Yoga History

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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Who is Patanjali
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.
Qualified non-dualist
Qualified non-dualist


2. Who was the first Hatha yoga teacher?
Spoken of in Pre-Classical times (1000 BCE-100 BCE) in Krishna's lesson to Arjuna in the BHAGAVAD GITA. The path of RIGHT ACTION. Through our TAPAS (disciplines - austerities) - you start to burn your - Karma. HATHA Yoga is KARMA Yoga
It was a combination of the Right and Left path. It had a strong presence of the Shakti element both in manifesting the feminine Shakti - and the presence of women in the role of consorts and initiators.
Qualified non-dualist
Goraksha


3. What is Nirbikalpa Samadhi
Concentration
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.
A higher state of consciousness in which the yogi communes with God in an ordinary walking state - even performing worldly duties. Without difference. The yogi feels there is a slight separation from God. In Nirbikalpa there is no separation from God
It means Non-dualism or 'not two.'


4. Who was the first to systemize the teachings of Yoga and give yoga its Classical Form
Patanjali
DUALISM. (DVAITA=DUALISM - VEDANTA=after the VEDAS) - 'DUALISM THAT OCCURRED AFTER The VEDAS' THIS was the philosophy espoused by Patanjali. Separate CONSCiousness and Matter or PURUSHA (SPIRIT) seen as separate from PRAKRITI (NATURE). FROM this view
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.
SUTRA=suture/thread. These are 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga: transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers (SIDDHIS) - the eight limb path (ASHTANGA) and higher stages of yoga - liberation. Written on palm leaves and tied toge


5. What is Krishna also known as
1. Ahimsa-non violence 2. Satya-truth 3. Asteya-non stealing 4. Brahmacharya - abstinence 5. Aparigraha - non hoarding
Radha
Govinda - cow finder.
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie


6. Shiva's Counterpart
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.
The story of Rama and Sita. It is considered the Genesis and the most popular romantic story in all of India. Hanumat - or Hanuman the Monkey Leader - slay the forest demon - Ravana - and rescues his wife Sita.
The Yoga Sutras - The 8 Limb Path


7. What is the Ramayana
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.
Mahavatar Babaji - Lahiri Mahasaya - Swami Sri Yukteswar - Paramahansa Yogananda - Bishnu Ghosh
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
The story of Rama and Sita. It is considered the Genesis and the most popular romantic story in all of India. Hanumat - or Hanuman the Monkey Leader - slay the forest demon - Ravana - and rescues his wife Sita.


8. What major work is the Pre-Classical ERA of Yoga known for?
Non-dualism. Based on the Upanishads. Two main branches Radical - taught by Shankara - and Qualified - taught by Ramanuja.
The Mahabharata (GREAT STORY). The Bhagavad Gita is incorporated within the Mahabharata as one of the episodes.
Radha
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse


9. WHY did Patanjali choose 8 limbs?
Seat
Mahavatar Babaji - Lahiri Mahasaya - Swami Sri Yukteswar - Paramahansa Yogananda - Bishnu Ghosh
The Yoga Sutras - The 8 Limb Path
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM


10. PARUSHA and PAKRITI
Cow Protector
SPIRIT and NATURE/CONSCIOUSNESS and MATTER
Yoga IS The RESTRICTION OF The WHIRLS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (CITTA)
Yogash Citta Vritti Nirodhah.


11. WHY did Patanjali choose 8 limbs?
Meditation
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
Rig - Atharva - Yahjur - Sama
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM


12. What does Pranyama mean?
Hymns sung and passed down from Brahman to Brahman. The RIG VEDA first mentions Yoga
Sutra means suture or thread. The Sutras consist of 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga; transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers or (Siddhis) - the eight limb path (Ashtanga) - and higher stages of yoga - liberation. They were
Extend the life force
Concentration


13. Name the 8 Limb Path
Yama - Niyama - Asana - Pranayama - Pratyahara - Dhrana - Dhyana - Samadhi
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path
Founder of the school of qualified non-dualism. (Vashista Advaita). He challenged Patanjali's believe that God was abstract. This means that he believed the spiritual world had qualities - such as a deity or the trimuti. (Bhakti yogi - Devotion to Go
Non-dual - end of the Vedas


14. What are the four paths of Tantra yoga?
Lakshmi - The Goddess of good fortune - wealth - she attracts the minds of the yogi's by her beauty.
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.
Buddhism - Right Path - Left Path and Kaula.
It means the Lord's Song. The book of Psalms. The popular Yoga scripture containing the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna.


