Test your basic knowledge |

AP Chemistry 2

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What do you do to get rid of most of the solution from a precipitate?
CN?
1) Add together a weak base with a salt of that base made with a strong acid. (or visa versa) 2) by partially neutralizing a weak base with a strong acid or weak acid with a strong base. (Ex: 0.2 mol NH3 + 0.1 mol HCl)
Decant
Tetrahedral

2. dichromate
Pale yellow
C4H10
non-metal oxides and hydrides are covalently bonded and are acidic.
Cr2O7²?

3. phosphates
Most INsoluble except group 1 and ammonium
Nothing
?G=negative - E° must be positive
by electrolysis

4. What is the hybridization for a given atom with four single bonds? one double and two single bonds? two double bonds? one triple and one single bond? two single bonds and two lone pairs? three single bonds and one lone pair?
All single: sp³ - one double: sp² - two doubles: sp - one triple: sp - two single and two lone pairs: sp³ - three single and one lone pair: sp³
Eudiometer
Q=It (time in seconds)
chemically (ex: with carbon)

5. What things should you remember to do when collecting gas over water?
it reacts by substitution NOT addition
voltaic: + electrolytic: -
Glowing splint (positive result=relights)
allow for the vapor pressure of water and make sure to level levels

6. What are isomers?
Check for air bubbles in the buret and remove the buret funnel from the buret
CN?
basic
Molecules with the same molecular formulas - but different structural formulas

7. What is H2CO3 (carbonate acid) usually written as?
are less dense than water
ClO3?
H2O + CO2 (it decomposes readily)
Ksp = 4s³

8. Diphosphorus pentoxide is a typical molecular binary compound. What is its formula?
red - green - blue
P2O5
Glowing splint (positive result=relights)
Ksp = 108s5

9. Do anions flow to the cathode or anode?
|experimental - accepted|/accepted X 100
Anode
Greenish-yellow gas
RCOR

10. What is the formula of butane?
Thermo: R=8.31J/mol/K - gas calculations: R=.0821 L atm/mol/K or 62.4L mmHg/mol/K
voltaic: - electrolytic: +
1. Rinse the buret/pipette with deionized water - 2. Rinse the buret/pipette with the solution you plan on filling the buret/pipette with.
C4H10

11. Group 14 shows non-metal and metal characteristics. What two oxidation states do the elements in group 14 exist in?
There's one normal boiling point (1 atm) - but many boiling points (P dependent)
+4 and +2 (+4 dominates top of group and +2 at bottom of group)
it reacts by substitution NOT addition
ethers

12. What are the names and formulas of the 6 strong acids?
Acid rain - dissolves marble buildings/statues and kills trees.
HNO3 - (nitric) H2SO4 -(sulfuric) HCl -(hydrochloric) HBr -(hydrobromic) HI - (hydroiodic) HClO4 (perchloric)
+4 and +2 (+4 dominates top of group and +2 at bottom of group)
Only temperature

13. What happens to the ion concentrations of a saturated solution when it is diluted and allowed to reach equilibrium - with solid solute still present?
small size and high charge
Oxides that react with both acids (make salts + water) AND bases (forms complex ion - ex: ZnO and Al2O3 in bases make Zn(OH)4²? and Al(OH)4? or Al(OH)6³?)
zero
They stay the same.

14. What is the word equation for addition polymerisation?
They stay the same.
The one with most oxygen atoms (highest oxidation number)
C2O4²?
n(unsaturated monomer) = polymer (no loss in material) ex. n(C2H4) = (C2H4)n (polyethylene)

15. What is the catalyst for this reaction Ester + ?
catalyst=conc H2SO4
They stay the same.
Mention effective nuclear charge (shielding) and distance of outer electrons from the nucleus
Reverse most negative E° and add voltages to get Ecell (or take absolute difference between Ered values)

16. lead iodide
Salt + water.
Ksp = 108s5
bright yellow
RCOOR

17. perchlorate
Synthetic condensation polymer (aka a polyamide)
Ppt will NOT form (unsaturated)
ClO4?
OH?

18. What shape is carbon dioxide?
linear
Trigonal pyramidal
Two amino acids joined together; many amino acids joined together; lots of amino acids joined together
Oxides that react with both acids (make salts + water) AND bases (forms complex ion - ex: ZnO and Al2O3 in bases make Zn(OH)4²? and Al(OH)4? or Al(OH)6³?)

19. silver compounds
Monomer + monomer = polymer product + a simple molecule such as water or HCl
CnH2n+1 often designated 'R' ex C3H7 is propyl
Insoluble except for nitrate and acetate
zero

20. What process do you use to obtain a solvent from a solution?
Salt + water.
Distillation
Most are soluble except Ag - Pb
Two forms of the same element (same Z) with different # of neutrons and similar chemical properties

21. Alkanes are _________ and react by _________
Increases down group 1 decreases down group 17
atoms
Synthetic condensation polymer (aka a polyamide)
Saturated - Substitution (which requires more radical conditions)

22. What is the general formula for an acid?
O2 needs 4F/mol H2 needs 2F/mol
RCOOH
Read the bottom of the meniscus
same KE - but PEice<PEwater

23. Esters smell like _______ and amines smell like _______ and are ______.
Glowing splint (positive result=relights)
CnH2n
fruit - fish - bases
Heptane

24. What is the relationship between Rate and Molar Mass for two gases? Velocity and Temperature? Energy and Temperature?
OH- and NH3
r1/r2=(M2/M1)^½ - v1/v2=(T1/T2)^½ - E1/E2=T1/T2
[A?]/[HA] x 100 or [BH?]/[B] x 100
All single: sp³ - one double: sp² - two doubles: sp - one triple: sp - two single and two lone pairs: sp³ - three single and one lone pair: sp³

25. If Q > Ksp - then system shifts _______ and ppt ______
Insoluble
left - ppt will form
ethers
redox reaction

26. When can supercooling occur? What does it look like on a cooling curve?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

27. State whether K is high or low and whether H2O a product or reactant for the following reactions: a) neutralization. b) dissociation in water.
by electrolysis
neutralization: high K - H2O product dissociation: low K - H2O reactant
Eudiometer
NO3?

