Yoga History

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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is Advaita-Vedanta
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra
Non-dualism. Based on the Upanishads. Two main branches Radical - taught by Shankara - and Qualified - taught by Ramanuja.
SPIRIT and NATURE/CONSCIOUSNESS and MATTER
Yoga IS The RESTRICTION OF The WHIRLS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (CITTA)


2. Yogash citta vritti nirodhah
Yoga IS The RESTRICTION OF The WHIRLS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (CITTA)
Matsya (fish) Kurma (tortoise) Varaha (boar) Nara-Simba (lion) Vamana or Bamana - dwarf or short man. First human incarnation. Parusha-Rama (Rama with an Axe) Rama (dark or pleasing one). Main character in Rama and Sita. Krishna (also known as Govind
'sit near.' They interpreted the Vedas. Hindu scripture that expounds the metaphysics of nondualism (Advaita Vedanta) and is considered the last phase in the Vedic revelation.
Concentration


3. RAMA

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4. What role did Goraksha play in our lineage
A higher state of consciousness in which the yogi communes with God in an ordinary walking state - even performing worldly duties. Without difference. The yogi feels there is a slight separation from God. In Nirbikalpa there is no separation from God
Matsya (fish) Kurma (tortoise) Varaha (boar) Nara-Simba (lion) Vamana or Bamana - dwarf or short man. First human incarnation. Parusha-Rama (Rama with an Axe) Rama (dark or pleasing one). Main character in Rama and Sita. Krishna (also known as Govind
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM
The founder of the Kanphata order and an early preceptor of Hatha yoga.


5. What is KARMA Yoga

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6. What is Advaita?

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7. The Brahman
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
God - the absolute - the expansion - quantum source.
DARK OR PLEASING ONE. The 7th incarnation of VISHNU. He is the main character in the RAMAYANA ('the advancement of RAMA') SITA IS his CONSORT. He was rescued by the forest demon - RAVANA
It means the Lord's Song. The book of Psalms. The popular Yoga scripture containing the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna.


8. Shiva's Counterpart
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.
Spirit
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path


9. KRISHNA

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10. What is KARMA Yoga

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11. What does Natha sect mean?
'sit near.' They interpreted the Vedas. Hindu scripture that expounds the metaphysics of nondualism (Advaita Vedanta) and is considered the last phase in the Vedic revelation.
It means Lord pertaining to the Yoga adepts. It was from the Natha sect that Hatha Yoga developed.
Patanjali favored a dualistic philosophy that separates Consciousness and Matter - or Spirit: Purusha and nature: Prakriti. They believed in two separate realities. While still in the physical body the yogin can only glimpse upon the Divine and in hi
Yogash Citta Vritti Nirodhah.


12. What does Purusha mean?
Spirit
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.
The Path of Wisdom - 'embodying the scriptures. investing in study
Radha


13. What is the story of Matysendra?
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M
Pingala - Eda and Sushumna
Lakshmi - The Goddess of good fortune - wealth - she attracts the minds of the yogi's by her beauty.
Cow Protector


14. What is Krishna also known as
Ashtanga - Raja - Patanjala
ASHTANGA Yoga - PATANJALI Yoga - RAJA Yoga
Govinda - cow finder.
Forceful Yoga. The yoga of physical discipline - aiming at the awakening of the serpent power (kundalini shakti).


15. Name the 8 Limb Path
Hymns sung and passed down from Brahman to Brahman. The RIG VEDA first mentions Yoga
Yama - Niyama - Asana - Pranayama - Pratyahara - Dhrana - Dhyana - Samadhi
DARK OR PLEASING ONE. The 7th incarnation of VISHNU. He is the main character in the RAMAYANA ('the advancement of RAMA') SITA IS his CONSORT. He was rescued by the forest demon - RAVANA
Radha


16. What is the Ramayana
The story of Rama and Sita. It is considered the Genesis and the most popular romantic story in all of India. Hanumat - or Hanuman the Monkey Leader - slay the forest demon - Ravana - and rescues his wife Sita.
Pingala - Eda and Sushumna
Buddhism - Right Path - Left Path and Kaula.
Radha


17. What is another name for Goraksha
Cow Protector
Means 'to sit near'. There were traditionally 108 Upanishads. Epiphanies of the VEDAS They were interpretations of the VEDAS
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
Spirit


