole
Stimulate PPAR- gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism
Thioridazine
Gynecomastia
Kidney and liver toxicity - diarrhea
45. Benzodiazepine that has efficacy against absence seizures and in anxiety states - such as agoraphobia
Rescue therapy
Cyclophosphamide
Capsaicin
Clonazepam
46. Antidote used for acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity
Flatulence (do not use beano to tx) - diarrhea - abdominal cramps
Protamine
N- acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
47. Agent more frequently associated with extrapyramidal side effects that can be treated with benzodiazepine - diphenhydramine or muscarinic blocker
Sedation
Ethanol
Epinephrine - dipivefrin
Haloperidol
48. Arterial vasodilator that works by opening K+ channels
Point mutation
Nevirapine - amprenavir
Minoxidil
Dry cough
49. Antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia
Risperidone
Pancuronium
N- acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Insulin release from pancreas; faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea
50. Major route of elimination for Lithium
Pregnancy
Kidneys
Hepatotoxicity
Aztreonam
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