Yoga History

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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does Asana mean
Ashtanga - Raja - Patanjala
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM
Seat


2. SIDHANA

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3. Who is Goraksha?
DARK OR PLEASING ONE. The 7th incarnation of VISHNU. He is the main character in the RAMAYANA ('the advancement of RAMA') SITA IS his CONSORT. He was rescued by the forest demon - RAVANA
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.
Universal morality
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.


4. What does Tantra mean?
Yoga IS The RESTRICTION OF The WHIRLS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (CITTA)
Patanjali favored a dualistic philosophy that separates Consciousness and Matter - or Spirit: Purusha and nature: Prakriti. They believed in two separate realities. While still in the physical body the yogin can only glimpse upon the Divine and in hi
Yogash Citta Vritti Nirodhah.
To weave - loom or extend - very non judgmental - they embraced everyone with an open mind.


5. Name 5 of the 10 incarnations of VISHNU
Personal observances or restraints
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)
The Path of Wisdom - 'embodying the scriptures. investing in study
DARK OR PLEASING ONE. The 7th incarnation of VISHNU. He is the main character in the RAMAYANA ('the advancement of RAMA') SITA IS his CONSORT. He was rescued by the forest demon - RAVANA


6. PAT (FROM PATANJALI)
To weave - loom or extend - very non judgmental - they embraced everyone with an open mind.
The founder of the Kanphata order and an early preceptor of Hatha yoga.
ASHTANGA Yoga - PATANJALI Yoga - RAJA Yoga
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY


7. What are the Kanphatas?
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
Sabikalpa - Nirbikalpa - Maha
Concentration


8. What is arguably the most famous Sutra and its meaning
Pingala - Eda and Sushumna
Yogash Citta Vritti Nirodhah.
It was a combination of the Right and Left path. It had a strong presence of the Shakti element both in manifesting the feminine Shakti - and the presence of women in the role of consorts and initiators.
A 'chosen deity.' This meant that you believed you could meditate on a deity such as Shiva - Krishna - Ganesh or Lakshmi and then actually merge with and become that deity.


9. What is the Ramayana
Arguably the most famous Sutra which means - Yoga is the cessation of the fluctuations of the mind.
The story of Rama and Sita. It is considered the Genesis and the most popular romantic story in all of India. Hanumat - or Hanuman the Monkey Leader - slay the forest demon - Ravana - and rescues his wife Sita.
Sabikalpa - Nirbikalpa - Maha
Enlightenment - ecstasy - absorption


10. Shiva-Shakti
Buddhism - Right Path - Left Path and Kaula.
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.
Sita


11. Why did the Classical Yogis not believe in a deep exploration of the physical world and their body?
The founder of the Kanphata order and an early preceptor of Hatha yoga.
Hymns sung and passed down from Brahman to Brahman. The RIG VEDA first mentions Yoga
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli
Ashtanga - Raja - Patanjala


12. Krishna's consort
Radha
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie
Universal morality
Spirit


13. What is Patanjali's approach to Dvaita (Dualism).
Lakshmi - The Goddess of good fortune - wealth - she attracts the minds of the yogi's by her beauty.
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie
Patanjali favored a dualistic philosophy that separates Consciousness and Matter - or Spirit: Purusha and nature: Prakriti. They believed in two separate realities. While still in the physical body the yogin can only glimpse upon the Divine and in hi
'The LORD'S SONG'. The most famous of all Indic scripture - where Krishna teaches his main disciple - Arjuna of life through the teachings of KARMIC Yoga (RIGHT ACTION) - BHAKTI Yoga (DEVOTION) - and Jnana Yoga (WISDOM)


14. BHAKTI Yoga
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
Universal morality
The Path of Wisdom - 'embodying the scriptures. investing in study


15. What is another name for Goraksha
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli
Cow Protector
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)
Dualism or 'two.'


