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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Embryo
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. what drug is used to help close a PDA? what else does this drug treat?
Indomethacin; blocks PG production
1st cleft/groove (Ectoderm)
Tongue
1st arch neural crest fails to migrate --> mandibular hypoplasia - facial abnormalities (cleft palate - decreased slanting of palpebral fissures)
2. What axis does the alar plate form? what neural system does it become?
Dorsal; sensory
Aortic arch (from left side); right subclavian (on the right)
DiGeorge
4th arch; 6th arch
3. From what are the umbilical arteries and veins derived from?
Neural crest cells
External auditory meatus
Muscles of facial expression - stapedius - stylohyoid - posterior belly of the digastric
Allantois
4. From What embryonic layer are the dorsal root and celiac ganglion from?
Neuroectoderm
Neural crest cells
Foregut; dorsal mesentery (mesodermal)
Female; paramesonephric; mesonephric
5. which posterior fossa malformation results in aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephaly? what other spinal cord lesion does this malformation present with?
Truncus arteriosus; pulmonary trunk
Neural crest cells
Ectoderm
Arnold chiari; syringomyelia
6. In anencephaly you see...
elevated AFP
Mesoderm
Annular pancrease
ACE inhibitors - HCTZ
7. Name two endocardial cushion defects.
Tunica vaginalis not fully fused
Occiptal
Ebsteins anomaly; tricuspid atresia
Ventral and dorsal parts fail to fuse at 8th week; 2 pancreatic ducts!- more prone to pancreatitis
8. What teratogens can cause renal damage in the fetus?
Mesoderm; epiblast
ACE inhibitors - HCTZ
Persistence of 3rd cleft (groove) and pouch causes fistula between tonsillar area and cleft in lateral neck
Pulm art (prox) and ductus arteriosus
9. The spleen is ____________ in origin and supplied by a foregut artery
Thyroglossal duct; persists as pyramidal lobe of thyroid; foramen cecum on tongue is normal remnant of thyroglossal duct
mesodermal
6th aortic arch
Ionizing
10. What does DHT turn the labioscrotal swelling into? estrogen?
Pulm art (prox) and ductus arteriosus
Nutrient and gas exchange
Greater horn of hyoid; CN IX (styloPharyngeus)
Scrotum; labia majora
11. Where is Wnt 7 gene produced?
Apical ectodermal ridge
Most pharyngeal constrictors - Cricothyroid - levator veli palatini; CN X (superior laryngeal branch - swallowing)
Wolffian; mullerian
Mesoderm
12. Where is the most common ectopic thyroid tissue?
Congenital and chromosomal abnormalities
Tongue
2; 1
arnold chiari associated with thoraclumbar myelomeningocele
13. Before birth - blood entering the LA is less than...
blood entering the RA
arnold chiari associated with thoraclumbar myelomeningocele
septum primum and/or secundum
Mesoderm
14. What hormone is hcG structurally similar too?
Tongue
Before getting pregnant!
LH
Epispadias
15. What is a teratogen that causes Ebsteins anomaly? What is ebsteins anomaly?
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16. What is the physiological herniation that occurs at the 6th week - what herniates out of the umbilical ring? when it comes back in the 10th week - What does it rotate around?
3
Most pharyngeal constrictors - Cricothyroid - levator veli palatini; CN X (superior laryngeal branch - swallowing)
Umbilical - midgut herniates through umbilical ring; SMA
8
17. Which is more common - epispadias or hypospadias?
Mesoderm
VACTERL- vertebral defect - anal atresia - cardiac defects - tracheo - esophageal fistula - renal defects - limb defects
Hypospadias
Foramen cecum and terminal sulus
18. From where does the ureteric bud arise? What does it give rise to?
The caudal end mesonephros; the ureter - pelvis - calyces - collecting ducts
Surface ectoderm
Lots - cleft palate/lip
Day 6; with implantation
19. what bone/cartilage and nerves are derived from branchial arch 3?
Greater horn of hyoid; CN IX (styloPharyngeus)
20-50yrs - Abdominal pain - Postprandial fullness - Nausea - Peptic ulcers - Pancreatitis - Rarely - biliary obstruction
Oligohydramnios
Before getting pregnant!
20. How does annular pancreas present in children?
Gastric outlet obstruction (bilious vomiting - feeding intolerance - abdominal distention)
Initial left to right shunting - then switches
8
Uretopelvis; most common site for obstruction (hydronephrosis) in fetus
21. what separates the atria from the ventricles?
Incomplete; yes
Where the epiblast and hypoblast fuse
Endocardial cushions
From endocardial cushions (ventral and dorsal meet each other)
22. What axis is Wnt 7 responsible for developing?
Before getting pregnant!
Neural crest cells
Foramen cecum and terminal sulus
Dorsal ventral axis
23. When does the notochord form? and When does the neural plate form?
secondary palate
Endoderm
Mesoderm; 3 week
2nd pouch
24. What are two common findings in pyloric stenosis?
Palpable olive mass in epigastric region; nonbilious projectile vomitting @around 2 weeks
Dorsal; sensory
Neuroectoderm
Dorsal and ventral buds
25. What embryologic structure provides the aorticpulmonary septum?
T neuroectoderm
Valproate acid
Mesoderm
Neural crest migration - they then cause spiral
26. From What embryonic layer is the eustachian tube from?
Mesoderm
Fluid filled syrinx causes expansion and degeneration of cord tracts
Decreased pulmonary resistance in the pulmonary vasculature
Temporary cervical sinus
27. what week do the genitalia start to have male/female characteristics? What trimester is that?
Primitive atrium
Week 10-12; end of 1st trimester
Thalidomide; nausea
Tongue
28. What is the mnueomonic for the mesodermal defects? What does it stand for?
Week 10-12; end of 1st trimester
Neural crest cells
Deoxygenated blood; fetal internal iliac arteries to placenta
VACTERL- vertebral defect - anal atresia - cardiac defects - tracheo - esophageal fistula - renal defects - limb defects
29. which genital embryology is default? From what duct? what duct degenerates without signal to stay?
Female; paramesonephric; mesonephric
elevated AFP
Surface ectoderm
Neural plate; closes by week 4
30. From What embryonic layer do CNS neurons arise?
Lacunae in between the chorionic villi
Neuroectoderm
lumbosacral
28 week onward
31. What components do the mesoderm of the branchial arches give rise to?
Mesoderm
Muscles and arteries
Ring of pancreatic tissue can cause duodenal narrowing; ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum
Bones - cartilage - and nerves
32. Which branchial derivative creates the middle ear cavity - eustachian tube and mastoid air cells?
Mesoderm; epiblast
Duodenum to transverse colon; distal transverse colon to rectum
First branchial pouch
Failure to spiral (aorta coming out of RV and PA coming out of left ventricle)- two completely separate systems
33. From where does the permanent kidney for? is it most caudal or most cranial?
IX; X
Thickened ectoderm at end of each developing limb
Nicotine; preterm labor
Outgrowth of mesonephric as ureteric bud; most caudal
34. From what region do the thalami form?
Mesoderm
Diencephalon
Endoderm
Surface ectoderm
35. what chemo drugs can cause neural tube defects in the fetus?
IX; X
Decidual basalis
Physiologic incomplete muscular ventricular septum
Folate antagonists
36. What do the groove/clefts of the branchial apparatus correlate to?
Ectoderm
Decreased separation of hemispheres across midline; cyclopia
Neural crest migration - they then cause spiral
Dorsal; faulty positioning of genital tubercle
37. What congenital abnormality forms a 'double bubble' on xray?
Renal artery stenosis;
Annular pancrease
3 -4 -6
Week 3; primitive streak formation from the epiblast makes the three layers
38. From What embryonic layer is the vagina from? testes? ovaries?
Day 6; maintains corpus luteum; 1st trimester
Mesoderm
Neural crest cells
ACE inhibitors - HCTZ
39. What three layers form during gastrulation? From What do they form? and what week does gastrulation occur?
Surface ectoderm
Ectoderm - mesoderm - endoderm; epiblast - primitive streak - hypoblast; week 3
Neuroectoderm
Week 4; week 3
40. From What embryonic layer are the serous linings of the body cavities from? for ex - peritoneum?
...
Rhombencephalon
Arnold Chiari and Dandy Walker; Arnold Chiari; Dandy Walker; Arnold Chiari
Polyhydramnios - Down syndrome - Esophageal/duodenal atresia - Imperforate anus - Meckel diverticulum
41. From What embryonic layer does the epidermis arise?
Lots - cleft palate/lip
is no longer intact
Surface ectoderm
Fluid filled syrinx causes expansion and degeneration of cord tracts
42. In order to survive tricuspid atresia - What do you need?
VSD
Week 8
ACE inhibitors - HCTZ
From endocardial cushions (ventral and dorsal meet each other)
43. From What embryonic layer does the sensory organs of the ear arise?
Surface ectoderm
Ventral bud
Week 8
Week 4
44. How many components are there to the placenta? What are they called?
Fetal and maternal
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation through foramen magnum
Mesonephros; male genital system
Pharynx to duodenum; duodenum to transverse colon; distal transverse colon to rectum
45. From What embryonic layer do the ependymal cells arise?
SRY gene on Y chromosomes; sertoli and leydi; MIF and androgens; suppression of paramesonephric ducts and dev. of mesonephric (all respectively)
Decreased pulmonary resistance in the pulmonary vasculature
Neural crest cells
Neuroectoderm
46. From What embryonic layer does the gut tube epithelium arise?
Muscular ventricular septum; no
Turners; inferior
Endoderm
Thalidomide; nausea
47. From what germ layer does the primitive heart tube arise?
Obliterated
Polyhydramnios - Down syndrome - Esophageal/duodenal atresia - Imperforate anus - Meckel diverticulum
Mesoderm
Mesdoerm
48. Which CN allows for taste and sensation in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue? how about the very back ?
IX; X
VACTERL- vertebral defect - anal atresia - cardiac defects - tracheo - esophageal fistula - renal defects - limb defects
Epiblast
Transposition of great vessels (failure to spiral)- right to left shunt; tetralogy of Fallout (right to left shunt caused by skewed development of septum); persistent TA (partial septum development - also right to left shunt)
49. When does hcG get secreted? What does it do?up until when ?
septum primum and/or secundum
Day 6; maintains corpus luteum; 1st trimester
Meckels cartilage: mandible - malleus - INCUS - sphenoMandibular ligament; CN V2 and V3
blood entering the RA
50. From What embryonic layer does the brain arise?
SRY gene on Y chromosomes; sertoli and leydi; MIF and androgens; suppression of paramesonephric ducts and dev. of mesonephric (all respectively)
Neuroectoderm
Apical ectodermal ridge
Transposition of great vessels (failure to spiral)- right to left shunt; tetralogy of Fallout (right to left shunt caused by skewed development of septum); persistent TA (partial septum development - also right to left shunt)