15. Name the three Samadhi's
Sabikalpa - Nirbikalpa - Maha
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.
Pat; fallen or transfer. Anjali; greeting.
The traditionalists believe the body is a hindrance - or an obstacle which limits and distracts us on our path (sadhana). Whereas the Tantrikas believe the body is an expression of divinity and we should therefore discover all of its sense pleasures


16. Why was Goraksha given his name?
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.
This is the story of wars between two arms of a family - the Pandavas and the Kauravas.
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra


17. WHAT ARE SOME OTheR NAMES FOR CLASSICAL Yoga?
A higher state of consciousness in which the yogi communes with God in an ordinary walking state - even performing worldly duties. Without difference. The yogi feels there is a slight separation from God. In Nirbikalpa there is no separation from God
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
ASHTANGA Yoga - PATANJALI Yoga - RAJA Yoga
Means 'to sit near'. There were traditionally 108 Upanishads. Epiphanies of the VEDAS They were interpretations of the VEDAS


18. BHAKTI Yoga
It means Non-dualism or 'not two.'
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path
The founder of the Kanphata order and an early preceptor of Hatha yoga.


19. Vishnu's Counterpart

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20. What is Sabikalpa Samadhi
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.
From 100 CE-500 CE there was PATANJALI who authored the Yoga SUTRAS. He spoke about the 8 limb path and was the first to systematize the teachings of Yoga. PATANJALI gave Yoga its Classic FORM
Non-dual - end of the Vedas


21. What do the Niyamas represent
1000-100 BCE. All ABOUT NON-DUALISM
ASHTANGA Yoga - PATANJALI Yoga - RAJA Yoga
Personal observances or restraints
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie


22. Yoga SUTRAS
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
SUTRA=suture/thread. These are 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga: transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers (SIDDHIS) - the eight limb path (ASHTANGA) and higher stages of yoga - liberation. Written on palm leaves and tied toge
Yama - Niyama - Asana - Pranayama - Pratyahara - Dhrana - Dhyana - Samadhi
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.


23. What is the Bhagavad-Gita

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24. What does Tantra mean?
The founder of the Kanphata order and an early preceptor of Hatha yoga.
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.
To weave - loom or extend - very non judgmental - they embraced everyone with an open mind.


25. What are the FOUR VEDAS?
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
It means the Lord's Song. The book of Psalms. The popular Yoga scripture containing the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna.
Lakshmi - The Goddess of good fortune - wealth - she attracts the minds of the yogi's by her beauty.
Arguably the most famous Sutra which means - Yoga is the cessation of the fluctuations of the mind.


26. Vishnu's ten incarnations
Matsya (fish) Kurma (tortoise) Varaha (boar) Nara-Simba (lion) Vamana or Bamana - dwarf or short man. First human incarnation. Parusha-Rama (Rama with an Axe) Rama (dark or pleasing one). Main character in Rama and Sita. Krishna (also known as Govind
Concentration
Pingala - Eda and Sushumna
Dualism or 'two.'


27. What is another name for Goraksha
It means Lord pertaining to the Yoga adepts. It was from the Natha sect that Hatha Yoga developed.
Yoga IS The RESTRICTION OF The WHIRLS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (CITTA)
Cow Protector
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)


28. What were the UPANISHADS?

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29. Before Goraksha - what was practicing asana was primarily done for?
Mahavatar Babaji - Lahiri Mahasaya - Swami Sri Yukteswar - Paramahansa Yogananda - Bishnu Ghosh
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
Matsyendra and Goraksha
Sabikalpa - Nirbikalpa - Maha


30. The Indic Trimurti
1500-1000 BCE
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
1000-100 BCE. All ABOUT NON-DUALISM
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M


31. Shiva-Shakti
The Mahabharata (GREAT STORY). The Bhagavad Gita is incorporated within the Mahabharata as one of the episodes.
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.
The Path of Wisdom - 'embodying the scriptures. investing in study
Buddhism - Right Path - Left Path and Kaula.


32. JNANA Yoga

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33. What is Patanjali's approach to Dvaita (Dualism).
Ashtanga - Raja - Patanjala
Patanjali favored a dualistic philosophy that separates Consciousness and Matter - or Spirit: Purusha and nature: Prakriti. They believed in two separate realities. While still in the physical body the yogin can only glimpse upon the Divine and in hi
'living liberated' The adept who is liberated or enlightened while still embodied. This is a non-dualistic ideal - that when 'self realization occurs - liberation will come'. The Bhagavad-Gita describes Jivan-Mukta
Krishna advises Arjuna to battle his 'enemy' which is really Arjuna's family. This 'enemy' represents the hold the world and worldly things have on humans.