16. What is KARMA Yoga

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17. Who are the two most outstanding Nathas?
'sit near.' They interpreted the Vedas. Hindu scripture that expounds the metaphysics of nondualism (Advaita Vedanta) and is considered the last phase in the Vedic revelation.
DUALISM. (DVAITA=DUALISM - VEDANTA=after the VEDAS) - 'DUALISM THAT OCCURRED AFTER The VEDAS' THIS was the philosophy espoused by Patanjali. Separate CONSCiousness and Matter or PURUSHA (SPIRIT) seen as separate from PRAKRITI (NATURE). FROM this view
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.
Matsyendra and Goraksha


18. Who is Shankara?

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19. What is Sabikalpa Samadhi
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.
Dualism or 'two.'
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
A 'chosen deity.' This meant that you believed you could meditate on a deity such as Shiva - Krishna - Ganesh or Lakshmi and then actually merge with and become that deity.


20. WHAT ARE SOME OTheR NAMES FOR CLASSICAL Yoga?
ASHTANGA Yoga - PATANJALI Yoga - RAJA Yoga
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)
Arguably the most famous Sutra which means - Yoga is the cessation of the fluctuations of the mind.
A 'chosen deity.' This meant that you believed you could meditate on a deity such as Shiva - Krishna - Ganesh or Lakshmi and then actually merge with and become that deity.


21. What does Prakritti mean?
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.
The traditionalists believe the body is a hindrance - or an obstacle which limits and distracts us on our path (sadhana). Whereas the Tantrikas believe the body is an expression of divinity and we should therefore discover all of its sense pleasures
Patanjali
Nature


22. The Indic Trimurti
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
Lakshmi - The Goddess of good fortune - wealth - she attracts the minds of the yogi's by her beauty.
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.


23. Vishnu's Counterpart

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24. Parvati's son
4500-2500 BCE
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.
It means Lord pertaining to the Yoga adepts. It was from the Natha sect that Hatha Yoga developed.


25. Who is Matysendra
Yama - Niyama - Asana - Pranayama - Pratyahara - Dhrana - Dhyana - Samadhi
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.


26. What is the Bhagavad-Gita

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27. What were the VEDAS?
Pat; fallen or transfer. Anjali; greeting.
Non-dualism. Based on the Upanishads. Two main branches Radical - taught by Shankara - and Qualified - taught by Ramanuja.
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
Hymns sung and passed down from Brahman to Brahman. The RIG VEDA first mentions Yoga


28. What is the Bhagavad-Gita

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29. PAT (FROM PATANJALI)
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
Radha


30. CLASSICAL Yoga CONCEPTS
From 100 CE-500 CE there was PATANJALI who authored the Yoga SUTRAS. He spoke about the 8 limb path and was the first to systematize the teachings of Yoga. PATANJALI gave Yoga its Classic FORM
Enlightenment - ecstasy - absorption
Matsyendra and Goraksha
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.


31. What role did Goraksha play in our lineage
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
The founder of the Kanphata order and an early preceptor of Hatha yoga.
Qualified non-dualist
It means Lord pertaining to the Yoga adepts. It was from the Natha sect that Hatha Yoga developed.


32. What are the four vedas
Patanjali
KNOWLEDGE
Govinda - cow finder.
Rig - Atharva - Yahjur - Sama


33. What were the VEDAS?
Sutra means suture or thread. The Sutras consist of 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga; transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers or (Siddhis) - the eight limb path (Ashtanga) - and higher stages of yoga - liberation. They were
Hymns sung and passed down from Brahman to Brahman. The RIG VEDA first mentions Yoga
100-500 C.E.
To prepare the yogi for meditation.


34. What were the UPANISHADS?

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35. Who was the first to systemize the teachings of Yoga and give yoga its Classical Form
The Mahabharata (GREAT STORY). The Bhagavad Gita is incorporated within the Mahabharata as one of the episodes.
To weave - loom or extend - very non judgmental - they embraced everyone with an open mind.
Patanjali
ASHTANGA Yoga - PATANJALI Yoga - RAJA Yoga


36. Who is Goraksha?
It was a combination of the Right and Left path. It had a strong presence of the Shakti element both in manifesting the feminine Shakti - and the presence of women in the role of consorts and initiators.
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.
The Path of Wisdom - 'embodying the scriptures. investing in study


37. Who was the first Hatha yoga teacher?
'The LORD'S SONG'. The most famous of all Indic scripture - where Krishna teaches his main disciple - Arjuna of life through the teachings of KARMIC Yoga (RIGHT ACTION) - BHAKTI Yoga (DEVOTION) - and Jnana Yoga (WISDOM)
Goraksha
KNOWLEDGE
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra


