Yoga History

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• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does Dhyana mean?
Yama - Niyama - Asana - Pranayama - Pratyahara - Dhrana - Dhyana - Samadhi
'living liberated' The adept who is liberated or enlightened while still embodied. This is a non-dualistic ideal - that when 'self realization occurs - liberation will come'. The Bhagavad-Gita describes Jivan-Mukta
Radha
Meditation


2. The Brahman
Classical Yoga around 300-400 BCE
God - the absolute - the expansion - quantum source.
SPIRIT and NATURE/CONSCIOUSNESS and MATTER
Radha


3. What are the four paths of Tantra yoga?
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M
Buddhism - Right Path - Left Path and Kaula.
Meditation


4. BHAKTI Yoga
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
A higher state of consciousness in which the yogi communes with God in an ordinary walking state - even performing worldly duties. Without difference. The yogi feels there is a slight separation from God. In Nirbikalpa there is no separation from God
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA


5. What is the story of Matysendra?
Radha
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M
SPIRIT and NATURE/CONSCIOUSNESS and MATTER
Pingala - Eda and Sushumna


6. Who is Goraksha?
Universal morality
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.


7. Name the Yama's and their meanings
1. Ahimsa-non violence 2. Satya-truth 3. Asteya-non stealing 4. Brahmacharya - abstinence 5. Aparigraha - non hoarding
Qualified non-dualist
God - the absolute - the expansion - quantum source.
The founder of the Kanphata order and an early preceptor of Hatha yoga.


8. The story of KRISHNA as GOVINDA
Personal observances or restraints
He believed in a non-dualistic approach (Advaita-Vedanta) that the only reality is a spiritual world. He believed in an 'Abstract idea of who God is.' He challenged Patanjali's concept of separate realities. His concept was that Prakritti (nature) wa
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.
1. Ahimsa-non violence 2. Satya-truth 3. Asteya-non stealing 4. Brahmacharya - abstinence 5. Aparigraha - non hoarding


9. What is the Bhagavad-Gita

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10. What does Asana mean
Krishna advises Arjuna to battle his 'enemy' which is really Arjuna's family. This 'enemy' represents the hold the world and worldly things have on humans.
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.
Seat


11. PAT (FROM PATANJALI)
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY
Classical Yoga around 300-400 BCE
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.
Sita


12. What is the Mahabharata (The Great Story)?
This is the story of wars between two arms of a family - the Pandavas and the Kauravas.
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
ASHTANGA Yoga - PATANJALI Yoga - RAJA Yoga


13. How does the Hatha or Tantric yogi purify their body?
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
'sit near.' They interpreted the Vedas. Hindu scripture that expounds the metaphysics of nondualism (Advaita Vedanta) and is considered the last phase in the Vedic revelation.
DUALISM. (DVAITA=DUALISM - VEDANTA=after the VEDAS) - 'DUALISM THAT OCCURRED AFTER The VEDAS' THIS was the philosophy espoused by Patanjali. Separate CONSCiousness and Matter or PURUSHA (SPIRIT) seen as separate from PRAKRITI (NATURE). FROM this view


14. Veda
A 'chosen deity.' This meant that you believed you could meditate on a deity such as Shiva - Krishna - Ganesh or Lakshmi and then actually merge with and become that deity.
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
KNOWLEDGE
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA


15. Name the 8 Limb Path
Yama - Niyama - Asana - Pranayama - Pratyahara - Dhrana - Dhyana - Samadhi
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.
Forceful Yoga. The yoga of physical discipline - aiming at the awakening of the serpent power (kundalini shakti).
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA


16. The Vedic Age
4500-2500 BCE
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
Meditation
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie


17. Rama's Consort
1. Ahimsa-non violence 2. Satya-truth 3. Asteya-non stealing 4. Brahmacharya - abstinence 5. Aparigraha - non hoarding
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
Sita
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra


18. JNANA Yoga

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19. Shiva's Counterpart
He believed in a non-dualistic approach (Advaita-Vedanta) that the only reality is a spiritual world. He believed in an 'Abstract idea of who God is.' He challenged Patanjali's concept of separate realities. His concept was that Prakritti (nature) wa
This is the story of wars between two arms of a family - the Pandavas and the Kauravas.
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.
Spoken of in Pre-Classical times (1000 BCE-100 BCE) in Krishna's lesson to Arjuna in the BHAGAVAD GITA. The path of RIGHT ACTION. Through our TAPAS (disciplines - austerities) - you start to burn your - Karma. HATHA Yoga is KARMA Yoga


20. What does Hatha Yoga mean?
The traditionalists believe the body is a hindrance - or an obstacle which limits and distracts us on our path (sadhana). Whereas the Tantrikas believe the body is an expression of divinity and we should therefore discover all of its sense pleasures
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path
Concentration
Forceful yoga.


