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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Embryo
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
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health-sciences
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usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does the ureteric bud interact with and What does it induce it to become?
Pharynx to duodenum; duodenum to transverse colon; distal transverse colon to rectum
VACTERL; OCPs and maternal diabetes
Metanephric mesenchyme; differentiation and formation of glomerulus and renal tubules to distal convoluted tubule
DHT; estrogen
2. When does hcG get secreted? What does it do?up until when ?
Palpable olive mass in epigastric region; nonbilious projectile vomitting @around 2 weeks
Nutrient and gas exchange
Day 6; maintains corpus luteum; 1st trimester
Rhombencephalon
3. What is the mcc of renovascular hypertension in children? What does this predispose to?
Renal artery stenosis;
Oligohydramnios
Obliterated
IMA
4. Which branchial apparatus develops into the inferior parathyroids?
Ampulla
Alkylating agents
Indomethacin; blocks PG production
3rd pouch
5. What does the first branchial pouch create?
Where the epiblast and hypoblast fuse
Arnold chiari; syringomyelia
Endoderm lined structures of ear: middle ear cavity - eustacian tube - mastoid air cells
Mesencephalon
6. From What do the embryoblast and trophoblast form from? What does the embryoblast split into? the trophoblast?
Blastocyst; epiblast and hypoblast; synctiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
Endoderm - floor of primitive pharynx
Neuroectoderm
1st branchial arch
7. Which parts of the pancreas contribute to the head - uncinate process and main pancreatic duct?
Neural crest cells
Partial AP septum development; one large vessel leaves the heart - Right to left shunt
Endoderm
Dorsal and ventral buds
8. From What embryonic layer are the pia and arachnoid from?
Neural crest cells
Ring of pancreatic tissue can cause duodenal narrowing; ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum
DiGeorge
Duodenum to transverse colon; distal transverse colon to rectum
9. What is germinal matrix hemorrhage associated with?
Metencephalon; cerebellum
Respiratory distress syndrome
septum primum and/or secundum
Cytotrophoblast and synctiotrophoblast
10. Where is the most common ectopic thyroid tissue?
Ventral and dorsal parts fail to fuse at 8th week; 2 pancreatic ducts!- more prone to pancreatitis
is no longer intact
Oligohydramnios
Tongue
11. What does DHT turn the urogenital folds into? estrogen?
Ventral shaft of penis (penile urethra); labia minora
Temporary cervical sinus
Pharynx to duodenum; duodenum to transverse colon; distal transverse colon to rectum
Week 3-8
12. What embryologic structure provides the aorticpulmonary septum?
Occiptal
Neuroectoderm
Neural crest migration - they then cause spiral
No more umbilical circulation emptying into RA
13. failure to close of what fold results in sternal defects? omphalocele? gastrochisis? bladder extrosphy?
Aberrant development of 3rd and 4th pouches; t cell def (thymic aplasia) - hypocalcemia (failure of parathyroid development) - CF and CV defects
Turners; inferior
Rostral fold closure ; lateral fold closure; lateral fold closure; caudal fold closure
Mesoderm
14. which tracts are damaged first in syringomelia? What tract is preserved?
Polyhydramnios - Down syndrome - Esophageal/duodenal atresia - Imperforate anus - Meckel diverticulum
Tongue
Spinothalamic first
Wolffian; mullerian
15. What do the 2nd through 4th clefts of the branchial apparatus correlate to?
1st branchial arch
Dorsal; sensory
Lacunae in between the chorionic villi
Temporary cervical sinus
16. Does malformation occur during or after the embryonic period? is it due to an extrinsic or intrinsic disruption?
Pulm art (prox) and ductus arteriosus
Neuroectoderm
During; instrinsic
3 -4 -6
17. Other than not having a brain - what else is a symptom of anencephaly? why? hint: think about amniotic fluid
pyloric stenosis
6th aortic arch
Thalidomide; nausea
Polyhydramnios
18. From What embryonic layer is the kidney and the adrenal cortex from?
XII
Prenatal and perinatal
Neuroectoderm
Mesoderm
19. From What embryonic layer does the epithelial linings of the oral cavity arise?
Ectoderm - mesoderm - endoderm; epiblast - primitive streak - hypoblast; week 3
pyloric stenosis
Apical ectodermal ridge
Surface ectoderm
20. From where to Where is the foregut derivative? midgut? hindgut?
Muscles of Mastication: Temporalis - masseter - Lateral and Medila pterygoids - Mylohyoid - anterior belly of the digastric - tensor tympani - tensor veli palatini; ant 2/3 of tongue
6-30
Incomplete fusion of paramesonephric ducts; UT abnormalities and infertility
Pharynx to duodenum; duodenum to transverse colon; distal transverse colon to rectum
21. From What embryonic layer does connective tissue and muscle arise?
Folate antagonists
Mental retardation - holoprosencephaly - facial features - fistulas
A vitelline fistula - failure of vitelline duct to close
Mesoderm
22. What causes the transposition of the great vessels? What does it result in?
Tetracyclines
Mesoderm
Occiptal
Failure to spiral (aorta coming out of RV and PA coming out of left ventricle)- two completely separate systems
23. From What embryonic layer does the gut tube derivatives arise (lungs liver - pancreas - parathryroid - thyroid follicular cells - thymus)?
