Test your basic knowledge |

AP Chemistry 2

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. carbonates
#ligands=charge x2
+4-covalent - +2-ionic
|experimental - accepted|/accepted X 100
Insoluble except group 1 and ammonium

2. What do the 'a' and 'b' in Van Der Waal's equation allow for?
Heat a test tube at an angle at the side of the tube (not bottom)
a-IMFs - b-molecular volume
They have high ionization energies (due to high nuclear charge and no shielding) and cannot add electrons due to full valence shell
H2PO4?

3. lead compounds
NO3?
CO2 and H2O
ROH
Insoluble except nitrate and acetate

4. What word is a clue for a redox reaction?
The compound with the lowest Ksp value.
Orange
0 and 14
Acidified

5. What is a dipeptide? polypeptide? protein?
it is lower and occurs over less sharp a range
Pale purple - (orange)-yellow - red - blue - green.
Identity and purity (impure compounds usually have broad & low melting points)
Two amino acids joined together; many amino acids joined together; lots of amino acids joined together

6. What is an Alkyl group?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

7. What do group I/II metal oxides and acids form?
non-metal oxides and hydrides are covalently bonded and are acidic.
neutralization: high K - H2O product dissociation: low K - H2O reactant
lighted splint (positive result=pop)
Salt and water

8. What is the sign of the anode in voltaic cells? in electrolytic cells?
bases
voltaic: - electrolytic: +
A salt solution.
NH4?

9. If an electrolyte has an endothermic heat of solution - what will happen to its Ksp value when the temperature is raised? What about exothermic?
S crystal at 0K=0
Increases for endo - (becomes more soluble) decreases (becomes less soluble) for exo.
chemically (ex: with carbon)
blue (BTB)

10. How do you compute % dissociation?
redox reaction
[A?]/[HA] x 100 or [BH?]/[B] x 100
no - they're written undissociated (HAaq)
atoms

11. What are the bond angles and hybridization for a carbon with 4 sigma bonds? one double bond? two double bonds? one triple bond?
Selective absorption
4 sigma bonds-109° - sp³ - one double bond-120° - sp² two double bonds-180° - sp one triple bond-180° - sp
Molecules with the same molecular formulas - but different structural formulas
Salt + water

12. What apparatus do you use to pour liquids?
At half equivalence - pH=pKa
RX
Pale purple - (orange)-yellow - red - blue - green.
Pour liquids using a funnel or down a glass rod

13. Ca - Sr - Ba
same KE - but PEice<PEwater
hydroxides (ex: Ba(OH)2)
-Ea/R
Tetrahedral

14. silver iodide
CnH2n
Greenish-yellow gas
Pale yellow
The compound with the lowest Ksp value.

15. What things should you remember to do when collecting gas over water?
r1/r2=(M2/M1)^½ - v1/v2=(T1/T2)^½ - E1/E2=T1/T2
diamond and graphite
Acid rain - dissolves marble buildings/statues and kills trees.
allow for the vapor pressure of water and make sure to level levels

16. What things should you remember to do when collecting gas over water?
allow for the vapor pressure of water and make sure to level levels
Insoluble (except group 1 ammonium and Ba)
#ligands=charge x2
Disulfur dichloride

17. Flame tests for certain metal ions (simple emission spectra) gives which colors for potassium - sodium - lithium - copper - barium
Pale purple - (orange)-yellow - red - blue - green.
Mono; di; tri; tetra; penta; hexa.
bright yellow
Eudiometer

18. ____ is a Lewis acid - since it can accept a lone pair - completing its stable form - which requires two electrons.
Salts (ex: CaO + SO2 ? CaSO3)
Hydrogen (active metals are metals with more negative reduction potentials in E° chart)
K2
H+

19. What are amphoteric oxides?
Time?¹ - (ex. s?¹ - hr?¹ - etc)
Oxides that react with both acids (make salts + water) AND bases (forms complex ion - ex: ZnO and Al2O3 in bases make Zn(OH)4²? and Al(OH)4? or Al(OH)6³?)
same KE - but PEice<PEwater
?G is zero at equilibrium when spontaneity is the same in either direction (K=1)

20. What element is used to vulcanize rubber?
voltaic: - electrolytic: +
Sulfur
Cr2O7²?
Suniverse increases for spontaneous processes

21. What do you use to look at burning magnesium? why?
blue glass - it filters UV
Trigonal pyramidal
E=q + w (negative is by system - positive is on system)
Acidic is when [H?] > [OH?] - basic is when [H?] < [OH?] - acidic is when [H?] = [OH?]

22. What is the formula for alkanes?
Eudiometer
CnH2n+2
1. Rinse the buret/pipette with deionized water - 2. Rinse the buret/pipette with the solution you plan on filling the buret/pipette with.
Suniverse increases for spontaneous processes

23. Generally - which oxy acid is strongest?
A substance that can act as an acid or a base. ex. water - HCO3? ion etc.
The one with most oxygen atoms (highest oxidation number)
Molecules with the same molecular formulas - but different structural formulas
RX

24. Both Acetic acid and ____________ are also functional isomers.
methyl formate
Cu3(PO4)2
ClO3?
0 and 14

25. How do you get the equation for a net electrolysis reaction?
WA/SB: pH>7 SA/WB: pH<7 SA/SB: pH=7
HClO4
Lack of rotation of groups around a double bond. (cis has groups on same side - trans on opposite sides)
Combine the equations for the half reactions in the non-spontaneous direction

26. When AB(s) and AC(s) are formed by adding A? ions to a mixture of 0.10M B? & 0.10M C? ions - which will precipitate first?
Acid rain - dissolves marble buildings/statues and kills trees.
The compound with the lowest Ksp value.
blue glass - it filters UV
Salt + water.

