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USMLE/COMLEX Step 1 Pharmacology One Liners

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1, comlex

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. GnRH antagonist with more immediate effects - used for infertility
Skeletal muscle tremor - tachycardia
Antithrombin 3
Ganirelix
Pregnancy

2. Oral antibiotic of choice for moderate inflammatory acne
Epinephrine
Neostigmine
Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN - anemia - and MI)
Minocycline

3. Drug that selectively inhibits COX 2
Edema - mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CytP450 3A4 metabolism
Full agonist
Celecoxib and rofecoxib
Risperidone

4. Rate limiting step of alcohol metabolism
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Muscarinic blockade (dry mouth - constipation); weak alpha -1 block (orthostatic hypotension); weak hisamine block (sedation)
2 to 3 weeks
Glucagon

5. SSRI less likely to cause a withdrawal syndrome
Bethanechol
Fluoxetine
'dry as a bone - red as a beet - mad as a hatter - hot as a hare - blind as a bat'
Selective inhibitor of microtubule assembly

6. MOA of loop diuretics
Sodium channel blockade
Allopurinol
inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl - cotransport
Salmeterol

7. Antidote to benzodiazepine overdose (antagonist that reverses the CNS effects)
Enflurane and halothane
Nifedipine
Maintenance dose (Cp*(CL/F))
Flumazenil

8. MOA of thrombolytics
Clomipramine - fluoxetine and fluvoxamine
Arginine
Degradation of fibrin clots and are administered IV
Monamine oxidase inhibitors

9. CCB contraindicated in CHF
Class IC (flecainide - propafenone - moricizine)
Regular (Humulin R)
Verapamil
Affinity

10. Antiprogestin used as potent antagonist of GC receptor
Dapsone - rifampin and clofazimine combination
Mifepristone
Phentolamine
Ketoralac

11. Drug of choice for myoclonic seizures
Tolerance
Valproic acid
Postural hypotension - reflex tachycardia - hot flashes - and throbbing headache due to meningeal artery dilation
Mivacurium

12. Inversely related to potency of anesthetics
Nifedipine
Aspirin
Use in IgE mediated allergic reaction
Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC)

13. DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; has high efficacy and short duration of action
sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim
sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
Adenosine
Prazosin - terazosin and doxazosin (- AZOSIN ending)

14. SE of INH
Seizures
Penicillamine
Erythromycin
Peripheral neuritis and hepatitis

15. Readily detected markers that may assist in diagnosis of the cause of a drug overdose include
Changes in heart rate - blood pressure - respiration - body temperature - sweating - bowel signs - and pupillary responses
Chlorpropamide - tolbutamide - tolazamide - etc.
Ethanol - Barbiturates - and Benzodiazepines
Depression of medullary and cardiovascular centers

16. CCB with predominate effect on arteriole dilation
Reducing preload
ORAL vancomycin
Nifedipine
Act on intestine - delay digestion and absorption of glucose formed from digestion of starch and disacchrides

17. Orthostatic hypotension and QT prolongation
Low potency phenothiazines and ziprasidone
Cocaine and benzocaine
Amitriptyline
Clindamycin

18. NSAID contraindicated in gout
Ability to cross the placenta
Mast cell stabilizer
Esmolol
Aspirin

19. Peptide causing increased capillary permeability and edema
Bradykinin and histamine
Dimenhydrinate - meclizine - and other 1st generation
Aspirin
Scotch tape technique and mebendazole

20. This agent regenerates active cholinesterase and is a chemical antagonist used to treat organophosphate exposure
Ototoxicity
Calcium
Pralidoxime
Insulin glargine

21. Antipsychotic having the strongest autonomic effects
FOMEPIZOLE - used to prevent formation of toxic metabolites from methanol and ethylene glycol ingestion
Thioridazine
Cocaine 'super - speed'
Theophylline

22. HIV med used to reduce transmission during birth
Amoxicillin
Beta - blockers such as propranolol
ORAL vancomycin
AZT (zidovudine)

23. Nitrate used to prevent further attacks
Anterograde amnesia
Valproic acid
Nortriptyline - Desipramine
Oral and transdermal forms of nitroglycerin

24. Inhaled anesthetics metabolized by liver enzymes which has a major role in the toxicity of these agents
Halothane and methoxyflurane
Diclofenac - ketoralac
Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN - anemia - and MI)
Affect calcium - potassium - and sodium channels

25. Blows DNA (breaks DNA strands) - limiting SE is pulmonary fibrosis
increase the FREQUENCY of GABA- mediated chloride ion channel opening
Hepatic toxicity
Clomiphene and tamoxifen
Bleomycin

