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USMLE Embryo
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Subjects
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health-sciences
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usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When does hCG secretion take place? with what event?
6-30
Respiratory distress syndrome
Day 6; with implantation
Neural crest cells
2. From where does pons form from? what else forms from there?
Ectoderm; endoderm
Sperm plus egg
Metencephalon; cerebellum
Mesoderm
3. What teratogen can cause an absence of digits amongst other things in the fetus? give an example.
Mesoderm
Stapedius and hyoid artery
Increased AFP and acetycholinesterase (not ACh!) in CSF
Alkylating agents
4. What type of radiation is teratogenic ?
Ionizing
Neural crest cells
During; instrinsic
...
5. What is associated with only one umbilical artery?
Congenital and chromosomal abnormalities
When left to right shunting switching to right to left shunting
...
Metencephalon; cerebellum
6. From What embryonic layer does the spinal cord arise?
hypospadias
Neuroectoderm
3
External auditory meatus
7. From what aortic arch does the stapedial artery arise? the hyoid?
Muscles of Mastication: Temporalis - masseter - Lateral and Medila pterygoids - Mylohyoid - anterior belly of the digastric - tensor tympani - tensor veli palatini; ant 2/3 of tongue
Gastric outlet obstruction (bilious vomiting - feeding intolerance - abdominal distention)
2nd; 2nd
Temporary cervical sinus
8. From What embryonic layer is aorticopulmonary septum from ?
Neural crest cells
Valproate acid
Congenital and chromosomal abnormalities
Blastocyst; epiblast and hypoblast; synctiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
9. From What embryonic layer do the astrocytes arise?
3
pyloric stenosis
Neuroectoderm
LH
10. Weeks _______ erythropoiesis takes place in the liver
6-30
Female; paramesonephric; mesonephric
Metanephric mesenchyme; differentiation and formation of glomerulus and renal tubules to distal convoluted tubule
1st
11. What separates the ant 1/3 and post 2/3 of tongue?
Foramen cecum and terminal sulus
Week 10-12; end of 1st trimester
Mesonephros; male genital system
2nd pouch
12. From What embryonic layer does the retina arise?
Week 3; primitive streak formation from the epiblast makes the three layers
Mesoderm; epiblast
Neuroectoderm
can make cells
13. What is the mcc of renovascular hypertension in children? What does this predispose to?
Rhombencephalon
Endoderm
Mesoderm; 3 week
Renal artery stenosis;
14. What teratogen can cause IUGR and ADHD in a fetus? what else can this teratogen cause?
Nicotine; preterm labor
monoamniotic
Neuroectoderm
Found in lateral neck; from no obliteration of 2-4th clefts
15. From where does the pulmonary arteries and the ductus arteriosus arise?
Fluid filled cavity in spinal cord; C8- T1; arnold chiari II
6th aortic arch
Ebsteins anomaly; tricuspid atresia
VSD
16. What is holoprosencephaly? what eye disorder does it result in?
Decreased separation of hemispheres across midline; cyclopia
Oligohydramnios
Lithium
Week 3; primitive streak formation from the epiblast makes the three layers
17. Monochorionic - ___________ twins are conjoined
Neural crest cells
monoamniotic
XII
Surface ectoderm
18. What teratogen can cause inhibition of intestinal folate absorption and thus neural tube defects?
Maternally derived; meconium
Neural crest cells
Neuroectoderm
Valproate acid
19. what bone/cartilage and nerves are derived from branchial arch 3?
IX; X
Greater horn of hyoid; CN IX (styloPharyngeus)
Branchial arch 2
Nutrient and gas exchange
20. Name a syndrome cleft palate is often seen in
No organ in each; agenesis no primordial tissue
DiGeorge
Ebsteins anomaly; tricuspid atresia
Mesoderm
21. what week do the genitalia start to have male/female characteristics? What trimester is that?
Umbilical artery - vein; and whartons jelly (mucus connective tissue) - urachus
Week 10-12; end of 1st trimester
Base of limbs in the zone of polarizing activity; ant - post
From teh lung;blood from IVC in RA to LA; fossa ovalis
22. What is the effect of teratogens after week 8?
After; extrinsic
All 3
Deformation
Right horn of the SV
23. What gene is produced in the zone of polarizing activity?
Sonic Hedgehog
5th
DES
mesodermal
24. which posterior fossa malformation results in aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephaly? what other spinal cord lesion does this malformation present with?
Neural plate; closes by week 4
Arnold chiari; syringomyelia
Thyroglossal duct cysts will move with swallowing while persistent cervical sinuses in lateral neck wont
