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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Unstable atomic nuclei will spontaneously decompose to form nuclei with a higher stability. The decomposition process is called?
stable isotope
radioactivity
sp3 hybridization
Sigma bonds
2. In biology - these isotopes have the advantage of not delivering a radiation dose to the system being studied; however - a significant excess of them in the organ or organism might still interfere with its functionality - and the availability of suff
Sigma bonds
H-2 (deuterium)
resonance
stable isotope
3. This kind of hybridization that uses the s orbital and two of the p orbitals from the second energy level of carbon to form three hybrid orbitals.It has three hybrid orbitals and there is also an unchanged p orbital that is not shown here. The geomet
Lewis structure
sp2 hybridization
nuclear equation rule
gas
4. A covalent bond in which the electron pair is shared in an area centered on a line running between the atoms. It results from orbitals that point toward each other.
Sigma bonds
half life
sp2 hybridization
half life
5. The strongest type of covalent chemical bond -in which electrons are shared between atoms.
transport properties
sigma bond
H-2 (deuterium)
pi - sigma
6. A type of radiation that are high-energy photons with a very short wavelength (0.0005 to 0.1 nm). The emission of this radiation results from an energy change within the atomic nucleus. This type of emission changes neither the atomic number nor the
transport properties
N-15
gamma radiation
Single bond
7. This equation shows how a nucleus gains or loses subatomic particles.
Lewis structure
nuclear equation
Lewis structures
kinetic isotopes effect
8. Structures that show each atom and its position in the structure of the molecule using its chemical symbol. Lines are drawn between atoms that are bonded to one another (pairs of dots can be used instead of lines). Excess electrons that form lone pai
Lewis structures
pi - sigma
pi bond
stable isotope
9. Alpha and beta emission are often accompanied by gamma emission - as an excited nucleus drops to a lower and more _____ energy state.
kinetic theory
kinetic isotope effect
sp3 hybridization
stable
10. More subtle properties of gas - such as heat conductivity - viscosity (resistance to flow) - and diffusion are attributed to the molecules themselves carrying the mechanical quantities of energy - momentum - and mass - respectively.
transport properties
sp hybridization
resonance
resonance
11. The time required for a radioactive element to decay to half of the original amount - reduced into a lighter element.
sigma bond
half life
gases
kinetic isotopes effect
12. A theory explains macroscopic properties of gases - such as pressure - temperature - or volume - by considering their molecular composition and motion. Essentially - the theory posits that pressure is due not to static repulsion between molecules - a
kinetic theory of gas
alpha radiation - beta radiation and gamma radiation
radioactive isotopes
cosmogenic isotopes
13. The property of a compound having simultaneously the characteristics of two or more structural forms that differ only in the distribution of electrons. Such compounds are highly stable and cannot be properly represented by a single structural formula
radiation
radioactivity
resonance
transport properties
14. A type of hybridization that results from the combination of the s orbital and all three p orbitals in the second energy level of carbon - resulting in four hybrid orbitals and occurs when a carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms. The geometric ar
kinetic theory of gas
radioactivity
gas
sp3 hybridization
15. Replacing normal hydrogen (protons) by deuterium within a molecule causes the molecular vibrational frequency of X-H bonds to decrease - which leads to a decrease in vibrational zero-point energy. This can lead to a decrease in the reaction rate if t
gases
transport properties
kinetic isotope effect
kinetic theory of gas
16. While the particles making up a gas are too small to be visible - the jittering motion of pollen grains or dust particles which can be seen under a microscope - known as Brownian motion - results directly from collisions between the particle and gas
kinetic isotope effect
pi bond
kinetic theory of gas
kinetic theory
17. A type of radiation that consists of a stream of positively charged particles - which have an atomic mass of 4 and a charge of +2 (a helium nucleus). When the particle is ejected from a nucleus - the mass number of the nucleus decreases by four units
kinetic isotope effect
half life
pressure
alpha radiation
18. Although many of the elements react by gaining - losing or sharing electrons until they have achieved a valence shell electron configuration with a full octet (8) of electrons - there are many noteworthy exceptions to the ____ rule.
alpha radiation
Single bond
octet rule
radioactive isotopes
19. A simple chemical rule of thumb that states that atoms tend to combine in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shells - giving them the same electronic configuration as a noble gas.
octet rule
radioactive isotopes
kinetic isotopes effect
Triple bond
20. Electrons in a molecule or solid metal that are not associated with a single atom or one covalent bond. They are contained within an orbital that extends over several adjacent atoms.
delocalized electrons
resonance
stable
nuclear equation
21. In biology - these isotopes have the advantages of being detectable in very low quantities - in being easily measured by scintillation counting or other radiochemical methods - and in being localizable to particular regions of a cell - and quantifiab
resonance
transport properties
radioactive isotopes
radiation
22. A bond that shares an electron pair - in the space above and below the sigma bond. It results from parallel orbitals.
