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AP Chemistry 2

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What process do you use to separate two liquids with different boiling points?
Disulfur dichloride
fractional distillation
blue glass - it filters UV
small size and high charge

2. chlorine
CrO4²?
H2O + CO2 (it decomposes readily)
#ligands=charge x2
Greenish-yellow gas

3. What are two allotropes of carbon?
diamond and graphite
-Ea/R
How close results are to the accepted value
C2O4²?

4. chlorate
Silvery gray solid - brown - purple
O2 needs 4F/mol H2 needs 2F/mol
do not change
ClO3?

5. A Bronsted-Lowry base is...
proton acceptor.
CH3COO?
RCOOH
Hydrogen (active metals are metals with more negative reduction potentials in E° chart)

6. Diphosphorus pentoxide is a typical molecular binary compound. What is its formula?
Cu3(PO4)2
P2O5
A monomer with a double bond OR two monomers with an arrangement of FGs that allows them to react repeatedly with one another (ex. OH and COOH)
Most INsoluble except group 1 and ammonium

7. What is Ksp in terms of molar solubility ('s') for an electrolyte A2B3 A3B2?
Read the bottom of the meniscus
Concentration
Ksp = 108s5
Combine: multiply Keq - reverse: 1/Keq - Halve coefficients: Keq^(1/2)

8. What is a coordinate covalent bond?
Experimental mass/theoretical mass X 100
Insoluble except group 1 and ammonium
Glacial acetic acid
Both electrons come from the same atom (just as good as a regular bond)

9. phosphate
q=mc?T q=mL (or n x ?h)
PO4³?
AgF-soluble in water - other silver halides insoluble in water - AgCl-soluble in excess ammonia - AgBr-somewhat soluble - AgI (yellow)-somewhat soluble in excess ammonia
Tetrahedral

10. acetates
Soluble
Orange
Reverse most negative E° and add voltages to get Ecell (or take absolute difference between Ered values)
Big K=kf/kr

11. What shape is water?
Soluble
Ions go through the salt bridge - electrons go through metal wires in the external circuit
bent
Soluble

12. Generally - which oxy acid is strongest?
Identity and purity (impure compounds usually have broad & low melting points)
Alkali ion - OH? - and H2 (phenolphthalein goes pink - thus 'alkali' metals)
Decant
The one with most oxygen atoms (highest oxidation number)

13. What is the charge on a chlorine atom?
zero
Soluble except Ag - Pb - Ca - Sr Ba)
CnH2n+2
Hg2²?

14. How do you find the pH for a dibasic acid? (H2A)?
Perform ICE BOX calculation based on K1
An active metal.
All except for lithium
blue (BTB)

15. Esters smell like _______ and amines smell like _______ and are ______.
Increases for endo - (becomes more soluble) decreases (becomes less soluble) for exo.
fruit - fish - bases
q=mc?T q=mL (or n x ?h)
Eudiometer

16. What can form during the combustion of hydrocarbons in a limited supply of oxygen?
Glacial acetic acid
Whether or not they can form H-bonds with water (ex: Ethyl alcohol is soluble but dimethyl ether is not)
CO (poisonous)
water and substances with (s) less dense than

17. mercury (I) ion
RCOR
SO4²?
NO3?
Hg2²?

18. What are the products for these common oxidizing agents? MnO4? - CrO4²? - Cr2O7²?
Ions go through the salt bridge - electrons go through metal wires in the external circuit
Ksp = 4s³
Mn²? - Cr³? - Cr³
Saturated organic compounds contain single bonds in their carbon skeleton. Unsaturated have at least one double or triple bond.

19. What is Ksp in terms of molar solubility ('s') for an electrolyte AB3 or A3B?
CH3COO?
States related to IMF magnitude (dispersion) - iodine-silvery grey solid - chlorine-yellowish green gas - bromine-brown volatile liquid - poisonous and reactive - good oxidizing agents -
Ksp = 27s4
Distillation

20. What are the prefixes used to name organic alkanes with varying number of carbon atoms? (Up to ten carbons)
Salts (ex: CaO + SO2 ? CaSO3)
There's one normal boiling point (1 atm) - but many boiling points (P dependent)
Meth - eth - prop - but - pent - hex - hept - oct - non - dec
An active metal.

21. What do metal oxides plus non- metal oxides form?
|experimental - accepted|/accepted X 100
Salts (ex: CaO + SO2 ? CaSO3)
it's lower and occurs over less sharp a range
SO4²?

22. What is Ksp in terms of molar solubility ('s') for an electrolyte A2B or AB2?
no - they're written undissociated (HAaq)
Experimental mass/theoretical mass X 100
Ksp = 4s³
Synthetic condensation polymer (aka a polyamide)

23. What are allotropes?
S2O3²?
More chaotic (ex: gases made)
different forms of the same element
No - NH3 and HCl gases are extremely soluble

24. Is the standard entropy (S°) of an element zero?
Pour liquids using a funnel or down a glass rod
A monomer with a double bond OR two monomers with an arrangement of FGs that allows them to react repeatedly with one another (ex. OH and COOH)
But S° of element is not zero (except at 0K)
do not change

25. What is precision?
K1 x K2
Tetrahedral
Initiation energy (NOT Ea)
How grouped results are

26. sulfates
redox reaction
E=q + w (negative is by system - positive is on system)
Soluble except Ag - Pb - Ca - Sr Ba)
Concentration

27. What is the general formula for alkyl halides?
RX
CO3²?
C4H10
Combine: multiply Keq - reverse: 1/Keq - Halve coefficients: Keq^(1/2)

28. What are the signs for ?G and E° for spontaneous reactions?
?G= -ve - E°= +ve
?H-kJ - ?S-J - ?G-kJ
Filtration
No - it depends on the number of ions produced on dissolving.

