Test your basic knowledge |

AP Chemistry 2

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What happens to the ion concentrations of a saturated solution when it is diluted and no solid solute remains?
Thermo: R=8.31J/mol/K - gas calculations: R=.0821 L atm/mol/K or 62.4L mmHg/mol/K
They decrease (or could be the same if the solid has ONLY JUST disappeared)
0 and 14
red - green - blue

2. Ca - Sr - Ba
Reduction always takes place at the cathode (RED CAT) In both types of cell!
hydroxides (ex: Ba(OH)2)
Salt + water.
brown volatile liquid

3. A Bronsted-Lowry acid is...
methyl formate
Whether or not they can form H-bonds with water (ex: Ethyl alcohol is soluble but dimethyl ether is not)
NO3?
proton donor base

4. silver compounds
Insoluble except for nitrate and acetate
zero
Check for air bubbles in the buret and remove the buret funnel from the buret
Insoluble except group 1 and ammonium

5. How many normal boiling points and boiling points are there?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

6. What value of R do you use for thermo calculations? gas calculations?
Alkali ion - OH? - and H2 (phenolphthalein goes pink - thus 'alkali' metals)
proton acceptor.
Thermo: R=8.31J/mol/K - gas calculations: R=.0821 L atm/mol/K or 62.4L mmHg/mol/K
allow for the vapor pressure of water and make sure to level levels

7. perchlorate
Glacial acetic acid
Glowing splint (positive result=relights)
ClO4?
an oxidized and reduced substance

8. phosphates
How grouped results are
K1 x K2
RCOOR
Most INsoluble except group 1 and ammonium

9. What effect does increasing the size/surface area of a voltaic cell have on the cell?
No effect on Voltage (hetero) but will increase current possible (surface area increases rate of reaction)
Transition element compounds (except if it has a full or empty d shell)
O2 needs 4F/mol H2 needs 2F/mol
Sigma bonds are stronger than pi bonds

10. What two types of substances are present in all redox reactions?
strong acids/bases are written as H+ or OH- ions
Ksp = 108s5
-Ea/R
an oxidized and reduced substance

11. What is reflux?
CO2 and H2O
boiling without losing volatile solvents/reactants
How grouped results are
OH- and NH3

12. When a cell is 'flat' a.k.a 'reached equilibrium' - what is its ?G value?
zero
T increases exponentially the proportion of molecules with E > Ea
OH- and NH3
chemically (ex: with carbon)

13. What do ions and electrons travel through in a voltaic/electrolytic cell?
Heat to constant mass-weigh - reheat - cool - and weigh again until mass is constant
No - it depends on the number of ions produced on dissolving.
Ions go through the salt bridge - electrons go through metal wires in the external circuit
1) Add together a weak base with a salt of that base made with a strong acid. (or visa versa) 2) by partially neutralizing a weak base with a strong acid or weak acid with a strong base. (Ex: 0.2 mol NH3 + 0.1 mol HCl)

14. Neutralization is an ________ reaction.
ionic and form hydrogen and hydroxide
Exothermic (?H for ANY sa/sb = -57kJ/mol)
Synthetic condensation polymer (aka a polyamide)
CN?

15. Name six characteristics of transition elements (or their compounds)
RCOOR
allow for the vapor pressure of water and make sure to level levels
Salt and water
Good catalysts - form multiple oxidation states - often paramagnetic - good structural metals - form a host of alloys (similar sized atoms) - have similar I energies (inner filling)

16. Acidic gases like SO2 in the atmosphere cause what environmental problems?
H2O + CO2 (it decomposes readily)
Acid rain - dissolves marble buildings/statues and kills trees.
Insoluble (except group 1 ammonium and Ba)
Iodine and CO2 (dry ice)

17. How do you explain trends in atomic properties using Coulomb's Law?
Alkali ion - OH? - and H2 (phenolphthalein goes pink - thus 'alkali' metals)
Insoluble except nitrate and acetate
Mention effective nuclear charge (shielding) and distance of outer electrons from the nucleus
Increases down group 1 decreases down group 17

18. Nonmetals are good _____ agents. Metals are good _______ agents.
oxidizing - (F2 is the best) - reducing (ex: Li - Na).
by electrolysis
water and substances with (s) less dense than
a-IMFs - b-molecular volume

19. What are isomers?
Molecules with the same molecular formulas - but different structural formulas
small size and high charge
[A?]/[HA] x 100 or [BH?]/[B] x 100
water and substances with (s) less dense than

20. What are the signs of ?G and E° for spontaneous reactions?
?G=negative - E° must be positive
Ksp = 27s4
Acid spill-NaHCO3 (baking soda) base spill-acetic acid (vinegar)
Acids; HCOOCH3 is an ester

21. For a weak acid solution in water - Ka = 10?6 what is Kb for its conjugate base?
catalyst=conc H2SO4
Q=It (time in seconds)
Greenish-yellow gas
10?8

22. carbonates
All single: sp³ - one double: sp² - two doubles: sp - one triple: sp - two single and two lone pairs: sp³ - three single and one lone pair: sp³
benzene is less reactive than alkenes
Silvery gray solid - brown - purple
Insoluble except group 1 and ammonium

23. mercury (II) ion
0 and 14
H3PO4
Hg²?
Reduction always takes place at the cathode (RED CAT) In both types of cell!

