Yoga History

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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does Vashista mean?
Rig - Atharva - Yahjur - Sama
Qualified non-dualist
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM
Krishna advises Arjuna to battle his 'enemy' which is really Arjuna's family. This 'enemy' represents the hold the world and worldly things have on humans.


2. What does Dhrana mean?
Extend the life force
Forceful yoga.
Buddhism - Right Path - Left Path and Kaula.
Concentration


3. Vishnu's ten incarnations
He believed in a non-dualistic approach (Advaita-Vedanta) that the only reality is a spiritual world. He believed in an 'Abstract idea of who God is.' He challenged Patanjali's concept of separate realities. His concept was that Prakritti (nature) wa
Rig - Atharva - Yahjur - Sama
Matsya (fish) Kurma (tortoise) Varaha (boar) Nara-Simba (lion) Vamana or Bamana - dwarf or short man. First human incarnation. Parusha-Rama (Rama with an Axe) Rama (dark or pleasing one). Main character in Rama and Sita. Krishna (also known as Govind
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.


4. What does Samadhi mean?
Personal observances or restraints
Enlightenment - ecstasy - absorption
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.
Lakshmi - The Goddess of good fortune - wealth - she attracts the minds of the yogi's by her beauty.


5. What are the Kanphatas?
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.
DUALISM. (DVAITA=DUALISM - VEDANTA=after the VEDAS) - 'DUALISM THAT OCCURRED AFTER The VEDAS' THIS was the philosophy espoused by Patanjali. Separate CONSCiousness and Matter or PURUSHA (SPIRIT) seen as separate from PRAKRITI (NATURE). FROM this view
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
1. Ahimsa-non violence 2. Satya-truth 3. Asteya-non stealing 4. Brahmacharya - abstinence 5. Aparigraha - non hoarding


6. What is Nirbikalpa Samadhi
Founder of the school of qualified non-dualism. (Vashista Advaita). He challenged Patanjali's believe that God was abstract. This means that he believed the spiritual world had qualities - such as a deity or the trimuti. (Bhakti yogi - Devotion to Go
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.
A higher state of consciousness in which the yogi communes with God in an ordinary walking state - even performing worldly duties. Without difference. The yogi feels there is a slight separation from God. In Nirbikalpa there is no separation from God
Nature


7. What do the Niyamas represent
Personal observances or restraints
Govinda - cow finder.
Forceful yoga.
SUTRA=suture/thread. These are 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga: transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers (SIDDHIS) - the eight limb path (ASHTANGA) and higher stages of yoga - liberation. Written on palm leaves and tied toge


8. What was Patanjali the author of?
4500-2500 BCE
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.
The Yoga Sutras - The 8 Limb Path
The Path of Wisdom - 'embodying the scriptures. investing in study


9. Name the Yama's and their meanings
Sutra means suture or thread. The Sutras consist of 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga; transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers or (Siddhis) - the eight limb path (Ashtanga) - and higher stages of yoga - liberation. They were
1. Ahimsa-non violence 2. Satya-truth 3. Asteya-non stealing 4. Brahmacharya - abstinence 5. Aparigraha - non hoarding
Yama - Niyama - Asana - Pranayama - Pratyahara - Dhrana - Dhyana - Samadhi
Pat; fallen or transfer. Anjali; greeting.


10. PARUSHA and PAKRITI
SPIRIT and NATURE/CONSCIOUSNESS and MATTER
100-500 C.E.
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.
ASHTANGA Yoga - PATANJALI Yoga - RAJA Yoga


11. What does Dhyana mean?
Meditation
To weave - loom or extend - very non judgmental - they embraced everyone with an open mind.
Knowledge. The oldest portion and the most sacred scriptures of Hinduism. A collection of hymns said to be intuited by the ancient seers of sages. These hymns or songs - were secrets of the universe - why are we here? Oldest composition in the world.
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.


12. What is Hatha Yoga?
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.
Spoken of in Pre-Classical times (1000 BCE-100 BCE) in Krishna's lesson to Arjuna in the BHAGAVAD GITA. The path of RIGHT ACTION. Through our TAPAS (disciplines - austerities) - you start to burn your - Karma. HATHA Yoga is KARMA Yoga
Founder of the school of qualified non-dualism. (Vashista Advaita). He challenged Patanjali's believe that God was abstract. This means that he believed the spiritual world had qualities - such as a deity or the trimuti. (Bhakti yogi - Devotion to Go
Forceful Yoga. The yoga of physical discipline - aiming at the awakening of the serpent power (kundalini shakti).


13. What is the Bhagavad-Gita

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14. Pre-Classical ERA (when - approximately)?
Pingala - Eda and Sushumna
1000-100 BCE. All ABOUT NON-DUALISM
Knowledge. The oldest portion and the most sacred scriptures of Hinduism. A collection of hymns said to be intuited by the ancient seers of sages. These hymns or songs - were secrets of the universe - why are we here? Oldest composition in the world.
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.