Hepatic circulation; ligamentum venosum
Most pharyngeal constrictors - Cricothyroid - levator veli palatini; CN X (superior laryngeal branch - swallowing)
Endoderm
First branchial pouch
24. What artery is derived branchial (aortic) arch 2?
Polyhydramnios
Neuroectoderm
Cytotrophoblast and synctiotrophoblast
Stapedius and hyoid artery
25. What is the female remnant of the gubernaculum? male remnant?
Dorsal; sensory
Neural crest cells
Ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus; anchors testes within scrotum
4th arch; 6th arch
26. From what region does the midbrain form from?
Neural crest cells
Aberrant development of 3rd and 4th pouches; t cell def (thymic aplasia) - hypocalcemia (failure of parathyroid development) - CF and CV defects
Mesencephalon
DHT; estrogen
27. From What embryonic layer are the dorsal root and celiac ganglion from?
septum primum and/or secundum
Mid gut to yolk sac; omphalomesenteric duct; 7th week
Neural crest cells
Endoderm
28. What day is the chorion formed?
Glans penis and corpus cavernosum and spongiosum; glans clitoris and vestibular bulbs
Ring of pancreatic tissue can cause duodenal narrowing; ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum
3
Transposition of great vessels (failure to spiral)- right to left shunt; tetralogy of Fallout (right to left shunt caused by skewed development of septum); persistent TA (partial septum development - also right to left shunt)
29. What separates the ant 1/3 and post 2/3 of tongue?
Failure of bony spinal canal to fuse; no; lower vertebral levels
Arches 3 and 4
All intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid; CN X (recurrent laryngeal nerve - speaking)
Foramen cecum and terminal sulus
30. Cleft lip is a failure of formation of the...
Diencephalon
Neural crest cells
Indomethacin; blocks PG production
primary palate
31. what else is the caudal regression known as? What two teratogen can cause this in the fetus?
Week 8
VACTERL; OCPs and maternal diabetes
1st branchial arch
Endoderm
32. What teratogen can cause vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma in the fetus?
Mesoderm; 3 week
Initial left to right shunting - then switches
Maxillary
DES
33. From what region does the cerebral hemisphere form?
Telencephalon
Lithium
Neural crest cells
Neural crest cells
34. The spinal cord is made from...
From teh lung;blood from IVC in RA to LA; fossa ovalis
Yolk sac; 3rd week
T neuroectoderm
All intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid; CN X (recurrent laryngeal nerve - speaking)
35. Gastroschisis is extrusion of abdominal contents out of abdominal folds ___________ by peritoneum
Initial left to right shunting - then switches
Endoderm
not covered
XII
36. What type of blood do umbilical veins carry? From where to where?
Arnold chiari; syringomyelia
Fallopian tube - uterus - upper 1/3 of vagina
Neural crest development; MEN 2A (pheo - PTH tumor - parafollicular cell tumor)
Oxygenated; placenta to fetus (IVC)
37. what invaginates to form the primitive streak?
Neural crest cells
Maternally derived; meconium
Week 4
Epiblast
38. Cleft palate is a failure of fusion of the lateral palatine processes - the nasal septum and or the ________?
Base of limbs in the zone of polarizing activity; ant - post
Failure of bony spinal canal to fuse; no; lower vertebral levels
Medial palatine processes
1st arch neural crest fails to migrate --> mandibular hypoplasia - facial abnormalities (cleft palate - decreased slanting of palpebral fissures)
39. From where is the allantois formed? During what week?
Yolk sac; liver (weeks 6-30) and spleen (9-28 weeks)
Yolk sac; 3rd week
Mesoderm; nucleous pulposos
Cerebral hemisphere - thalami
40. Most myelomeningoceles present in the _______ region
lumbosacral
Endoderm lined structures of ear: middle ear cavity - eustacian tube - mastoid air cells
28 week onward
Lacunae in between the chorionic villi
41. What axis is Wnt 7 responsible for developing?
hypertrophy
Dorsal ventral axis
Persistent connection between amniotic cavity and spinal canal; low folic acid
Endoderm
42. Where is the FGF gene produced? What is it responsible for - How does it do this?
Ventral ; motor
From the the lung; blood from SVC that went into RV gets shunted from pulm artery to aorta; ligamentum arteriosum
Apical ectodermal ridge; limb lengthening; stimulates mitosis of underlying mesoderm
Hemorrhage - bone deformities
43. Monochorionic - ___________ twins are conjoined
Neural crest cells
monoamniotic
DES
Vascular accident intra uterine; apple peel atresia
44. What is used to keep the PDA open?
1st cleft/groove (Ectoderm)
From the the lung; blood from SVC that went into RV gets shunted from pulm artery to aorta; ligamentum arteriosum
Prostaglandins
Neural crest cells
45. Weeks _______ erythropoiesis takes place in the liver
Nicotine; preterm labor
All 3
Partial closure of vitelline duct so that the patent portion is attached to ileum; ectopic gastric mucosa; melena and periumbilical pain
6-30
46. What does DHT turn the genital tubercle into? estrogen?
Mesoderm; nucleous pulposos
5th
Glans penis and corpus cavernosum and spongiosum; glans clitoris and vestibular bulbs
During; instrinsic
47. From What embryonic layer does the neurohypophysis arise?
Occiptal
Ring of pancreatic tissue can cause duodenal narrowing; ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum
Neuroectoderm
Increased AFP and acetycholinesterase (not ACh!) in CSF
48. Which part of the branchial apparatus makes up membranes?
Base of limbs in the zone of polarizing activity; ant - post
Hepatic circulation; ligamentum venosum
DiGeorge
All 3
49. From What embryonic layer does the retina arise?
Neural crest cells
Neuroectoderm
When left to right shunting switching to right to left shunting
Surface ectoderm
50. What three components make up the branchial/pharyngeal apparatus?
Grooves/clefts; arches; pouches
Most pharyngeal constrictors - Cricothyroid - levator veli palatini; CN X (superior laryngeal branch - swallowing)
Initial left to right shunting - then switches
Stapedius and hyoid artery
Sorry!:) No result found.
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