38. What do the Yamas Represent
Non-dualism. Based on the Upanishads. Two main branches Radical - taught by Shankara - and Qualified - taught by Ramanuja.
Universal morality
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.
DUALISM. (DVAITA=DUALISM - VEDANTA=after the VEDAS) - 'DUALISM THAT OCCURRED AFTER The VEDAS' THIS was the philosophy espoused by Patanjali. Separate CONSCiousness and Matter or PURUSHA (SPIRIT) seen as separate from PRAKRITI (NATURE). FROM this view


39. Name the 8 Limb Path
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
The Yogin's spiritual path. CLASSICAL YOGIS did not believe in deep exploration of the physical world or their bodies. These things were seen as a gross distraction from theirr spiritual path.
Extend the life force
Yama - Niyama - Asana - Pranayama - Pratyahara - Dhrana - Dhyana - Samadhi


40. CLASSICAL ERA OF Yoga - WHEN?
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
DUALISM. (DVAITA=DUALISM - VEDANTA=after the VEDAS) - 'DUALISM THAT OCCURRED AFTER The VEDAS' THIS was the philosophy espoused by Patanjali. Separate CONSCiousness and Matter or PURUSHA (SPIRIT) seen as separate from PRAKRITI (NATURE). FROM this view
100-500 C.E.


41. Name the Barkan Method Lineage.
Spirit
Mahavatar Babaji - Lahiri Mahasaya - Swami Sri Yukteswar - Paramahansa Yogananda - Bishnu Ghosh
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.
Matsyendra and Goraksha


42. What is the story of Matysendra?
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M
A higher state of consciousness in which the yogi communes with God in an ordinary walking state - even performing worldly duties. Without difference. The yogi feels there is a slight separation from God. In Nirbikalpa there is no separation from God


43. What are the yoga sutras
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.
Sutra means suture or thread. The Sutras consist of 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga; transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers or (Siddhis) - the eight limb path (Ashtanga) - and higher stages of yoga - liberation. They were
Universal morality
Ashtanga - Raja - Patanjala


44. What is Advaita-Vedanta
Non-dualism. Based on the Upanishads. Two main branches Radical - taught by Shankara - and Qualified - taught by Ramanuja.
It means the Lord's Song. The book of Psalms. The popular Yoga scripture containing the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna.
Govinda - cow finder.
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.


45. What does Vashista mean?
Concentration
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.
Buddhism - Right Path - Left Path and Kaula.
Qualified non-dualist


46. What does Dhrana mean?
1000-100 BCE. All ABOUT NON-DUALISM
Concentration
Krishna advises Arjuna to battle his 'enemy' which is really Arjuna's family. This 'enemy' represents the hold the world and worldly things have on humans.
Meditation


47. What are the Kanphatas?
Hymns sung and passed down from Brahman to Brahman. The RIG VEDA first mentions Yoga
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.
Krishna advises Arjuna to battle his 'enemy' which is really Arjuna's family. This 'enemy' represents the hold the world and worldly things have on humans.
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M


48. What are the four vedas
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.
Rig - Atharva - Yahjur - Sama
Spirit


49. What are the yoga sutras
The Path of Wisdom - 'embodying the scriptures. investing in study
'The LORD'S SONG'. The most famous of all Indic scripture - where Krishna teaches his main disciple - Arjuna of life through the teachings of KARMIC Yoga (RIGHT ACTION) - BHAKTI Yoga (DEVOTION) - and Jnana Yoga (WISDOM)
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
Sutra means suture or thread. The Sutras consist of 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga; transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers or (Siddhis) - the eight limb path (Ashtanga) - and higher stages of yoga - liberation. They were


50. Who was the first to systemize the teachings of Yoga and give yoga its Classical Form
KNOWLEDGE
Patanjali
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.
DUALISM. (DVAITA=DUALISM - VEDANTA=after the VEDAS) - 'DUALISM THAT OCCURRED AFTER The VEDAS' THIS was the philosophy espoused by Patanjali. Separate CONSCiousness and Matter or PURUSHA (SPIRIT) seen as separate from PRAKRITI (NATURE). FROM this view