26. Diuretics work in CHF by
Protease inhibitors
Reducing preload
Anterograde amnesia
Minocycline

27. Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist - it accelerates recovery from benzodiazepine overdose
Dextromethorphan - Codeine
Flumazenil
EOS
B- blockers

28. Endogenous substances commonly interpreted as histamine - serotonin - prostaglandins - and vasoactive peptides
Ethanol
Autocoids
Cyclobenzaprine
pregnancy and with K+

29. Most widely used thyroid drugs such as Synthroid and Levoxyl contain
Hepatic
Rhabdomyolysis and Hepatotoxicity
Adriamycin (doxorubicin) +bleomycin - vinblastine +dacarbazine
L- thyroxine (T4)

30. Antidote for salicylate intoxication
Acetazolamide
Alkalinize urine - dialysis
inhibit phospholipase A2
inhibits HMG COA reductase

31. DOC for bipolar affective disorder
Lithium
Inhibits phosphodiesterase -5 - enhancing effects of nitric oxide - activated increases in cGMP
Yohimbine
Vancomycin

32. Good hypnotic activity with less CNS SE than most benzodiazepines
Acetazolamide
lispro insulin - aspart insulin - glulisine insulin
Zolpidem - zaleplon
Aminoglutethimide

33. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors are contraindicated in
Ticlopidine
Pregnancy
Capsaicin
Calcium channel blockers

34. Drugs decrease intestinal absorption of cholesterol
Dry cough - hyperkalemia
Methadone - followed by slow dose reduction
Bile acid - binding resins
Acarbose

35. Heterocyclic antidepressants least likely to affect sexual performance - used for management of nicotine withdrawal - SE's include dizziness - dry mouth - aggravation of psychosis - and seizures
Methotrexate
Bupropion
Abciximab - tirofiban and eptifibatide
Stimulate PPAR- gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism

36. Very rapid acting insulin - having fastest onset and shortest duration of action
Islets of Langerhans
Postsynaptic Mu receptors
Bethanechol
Lispro (Humalog) - aspart - glulisine

37. ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in
pregnancy and with K+
Scotch tape technique and mebendazole
Atropine - pralidoxime (2- PAM)
Lorazepam - oxazepam - and temazepam

38. All antidepressants have roughly the same efficacy in treating depression - agents are chosen based on these criterion
Full agonist
Acebutolol and atenolol
Side - effect profile and prior pt response
Desflurane

39. Scabicide organophosphate
Vancomycin
Malathion
Stevens - Johnson syndrome
Liver toxicity - increased serum cholesterol

40. These prevent the action of Ach at the skeletal muscle endplate to produce a 'surmountable blockade -' effect is reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors (ex. neostigmine or pyridostigmine)
Leuprolide
Nondepolarizing type antagonists
Dolasetron
Nefazodone

41. Time it takes for amount of drug to fall to half of its value; this is a constant in first order kinetics (majority of drugs)
Calcium channels
Half - life (T1/2)
Inhibit Na+/Cl - cotransport
Zero order kinetics

42. SE of hydralazine
Tetracaine and bupivacaine
Lupus - like syndrome
Pioglitazone - Rosiglitazone - Troglitazone (withdrawn/d from market)
Valproic acid and Phenytoin

43. Inducers of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Bleomycin - vinca alkaloids - antimetabolites (eg. - 5- FU - 6- MP - methotrexate - etoposide)
Disulfiram
Barbiturates - phenytoin - carbamazepine - and rifampin
Trazodone

44. Common SE of sulfonylureas - repaglinide - and nateglinide
Decrease arterial blood pressure
Esmolol
Hypoglycemia
Prolongs QT interval

45. Example of three antidepressants that are indicated for obsessive compulsive disorder
Benztropine
Vancomycin - infusion at a slow rate and antihistamines
Neuroleptanesthesia
Clomipramine - fluoxetine and fluvoxamine

46. Site of action of loop diuretics
Dobutamine and dopamine
Thick ascending limb
Inhaled anesthetics - especially isoflurane - aminoglycosides - and antiarrhythmic
Reduce inhibition - suppress anxiety - and produce relaxation

47. Synthetic analog of ADH hormone used for diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis
Acarbose
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
Indomethacin
100% O2 and hyperbaric O2

48. Antidote for methotrexate toxicity
Cutaneous flush
Leucovorin
Protease inhibitors
Hypertensive crisis

49. Heparin (PTT) increases activity of
Hyperuricemia - hypokalemia and ototoxicity
Antithrombin 3
C- peptide
Affect calcium - potassium - and sodium channels

50. Generation of antihistamine that has the most CNS effects
pregnancy and with K+
Naloxone
First generation due to being more lipid - soluble
Increases concentration of Digoxin