N-15
octet rule
pi bonds
pi bond
23. The time required to convert one half of a reactant to product. The term is commonly applied to radioactive decay - where the reactant is the parent isotope and the product is a daughter isotope.
half life
octet rule
stable isotope
gas
24. A theory that describes gas as a large number of small particles (atoms or molecules) - all of which are in constant - random motion. The rapidly moving particles constantly collide with each other and with the walls of the container.
gases
pi - sigma
nuclear magnetic resonance
kinetic theory of gas
25. In biology - the stable isotope of nitrogen - has also been used. It is incorporated mainly into proteins.
octet rule
N-15
alpha radiation
resonance
26. Typically - the isotopic substitution is made with an atom that takes part in the reaction. This will produce a primary isotope effect. If the substitution is made with an atom that does not directly participate in the reaction - a secondary isotope
resonance
kinetic isotopes effect
sigma bond
resonance
27. They consist of a vast number of molecules moving chaotically in all directions and colliding with one another and with the walls of their container. Beyond this - there is no structure
cosmogenic isotopes
pi bonds
Double bond
gas
28. A ___bond is weaker than a ____ bond - but the combination of pi and sigma bond is stronger than either bond by itself. The enhanced strength of a multiple bond versus a single (sigma bond) is indicated in many ways - but most obviously by a contract
pi - sigma
pressure
alpha radiation
sp3 hybridization
29. Diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. They are similar to electron dot diagrams in that the valence electrons in lone pairs are represented as dots - but they also c
Lewis structure
kinetic theory of gas
pressure
pi - sigma
30. The _______ exerted by a gas is the result of the innumerable impacts of the molecules on the container walls and appears steady to human senses because so many collisions occur each second on all sections of the walls.
kinetic isotopes effect
pressure
resonance
Double bond
31. The energy and particles which are released during the decomposition process (radioactivity) are called?
alpha radiation
Lewis structure
kinetic isotopes effect
radiation
32. Atoms connected via a double bond or triple bond have - in addition to one sigma bond - one or two ___ bonds - respectively.
kinetic isotopes effect
pi
half life
nuclear equation rule
33. In biology - the stable isotope of hydrogen - is a stable tracer - the concentration of which can be measured by mass spectroscopy or NMR. It is incorporated into all cellular structures.
pressure
resonance
H-2 (deuterium)
kinetic isotopes effect
34. The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles (ionizing radiation). The emission is spontaneous - in that the nucleus decays without collision with another particle or atom. The decay is a stochastic (i.e
gas
pi
radioactive decay
Lewis structures
35. Term in chemistry used to explain properties of the octet rule when a single Lewis structure is inadequate. An average of two of more Lewis structures which differ only in the position of their electrons.
resonance
sp hybridization
transport properties
H-2 (deuterium)
36. The rate of transport for gases is dominated by the collisions between molecules - which force their trajectories into tortuous shapes. The molecular collisions are in turn controlled by the forces between the molecules and are described by the laws
resonance
Single bond
stable
transport properties
37. There are two pi bonds and one sigma bond in a __________.
Triple bond
sigma bond
gases
radiation
38. An isotopic substitution will greatly modify the reaction rate - providing clues to the pathway of the reaction.The advantage of isotopic substitution is that this is the least disturbing structural change that can be effected in a molecule.
cosmogenic isotopes
radioactive isotopes
kinetic isotopes effect
sp2 hybridization
39. There is one pi bond and one sigma bond in a ____________.
Double bond
kinetic theory of gas
kinetic isotopes effect
H-2 (deuterium)
40. In high quantities they require precautions to guard the workers from the effects of radiation
delocalized electrons
radioactive isotopes
resonance
Lewis structures
41. A covalent chemical bond where two lobes of one involved electron orbital overlap two lobes of the other involved electron orbital.
pi bond
Triple bond
gamma radiation
alpha radiation - beta radiation and gamma radiation
42. This kind of hybridization uses the s orbital and one of the p orbitals from carbon's second energy level to combine together to make two hybrid orbitals. Those hybrid orbitals form a straight line.They are exactly opposite one another from the cente
sp hybridization
alpha radiation - beta radiation and gamma radiation
kinetic isotope effect
kinetic theory
43. A type of radiation that is a stream of electrons. When a particle is ejected - a neutron in the nucleus is converted to a proton - so the mass number of the nucleus is unchanged - but the atomic number increases by one unit.
beta radiation
radioactive isotopes
transport properties
Lewis structure
44. Rule: The sum of the mass numbers of the reactants equals the sum of the mass numbers of the products.
N-15
Single bond
pi bond
nuclear equation rule
45. The distinguishing feature of this type of bond is that the overlap region lies directly between the two nuclei of both shared atoms.
beta radiation
sigma bond
gamma radiation
half life
46. There are no pi bonds in a _________ - only a sigma bond.
Single bond
alpha radiation - beta radiation and gamma radiation
radiation
transport properties
47. They have neither a definite size nor shape - whereas ordinary solids have both a definite size and a definite shape - and liquids have a definite size - or volume - even though they adapt their shape to that of the container in which they are placed
pressure
gases
resonance
nuclear magnetic resonance
48. A way of describing delocalized electrons within certain molecules or polyatomic ions where the bonding cannot be expressed by one single Lewis formula. A molecule or ion with such delocalized electrons is represented by several contributing structur
pi - sigma
half life
resonance
radioactive isotopes
49. Three types of natural radioactive decay include?
alpha radiation - beta radiation and gamma radiation
transport properties
transport properties
pressure
50. One of the three fundamental states of matter - in which matter has no definite shape - is very fluid - and has a density about 0.1% that of liquids.
nuclear equation rule
gas
H-2 (deuterium)
octet rule