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USMLE Embryo
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Subjects
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health-sciences
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usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. From What embryonic layer does the olfactory epithelium arise?
Mesoderm
Thyroid - cricoid - arytenoids - corniculate cuneiform
Failure of the urachus to obliterate
Surface ectoderm
2. From where does the medulla form?
Neural crest cells
Myelencephalon
After; extrinsic
3rd pouch
3. Where is sonic hedgehog gene produced? What axis is it responsible in patterning?
Maxillary and medial nasal processes
3rd pouch
Thalidomide; nausea
Base of limbs in the zone of polarizing activity; ant - post
4. Weeks _______ erythropoiesis takes place in the liver
can make cells
6-30
Incomplete fusion of paramesonephric ducts; UT abnormalities and infertility
2nd; 2nd
5. What do the groove/clefts of the branchial apparatus correlate to?
Dorsal ventral axis
Ectoderm
Common carotid and internal carotid
Neuroectoderm
6. What secretes hCG?
Folate antagonists
Synctiotrophoblast
arnold chiari associated with thoraclumbar myelomeningocele
Annular pancrease
7. What causes tetralogy of Fallot?
Bulbos Cordis; right ventricle entirely
8
Neuroectoderm
Skewed development of AP septum
8. When does the neural tube form and From what does it form?
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation through foramen magnum
Neural plate; closes by week 4
Truncus arteriosus; pulmonary trunk
5th
9. What embryological structures give rise to the SVC?
Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein
Mesoderm
Arches 3 and 4
Neuroectoderm
10. What is Treacher Collins syndrome? What is the result?
Primitive ventricle
1st arch neural crest fails to migrate --> mandibular hypoplasia - facial abnormalities (cleft palate - decreased slanting of palpebral fissures)
Thickened ectoderm at end of each developing limb
Ventral; failure of urogenital folds to close
11. What is a zygote?
Neuroectoderm
The caudal end mesonephros; the ureter - pelvis - calyces - collecting ducts
Embryonic period; 1st trimester
Sperm plus egg
12. Which branchial apparatus develops into the superior parathyroids?
Increase in oxygen concentration which decreases prostaglandin concentration
Nutrient and gas for exchange; endometrium
Day 6; with implantation
4th pouch
13. What are the aspects of fetal alcohol syndrome?
Mental retardation - holoprosencephaly - facial features - fistulas
Arches 3 and 4
Primitive ventricle
Cerebral hemisphere - thalami
14. What gene is produced in the zone of polarizing activity?
Female; paramesonephric; mesonephric
Sonic Hedgehog
Ring of pancreatic tissue can cause duodenal narrowing; ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum
Synctiotrophoblast
15. The notochord is...
Cytotrophoblast
4th/5th branchial pouches
mesoderm
can make cells
16. What does the midgut form? hindgut?
Duodenum to transverse colon; distal transverse colon to rectum
Failure of the urachus to obliterate; outpouching of the bladder
StyloPharyngeus
Mesoderm
17. What day is the amnion formed?
Surface ectoderm
blood entering the RA
8
Deformation
18. What hormone is hcG structurally similar too?
LH
Folate antagonists
Persistent connection between amniotic cavity and spinal canal; low folic acid
Thyroglossal duct; persists as pyramidal lobe of thyroid; foramen cecum on tongue is normal remnant of thyroglossal duct
19. what junction is the last to canalize? what implications does this have down the line?
Uretopelvis; most common site for obstruction (hydronephrosis) in fetus
Ionizing
External auditory meatus
T neuroectoderm
20. What are the two walls of the prosencephalon and What do they become?
Apical ectodermal ridge
Hypertrophy of muscularis externis of pylorus; surgical incision
Cerebral hemisphere - thalami
Fluid filled syrinx causes expansion and degeneration of cord tracts
21. From What embryonic layer are the serous linings of the body cavities from? for ex - peritoneum?
Turners; inferior
Partial closure of vitelline duct so that the patent portion is attached to ileum; ectopic gastric mucosa; melena and periumbilical pain
is no longer intact
...
22. From What embryonic layer is the bladder and urethra from?
Mesoderm
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation through foramen magnum
Blastocyst; epiblast and hypoblast; synctiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
Week 4
23. What teratogen can cause IUGR and ADHD in a fetus? what else can this teratogen cause?
Neuroectoderm
Nicotine; preterm labor
Bulbos Cordis; right ventricle entirely
When left to right shunting switching to right to left shunting
24. Where is the decidua basalis derived from?
Mesoderm
Week 4
Endometrium
Mesoderm
25. What are the two types of posterior fossa malformations? which one results in a hindbrain crowding? and which results in an enlarged posterior fossa? which one is associated with syringomelia?