27. Alkanes are _________ and react by _________
NO2 and SO2 are very soluble - CO2 and O2 are somewhat soluble
They stay the same.
Saturated - Substitution (which requires more radical conditions)
Salt and water

28. Alkenes are ________ and react by __________
Anode
linear
Unsaturated - addition (ex: decolorize bromine solution)
Ignore 'x' if its K is very small compared to [reactant] (5% rule)

29. What device would you use to measure a volume of gas?
Eudiometer
4 sigma bonds-109° - sp³ - one double bond-120° - sp² two double bonds-180° - sp one triple bond-180° - sp
K1 x K2
#ligands=charge x2

30. What is the first law of thermodynamics?
chemically (ex: with carbon)
E=q + w (negative is by system - positive is on system)
No - it depends on the number of ions produced on dissolving.
ion pairing

31. How does the KE and PE of ice at 0°C compare to the KE and PE of water at 0°C?
Current - time and charge on ion (moles of e used in half cell reaction)
same KE - but PEice<PEwater
-Ea/R
Suniverse increases for spontaneous processes

32. If ?S is positive - are the products more or less chaotic than the reactants?
WA/SB: pH>7 SA/WB: pH<7 SA/SB: pH=7
Distillation
neutralization: high K - H2O product dissociation: low K - H2O reactant
More chaotic (ex: gases made)

33. What do you need to make a polymer?
Time?¹ - (ex. s?¹ - hr?¹ - etc)
Trigonal pyramidal
Concentration
A monomer with a double bond OR two monomers with an arrangement of FGs that allows them to react repeatedly with one another (ex. OH and COOH)

34. mercury (I) ion
CnH2n+1 often designated 'R' ex C3H7 is propyl
Supercooling can occur when cooling a solvent or solution. It occurs when there's a dip and then a rise back up to the melting point on a cooling curve.
Hg2²?
Reverse most negative E° and add voltages to get Ecell (or take absolute difference between Ered values)

35. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
0.10M HCl (more ions)
Soluble
acid + alcohol
Suniverse increases for spontaneous processes

36. In equilibrium calculations for weak acids/bases - when should you ignore 'x' with respect to initial concentration of acid or base

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

37. What is the relationship in strength between sigma and pi bonds?
Sigma bonds are stronger than pi bonds
chemically (ex: with carbon)
ROR
it reacts by substitution NOT addition

38. What range of indicator would you use for the following titrations. a) s.a. + s.b. b) w.a. + s.b. c) w.b. + s.a.
Ionic compounds
A) any range. b) 8-10 c) 4-6
Salt - Carbon dioxide and water.(latter also known as carbonic acid H2CO3)
Anode

39. What is the general formula for alkyl halides?
bases
Time?¹ - (ex. s?¹ - hr?¹ - etc)
+4-covalent - +2-ionic
RX

40. When can supercooling occur? What does it look like on a cooling curve?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

41. What process takes place at the cathode in an electrochemical cell? In an electrolytic cell?
by electrolysis
Reduction always takes place at the cathode (RED CAT) In both types of cell!
The one with most oxygen atoms (highest oxidation number)
Mn²? - Cr³? - Cr³

42. Is the standard entropy (S°) of an element zero?
But S° of element is not zero (except at 0K)
T increases exponentially the proportion of molecules with E > Ea
SO4²?
Graduated cylinder

43. What measuring device would you use for very small volumes of liquids?
OH?
Pipette (burette if need repetition)
Group I metals (soft metals) are stored under oil
More chaotic (ex: gases made)

44. What apparatus do you use to separate 2 immiscible liquids?
[A?]/[HA] x 100 or [BH?]/[B] x 100
q=mc?T q=mL (or n x ?h)
Separating funnel
Temperature increase the endothermic k more (hence increasing T moves equilibrium in the endothermic direction)

45. What are the formulas for q?
Increases.
q=mc?T q=mL (or n x ?h)
Good catalysts - form multiple oxidation states - often paramagnetic - good structural metals - form a host of alloys (similar sized atoms) - have similar I energies (inner filling)
Salt - Carbon dioxide and water.(latter also known as carbonic acid H2CO3)

46. At what point during titration do you have the perfect buffer - and what is the pH at this point?
At half equivalence - pH=pKa
atoms
How grouped results are
Tetrahedral

47. BaSO4
Insoluble
Potassium permanganate and potassium dichromate (they're clues that a reaction will be redox)
it reacts by substitution NOT addition
do not change

48. iodine - iodine solution - iodine vapor
To ensure Ptot = Plab and that Pgas = Ptot-PH2O
Silvery gray solid - brown - purple
Most INsoluble except group 1 and ammonium
Q=It (time in seconds)

49. What is the general formula for a ketone?
CnH2n+1 often designated 'R' ex C3H7 is propyl
RCOR
allow for the vapor pressure of water and make sure to level levels
Meth - eth - prop - but - pent - hex - hept - oct - non - dec

50. How do you identify which is oxidized or otherwise?
look for changes in oxidation # - the one that goes up is oxidized and is the RA
Insoluble except for nitrate and acetate
No - NH3 and HCl gases are extremely soluble
oxidizing - (F2 is the best) - reducing (ex: Li - Na).