Test your basic knowledge |

USMLE Step 1 Pharmacology

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which drug increases Sys BP w/o affecting Pulse Pressure
Epinephrine
Inhalational general anesthetic.
Dry flushed skin - due to inhibition of sympathetic post - ganglionic blockade on muscarinic receptors of sweat glands. All others are opposite of What would be expected.
Oxygen

2. What are two indirect acting adrenergic agonists?
amphetamine and ephedrine
Blocking muscarinic receptors in the circular fibers of the eye - results in unopposed action of radial muscles to dilate.
1) Chloramphenical = bacteriostatic 2) Erythromycin = bacteriostatic 3) Lincomycin = bacteriostatic 4)cLindamycin = bacteriostatic
sedation - positive Coombs' test

3. What are Amantadine - associated side effects?
- DNA intercalator - testicular & lymphomas - Pulmonary fibrosis mild myelosuppression.
- Tricyclic antidepressants
Beta1 more than B2
Ataxia - Dizziness - Slurred speech

4. What is the mechanism of action and clinical use of the antiandrogens Ketoconazole and Spironolactone?
hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis - neuropathy - NH3 toxicity - sulfa allergy
Inhibit steroid synthesis - used in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome to prevent hirsutism.
Due to the presence of a bulkier R group
Inhibits reabsorption of uric acid.

5. What is the mechanism of action of Aspirin?
decrease myocardial O2 consumption by: 1- decreasing end diastolic volume 2- decreasing BP 3- decreasing HR 4- decreasing contractility 5- decreasing ejection time
Increases coumadin metabolism
Acetylates and irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX I and COX II) to prevent the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins.
Digitoxin>95% Digoxin 75%

6. Is resistant to penicillinase?
cardiac depression - peripheral edema - flushing - dizziness - constipation
Imipenem
Penicillin - Cephalosporins - Vancomycin - Aminoglycosides - Fluoroquinolones - Metronidazole
Binds Ergosterol - forms Membrane Pores that Disrupt Homeostatis

7. Which individuals are predisposed to Sulfonamide - induced hemolysis?
block Na+ channels in the cortical collecting tubule
Inhibits cell wall mucopeptide formation - Bactericidal
G6PD deficient individuals
Chloramphenicol - Erythromycin/macrolides - Lincomycin - Clindamycin - Streptogramins (quinupristin - dalfopristin)

8. Describe Phase I metabolism in liver(3)?
- Quinidine - quinine
edematous states (CHF - cirrhosis - nephrotic syndrome - pulm edema) - HTN - hypercalcemia
- reduction - oxy - & hydrolysis - H2O sol. Polar product - P450
Penicillin.

9. What are common toxicities associated with Macrolides? (4)
NO AP duration effect. useful in V- tach that progresses to V- fib and in intractable SVT Last RESORT
Zidovudine (AZT) - Didanosine (ddI) - Zalcitabine (ddC) - Stavudine (d4T) - Lamivudine (3TC)
post MI and digitalis induced arrhythmias
GI discomfort - Acute cholestatic hepatitis - Eosinophilia - Skin rashes

10. What microorganisms is Aztreonam not effective against?
K+ wasting - metabolic alkalosis - hypotension - ototoxicity
Gram + and Anerobes
Binding to the presynaptic alpha 2 release modulating receptors
Acute coronary syndrome; coronary stenting. Decreases the incidence or recurrence of thrombotic stroke.

11. What are the clinical uses for Ticlopidine - Clopidogrel?
Because they require some residual islet function.
Acute coronary syndrome; coronary stenting. Decreases the incidence or recurrence of thrombotic stroke.
- Alkalating agents+cisplatin - Doxorubicin+Dactinomycin - Bleomycin - Etoposide
Beta 2 agonist; used as a long - acting agent for prophylaxis. Adverse effects are tremor and arrhythmia.

