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USMLE Embryo
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health-sciences
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usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The spleen is ____________ in origin and supplied by a foregut artery
Ventral shaft of penis (penile urethra); labia minora
T neuroectoderm
mesodermal
3rd; proximal part of the internal carotid artery
2. what junction is the last to canalize? what implications does this have down the line?
Partial closure of vitelline duct so that the patent portion is attached to ileum; ectopic gastric mucosa; melena and periumbilical pain
Increased AFP and acetycholinesterase (not ACh!) in CSF
Congenital and chromosomal abnormalities
Uretopelvis; most common site for obstruction (hydronephrosis) in fetus
3. What is another name for the mesonephric duct? paramesonephric?
Muscles and arteries
Wolffian; mullerian
Mesoderm
pyloric stenosis
4. From What embryonic layer does the sensory organs of the ear arise?
Neural crest cells
When left to right shunting switching to right to left shunting
Neural crest cells
Surface ectoderm
5. The notochord is...
Mesoderm
Arches 3 and 4
hypospadias
mesoderm
6. Monochorionic - ___________ twins are conjoined
Endoderm
Absent cerebellar vermis; cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle
monoamniotic
Mesoderm; 3 week
7. What type of - amnios does bilateral agenesis form? What three symptoms does this cause?
6th aortic arch
Oligohydramnios
StyloPharyngeus
Neural crest cells
8. What hormones are in charge of external genitalia development in the fetus? (in both male and female)
Endoderm
Prosencephalon
DHT; estrogen
Week 8
9. Where is the most common ectopic thyroid tissue?
Tongue
Rhombencephalon
Decreased separation of hemispheres across midline; cyclopia
Aortic arch and prox part of subclavian
10. From What embryonic layer is the spleen from?
Tetracyclines
Mesoderm
Ventral shaft of penis (penile urethra); labia minora
Pronephros - mesonephros - metanephros; pronephros; most cranially
11. Where is the mothers blood located in the placenta?
Meckels cartilage: mandible - malleus - INCUS - sphenoMandibular ligament; CN V2 and V3
Most pharyngeal constrictors - Cricothyroid - levator veli palatini; CN X (superior laryngeal branch - swallowing)
Surface ectoderm
Lacunae in between the chorionic villi
12. Blood coming in the umbilical vein is ____ saturated
All intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid; CN X (recurrent laryngeal nerve - speaking)
Common carotid and internal carotid
Bulbourethral glands (of Cowper) and Prostate gland; greater vestibular glands (of Bartholin) and Urethral and paraurethral glands (of Skene)
80%
13. When does hCG secretion take place? with what event?
Rhombencephalon
Incomplete fusion of paramesonephric ducts; UT abnormalities and infertility
Day 6; maintains corpus luteum; 1st trimester
Day 6; with implantation
14. What is DiGeorge syndrome and What does it result in?
Maternally derived; meconium
Aberrant development of 3rd and 4th pouches; t cell def (thymic aplasia) - hypocalcemia (failure of parathyroid development) - CF and CV defects
Base of limbs in the zone of polarizing activity; ant - post
Increased AFP and acetycholinesterase (not ACh!) in CSF
15. What does the foramen ovale shunt blood from - to where? What is its remnant?
Fetal and maternal
From teh lung;blood from IVC in RA to LA; fossa ovalis
Neuroectoderm
80%
16. From what germ layer does the primitive heart tube arise?
Ectoderm; endoderm
Mesoderm
Turners; inferior
Branchial arch 2
17. What causes the degeneration of the spinal cord in syringomelia?
Ectoderm
Fluid filled syrinx causes expansion and degeneration of cord tracts
lumbosacral
Rhombencephalon
18. From What embryonic layer does the gut tube epithelium arise?
Lithium; valve leaflets attach to domain down low in RV- 'atrialized RV'
Neural crest cells
Endoderm
Ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus; anchors testes within scrotum
19. From What embryonic layer does the adenohypophysis arise?
V3; VII
Female; paramesonephric; mesonephric
Surface ectoderm
Day 6; maintains corpus luteum; 1st trimester
20. From What embryonic layer is the vagina from? testes? ovaries?
Cleft lip/palate
Mesoderm
Mesoderm; 3 week
Ring of pancreatic tissue can cause duodenal narrowing; ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum
21. Where does fertilization occur?
Spinothalamic first
Thalidomide; nausea
Neural crest cells
Ampulla
22. During what week does the heart begin to beat?
Lithium; valve leaflets attach to domain down low in RV- 'atrialized RV'
Fetal kidney; fetal swallows - absorbs - and then removed from placental blood
Week 4
2nd pouch
23. From where is amniotic fluid produced? other than electrolytes and carbs - what else does it contain?
Neuroectoderm
Nicotine; preterm labor
Valproate acid
Maternally derived; meconium
24. From What embryonic layer does bone arise ?
Thyroglossal duct cysts will move with swallowing while persistent cervical sinuses in lateral neck wont