21. Vishnu's Counterpart

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22. What is arguably the most famous Sutra and its meaning
Yogash Citta Vritti Nirodhah.
Universal morality
Matsya (fish) Kurma (tortoise) Varaha (boar) Nara-Simba (lion) Vamana or Bamana - dwarf or short man. First human incarnation. Parusha-Rama (Rama with an Axe) Rama (dark or pleasing one). Main character in Rama and Sita. Krishna (also known as Govind
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)


23. What is Hatha Yoga?
It means the Lord's Song. The book of Psalms. The popular Yoga scripture containing the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna.
Forceful Yoga. The yoga of physical discipline - aiming at the awakening of the serpent power (kundalini shakti).
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
Dualism or 'two.'


24. Why did the Classical Yogis not believe in a deep exploration of the physical world and their body?
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli
Forceful yoga.
DUALISM. (DVAITA=DUALISM - VEDANTA=after the VEDAS) - 'DUALISM THAT OCCURRED AFTER The VEDAS' THIS was the philosophy espoused by Patanjali. Separate CONSCiousness and Matter or PURUSHA (SPIRIT) seen as separate from PRAKRITI (NATURE). FROM this view


25. Who was the first to systemize the teachings of Yoga and give yoga its Classical Form
Patanjali
The traditionalists believe the body is a hindrance - or an obstacle which limits and distracts us on our path (sadhana). Whereas the Tantrikas believe the body is an expression of divinity and we should therefore discover all of its sense pleasures
Mahavatar Babaji - Lahiri Mahasaya - Swami Sri Yukteswar - Paramahansa Yogananda - Bishnu Ghosh
'The LORD'S SONG'. The most famous of all Indic scripture - where Krishna teaches his main disciple - Arjuna of life through the teachings of KARMIC Yoga (RIGHT ACTION) - BHAKTI Yoga (DEVOTION) - and Jnana Yoga (WISDOM)


26. Why was Goraksha given his name?
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M
Yama - Niyama - Asana - Pranayama - Pratyahara - Dhrana - Dhyana - Samadhi
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra
It means Lord pertaining to the Yoga adepts. It was from the Natha sect that Hatha Yoga developed.


27. What are the FOUR VEDAS?
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
1. Saucha-sacredness or purity 2. Santosha-contentment 3. Tapas-discipline 4. Swadhyaya-self study or introspection 5. Ishvara Pranidhana-Dedication to God
From 100 CE-500 CE there was PATANJALI who authored the Yoga SUTRAS. He spoke about the 8 limb path and was the first to systematize the teachings of Yoga. PATANJALI gave Yoga its Classic FORM


28. Who is Matysendra
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.
Non-dualism. Based on the Upanishads. Two main branches Radical - taught by Shankara - and Qualified - taught by Ramanuja.
Ashtanga - Raja - Patanjala
Krishna advises Arjuna to battle his 'enemy' which is really Arjuna's family. This 'enemy' represents the hold the world and worldly things have on humans.


29. What is another name for Goraksha
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
Cow Protector
The Yoga Sutras - The 8 Limb Path
Spirit


30. WHAT ARE SOME OTheR NAMES FOR CLASSICAL Yoga?
KNOWLEDGE
ASHTANGA Yoga - PATANJALI Yoga - RAJA Yoga
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.
Means 'to sit near'. There were traditionally 108 Upanishads. Epiphanies of the VEDAS They were interpretations of the VEDAS


31. JIVAN MUKTA

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32. What is Nirbikalpa Samadhi
Buddhism - Right Path - Left Path and Kaula.
The story of Rama and Sita. It is considered the Genesis and the most popular romantic story in all of India. Hanumat - or Hanuman the Monkey Leader - slay the forest demon - Ravana - and rescues his wife Sita.
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM
A higher state of consciousness in which the yogi communes with God in an ordinary walking state - even performing worldly duties. Without difference. The yogi feels there is a slight separation from God. In Nirbikalpa there is no separation from God


33. What does Hatha Yoga mean?
It means the Lord's Song. The book of Psalms. The popular Yoga scripture containing the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna.
Universal morality
Concentration
Forceful yoga.


