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Yoga History

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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Sabikalpa Samadhi

2. What are the Kanphatas?
Founder of the school of qualified non-dualism. (Vashista Advaita). He challenged Patanjali's believe that God was abstract. This means that he believed the spiritual world had qualities - such as a deity or the trimuti. (Bhakti yogi - Devotion to Go
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)
It means the Lord's Song. The book of Psalms. The popular Yoga scripture containing the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna.
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.

3. Who are the two most outstanding Nathas?
Matsyendra and Goraksha
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.
1500-1000 BCE
Cow Protector

4. Why was Goraksha given his name?
Radha
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path

5. Advaita Vedanta
Govinda - cow finder.
Sutra means suture or thread. The Sutras consist of 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga; transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers or (Siddhis) - the eight limb path (Ashtanga) - and higher stages of yoga - liberation. They were
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
It means the Lord's Song. The book of Psalms. The popular Yoga scripture containing the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna.

6. Who was the first to systemize the teachings of Yoga and give yoga its Classical Form
Cow Protector
Forceful Yoga. The yoga of physical discipline - aiming at the awakening of the serpent power (kundalini shakti).
Patanjali
SPIRIT and NATURE/CONSCIOUSNESS and MATTER

7. What major work is the Pre-Classical ERA of Yoga known for?
The Mahabharata (GREAT STORY). The Bhagavad Gita is incorporated within the Mahabharata as one of the episodes.
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
Goraksha
Yogash Citta Vritti Nirodhah.

8. WHY did Patanjali choose 8 limbs?
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM
God - the absolute - the expansion - quantum source.
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)

9. CLASSICAL ERA OF Yoga - WHEN?
100-500 C.E.
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
Concentration
Non-dual - end of the Vedas

10. What does Dhyana mean?
100-500 C.E.
Rig - Atharva - Yahjur - Sama
Meditation
It means the Lord's Song. The book of Psalms. The popular Yoga scripture containing the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna.

11. DVAITA VEDANTA

12. Brahma's Counterpart
Patanjali
God - the absolute - the expansion - quantum source.
The story of Rama and Sita. It is considered the Genesis and the most popular romantic story in all of India. Hanumat - or Hanuman the Monkey Leader - slay the forest demon - Ravana - and rescues his wife Sita.
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.

13. What is the Bhagavad-Gita

14. What is Maha Samadhi
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie
It means Non-dualism or 'not two.'
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M

15. Vishnu's Counterpart

16. What is the Mahabharata (The Great Story)?
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
It means Non-dualism or 'not two.'
This is the story of wars between two arms of a family - the Pandavas and the Kauravas.
AKA 'GOVINDA' or cow-finder. Always seen playing the flute The 8th incarnation of VISHNU. Krishna is one of the most powerful deities in the HINDU CULTURE. He's written about int the BHAGAVAD-GITA and the BHAGAVATA-PURANA

17. PAT (FROM PATANJALI)
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
AKA 'GOVINDA' or cow-finder. Always seen playing the flute The 8th incarnation of VISHNU. Krishna is one of the most powerful deities in the HINDU CULTURE. He's written about int the BHAGAVAD-GITA and the BHAGAVATA-PURANA
The traditionalists believe the body is a hindrance - or an obstacle which limits and distracts us on our path (sadhana). Whereas the Tantrikas believe the body is an expression of divinity and we should therefore discover all of its sense pleasures

18. What does Tantra mean?
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.
Radha
To weave - loom or extend - very non judgmental - they embraced everyone with an open mind.

19. Who is Goraksha?
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.
AKA 'GOVINDA' or cow-finder. Always seen playing the flute The 8th incarnation of VISHNU. Krishna is one of the most powerful deities in the HINDU CULTURE. He's written about int the BHAGAVAD-GITA and the BHAGAVATA-PURANA
The founder of the Kanphata order and an early preceptor of Hatha yoga.
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.