StyloPharyngeus
Yolk sac; 3rd week
Arnold Chiari and Dandy Walker; Arnold Chiari; Dandy Walker; Arnold Chiari
Lacunae in between the chorionic villi
26. By what week is there fetal movement?
Yolk sac; 3rd week
Week 8
Bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in upper extremities with preservation of touch sensation
Surface ectoderm
27. What causes a vesicourachal diverticulum? What is it?
Failure of the urachus to obliterate; outpouching of the bladder
Reicherts cartilage: Stapes - Styloid process - Lesser horn of hyloid - Stylohyoid ligament and CN VII
Midgut; 10th week
All or none
28. What is the primitive streak? From what layer does it form?
Mesoderm; epiblast
Foramen cecum and terminal sulus
Synctiotrophoblast
28 week onward
29. what else is the caudal regression known as? What two teratogen can cause this in the fetus?
VACTERL; OCPs and maternal diabetes
Ventral ; motor
Aortic arch (from left side); right subclavian (on the right)
6-30
30. What does the ductus venosus shunt blood away from? What is its remnant?
Prosencephalon
Hepatic circulation; ligamentum venosum
Epiblast
Day 6; maintains corpus luteum; 1st trimester
31. What causes the increase in left atrial pressure to close the fossa ovale?
not covered
Rhombencephalon
Decreased pulmonary resistance in the pulmonary vasculature
Gastric outlet obstruction (bilious vomiting - feeding intolerance - abdominal distention)
32. What axis is Wnt 7 responsible for developing?
Dorsal ventral axis
Ebsteins anomaly; tricuspid atresia
Neural crest cells
2; 1
33. What causes the obstruction in pyloric stenosis? treatment?
Nutrient and gas for exchange; endometrium
Partial closure of vitelline duct so that the patent portion is attached to ileum; ectopic gastric mucosa; melena and periumbilical pain
Ectoderm - mesoderm - endoderm; epiblast - primitive streak - hypoblast; week 3
Hypertrophy of muscularis externis of pylorus; surgical incision
34. From what aortic arch does the first part of the maxillary artery arise?
1st
Cleft lip/palate
Neural crest cells
Day 6; with implantation
35. What teratogens can cause discolored teeth?
Tetracyclines
Day 6; with implantation
Arches 3 and 4
Ebsteins anomaly; tricuspid atresia
36. Which branchial arch derivative is obliterated?
5th
The caudal end mesonephros; the ureter - pelvis - calyces - collecting ducts
Epiblast
Neuroectoderm
37. What is the kidney that functions at the interim kidney in the 1st trimester? What does it later contribute to?
elevated AFP
Midgut; 10th week
Mesonephros; male genital system
From endocardial cushions (ventral and dorsal meet each other)
38. From What embryonic layer does the skin dermis arise?
Before getting pregnant!
Hepatic circulation; ligamentum venosum
Mesoderm
Neural crest cells
39. What hormones are in charge of external genitalia development in the fetus? (in both male and female)
Fetal alcohol syndrome; mental retardation
DHT; estrogen
Arches 3 and 4
Decreased separation of hemispheres across midline; cyclopia
40. From What do the embryoblast and trophoblast form from? What does the embryoblast split into? the trophoblast?
Blastocyst; epiblast and hypoblast; synctiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
Neural crest cells
Metanephric mesenchyme; differentiation and formation of glomerulus and renal tubules to distal convoluted tubule
Before getting pregnant!
41. What surrounds the umbilical cord?
Tetracyclines
When the AP septum meets and fuses with the muscular ventricular septum to form membranous intraventricular septum - closing interventricular foramen
Amniotic epithelium
Neural crest cells
42. What is the initial step to interventricular septum development? is it complete?
T neuroectoderm
elevated AFP
Muscular ventricular septum; no
Amniotic cavity and yolk sac
43. What is the memranous interventricular formaen made from?
When the AP septum meets and fuses with the muscular ventricular septum to form membranous intraventricular septum - closing interventricular foramen
4th pouch
Neuroectoderm
All 3
44. From what branchial derivative do the parafollicular cells arise?
Telencephalon
4th/5th branchial pouches
T neuroectoderm
Incomplete fusion of paramesonephric ducts; UT abnormalities and infertility
45. what separates the atria from the ventricles?
Endometrium
Neural crest cells
Fetal and maternal
Endocardial cushions
46. What teratogen can cause inhibition of intestinal folate absorption and thus neural tube defects?
Week 2; bilaminar disk; epiblast and hypoblast
Valproate acid
Prostaglandins
Fetal alcohol syndrome; mental retardation
47. From which myotomes are muscles of the tongue derived from?
Umbilical - midgut herniates through umbilical ring; SMA
Occiptal
Mental retardation - holoprosencephaly - facial features - fistulas
Allantois
48. Which parts of the pancreas contribute to the head - uncinate process and main pancreatic duct?
Dorsal and ventral buds
Mesoderm; nucleous pulposos
Nicotine; preterm labor
1st cleft/groove (Ectoderm)
49. What teratogens can cause CN VIII toxicity in the fetus?
Aminoglycosides
Bone/cartilage and nerves
Neural crest cells
Scrotum; labia majora
50. What three layers form during gastrulation? From What do they form? and what week does gastrulation occur?
Apical ectodermal ridge; limb lengthening; stimulates mitosis of underlying mesoderm
Endoderm
Ectoderm - mesoderm - endoderm; epiblast - primitive streak - hypoblast; week 3
Neural plate; closes by week 4
Sorry!:) No result found.
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