Hypertrophy of muscularis externis of pylorus; surgical incision
25. What is the prochordal plate?
Valproate acid
Annular pancrease
Where the epiblast and hypoblast fuse
Surface ectoderm
26. What three layers form during gastrulation? From What do they form? and what week does gastrulation occur?
Arnold Chiari and Dandy Walker; Arnold Chiari; Dandy Walker; Arnold Chiari
Ectoderm - mesoderm - endoderm; epiblast - primitive streak - hypoblast; week 3
lumbosacral
All or none
27. What does the vitelline duct connect? What is it also known as? when should it obliterate?
Aortic arch and prox part of subclavian
Day 6; maintains corpus luteum; 1st trimester
Ventral; failure of urogenital folds to close
Mid gut to yolk sac; omphalomesenteric duct; 7th week
28. What surrounds the umbilical cord?
Amniotic epithelium
mesoderm
Maternally derived; meconium
Decreases
29. From What embryonic layer is the eustachian tube from?
Sperm plus egg
Mesoderm
Arnold chiari; syringomyelia
Surface ectoderm
30. How does annular pancreas present in children?
Metanephric mesenchyme; differentiation and formation of glomerulus and renal tubules to distal convoluted tubule
Gastric outlet obstruction (bilious vomiting - feeding intolerance - abdominal distention)
All 3
1st arch neural crest fails to migrate --> mandibular hypoplasia - facial abnormalities (cleft palate - decreased slanting of palpebral fissures)
31. During what periods do the damages that cerebral palsy causes occur?
Neuroectoderm
VSD
Prenatal and perinatal
Surface ectoderm
32. From where does the permanent kidney for? is it most caudal or most cranial?
Outgrowth of mesonephric as ureteric bud; most caudal
Where the epiblast and hypoblast fuse
Synctiotrophoblast; outer; no
Endoderm
33. What causes the increase in left atrial pressure to close the fossa ovale?
Initial left to right shunting - then switches
During; instrinsic
Decreased pulmonary resistance in the pulmonary vasculature
Base of limbs in the zone of polarizing activity; ant - post
34. What are the two types of posterior fossa malformations? which one results in a hindbrain crowding? and which results in an enlarged posterior fossa? which one is associated with syringomelia?
Wolffian; mullerian
Incomplete; yes
Arnold Chiari and Dandy Walker; Arnold Chiari; Dandy Walker; Arnold Chiari
Surface ectoderm
35. What does the ductus arteriosus shunt blood away from - to where? What is its remnant?
From the the lung; blood from SVC that went into RV gets shunted from pulm artery to aorta; ligamentum arteriosum
Week 4
Absent cerebellar vermis; cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle
Deformation
36. During what week do the limbs begin to form?
Failure to spiral (aorta coming out of RV and PA coming out of left ventricle)- two completely separate systems
Neural crest cells
Week 4
Foramen cecum and terminal sulus
37. How do adults with annular pancreas present? and At What age?
Neural crest development; MEN 2A (pheo - PTH tumor - parafollicular cell tumor)
Oligohydramnios
20-50yrs - Abdominal pain - Postprandial fullness - Nausea - Peptic ulcers - Pancreatitis - Rarely - biliary obstruction
Maternally derived; meconium
38. From What embryonic layer is the kidney and the adrenal cortex from?
Mesoderm
No organ in each; agenesis no primordial tissue
6th aortic arch
Surface ectoderm
39. in hypospadias - on which side is the abnormal opening? What causes it?
Ventral; failure of urogenital folds to close
Decreased pulmonary resistance in the pulmonary vasculature
Arnold chiari; syringomyelia
IX; X
40. What causes tetralogy of Fallot?
Skewed development of AP septum
Neural crest cells
3rd and 4th arches
Obliterated; forms tunica vaginalis
41. Where is sonic hedgehog gene produced? What axis is it responsible in patterning?
Base of limbs in the zone of polarizing activity; ant - post
Endoderm - floor of primitive pharynx
Dorsal ventral axis
Neural crest cells
42. When does the notochord form? and When does the neural plate form?
Ventral; failure of urogenital folds to close
...
Mesoderm; 3 week
Respiratory distress syndrome
43. What does the foramen ovale shunt blood from - to where? What is its remnant?
Annular pancrease
Neuroectoderm
From teh lung;blood from IVC in RA to LA; fossa ovalis
Prosencephalon - mesencephalon - rhombencephalon
44. From What embryonic layer does the gut tube derivatives arise (lungs liver - pancreas - parathryroid - thyroid follicular cells - thymus)?
Embryonic period; 1st trimester
Tetracyclines
Endoderm
StyloPharyngeus
45. What congenital abnormality forms a 'double bubble' on xray?
Thalidomide; nausea
Pataus; fetal alcohol syndrome
Annular pancrease
When the AP septum meets and fuses with the muscular ventricular septum to form membranous intraventricular septum - closing interventricular foramen
46. What germ layer correlates with the branchial pouches?
Fetal alcohol syndrome; mental retardation
Fallopian tube - uterus - upper 1/3 of vagina
Maxillary and medial nasal processes
Endoderm
47. What is the leading cause of birth defects in the US? what else is this perpetrator the leading cause of?
Fetal alcohol syndrome; mental retardation
Persistence of 3rd cleft (groove) and pouch causes fistula between tonsillar area and cleft in lateral neck
Increased AFP and acetycholinesterase (not ACh!) in CSF
Amniotic cavity and yolk sac
48. what closes the ductus arteriousus?
Endoderm
Increase in oxygen concentration which decreases prostaglandin concentration
DiGeorge
Ring of pancreatic tissue can cause duodenal narrowing; ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum
49. From what region does the cerebral hemisphere form?
During; instrinsic
When left to right shunting switching to right to left shunting
Occiptal
Telencephalon
50. Where does the blastocyst implant in the uterus? During what phase of the menstrual cycle?
Post. sup wall; luteal phase
Caused by compression on trocheal nerve - causes vertical gaze paralysis (associated with arnold chiari)
Ventral and dorsal parts fail to fuse at 8th week; 2 pancreatic ducts!- more prone to pancreatitis
secondary palate
Sorry!:) No result found.
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