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Yoga History

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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. KRISHNA

2. Rama's Consort
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
Sita
Rig - Atharva - Yahjur - Sama
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M

3. What are the Kanphatas?
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.
DARK OR PLEASING ONE. The 7th incarnation of VISHNU. He is the main character in the RAMAYANA ('the advancement of RAMA') SITA IS his CONSORT. He was rescued by the forest demon - RAVANA

4. Shiva-Shakti
Nature
KNOWLEDGE
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.

5. What is a Dvaita

6. BHAKTI Yoga
Enlightenment - ecstasy - absorption
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M

7. SIDHANA

8. What does Asana mean
Seat
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
Pat; fallen or transfer. Anjali; greeting.
A higher state of consciousness in which the yogi communes with God in an ordinary walking state - even performing worldly duties. Without difference. The yogi feels there is a slight separation from God. In Nirbikalpa there is no separation from God

9. What is the main idea of the Bhagavad Gita?

10. What are the yoga sutras
He believed in a non-dualistic approach (Advaita-Vedanta) that the only reality is a spiritual world. He believed in an 'Abstract idea of who God is.' He challenged Patanjali's concept of separate realities. His concept was that Prakritti (nature) wa
SUTRA=suture/thread. These are 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga: transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers (SIDDHIS) - the eight limb path (ASHTANGA) and higher stages of yoga - liberation. Written on palm leaves and tied toge
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie
Sutra means suture or thread. The Sutras consist of 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga; transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers or (Siddhis) - the eight limb path (Ashtanga) - and higher stages of yoga - liberation. They were

11. Who is Goraksha?
He believed in a non-dualistic approach (Advaita-Vedanta) that the only reality is a spiritual world. He believed in an 'Abstract idea of who God is.' He challenged Patanjali's concept of separate realities. His concept was that Prakritti (nature) wa
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.

12. What does Pratyahara mean?
A higher state of consciousness in which the yogi communes with God in an ordinary walking state - even performing worldly duties. Without difference. The yogi feels there is a slight separation from God. In Nirbikalpa there is no separation from God
Cow Protector
Ashtanga - Raja - Patanjala
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.

13. BHAKTI Yoga
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
Goraksha

14. What is Sabikalpa Samadhi
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.
1. Saucha-sacredness or purity 2. Santosha-contentment 3. Tapas-discipline 4. Swadhyaya-self study or introspection 5. Ishvara Pranidhana-Dedication to God
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
1000-100 BCE. All ABOUT NON-DUALISM

15. What does Tantra mean?
The traditionalists believe the body is a hindrance - or an obstacle which limits and distracts us on our path (sadhana). Whereas the Tantrikas believe the body is an expression of divinity and we should therefore discover all of its sense pleasures
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.
A higher state of consciousness in which the yogi communes with God in an ordinary walking state - even performing worldly duties. Without difference. The yogi feels there is a slight separation from God. In Nirbikalpa there is no separation from God
To weave - loom or extend - very non judgmental - they embraced everyone with an open mind.

16. What is the differences between Tantra and the more traditional view of the Verticalists?
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
Yama - Niyama - Asana - Pranayama - Pratyahara - Dhrana - Dhyana - Samadhi
The traditionalists believe the body is a hindrance - or an obstacle which limits and distracts us on our path (sadhana). Whereas the Tantrikas believe the body is an expression of divinity and we should therefore discover all of its sense pleasures
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)

17. Who is Patanjali
The founder of the Kanphata order and an early preceptor of Hatha yoga.
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path
KNOWLEDGE
Extend the life force

18. Yoga SUTRAS
Universal morality
SUTRA=suture/thread. These are 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga: transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers (SIDDHIS) - the eight limb path (ASHTANGA) and higher stages of yoga - liberation. Written on palm leaves and tied toge
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer

19. Name the 8 Limb Path
Cow Protector
1500-1000 BCE
Sabikalpa - Nirbikalpa - Maha
Yama - Niyama - Asana - Pranayama - Pratyahara - Dhrana - Dhyana - Samadhi

20. What is the Ramayana
To weave - loom or extend - very non judgmental - they embraced everyone with an open mind.
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
Sabikalpa - Nirbikalpa - Maha
The story of Rama and Sita. It is considered the Genesis and the most popular romantic story in all of India. Hanumat - or Hanuman the Monkey Leader - slay the forest demon - Ravana - and rescues his wife Sita.