28. What is the general formula for a ketone?
bases
Trigonal pyramidal
+4 and +2 (+4 dominates top of group and +2 at bottom of group)
RCOR

29. If ?S is positive - are the products more or less chaotic than the reactants?
They decrease (or could be the same if the solid has ONLY JUST disappeared)
Acidified
More chaotic (ex: gases made)
H2PO4?

30. thiosulfate
Insoluble (except group 1 ammonium and Ba)
Supercooling can occur when cooling a solvent or solution. It occurs when there's a dip and then a rise back up to the melting point on a cooling curve.
S2O3²?
Group I metals (soft metals) are stored under oil

31. What reacts with an acid to create hydrogen gas?
?G is zero at equilibrium when spontaneity is the same in either direction (K=1)
An active metal.
Acidified
strong acids/bases are written as H+ or OH- ions

32. What do you need to make a polymer?
n(unsaturated monomer) = polymer (no loss in material) ex. n(C2H4) = (C2H4)n (polyethylene)
There's one normal boiling point (1 atm) - but many boiling points (P dependent)
-Ea/R
A monomer with a double bond OR two monomers with an arrangement of FGs that allows them to react repeatedly with one another (ex. OH and COOH)

33. How are more active metals reduced?
same KE - but PEice<PEwater
ClO3?
by electrolysis
benzene is less reactive than alkenes

34. ____ is a Lewis acid - since it can accept a lone pair - completing its stable form - which requires two electrons.
Experimental mass/theoretical mass X 100
No - NH3 and HCl gases are extremely soluble
?G=negative - E° must be positive
H+

35. Alkenes are ________ and react by __________
by electrolysis
Group I metals (soft metals) are stored under oil
Unsaturated - addition (ex: decolorize bromine solution)
acids

36. chlorine
An active metal.
Synthetic condensation polymer (aka a polyamide)
Greenish-yellow gas
Anode - oxygen. Cathode - hydrogen

37. What is the general formula for an alcohol?
AgF-soluble in water - other silver halides insoluble in water - AgCl-soluble in excess ammonia - AgBr-somewhat soluble - AgI (yellow)-somewhat soluble in excess ammonia
Time?¹ - (ex. s?¹ - hr?¹ - etc)
ROH
They stay the same.

38. permanganate
MnO4?
?H-kJ - ?S-J - ?G-kJ
States related to IMF magnitude (dispersion) - iodine-silvery grey solid - chlorine-yellowish green gas - bromine-brown volatile liquid - poisonous and reactive - good oxidizing agents -
acids

39. cyanide
CN?
Glowing splint (positive result=relights)
Pipette (burette if need repetition)
yellow

40. What is the formula of copper (II) phosphate?
Tetrahedral
Cu3(PO4)2
HNO3 - (nitric) H2SO4 -(sulfuric) HCl -(hydrochloric) HBr -(hydrobromic) HI - (hydroiodic) HClO4 (perchloric)
RX

41. The definition of acidic basic and neutral aqueous solutions is:
Acidic is when [H?] > [OH?] - basic is when [H?] < [OH?] - acidic is when [H?] = [OH?]
do not change
[A?]/[HA] x 100 or [BH?]/[B] x 100
No - it depends on the number of ions produced on dissolving.

42. Where are group I metals stored?
non-metal oxides and hydrides are covalently bonded and are acidic.
Group I metals (soft metals) are stored under oil
Sigma bonds are stronger than pi bonds
Time?¹ - (ex. s?¹ - hr?¹ - etc)

43. chromate
CO2 and H2O
RCOOR
CrO4²?
A substance that can act as an acid or a base. ex. water - HCO3? ion etc.

44. What is the relative solubility of CO2 - HCl - NH3 - NO2 - O2 - and SO2?
NO2 and SO2 are very soluble - CO2 and O2 are somewhat soluble
CO (poisonous)
boiling without losing volatile solvents/reactants
NH2?

45. What are isotopes?
proton donor base
different forms of the same element
CN?
Two forms of the same element (same Z) with different # of neutrons and similar chemical properties

46. What is the pH of 1.0M HCl? 1M NaOH?
Ksp = 27s4
Mono; di; tri; tetra; penta; hexa.
ethers
0 and 14

47. What do metal oxides plus non- metal oxides form?
Exothermic
Salts (ex: CaO + SO2 ? CaSO3)
Trigonal pyramidal
are less dense than water

48. What things should you remember to do when collecting gas over water?
Temperature increase the endothermic k more (hence increasing T moves equilibrium in the endothermic direction)
basic
allow for the vapor pressure of water and make sure to level levels
Iodine and CO2 (dry ice)

49. dihydrogen phosphate
Cold beaker=endothermic - ?H=positive (hot beaker=exothermic - ?H=negative)
H2PO4?
[A?]/[HA] x 100 or [BH?]/[B] x 100
Salt + water

50. What two compounds are great oxidizing agents?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183