Test your basic knowledge |

AP Chemistry 2

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. chlorine
Greenish-yellow gas
CnH(2n+2)
brown volatile liquid
by electrolysis

2. If ?S is positive - are the products more or less chaotic than the reactants?
More chaotic (ex: gases made)
Combine: multiply Keq - reverse: 1/Keq - Halve coefficients: Keq^(1/2)
NO3?
Pale purple - (orange)-yellow - red - blue - green.

3. When can supercooling occur? What does it look like on a cooling curve?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

4. Alcohols and _______ are FG isomers
ethers
Ksp = s²
Synthesis - separation and purification of the product and its identification.
Whether or not they can form H-bonds with water (ex: Ethyl alcohol is soluble but dimethyl ether is not)

5. Do anions flow to the cathode or anode?
Soluble except Ag - Pb - Ca - Sr Ba)
Anode
atoms
fractional distillation

6. Diphosphorus pentoxide is a typical molecular binary compound. What is its formula?
Concentration
?G=negative - E° must be positive
P2O5
CrO4²?

7. What is Ksp in terms of molar solubility ('s') for an electrolyte AB?
K1 x K2
Ksp = s²
Kc=Kp
Increases for endo - (becomes more soluble) decreases (becomes less soluble) for exo.

8. What does a short - sharp melting point indicate?
#ligands=charge x2
Identity and purity (impure compounds usually have broad & low melting points)
+4-covalent - +2-ionic
neutralization: high K - H2O product dissociation: low K - H2O reactant

9. For a dibasic acid (H2A) - [A²?]= ____ ?
K2
fractional distillation
Add acid to water so that the acid doesn't boil and spit
hydroxides (ex: Ba(OH)2)

10. potassium permanganate
Purple
Unsaturated - addition (ex: decolorize bromine solution)
voltaic: + electrolytic: -
Big K=kf/kr

11. Name some properties of Group 17
1. Rinse the buret/pipette with deionized water - 2. Rinse the buret/pipette with the solution you plan on filling the buret/pipette with.
E=q + w (negative is by system - positive is on system)
States related to IMF magnitude (dispersion) - iodine-silvery grey solid - chlorine-yellowish green gas - bromine-brown volatile liquid - poisonous and reactive - good oxidizing agents -
Unsaturated - addition (ex: decolorize bromine solution)

12. What reacts with an acid to create hydrogen gas?
left - ppt will form
An active metal.
Cold beaker=endothermic - ?H=positive (hot beaker=exothermic - ?H=negative)
ClO2?

13. bromine
Big K=kf/kr
Alkali ion - OH? - and H2 (phenolphthalein goes pink - thus 'alkali' metals)
brown volatile liquid
1) Add together a weak base with a salt of that base made with a strong acid. (or visa versa) 2) by partially neutralizing a weak base with a strong acid or weak acid with a strong base. (Ex: 0.2 mol NH3 + 0.1 mol HCl)

14. BaSO4
Insoluble
CN?
Concentration
HClO4

15. The oxidation # for acid base reactions...
do not change
Distillation
Two amino acids joined together; many amino acids joined together; lots of amino acids joined together
0 and 14

16. Why are noble gases stable?
All except for lithium
ClO?
They have high ionization energies (due to high nuclear charge and no shielding) and cannot add electrons due to full valence shell
All single: sp³ - one double: sp² - two doubles: sp - one triple: sp - two single and two lone pairs: sp³ - three single and one lone pair: sp³

17. What are the prefixes used to name organic alkanes with varying number of carbon atoms? (Up to ten carbons)
Acid rain - dissolves marble buildings/statues and kills trees.
diamond and graphite
Meth - eth - prop - but - pent - hex - hept - oct - non - dec
H2O + CO2 (it decomposes readily)

18. chromate ion (soln + most solids)
Heptane
yellow
O2 needs 4F/mol H2 needs 2F/mol
Whether or not they can form H-bonds with water (ex: Ethyl alcohol is soluble but dimethyl ether is not)

19. group 1 ions/compounds
Soluble
Distillation
They stay the same.
A substance that can act as an acid or a base. ex. water - HCO3? ion etc.

20. Esters smell like _______ and amines smell like _______ and are ______.
No - NH3 and HCl gases are extremely soluble
atoms
fruit - fish - bases
it reacts by substitution NOT addition

21. dihydrogen phosphate
Ksp = 27s4
H2PO4?
No effect on Voltage (hetero) but will increase current possible (surface area increases rate of reaction)
zero

22. During a titration what is present in the beaker at the equivalence point?
A salt solution.
Insoluble except for nitrate and acetate
hydroxides (ex: Ba(OH)2)
Soluble

23. chromate
allow for the vapor pressure of water and make sure to level levels
same KE - but PEice<PEwater
Current - time and charge on ion (moles of e used in half cell reaction)
CrO4²?

24. Generally - which oxy acid is strongest?
Ppt will NOT form (unsaturated)
RCHO (carbonyl at end)
The one with most oxygen atoms (highest oxidation number)
AgF-soluble in water - other silver halides insoluble in water - AgCl-soluble in excess ammonia - AgBr-somewhat soluble - AgI (yellow)-somewhat soluble in excess ammonia

25. What are the products for these common oxidizing agents? MnO4? - CrO4²? - Cr2O7²?
Making sigma bonds and holding lone pairs
The one with most oxygen atoms (highest oxidation number)
red - green - blue
Mn²? - Cr³? - Cr³

26. What are two substances that sublime at 1 atm when heated?
Insoluble except for nitrate and acetate
Clear
n(unsaturated monomer) = polymer (no loss in material) ex. n(C2H4) = (C2H4)n (polyethylene)
Iodine and CO2 (dry ice)

27. What does saturated mean? Unsaturated?
Pale purple - (orange)-yellow - red - blue - green.
Separating funnel
Ksp = 108s5
Saturated organic compounds contain single bonds in their carbon skeleton. Unsaturated have at least one double or triple bond.