34. What is Patanjali's approach to Dvaita (Dualism).
Patanjali favored a dualistic philosophy that separates Consciousness and Matter - or Spirit: Purusha and nature: Prakriti. They believed in two separate realities. While still in the physical body the yogin can only glimpse upon the Divine and in hi
Mahavatar Babaji - Lahiri Mahasaya - Swami Sri Yukteswar - Paramahansa Yogananda - Bishnu Ghosh
Nature
4500-2500 BCE


35. Parvati's son
Sabikalpa - Nirbikalpa - Maha
The traditionalists believe the body is a hindrance - or an obstacle which limits and distracts us on our path (sadhana). Whereas the Tantrikas believe the body is an expression of divinity and we should therefore discover all of its sense pleasures
Means 'to sit near'. There were traditionally 108 Upanishads. Epiphanies of the VEDAS They were interpretations of the VEDAS
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.


36. DVAITA VEDANTA

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37. Why was Goraksha given his name?
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra
He believed in a non-dualistic approach (Advaita-Vedanta) that the only reality is a spiritual world. He believed in an 'Abstract idea of who God is.' He challenged Patanjali's concept of separate realities. His concept was that Prakritti (nature) wa
Personal observances or restraints
Personal observances or restraints


38. Who is Shankara?

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39. What is the 'breakdown -' or meaning of Patanjali's name
Pat; fallen or transfer. Anjali; greeting.
Lakshmi - The Goddess of good fortune - wealth - she attracts the minds of the yogi's by her beauty.
Rig - Atharva - Yahjur - Sama
Pingala - Eda and Sushumna


40. What do the Yamas Represent
Universal morality
Seat
ASHTANGA Yoga - PATANJALI Yoga - RAJA Yoga
4500-2500 BCE


41. What do the Upanishads mean?

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42. Name the Barkan Method Lineage.
Mahavatar Babaji - Lahiri Mahasaya - Swami Sri Yukteswar - Paramahansa Yogananda - Bishnu Ghosh
Patanjali
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.
'sit near.' They interpreted the Vedas. Hindu scripture that expounds the metaphysics of nondualism (Advaita Vedanta) and is considered the last phase in the Vedic revelation.


43. What do the Yamas Represent
Classical Yoga around 300-400 BCE
Universal morality
The traditionalists believe the body is a hindrance - or an obstacle which limits and distracts us on our path (sadhana). Whereas the Tantrikas believe the body is an expression of divinity and we should therefore discover all of its sense pleasures
Dualism or 'two.'


44. What is Krishna also known as
Matsyendra and Goraksha
Govinda - cow finder.
1500-1000 BCE
'sit near.' They interpreted the Vedas. Hindu scripture that expounds the metaphysics of nondualism (Advaita Vedanta) and is considered the last phase in the Vedic revelation.


45. What are the yoga sutras
100-500 C.E.
Sutra means suture or thread. The Sutras consist of 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga; transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers or (Siddhis) - the eight limb path (Ashtanga) - and higher stages of yoga - liberation. They were
Forceful Yoga. The yoga of physical discipline - aiming at the awakening of the serpent power (kundalini shakti).
It means the Lord's Song. The book of Psalms. The popular Yoga scripture containing the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna.


46. What is Advaita-Vedanta
'living liberated' The adept who is liberated or enlightened while still embodied. This is a non-dualistic ideal - that when 'self realization occurs - liberation will come'. The Bhagavad-Gita describes Jivan-Mukta
Non-dualism. Based on the Upanishads. Two main branches Radical - taught by Shankara - and Qualified - taught by Ramanuja.
1. Ahimsa-non violence 2. Satya-truth 3. Asteya-non stealing 4. Brahmacharya - abstinence 5. Aparigraha - non hoarding
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.


47. What is another name for Goraksha
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM
Non-dualism. Based on the Upanishads. Two main branches Radical - taught by Shankara - and Qualified - taught by Ramanuja.
Cow Protector


48. Parvati's son
1500-1000 BCE
It means the Lord's Song. The book of Psalms. The popular Yoga scripture containing the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna.
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.
Knowledge. The oldest portion and the most sacred scriptures of Hinduism. A collection of hymns said to be intuited by the ancient seers of sages. These hymns or songs - were secrets of the universe - why are we here? Oldest composition in the world.


49. Yogash citta vritti nirodhah
'The LORD'S SONG'. The most famous of all Indic scripture - where Krishna teaches his main disciple - Arjuna of life through the teachings of KARMIC Yoga (RIGHT ACTION) - BHAKTI Yoga (DEVOTION) - and Jnana Yoga (WISDOM)
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie
Yoga IS The RESTRICTION OF The WHIRLS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (CITTA)
Ashtanga - Raja - Patanjala


50. Name the three energy channel Nadis
4500-2500 BCE
Goraksha
Pingala - Eda and Sushumna
Buddhism - Right Path - Left Path and Kaula.