Mesoderm
Branchial arch 2
Neuroectoderm
25. From What embryonic layer do the salivary - sweat and mammary glands arise?
Surface ectoderm
All intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid; CN X (recurrent laryngeal nerve - speaking)
After; extrinsic
Mesoderm; epiblast
26. In what chromosomal disorder is horseshoe kidney commonly seen? what poles of the kidneys fuse?
Epiblast
Turners; inferior
Thalidomide; nausea
Surface ectoderm
27. What artery is derived branchial (aortic) arch 3?
Ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus; anchors testes within scrotum
Fetal and maternal
Common carotid and internal carotid
Failure to recanalize; 21
28. What does the first cleft/groove of the branchial apparatus develop into?
External auditory meatus
DiGeorge
Nutrient and gas exchange
Female; paramesonephric; mesonephric
29. What is the female remnant of the gubernaculum? male remnant?
Ventral shaft of penis (penile urethra); labia minora
Yolk sac; 3rd week
1st branchial arch
Ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus; anchors testes within scrotum
30. During what months is the fetus most susceptible to teratogens? What trimester?
Endoderm
Embryonic period; 1st trimester
Endoderm lined structures of ear: middle ear cavity - eustacian tube - mastoid air cells
T neuroectoderm
31. Which cranial nerve innervates the motor function of the tongue?
Dorsal and ventral buds
XII
No more umbilical circulation emptying into RA
VACTERL- vertebral defect - anal atresia - cardiac defects - tracheo - esophageal fistula - renal defects - limb defects
32. When does the neural tube form and From what does it form?
From the the lung; blood from SVC that went into RV gets shunted from pulm artery to aorta; ligamentum arteriosum
Neural plate; closes by week 4
All 3
Hepatic circulation; ligamentum venosum
33. What does the maternal component of the placenta provide? Where is it derived from?
Hemorrhage - bone deformities
DHT; estrogen
Nutrient and gas for exchange; endometrium
Primitive atrium
34. Which branchial apparatus develops into the thymus?
Endoderm
Common carotid and internal carotid
Cerebral hemisphere - thalami
3rd pouch
35. what invaginates to form the primitive streak?
DES
Skewed development of AP septum
Rostral fold closure ; lateral fold closure; lateral fold closure; caudal fold closure
Epiblast
36. Which parts of the pancreas contribute to the head - uncinate process and main pancreatic duct?
Dorsal and ventral buds
DES
Week 8
elevated AFP
37. Cleft palate is a failure of formation of the...
Dorsal; sensory
Where the epiblast and hypoblast fuse
secondary palate
A vitelline fistula - failure of vitelline duct to close
38. Which branchial apparatus makes the external auditory meatus?
1st cleft/groove (Ectoderm)
3 -4 -6
Endoderm
The caudal end mesonephros; the ureter - pelvis - calyces - collecting ducts
39. From What embryonic layer does the skin dermis arise?
Glans penis and corpus cavernosum and spongiosum; glans clitoris and vestibular bulbs
Surface ectoderm
Mesoderm
Wolffian; mullerian
40. What surrounds the umbilical cord?
Amniotic epithelium
Neuroectoderm
Neural crest cells
Endoderm
41. What effect does warfarin have on the fetus?
Week 4; week 3
Hemorrhage - bone deformities
Rhombencephalon
2nd; 2nd
42. When does erythropoeisis begin in the bone marow?
28 week onward
1st
Prosencephalon
Myelencephalon
43. What is hypoplasia? is primordial tissue present?
Incomplete; yes
Hepatic circulation; ligamentum venosum
Congenital and chromosomal abnormalities
4th pouch
44. When does the blastocyst split into two disks? What is this disk called? What are the two germ layers called?
Gastric outlet obstruction (bilious vomiting - feeding intolerance - abdominal distention)
Allantois
Mesoderm
Week 2; bilaminar disk; epiblast and hypoblast
45. What are the two types of posterior fossa malformations? which one results in a hindbrain crowding? and which results in an enlarged posterior fossa? which one is associated with syringomelia?
Where the epiblast and hypoblast fuse
Arnold Chiari and Dandy Walker; Arnold Chiari; Dandy Walker; Arnold Chiari
Partial closure of vitelline duct so that the patent portion is attached to ileum; ectopic gastric mucosa; melena and periumbilical pain
Right horn of the SV
46. During what week do the limbs begin to form?
Mesoderm; epiblast
Day 6; maintains corpus luteum; 1st trimester
Failure of bony spinal canal to fuse; no; lower vertebral levels
Week 4
47. What is the Eisenmeger complex?
No organ in each; agenesis no primordial tissue
not covered
When left to right shunting switching to right to left shunting
Neuroectoderm
48. What embryologic structure provides the aorticpulmonary septum?
arnold chiari associated with thoraclumbar myelomeningocele
Initial left to right shunting - then switches
Cleft lip/palate
Neural crest migration - they then cause spiral
49. Which branchial derivative creates the middle ear cavity - eustachian tube and mastoid air cells?
Arches 3 and 4
First branchial pouch
Ventral and dorsal parts fail to fuse at 8th week; 2 pancreatic ducts!- more prone to pancreatitis
Week 2; bilaminar disk; epiblast and hypoblast
50. what closes the interventricular foramen?
Week 2; bilaminar disk; epiblast and hypoblast
Ventral bud
Physiologic incomplete muscular ventricular septum
Nicotine; preterm labor
Sorry!:) No result found.
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