18. RAMA

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19. In what period did Patanjali live
SPIRIT and NATURE/CONSCIOUSNESS and MATTER
Classical Yoga around 300-400 BCE
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
Hymns sung and passed down from Brahman to Brahman. The RIG VEDA first mentions Yoga


20. Shiva-Shakti
Knowledge. The oldest portion and the most sacred scriptures of Hinduism. A collection of hymns said to be intuited by the ancient seers of sages. These hymns or songs - were secrets of the universe - why are we here? Oldest composition in the world.
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.
Means 'to sit near'. There were traditionally 108 Upanishads. Epiphanies of the VEDAS They were interpretations of the VEDAS


21. What does Samadhi mean?
Sutra means suture or thread. The Sutras consist of 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga; transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers or (Siddhis) - the eight limb path (Ashtanga) - and higher stages of yoga - liberation. They were
Enlightenment - ecstasy - absorption
Personal observances or restraints
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM


22. Who are the two most outstanding Nathas?
Forceful Yoga. The yoga of physical discipline - aiming at the awakening of the serpent power (kundalini shakti).
Matsyendra and Goraksha
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
Patanjali favored a dualistic philosophy that separates Consciousness and Matter - or Spirit: Purusha and nature: Prakriti. They believed in two separate realities. While still in the physical body the yogin can only glimpse upon the Divine and in hi


23. What does Prakritti mean?
Nature
Founder of the school of qualified non-dualism. (Vashista Advaita). He challenged Patanjali's believe that God was abstract. This means that he believed the spiritual world had qualities - such as a deity or the trimuti. (Bhakti yogi - Devotion to Go
It was a combination of the Right and Left path. It had a strong presence of the Shakti element both in manifesting the feminine Shakti - and the presence of women in the role of consorts and initiators.
Matsyendra and Goraksha


24. Parvati's son
Seat
Arguably the most famous Sutra which means - Yoga is the cessation of the fluctuations of the mind.
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.
Classical Yoga around 300-400 BCE


25. What does Vedas mean?
He believed in a non-dualistic approach (Advaita-Vedanta) that the only reality is a spiritual world. He believed in an 'Abstract idea of who God is.' He challenged Patanjali's concept of separate realities. His concept was that Prakritti (nature) wa
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path
Knowledge. The oldest portion and the most sacred scriptures of Hinduism. A collection of hymns said to be intuited by the ancient seers of sages. These hymns or songs - were secrets of the universe - why are we here? Oldest composition in the world.
Meditation


26. What are the three synomyns of classical yoga
The Yoga Sutras - The 8 Limb Path
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM
It means Lord pertaining to the Yoga adepts. It was from the Natha sect that Hatha Yoga developed.
Ashtanga - Raja - Patanjala


27. BHAKTI Yoga
Personal observances or restraints
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)


28. What were the UPANISHADS?

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29. Before Goraksha - what was practicing asana was primarily done for?
Enlightenment - ecstasy - absorption
Qualified non-dualist
DUALISM. (DVAITA=DUALISM - VEDANTA=after the VEDAS) - 'DUALISM THAT OCCURRED AFTER The VEDAS' THIS was the philosophy espoused by Patanjali. Separate CONSCiousness and Matter or PURUSHA (SPIRIT) seen as separate from PRAKRITI (NATURE). FROM this view
To prepare the yogi for meditation.


30. The UPANISHADIC AGE
The Yogin's spiritual path. CLASSICAL YOGIS did not believe in deep exploration of the physical world or their bodies. These things were seen as a gross distraction from theirr spiritual path.
1500-1000 BCE
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
Arguably the most famous Sutra which means - Yoga is the cessation of the fluctuations of the mind.


31. What is Patanjali's approach to Dvaita (Dualism).
Sita
Patanjali favored a dualistic philosophy that separates Consciousness and Matter - or Spirit: Purusha and nature: Prakriti. They believed in two separate realities. While still in the physical body the yogin can only glimpse upon the Divine and in hi
A 'chosen deity.' This meant that you believed you could meditate on a deity such as Shiva - Krishna - Ganesh or Lakshmi and then actually merge with and become that deity.
Radha


32. What does Hatha Yoga mean?
The Yogin's spiritual path. CLASSICAL YOGIS did not believe in deep exploration of the physical world or their bodies. These things were seen as a gross distraction from theirr spiritual path.
Enlightenment - ecstasy - absorption
Forceful yoga.
Matsya (fish) Kurma (tortoise) Varaha (boar) Nara-Simba (lion) Vamana or Bamana - dwarf or short man. First human incarnation. Parusha-Rama (Rama with an Axe) Rama (dark or pleasing one). Main character in Rama and Sita. Krishna (also known as Govind


33. Name 5 of the 10 incarnations of VISHNU
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
Krishna advises Arjuna to battle his 'enemy' which is really Arjuna's family. This 'enemy' represents the hold the world and worldly things have on humans.
4500-2500 BCE


34. What is Advaita?

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35. What is the Mahabharata (The Great Story)?
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.
Forceful yoga.
This is the story of wars between two arms of a family - the Pandavas and the Kauravas.


