Yoga History

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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Yoga SUTRAS
SUTRA=suture/thread. These are 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga: transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers (SIDDHIS) - the eight limb path (ASHTANGA) and higher stages of yoga - liberation. Written on palm leaves and tied toge
Classical Yoga around 300-400 BCE
Yoga IS The RESTRICTION OF The WHIRLS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (CITTA)
Matsya (fish) Kurma (tortoise) Varaha (boar) Nara-Simba (lion) Vamana or Bamana - dwarf or short man. First human incarnation. Parusha-Rama (Rama with an Axe) Rama (dark or pleasing one). Main character in Rama and Sita. Krishna (also known as Govind


2. Who is Ramanuja?

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3. Advaita Vedanta
1000-100 BCE. All ABOUT NON-DUALISM
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
Ashtanga - Raja - Patanjala
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie


4. What are the FOUR VEDAS?
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
Concentration
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.


5. What is the differences between Tantra and the more traditional view of the Verticalists?
The traditionalists believe the body is a hindrance - or an obstacle which limits and distracts us on our path (sadhana). Whereas the Tantrikas believe the body is an expression of divinity and we should therefore discover all of its sense pleasures
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.
Krishna advises Arjuna to battle his 'enemy' which is really Arjuna's family. This 'enemy' represents the hold the world and worldly things have on humans.
God - the absolute - the expansion - quantum source.


6. Name the three Samadhi's
Patanjali favored a dualistic philosophy that separates Consciousness and Matter - or Spirit: Purusha and nature: Prakriti. They believed in two separate realities. While still in the physical body the yogin can only glimpse upon the Divine and in hi
Sabikalpa - Nirbikalpa - Maha
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY
The Yoga Sutras - The 8 Limb Path


7. Who is Goraksha?
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.
1. Saucha-sacredness or purity 2. Santosha-contentment 3. Tapas-discipline 4. Swadhyaya-self study or introspection 5. Ishvara Pranidhana-Dedication to God
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
Goraksha


8. KRISHNA

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9. Who is Ramanuja?

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10. What do the Upanishads mean?

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11. What is Patanjali's approach to Dvaita (Dualism).
Patanjali favored a dualistic philosophy that separates Consciousness and Matter - or Spirit: Purusha and nature: Prakriti. They believed in two separate realities. While still in the physical body the yogin can only glimpse upon the Divine and in hi
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
DARK OR PLEASING ONE. The 7th incarnation of VISHNU. He is the main character in the RAMAYANA ('the advancement of RAMA') SITA IS his CONSORT. He was rescued by the forest demon - RAVANA
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)


12. Before Goraksha - what was practicing asana was primarily done for?
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli
Rig - Atharva - Yahjur - Sama
4500-2500 BCE
To prepare the yogi for meditation.


13. What do the Yamas Represent
Universal morality
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.
It was a combination of the Right and Left path. It had a strong presence of the Shakti element both in manifesting the feminine Shakti - and the presence of women in the role of consorts and initiators.
To prepare the yogi for meditation.


14. Why was Goraksha given his name?
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.


15. What does Dhyana mean?
It means the Lord's Song. The book of Psalms. The popular Yoga scripture containing the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna.
100-500 C.E.
Extend the life force
Meditation


16. Shiva's Counterpart
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
Govinda - cow finder.


17. Brahma's Counterpart
It means the Lord's Song. The book of Psalms. The popular Yoga scripture containing the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna.
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.
DARK OR PLEASING ONE. The 7th incarnation of VISHNU. He is the main character in the RAMAYANA ('the advancement of RAMA') SITA IS his CONSORT. He was rescued by the forest demon - RAVANA
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.


18. What does Purusha mean?
Knowledge. The oldest portion and the most sacred scriptures of Hinduism. A collection of hymns said to be intuited by the ancient seers of sages. These hymns or songs - were secrets of the universe - why are we here? Oldest composition in the world.
1500-1000 BCE
The Path of Wisdom - 'embodying the scriptures. investing in study
Spirit


19. Vishnu's Counterpart

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20. What is the Ramayana
Pingala - Eda and Sushumna
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
Spoken of in Pre-Classical times (1000 BCE-100 BCE) in Krishna's lesson to Arjuna in the BHAGAVAD GITA. The path of RIGHT ACTION. Through our TAPAS (disciplines - austerities) - you start to burn your - Karma. HATHA Yoga is KARMA Yoga
The story of Rama and Sita. It is considered the Genesis and the most popular romantic story in all of India. Hanumat - or Hanuman the Monkey Leader - slay the forest demon - Ravana - and rescues his wife Sita.


