AP Chemistry 2

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What two compounds are great oxidizing agents?

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2. What is the relationship between Rate and Molar Mass for two gases? Velocity and Temperature? Energy and Temperature?
There's one normal boiling point (1 atm) - but many boiling points (P dependent)
it is lower and occurs over less sharp a range
Acidic solutions (Ex: [Fe(H2O)6]³? + H2O = Fe(H2O)5OH]²? + H3O?)
r1/r2=(M2/M1)^½ - v1/v2=(T1/T2)^½ - E1/E2=T1/T2


3. How does the KE and PE of ice at 0°C compare to the KE and PE of water at 0°C?
?H formation of an element in standard state=0
Molecules with the same molecular formulas - but different structural formulas
Acid spill-NaHCO3 (baking soda) base spill-acetic acid (vinegar)
same KE - but PEice<PEwater


4. One mole of electrons carries 96500Coulombs - what is this quantity called?

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5. Name 2 ways in which you can create a buffer?
methyl formate
RX
Salt + water.
1) Add together a weak base with a salt of that base made with a strong acid. (or visa versa) 2) by partially neutralizing a weak base with a strong acid or weak acid with a strong base. (Ex: 0.2 mol NH3 + 0.1 mol HCl)


6. What are the units of the first order rate constant?
RX
Silvery gray solid - brown - purple
it's lower and occurs over less sharp a range
Time?¹ - (ex. s?¹ - hr?¹ - etc)


7. halides
1. Rinse the buret/pipette with deionized water - 2. Rinse the buret/pipette with the solution you plan on filling the buret/pipette with.
Most are soluble except Ag - Pb
A) any range. b) 8-10 c) 4-6
Salt and water


8. Are weak acids (and bases) written dissociated?

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9. chromate
fruit - fish - bases
[Ag(NH3)2]? - [Cu(NH3)4]²? - [Cd(NH3)4]²? - [Zn(NH3)4]²?
SO4²?
CrO4²?


10. What do the 'a' and 'b' in Van Der Waal's equation allow for?
voltaic: - electrolytic: +
a-IMFs - b-molecular volume
allow for the vapor pressure of water and make sure to level levels
The one with most oxygen atoms (highest oxidation number)


11. Buffer capacity must contain decent amounts of a ________ ________
Conjugate pair (one must be a weak base or acid)
brown volatile liquid
CnH2n+2
Big K=kf/kr


12. What is the formula for alkanes?
Transition element compounds (except if it has a full or empty d shell)
Add acid to water so that the acid doesn't boil and spit
Salt and water
CnH2n+2


13. Metal hydrides are _____ and form _______ and _______ when added to water
ionic and form hydrogen and hydroxide
RCOOH
Two forms of the same element (same Z) with different # of neutrons and similar chemical properties
Pour liquids using a funnel or down a glass rod


14. What are the common strong bases?
same KE - but PEice<PEwater
do not change
Group 1 hydroxides (ex: NaOH)
zero


15. What is the general formula for a ketone?
RCOR
Pale purple - (orange)-yellow - red - blue - green.
K2
Two amino acids joined together; many amino acids joined together; lots of amino acids joined together


16. oxalate
Disulfur dichloride
RCOOH
C2O4²?
Suniverse increases for spontaneous processes


17. What is reflux?
HNO3 - (nitric) H2SO4 -(sulfuric) HCl -(hydrochloric) HBr -(hydrobromic) HI - (hydroiodic) HClO4 (perchloric)
boiling without losing volatile solvents/reactants
C4H10
ROR


18. What two types of substances are present in all redox reactions?
?G=negative - E° must be positive
an oxidized and reduced substance
Whether or not they can form H-bonds with water (ex: Ethyl alcohol is soluble but dimethyl ether is not)
Clear


19. Aromatic compounds contain what?
Most INsoluble except group 1 and ammonium
ionic and form hydrogen and hydroxide
benzene is less reactive than alkenes
The benzene ring (or more correctly the phenyl group - C6H5)


20. A Bronsted-Lowry acid is...
Mono; di; tri; tetra; penta; hexa.
Insoluble except group 1 and ammonium
proton donor base
RX


21. How do you get Ecell for spontaneous reactions?
Pale purple - (orange)-yellow - red - blue - green.
PO4³?
More chaotic (ex: gases made)
Reverse most negative E° and add voltages to get Ecell (or take absolute difference between Ered values)


22. What is accuracy?
Heat a test tube at an angle at the side of the tube (not bottom)
?H-kJ - ?S-J - ?G-kJ
C2O4²?
How close results are to the accepted value


23. barium sulfate
Ignore 'x' if its K is very small compared to [reactant] (5% rule)
Mention effective nuclear charge (shielding) and distance of outer electrons from the nucleus
White precipitate
methyl formate


24. What is the formula for obtaining charge flowing in a cell?
Separating funnel
OH?
SO4²?
Q=It (time in seconds)


25. What is the test for hydrogen?
diamond and graphite
lighted splint (positive result=pop)
oxidizing - (F2 is the best) - reducing (ex: Li - Na).
small size and high charge


