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USMLE/COMLEX Step 1 Pharmacology One Liners

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1, comlex

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Reason ergot alkaloids are contraindicated in pregnancy
IV diazepam for short term (acute) treatment; phenytoin for prolonged therapy
Nevirapine - amprenavir
Uterine contractions
Nesiritide (BNP)

2. Concurrent use of fibrates and statins increases risk of
GLUT 4
Rhabdomyolysis
sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
Amrinone and milrinone

3. Common SE of tamoxifen and raloxifene
Cocaine
Haloperidol or pimozide
Hot flashes
Hydroxychloroquine

4. Allopurinol treats chronic gout by decreasing uric acid production by inhibiting
Cholinesterase regenerators - pralidoxime
Esmolol
Protease inhibitors
Xanthine oxidase

5. Chelating agent used in Wilson's disease
CMF (cyclophosphamide - methotrexate - and fluorouracil) and tamoxifen if ER+
Thyroxine
Inhaled anesthetics - especially isoflurane - aminoglycosides - and antiarrhythmic
Penicillamine

6. Vitamin K dependent anticoagulant
Warfarin (PT)
Diazepam
Valproic acid and Phenytoin
Ketoralac

7. All antidepressants have roughly the same efficacy in treating depression - agents are chosen based on these criterion
Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption
Sodium bicarbonate
Niacin
Side - effect profile and prior pt response

8. Used for hairy cell leukemia; it stimulates NK cells
G- CSF (filgrastim) and GM- CSF (sargramostim)
Cefuroxime (2nd) generation - Ceftazidime - Ceftriaxone
Finasteride (Proscar and Propecia respectively)
Interferon alpha

9. Selective alpha agonists that decreases aqueous secretion
Valproic acid and Phenytoin
Folic acid
Apraclonidine - brimonidine
Glargine (Lantus) - detemir

10. Antidote used for acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity
Carbidopa
N- acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Methotrexate
Bethanechol

11. SE of Aspirin
GI bleeding
Estrogen (HRT- Hormone replacement therapy)
Dolasetron
Meperidine

12. SE of methyldopa

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13. THC is active ingredient - SE's include impairment of judgment - and reflexes - decreases in blood pressure and psychomotor performance occur
Methotrexate
Marijuana
Methadone
Cardiac dysfunction - photosensitivity - skin (blue smurf syndrome) - Pulmonary fibrosis - thyroid and corneal deposits

14. Agent used for neurological deficits in megaloblastic anemia
Vitamin B12
Affect calcium - potassium - and sodium channels
Affinity
Chemical esophagitis

15. Agents that block L- type calcium channel
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Calcium channel blockers
Cartilage damage
Ipratropium

16. Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis - gluconeogenesis - reverses hypoglycemia - also used to reverse severe beta - blocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation
Sumatriptan - naratriptan - and rizatriptan
Calcium channel blockers
Cocaine
Glucagon

17. Mediator of tissue pain - edema - inactivated by ACE - and may be a contributing factor to the development of angioedema
Excessive hypotension and kidney failure
Bradykinin
Nicotine
Cholinesterase inhibitors

18. SelectiveB1 Receptor blockers that may be useful in treating patients even though they have asthma
Carbamazepine
Warfarin (PT)
Acebutolol - atenolol - esmolol - metoprolol
B- blockers

19. Alpha agonist used to produce mydriasis and reduce conjunctival itching and congestion caused by irritation or allergy - it does not cause cycloplegia
Phenylephrine
Ganciclovir - zidovudine - saquinavir - and interferon
Corticosteroids
Ethanol or fomepizole

20. 1st generation antihistamine that is highly sedating
Xanthine oxidase
Use in IgE mediated allergic reaction
Diphendydramine
Flumazenil

21. Approved for use in severe pulmonary HTN
CNS stimulation; GI upset
PGI2 (epoprostenol)
Calcium channel blockers
Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU)

22. Antibiotic causing red - man syndrome - and prevention
Insulin
Vancomycin - infusion at a slow rate and antihistamines
Atracurium
B- blockers

23. NSAID contraindicated in gout
Aspirin
Dantrolene
Hepatic
First order kinetics

24. Common mechanism by which overdose result in death
Classic
Irreversibly blocking cyclooxygenase
Depression of medullary and cardiovascular centers
Methotrexate

25. MOA of nateglinide
Low potency phenothiazines and ziprasidone
Insulin secretagogue - closes ATP- sensitive K+ channel
Caffeine
Tolerance

