Yoga History

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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Name the Niyama's and their meanings
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path
Sita
1. Saucha-sacredness or purity 2. Santosha-contentment 3. Tapas-discipline 4. Swadhyaya-self study or introspection 5. Ishvara Pranidhana-Dedication to God
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)


2. What is the differences between Tantra and the more traditional view of the Verticalists?
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY
It was a combination of the Right and Left path. It had a strong presence of the Shakti element both in manifesting the feminine Shakti - and the presence of women in the role of consorts and initiators.
'The LORD'S SONG'. The most famous of all Indic scripture - where Krishna teaches his main disciple - Arjuna of life through the teachings of KARMIC Yoga (RIGHT ACTION) - BHAKTI Yoga (DEVOTION) - and Jnana Yoga (WISDOM)
The traditionalists believe the body is a hindrance - or an obstacle which limits and distracts us on our path (sadhana). Whereas the Tantrikas believe the body is an expression of divinity and we should therefore discover all of its sense pleasures


3. How does the Hatha or Tantric yogi purify their body?
Knowledge. The oldest portion and the most sacred scriptures of Hinduism. A collection of hymns said to be intuited by the ancient seers of sages. These hymns or songs - were secrets of the universe - why are we here? Oldest composition in the world.
100-500 C.E.
Nature
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t


4. What does Dhyana mean?
Radha
Meditation
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli
'sit near.' They interpreted the Vedas. Hindu scripture that expounds the metaphysics of nondualism (Advaita Vedanta) and is considered the last phase in the Vedic revelation.


5. What is the 'breakdown -' or meaning of Patanjali's name
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path
Pat; fallen or transfer. Anjali; greeting.
'The LORD'S SONG'. The most famous of all Indic scripture - where Krishna teaches his main disciple - Arjuna of life through the teachings of KARMIC Yoga (RIGHT ACTION) - BHAKTI Yoga (DEVOTION) - and Jnana Yoga (WISDOM)
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA


6. What is the Bhagavad-Gita

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7. Brahma's Counterpart
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.
Sabikalpa - Nirbikalpa - Maha
'living liberated' The adept who is liberated or enlightened while still embodied. This is a non-dualistic ideal - that when 'self realization occurs - liberation will come'. The Bhagavad-Gita describes Jivan-Mukta
From 100 CE-500 CE there was PATANJALI who authored the Yoga SUTRAS. He spoke about the 8 limb path and was the first to systematize the teachings of Yoga. PATANJALI gave Yoga its Classic FORM


8. What is the story of Matysendra?
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M
Forceful yoga.
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t


9. What is another name for Goraksha
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY
SPIRIT and NATURE/CONSCIOUSNESS and MATTER
Cow Protector
DARK OR PLEASING ONE. The 7th incarnation of VISHNU. He is the main character in the RAMAYANA ('the advancement of RAMA') SITA IS his CONSORT. He was rescued by the forest demon - RAVANA


10. Advaita Vedanta
SPIRIT and NATURE/CONSCIOUSNESS and MATTER
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
It was a combination of the Right and Left path. It had a strong presence of the Shakti element both in manifesting the feminine Shakti - and the presence of women in the role of consorts and initiators.
Non-dual - end of the Vedas


11. What does Dhrana mean?
God - the absolute - the expansion - quantum source.
Knowledge. The oldest portion and the most sacred scriptures of Hinduism. A collection of hymns said to be intuited by the ancient seers of sages. These hymns or songs - were secrets of the universe - why are we here? Oldest composition in the world.
SUTRA=suture/thread. These are 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga: transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers (SIDDHIS) - the eight limb path (ASHTANGA) and higher stages of yoga - liberation. Written on palm leaves and tied toge
Concentration


12. DVAITA VEDANTA

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13. The Brahman
Cow Protector
God - the absolute - the expansion - quantum source.
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.
Personal observances or restraints


14. Krishna's consort
Seat
1. Saucha-sacredness or purity 2. Santosha-contentment 3. Tapas-discipline 4. Swadhyaya-self study or introspection 5. Ishvara Pranidhana-Dedication to God
Radha
Lakshmi - The Goddess of good fortune - wealth - she attracts the minds of the yogi's by her beauty.