21. What is the Bhagavad-Gita

22. CLASSICAL Yoga CONCEPTS
100-500 C.E.
From 100 CE-500 CE there was PATANJALI who authored the Yoga SUTRAS. He spoke about the 8 limb path and was the first to systematize the teachings of Yoga. PATANJALI gave Yoga its Classic FORM
Govinda - cow finder.
The Yogin's spiritual path. CLASSICAL YOGIS did not believe in deep exploration of the physical world or their bodies. These things were seen as a gross distraction from theirr spiritual path.

23. Who are the two most outstanding Nathas?
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
Forceful Yoga. The yoga of physical discipline - aiming at the awakening of the serpent power (kundalini shakti).
Buddhism - Right Path - Left Path and Kaula.
Matsyendra and Goraksha

24. Who is Ramanuja?

25. What are the yoga sutras
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie
Sutra means suture or thread. The Sutras consist of 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga; transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers or (Siddhis) - the eight limb path (Ashtanga) - and higher stages of yoga - liberation. They were
It means Non-dualism or 'not two.'
Seat

26. What is the differences between Tantra and the more traditional view of the Verticalists?
The traditionalists believe the body is a hindrance - or an obstacle which limits and distracts us on our path (sadhana). Whereas the Tantrikas believe the body is an expression of divinity and we should therefore discover all of its sense pleasures
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.
Concentration
Pat; fallen or transfer. Anjali; greeting.

27. What is Advaita-Vedanta
AKA 'GOVINDA' or cow-finder. Always seen playing the flute The 8th incarnation of VISHNU. Krishna is one of the most powerful deities in the HINDU CULTURE. He's written about int the BHAGAVAD-GITA and the BHAGAVATA-PURANA
Enlightenment - ecstasy - absorption
Non-dualism. Based on the Upanishads. Two main branches Radical - taught by Shankara - and Qualified - taught by Ramanuja.
Pingala - Eda and Sushumna

28. What is the story of Matysendra?
Pat; fallen or transfer. Anjali; greeting.
Patanjali favored a dualistic philosophy that separates Consciousness and Matter - or Spirit: Purusha and nature: Prakriti. They believed in two separate realities. While still in the physical body the yogin can only glimpse upon the Divine and in hi
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t

29. What is Yogash Citta Vritti Nirodhah?
AKA 'GOVINDA' or cow-finder. Always seen playing the flute The 8th incarnation of VISHNU. Krishna is one of the most powerful deities in the HINDU CULTURE. He's written about int the BHAGAVAD-GITA and the BHAGAVATA-PURANA
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.
Arguably the most famous Sutra which means - Yoga is the cessation of the fluctuations of the mind.

30. In what period did Patanjali live
Ashtanga - Raja - Patanjala
Mahavatar Babaji - Lahiri Mahasaya - Swami Sri Yukteswar - Paramahansa Yogananda - Bishnu Ghosh
Classical Yoga around 300-400 BCE
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.

31. Parvati's son
Radha
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.

32. What is Ishta Devata?

33. What does Samadhi mean?
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.
Hymns sung and passed down from Brahman to Brahman. The RIG VEDA first mentions Yoga
From 100 CE-500 CE there was PATANJALI who authored the Yoga SUTRAS. He spoke about the 8 limb path and was the first to systematize the teachings of Yoga. PATANJALI gave Yoga its Classic FORM
Enlightenment - ecstasy - absorption

34. What was unique about the Kaula branch of Tantra yoga
It was a combination of the Right and Left path. It had a strong presence of the Shakti element both in manifesting the feminine Shakti - and the presence of women in the role of consorts and initiators.
Matsya (fish) Kurma (tortoise) Varaha (boar) Nara-Simba (lion) Vamana or Bamana - dwarf or short man. First human incarnation. Parusha-Rama (Rama with an Axe) Rama (dark or pleasing one). Main character in Rama and Sita. Krishna (also known as Govind
Concentration
Govinda - cow finder.

