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USMLE/COMLEX Step 1 Pharmacology One Liners

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1, comlex

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Sedative - Hypnotics action
Vancomycin - infusion at a slow rate and antihistamines
Dopamine
Betamethasone and dexamethasone
Reduce inhibition - suppress anxiety - and produce relaxation

2. Nitrate free intervals are needed due to
Ondansetron - granisetron - dolasetron and alosetron
Class IC (flecainide - propafenone - moricizine)
Tolerance
Little C- peptide

3. Strength of interaction between drug and its receptor
Acid reflux disease - duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer disease
Methotrexate
Ability to cross the placenta
Affinity

4. Opioid used in the management of withdrawal states
Methadone
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Calcium
Digibind

5. Neurotransmitters affected by the action of antidepressants
Autocoids
Norepinephrine and serotonin
Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime
Gynecomastia and hyperkalemia

6. Short acting Beta 2 agonists that is drug of choice in treatment of acute asthma but not recommended for prophylaxis
Labetalol and carvedilol
Albuterol
Antipyretic and analgesic activity
G- CSF (filgrastim) and GM- CSF (sargramostim)

7. Agent used for anemias associated with renal failure
Erythropoietin
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Hyperprolactinemia - menorrhea - galactorrhea - confusion - mood changes - decreased sexual interest - and weight gain
Thick ascending limb

8. Non - benzodiazepine used as an anxiolytic
Naloxone
Buspirone
Tetracaine and bupivacaine
Cisplatin

9. Cutaneous flush and be reduced by pretreatment with
Dopamine blockade
Nesiritide (BNP)
Aspirin
Hydralazine

10. Anti - arrhythmic with 15 second duration of action
GABA- related targets
Adenosine
Inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase which leads to decreased pyrimidine synthesis - decreased T cell proliferation and decreased antibody production by B cells
Clomipramine - fluoxetine and fluvoxamine

11. Treatment of atropine overdose and glaucoma (because lipid soluable). Enters the CNS rapidly and has a stimulant effect - which may lead to convulsions
Physostigmine
Leuprolide
Tinnitus - GI bleeding
Increasing sodium excretion and decreases arterial and venous tone

12. SE seen only in men with administration of ketoconazole
Flumazenil
Buspirone
Acetazolamide
Gynecomastia

13. Class of drugs with ability to decrease the maximal response to an agonist
Noncompetitive antagonist
ED50
Mechlorethamine
Potassium channel blockers

14. ADH agonist used for pituitary diabetes insipidus
Infants - closed angle glaucoma - prostatic hypertrophy
Carbamazepine
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
Zolpidem

15. Other side effects of Quinidine
Thrombocytopenic purpura - and CINCHONISM
Glyburide - glipizide - glimepiride - etc.
Vitamin K and Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
Alkylating agent

16. Agents used in treatment of carcinoid tumor
Excessive hypotension and kidney failure
Ketanserin cyproheptadine - and phenoxybenzamine
'On - off - phenomenon'
Yohimbine

17. Side effects seen with tricyclic antidepressants
Flumazenil
Changes in heart rate - blood pressure - respiration - body temperature - sweating - bowel signs - and pupillary responses
Cisplatin
Muscarinic blockade (dry mouth - constipation); weak alpha -1 block (orthostatic hypotension); weak hisamine block (sedation)

18. Examples of alpha - glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)
Cocaine
Acarbose - miglitol
Inhibit Na+/Cl - cotransport
Chemical esophagitis

19. This produces 'dissociative anesthesia' - is a cardiovascular stimulant which may increases intracranial pressure - and hallucinations occur during recovery
Uterine contractions
Glargine (Lantus) - detemir
Doxepin
Ketamine

20. Blows DNA (breaks DNA strands) - limiting SE is pulmonary fibrosis
100% O2 and hyperbaric O2
Procarbazine
Bleomycin
Bind ergosterol in fungal cell membrane

21. THC is active ingredient - SE's include impairment of judgment - and reflexes - decreases in blood pressure and psychomotor performance occur
Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors
Amiodarone
Clonazepam
Marijuana

22. Drug notorious for causing pseudomembranous colitis
Clindamycin
Fentanyl
Temazpam - trizolam - flurazepam
Dolasetron

23. Dopamine agonist used in hyperprolactinemia
Fentanyl
Osteoporosis - Paget's disease - and osteolytic bone lesions - and hypercalcemia from malignancy
Enflurane and halothane
Bromocriptine

24. Well - tolerated and are first - line antidepressants

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25. Vitamin given with calcium to ensure proper absorption
Spasmolytic drugs
Vitamin D
SEVERE myelosuppression
Orthostatic hypotension (especially with first dose) and reflex tachycardia