20. What is Advaita?

21. Vishnu's Counterpart

22. What do the Upanishads mean?

23. Parvati's son
Nature
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.
100-500 C.E.
Govinda - cow finder.

24. WHAT ARE SOME OTheR NAMES FOR CLASSICAL Yoga?
ASHTANGA Yoga - PATANJALI Yoga - RAJA Yoga
To weave - loom or extend - very non judgmental - they embraced everyone with an open mind.
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
Seat

25. Shiva's Counterpart
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.
Hymns sung and passed down from Brahman to Brahman. The RIG VEDA first mentions Yoga
Universal morality
Dualism or 'two.'

26. Who is Matysendra
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
Pingala - Eda and Sushumna
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.
Yogash Citta Vritti Nirodhah.

27. What are the three synomyns of classical yoga
1000-100 BCE. All ABOUT NON-DUALISM
Yogash Citta Vritti Nirodhah.
Forceful Yoga. The yoga of physical discipline - aiming at the awakening of the serpent power (kundalini shakti).
Ashtanga - Raja - Patanjala

28. What is the Ramayana
From 100 CE-500 CE there was PATANJALI who authored the Yoga SUTRAS. He spoke about the 8 limb path and was the first to systematize the teachings of Yoga. PATANJALI gave Yoga its Classic FORM
God - the absolute - the expansion - quantum source.
The story of Rama and Sita. It is considered the Genesis and the most popular romantic story in all of India. Hanumat - or Hanuman the Monkey Leader - slay the forest demon - Ravana - and rescues his wife Sita.
KNOWLEDGE

29. What does Prakritti mean?
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
Nature
Classical Yoga around 300-400 BCE
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)

30. What is the story of Matysendra?
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M

31. What does Samadhi mean?
Enlightenment - ecstasy - absorption
Forceful yoga.
The Yogin's spiritual path. CLASSICAL YOGIS did not believe in deep exploration of the physical world or their bodies. These things were seen as a gross distraction from theirr spiritual path.
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.

32. What does Purusha mean?
Goraksha
1000-100 BCE. All ABOUT NON-DUALISM
Spirit
Extend the life force

33. What is Advaita-Vedanta
Non-dualism. Based on the Upanishads. Two main branches Radical - taught by Shankara - and Qualified - taught by Ramanuja.
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra
Seat
The traditionalists believe the body is a hindrance - or an obstacle which limits and distracts us on our path (sadhana). Whereas the Tantrikas believe the body is an expression of divinity and we should therefore discover all of its sense pleasures

34. In what period did Patanjali live
4500-2500 BCE
Rig - Atharva - Yahjur - Sama
Krishna advises Arjuna to battle his 'enemy' which is really Arjuna's family. This 'enemy' represents the hold the world and worldly things have on humans.
Classical Yoga around 300-400 BCE

35. What does Pratyahara mean?
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
SUTRA=suture/thread. These are 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga: transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers (SIDDHIS) - the eight limb path (ASHTANGA) and higher stages of yoga - liberation. Written on palm leaves and tied toge
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.
1. Saucha-sacredness or purity 2. Santosha-contentment 3. Tapas-discipline 4. Swadhyaya-self study or introspection 5. Ishvara Pranidhana-Dedication to God

36. Veda
KNOWLEDGE
Enlightenment - ecstasy - absorption
'The LORD'S SONG'. The most famous of all Indic scripture - where Krishna teaches his main disciple - Arjuna of life through the teachings of KARMIC Yoga (RIGHT ACTION) - BHAKTI Yoga (DEVOTION) - and Jnana Yoga (WISDOM)
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M

37. Name the Barkan Method Lineage.
The founder of the Kanphata order and an early preceptor of Hatha yoga.
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.
Mahavatar Babaji - Lahiri Mahasaya - Swami Sri Yukteswar - Paramahansa Yogananda - Bishnu Ghosh
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t