29. Where are group I metals stored?
Group I metals (soft metals) are stored under oil
red - green - blue
C4H10
K1 x K2

30. acetate
Increases.
Silvery gray solid - brown - purple
CH3COO?
A substance that can act as an acid or a base. ex. water - HCO3? ion etc.

31. What is the energy you must put into a reaction to make it start called?
Products - reactants (except for BDE when it's reactants - products)
it's lower and occurs over less sharp a range
atoms
Initiation energy (NOT Ea)

32. What do acids plus active metals form?
Hydrogen (active metals are metals with more negative reduction potentials in E° chart)
bright yellow
zero
strong acids/bases are written as H+ or OH- ions

33. What do you do to Keq when you combine 2 reactions - reverse an equation - or halve coefficients?
Combine: multiply Keq - reverse: 1/Keq - Halve coefficients: Keq^(1/2)
0 and 14
ethers
Only temperature

34. If a free element is involved - what type of reaction must be involved?
different forms of the same element
redox reaction
Mention effective nuclear charge (shielding) and distance of outer electrons from the nucleus
small size and high charge

35. barium sulfate
Greenish-yellow gas
Alkali ion - OH? - and H2 (phenolphthalein goes pink - thus 'alkali' metals)
H2O + CO2 (it decomposes readily)
White precipitate

36. What effect does increasing the size/surface area of a voltaic cell have on the cell?
different forms of the same element
methyl formate
zero
No effect on Voltage (hetero) but will increase current possible (surface area increases rate of reaction)

37. What electrons are lost/gained first in transition element ions?
Meth - eth - prop - but - pent - hex - hept - oct - non - dec
All single: sp³ - one double: sp² - two doubles: sp - one triple: sp - two single and two lone pairs: sp³ - three single and one lone pair: sp³
ns² electrons (first in-first out)
Add acid to water so that the acid doesn't boil and spit

38. How do you compute % dissociation?
Good catalysts - form multiple oxidation states - often paramagnetic - good structural metals - form a host of alloys (similar sized atoms) - have similar I energies (inner filling)
[A?]/[HA] x 100 or [BH?]/[B] x 100
Graduated cylinder
P2O5

39. When the salt bridge is removed what happens to the cell reaction?
It ceases - the circuit is broken.
benzene is less reactive than alkenes
Silvery gray solid - brown - purple
-Ea/R

40. If a weak acid is diluted more - what happens to its % dissociation value?
it's lower and occurs over less sharp a range
Ionic compounds
Increases.
zero-th: decreases - first: constant - second: increases

41. A Bronsted-Lowry acid is...
metal oxides and hydrides are ionically bonded and basic
Monomer + monomer = polymer product + a simple molecule such as water or HCl
Insoluble except group 1 and ammonium
proton donor base

42. What is the formula for alkynes?
No effect on Voltage (hetero) but will increase current possible (surface area increases rate of reaction)
no - they're written undissociated (HAaq)
CnH2n-2
Insoluble

43. chromate
Glowing splint (positive result=relights)
Meth - eth - prop - but - pent - hex - hept - oct - non - dec
CrO4²?
Experimental mass/theoretical mass X 100

44. What are two substances that sublime at 1 atm when heated?
Soluble except Ag - Pb - Ca - Sr Ba)
allow for the vapor pressure of water and make sure to level levels
CrO4²?
Iodine and CO2 (dry ice)

45. What is the general formula for an amine?
n(unsaturated monomer) = polymer (no loss in material) ex. n(C2H4) = (C2H4)n (polyethylene)
RNH2
Synthesis - separation and purification of the product and its identification.
Combine: multiply Keq - reverse: 1/Keq - Halve coefficients: Keq^(1/2)

46. How does the KE and PE of ice at 0°C compare to the KE and PE of water at 0°C?
MnO4?
same KE - but PEice<PEwater
voltaic: - electrolytic: +
allow for the vapor pressure of water and make sure to level levels

47. What is the catalyst for this reaction Ester + ?
Reverse most negative E° and add voltages to get Ecell (or take absolute difference between Ered values)
catalyst=conc H2SO4
fractional distillation
Kc=Kp

48. How do you dilute an acid?

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49. What do the 'a' and 'b' in Van Der Waal's equation allow for?
No - it depends on the number of ions produced on dissolving.
Conjugate pair (one must be a weak base or acid)
Clear
a-IMFs - b-molecular volume

50. primary colors
red - green - blue
O2 needs 4F/mol H2 needs 2F/mol
S2O3²?
The Faraday or Faraday's constant.