21. Name the three Samadhi's
4500-2500 BCE
'The LORD'S SONG'. The most famous of all Indic scripture - where Krishna teaches his main disciple - Arjuna of life through the teachings of KARMIC Yoga (RIGHT ACTION) - BHAKTI Yoga (DEVOTION) - and Jnana Yoga (WISDOM)
Seat
Sabikalpa - Nirbikalpa - Maha


22. PAT (FROM PATANJALI)
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY
Sabikalpa - Nirbikalpa - Maha
A 'chosen deity.' This meant that you believed you could meditate on a deity such as Shiva - Krishna - Ganesh or Lakshmi and then actually merge with and become that deity.
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path


23. The Indic Trimurti
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.
KNOWLEDGE
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.


24. What were the UPANISHADS?

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25. DVAITA VEDANTA

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26. BHAKTI Yoga
Matsyendra and Goraksha
Meditation
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
From 100 CE-500 CE there was PATANJALI who authored the Yoga SUTRAS. He spoke about the 8 limb path and was the first to systematize the teachings of Yoga. PATANJALI gave Yoga its Classic FORM


27. The UPANISHADIC AGE
Sutra means suture or thread. The Sutras consist of 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga; transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers or (Siddhis) - the eight limb path (Ashtanga) - and higher stages of yoga - liberation. They were
1000-100 BCE. All ABOUT NON-DUALISM
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY
1500-1000 BCE


28. The story of KRISHNA as GOVINDA
Forceful yoga.
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.
Means 'to sit near'. There were traditionally 108 Upanishads. Epiphanies of the VEDAS They were interpretations of the VEDAS
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.


29. What was Patanjali the author of?
Non-dualism. Based on the Upanishads. Two main branches Radical - taught by Shankara - and Qualified - taught by Ramanuja.
The Yoga Sutras - The 8 Limb Path
Govinda - cow finder.
Cow Protector


30. What does Prakritti mean?
Nature
Goraksha
Knowledge. The oldest portion and the most sacred scriptures of Hinduism. A collection of hymns said to be intuited by the ancient seers of sages. These hymns or songs - were secrets of the universe - why are we here? Oldest composition in the world.
DARK OR PLEASING ONE. The 7th incarnation of VISHNU. He is the main character in the RAMAYANA ('the advancement of RAMA') SITA IS his CONSORT. He was rescued by the forest demon - RAVANA


31. What does Prakritti mean?
Forceful Yoga. The yoga of physical discipline - aiming at the awakening of the serpent power (kundalini shakti).
Nature
Dualism or 'two.'
Forceful yoga.


32. What are the FOUR VEDAS?
Patanjali
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.
Yama - Niyama - Asana - Pranayama - Pratyahara - Dhrana - Dhyana - Samadhi


33. Name the Barkan Method Lineage.
Mahavatar Babaji - Lahiri Mahasaya - Swami Sri Yukteswar - Paramahansa Yogananda - Bishnu Ghosh
1500-1000 BCE
1. Ahimsa-non violence 2. Satya-truth 3. Asteya-non stealing 4. Brahmacharya - abstinence 5. Aparigraha - non hoarding
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t


34. Name the 8 Limb Path
Yama - Niyama - Asana - Pranayama - Pratyahara - Dhrana - Dhyana - Samadhi
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra
It means Non-dualism or 'not two.'