35. Who is Shankara?

36. What are the FOUR VEDAS?
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
Seat
This is the story of wars between two arms of a family - the Pandavas and the Kauravas.
DARK OR PLEASING ONE. The 7th incarnation of VISHNU. He is the main character in the RAMAYANA ('the advancement of RAMA') SITA IS his CONSORT. He was rescued by the forest demon - RAVANA

37. RAMA

38. What does Dhyana mean?
'living liberated' The adept who is liberated or enlightened while still embodied. This is a non-dualistic ideal - that when 'self realization occurs - liberation will come'. The Bhagavad-Gita describes Jivan-Mukta
Meditation
ASHTANGA Yoga - PATANJALI Yoga - RAJA Yoga
This is the story of wars between two arms of a family - the Pandavas and the Kauravas.

39. The Vedic Age
1. Ahimsa-non violence 2. Satya-truth 3. Asteya-non stealing 4. Brahmacharya - abstinence 5. Aparigraha - non hoarding
To weave - loom or extend - very non judgmental - they embraced everyone with an open mind.
Patanjali
4500-2500 BCE

40. Advaita Vedanta
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.
ASHTANGA Yoga - PATANJALI Yoga - RAJA Yoga
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
Ashtanga - Raja - Patanjala

41. Why did the Classical Yogis not believe in a deep exploration of the physical world and their body?
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli
It means Lord pertaining to the Yoga adepts. It was from the Natha sect that Hatha Yoga developed.
KNOWLEDGE

42. JIVAN MUKTA

43. What does Pratyahara mean?
Krishna advises Arjuna to battle his 'enemy' which is really Arjuna's family. This 'enemy' represents the hold the world and worldly things have on humans.
It was a combination of the Right and Left path. It had a strong presence of the Shakti element both in manifesting the feminine Shakti - and the presence of women in the role of consorts and initiators.
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.

44. What major work is the Pre-Classical ERA of Yoga known for?
The Mahabharata (GREAT STORY). The Bhagavad Gita is incorporated within the Mahabharata as one of the episodes.
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
Non-dualism. Based on the Upanishads. Two main branches Radical - taught by Shankara - and Qualified - taught by Ramanuja.

45. Name the three Samadhi's
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
Sabikalpa - Nirbikalpa - Maha
1. Ahimsa-non violence 2. Satya-truth 3. Asteya-non stealing 4. Brahmacharya - abstinence 5. Aparigraha - non hoarding
'living liberated' The adept who is liberated or enlightened while still embodied. This is a non-dualistic ideal - that when 'self realization occurs - liberation will come'. The Bhagavad-Gita describes Jivan-Mukta

46. What does Hatha Yoga mean?
Forceful yoga.
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.
SUTRA=suture/thread. These are 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga: transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers (SIDDHIS) - the eight limb path (ASHTANGA) and higher stages of yoga - liberation. Written on palm leaves and tied toge
'The LORD'S SONG'. The most famous of all Indic scripture - where Krishna teaches his main disciple - Arjuna of life through the teachings of KARMIC Yoga (RIGHT ACTION) - BHAKTI Yoga (DEVOTION) - and Jnana Yoga (WISDOM)

47. What is Ishta Devata?

48. PAT (FROM PATANJALI)
1000-100 BCE. All ABOUT NON-DUALISM
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY
He believed in a non-dualistic approach (Advaita-Vedanta) that the only reality is a spiritual world. He believed in an 'Abstract idea of who God is.' He challenged Patanjali's concept of separate realities. His concept was that Prakritti (nature) wa

49. Vishnu's ten incarnations
Matsya (fish) Kurma (tortoise) Varaha (boar) Nara-Simba (lion) Vamana or Bamana - dwarf or short man. First human incarnation. Parusha-Rama (Rama with an Axe) Rama (dark or pleasing one). Main character in Rama and Sita. Krishna (also known as Govind
Sabikalpa - Nirbikalpa - Maha
DARK OR PLEASING ONE. The 7th incarnation of VISHNU. He is the main character in the RAMAYANA ('the advancement of RAMA') SITA IS his CONSORT. He was rescued by the forest demon - RAVANA
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M

50. What does Pranyama mean?
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.
Extend the life force
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.