36. What is Hatha Yoga?
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
Patanjali
Forceful Yoga. The yoga of physical discipline - aiming at the awakening of the serpent power (kundalini shakti).
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra


37. What is arguably the most famous Sutra and its meaning
Seat
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY
Yogash Citta Vritti Nirodhah.


38. CLASSICAL ERA OF Yoga - WHEN?
Radha
The Yogin's spiritual path. CLASSICAL YOGIS did not believe in deep exploration of the physical world or their bodies. These things were seen as a gross distraction from theirr spiritual path.
100-500 C.E.
Cow Protector


39. What does Dhyana mean?
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.
Personal observances or restraints
Cow Protector
Meditation


40. Who was the first Hatha yoga teacher?
The story of Rama and Sita. It is considered the Genesis and the most popular romantic story in all of India. Hanumat - or Hanuman the Monkey Leader - slay the forest demon - Ravana - and rescues his wife Sita.
Enlightenment - ecstasy - absorption
Rig - Atharva - Yahjur - Sama
Goraksha


41. Vishnu's ten incarnations
Matsya (fish) Kurma (tortoise) Varaha (boar) Nara-Simba (lion) Vamana or Bamana - dwarf or short man. First human incarnation. Parusha-Rama (Rama with an Axe) Rama (dark or pleasing one). Main character in Rama and Sita. Krishna (also known as Govind
Arguably the most famous Sutra which means - Yoga is the cessation of the fluctuations of the mind.
Forceful Yoga. The yoga of physical discipline - aiming at the awakening of the serpent power (kundalini shakti).
Means 'to sit near'. There were traditionally 108 Upanishads. Epiphanies of the VEDAS They were interpretations of the VEDAS


42. What is the main idea of the Bhagavad Gita?

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43. Why did the Classical Yogis not believe in a deep exploration of the physical world and their body?
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path
Cow Protector
'sit near.' They interpreted the Vedas. Hindu scripture that expounds the metaphysics of nondualism (Advaita Vedanta) and is considered the last phase in the Vedic revelation.
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli


44. Advaita Vedanta
Goraksha
God - the absolute - the expansion - quantum source.
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
Matsyendra and Goraksha


45. What does Dhyana mean?
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)
Meditation


46. What does Natha sect mean?
It means Lord pertaining to the Yoga adepts. It was from the Natha sect that Hatha Yoga developed.
Goraksha
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie
It means Non-dualism or 'not two.'


47. What was unique about the Kaula branch of Tantra yoga
It was a combination of the Right and Left path. It had a strong presence of the Shakti element both in manifesting the feminine Shakti - and the presence of women in the role of consorts and initiators.
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
SPIRIT and NATURE/CONSCIOUSNESS and MATTER
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.


48. What is Nirbikalpa Samadhi
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli
A higher state of consciousness in which the yogi communes with God in an ordinary walking state - even performing worldly duties. Without difference. The yogi feels there is a slight separation from God. In Nirbikalpa there is no separation from God
'The LORD'S SONG'. The most famous of all Indic scripture - where Krishna teaches his main disciple - Arjuna of life through the teachings of KARMIC Yoga (RIGHT ACTION) - BHAKTI Yoga (DEVOTION) - and Jnana Yoga (WISDOM)
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.


49. PAT (FROM PATANJALI)
Nature
Means 'to sit near'. There were traditionally 108 Upanishads. Epiphanies of the VEDAS They were interpretations of the VEDAS
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY
AKA 'GOVINDA' or cow-finder. Always seen playing the flute The 8th incarnation of VISHNU. Krishna is one of the most powerful deities in the HINDU CULTURE. He's written about int the BHAGAVAD-GITA and the BHAGAVATA-PURANA


50. How does the Hatha or Tantric yogi purify their body?
100-500 C.E.
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)
Matsyendra and Goraksha
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t