35. Shiva's Counterpart
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.
It means the Lord's Song. The book of Psalms. The popular Yoga scripture containing the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna.
1500-1000 BCE
Seat


36. Rama's Consort
Sita
'living liberated' The adept who is liberated or enlightened while still embodied. This is a non-dualistic ideal - that when 'self realization occurs - liberation will come'. The Bhagavad-Gita describes Jivan-Mukta
4500-2500 BCE
Means 'to sit near'. There were traditionally 108 Upanishads. Epiphanies of the VEDAS They were interpretations of the VEDAS


37. Who are the two most outstanding Nathas?
Matsyendra and Goraksha
DARK OR PLEASING ONE. The 7th incarnation of VISHNU. He is the main character in the RAMAYANA ('the advancement of RAMA') SITA IS his CONSORT. He was rescued by the forest demon - RAVANA
100-500 C.E.
The traditionalists believe the body is a hindrance - or an obstacle which limits and distracts us on our path (sadhana). Whereas the Tantrikas believe the body is an expression of divinity and we should therefore discover all of its sense pleasures


38. Pre-Classical ERA (when - approximately)?
It means the Lord's Song. The book of Psalms. The popular Yoga scripture containing the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna.
1000-100 BCE. All ABOUT NON-DUALISM
Concentration
Extend the life force


39. The story of KRISHNA as GOVINDA
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.
Classical Yoga around 300-400 BCE
Matsyendra and Goraksha


40. What was unique about the Kaula branch of Tantra yoga
DARK OR PLEASING ONE. The 7th incarnation of VISHNU. He is the main character in the RAMAYANA ('the advancement of RAMA') SITA IS his CONSORT. He was rescued by the forest demon - RAVANA
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
It was a combination of the Right and Left path. It had a strong presence of the Shakti element both in manifesting the feminine Shakti - and the presence of women in the role of consorts and initiators.


41. Before Goraksha - what was practicing asana was primarily done for?
Ashtanga - Raja - Patanjala
Lakshmi - The Goddess of good fortune - wealth - she attracts the minds of the yogi's by her beauty.
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
Means 'to sit near'. There were traditionally 108 Upanishads. Epiphanies of the VEDAS They were interpretations of the VEDAS


42. How does the Hatha or Tantric yogi purify their body?
Hymns sung and passed down from Brahman to Brahman. The RIG VEDA first mentions Yoga
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
The Yoga Sutras - The 8 Limb Path
Arguably the most famous Sutra which means - Yoga is the cessation of the fluctuations of the mind.


43. Sabikalpa Samadhi

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44. Vishnu's ten incarnations
Matsya (fish) Kurma (tortoise) Varaha (boar) Nara-Simba (lion) Vamana or Bamana - dwarf or short man. First human incarnation. Parusha-Rama (Rama with an Axe) Rama (dark or pleasing one). Main character in Rama and Sita. Krishna (also known as Govind
KNOWLEDGE
ASHTANGA Yoga - PATANJALI Yoga - RAJA Yoga
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY


45. What is Sabikalpa Samadhi
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
SUTRA=suture/thread. These are 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga: transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers (SIDDHIS) - the eight limb path (ASHTANGA) and higher stages of yoga - liberation. Written on palm leaves and tied toge
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
Sutra means suture or thread. The Sutras consist of 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga; transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers or (Siddhis) - the eight limb path (Ashtanga) - and higher stages of yoga - liberation. They were


46. Who is Patanjali
4500-2500 BCE
Hymns sung and passed down from Brahman to Brahman. The RIG VEDA first mentions Yoga
Sabikalpa - Nirbikalpa - Maha
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path


47. Name the three energy channel Nadis
Pingala - Eda and Sushumna
It was a combination of the Right and Left path. It had a strong presence of the Shakti element both in manifesting the feminine Shakti - and the presence of women in the role of consorts and initiators.
Sutra means suture or thread. The Sutras consist of 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga; transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers or (Siddhis) - the eight limb path (Ashtanga) - and higher stages of yoga - liberation. They were
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)


48. What is arguably the most famous Sutra and its meaning
It means Lord pertaining to the Yoga adepts. It was from the Natha sect that Hatha Yoga developed.
Yogash Citta Vritti Nirodhah.
Forceful yoga.
Sita


49. Who is Goraksha?
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.
Radha
Universal morality


50. Shiva-Shakti
Buddhism - Right Path - Left Path and Kaula.
4500-2500 BCE
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.