SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Embryo
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What embryonic structure gives rise to the ascending aorta? what else does it give rise to?
Upper 1/3; urogenital sinus
A vitelline fistula - failure of vitelline duct to close
Truncus arteriosus; pulmonary trunk
Maxillary
2. What is holoprosencephaly? what eye disorder does it result in?
Decreased separation of hemispheres across midline; cyclopia
6-30
Endoderm
Failure to recanalize; 21
3. Which branchial apparatus derivative makes the tympanic membrane of the ear?
Membrane - all 3 from 1st appartus
Duodenum to transverse colon; distal transverse colon to rectum
Dorsal; sensory
Week 4
4. What congenital abnormality forms a 'double bubble' on xray?
Neural crest cells
28 week onward
...
Annular pancrease
5. Which part of the chorionic villi can make cells?
4th arch; 6th arch
Hemorrhage - bone deformities
Cytotrophoblast
mesoderm
6. What is the female remnant of processus vaginalis? male remnant?
4th arch; 6th arch
Obliterated; forms tunica vaginalis
Mesoderm; nucleous pulposos
Blastocyst; epiblast and hypoblast; synctiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
7. From where did a branchial cleft cyst arise if it found?
Found in lateral neck; from no obliteration of 2-4th clefts
Neuroectoderm
Thyroid - cricoid - arytenoids - corniculate cuneiform
Decreased separation of hemispheres across midline; cyclopia
8. From What embryonic layer does the retina arise?
Neuroectoderm
6th aortic arch
Arches 3 and 4
Upper 1/3; urogenital sinus
9. What day is the chorion formed?
3
mesoderm
Wolffian; mullerian
Duodenum to transverse colon; distal transverse colon to rectum
10. Which is more common - epispadias or hypospadias?
Before getting pregnant!
Neuroectoderm
Mesoderm; nucleous pulposos
Hypospadias
11. The inner layer of the chorionic villi...
can make cells
lumbosacral
Blind upper esophagus with lower esophagus connected to trachea; cyanosis - choking and vomiting with feeding; air bubble on CXR; polyhydramnios; failure to pass NG tube; pneumonitis
Wolffian; mullerian
12. From What embryonic layer is the vagina from? testes? ovaries?
Hypertrophy of muscularis externis of pylorus; surgical incision
Failure to spiral (aorta coming out of RV and PA coming out of left ventricle)- two completely separate systems
28 week onward
Mesoderm
13. From where does the permanent kidney for? is it most caudal or most cranial?
Outgrowth of mesonephric as ureteric bud; most caudal
4th week
Thyroid - cricoid - arytenoids - corniculate cuneiform
Umbilical - midgut herniates through umbilical ring; SMA
14. What two things cause VACTERL syndrome?
OCPS and maternal diabetes
1st
Mullerian inhibitory factor from Sertoli cells; increased androgen from Leydig cells
3
15. Which branchial derivative accounts for the sensation and taste in the posterior 2/3 of the tongue? how about the very back?
Dorsal and ventral buds
4th arch; 6th arch
Turners; inferior
ACE inhibitors - HCTZ
16. what other facial defect other than cyclopia is associated with holoprosencephaly?
Mesoderm
Neuroectoderm
Cleft lip/palate
Surface ectoderm
17. What gene is produced in the zone of polarizing activity?
Fallopian tube - uterus - upper 1/3 of vagina
Failure of the urachus to obliterate; outpouching of the bladder
Failure of bony spinal canal to fuse; no; lower vertebral levels
Sonic Hedgehog
18. What three layers form during gastrulation? From What do they form? and what week does gastrulation occur?
lumbosacral
DiGeorge
Ectoderm - mesoderm - endoderm; epiblast - primitive streak - hypoblast; week 3
Umbilical artery - vein; and whartons jelly (mucus connective tissue) - urachus
19. From which germlayer does the thyroid develop?? From what structure exactly?
Endoderm - floor of primitive pharynx
Neuroectoderm
Oligohydramnios
OCPS and maternal diabetes
20. From where to Where is the foregut derivative? midgut? hindgut?
Germinal matrix hemorrhage
Pharynx to duodenum; duodenum to transverse colon; distal transverse colon to rectum
Epiblast
hypospadias
21. What artery is derived branchial (aortic) arch 2?
Ventral ; motor
Tongue
Stapedius and hyoid artery
Germinal matrix hemorrhage
22. What causes persistent Truncus Arteriosus? What does it result in?
Partial AP septum development; one large vessel leaves the heart - Right to left shunt
Ventral bud
Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein
DES
23. Does malformation occur during or after the embryonic period? is it due to an extrinsic or intrinsic disruption?
During; instrinsic
...
Week 2; bilaminar disk; epiblast and hypoblast
Caused by compression on trocheal nerve - causes vertical gaze paralysis (associated with arnold chiari)
24. From What embryonic layer does a craniopharygioma arise?
Ectoderm - mesoderm - endoderm; epiblast - primitive streak - hypoblast; week 3
Thyroid - cricoid - arytenoids - corniculate cuneiform
Oxygenated; placenta to fetus (IVC)
Surface ectoderm
25. Where is the decidua basalis derived from?
Muscles of facial expression - stapedius - stylohyoid - posterior belly of the digastric
Embryonic period; 1st trimester
Endometrium
Decidual basalis
26. Where does fertilization occur?
Mesoderm; epiblast
Occiptal
Primitive atrium
Ampulla
27. What is the physiological herniation that occurs at the 6th week - what herniates out of the umbilical ring? when it comes back in the 10th week - What does it rotate around?