24. What is the general formula for an ester?
it's lower and occurs over less sharp a range
RCOOR
CnH(2n+2)
-Ea/R

25. What are the prefixes used to name organic alkanes with varying number of carbon atoms? (Up to ten carbons)
Insoluble except nitrate and acetate
Lack of rotation of groups around a double bond. (cis has groups on same side - trans on opposite sides)
Meth - eth - prop - but - pent - hex - hept - oct - non - dec
do not change

26. How do you identify which is oxidized or otherwise?
CN?
metal oxides and hydrides are ionically bonded and basic
Exothermic (?H for ANY sa/sb = -57kJ/mol)
look for changes in oxidation # - the one that goes up is oxidized and is the RA

27. What are the prefixes for the naming of binary molecular compound formulas (up to six)
RCOOH
Mono; di; tri; tetra; penta; hexa.
bent
Eudiometer

28. What is the conjugate base of NH3?
water and substances with (s) less dense than
H2O + CO2 (it decomposes readily)
Increases.
NH2?

29. What part of a liquid do you look at to measure its volume?
yellow
Increase - the dissociation of water is endothermic so increasing T favors forward direction - thus more ions.
Read the bottom of the meniscus
catalyst=conc H2SO4

30. What is the sign of the cathode in voltaic cells? in electrolytic cells?
small size and high charge
voltaic: + electrolytic: -
Glowing splint (positive result=relights)
How close results are to the accepted value

31. How does the KE and PE of ice at 0°C compare to the KE and PE of water at 0°C?
Time?¹ - (ex. s?¹ - hr?¹ - etc)
same KE - but PEice<PEwater
Greenish-yellow gas
A monomer with a double bond OR two monomers with an arrangement of FGs that allows them to react repeatedly with one another (ex. OH and COOH)

32. Group 14 shows non-metal and metal characteristics. What two oxidation states do the elements in group 14 exist in?
Eudiometer
same KE - but PEice<PEwater
Hg²?
+4 and +2 (+4 dominates top of group and +2 at bottom of group)

33. Does Benzene react by addition or substitution?
Increases.
Acidic solutions (Ex: [Fe(H2O)6]³? + H2O = Fe(H2O)5OH]²? + H3O?)
it reacts by substitution NOT addition
Eudiometer

34. What are two substances that sublime at 1 atm when heated?
Clear
water and substances with (s) less dense than
Acid spill-NaHCO3 (baking soda) base spill-acetic acid (vinegar)
Iodine and CO2 (dry ice)

35. What is Ksp in terms of molar solubility ('s') for an electrolyte AB?
Ksp = s²
methyl formate
Experimental mass/theoretical mass X 100
proton acceptor.

36. What is the general formula for alkyl halides?
do not change
Insoluble (except group 1 ammonium and Ba)
RX
left - ppt will form

37. How are primary alcohols turned into acids?
A) any range. b) 8-10 c) 4-6
Salt + water
Primary alcohols are partially oxidized to aldehydes and then totally oxidized to acids (wine to vinegar)
NO3?

38. What is Ksp in terms of molar solubility ('s') for an electrolyte A2B3 A3B2?
Increases.
But S° of element is not zero (except at 0K)
OH- and NH3
Ksp = 108s5

39. What is the sign of the anode in voltaic cells? in electrolytic cells?
Whether or not they can form H-bonds with water (ex: Ethyl alcohol is soluble but dimethyl ether is not)
voltaic: - electrolytic: +
Hg2²?
same KE - but PEice<PEwater

40. What things should you remember to do when collecting gas over water?
Purple
Salt and water
HNO3 - (nitric) H2SO4 -(sulfuric) HCl -(hydrochloric) HBr -(hydrobromic) HI - (hydroiodic) HClO4 (perchloric)
allow for the vapor pressure of water and make sure to level levels

41. What are the units of the first order rate constant?
Mn²? - Cr³? - Cr³
Time?¹ - (ex. s?¹ - hr?¹ - etc)
Salt + water.
K1 x K2

42. ammonium/ammonium compounds
Soluble
E=q + w (negative is by system - positive is on system)
proton donor base
Time?¹ - (ex. s?¹ - hr?¹ - etc)

43. What is the general formula for a ketone?
Unsaturated - addition (ex: decolorize bromine solution)
RCOR
ion pairing
No - NH3 and HCl gases are extremely soluble

44. What are two substances that sublime at 1 atm when heated?
H+
a-IMFs - b-molecular volume
Supercooling can occur when cooling a solvent or solution. It occurs when there's a dip and then a rise back up to the melting point on a cooling curve.
Iodine and CO2 (dry ice)

45. What is the test for oxygen?
PO4³?
How close results are to the accepted value
boiling without losing volatile solvents/reactants
Glowing splint (positive result=relights)

46. How does group 1 metals' density compare to water's?
are less dense than water
Hg2²?
Trigonal pyramidal
C2O4²?

47. What do nonmetal oxides plus water form?
Kc=Kp
C4H10
acids
Increase - the dissociation of water is endothermic so increasing T favors forward direction - thus more ions.

48. Give an example of a dilute strong acid.
an oxidized and reduced substance
HClO4
Current - time and charge on ion (moles of e used in half cell reaction)
Cu3(PO4)2

49. What is the basic structure of an optical isomer?
Optical isomers contain at least one chiral (asymmetric) C atom which is a C atom that has four different groups attached to it.
fruit - fish - bases
Mention effective nuclear charge (shielding) and distance of outer electrons from the nucleus
Conjugate pair (one must be a weak base or acid)

50. Color is due to ______ _______ of light.
Time?¹ - (ex. s?¹ - hr?¹ - etc)
strong acids/bases are written as H+ or OH- ions
Group 1 hydroxides (ex: NaOH)
Selective absorption