26. A geometric (or cis-trans) isomer exists due to.....
Pale yellow
Insoluble except for nitrate and acetate
Lack of rotation of groups around a double bond. (cis has groups on same side - trans on opposite sides)
O2 needs 4F/mol H2 needs 2F/mol


27. What is the catalyst for this reaction Ester + ?
benzene is less reactive than alkenes
brown volatile liquid
Hg²?
catalyst=conc H2SO4


28. hydroxides
Insoluble (except group 1 ammonium and Ba)
How close results are to the accepted value
Perform ICE BOX calculation based on K1
Salt and water


29. What do hydrocarbons form when they burn in air (oxygen)?
benzene has a delocalized pi ring structure
hydroxides (ex: Ba(OH)2)
CO2 and H2O
Reduction always takes place at the cathode (RED CAT) In both types of cell!


30. What is the formula for percent yield?
Time?¹ - (ex. s?¹ - hr?¹ - etc)
Experimental mass/theoretical mass X 100
#ligands=charge x2
basic


31. How do you clean a buret/pipette for a titration?
Soluble
1. Rinse the buret/pipette with deionized water - 2. Rinse the buret/pipette with the solution you plan on filling the buret/pipette with.
Cr2O7²?
Increases.


32. What process do you use to obtain the precipitate from a solution?
Pale purple - (orange)-yellow - red - blue - green.
Filtration
Insoluble except for nitrate and acetate
zero


33. When the salt bridge is removed what happens to the cell reaction?
Soluble
Separating funnel
10?8
It ceases - the circuit is broken.


34. Does Kw increase or decrease with T? Why?
Trigonal pyramidal
lighted splint (positive result=pop)
Increase - the dissociation of water is endothermic so increasing T favors forward direction - thus more ions.
A salt solution.


35. copper sulfate
blue
blue (BTB)
RX
Salt + water


36. What are the names and formulas of the 6 strong acids?
brown volatile liquid
a-IMFs - b-molecular volume
HNO3 - (nitric) H2SO4 -(sulfuric) HCl -(hydrochloric) HBr -(hydrobromic) HI - (hydroiodic) HClO4 (perchloric)
Mono; di; tri; tetra; penta; hexa.


37. What is the general formula for an amine?
ns² electrons (first in-first out)
CrO4²?
RNH2
Salts (ex: CaO + SO2 ? CaSO3)


38. What type of polymer is nylon?
fruit - fish - bases
r1/r2=(M2/M1)^½ - v1/v2=(T1/T2)^½ - E1/E2=T1/T2
?G=negative - E° must be positive
Synthetic condensation polymer (aka a polyamide)


39. A Bronsted-Lowry base is...
proton acceptor.
Distillation
Two forms of the same element (same Z) with different # of neutrons and similar chemical properties
There's one normal boiling point (1 atm) - but many boiling points (P dependent)


40. What is the general formula for alkyl halides?
by electrolysis
Exothermic (?H for ANY sa/sb = -57kJ/mol)
RX
?G=negative - E° must be positive


41. silver compounds
Insoluble except for nitrate and acetate
acids
Conjugate pair (one must be a weak base or acid)
|experimental - accepted|/accepted X 100


42. What is the sign of the cathode in voltaic cells? in electrolytic cells?
The dilution effect when the solutions mix. M1V1 = M2V2
voltaic: + electrolytic: -
Acidic is when [H?] > [OH?] - basic is when [H?] < [OH?] - acidic is when [H?] = [OH?]
Increases down group 1 decreases down group 17


43. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
n(unsaturated monomer) = polymer (no loss in material) ex. n(C2H4) = (C2H4)n (polyethylene)
Big K=kf/kr
Suniverse increases for spontaneous processes
?H formation of an element in standard state=0


44. When can supercooling occur? What does it look like on a cooling curve?

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45. What complex ion does ammonia form with silver? copper? cadmium? zinc?
Unsaturated - addition (ex: decolorize bromine solution)
Soluble
Increases for endo - (becomes more soluble) decreases (becomes less soluble) for exo.
[Ag(NH3)2]? - [Cu(NH3)4]²? - [Cd(NH3)4]²? - [Zn(NH3)4]²?


46. lead compounds
ROR
Disulfur dichloride
Insoluble except nitrate and acetate
White precipitate


47. How many normal boiling points and boiling points are there?

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48. If ?S is positive - are the products more or less chaotic than the reactants?
Clear
Concentration
basic
More chaotic (ex: gases made)


49. What can form during the combustion of hydrocarbons in a limited supply of oxygen?
10?8
There's one normal boiling point (1 atm) - but many boiling points (P dependent)
CO (poisonous)
Salt and water


50. Is the ?H formation of an element in standard state zero?
|experimental - accepted|/accepted X 100
?H formation of an element in standard state=0
OH- and NH3
Suniverse increases for spontaneous processes