Urogenital sinus; wolffian duct; mullerian duct; urogenital sinus; wolffian duct; wolffian duct; mullerian; mullerian
Maxillary and medial nasal processes
Umbilical - midgut herniates through umbilical ring; SMA
4th pouch
28. What is the fate of the cervical sinuses that develop from the 2nd -4th branchial grooves?
Mesoderm
T neuroectoderm
Obliterated
LH
29. What axis does the basal plate form? what neural system does it become?
4th/5th branchial pouches
Ventral ; motor
Cranio - caudal; segmental
pyloric stenosis
30. From What embryonic layer is the eustachian tube from?
Nutrient and gas exchange
Mesoderm
Endoderm lined structures of ear: middle ear cavity - eustacian tube - mastoid air cells
Surface ectoderm
31. What is the leading cause of birth defects in the US? what else is this perpetrator the leading cause of?
Fetal alcohol syndrome; mental retardation
Prosencephalon - mesencephalon - rhombencephalon
Aberrant development of 3rd and 4th pouches; t cell def (thymic aplasia) - hypocalcemia (failure of parathyroid development) - CF and CV defects
Synctiotrophoblast; outer; no
32. What surrounds the umbilical cord?
Ectoderm
5th
blood entering the RA
Amniotic epithelium
33. When does hcG get secreted? What does it do?up until when ?
Endometrium
Lithium; valve leaflets attach to domain down low in RV- 'atrialized RV'
Endoderm
Day 6; maintains corpus luteum; 1st trimester
34. From what aortic arch does the stapedial artery arise? the hyoid?
2nd; 2nd
Thyroglossal duct cysts will move with swallowing while persistent cervical sinuses in lateral neck wont
Ventral ; motor
Surface ectoderm
35. What are the aspects of fetal alcohol syndrome?
From endocardial cushions (ventral and dorsal meet each other)
Apical ectodermal ridge
V3; VII
Mental retardation - holoprosencephaly - facial features - fistulas
36. What do the 2nd through 4th clefts of the branchial apparatus correlate to?
V3; VII
Temporary cervical sinus
pyloric stenosis
Mesoderm
37. From What embryonic layer do CNS neurons arise?
Mesoderm; nucleous pulposos
Neuroectoderm
Week 3-8
Blastocyst; epiblast and hypoblast; synctiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
38. Where is the most common ectopic thyroid tissue?
Umbilical - midgut herniates through umbilical ring; SMA
Tongue
Amniotic epithelium
Ectoderm - mesoderm - endoderm; epiblast - primitive streak - hypoblast; week 3
39. Which branchial apparatus makes the external auditory meatus?
Day 6; maintains corpus luteum; 1st trimester
1st cleft/groove (Ectoderm)
...
DES
40. At what week does the fetus look like a baby?
Primitive atrium
Arnold chiari; syringomyelia
Aminoglycosides
Week 8
41. From What embryonic layer does the adenohypophysis arise?
Surface ectoderm
Bulbourethral glands (of Cowper) and Prostate gland; greater vestibular glands (of Bartholin) and Urethral and paraurethral glands (of Skene)
monoamniotic
Mesoderm
42. From What embryonic layer do chromaffin cells arise?
Meckels cartilage: mandible - malleus - INCUS - sphenoMandibular ligament; CN V2 and V3
Dorsal; faulty positioning of genital tubercle
Epispadias
Neural crest cells
43. From which branchial derivative does the anterior 2/3 of the tongue develop?
Ionizing
Pulm art (prox) and ductus arteriosus
Ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus; anchors testes within scrotum
1st branchial arch
44. What three components make up the branchial/pharyngeal apparatus?
VSD
Grooves/clefts; arches; pouches
When left to right shunting switching to right to left shunting
OCPS and maternal diabetes
45. What embryological structure gives rise to the smooth part of the right atrium?
Wolffian; mullerian
Right horn of the SV
Mesonephros; male genital system
Valproate acid
46. From What embryonic layer are the cardiovascular - lymphatics and blood from?
Mesoderm
3rd; proximal part of the internal carotid artery
Fluid filled cavity in spinal cord; C8- T1; arnold chiari II
Primitive ventricle
47. From What embryonic layer do the parafollicular cells of the thyroid arise?
Pharynx to duodenum; duodenum to transverse colon; distal transverse colon to rectum
Synctiotrophoblast
Neural crest cells
Incomplete; yes
48. What is hypoplasia? is primordial tissue present?
Incomplete; yes
No organ in each; agenesis no primordial tissue
Thyroglossal duct cysts will move with swallowing while persistent cervical sinuses in lateral neck wont
Arnold chiari; syringomyelia
49. In what chromosomal disorder is horseshoe kidney commonly seen? what poles of the kidneys fuse?
XII
Diencephalon
Oligohydramnios
Turners; inferior
50. what structures are the derivatives of the neural crest cells in branchial arches?
Week 2; bilaminar disk; epiblast and hypoblast
Bone/cartilage and nerves
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation through foramen magnum
can make cells