15. PARUSHA and PAKRITI
SPIRIT and NATURE/CONSCIOUSNESS and MATTER
1. Saucha-sacredness or purity 2. Santosha-contentment 3. Tapas-discipline 4. Swadhyaya-self study or introspection 5. Ishvara Pranidhana-Dedication to God
From 100 CE-500 CE there was PATANJALI who authored the Yoga SUTRAS. He spoke about the 8 limb path and was the first to systematize the teachings of Yoga. PATANJALI gave Yoga its Classic FORM
It means Non-dualism or 'not two.'


16. The Indic Trimurti
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
Rig - Atharva - Yahjur - Sama
Govinda - cow finder.
Buddhism - Right Path - Left Path and Kaula.


17. What is Ishta Devata?

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18. What was unique about the Kaula branch of Tantra yoga
It was a combination of the Right and Left path. It had a strong presence of the Shakti element both in manifesting the feminine Shakti - and the presence of women in the role of consorts and initiators.
Pat; fallen or transfer. Anjali; greeting.
A higher state of consciousness in which the yogi communes with God in an ordinary walking state - even performing worldly duties. Without difference. The yogi feels there is a slight separation from God. In Nirbikalpa there is no separation from God
The Mahabharata (GREAT STORY). The Bhagavad Gita is incorporated within the Mahabharata as one of the episodes.


19. The BHAGAVAD-GITA

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20. Name 5 of the 10 incarnations of VISHNU
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)
A 'chosen deity.' This meant that you believed you could meditate on a deity such as Shiva - Krishna - Ganesh or Lakshmi and then actually merge with and become that deity.
'The LORD'S SONG'. The most famous of all Indic scripture - where Krishna teaches his main disciple - Arjuna of life through the teachings of KARMIC Yoga (RIGHT ACTION) - BHAKTI Yoga (DEVOTION) - and Jnana Yoga (WISDOM)
4500-2500 BCE


21. Shiva-Shakti
A 'chosen deity.' This meant that you believed you could meditate on a deity such as Shiva - Krishna - Ganesh or Lakshmi and then actually merge with and become that deity.
Personal observances or restraints
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.


22. The Brahman
Pat; fallen or transfer. Anjali; greeting.
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
SUTRA=suture/thread. These are 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga: transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers (SIDDHIS) - the eight limb path (ASHTANGA) and higher stages of yoga - liberation. Written on palm leaves and tied toge
God - the absolute - the expansion - quantum source.


23. What are the three synomyns of classical yoga
Lakshmi - The Goddess of good fortune - wealth - she attracts the minds of the yogi's by her beauty.
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli
Ashtanga - Raja - Patanjala
AKA 'GOVINDA' or cow-finder. Always seen playing the flute The 8th incarnation of VISHNU. Krishna is one of the most powerful deities in the HINDU CULTURE. He's written about int the BHAGAVAD-GITA and the BHAGAVATA-PURANA


24. What is Sabikalpa Samadhi
1000-100 BCE. All ABOUT NON-DUALISM
Forceful yoga.
Forceful Yoga. The yoga of physical discipline - aiming at the awakening of the serpent power (kundalini shakti).
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse


25. Pre-Classical ERA (when - approximately)?
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
Non-dualism. Based on the Upanishads. Two main branches Radical - taught by Shankara - and Qualified - taught by Ramanuja.
1000-100 BCE. All ABOUT NON-DUALISM
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer


26. JIVAN MUKTA

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27. Why did the Classical Yogis not believe in a deep exploration of the physical world and their body?
Founder of the school of qualified non-dualism. (Vashista Advaita). He challenged Patanjali's believe that God was abstract. This means that he believed the spiritual world had qualities - such as a deity or the trimuti. (Bhakti yogi - Devotion to Go
It means the Lord's Song. The book of Psalms. The popular Yoga scripture containing the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna.
Spirit
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli


28. Who was the first Hatha yoga teacher?
1000-100 BCE. All ABOUT NON-DUALISM
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM
Govinda - cow finder.
Goraksha


29. Yoga SUTRAS
God - the absolute - the expansion - quantum source.
SUTRA=suture/thread. These are 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga: transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers (SIDDHIS) - the eight limb path (ASHTANGA) and higher stages of yoga - liberation. Written on palm leaves and tied toge
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse


30. Who is Shankara?

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31. What does Vashista mean?
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
Buddhism - Right Path - Left Path and Kaula.
Qualified non-dualist
Pingala - Eda and Sushumna


32. Yogash citta vritti nirodhah
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
Yoga IS The RESTRICTION OF The WHIRLS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (CITTA)
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M
Govinda - cow finder.


33. WHY did Patanjali choose 8 limbs?
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM
Classical Yoga around 300-400 BCE
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.
Pat; fallen or transfer. Anjali; greeting.


34. What is Sabikalpa Samadhi
Spirit
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
Goraksha
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse


35. What is KARMA Yoga

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36. What does Pratyahara mean?
Enlightenment - ecstasy - absorption
Forceful yoga.
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.
Govinda - cow finder.


37. Who is Ramanuja?

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38. What are the four vedas
It means Non-dualism or 'not two.'
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie
Rig - Atharva - Yahjur - Sama


39. The Vedic Age
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
4500-2500 BCE
A 'chosen deity.' This meant that you believed you could meditate on a deity such as Shiva - Krishna - Ganesh or Lakshmi and then actually merge with and become that deity.


40. Who are the two most outstanding Nathas?
Matsyendra and Goraksha
Forceful yoga.
Dualism or 'two.'
Krishna advises Arjuna to battle his 'enemy' which is really Arjuna's family. This 'enemy' represents the hold the world and worldly things have on humans.


41. What is Advaita-Vedanta
Qualified non-dualist
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli
Non-dualism. Based on the Upanishads. Two main branches Radical - taught by Shankara - and Qualified - taught by Ramanuja.
Matsyendra and Goraksha


42. What does Natha sect mean?
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)
It means Lord pertaining to the Yoga adepts. It was from the Natha sect that Hatha Yoga developed.
Matsyendra and Goraksha
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path


43. What are the FOUR VEDAS?
Parvati (also known as Uma - The mother of Ganesh - She represents the female energy of the Universe - Parvati also means the highest mountain peak in Sanskrit.
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.
To prepare the yogi for meditation.
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA


44. Who is Matysendra
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.
Buddhism - Right Path - Left Path and Kaula.
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.
The Yogin's spiritual path. CLASSICAL YOGIS did not believe in deep exploration of the physical world or their bodies. These things were seen as a gross distraction from theirr spiritual path.


45. Brahma's Counterpart
Founder of the school of qualified non-dualism. (Vashista Advaita). He challenged Patanjali's believe that God was abstract. This means that he believed the spiritual world had qualities - such as a deity or the trimuti. (Bhakti yogi - Devotion to Go
The story of Rama and Sita. It is considered the Genesis and the most popular romantic story in all of India. Hanumat - or Hanuman the Monkey Leader - slay the forest demon - Ravana - and rescues his wife Sita.
Seat
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.


46. What is the Mahabharata (The Great Story)?
Pat; fallen or transfer. Anjali; greeting.
This is the story of wars between two arms of a family - the Pandavas and the Kauravas.
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)
AKA 'GOVINDA' or cow-finder. Always seen playing the flute The 8th incarnation of VISHNU. Krishna is one of the most powerful deities in the HINDU CULTURE. He's written about int the BHAGAVAD-GITA and the BHAGAVATA-PURANA


47. Who is Goraksha?
It means Lord pertaining to the Yoga adepts. It was from the Natha sect that Hatha Yoga developed.
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.
Cow Protector
Concentration


48. What are the Kanphatas?
The founder of the Kanphata order and an early preceptor of Hatha yoga.
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.
It means ear splitting. They would split both ears and wear very large earrings which is said to invoke the Yoga Siddhis powers.
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.


49. Name the 8 Limb Path
Enlightenment - ecstasy - absorption
Dualism or 'two.'
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.
Yama - Niyama - Asana - Pranayama - Pratyahara - Dhrana - Dhyana - Samadhi


50. What are the four paths of Tantra yoga?
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
Buddhism - Right Path - Left Path and Kaula.
Patanjali
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY