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USMLE/COMLEX Step 1 Pharmacology One Liners
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Subjects
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health-sciences
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usmle-step-1
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comlex
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Antidote used for acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity
Nondepolarizing type antagonists
N- acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Beta - blockers
Ototoxicity
2. Sedative - Hypnotics action
Midazolam
Lepirudin
Reduce inhibition - suppress anxiety - and produce relaxation
Geriatrics due to its CNS (depression) effects
3. Nitrate used to prevent further attacks
Sermorelin
Abstinence syndrome
Fentanyl
Oral and transdermal forms of nitroglycerin
4. Loops lose and thiazide diuretics retain
Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU)
Clopidogrel and ticlopidine
Prednisone - methylprednisolone - prednisolone - and triamcinolone
Calcium
5. Ultra long acting insulin - has over a day duration of action
Glargine (Lantus) - detemir
Quetiapine
Acarbose - miglitol
Calcitonin (salmon prep)
6. Strength of interaction between drug and its receptor
Flumazenil
Edrophonium
Panic attacks - social phobias - bulimia nervosa - and PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) - OCD
Affinity
7. Beta - blockers should be used cautiously in
Inhibition of protein synthesis at the 50s subunit of ribosome
Asthma (bronchospastic effects) - diabetes (block signs of hypoglycemia) and peripheral vascular disease
Selective inhibitor of microtubule assembly
Beta blockers
8. Drug used in Chagas disease
Benzodiazepine receptor BZ1 (although do not have a benzodiazepine ring structure)
Phenytoin
Nifurtimox
Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone
9. Drug of choice for leprosy
Buspirone
Dapsone - rifampin and clofazimine combination
Nesiritide (BNP)
Diazepam - Flurazepam - chlordiazepoxide - and clorazepate
10. SE of loop (furosemide) diuretics
Hyperuricemia - hypokalemia and ototoxicity
Aspirin
lispro insulin - aspart insulin - glulisine insulin
Potassium channel blockers
11. Antidote useful for some drug induced Torsade de pointes
Magnesium sulfate
Suramin
Tolerance
Low potency phenothiazines and ziprasidone
12. Mechanisms of action for Phenytoin - Carbamazepine - Lamotrigine
Ganciclovir
Sodium channel blockade
Tertiary amines
Thick ascending limb
13. Syndrome of hypersecretion of gastric acid and pepsin usually caused by gastrinoma; it is associated with severe peptic ulceration and diarrhea
Zollinger - Ellison Syndrome
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
lispro insulin - aspart insulin - glulisine insulin
Noncompetitive antagonist
14. SE of AGI's
Glucagon
Flatulence (do not use beano to tx) - diarrhea - abdominal cramps
Opioid Analgesics
Hydroxychloroquine
15. Very rapid acting insulin - having fastest onset and shortest duration of action
Stimulates cGMP which leads to vascular smooth muscle relaxation
Metronidazole
Lispro (Humalog) - aspart - glulisine
'On - off - phenomenon'
16. The selective agents loose their selectivity at
Amoxapine
First pass effect
high doses
Flumazenil
17. Irreversible condition resulting from the use of antipsychotics - reserpine at high doses - and MPTP (by- product of illicit meperidine analog)
LD50
Drug induced Parkinsonism
Benzodiazepines and calcium channel blockers
Decreases protein synthesis by inhibiting 30S ribosome
18. Limiting adverse effect of ganglion blockade that patients usually are unable to tolerate
Abstinence syndrome
Severe hypertension
Maprotiline
Rifampin - Isoniazid - Pyrazinamide - and Ethambutol
19. Digoxin toxicity can be precipitated by
Hypokalemia
Nephro and ototoxicity
Abstinence syndrome
Salmeterol
20. SE of acetazolamide
Lactic acidosis
Oxybutynin - dicyclomine
Paresthesias - alkalization of the urine (which may ppt. Ca salts) - hypokalemia - acidosis - and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment
Bradykinin
21. Opioid used in the management of withdrawal states
Levodopa
Methadone
Radioactive iodine
Half - life (T1/2)
22. Diuretics work in CHF by
B- blockers
Reducing preload
Ganirelix
Deferoxamine
23. These Beta blockers decrease aqueous secretion
Timolol (nonselective) - betaxolol (selective)
Thick ascending limb
Inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase which leads to decreased pyrimidine synthesis - decreased T cell proliferation and decreased antibody production by B cells
Vancomycin - infusion at a slow rate and antihistamines
24. Inhibit angiotensin - converting enzyme (ACE)
Point mutation
ACE inhibitors
Nitrous oxide
Clindamycin
25. Treatment of myasthenia gravis
Reducing preload
Pyridostigmine
Benzodiazepine receptor BZ1 (although do not have a benzodiazepine ring structure)
Primaquine
26. Drug used for MRSA
Vancomycin
Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)
Aplastic anemia and acute hepatic failure
Cefuroxime (2nd) generation - Ceftazidime - Ceftriaxone
27. Drug that causes gray baby syndrome and aplastic anemia
IV diazepam for short term (acute) treatment; phenytoin for prolonged therapy
Chloramphenicol
Cocaine 'super - speed'
Dobutamine and dopamine
28. Tolerance is marked and abstinence syndrome occurs
Amphetamines
Mifepristone (RU-486)
Lepirudin
6- mercaptopurine (6- MP)
29. Toxicity of these agents include bradycardia - AV blockade - exacerbation of acute CHF; signs of hypoglycemia may be masked (tachycardia - tremor - and anxiety)
Scopolamine - meclizine
Beta blockers
5- flouracil (5- FU)
Erythromycin
30. Beta blockers are used for which type of anginal attack
Asthma (bronchospastic effects) - diabetes (block signs of hypoglycemia) and peripheral vascular disease
Work at early distal convoluted tubule
Protamine sulfate
Classic
31. DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)
Adenosine
Muscarinic blockade (dry mouth - constipation); weak alpha -1 block (orthostatic hypotension); weak hisamine block (sedation)
Cimetidine
Reducing progression of heart failure (never use in acute heart failure)
32. These agents are used as antitussive
Older antipsychotics
high doses
TD50
Dextromethorphan - Codeine
33. Inhibitor of leukotrienes (LTD4) receptors and used in asthma
Pregnancy
Patches - gum - nasal spray - psychotherapy - and bupropion
Zafirlukast and montelukast
Indirectly increase intracellular calcium and cardiac contractility by inhibiting Na+/K+ ATPase
34. Almost all local anesthetics have this property and sometimes require the administration of vasoconstrictors (ex. Epinephrine) to prolong activity
Aspirin - metoprolol
high doses
Ethanol
Vasodilation
35. Allopurinol treats chronic gout by decreasing uric acid production by inhibiting
Blocks peptidoglycan synthesis
Morphine - methadone - meperidine - and fentanyl
Fomepizole
Xanthine oxidase
36. Cystitis - postoperative bladder spasms - or incontinence
Oral
Block cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan cross - linkage
Regular (Humulin R)
Oxybutynin - dicyclomine
37. Drugs decrease intestinal absorption of cholesterol
nephro and ototoxicity
Bile acid - binding resins
Mivacurium
Increasing afterload and tissue perfusion declines
38. Antibiotic causing red - man syndrome - and prevention
nephro and ototoxicity
Xanthine oxidase
Vancomycin - infusion at a slow rate and antihistamines
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
39. Used especially in postmenopausal women - dosage should be 1500 mg
Salmeterol
100% O2 and hyperbaric O2
Calcium
Parathion
40. Vancomycin MOA
Blocks peptidoglycan synthesis
Acarbose - miglitol
Rhabdomyolysis
Ethanol
41. MOA of thiazolindinediones
Radioactive iodine
Stimulate PPAR- gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism
Rescue therapy
Thioridazine
42. Agent for pernicious anemia
Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)
Decreases protein synthesis by inhibiting 30S ribosome
Presynaptic mu - delta - and kappa receptors
Zolpidem - zaleplon
43. T3 compound less widely used
Ethanol or fomepizole
GLUT 4
Cytomel
Abciximab - tirofiban and eptifibatide
44. Most commonly abused in health care professionals
Heroin - morphine - oxycodone - meperidine and fentanyl
Ototoxicity
Amantadine
Monamine oxidase inhibitors
45. These prevent the action of Ach at the skeletal muscle endplate to produce a 'surmountable blockade -' effect is reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors (ex. neostigmine or pyridostigmine)
Nondepolarizing type antagonists
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
DOM - STP - MDA - and MDMA 'ecstasy'
Ketoconazole
46. Irreversible - nonselective COX inhibitor
Dry cough - hyperkalemia
Atropine
Aspirin
Phenytoin
47. Produce mydriasis and cycloplegia
Beta blockers
Atropine - homatropine - C1208 tropicamide
Spironolactone
Morphine - methadone - meperidine - and fentanyl
48. H1 antagonist used in motion sickness
Potential for development of Reye's syndrome
Dimenhydrinate - meclizine - and other 1st generation
LFT's
Letrozole - anastrozole
49. Drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is used in ethylene glycol exposure
Half - life (T1/2)
Smooth muscle; stomach - heart - and mast cells; nerve endings - CNS respectively
Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN - anemia - and MI)
Fomepizole
50. '5HT-1d agonist used for migraine headaches '
Testosterone
Valproic acid
IV administration
Sumatriptan - naratriptan - and rizatriptan
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