15. What were the UPANISHADS?

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16. SIDHANA

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17. What does Asana mean
Seat
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
The Mahabharata (GREAT STORY). The Bhagavad Gita is incorporated within the Mahabharata as one of the episodes.
Buddhism - Right Path - Left Path and Kaula.


18. Shiva-Shakti
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
4500-2500 BCE
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.


19. What is the 'breakdown -' or meaning of Patanjali's name
From 100 CE-500 CE there was PATANJALI who authored the Yoga SUTRAS. He spoke about the 8 limb path and was the first to systematize the teachings of Yoga. PATANJALI gave Yoga its Classic FORM
The Yogin's spiritual path. CLASSICAL YOGIS did not believe in deep exploration of the physical world or their bodies. These things were seen as a gross distraction from theirr spiritual path.
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
Pat; fallen or transfer. Anjali; greeting.


20. What is the Ramayana
The story of Rama and Sita. It is considered the Genesis and the most popular romantic story in all of India. Hanumat - or Hanuman the Monkey Leader - slay the forest demon - Ravana - and rescues his wife Sita.
Spirit
The founder of the Kanphata order and an early preceptor of Hatha yoga.
Forceful yoga.


21. Who is Ramanuja?

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22. What is Advaita?

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23. What are the four paths of Tantra yoga?
He believed in a non-dualistic approach (Advaita-Vedanta) that the only reality is a spiritual world. He believed in an 'Abstract idea of who God is.' He challenged Patanjali's concept of separate realities. His concept was that Prakritti (nature) wa
A 'chosen deity.' This meant that you believed you could meditate on a deity such as Shiva - Krishna - Ganesh or Lakshmi and then actually merge with and become that deity.
Buddhism - Right Path - Left Path and Kaula.
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.


24. What major work is the Pre-Classical ERA of Yoga known for?
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
The Mahabharata (GREAT STORY). The Bhagavad Gita is incorporated within the Mahabharata as one of the episodes.
The story of Rama and Sita. It is considered the Genesis and the most popular romantic story in all of India. Hanumat - or Hanuman the Monkey Leader - slay the forest demon - Ravana - and rescues his wife Sita.


25. Who was the first Hatha yoga teacher?
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY
Dualism or 'two.'
Goraksha
Pingala - Eda and Sushumna


26. JIVAN MUKTA

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27. The Indic Trimurti
Arguably the most famous Sutra which means - Yoga is the cessation of the fluctuations of the mind.
100-500 C.E.
A higher state of consciousness in which the yogi communes with God in an ordinary walking state - even performing worldly duties. Without difference. The yogi feels there is a slight separation from God. In Nirbikalpa there is no separation from God
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer


28. What role did Goraksha play in our lineage
The story of Rama and Sita. It is considered the Genesis and the most popular romantic story in all of India. Hanumat - or Hanuman the Monkey Leader - slay the forest demon - Ravana - and rescues his wife Sita.
The founder of the Kanphata order and an early preceptor of Hatha yoga.
Non-dualism. Based on the Upanishads. Two main branches Radical - taught by Shankara - and Qualified - taught by Ramanuja.
Matsyendra and Goraksha


29. Before Goraksha - what was practicing asana was primarily done for?
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.
Radha
'living liberated' The adept who is liberated or enlightened while still embodied. This is a non-dualistic ideal - that when 'self realization occurs - liberation will come'. The Bhagavad-Gita describes Jivan-Mukta


30. What is arguably the most famous Sutra and its meaning
Non-dualism. Based on the Upanishads. Two main branches Radical - taught by Shankara - and Qualified - taught by Ramanuja.
Yogash Citta Vritti Nirodhah.
Pat; fallen or transfer. Anjali; greeting.
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.


31. Why was Goraksha given his name?
KNOWLEDGE
It means the Lord's Song. The book of Psalms. The popular Yoga scripture containing the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna.
Sita
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra


32. JNANA Yoga

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33. What is the 'breakdown -' or meaning of Patanjali's name
Cow Protector
It means Lord pertaining to the Yoga adepts. It was from the Natha sect that Hatha Yoga developed.
Pat; fallen or transfer. Anjali; greeting.
1500-1000 BCE


34. What major work is the Pre-Classical ERA of Yoga known for?
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
Forceful yoga.
The Mahabharata (GREAT STORY). The Bhagavad Gita is incorporated within the Mahabharata as one of the episodes.
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)


35. In what period did Patanjali live
Classical Yoga around 300-400 BCE
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra
The Yoga Sutras - The 8 Limb Path


