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• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. PARUSHA and PAKRITI
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.
SPIRIT and NATURE/CONSCIOUSNESS and MATTER
Forceful yoga.
DUALISM. (DVAITA=DUALISM - VEDANTA=after the VEDAS) - 'DUALISM THAT OCCURRED AFTER The VEDAS' THIS was the philosophy espoused by Patanjali. Separate CONSCiousness and Matter or PURUSHA (SPIRIT) seen as separate from PRAKRITI (NATURE). FROM this view


2. WHY did Patanjali choose 8 limbs?
Matsya (fish) Kurma (tortoise) Varaha (boar) Nara-Simba (lion) Vamana or Bamana - dwarf or short man. First human incarnation. Parusha-Rama (Rama with an Axe) Rama (dark or pleasing one). Main character in Rama and Sita. Krishna (also known as Govind
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM
AKA 'GOVINDA' or cow-finder. Always seen playing the flute The 8th incarnation of VISHNU. Krishna is one of the most powerful deities in the HINDU CULTURE. He's written about int the BHAGAVAD-GITA and the BHAGAVATA-PURANA
Hymns sung and passed down from Brahman to Brahman. The RIG VEDA first mentions Yoga


3. What does Dhrana mean?
Concentration
Pat; fallen or transfer. Anjali; greeting.
Qualified non-dualist
Pingala - Eda and Sushumna


4. Advaita Vedanta
1. Saucha-sacredness or purity 2. Santosha-contentment 3. Tapas-discipline 4. Swadhyaya-self study or introspection 5. Ishvara Pranidhana-Dedication to God
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse


5. What is Yogash Citta Vritti Nirodhah?
Spoken of in Pre-Classical times (1000 BCE-100 BCE) in Krishna's lesson to Arjuna in the BHAGAVAD GITA. The path of RIGHT ACTION. Through our TAPAS (disciplines - austerities) - you start to burn your - Karma. HATHA Yoga is KARMA Yoga
Yoga IS The RESTRICTION OF The WHIRLS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (CITTA)
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
Arguably the most famous Sutra which means - Yoga is the cessation of the fluctuations of the mind.


6. Who is Patanjali
Patanjali's DUALISTIC approach (DVAITA VEDANTA) allows only for this kind of SAMADHI. This is SAMADHI with DIFFERENCE (BIKALPA) - ie
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path
Extend the life force
SPIRIT and NATURE/CONSCIOUSNESS and MATTER


7. Yoga SUTRAS
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY
SUTRA=suture/thread. These are 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga: transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers (SIDDHIS) - the eight limb path (ASHTANGA) and higher stages of yoga - liberation. Written on palm leaves and tied toge
Radha


8. Who are the two most outstanding Nathas?
The state in which the yogi becomes breathless - with difference - the life force is withdrawn from the body and the yogi appears dead or motionless and rigid. The yogi is fully aware of his condition but it is a temporary state and he has a glimpse
Matsyendra and Goraksha
DUALISM. (DVAITA=DUALISM - VEDANTA=after the VEDAS) - 'DUALISM THAT OCCURRED AFTER The VEDAS' THIS was the philosophy espoused by Patanjali. Separate CONSCiousness and Matter or PURUSHA (SPIRIT) seen as separate from PRAKRITI (NATURE). FROM this view
It means Lord pertaining to the Yoga adepts. It was from the Natha sect that Hatha Yoga developed.


9. What is Advaita?

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10. What is Ishta Devata?

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11. What does Pratyahara mean?
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.
The Yoga Sutras - The 8 Limb Path
Extend the life force
Rig - Atharva - Yahjur - Sama


12. What does Natha sect mean?
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
Sutra means suture or thread. The Sutras consist of 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga; transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers or (Siddhis) - the eight limb path (Ashtanga) - and higher stages of yoga - liberation. They were
'The LORD'S SONG'. The most famous of all Indic scripture - where Krishna teaches his main disciple - Arjuna of life through the teachings of KARMIC Yoga (RIGHT ACTION) - BHAKTI Yoga (DEVOTION) - and Jnana Yoga (WISDOM)
It means Lord pertaining to the Yoga adepts. It was from the Natha sect that Hatha Yoga developed.


13. How does the Hatha or Tantric yogi purify their body?
Yogash Citta Vritti Nirodhah.
It purifies the body practicing asana - Ayurvedic medicine - eating consciously - and worshipping the body as a temple to transcend the physical. This is in contrast to the hedonists who indulge in sense pleasure for self gratification. Therefore - t
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
Knowledge. The oldest portion and the most sacred scriptures of Hinduism. A collection of hymns said to be intuited by the ancient seers of sages. These hymns or songs - were secrets of the universe - why are we here? Oldest composition in the world.