12. Which diuretics increase urine Ca2+?
- polymyxins
loop diuretics - spironolactone
Stimulating beta receptors stimulates heart rate - but beta receptor induced vasodilation reduces peripheral resistance.
1. Hydrocortisone 2. Predisone 3. Triamcinolone 4. Dexamethasone 5. Beclomethasone

13. Name three Antiarrhythmic drugs in class IB.
Can affect absorption - bioavailability - or urinary excretion of other drugs by altering gastric and urinary pH or by delaying gastric emptying.
Lidocaine - Mexiletine - Tocainide
- A57Blue lines in gingiva & long bones - Encephalopathy & Foot drop - Abdominal colic / - Sideroblastic anemia
reversible SLE- like syndrome

14. What is the major side effect for Carbenicillin - Piperacillin - and Ticarcillin?
impotence - exacerbation of asthma - CV effects - CNS effects - may mask hypoclycemia
Hypersensitivity reactions
SLUD (salivation - Lacrimation - urination - Defecation)as well as airway secretion - GI motility - acid secretions
Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) - Sulfisoxazole - Triple sulfas - Sulfadiazine

15. What enzymes are inhibited by NSAIDs - acetaminophen and COX II inhibitors?
Cyclooxygenases (COX I - COX II).
Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells.
Sulfonamide Loop Diuretic. Inhibits ion co - transport system of thick ascending loop. Abolishes hypertonicity of the medulla - thereby preventing concentration of the urine.
cholestyramine - colestipol

16. How would you treat African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)?
Nevirapine - Delavirdine
- Chloramphenicol - benzene - NSAIDS - PTU - phenytoin
Long.
Suramin

17. MOA: Disrupt fungal cell membranes
Amphotericin B - Nystatin - Fluconazole/azoles
Bacitracin - Vancomycin
- Vitamin K & fresh frozen plasma
Blocks Norepi - but not Dopamine

18. List the specific antidote for this toxin: Cyanide
Finasteride inhibits 5 Alpha - reductase - this decreases the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone - useful in BPH
Hemolytic anemia
- Nitrate - hydroxocobalamin thiosulfate
Nephrotoxicity

19. Adverse effects of Methyldopa?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

20. How is Ganciclovir activated?
Same as penicillin. Act as narrow spectrum antibiotics
Phosphorylation by a Viral Kinase
Aminoglycosides - Tetracyclines
1. Reliable (<1% failure) 2. Lowers risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer 3. Decreased incidence of ectopic pregnancy 4. Lower risk of pelvic infections 5. Regulation of menses

21. Which drug(s) cause this reaction: Pulmonary fibrosis(3)?
- Clindamycin
VACUUM your Bed Room'
- Bleomycin - amiodarone - busulfan
Diarrhea - Urination - Miosis - Bronchospasm - Bradycardia - Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS - Lacrimation - Sweating - and Salivation = DUMBBELS; also abdominal cramping

22. What is the main clinical use for the thrombolytics?
Intrathecally
Cephalosporin: 1) has a 6 member ring attached to the Beta lactam instead of a 5 member ring 2)has an extra functional group ( attached to the 6 member ring)
Chloramphenicol - Erythromycin/macrolides - Lincomycin - Clindamycin - Streptogramins (quinupristin - dalfopristin)
Early myocardial infarction.

23. For Warfarin What is the Ability to inhibit coagulation in vitro
Rare.
No
- Alkalinize urine & dialysis
Doxycycline - because it is fecally eliminated

24. Antiarrhythmic class IA effects?
Liver
Inhibt Assembly of new virus by Blocking Protease Enzyme
YES
increased AP duration - increased ERP increased QT interval. Atrial and ventricular.

25. MOA for Penicillin (3 answers)?
Forms toxic metabolites in the bacterial cell - Bactericidal
Ciprofloxacin - Norfloxacin - Ofloxacin - Grepafloxacin - Enoxacin - Nalidixic acid
- Tricyclic antidepressants
1)Binds penicillin - binding proteins 2) Blocks transpeptidase cross - linking of cell wall 3) Activates autolytic enzymes

26. What is clinical use for Carbenicillin - Piperacillin - and Ticarcillin?
hypertension - CHF - diabetic renal disease
Inhibits NaCl reabsorption in the early distal tubule. Decreases Ca2+ excretion.
Ceftriaxone
Pseudomonas species and Gram - rods

27. Which drug(s) cause this reaction: Gynecomastia (6)?
Ipratropium
- Cimetidine - ketoconazole - spironolactone - digitalis - EtOH - estrogens
- DNA intercalator - testicular & lymphomas - Pulmonary fibrosis mild myelosuppression.
- Steroids - Tamoxifen

28. Verapamil has similar action to?
GI discomfort
Centrally acting alpha agonist - thus causing a decrease in central adrenergic outflow - spairing renal blood flow
Beta lactams - inhibit cell wall synthesis - Bactericidal
Beta Blockers

29. What is the memory key to remember Which pathway (extrinsic vs. intrinsic) and Which lab value Warfarin affects?
Giardiasis - Amoebic dysentery (E. histolytica) - Bacterial vaginitis (Gardnerella vaginalis) - Trichomonas
Hypersensitivity reactions
Triple sulfas or SMZ
WEPT: Warfarin affects the Extrinsic pathway and prolongs the PT.