28. What do nonmetal oxides plus water form?
Combine the equations for the half reactions in the non-spontaneous direction
acids
[A?]/[HA] x 100 or [BH?]/[B] x 100
fractional distillation

29. What is the third law of thermodynamics?
S crystal at 0K=0
E=q + w (negative is by system - positive is on system)
OH- and NH3
Exothermic

30. What are the formulas for q?
water and substances with (s) less dense than
q=mc?T q=mL (or n x ?h)
H+
boiling without losing volatile solvents/reactants

31. What are isotopes?
blue (BTB)
Combine: multiply Keq - reverse: 1/Keq - Halve coefficients: Keq^(1/2)
linear
Two forms of the same element (same Z) with different # of neutrons and similar chemical properties

32. What are the names and formulas of the 6 strong acids?
Insoluble
HNO3 - (nitric) H2SO4 -(sulfuric) HCl -(hydrochloric) HBr -(hydrobromic) HI - (hydroiodic) HClO4 (perchloric)
Heptane
Insoluble except nitrate and acetate

33. What apparatus do you use to pour liquids?
Pour liquids using a funnel or down a glass rod
Add acid to water so that the acid doesn't boil and spit
At half equivalence - pH=pKa
Synthetic condensation polymer (aka a polyamide)

34. What is the general formula of an alkane?
CnH(2n+2)
CrO4²?
Hg2²?
Transition element compounds (except if it has a full or empty d shell)

35. What type of compounds do metals/non metals form?
are less dense than water
Ionic compounds
voltaic: - electrolytic: +
RX

36. What are the products of the reaction between group 1 metals and water?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

37. Name six characteristics of transition elements (or their compounds)
Good catalysts - form multiple oxidation states - often paramagnetic - good structural metals - form a host of alloys (similar sized atoms) - have similar I energies (inner filling)
NH4?
Increases down group 1 decreases down group 17
Kc=Kp

38. What gases usually come off during the 'electrolysis of water?' At the anode? At the cathode?
basic
Anode - oxygen. Cathode - hydrogen
strong acids/bases are written as H+ or OH- ions
Transition element compounds (except if it has a full or empty d shell)

39. What is the difference between equivalence point and end point of a titration.
Mention effective nuclear charge (shielding) and distance of outer electrons from the nucleus
buret - pipette - pipette filler - Erlenmeyer flask - volumetric flask
CrO4²?
Equivalence point is the titrant volume when the moles of acid and base are stoichiometrically equal; end point is the titrant volume when the color of the indicator permanently changes. If you choose the correct indicator - they should occur at the

40. What variables effect the moles of substance liberated in electrolysis. (a.k.a. Faraday's Laws)
Insoluble
MnO4?
Current - time and charge on ion (moles of e used in half cell reaction)
atoms

41. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Ksp = 4s³
Suniverse increases for spontaneous processes
A salt solution.
K2

42. When AB(s) and AC(s) are formed by adding A? ions to a mixture of 0.10M B? & 0.10M C? ions - which will precipitate first?
More chaotic (ex: gases made)
?G=negative - E° must be positive
The compound with the lowest Ksp value.
Insoluble except for nitrate and acetate

43. What is the basic structure of an optical isomer?
Pale purple - (orange)-yellow - red - blue - green.
Optical isomers contain at least one chiral (asymmetric) C atom which is a C atom that has four different groups attached to it.
Most are soluble except Ag - Pb
Orange

44. What do the 'a' and 'b' in Van Der Waal's equation allow for?
Ionic compounds
Saturated organic compounds contain single bonds in their carbon skeleton. Unsaturated have at least one double or triple bond.
White precipitate
a-IMFs - b-molecular volume

45. If Q > Ksp - then system shifts _______ and ppt ______
HClO4
methyl formate
ion pairing
left - ppt will form

46. Is the freezing of ice endothermic or exothermic?
an oxidized and reduced substance
red - green - blue
Saturated organic compounds contain single bonds in their carbon skeleton. Unsaturated have at least one double or triple bond.
Exothermic

47. Acids + Carbonates (bicarbonates) make?
allow for the vapor pressure of water and make sure to level levels
Primary alcohols are partially oxidized to aldehydes and then totally oxidized to acids (wine to vinegar)
Salt - Carbon dioxide and water.(latter also known as carbonic acid H2CO3)
T increases exponentially the proportion of molecules with E > Ea

48. How do you heat a test tube?
Primary alcohols are partially oxidized to aldehydes and then totally oxidized to acids (wine to vinegar)
left - ppt will form
Heat a test tube at an angle at the side of the tube (not bottom)
0 and 14

49. Acidic gases like SO2 in the atmosphere cause what environmental problems?
Ksp = s²
CO (poisonous)
Acid rain - dissolves marble buildings/statues and kills trees.
redox reaction

50. What things should you remember to do when collecting gas over water?
Current - time and charge on ion (moles of e used in half cell reaction)
Perform ICE BOX calculation based on K1
allow for the vapor pressure of water and make sure to level levels
Concentration