14. RAMA

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15. What is another name for Goraksha
It means Non-dualism or 'not two.'
Govinda - cow finder.
1. Saucha-sacredness or purity 2. Santosha-contentment 3. Tapas-discipline 4. Swadhyaya-self study or introspection 5. Ishvara Pranidhana-Dedication to God
Cow Protector


16. Who is Ramanuja?

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17. The Indic Trimurti
Brahma- The Creator Vishnu- The Sustainer Shiva- The Destroyer
From 100 CE-500 CE there was PATANJALI who authored the Yoga SUTRAS. He spoke about the 8 limb path and was the first to systematize the teachings of Yoga. PATANJALI gave Yoga its Classic FORM
Last act performed before the yogi actually chooses to leave his body and turns thrice - faces north and his spirit leaves the body.
Matsyendra and Goraksha


18. CLASSICAL Yoga CONCEPTS
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)
Spoken of in Pre-Classical times (1000 BCE-100 BCE) in Krishna's lesson to Arjuna in the BHAGAVAD GITA. The path of RIGHT ACTION. Through our TAPAS (disciplines - austerities) - you start to burn your - Karma. HATHA Yoga is KARMA Yoga
From 100 CE-500 CE there was PATANJALI who authored the Yoga SUTRAS. He spoke about the 8 limb path and was the first to systematize the teachings of Yoga. PATANJALI gave Yoga its Classic FORM


19. CLASSICAL ERA OF Yoga - WHEN?
Found in the Bhagavata PURANA. He gives 10 sons and 1 daughter to each of his 16 -108 cow girls.
Radha
Meditation
100-500 C.E.


20. What are the FOUR VEDAS?
RIG VEDA - ATHARVA VEDA - Jahjur VEDA - SAMA VEDA
Rig - Atharva - Yahjur - Sama
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
'living liberated' The adept who is liberated or enlightened while still embodied. This is a non-dualistic ideal - that when 'self realization occurs - liberation will come'. The Bhagavad-Gita describes Jivan-Mukta


21. JNANA Yoga

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22. What is KARMA Yoga

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23. Name the 8 Limb Path
He was a disciple of Matsyendra and the originator of Hatha Yoga. Shiva told Matsyendra he would reincarnate as his disciple.
Nature
Yama - Niyama - Asana - Pranayama - Pratyahara - Dhrana - Dhyana - Samadhi
The Mahabharata (GREAT STORY). The Bhagavad Gita is incorporated within the Mahabharata as one of the episodes.


24. What is a Dvaita

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25. Why was Goraksha given his name?
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.
ASHTANGA Yoga - PATANJALI Yoga - RAJA Yoga
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra
The Mahabharata (GREAT STORY). The Bhagavad Gita is incorporated within the Mahabharata as one of the episodes.


26. Who is Shankara?

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27. What is the differences between Tantra and the more traditional view of the Verticalists?
Krishna advises Arjuna to battle his 'enemy' which is really Arjuna's family. This 'enemy' represents the hold the world and worldly things have on humans.
The traditionalists believe the body is a hindrance - or an obstacle which limits and distracts us on our path (sadhana). Whereas the Tantrikas believe the body is an expression of divinity and we should therefore discover all of its sense pleasures
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.
The Path of Wisdom - 'embodying the scriptures. investing in study


28. SIDHANA

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29. What does Asana mean
Seat
ASHTANGA Yoga - PATANJALI Yoga - RAJA Yoga
The traditionalists believe the body is a hindrance - or an obstacle which limits and distracts us on our path (sadhana). Whereas the Tantrikas believe the body is an expression of divinity and we should therefore discover all of its sense pleasures
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.


30. Brahma's Counterpart
From the 8-fold path of BUDHISM
Sarasvati - The Goddess of knowledge - speech and the fine arts - also the name of an extinct river in India.
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.
This is the story of wars between two arms of a family - the Pandavas and the Kauravas.


31. What is the main idea of the Bhagavad Gita?

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32. Why did the Classical Yogis not believe in a deep exploration of the physical world and their body?
'The LORD'S SONG'. The most famous of all Indic scripture - where Krishna teaches his main disciple - Arjuna of life through the teachings of KARMIC Yoga (RIGHT ACTION) - BHAKTI Yoga (DEVOTION) - and Jnana Yoga (WISDOM)
They considered the body to be a distraction from their spiritual path (Sadhana). Even though they practiced asana as a preliminary step to stay healthy - they frown upon the Tantric approach of Hatha Yoga which uses the body as vehicle to reach enli
1000-100 BCE. All ABOUT NON-DUALISM
1. Ahimsa-non violence 2. Satya-truth 3. Asteya-non stealing 4. Brahmacharya - abstinence 5. Aparigraha - non hoarding


33. Who is Shankara?

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34. Rama's Consort
Founder of the Kaula Branch of Tantra and the Natha sect.
1000-100 BCE. All ABOUT NON-DUALISM
Sita
Author of the Yoga sutras (source text of Classical Yoga) and the 8 Limb Path


35. What does Prakritti mean?
1.Matsya (fish) - 2. Kurma (tortoise) - 4. Nara-Simha (lion) 5. VAMANA or BAMANA (DWARF)=the first human incarnation of Vishnu - 6. Rama with an AX - 7. RAMA 8. KRISHNA (GOVINDA) - 9. BUDDHA (the awakened one) - 10> Kalki (the AVATAR yet to come)
PAT=FALLEN; SHAKTI PAT=FALLEN ENERGY
Non-dual - end of the Vedas
Nature


36. What were the UPANISHADS?

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37. Rama's Consort
Founder of the school of qualified non-dualism. (Vashista Advaita). He challenged Patanjali's believe that God was abstract. This means that he believed the spiritual world had qualities - such as a deity or the trimuti. (Bhakti yogi - Devotion to Go
Nature
Sita
DUALISM. (DVAITA=DUALISM - VEDANTA=after the VEDAS) - 'DUALISM THAT OCCURRED AFTER The VEDAS' THIS was the philosophy espoused by Patanjali. Separate CONSCiousness and Matter or PURUSHA (SPIRIT) seen as separate from PRAKRITI (NATURE). FROM this view


38. Name the Yama's and their meanings
The legend starts when a peasant woman asks Shiva for a son. He gives her ash to eat which will induce pregnancy. She throws the gift into a dung-heap. Twelve years later Matsyendra goes to see the child. After telling what she had done - Matsyendra
Forceful yoga.
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)
1. Ahimsa-non violence 2. Satya-truth 3. Asteya-non stealing 4. Brahmacharya - abstinence 5. Aparigraha - non hoarding


39. What is the main idea of the Bhagavad Gita?

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40. What does Purusha mean?
Spirit
Dualism or 'two.'
This is the story of wars between two arms of a family - the Pandavas and the Kauravas.
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.


41. What does Pratyahara mean?
Withdraw from the senses and eliminate distraction from the outside world.
1500-1000 BCE
It means Non-dualism or 'not two.'
Matsya (fish) Kurma (tortoise) Varaha (boar) Nara-Simba (lion) Vamana or Bamana - dwarf or short man. First human incarnation. Parusha-Rama (Rama with an Axe) Rama (dark or pleasing one). Main character in Rama and Sita. Krishna (also known as Govind


42. What is the story of Matysendra?
Sutra means suture or thread. The Sutras consist of 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga; transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers or (Siddhis) - the eight limb path (Ashtanga) - and higher stages of yoga - liberation. They were
Shiva was lecturing his wife Parvati about the secrets of Tantra yoga and Parvati was asleep. Matsyendra heard the teachings from the belly of a huge fish and Shiva then states he knows who is real disciple is. 12 years later the fish is caught and M
DUALISM. (DVAITA=DUALISM - VEDANTA=after the VEDAS) - 'DUALISM THAT OCCURRED AFTER The VEDAS' THIS was the philosophy espoused by Patanjali. Separate CONSCiousness and Matter or PURUSHA (SPIRIT) seen as separate from PRAKRITI (NATURE). FROM this view
The masculine-feminine force of the Universe - the fundamental creative principle of existence. Shiva without Shakti is unable to affect anything. Just as the moon does not shine without moonlight - so also Shiva does not shine without Shakti.


43. Who was the first Hatha yoga teacher?
Cow Protector
Goraksha
Personal observances or restraints
Forceful Yoga. The yoga of physical discipline - aiming at the awakening of the serpent power (kundalini shakti).


44. What does Samadhi mean?
Ganesh - the pot belly elephant face God and the removal of all obstacles.
Enlightenment - ecstasy - absorption
KNOWLEDGE
DARK OR PLEASING ONE. The 7th incarnation of VISHNU. He is the main character in the RAMAYANA ('the advancement of RAMA') SITA IS his CONSORT. He was rescued by the forest demon - RAVANA


45. What does Hatha Yoga mean?
4500-2500 BCE
Forceful yoga.
1. Saucha-sacredness or purity 2. Santosha-contentment 3. Tapas-discipline 4. Swadhyaya-self study or introspection 5. Ishvara Pranidhana-Dedication to God
Sutra means suture or thread. The Sutras consist of 195 aphorisms which cover many aspects of Yoga; transformation of consciousness - paranormal powers or (Siddhis) - the eight limb path (Ashtanga) - and higher stages of yoga - liberation. They were


46. What is the Bhagavad-Gita

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47. BHAKTI Yoga
1000-100 BCE. All ABOUT NON-DUALISM
Qualified non-dualist
It means Non-dualism or 'not two.'
The Path of Devotion. (Hare Krishnas - for example)


48. What do the Upanishads mean?

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49. Sabikalpa Samadhi

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50. Name the three Samadhi's
Sabikalpa - Nirbikalpa - Maha
To weave - loom or extend - very non judgmental - they embraced everyone with an open mind.
Means 'to sit near'. There were traditionally 108 Upanishads. Epiphanies of the VEDAS They were interpretations of the VEDAS
Universal morality