30. Why is reserpine effective in treating HTN?
Reserpine inhibits dopamine transport into vesicles - attenuating its conversion to NE by dopamine beta - hydroxylase.
Because they require some residual islet function.
Used in combination therapy with SMZ to sequentially block folate synthesis
1. Meningococcal carrier state 2. Chemoprophylaxis in contacts of children with H. influenzae type B

31. What is the category of drug names ending in - caine (e.g. Lidocaine)
Pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile) - fever - diarrhea
Acetylcholine esterase
Local anesthetic.
Increases mean - systolic - and diastolic bp - while there is little change in pulse pressure.

32. What Sulfonamides are used for simple UTIs?
- inhibits HGPRT (pur. Syn.) - Luk - Lymph
Beta -2 agonist.
Triple sulfas or SMZ
Modification via Acetylation

33. Will Hemicholinum affect the release of stored Ach during Cholinergic Stimulation
Those patients who are taking nitrates.
Gram + and Anerobes
No - hemicholinum block the uptake of Choline and thus Ach synthesis
Digitoxin 70% Digoxin 20-40%

34. What is the MOA for the Aminoglycosides?
SLUD (salivation - Lacrimation - urination - Defecation)as well as airway secretion - GI motility - acid secretions
hypertension - angina - arrhythmias
Inhibits formation of Initiation Complex - causes misreading of mRNA - Bactericidal
- Infections - Trauma - Seizures - CO - Overdose - Metabolic - Alcohol (IT'S COMA)

35. Which Aminoglycoside is used for Bowel Surgery ?
Give an antichloinesterase - neostigmine - edrophonium - etc
Polymyxins
Oral treatment of superficial infections
Neomycin

36. What would be the effect on blood pressure with infusion of the alpha -2 agonist clonidine?
Doxycycline - because it is fecally eliminated
Indomethacin is used to close a patent ductus arteriosus.
Initially vasoconstriction would increase bp - but then it acts on central alpha -2 receptors to decrease adrenergic outflow resulting in decreased bp.
- Topo II inhibitor(GII specific) - Oat cell of Lung & prostate - & testicular - Myelosuppression & GI irritation.

37. What is the mechanism of action of Allopurinol used to treat chronic gout?
Inhibits xanthine oxidase - decresing conversion of xanthine to uric acid.
- DNA intercalator - Hodgkin's - myeloma - sarcoma - and solid tumors - Cardiotoxicity & alopecia
- Airway - Breathing - Circulation - Dextrose (thiamine & narcan) - ABCD
Acetylates and irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX I and COX II) to prevent the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins.

38. Nifedipine has similar action to?
Inhibits CMV DNA polymerase
Post - op and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention - myasthenia gravis - and reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade (post - op) through anticholinesterase activity.
Nitrates
1)Binds penicillin - binding proteins 2) Blocks transpeptidase cross - linking of cell wall 3) Activates autolytic enzymes

39. List the specific antidote for this toxin: Copper
- Penicillamine
Polymyxin B - Polymyxin E
cardiac depression - peripheral edema - flushing - dizziness - constipation
Inhibit Ergosterol synthesis

40. What are nine findings of Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome caused by glucocorticoid therapy?
Forms toxic metabolites in the bacterial cell - Bactericidal
1. Buffalo hump 2. Moon facies 3. Truncal obesity 4. Muscle wasting 5. Thin skin 6. Easy bruisability 7. Osteoporosis 8. Adrenocortical atrophy 9. Peptic ulcers
GnRH analog with agonist properties When used in pulsatile fashion and antagonist properties When used in continuous fashion - causing a transient initial burst of LH and FSH
Binding to the presynaptic alpha 2 release modulating receptors

41. What should not be taken with Tetracyclines? / Why?
Milk or Antacids - because divalent cations inhibit Tetracycline absorption in the gut
RESPIre
Binds ergosterol - Disrupts fungal membranes
troponin - tropomyosin system

42. What drug is used during the pregnancy of an HIV+ mother? - Why?
atropine - homatropine - tropicamide
AZT - to reduce risk of Fetal Transmission
Binds ergosterol - Disrupts fungal membranes
- Alkalate DNA - Brain tumors - CNS toxicity

43. What are three possible complications of Heparin therapy?
Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) - Sulfisoxazole - Triple sulfas - Sulfadiazine
1. Hypoglycemia (more common with 2nd - generation drugs: glyburide - glipizide) 2. Disulfiram - like effects (not seen with 2nd - generation drugs).
Beta - lactam antibiotics
1. Bleeding 2. Thrombocytopenia 3. Drug - drug interactions

44. What are two conditions in Which COX-2 inhibitors might be used?
NE acts presynaptically on alpha -2 receptors to inhibit its own release. ACh also acts presynaptically through M1 receptors to inhibit NE release.
Quinolones
Rheumatoid and osteoarthritis.
increase AP duration - increase ERP - increase QT interval - for use When other arrhythmics fail

45. List the specific antidote for this toxin: Salicylates
Small lipid - soluble molecule
- Alkalinize urine & dialysis
Megaloblastic anemia - Leukopenia - Granulocytopenia
toxic

46. Mg+- clinical use?
Give an antichloinesterase - neostigmine - edrophonium - etc
When pts have Low CD4+ (< 500 cells/cubic mm) or a High Viral Load
Cilastatin
effective in torsade de pointes and digoxin toxicity

47. When is HIV therapy initiated?
Does not cross
The PTT.
sedation - positive Coombs' test
When pts have Low CD4+ (< 500 cells/cubic mm) or a High Viral Load

48. Sotalol - toxicity?
torsade de pointes - excessive Beta block
constipation - flushing - edema - CV effects (CHF - AV block - sinus node depression) - and torsade de pointes (Bepridil)
fetal renal damage - hyperkalemia - Cough - Angioedema - Proteinuria - Taste changes - hypOtension - Pregnancy problems - Rash - Increased renin - Lower Angiotensin II (CAPTOPRIL)
penicillinase resistant

49. List the specific antidote for this toxin: TPA & Streptokinase
- Aminocaproic acid
Lovastatin - Pravastatin - Simvastatin - Atorvastatin
- N- acetylcystine
Modification via Acetylation

50. How is Ribavirin used clinically?
Cardiac glycoside (inotropic agent).
Hormone synthesis inhibition (Gynecomastia) - Liver dysfunction (Inhibits CYP450) - Fever - Chills
for RSV
DHPG (dihydroxy-2- propoxymethyl guanine)

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Major Subjects
Tests & Exams AP CLEP DSST GRE SAT GMAT	Certifications CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/ PMP ITIL RHCE MCTS More...	IT Skills Android Programming Data Modeling Objective C Programming Basic Python Programming Adobe Illustrator More...	Business Skills Advertising Techniques Business Accounting Basics Business Strategy Human Resource Management Marketing Basics More...
Soft Skills Body Language People Skills Public Speaking Persuasion Job Hunting And Resumes More...	Vocabulary GRE Vocab SAT Vocab TOEFL Essential Vocab Basic English Words For All Global Words You Should Know Business English More...	Languages AP German Vocab AP Latin Vocab SAT Subject Test: French Italian Survival Norwegian Survival More...	Engineering Audio Engineering Computer Science Engineering Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering Structural Engineering More...
Health Sciences Basic Nursing Skills Health Science Language Fundamentals Veterinary Technology Medical Language Cardiology Clinical Surgery More...	English Grammar Fundamentals Literary And Rhetorical Vocab Elements Of Style Vocab Introduction To English Major Complete Advanced Sentences Literature Homonyms More...	Math Algebra Formulas Basic Arithmetic: Measurements Metric Conversions Geometric Properties Important Math Facts Number Sense Vocab Business Math More...	Other Major Subjects Science Economics History Law Performing-arts Cooking Logic & Reasoning Trivia

Test your basic knowledge |

USMLE Step 1 Pharmacology

Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

Let me suggest you:

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests

Major Subjects

Tests & Exams

Certifications

IT Skills

Business Skills

Soft Skills

Vocabulary

Languages

Engineering

Health Sciences

English

Math

Other Major Subjects

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests