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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE/COMLEX Step 1 Pharmacology One Liners
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle-step-1
,
comlex
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. MOA of local anesthetics (LA's)
Psychotic state - overdose causes agitation - restlessness - tachycardia - hyperthermia - hyperreflexia - and seizures
Ultralente (humulin U)
Block voltage - dependent sodium channels
Act on intestine - delay digestion and absorption of glucose formed from digestion of starch and disacchrides
2. DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)
Adenosine
Pregnancy
Work at early distal convoluted tubule
Dolasetron
3. Beta 1 agonists used in acute CHF
Beta - blockers
Dobutamine and dopamine
Amantadine
Carbamazepine
4. Penicillins active against penicillinase secreting bacteria
Glucagon
Methicillin - nafcillin - and dicloxacillin
Metronidazole
Adriamycin (doxorubicin) +bleomycin - vinblastine +dacarbazine
5. Mast cells to reduce release of hisamine and inflammatory mediators
Valproic acid and Phenytoin
Glomerulosa (mineralocorticoids) - fasciculata (glucocorticoid=GC) - and reticularis (adrenal androgens)
Acid reflux disease - duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer disease
Epinephrine
6. MOA of quinolones
Vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma
Inhibit DNA gyrase
Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors
Methotrexate
7. DOC for management of acute ventricular arrhythmias
Classic
Amiodarone
Interferon alpha
Ascending pathways
8. Antiarrhythmic effective in most types of arrhythmia
Amiodarone
Red urine discoloration
Pregnancy
Cocaine 'super - speed'
9. Difference between aspirin and other NSAIDS
Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase
Clonidine - and methyldopa
Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
Tubocurarine
10. SE of HMG COA reductase inhibitors
Rhabdomyolysis and Hepatotoxicity
Smooth muscle; stomach - heart - and mast cells; nerve endings - CNS respectively
Carbamazepine
Oxybutynin - dicyclomine
11. Beta 1 agonist toxicity
Niacin
Sinus tachycardia and serious arrhythmias
Nitrous oxide
Osteoporosis - Paget's disease - and osteolytic bone lesions - and hypercalcemia from malignancy
12. Non - depolarizing skeletal muscle antagonist that has short duration
Increase the DURATION of GABA- mediated chloride ion channels
Mivacurium
Presynaptic mu - delta - and kappa receptors
Tamsulosin
13. Organophosphate anthelmintic agent with long DOA
Zero order kinetics
Platelet aggregation inhibition
Zolpidem - zaleplon
Metrifonate
14. Barbiturates decrease the effectiveness of many other drugs via this pharmacokinetics property
Liver enzyme INDUCTION
Paresthesias - alkalization of the urine (which may ppt. Ca salts) - hypokalemia - acidosis - and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment
Irreversibly blocking cyclooxygenase
Hepatotoxicity
15. Diuretic used to antagonize aldosterone receptors
Spironolactone
Ipodate
Sulfasalazine
Class IC (flecainide - propafenone - moricizine)
16. These agents are used as antidiarrheal
Torsades de pointes
Risperidone
Diphenoxylate - Loperamide
Thrombocytopenic purpura - and CINCHONISM
17. 5 alpha - reductase inhibitor used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness
Finasteride (Proscar and Propecia respectively)
Rifampin - Isoniazid - Pyrazinamide - and Ethambutol
Marijuana
Atropine - pralidoxime (2- PAM)
18. Irreversible - nonselective COX inhibitor
ORAL vancomycin
Classic
Aspirin
Bleomycin
19. This is combined with L- dopa - inhibits DOPA decarboxylase (active only peripherally) which allows lower effective doses of L- dopa and allows for fewer SE's (GI distress - postural hypotension - and dyskinesias)
DOM - STP - MDA - and MDMA 'ecstasy'
Mifepristone
Carbidopa
Thyroxine
20. Some of SSRIs' therapeutic effects beside depression
Cholinesterase regenerators - pralidoxime
Adriamycin (doxorubicin) +bleomycin - vinblastine +dacarbazine
Alendronate - etidronate - risedronate - pamidronate - tiludronate - and zoledronic acid
Panic attacks - social phobias - bulimia nervosa - and PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) - OCD
21. Used intranasally and decreases bone resorption
Methadone - followed by slow dose reduction
Calcitonin (salmon prep)
Haloperidol
Inhibition of protein synthesis at the 50s subunit of ribosome
22. This may enhance activity of local anesthetics
Changes in heart rate - blood pressure - respiration - body temperature - sweating - bowel signs - and pupillary responses
FOMEPIZOLE - used to prevent formation of toxic metabolites from methanol and ethylene glycol ingestion
Nausea
Hyperkalemia
23. MOA of loop diuretics
Diphenhydramine and cimetridine - respectively
Nesiritide (BNP)
Benzodiazepines and calcium channel blockers
inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl - cotransport
24. Different steps of Phase I
Chloramphenicol
Phenytoin
Regular (Humulin R)
Oxidation - reduction - hydrolysis
25. Scabicide organophosphate
G- CSF (filgrastim) and GM- CSF (sargramostim)
Fentanyl
Malathion
Carbidopa
26. During Phase I these agents worsen muscle paralysis by succinylcholine - but during phase II they reverse the blockade produced by succinylcholine
Corticosteroids
Ticlopidine
Insulin glargine
Cholinesterase inhibitors
27. Plasma concentration of a drug at a given time
Cp
Cosyntropin
Glucocorticoids
Tremor - sedation - ataxia - aphasia - thyroid enlargement - and reversible diabetes insipidus
28. Antidote for beta - blockers and hypoglycemia
Glucagon
Skeletal muscle tremor - tachycardia
Excessive CNS stimulation (seizures)
Rifampin - Isoniazid - Pyrazinamide - and Ethambutol
29. Term for a narrow margin of safety
Low therapeutic index
Indomethacin
Pralidoxime - atropine
lispro insulin - aspart insulin - glulisine insulin
30. Only phenothiazine not exerting antiemetic effects - can cause visual impairment due to retinal deposits - and high doses have been associated with ventricular arrhythmias
Elderly patients
Thioridazine
Pre - existing cardiac or renal disease
Insulin
31. DOC for status epilepticus
Diazepam
Olanzapine - aripiprazole - and sertindole
'dry as a bone - red as a beet - mad as a hatter - hot as a hare - blind as a bat'
Pre - existing cardiac or renal disease
32. Interferes with activity of T- lymphocytes
Therapeutic index
IV diazepam for short term (acute) treatment; phenytoin for prolonged therapy
Dimercaprol
Hydroxychloroquine
33. Occurs when sedative hypnotics are used chronically or at high doses
Tolerance
Vancomycin - infusion at a slow rate and antihistamines
Morphine and fentanyl
Torsades de pointes
34. Benzodiazepine that undergo extrahepatic conjugation (which are useful in older or hepatically impaired)
Lorazepam - oxazepam - and temazepam
Spasmolytic drugs
Olanzapine
Alprazolam
35. What do beta cells in the pancreas produce?
Benztropine
Insulin
Lactic acidosis
Isoflurane
36. MOA of erythromycin
ED50
Inhibition of protein synthesis at the 50s subunit of ribosome
Halothane and methoxyflurane
Streptomycin
37. Benzodiazepine with useful relaxant effects in skeletal muscle spasticity of central origin
Oxytocin
Valproic acid and Phenytoin
Phenoxybenzamine
Diazepam
38. CCB are DOC for
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39. This produces 'dissociative anesthesia' - is a cardiovascular stimulant which may increases intracranial pressure - and hallucinations occur during recovery
Lupus - like syndrome
Flumazenil
Ketamine
Prostaglandin E1 (misoprostol) PGE2 - and PGF2alpha
40. This beta blocker is highly lipid soluble and may account for side effects such as nightmares
Tissue plasmin activator
Amantadine
Ganirelix
Propranolol
41. SE of clonidine
Rebound HTN - sedation - dry mouth
Alprostadil
Edrophonium
Sulfonamides
42. Heterocyclic antidepressants least likely to affect sexual performance - used for management of nicotine withdrawal - SE's include dizziness - dry mouth - aggravation of psychosis - and seizures
Ketanserin cyproheptadine - and phenoxybenzamine
5- flouracil (5- FU)
Valproic acid
Bupropion
43. Anti - emetics used in association with anti - cancer drugs that are 5- HT3 (serotonin receptor subtype ) antagonists
Adalimumab - infliximab and etanercept
Zero order kinetics
Odansetron - granisetron
Nevirapine - amprenavir
44. Toxicities include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity - leading to a severe interaction with aminoglycosides
Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone
Chlorpheniramine or cyclizine
Pralidoxime - atropine
Cisplatin
45. Agent that is the antidote for methanol overdose
Osteopenia - impaired wound healing - inc. risk of infection - inc. appetite - HTN - edema - PUD - euphoria - psychosis - stria - thinning of skin
Ethanol - fomepizole
Etidronate
Infants
46. Anti - seizure drugs used as alternative drugs for mood stabilization
Aminocaproic acid
Carbamazepine - gabapentin - lamotrigine - and valproic acid
Estrogen (HRT- Hormone replacement therapy)
Na+/K+ exchange
47. Selective alpha agonists that decreases aqueous secretion
Citalopram and its metabolite escitalopram
Apraclonidine - brimonidine
PCP
Hyperuricemia - hypokalemia and ototoxicity
48. Inhaled anesthetic with a low blood/gas partition coefficient
Nitrous oxide
Peripheral neuritis and hepatitis
Stimulates cGMP which leads to vascular smooth muscle relaxation
Cutaneous flush
49. DOC for giardia - bacterial vaginosis - pseudomembranous colitis - and trichomonas
prolongs QT and PR interval
Cisplatin
Insulin secretagogue - closes ATP- sensitive K+ channel
Metronidazole
50. The most important sign of withdrawal syndrome
Excessive CNS stimulation (seizures)
Potency
Magnesium sulfate
Olanzapine - aripiprazole - and sertindole