26. Non - selective Beta - blocker also used for migraine prophylaxis
Minocycline
Adenosine
Propranolol
Didanosine

27. Used for Cushing's syndrome (increased corticosteroid)
PCP
Dexamethasone suppression test
Alkylating agent
Physostigmine

28. MOA for Valproic acid at high doses
Verapamil
Affect calcium - potassium - and sodium channels
Radioactive iodine
Cyanide toxicity treated with sodium thiosulfate

29. Newer atypical antipsychotic used for bipolar disorder - known to cause weight gain - and adversely affect diabetes
Nifedipine
Olanzapine
Bradykinin
Nitrous oxide

30. Tolerance to all effects of opioid agonists can develop except
Miosis and constipation
Hepatic
Sermorelin
Rescue therapy

31. Target plasma concentration times (volume of distribution divided by bioavailability)
Rebound HTN - sedation - dry mouth
Insulin glargine
Amiodarone
Loading dose (Cp*(Vd/F))

32. Benzodiazepine used adjunctively in anesthesia
Diazepam - Flurazepam - chlordiazepoxide - and clorazepate
Midazolam
Spironolactone
IV administration

33. SE for Felbamate
Cp
Pentoxifylline
Aplastic anemia and acute hepatic failure
Maprotiline

34. SE of nitrates
Postural hypotension - reflex tachycardia - hot flashes - and throbbing headache due to meningeal artery dilation
Erythromycin
Pulmonary embolism and DVT
Lispro (Humalog) - aspart - glulisine

35. MOA action of cromolyn
Mast cell stabilizer
Ortho - Evra
Adrenal suppression and weaning slowly - respectively
GI bleeding

36. All opioids except this agent (which has a muscarinic blocking action) cause pupillary constriction
Aspirin - Nitrates - CCB - and Beta blockers
Meperidine
Amoxapine
Reducing preload

37. Population group especially sensitive to side effects of antidepressants
Hepatic
Elderly patients
Mirtazapine
Nitroprusside

38. Names of three bisphosphonates available IV
Pentoxifylline
Decrease arterial blood pressure
Pamidronate - zoledronate - ibandronate
Calcium channels

39. Barbiturates MOA
Naloxone
Increase the DURATION of GABA- mediated chloride ion channels
Nitroprusside
Insulin glargine

40. Activation of these receptors open K+ ion channels to cause membrane hyperpolarization
Prilocaine
Edema - mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CytP450 3A4 metabolism
Acetazolamide
Postsynaptic Mu receptors

41. Long acting insulin
Nitrous oxide
Insulin secretagogue - closes ATP- sensitive K+ channel
Ultralente (humulin U)
Buspirone

42. Thrombolytic used for acute MI and ischemic (non hemorrhagic) CVA
Oxidation - reduction - hydrolysis
100% O2 and hyperbaric O2
N- acetylcysteine
Tissue plasmin activator

43. Newer estrogen receptor antagonist used in advanced breast cancer
Psychotic state - overdose causes agitation - restlessness - tachycardia - hyperthermia - hyperreflexia - and seizures
Toremifene (Fareston)
Amphetamines
TD50

44. Antidepressant with MOA as alpha 2 antagonist - has effects on both 5- HT and NE - blocks histamine receptors - and is sedating
Terfenadine and astemizole (have been removed from the market)
Mirtazapine
Nitrites
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)

45. Cephalosporin causes kernicterus in neonates
Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime
Olanzapine - aripiprazole - and sertindole
Adenosine
Anti - inflammatory - analgesia - antipyretic and antiplatelet activity

46. Thyroxine dose may need to be increased in hypothyroid patient during pregnancy because
Hydroxychloroquine
Ethosuximide and valproic acid
Oral
Estogens increase maternal TBG

47. MOA of colchicine (used in acute gout)
Liver toxicity
Cefixime (3rd) generation
Sumatriptan - naratriptan - and rizatriptan
Selective inhibitor of microtubule assembly

48. Major route of elimination for Lithium
Vitamin D
Kidneys
Raloxifene
Atropine - pralidoxime (2- PAM)

49. Organophosphate anthelmintic agent with long DOA
Indirectly increase intracellular calcium and cardiac contractility by inhibiting Na+/K+ ATPase
Additive CNS depression
Metrifonate
Nitrous oxide

50. Diuretics work in CHF by
DUMBELSS (diarrhea - urination - miosis - bronchoconstriction - excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS - lacrimation - salivation - and sweating)
Minocycline
Reducing preload
Nephrotoxicity