34. What was Patanjali the author of?
It means Lord pertaining to the Yoga adepts. It was from the Natha sect that Hatha Yoga developed.
He believed in a non-dualistic approach (Advaita-Vedanta) that the only reality is a spiritual world. He believed in an 'Abstract idea of who God is.' He challenged Patanjali's concept of separate realities. His concept was that Prakritti (nature) wa
He believed in a non-dualistic approach (Advaita-Vedanta) that the only reality is a spiritual world. He believed in an 'Abstract idea of who God is.' He challenged Patanjali's concept of separate realities. His concept was that Prakritti (nature) wa
The Yoga Sutras - The 8 Limb Path


35. Yogash citta vritti nirodhah
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path
Yoga IS The RESTRICTION OF The WHIRLS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (CITTA)


36. What do the Yamas Represent
Cow Protector
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra
Universal morality
Means 'to sit near'. There were traditionally 108 Upanishads. Epiphanies of the VEDAS They were interpretations of the VEDAS


37. Who is Matysendra
Means 'to sit near'. There were traditionally 108 Upanishads. Epiphanies of the VEDAS They were interpretations of the VEDAS
The Yoga Sutras - The 8 Limb Path
AKA 'GOVINDA' or cow-finder. Always seen playing the flute The 8th incarnation of VISHNU. Krishna is one of the most powerful deities in the HINDU CULTURE. He's written about int the BHAGAVAD-GITA and the BHAGAVATA-PURANA
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.


38. SIDHANA

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39. Name the Yama's and their meanings
Hymns sung and passed down from Brahman to Brahman. The RIG VEDA first mentions Yoga
1. Ahimsa-non violence 2. Satya-truth 3. Asteya-non stealing 4. Brahmacharya - abstinence 5. Aparigraha - non hoarding
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.
The story of Rama and Sita. It is considered the Genesis and the most popular romantic story in all of India. Hanumat - or Hanuman the Monkey Leader - slay the forest demon - Ravana - and rescues his wife Sita.


40. The story of KRISHNA as GOVINDA
'The LORD'S SONG'. The most famous of all Indic scripture - where Krishna teaches his main disciple - Arjuna of life through the teachings of KARMIC Yoga (RIGHT ACTION) - BHAKTI Yoga (DEVOTION) - and Jnana Yoga (WISDOM)
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli
Mahavatar Babaji - Lahiri Mahasaya - Swami Sri Yukteswar - Paramahansa Yogananda - Bishnu Ghosh
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.


41. What major work is the Pre-Classical ERA of Yoga known for?
The Mahabharata (GREAT STORY). The Bhagavad Gita is incorporated within the Mahabharata as one of the episodes.
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.
The Path of Wisdom - 'embodying the scriptures. investing in study
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer


42. Name 5 of the 10 incarnations of VISHNU
Govinda - cow finder.
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)


43. Who is Matysendra
From 100 CE-500 CE there was PATANJALI who authored the Yoga SUTRAS. He spoke about the 8 limb path and was the first to systematize the teachings of Yoga. PATANJALI gave Yoga its Classic FORM
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
Patanjali favored a dualistic philosophy that separates Consciousness and Matter - or Spirit: Purusha and nature: Prakriti. They believed in two separate realities. While still in the physical body the yogin can only glimpse upon the Divine and in hi


44. What does Vashista mean?
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM
The founder of the Kanphata order and an early preceptor of Hatha yoga.
Qualified non-dualist
Nature


45. What is another name for Goraksha
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM
Cow Protector


46. Rama's Consort
Forceful yoga.
Sita
Rig - Atharva - Yahjur - Sama
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie


47. What is the main idea of the Bhagavad Gita?

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48. What are the four vedas
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.
Rig - Atharva - Yahjur - Sama
Krishna advises Arjuna to battle his 'enemy' which is really Arjuna's family. This 'enemy' represents the hold the world and worldly things have on humans.
To weave - loom or extend - very non judgmental - they embraced everyone with an open mind.


49. The Vedic Age
4500-2500 BCE
To weave - loom or extend - very non judgmental - they embraced everyone with an open mind.
Spoken of in Pre-Classical times (1000 BCE-100 BCE) in Krishna's lesson to Arjuna in the BHAGAVAD GITA. The path of RIGHT ACTION. Through our TAPAS (disciplines - austerities) - you start to burn your - Karma. HATHA Yoga is KARMA Yoga
Spirit


50. The BHAGAVAD-GITA

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