38. PAT (FROM PATANJALI)
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY
4500-2500 BCE
A 'chosen deity.' This meant that you believed you could meditate on a deity such as Shiva - Krishna - Ganesh or Lakshmi and then actually merge with and become that deity.
DUALISM. (DVAITA=DUALISM - VEDANTA=after the VEDAS) - 'DUALISM THAT OCCURRED AFTER The VEDAS' THIS was the philosophy espoused by Patanjali. Separate CONSCiousness and Matter or PURUSHA (SPIRIT) seen as separate from PRAKRITI (NATURE). FROM this view

39. What is Sabikalpa Samadhi
Meditation
AKA 'GOVINDA' or cow-finder. Always seen playing the flute The 8th incarnation of VISHNU. Krishna is one of the most powerful deities in the HINDU CULTURE. He's written about int the BHAGAVAD-GITA and the BHAGAVATA-PURANA
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
The Yogin's spiritual path. CLASSICAL YOGIS did not believe in deep exploration of the physical world or their bodies. These things were seen as a gross distraction from theirr spiritual path.

40. Who is Patanjali
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
Extend the life force
Krishna advises Arjuna to battle his 'enemy' which is really Arjuna's family. This 'enemy' represents the hold the world and worldly things have on humans.
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path

41. KRISHNA

42. Who is Shankara?

43. What is the main idea of the Bhagavad Gita?

44. Why did the Classical Yogis not believe in a deep exploration of the physical world and their body?
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli
Seat
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)
The Path of Wisdom - 'embodying the scriptures. investing in study

45. The Vedic Age
Knowledge. The oldest portion and the most sacred scriptures of Hinduism. A collection of hymns said to be intuited by the ancient seers of sages. These hymns or songs - were secrets of the universe - why are we here? Oldest composition in the world.
1500-1000 BCE
4500-2500 BCE
DARK OR PLEASING ONE. The 7th incarnation of VISHNU. He is the main character in the RAMAYANA ('the advancement of RAMA') SITA IS his CONSORT. He was rescued by the forest demon - RAVANA

46. What is the differences between Tantra and the more traditional view of the Verticalists?
Cow Protector
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
The traditionalists believe the body is a hindrance - or an obstacle which limits and distracts us on our path (sadhana). Whereas the Tantrikas believe the body is an expression of divinity and we should therefore discover all of its sense pleasures
AKA 'GOVINDA' or cow-finder. Always seen playing the flute The 8th incarnation of VISHNU. Krishna is one of the most powerful deities in the HINDU CULTURE. He's written about int the BHAGAVAD-GITA and the BHAGAVATA-PURANA

47. What does Vashista mean?
'sit near.' They interpreted the Vedas. Hindu scripture that expounds the metaphysics of nondualism (Advaita Vedanta) and is considered the last phase in the Vedic revelation.
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
It means Lord pertaining to the Yoga adepts. It was from the Natha sect that Hatha Yoga developed.
Qualified non-dualist

48. How does the Hatha or Tantric yogi purify their body?
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
Patanjali favored a dualistic philosophy that separates Consciousness and Matter - or Spirit: Purusha and nature: Prakriti. They believed in two separate realities. While still in the physical body the yogin can only glimpse upon the Divine and in hi
The founder of the Kanphata order and an early preceptor of Hatha yoga.
Krishna advises Arjuna to battle his 'enemy' which is really Arjuna's family. This 'enemy' represents the hold the world and worldly things have on humans.

49. The BHAGAVAD-GITA

50. PARUSHA and PAKRITI
DUALISM. (DVAITA=DUALISM - VEDANTA=after the VEDAS) - 'DUALISM THAT OCCURRED AFTER The VEDAS' THIS was the philosophy espoused by Patanjali. Separate CONSCiousness and Matter or PURUSHA (SPIRIT) seen as separate from PRAKRITI (NATURE). FROM this view
SPIRIT and NATURE/CONSCIOUSNESS and MATTER
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)
This is the story of wars between two arms of a family - the Pandavas and the Kauravas.