26. Class II antiarrhythmics are
B- blockers
Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors
Decreased micro and macro vascular disease
Partial agonist

27. PTU (propylthiouracil) MOA
Nortriptyline - Desipramine
Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis by blocking iodination of the tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin
Fluphenazine and haloperidol
FOMEPIZOLE - used to prevent formation of toxic metabolites from methanol and ethylene glycol ingestion

28. Inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone therefore inhibiting corticosteroid synthesis
Pilocarpine
Combination oral contraceptives (OC)
Aminoglutethimide
Organic nitrites

29. Bronchodilation in asthma and COPD
Pioglitazone - Rosiglitazone - Troglitazone (withdrawn/d from market)
Ipratropium
Methotrexate
Somatrem

30. Alpha - glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFT's
Acarbose
Mirtazapine
Reduce the loss from area of injection
Alkylating agents (eg. - mechlorethamine - cyclophosphamide) - antibiotics (doxorubicin - daunorubicin) - cisplatin - nitrosourea

31. Associated with an increased incidence of cataracts in patients treated for glaucoma
Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors
Penicillamine
sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim
Thick ascending limb

32. Agents may exacerbate tardive dyskinesias (may be irreversible and there is no treatment)
Muscarinic blockers
Flumazenil
Pralidoxime - atropine
Low therapeutic index

33. Oral antibiotic of choice for moderate inflammatory acne
Minocycline
Beta blockers
Loading dose (Cp*(Vd/F))
Cocaine

34. Dopamine (DA) agonist (for Parkinson's disease) - used also for hyperprolactinemia
Bromocriptine
Oxytocin
Barbiturates - phenytoin - carbamazepine - and rifampin
Dobutamine

35. MOA of NSAIDS
Vitamin D
Propranolol
Irreversibly blocking cyclooxygenase
inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclo - oxygenase (cox)

36. Captopril and enalapril (- OPRIL ending) are
ACE inhibitors
Geriatrics due to its CNS (depression) effects
Affect calcium - potassium - and sodium channels
Diphenoxylate - Loperamide

37. Used especially in postmenopausal women - dosage should be 1500 mg
Octreotide
PTU
Pramipexole and ropinirole
Calcium

38. DOC for febrile seizures
Phenobarbital
Glucagon
Alkylating agent
Echothiophate

39. COX 2 inhibitors should be used cautiously in pts with
Calcium
Most are thought to act at GABA- A receptor - chloride channel
Vincristine
Pre - existing cardiac or renal disease

40. SE of hydroxychloroquine
C- peptide
Prilocaine
Geriatrics due to its CNS (depression) effects
Retinal destruction and dermatitis

41. Nitrosoureas with high lipophilicity - used for brain tumors
Fluoxetine
Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU)
increase the FREQUENCY of GABA- mediated chloride ion channel opening
Nicotine

42. Treatment of patients with prior episodes of thrombocytopenia after a cycle of cancer chemotherapy
Interleukin 11 (oprelvekin)
Thyroid and steroid hormones
Leuprolide
Agranulocytosis

43. Atypical antipsychotic causing high prolactin levels
Hypoglycemia
Carbamazepine
Risperidone
L- dopa

44. Agent that inhibits alcohol dyhydrogenase and its clinical use
FOMEPIZOLE - used to prevent formation of toxic metabolites from methanol and ethylene glycol ingestion
Prolongs QT interval
Thick ascending limb
Nonselective Muscarinic Antagonists

45. Class of anti - arrhythmics that has a pro - arrhythmic effect (CAST trial) - therefore are used as last line agents
Stimulate PPAR- gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism
Class IC (flecainide - propafenone - moricizine)
Insulin glargine
Magnesium sulfate

46. Prevents thrombosis in patients with artificial heart valve
Pancuronium
Albuterol
Lipoprotein lipase
Dipyridamole

47. H2 blocker that causes the most interactions with other drugs
Cimetidine
Vincristine
Decreases protein synthesis by inhibiting 30S ribosome
Morphine - methadone - meperidine - and fentanyl

48. Monitoring parameter to obtain before initiation of STATINS

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49. DOC for giardia - bacterial vaginosis - pseudomembranous colitis - and trichomonas
Sodium channel blockade
Dantrolene
Deferoxamine
Metronidazole

50. Proteins that prevent action of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- alpha)
Seizures
Adalimumab - infliximab and etanercept
N- acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
First pass effect