36. Who is Matysendra
DUALISM. (DVAITA=DUALISM - VEDANTA=after the VEDAS) - 'DUALISM THAT OCCURRED AFTER The VEDAS' THIS was the philosophy espoused by Patanjali. Separate CONSCiousness and Matter or PURUSHA (SPIRIT) seen as separate from PRAKRITI (NATURE). FROM this view
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.
Founder of the school of qualified non-dualism. (Vashista Advaita). He challenged Patanjali's believe that God was abstract. This means that he believed the spiritual world had qualities - such as a deity or the trimuti. (Bhakti yogi - Devotion to Go
Yama - Niyama - Asana - Pranayama - Pratyahara - Dhrana - Dhyana - Samadhi


37. Name the Niyama's and their meanings
SPIRIT and NATURE/CONSCIOUSNESS and MATTER
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.
1. Saucha-sacredness or purity 2. Santosha-contentment 3. Tapas-discipline 4. Swadhyaya-self study or introspection 5. Ishvara Pranidhana-Dedication to God


38. The UPANISHADIC AGE
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli
Sabikalpa - Nirbikalpa - Maha
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.
1500-1000 BCE


39. Why did the Classical Yogis not believe in a deep exploration of the physical world and their body?
A higher state of consciousness in which the yogi communes with God in an ordinary walking state - even performing worldly duties. Without difference. The yogi feels there is a slight separation from God. In Nirbikalpa there is no separation from God
Patanjali
This is the story of wars between two arms of a family - the Pandavas and the Kauravas.
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli


40. What does Samadhi mean?
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
Radha
Enlightenment - ecstasy - absorption
Yoga IS The RESTRICTION OF The WHIRLS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (CITTA)


41. CLASSICAL Yoga CONCEPTS
Patanjali favored a dualistic philosophy that separates Consciousness and Matter - or Spirit: Purusha and nature: Prakriti. They believed in two separate realities. While still in the physical body the yogin can only glimpse upon the Divine and in hi
From 100 CE-500 CE there was PATANJALI who authored the Yoga SUTRAS. He spoke about the 8 limb path and was the first to systematize the teachings of Yoga. PATANJALI gave Yoga its Classic FORM
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
1. Ahimsa-non violence 2. Satya-truth 3. Asteya-non stealing 4. Brahmacharya - abstinence 5. Aparigraha - non hoarding


42. What is a Dvaita

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43. Name the Yama's and their meanings
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.
1. Ahimsa-non violence 2. Satya-truth 3. Asteya-non stealing 4. Brahmacharya - abstinence 5. Aparigraha - non hoarding
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.
From 100 CE-500 CE there was PATANJALI who authored the Yoga SUTRAS. He spoke about the 8 limb path and was the first to systematize the teachings of Yoga. PATANJALI gave Yoga its Classic FORM


44. What is another name for Goraksha
Cow Protector
It means Lord pertaining to the Yoga adepts. It was from the Natha sect that Hatha Yoga developed.
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.
Krishna advises Arjuna to battle his 'enemy' which is really Arjuna's family. This 'enemy' represents the hold the world and worldly things have on humans.


45. The Vedic Age
4500-2500 BCE
This is the story of wars between two arms of a family - the Pandavas and the Kauravas.
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM


46. What is Nirbikalpa Samadhi
Lakshmi - The Goddess of good fortune - wealth - she attracts the minds of the yogi's by her beauty.
Sabikalpa - Nirbikalpa - Maha
A higher state of consciousness in which the yogi communes with God in an ordinary walking state - even performing worldly duties. Without difference. The yogi feels there is a slight separation from God. In Nirbikalpa there is no separation from God
The story of Rama and Sita. It is considered the Genesis and the most popular romantic story in all of India. Hanumat - or Hanuman the Monkey Leader - slay the forest demon - Ravana - and rescues his wife Sita.


47. BHAKTI Yoga
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
The Yogin's spiritual path. CLASSICAL YOGIS did not believe in deep exploration of the physical world or their bodies. These things were seen as a gross distraction from theirr spiritual path.


48. What is Krishna also known as
AKA 'GOVINDA' or cow-finder. Always seen playing the flute The 8th incarnation of VISHNU. Krishna is one of the most powerful deities in the HINDU CULTURE. He's written about int the BHAGAVAD-GITA and the BHAGAVATA-PURANA
Sutra means suture or thread. The Sutras consist of 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga; transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers or (Siddhis) - the eight limb path (Ashtanga) - and higher stages of yoga - liberation. They were
Govinda - cow finder.
Sita


49. What were the VEDAS?
Govinda - cow finder.
Hymns sung and passed down from Brahman to Brahman. The RIG VEDA first mentions Yoga
Mahavatar Babaji - Lahiri Mahasaya - Swami Sri Yukteswar - Paramahansa Yogananda - Bishnu Ghosh
Concentration


50. Who is Ramanuja?

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